1
|
Khalkho JP, Beck A, Priyanka, Panda B, Chandra R. Microbial allies: exploring fungal endophytes for biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:340. [PMID: 38960981 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) are natural compounds found in medicinal plants that exhibit various therapeutic activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-helminthic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the production of these alkaloids in plants is limited, and there is a high demand for them due to the increasing incