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Abel S, Naumann C. Evolution of phosphate scouting in the terrestrial biosphere. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230355. [PMID: 39343020 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemistry assigns phosphorus and its most oxidized form, inorganic phosphate, unique roles for propelling bioenergetics and metabolism in all domains of life, possibly since its very origin on prebiotic Earth. For plants, access to the vital mineral nutrient profoundly affects growth, development and vigour, thus constraining net primary productivity in natural ecosystems and crop production in modern agriculture. Unlike other major biogenic elements, the low abundance and uneven distribution of phosphate in Earth's crust result from the peculiarities of phosphorus cosmochemistry and geochemistry. Here, we trace the chemical evolution of the element, the geochemical phosphorus cycle and its acceleration during Earth's history until the present (Anthropocene) as well as during the evolution and rise of terrestrial plants. We highlight the chemical and biological processes of phosphate mobilization and acquisition, first evolved in bacteria, refined in fungi and algae and expanded into powerful phosphate-prospecting strategies during land plant colonization. Furthermore, we review the evolution of the genetic and molecular networks from bacteria to terrestrial plants, which monitor intracellular and extracellular phosphate availabilities and coordinate the appropriate responses and adjustments to fluctuating phosphate supply. Lastly, we discuss the modern global phosphorus cycle deranged by human activity and the challenges imposed ahead. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and diversity of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
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Guo J, Luo D, Chen Y, Li F, Gong J, Yu F, Zhang W, Qi J, Guo C. Spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas reveals gene regulatory patterns during the organogenesis of the rapid growing bamboo shoots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:1057-1073. [PMID: 39140996 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo with its remarkable growth rate and economic significance, offers an ideal system to investigate the molecular basis of organogenesis in rapidly growing plants, particular in monocots, where gene regulatory networks governing the maintenance and differentiation of shoot apical and intercalary meristems remain a subject of controversy. We employed both spatial and single-nucleus transcriptome sequencing on 10× platform to precisely dissect the gene functions in various tissues and early developmental stages of bamboo shoots. Our comprehensive analysis reveals distinct cell trajectories during shoot development, uncovering critical genes and pathways involved in procambium differentiation, intercalary meristem formation, and vascular tissue development. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of key regulatory genes, particularly those related to hormone signaling and lipid metabolism, strongly support the hypothesis that intercalary meristem origin from surrounded parenchyma cells. Specific gene expressions in intercalary meristem exhibit regular and dispersed distribution pattern, offering clues for understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms that drive the rapid growth of bamboo shoots. The single-nucleus and spatial transcriptome analysis reveal a comprehensive landscape of gene activity, enhancing the understanding of the molecular architecture of organogenesis and providing valuable resources for future genomic and genetic studies relying on identities of specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yamao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jiajia Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wengen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunce Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Forestry College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Sun X, Jiang C, Guo Y, Li C, Zhao W, Nie F, Liu Q. Suppression of OsSAUR2 gene expression immobilizes soil arsenic bioavailability by modulating root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134587. [PMID: 38772107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
One of the factors influencing the behavior of arsenic (As) in environment is microbial-mediated As transformation. However, the detailed regulatory role of gene expression on the changes of root exudation, rhizosphere microorganisms, and soil As occurrence forms remains unclear. In this study, we evidence that loss-of-function of OsSAUR2 gene, a member of the SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA family in rice, results in significantly higher As uptake in roots but greatly lower As accumulation in grains via affecting the expression of OsLsi1, OsLsi2 in roots and OsABCC1 in stems. Further, the alteration of OsSAUR2 expression extensively affects the metabolomic of root exudation, and thereby leading to the variations in the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in rice. The microbial community in the rhizosphere of Ossaur2 plants strongly immobilizes the occurrence forms of As in soil. Interestingly, Homovanillic acid (HA) and 3-Coumaric acid (CA), two differential metabolites screened from root exudation, can facilitate soil iron reduction, enhance As bioavailability, and stimulate As uptake and accumulation in rice. These findings add our further understanding in the relationship of OsSAUR2 expression with the release of root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly under As stress in rice, and provide potential rice genetic resources and root exudation in phytoremediation of As-contaminated paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhao Nie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpo Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng J, Geng X, Zhao Z, Zhou W. Tipping the balance: The dynamics of stem cell maintenance and stress responses in plant meristems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 78:102510. [PMID: 38266375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant meristems contain pools of dividing stem cells that produce new organs for plant growth and development. Environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses and nutrient availability, affect meristem activity and thus the architecture of roots and shoots; understanding how meristems react to changing environmental conditions will shed light on how plants optimize nutrient acquisition and acclimate to different environmental conditions. This review highlights recent exciting advances in this field, mainly in Arabidopsis. We discuss the signaling pathways, genetic regulators, and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of plant meristems to environmental and nutrient cues, and compare the similarities and differences of stress responses between the shoot and root apical meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kumar V, Wegener M, Knieper M, Kaya A, Viehhauser A, Dietz KJ. Strategies of Molecular Signal Integration for Optimized Plant Acclimation to Stress Combinations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:3-29. [PMID: 38869784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in their natural environment require versatile mitigation of diverse threats. The task is especially challenging due to the largely unpredictable interaction of countless abiotic and biotic factors. To resist an unfavorable environment, plants have evolved diverse sensing, signaling, and adaptive molecular mechanisms. Recent stress studies have identified molecular elements like secondary messengers (ROS, Ca2+, etc.), hormones (ABA, JA, etc.), and signaling proteins (SnRK, MAPK, etc.). However, major gaps remain in understanding the interaction between these pathways, and in particular under conditions of stress combinations. Here, we highlight the challenge of defining "stress" in such complex natural scenarios. Therefore, defining stress hallmarks for different combinations is crucial. We discuss three examples of robust and dynamic plant acclimation systems, outlining specific plant responses to complex stress overlaps. (a) The high plasticity of root system architecture is a decisive feature in sustainable crop development in times of global climate change. (b) Similarly, broad sensory abilities and apparent control of cellular metabolism under adverse conditions through retrograde signaling make chloroplasts an ideal hub. Functional specificity of the chloroplast-associated molecular patterns (ChAMPs) under combined stresses needs further focus. (c) The molecular integration of several hormonal signaling pathways, which bring together all cellular information to initiate the adaptive changes, needs resolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Madita Knieper
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armağan Kaya
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Viehhauser
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Dash L, Swaminathan S, Šimura J, Gonzales CLP, Montes C, Solanki N, Mejia L, Ljung K, Zabotina OA, Kelley DR. Changes in cell wall composition due to a pectin biosynthesis enzyme GAUT10 impact root growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2480-2497. [PMID: 37606259 PMCID: PMC10663140 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root development is regulated by multiple dynamic growth cues that require central metabolism pathways such as β-oxidation and auxin. Loss of the pectin biosynthesizing enzyme GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 10 (GAUT10) leads to a short-root phenotype under sucrose-limited conditions. The present study focused on determining the specific contributions of GAUT10 to pectin composition in primary roots and the underlying defects associated with gaut10 roots. Using live-cell microscopy, we determined reduced root growth in gaut10 is due to a reduction in both root apical meristem size and epidermal cell elongation. In addition, GAUT10 was required for normal pectin and hemicellulose composition in primary Arabidopsis roots. Specifically, loss of GAUT10 led to a reduction in galacturonic acid and xylose in root cell walls and altered the presence of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and homogalacturonan (HG) polymers in the root. Transcriptomic analysis of gaut10 roots compared to wild type uncovered hundreds of genes differentially expressed in the mutant, including genes related to auxin metabolism and peroxisome function. Consistent with these results, both auxin signaling and metabolism were modified in gaut10 roots. The sucrose-dependent short-root phenotype in gaut10 was linked to β-oxidation based on hypersensitivity to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and an epistatic interaction with TRANSPORTER OF IBA1 (TOB1). Altogether, these data support a growing body of evidence suggesting that pectin composition may influence auxin pathways and peroxisome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sivakumar Swaminathan
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
| | - Caitlin Leigh P Gonzales
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christian Montes
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Neel Solanki
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ludvin Mejia
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
| | - Olga A Zabotina
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
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7
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Liu H. Fumonisin B1 as a Tool to Explore Sphingolipid Roles in Arabidopsis Primary Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12925. [PMID: 36361715 PMCID: PMC9654530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin that is structurally analogous to sphinganine and sphingosine and inhibits the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids by repressing ceramide synthase. Based on the connection between FB1 and sphingolipid metabolism, FB1 has been widely used as a tool to explore the multiple functions of sphingolipids in mammalian and plant cells. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of sphingolipids on primary root development by exposing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to FB1. We show that FB1 decreases the expression levels of several PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes and the key stem cell niche (SCN)-defining transcription factor genes WUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) and PLETHORAs (PLTs), resulting in the loss of quiescent center (QC) identity and SCN maintenance, as well as stunted root growth. In addition, FB1 induces cell death at the root apical meristem in a non-cell-type-specific manner. We propose that sphingolipids play a key role in primary root growth through the maintenance of the root SCN and the amelioration of cell death in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Partap M, Warghat AR, Kumar S. Cambial meristematic cell culture: a sustainable technology toward in vitro specialized metabolites production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35658789 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2055995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) culture has received a fair share of scientific and industrial attention among the trending topics of plant cell culture, especially their potential toward secondary metabolites production. However, the conventional plant cell culture is often not commercially feasible because of difficulties associated with culture dedifferentiated cells. Several reports have been published to culture CMCs and bypass the dedifferentiation process in plant cell culture. Numerous mitochondria, multiple vacuoles, genetic stability, self-renewal, higher biomass, and stable metabolites accumulation are the characteristics features of CMCs compared with dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) culture. The CMCs culture has a broader application to produce large-scale natural compounds for: pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetic industries. Cutting-edge progress in plant cellular and molecular biology has allowed unprecedented insights into cambial stem cell culture and its fundamental processes. Therefore, regarding sustainability and natural compound production, cambial cell culture ranks among the most vital biotechnological interventions for industrial and economic perspectives. This review highlights the recent advances in plant stem cell culture and understands the cambial cells induction and culture mechanisms that affect the growth and natural compounds production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish R Warghat
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Naumann C, Heisters M, Brandt W, Janitza P, Alfs C, Tang N, Toto Nienguesso A, Ziegler J, Imre R, Mechtler K, Dagdas Y, Hoehenwarter W, Sawers G, Quint M, Abel S. Bacterial-type ferroxidase tunes iron-dependent phosphate sensing during Arabidopsis root development. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2189-2205.e6. [PMID: 35472311 PMCID: PMC9168544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Access to inorganic phosphate (Pi), a principal intermediate of energy and nucleotide metabolism, profoundly affects cellular activities and plant performance. In most soils, antagonistic Pi-metal interactions restrict Pi bioavailability, which guides local root development to maximize Pi interception. Growing root tips scout the essential but immobile mineral nutrient; however, the mechanisms monitoring external Pi status are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT 1 (LPR1), one key determinant of Fe-dependent Pi sensing in root meristems, encodes a novel ferroxidase of high substrate specificity and affinity (apparent KM ∼ 2 μM Fe2+). LPR1 typifies an ancient, Fe-oxidizing multicopper protein family that evolved early upon bacterial land colonization. The ancestor of streptophyte algae and embryophytes (land plants) acquired LPR1-type ferroxidase from soil bacteria via horizontal gene transfer, a hypothesis supported by phylogenomics, homology modeling, and biochemistry. Our molecular and kinetic data on LPR1 regulation indicate that Pi-dependent Fe substrate availability determines LPR1 activity and function. Guided by the metabolic lifestyle of extant sister bacterial genera, we propose that Arabidopsis LPR1 monitors subtle concentration differentials of external Fe availability as a Pi-dependent cue to adjust root meristem maintenance via Fe redox signaling and cell wall modification. We further hypothesize that the acquisition of bacterial LPR1-type ferroxidase by embryophyte progenitors facilitated the evolution of local Pi sensing and acquisition during plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcus Heisters
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Philipp Janitza
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nancy Tang
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alicia Toto Nienguesso
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard Imre
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gary Sawers
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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10
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Liu BR, Zheng HR, Jiang XJ, Zhang PZ, Wei GZ. Serratene triterpenoids from Lycopodium cernuum L. as α-glucosidase inhibitors: Identification, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 185:112702. [PMID: 34953266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Lycopodium cernuum L. afforded seven undescribed serratene triterpenoids named 3β, 21β-dihydroxyserra-14-en-24-oic acid-3β-(5'-hydroxybenzoate) (1), 3β, 21β, 24-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-3β-(5'-hydroxyl benzoate) (2), 3β, 14α, 15α, 21β-tetrahydroxyserratane-24-methyl ester (3), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate)-24-methyl ester (4), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate) (5), 3β-hydroxy-21β-acetate-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (6), 3β, 21β-dihydroxy-16α, 29-epoxyserrat-14-en-24-methyl ester (7), together with eleven known compounds (8-18), whose chemical structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis of HRESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and comparison between the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity for the first time. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, and 16 were among the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 23.22 ± 0.64 to 50.65 ± 0.82 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the combined properties of the 5-hydroxybenzoate moiety at C-3, β-OH at C-21, COOH- at C-24, and Δ14,15 groups enabled an increase in the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that the potential inhibitors mainly interact with key amino acid residues in the active site of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, 061100, PR China; College of Public Heath, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063503, PR China
| | - Hai-Rong Zheng
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xian-Jun Jiang
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Pu-Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM. Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Guo-Zhu Wei
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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11
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Pratap A, Kumar S, Polowick PL, Blair MW, Baum M. Editorial: Accelerating Genetic Gains in Pulses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879377. [PMID: 35463449 PMCID: PMC9025562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Pratap
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kanpur, India
- *Correspondence: Aditya Pratap ; orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-0953
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Matthew W. Blair
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael Baum
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Kościelniak P, Glazińska P, Kȩsy J, Zadworny M. Formation and Development of Taproots in Deciduous Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:772567. [PMID: 34925417 PMCID: PMC8675582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.772567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees are generally long-lived and are therefore exposed to numerous episodes of external stimuli and adverse environmental conditions. In certain trees e.g., oaks, taproots evolved to increase the tree's ability to acquire water from deeper soil layers. Despite the significant role of taproots, little is known about the growth regulation through internal factors (genes, phytohormones, and micro-RNAs), regulating taproot formation and growth, or the effect of external factors, e.g., drought. The interaction of internal and external stimuli, involving complex signaling pathways, regulates taproot growth during tip formation and the regulation of cell division in the root apical meristem (RAM). Assuming that the RAM is the primary regulatory center responsible for taproot growth, factors affecting the RAM function provide fundamental information on the mechanisms affecting taproot development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Glazińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Kȩsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
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13
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Desvoyes B, Echevarría C, Gutierrez C. A perspective on cell proliferation kinetics in the root apical meristem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6708-6715. [PMID: 34159378 PMCID: PMC8513163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis in plants is primarily postembryonic and relies on a strict balance between cell division and cell expansion. The root is a particularly well-suited model to study cell proliferation in detail since the two processes are spatially and temporally separated for all the different tissues. In addition, the root is amenable to detailed microscopic analysis to identify cells progressing through the cell cycle. While it is clear that cell proliferation activity is restricted to the root apical meristem (RAM), understanding cell proliferation kinetics and identifying its parameters have required much effort over many years. Here, we review the main concepts, experimental settings, and findings aimed at obtaining a detailed knowledge of how cells proliferate within the RAM. The combination of novel tools, experimental strategies, and mathematical models has contributed to our current view of cell proliferation in the RAM. We also discuss several lines of research that need to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Echevarría
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhu Y, Hu C, Cui Y, Zeng L, Li S, Zhu M, Meng F, Huang S, Long L, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. Conserved and differentiated functions of CIK receptor kinases in modulating stem cell signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1119-1134. [PMID: 33823234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants, respectively. The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) negative-feedback loop acts as a core pathway controlling SAM homeostasis, while CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 40 (CLE40) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5), homologs of CLV3 and WUS, direct columella stem cell fate. Moreover, CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASES (CIKs) have been shown to be essential for maintaining SAM homeostasis, whereas whether they regulate the distal root meristem remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that CIKs are indispensable for transducing the CLE40 signal to maintain homeostasis of the distal root meristem. We found that the cik mutant roots displayed disrupted quiescent center and delayed columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation. Biochemical assays demonstrated that CIKs interact with ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) in a ligand-independent manner and can be phosphorylated by ACR4 in vitro. In addition, the phosphorylation of CIKs can be rapidly induced by CLE40, which partially depends on ACR4. Although CIKs act as conserved and redundant regulators in the SAM and RAM, our results demonstrated that they exhibit differentiated functions in these meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sunjingnan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fanhui Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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15
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The Arabidopsis Root Tip (Phospho)Proteomes at Growth-Promoting versus Growth-Repressing Conditions Reveal Novel Root Growth Regulators. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071665. [PMID: 34359847 PMCID: PMC8303113 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays a dual role in growth regulation and, depending on the tissue and concentration of the hormone, it can either promote or inhibit division and expansion processes in plants. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond transcriptional reprogramming, alternative auxin-controlled mechanisms regulate root growth. Here, we explored the impact of different concentrations of the synthetic auxin NAA that establish growth-promoting and -repressing conditions on the root tip proteome and phosphoproteome, generating a unique resource. From the phosphoproteome data, we pinpointed (novel) growth regulators, such as the RALF34-THE1 module. Our results, together with previously published studies, suggest that auxin, H+-ATPases, cell wall modifications and cell wall sensing receptor-like kinases are tightly embedded in a pathway regulating cell elongation. Furthermore, our study assigned a novel role to MKK2 as a regulator of primary root growth and a (potential) regulator of auxin biosynthesis and signalling, and suggests the importance of the MKK2 Thr31 phosphorylation site for growth regulation in the Arabidopsis root tip.
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16
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Lechón T, Sanz L, Sánchez-Vicente I, Lorenzo O. Nitric Oxide Overproduction by cue1 Mutants Differs on Developmental Stages and Growth Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1484. [PMID: 33158046 PMCID: PMC7692804 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The cue1 nitric oxide (NO) overproducer mutants are impaired in a plastid phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator, mainly expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. cue1 mutants present an increased content of arginine, a precursor of NO in oxidative synthesis processes. However, the pathways of plant NO biosynthesis and signaling have not yet been fully characterized, and the role of CUE1 in these processes is not clear. Here, in an attempt to advance our knowledge regarding NO homeostasis, we performed a deep characterization of the NO production of four different cue1 alleles (cue1-1, cue1-5, cue1-6 and nox1) during seed germination, primary root elongation, and salt stress resistance. Furthermore, we analyzed the production of NO in different carbon sources to improve our understanding of the interplay between carbon metabolism and NO homeostasis. After in vivo NO imaging and spectrofluorometric quantification of the endogenous NO levels of cue1 mutants, we demonstrate that CUE1 does not directly contribute to the rapid NO synthesis during seed imbibition. Although cue1 mutants do not overproduce NO during germination and early plant development, they are able to accumulate NO after the seedling is completely established. Thus, CUE1 regulates NO homeostasis during post-germinative growth to modulate root development in response to carbon metabolism, as different sugars modify root elongation and meristem organization in cue1 mutants. Therefore, cue1 mutants are a useful tool to study the physiological effects of NO in post-germinative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain; (T.L.); (L.S.); (I.S.-V.)
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17
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Kumar V, Vogelsang L, Schmidt RR, Sharma SS, Seidel T, Dietz KJ. Remodeling of Root Growth Under Combined Arsenic and Hypoxia Stress Is Linked to Nutrient Deprivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569687. [PMID: 33193499 PMCID: PMC7644957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture responds to environmental stress. Stress-induced metabolic and nutritional changes affect the endogenous root development program. Transcriptional and translational changes realize the switch between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation, lateral root or root hair formation and root functionality for stress acclimation. The current work explores the effects of stress combination of arsenic toxicity (As) and hypoxia (Hpx) on root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed previously, combined As and Hpx treatment leads to severe nutritional disorder evident from deregulation of root transcriptome and plant mineral contents. Both As and Hpx were identified to pose stress-specific constraints on root development that lead to unique root growth phenotype under their combination. Besides inhibition of root apical meristem (RAM) activity under all stresses, As induced lateral root growth while root hair density and lengths were strongly increased by Hpx and HpxAs-treatments. A dual stimulation of phosphate (Pi)-starvation response was observed for HpxAs-treated plant roots; however, the response under HpxAs aligned more with Hpx than As. Transcriptional evidence along with biochemical data suggests involvement of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; PHR1-dependent systemic signaling. Pi metabolism-related transcripts in close association with cellular iron homeostasis modulate root development under HpxAs. Early redox potential changes in meristematic cells, differential ROS accumulation in root hair zone cell layers and strong deregulation of NADPH oxidases, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases and peroxidases signify a role of redox and ROS signaling in root architecture remodeling under HpxAs. Differential aquaporin expression suggests transmembrane ROS transport to regulate root hair induction and growth. Reorganization of energy metabolism through NO-dependent alternate oxidase, lactate fermentation, and phosphofructokinase seems crucial under HpxAs. TOR and SnRK-signaling network components were potentially involved in control of sustainable utilization of available energy reserves for root hair growth under combined stress as well as recovery on reaeration. Findings are discussed in context of combined stress-induced signaling in regulation of root development in contrast to As and Hpx alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Romy R. Schmidt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shanti S. Sharma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Yoon J, Cho LH, Yang W, Pasriga R, Wu Y, Hong WJ, Bureau C, Wi SJ, Zhang T, Wang R, Zhang D, Jung KH, Park KY, Périn C, Zhao Y, An G. Homeobox transcription factor OsZHD2 promotes root meristem activity in rice by inducing ethylene biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5348-5364. [PMID: 32449922 PMCID: PMC7501826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Root meristem activity is the most critical process influencing root development. Although several factors that regulate meristem activity have been identified in rice, studies on the enhancement of meristem activity in roots are limited. We identified a T-DNA activation tagging line of a zinc-finger homeobox gene, OsZHD2, which has longer seminal and lateral roots due to increased meristem activity. The phenotypes were confirmed in transgenic plants overexpressing OsZHD2. In addition, the overexpressing plants showed enhanced grain yield under low nutrient and paddy field conditions. OsZHD2 was preferentially expressed in the shoot apical meristem and root tips. Transcriptome analyses and quantitative real-time PCR experiments on roots from the activation tagging line and the wild type showed that genes for ethylene biosynthesis were up-regulated in the activation line. Ethylene levels were higher in the activation lines compared with the wild type. ChIP assay results suggested that OsZHD2 induces ethylene biosynthesis by controlling ACS5 directly. Treatment with ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), an ethylene precursor, induced the expression of the DR5 reporter at the root tip and stele, whereas treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine), decreased that expression in both the wild type and the OsZHD2 overexpression line. These observations suggest that OsZHD2 enhances root meristem activity by influencing ethylene biosynthesis and, in turn, auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Department of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Charlotte Bureau
- Agricultural Research Centre For International Development, Paris, France
| | - Soo Jin Wi
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Christophe Périn
- Agricultural Research Centre For International Development, Paris, France
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Correspondence:
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19
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Guimarães PHR, de Lima IP, de Castro AP, Lanna AC, Guimarães Santos Melo P, de Raïssac M. Phenotyping Root Systems in a Set of Japonica Rice Accessions: Can Structural Traits Predict the Response to Drought? RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:67. [PMID: 32930888 PMCID: PMC7492358 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root system plays a major role in plant growth and development and root system architecture is reported to be the main trait related to plant adaptation to drought. However, phenotyping root systems in situ is not suited to high-throughput methods, leading to the development of non-destructive methods for evaluations in more or less controlled root environments. This study used a root phenotyping platform with a panel of 20 japonica rice accessions in order to: (i) assess their genetic diversity for a set of structural and morphological root traits and classify the different types; (ii) analyze the plastic response of their root system to a water deficit at reproductive phase and (iii) explore the ability of the platform for high-throughput phenotyping of root structure and morphology. RESULTS High variability for the studied root traits was found in the reduced set of accessions. Using eight selected traits under irrigated conditions, five root clusters were found that differed in root thickness, branching index and the pattern of fine and thick root distribution along the profile. When water deficit occurred at reproductive phase, some accessions significantly reduced root growth compared to the irrigated treatment, while others stimulated it. It was found that root cluster, as defined under irrigated conditions, could not predict the plastic response of roots under drought. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the possibility of reconstructing the structure of root systems from scanned images. It was thus possible to significantly class root systems according to simple structural traits, opening up the way for using such a platform for medium to high-throughput phenotyping. The study also highlighted the uncoupling between root structures under non-limiting water conditions and their response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Pereira de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Cristina Lanna
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, km 12, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel de Raïssac
- Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, AGAP, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Montesinos JC, Abuzeineh A, Kopf A, Juanes-Garcia A, Ötvös K, Petrášek J, Sixt M, Benková E. Phytohormone cytokinin guides microtubule dynamics during cell progression from proliferative to differentiated stage. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104238. [PMID: 32667089 PMCID: PMC7459425 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell production and differentiation for the acquisition of specific functions are key features of living systems. The dynamic network of cellular microtubules provides the necessary platform to accommodate processes associated with the transition of cells through the individual phases of cytogenesis. Here, we show that the plant hormone cytokinin fine‐tunes the activity of the microtubular cytoskeleton during cell differentiation and counteracts microtubular rearrangements driven by the hormone auxin. The endogenous upward gradient of cytokinin activity along the longitudinal growth axis in Arabidopsis thaliana roots correlates with robust rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton in epidermal cells progressing from the proliferative to the differentiation stage. Controlled increases in cytokinin activity result in premature re‐organization of the microtubule network from transversal to an oblique disposition in cells prior to their differentiation, whereas attenuated hormone perception delays cytoskeleton conversion into a configuration typical for differentiated cells. Intriguingly, cytokinin can interfere with microtubules also in animal cells, such as leukocytes, suggesting that a cytokinin‐sensitive control pathway for the microtubular cytoskeleton may be at least partially conserved between plant and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Abuzeineh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
| | - Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alba Juanes-Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.,Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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21
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Arias D, Maldonado J, Silva H, Stange C. A de novo transcriptome analysis revealed that photomorphogenic genes are required for carotenoid synthesis in the dark-grown carrot taproot. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1379-1392. [PMID: 32656704 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are terpenoid pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non-photosynthetic organisms. In plants, these lipophilic compounds are involved in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and phytohormone synthesis. In plants, carotenoid biosynthesis is induced by several environmental factors such as light including photoreceptors, such as phytochromes (PHYs) and negatively regulated by phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs). Daucus carota (carrot) is one of the few plant species that synthesize and accumulate carotenoids in the storage root that grows in darkness. Contrary to other plants, light inhibits secondary root growth and carotenoid accumulation suggesting the existence of new mechanisms repressed by light that regulate both processes. To identify genes induced by dark and repressed by light that regulate carotenoid synthesis and carrot root development, in this work an RNA-Seq analysis was performed from dark- and light-grown carrot roots. Using this high-throughput sequencing methodology, a de novo transcriptome model with 63,164 contigs was obtained, from which 18,488 were differentially expressed (DEG) between the two experimental conditions. Interestingly, light-regulated genes are preferably expressed in dark-grown roots. Enrichment analysis of GO terms with DEGs genes, validation of the transcriptome model and DEG analysis through qPCR allow us to hypothesize that genes involved in photomorphogenesis and light perception such as PHYA, PHYB, PIF3, PAR1, CRY2, FYH3, FAR1 and COP1 participate in the synthesis of carotenoids and carrot storage root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, 8820808, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional & Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, 8820808, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Receptor-like protein kinase-mediated signaling in controlling root meristem homeostasis. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:157-168. [PMID: 36303569 PMCID: PMC9590551 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Generation of the root greatly benefits higher plants living on land. Continuous root growth and development are achieved by the root apical meristem, which acts as a reservoir of stem cells. The stem cells, on the one hand, constantly renew themselves through cell division. On the other hand, they differentiate into functional cells to form diverse tissues of the root. The balance between the maintenance and consumption of the root apical meristem is governed by cell-to-cell communications. Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), a group of signaling molecules localized on the cell surface, have been implicated in sensing multiple endogenous and environmental signals for plant development and stress adaptation. Over the past two decades, various RLKs and their ligands have been revealed to participate in regulating root meristem homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about RLK-mediated signaling in regulating the maintenance and consumption of the root apical meristem.
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23
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Wallner ES, Tonn N, Shi D, Jouannet V, Greb T. SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE 5 promotes secondary phloem formation during radial stem growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:903-915. [PMID: 31910293 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a pre-requisite for constant growth, plants produce vascular tissues at different sites within their post-embryonic body. Interestingly, the formation of vascular tissues during longitudinal and radial expansion of shoot and root axes differs fundamentally with respect to its anatomical configuration. This raises the question to which level regulatory mechanisms of vascular tissue formation are shared throughout plant development. Here, we show that, similar to primary phloem formation during longitudinal growth, the cambium-based formation of secondary phloem depends on the function of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) genes. In particular, local SMXL5 deficiency results in the absence of secondary phloem. Moreover, the additional disruption of SMXL4 activity increases tissue production in the cambium region without secondary phloem being formed. Using promoter-reporter lines, we observed that SMXL4 and SMXL5 activities are associated with different stages of secondary phloem formation in the Arabidopsis stem. Based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling and expression analyses of phloem-related markers, we concluded that early steps of phloem formation are impaired in smxl4;smxl5 double mutants and that the additional cambium-derived cells fail to establish phloem-related features. Our results showed that molecular mechanisms determining primary and secondary phloem formation share important properties, but differ slightly with SMXL5 playing a more dominant role in the formation of secondary phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Sophie Wallner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA
| | - Nina Tonn
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginie Jouannet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chang W, Guo Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Guo L. Same Actor in Different Stages: Genes in Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance and Floral Meristem Determinacy in Arabidopsis. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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25
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Montiel G, Gaudet M, Laurans F, Rozenberg P, Simon M, Gantet P, Jay-Allemand C, Breton C. Overexpression of MADS-box Gene AGAMOUS-LIKE 12 Activates Root Development in Juglans sp. and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040444. [PMID: 32252382 PMCID: PMC7238194 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, the roles of plant MADS-box genes have mainly been characterized during inflorescence and flower differentiation. In order to precise the roles of AGAMOUS-LIKE 12, one of the few MADS-box genes preferentially expressed in roots, we placed its cDNA under the control of the double 35S CaMV promoter to produce transgenic walnut tree and Arabidopsis plants. In Juglans sp., transgenic somatic embryos showed significantly higher germination rates but abnormal development of their shoot apex prevented their conversion into plants. In addition, a wide range of developmental abnormalities corresponding to ectopic root-like structures affected the transgenic lines suggesting partial reorientations of the embryonic program toward root differentiation. In Arabidopsis, AtAGL12 overexpression lead to the production of faster growing plants presenting dramatically wider and shorter root phenotypes linked to increased meristematic cell numbers within the root apex. In the upper part of the roots, abnormal cell divisions patterns within the pericycle layer generated large ectopic cell masses that did not prevent plants to grow. Taken together, our results confirm in both species that AGL12 positively regulates root meristem cell division and promotes overall root vascular tissue formation. Genetic engineering of AGL12 expression levels could be useful to modulate root architecture and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Montiel
- INRAE Val de Loire–Orléans, UMR 0588 BioForA INRAE-ONF, 2163 avenue de la pomme de pin, CS 40001 Ardon, CEDEX 02, 45075 Orléans, France; (G.M.); (M.G.); (F.L.); (P.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (EA 1157), 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Muriel Gaudet
- INRAE Val de Loire–Orléans, UMR 0588 BioForA INRAE-ONF, 2163 avenue de la pomme de pin, CS 40001 Ardon, CEDEX 02, 45075 Orléans, France; (G.M.); (M.G.); (F.L.); (P.R.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Via G. Marconi N. 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Françoise Laurans
- INRAE Val de Loire–Orléans, UMR 0588 BioForA INRAE-ONF, 2163 avenue de la pomme de pin, CS 40001 Ardon, CEDEX 02, 45075 Orléans, France; (G.M.); (M.G.); (F.L.); (P.R.)
| | - Philippe Rozenberg
- INRAE Val de Loire–Orléans, UMR 0588 BioForA INRAE-ONF, 2163 avenue de la pomme de pin, CS 40001 Ardon, CEDEX 02, 45075 Orléans, France; (G.M.); (M.G.); (F.L.); (P.R.)
| | - Matthieu Simon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE-AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Bâtiment 7, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr, CEDEX, 78026 Versailles, France;
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, 911 avenue Agropolis, CEDEX 05, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Christian Jay-Allemand
- Université de Montpellier, UMR IATE (UM, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro), CC024, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Christian Breton
- INRAE Val de Loire–Orléans, UMR 0588 BioForA INRAE-ONF, 2163 avenue de la pomme de pin, CS 40001 Ardon, CEDEX 02, 45075 Orléans, France; (G.M.); (M.G.); (F.L.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-238-41-78-71
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Sun X, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. The physiological mechanism underlying root elongation in response to nitrogen deficiency in crop plants. PLANTA 2020; 251:84. [PMID: 32189077 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In response to low nitrogen stress, multiple hormones together with nitric oxide signaling pathways work synergistically and antagonistically in crop root elongation. Changing root morphology allows plants to adapt to soil nutrient availability. Nitrogen is the most important essential nutrient for plant growth. An important adaptive strategy for crops responding to nitrogen deficiency is root elongation, thereby accessing increased soil space and nitrogen resources. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in this regulatory network, working together to fine-tune root elongation in response to soil nitrogen availability. Based on existing research, we propose a model to explain how different signaling pathways interact to regulate root elongation in response to low nitrogen stress. In response to a low shoot nitrogen status signal, auxin transport from the shoot to the root increases. High auxin levels in the root tip stimulate the production of nitric oxide, which promotes the synthesis of strigolactones to accelerate cell division. In this process, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid play an antagonistic role, while brassinosteroids and auxin play a synergistic role in regulating root elongation. Further study is required to identify the QTLs, genes, and favorable alleles which control the root elongation response to low nitrogen stress in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Mahapatra K, Roy S. An insight into the mechanism of DNA damage response in plants- role of SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1: An overview. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111689. [PMID: 32004947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants are inescapably exposed to various kinds of environmental stresses throughout their lifetime. Therefore, to regulate their growth and development, plants constantly monitor the environmental signals and respond appropriately. However, these environmental stress factors, along with some endogenous metabolites, generated in response to environmental stress factors often induce various forms of DNA damage in plants and thus promote genome instability. To maintain the genomic integrity, plants have developed an extensive, sophisticated and coordinated cellular signaling mechanism known as DNA damage response or DDR. DDR evokes a signaling process which initiates with the sensing of DNA damage and followed by the subsequent activation of downstream pathways in many directions to repair and eliminate the harmful effects of DNA damages. SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), one of the newly identified components of DDR in plant genome, appears to play central role in this signaling network. SOG1 is a member of NAC [NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM), ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)] domain family of transcription factors and involved in a diverse array of function in plants, encompassing transcriptional response to DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoint functions, ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED (ATM) or ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA AND RAD3-RELATED (ATR) mediated activation of DNA damage response and repair, functioning in programmed cell death and regulation of induction of endoreduplication. Although most of the functional studies on SOG1 have been reported in Arabidopsis, some recent reports have indicated diverse functions of SOG1 in various other plant species, including Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Sorghum bicolour, Oryza sativa and Zea mays, respectively. The remarkable functional diversity shown by SOG1 protein indicates its multitasking capacity. In this review, we integrate information mainly related to functional aspects of SOG1 in the context of DDR in plants. Considering the important role of SOG1 in DDR and its functional diversity, in-depth functional study of this crucial regulatory protein can provide further potential information on genome stability maintenance mechanism in plants in the context of changing environmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, 713 104, West Bengal, India.
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Hussain A, Ullah I, Naseem M. Plant-Associated Microbes Alter Root Growth by Modulating Root Apical Meristem. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2094:49-58. [PMID: 31797290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0183-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobacteria are known to produce a variety of signal molecules which may modify plant growth by interfering with phytohormone balance. Among the microbial signals are phytohormones, known to contribute to plant endogenous pool of phytohormones. The current chapter describes different methods to study the regulation of gene expression in root apical meristem in response to rhizobacterial inoculation. We describe protocol for the detection of in planta modulation of CKs and IAA by rhizobacteria and their impact on root growth, dissecting the underlying plant signaling pathway by RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Islamic International University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Li T, Yang S, Kang X, Lei W, Qiao K, Zhang D, Lin H. The bHLH transcription factor gene AtUPB1 regulates growth by mediating cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:565-572. [PMID: 31445703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth, development and interaction with the environment involve the action of transcription factor. bHLH proteins play an essential and often conserved role in the plant kingdom. However, bHLH proteins that participate in the cell division process are less well known. Here, we report that the bHLH transcription factor gene AtUPB1 is involved in mediating cell cycle progression and root development. In yeast cells, AtUPB1 inhibits cells proliferation and the cells had increased numbers of nuclei. UPB1 overexpression decreased the expression of the cell division marker CYCB1-1, and CDKA1 expression could overcome the defect of UPB1 overexpression. Moreover, UPB1 could directly bind to the promoter region of the SIM and SMR1 genes to regulate cell cycle. These results support a new role for AtUPB1 regulating root meristem development by mediating the expression of SIM/SMR1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kang Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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30
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Abstract
Symbiotic legume nodules and lateral roots arise away from the root meristem via dedifferentiation events. While these organs share some morphological and developmental similarities, whether legume nodules are modified lateral roots is an open question. We dissected emerging nodules, mature nodules, emerging lateral roots and young lateral roots, and constructed strand-specific RNA sequencing (RNAseq) libraries using polyA-enriched RNA preparations. Root sections above and below these organs, devoid of any lateral organs, were used to construct respective control tissue libraries. High sequence quality, predominant mapping to coding sequences, and consistency between replicates indicated that the RNAseq libraries were of a very high quality. We identified genes enriched in emerging nodules, mature nodules, emerging lateral roots and young lateral roots in soybean by comparing global gene expression profiles between each of these organs and adjacent root segments. Potential uses for this high quality transcriptome data set include generation of global gene regulatory networks to identify key regulators; metabolic pathway analyses and comparative analyses of key gene families to discover organ-specific biological processes; and identification of organ-specific alternate spliced transcripts. When combined with other similar datasets, especially from leguminous plants, these analyses can help answer questions on the evolutionary origins of root nodules and relationships between the development of different plant lateral organs.
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31
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Abstract
Agricultural scientists face the dual challenge of breeding input-responsive, widely adoptable and climate-resilient varieties of crop plants and developing such varieties at a faster pace. Integrating the gains of genomics with modern-day phenomics will lead to increased breeding efficiency which in turn offers great promise to develop such varieties rapidly. Plant phenotyping techniques have impressively evolved during the last two decades. The low-cost, automated and semi-automated methods for data acquisition, storage and analysis are now available which allow precise quantitative analysis of plant structure and function; and genetic dissection of complex traits. Appropriate plant types can now be quickly developed that respond favorably to low input and resource-limited environments and address the challenges of subsistence agriculture. The present review focuses on the need of systematic, rapid, minimal invasive and low-cost plant phenotyping. It also discusses its evolution to modern day high throughput phenotyping (HTP), traits amenable to HTP, integration of HTP with genomics and the scope of utilizing these tools for crop improvement.
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32
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Plant stem cells: what we know and what is anticipated. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2897-2905. [PMID: 30196455 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant stem cell research is of interest due to stem cells ability of unlimited division, therapeutic potential and steady supply to provide precursor cells. Their isolation and culture provides the important source for the production of homogenous lines of active constituents that allow large-scale production of various metabolites. The process of dedifferentiation and reversal to pluripotent cells involves the various pathways genes related to the stem cells and are associated to each other for maintaining a specific niche. Domains such as niche dynamics and maintenance signaling can be used for the identification of genes for stem cell niche. Significant findings have been achieved in the past on plant stem cells however our understanding towards mechanisms underlying some specific phenomenon like dedifferentiation, regulation, niche dynamics is still in infancy. The present review is based on the past research efforts and also pave a way forward for the future anticipation in the field of development of cell cultures for the production of active metabolites on large scale and undertanding transcriptional regulation of stem cell genes involved in niche signaling.
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Abstract
Plant health and development are directly depending on a plant's ability to react to a constantly changing environment. Sensing of water and nutrition levels and of the biotic environment is vital for a plant, making the root one of the key plant organs. Proteins are the key molecules that play numerous roles in a cell's everyday life. Quantitative proteome profiling of roots can provide a global overview on the molecular regulatory mechanisms and networks involved in plant growth and development and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Here, we provide a detailed proteomics workflow on Arabidopsis thaliana roots from plant growth up to proteomics data analysis.
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34
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Nelissen H, Sun X, Rymen B, Jikumaru Y, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Abbeloos R, Demuynck K, Storme V, Vuylsteke M, De Block J, Herman D, Coppens F, Maere S, Kamiya Y, Sakakibara H, Beemster GT, Inzé D. The reduction in maize leaf growth under mild drought affects the transition between cell division and cell expansion and cannot be restored by elevated gibberellic acid levels. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:615-627. [PMID: 28730636 PMCID: PMC5787831 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth is characterized by the interplay between cell division and cell expansion, two processes that occur separated along the growth zone at the maize leaf. To gain further insight into the transition between cell division and cell expansion, conditions were investigated in which the position of this transition zone was positively or negatively affected. High levels of gibberellic acid (GA) in plants overexpressing the GA biosynthesis gene GA20-OXIDASE (GA20OX-1OE ) shifted the transition zone more distally, whereas mild drought, which is associated with lowered GA biosynthesis, resulted in a more basal positioning. However, the increased levels of GA in the GA20OX-1OE line were insufficient to convey tolerance to the mild drought treatment, indicating that another mechanism in addition to lowered GA levels is restricting growth during drought. Transcriptome analysis with high spatial resolution indicated that mild drought specifically induces a reprogramming of transcriptional regulation in the division zone. 'Leaf Growth Viewer' was developed as an online searchable tool containing the high-resolution data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Xiao‐Huan Sun
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Bart Rymen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Growth Regulation Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Mikko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Rafael Abbeloos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- Growth Regulation Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research GroupPlant Science CenterRIKENYokohamaJapan
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
- Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Center for Plant Systems BiologyVIBGentBelgium
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Pavelescu I, Vilarrasa-Blasi J, Planas-Riverola A, González-García MP, Caño-Delgado AI, Ibañes M. A Sizer model for cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana root growth. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e7687. [PMID: 29321184 PMCID: PMC5787709 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots grow due to cell division in the meristem and subsequent cell elongation and differentiation, a tightly coordinated process that ensures growth and adaptation to the changing environment. How the newly formed cells decide to stop elongating becoming fully differentiated is not yet understood. To address this question, we established a novel approach that combines the quantitative phenotypic variability of wild‐type Arabidopsis roots with computational data from mathematical models. Our analyses reveal that primary root growth is consistent with a Sizer mechanism, in which cells sense their length and stop elongating when reaching a threshold value. The local expression of brassinosteroid receptors only in the meristem is sufficient to set this value. Analysis of roots insensitive to BR signaling and of roots with gibberellin biosynthesis inhibited suggests distinct roles of these hormones on cell expansion termination. Overall, our study underscores the value of using computational modeling together with quantitative data to understand root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pavelescu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainoa Planas-Riverola
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary-Paz González-García
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Caño-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ibañes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS) Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rast-Somssich MI, Žádníková P, Schmid S, Kieffer M, Kepinski S, Simon R. The Arabidopsis JAGGED LATERAL ORGANS (JLO) gene sensitizes plants to auxin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2741-2755. [PMID: 28472464 PMCID: PMC5853575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development of new organs depend on the continuous activity of the meristems. In the shoot, patterns of organ initiation are determined by PINFORMED (PIN)-dependent auxin distribution, while the undifferentiated state of meristem cells requires activity of KNOTTED LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) transcription factors. Cell proliferation and differentiation of the root meristem are regulated by the largely antagonistic functions of auxin and cytokinins. It has previously been shown that the transcription factor JAGGED LATERAL ORGANS (JLO), a member of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN (LBD) family, coordinates KNOX and PIN expression in the shoot and promotes root meristem growth. Here we show that JLO is required for the establishment of the root stem cell niche, where it interacts with the auxin/PLETHORA pathway. Auxin signaling involves the AUX/IAA co-repressor proteins, ARF transcription factors and F-box receptors of the TIR1/AFB1-5 family. Because jlo mutants fail to degrade the AUX/IAA protein BODENLOS, root meristem development is inhibited. We also demonstrate that the expression levels of two auxin receptors, TIR1 and AFB1, are controlled by JLO dosage, and that the shoot and root defects of jlo mutants are alleviated in jlo plants expressing TIR1 and AFB1 from a transgene. The finding that the auxin sensitivity of a plant can be differentially regulated through control of auxin receptor expression can explain how different developmental processes can be integrated by the activity of a key transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen I Rast-Somssich
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität, Universitätstrasse, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität, Universitätstrasse, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität, Universitätstrasse, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kieffer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität, Universitätstrasse, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Li G, Zou W, Jian L, Qian J, Deng Y, Zhao J. Non-SMC elements 1 and 3 are required for early embryo and seedling development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1039-1054. [PMID: 28207059 PMCID: PMC5441860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early embryo development from the zygote is an essential stage in the formation of the seed, while seedling development is the beginning of the formation of an individual plant. AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 are subunits of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) 5/6 complex and have been identified as non-SMC elements, but their functions in Arabidopsis growth and development remain as yet unknown. In this study, we found that loss of function of AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 led to severe defects in early embryo development. Partially complemented mutants showed that the development of mutant seedlings was inhibited, that chromosome fragments occurred during anaphase, and that the cell cycle was delayed at G2/M, which led to the occurrence of endoreduplication. Further, a large number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurred in the nse1 and nse3 mutants, and the expression of AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 was up-regulated following treatment of the plants with DSB inducer compounds, suggesting that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 have a role in DNA damage repair. Therefore, we conclude that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 facilitate DSB repair and contribute to maintaining genome stability and cell division in mitotic cells. Thus, we think that AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 may be crucial factors for maintaining proper early embryonic and post-embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liufang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yingtian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Van Leene J, Blomme J, Kulkarni SR, Cannoot B, De Winne N, Eeckhout D, Persiau G, Van De Slijke E, Vercruysse L, Vanden Bossche R, Heyndrickx KS, Vanneste S, Goossens A, Gevaert K, Vandepoele K, Gonzalez N, Inzé D, De Jaeger G. Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis transcription factor bZIP29 reveals its role in leaf and root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5825-5840. [PMID: 27660483 PMCID: PMC5066499 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant bZIP group I transcription factors have been reported mainly for their role during vascular development and osmosensory responses. Interestingly, bZIP29 has been identified in a cell cycle interactome, indicating additional functions of bZIP29 in plant development. Here, bZIP29 was functionally characterized to study its role during plant development. It is not present in vascular tissue but is specifically expressed in proliferative tissues. Genome-wide mapping of bZIP29 target genes confirmed its role in stress and osmosensory responses, but also identified specific binding to several core cell cycle genes and to genes involved in cell wall organization. bZIP29 protein complex analyses validated interaction with other bZIP group I members and provided insight into regulatory mechanisms acting on bZIP dimers. In agreement with bZIP29 expression in proliferative tissues and with its binding to promoters of cell cycle regulators, dominant-negative repression of bZIP29 altered the cell number in leaves and in the root meristem. A transcriptome analysis on the root meristem, however, indicated that bZIP29 might regulate cell number through control of cell wall organization. Finally, ectopic dominant-negative repression of bZIP29 and redundant factors led to a seedling-lethal phenotype, pointing to essential roles for bZIP group I factors early in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Shubhada R Kulkarni
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van De Slijke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Leen Vercruysse
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Robin Vanden Bossche
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ken S Heyndrickx
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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39
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Clark NM, Hinde E, Winter CM, Fisher AP, Crosti G, Blilou I, Gratton E, Benfey PN, Sozzani R. Tracking transcription factor mobility and interaction in Arabidopsis roots with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27288545 PMCID: PMC4946880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand complex regulatory processes in multicellular organisms, it is critical to be able to quantitatively analyze protein movement and protein-protein interactions in time and space. During Arabidopsis development, the intercellular movement of SHORTROOT (SHR) and subsequent interaction with its downstream target SCARECROW (SCR) control root patterning and cell fate specification. However, quantitative information about the spatio-temporal dynamics of SHR movement and SHR-SCR interaction is currently unavailable. Here, we quantify parameters including SHR mobility, oligomeric state, and association with SCR using a combination of Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) techniques. We then incorporate these parameters into a mathematical model of SHR and SCR, which shows that SHR reaches a steady state in minutes, while SCR and the SHR-SCR complex reach a steady-state between 18 and 24 hr. Our model reveals the timing of SHR and SCR dynamics and allows us to understand how protein movement and protein-protein stoichiometry contribute to development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Cara M Winter
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Adam P Fisher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
| | - Giuseppe Crosti
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
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40
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Fisher AP, Sozzani R. Uncovering the networks involved in stem cell maintenance and asymmetric cell division in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:38-43. [PMID: 26707611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are the source of different cell types and tissues in all multicellular organisms. In plants, the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation of their progeny is crucial for correct tissue and organ formation. How transcriptional programs precisely control stem cell maintenance and identity, and what are the regulatory programs influencing stem cell asymmetric cell division (ACD), are key questions that researchers have sought to address for the past decade. Successful efforts in genetic, molecular, and developmental biology, along with mathematical modeling, have identified some of the players involved in stem cell regulation. In this review, we will discuss several studies that characterized many of the genetic programs and molecular mechanisms regulating stem cell ACD and their identity in the Arabidopsis root. We will also highlight how the growing use of mathematical modeling provides a comprehensive and quantitative perspective on the design rules governing stem cell ACDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Fisher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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41
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Dong B, Yang X, Zhu S, Bassham DC, Fang N. Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Imaging of Microtubule Arrays in Intact Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Roots. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15694. [PMID: 26503365 PMCID: PMC4621606 DOI: 10.1038/srep15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has generated tremendous success in revealing detailed subcellular structures in animal cells. However, its application to plant cell biology remains extremely limited due to numerous technical challenges, including the generally high fluorescence background of plant cells and the presence of the cell wall. In the current study, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging of intact Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots with a spatial resolution of 20-40 nm was demonstrated. Using the super-resolution images, the spatial organization of cortical microtubules in different parts of a whole Arabidopsis root tip was analyzed quantitatively, and the results show the dramatic differences in the density and spatial organization of cortical microtubules in cells of different differentiation stages or types. The method developed can be applied to plant cell biological processes, including imaging of additional elements of the cytoskeleton, organelle substructure, and membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Xiaochen Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Shaobin Zhu
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3965, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
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42
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Abscisic Acid: Hidden Architect of Root System Structure. PLANTS 2015; 4:548-72. [PMID: 27135341 PMCID: PMC4844405 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants modulate root growth in response to changes in the local environment, guided by intrinsic developmental genetic programs. The hormone Abscisic Acid (ABA) mediates responses to different environmental factors, such as the presence of nitrate in the soil, water stress and salt, shaping the structure of the root system by regulating the production of lateral roots as well as controlling root elongation by modulating cell division and elongation. Curiously, ABA controls different aspects of root architecture in different plant species, perhaps providing some insight into the great diversity of root architecture in different plants, both from different taxa and from different environments. ABA is an ancient signaling pathway, acquired well before the diversification of land plants. Nonetheless, how this ancient signaling module is implemented or interacts within a larger signaling network appears to vary in different species. This review will examine the role of ABA in the control of root architecture, focusing on the regulation of lateral root formation in three plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula and Oryza sativa. We will consider how the implementation of the ABA signaling module might be a target of natural selection, to help contribute to the diversity of root architecture in nature.
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43
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Ren H, Gray WM. SAUR Proteins as Effectors of Hormonal and Environmental Signals in Plant Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1153-64. [PMID: 25983207 PMCID: PMC5124491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Early auxin response genes mediate its genomic effects on plant growth and development. Discovered in 1987, small auxin up RNAs (SAURs) are the largest family of early auxin response genes. SAUR functions have remained elusive, however, presumably due to extensive genetic redundancy. However, recent molecular, genetic, biochemical, and genomic studies have implicated SAURs in the regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes. Recently, crucial mechanistic insight into SAUR function was provided by the demonstration that SAURs inhibit PP2C.D phosphatases to activate plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases and promote cell expansion. In addition to auxin, several other hormones and environmental factors also regulate SAUR gene expression. We propose that SAURs are key effector outputs of hormonal and environmental signals that regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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44
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Jiang F, Feng Z, Liu H, Zhu J. Involvement of Plant Stem Cells or Stem Cell-Like Cells in Dedifferentiation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1028. [PMID: 26635851 PMCID: PMC4649052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation is the transformation of cells from a given differentiated state to a less differentiated or stem cell-like state. Stem cell-related genes play important roles in dedifferentiation, which exhibits similar histone modification and DNA methylation features to stem cell maintenance. Hence, stem cell-related factors possibly synergistically function to provide a specific niche beneficial to dedifferentiation. During callus formation in Arabidopsis petioles, cells adjacent to procambium cells (stem cell-like cells) are dedifferentiated and survive more easily than other cell types. This finding indicates that stem cells or stem cell-like cells may influence the dedifferentiating niche. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of stem cell maintenance and dedifferentiation regulation. We also summarize current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the balance between differentiation and dedifferentiation. Furthermore, we discuss the correlation of stem cells or stem cell-like cells with dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hailiang Liu, ; Jian Zhu,
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hailiang Liu, ; Jian Zhu,
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45
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Ruan Y, Wasteneys GO. CLASP: a microtubule-based integrator of the hormone-mediated transitions from cell division to elongation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:149-158. [PMID: 25460080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants use robust mechanisms to optimize organ size to prevailing conditions. Modulating the transition from cell division to elongation dramatically affects morphology and size. Although it is well established that auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid mediate these transitions, recent works show that the cytoskeleton, which is normally thought to act downstream of these hormones, plays a key role in this regulatory process. In particular, the microtubule-associated protein CLASP has a dual role in meristem maintenance. CLASP modulates levels of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 by tethering SNX1 endosomes to cortical microtubules, which in turn fine tunes auxin maxima in the root apical meristem. CLASP is also required for transfacial microtubule bundle formation at the sharp cell edges, a feature strongly associated with maintaining the capacity for further cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey O Wasteneys
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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46
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Kajala K, Ramakrishna P, Fisher A, C. Bergmann D, De Smet I, Sozzani R, Weijers D, Brady SM. Omics and modelling approaches for understanding regulation of asymmetric cell divisions in arabidopsis and other angiosperm plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:1083-1105. [PMID: 24825294 PMCID: PMC4030820 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric cell divisions are formative divisions that generate daughter cells of distinct identity. These divisions are coordinated by either extrinsic ('niche-controlled') or intrinsic regulatory mechanisms and are fundamentally important in plant development. SCOPE This review describes how asymmetric cell divisions are regulated during development and in different cell types in both the root and the shoot of plants. It further highlights ways in which omics and modelling approaches have been used to elucidate these regulatory mechanisms. For example, the regulation of embryonic asymmetric divisions is described, including the first divisions of the zygote, formative vascular divisions and divisions that give rise to the root stem cell niche. Asymmetric divisions of the root cortex endodermis initial, pericycle cells that give rise to the lateral root primordium, procambium, cambium and stomatal cells are also discussed. Finally, a perspective is provided regarding the role of other hormones or regulatory molecules in asymmetric divisions, the presence of segregated determinants and the usefulness of modelling approaches in understanding network dynamics within these very special cells. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric cell divisions define plant development. High-throughput genomic and modelling approaches can elucidate their regulation, which in turn could enable the engineering of plant traits such as stomatal density, lateral root development and wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priya Ramakrishna
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Adam Fisher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dominique C. Bergmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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47
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Clark NM, de Luis Balaguer MA, Sozzani R. Experimental data and computational modeling link auxin gradient and development in the Arabidopsis root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:328. [PMID: 25071810 PMCID: PMC4083358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an auxin gradient in the Arabidopsis root is crucial for proper root development and importantly, for stem cell niche (SCN) maintenance. Subsequently, developmental pathways in the root SCN regulate the formation of the auxin gradient. Combinations of experimental data and computational modeling enable the identification of pathways involved in establishing and maintaining the auxin gradient. We describe how the predictive power of these computational models is used to find how genes and their interactions tightly control the formation of an auxin maximum in the SCN. In addition, we highlight known connections between signaling pathways involving auxin and controlling patterning and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosangela Sozzani
- *Correspondence: Rosangela Sozzani, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 2577 Thomas Hall, P. O. Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA e-mail:
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48
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Perianez-Rodriguez J, Manzano C, Moreno-Risueno MA. Post-embryonic organogenesis and plant regeneration from tissues: two sides of the same coin? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:219. [PMID: 24904615 PMCID: PMC4033269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have extraordinary developmental plasticity as they continuously form organs during post-embryonic development. In addition they may regenerate organs upon in vitro hormonal induction. Advances in the field of plant regeneration show that the first steps of de novo organogenesis through in vitro culture in hormone containing media (via formation of a proliferating mass of cells or callus) require root post-embryonic developmental programs as well as regulators of auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways. We review how hormonal regulation is delivered during lateral root initiation and callus formation. Implications in reprograming, cell fate and pluripotency acquisition are discussed. Finally, we analyze the function of cell cycle regulators and connections with epigenetic regulation. Future work dissecting plant organogenesis driven by both endogenous and exogenous cues (upon hormonal induction) may reveal new paradigms of common regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel A. Moreno-Risueno
- *Correspondence: Miguel A. Moreno-Risueno, Department of Biotechnology, Center for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Parque Cientïfico y Tecnológico de la U.P.M., Campus de Montegancedo, C/M-40 km 38 s/n, 28223 Madrid, Spain e-mail:
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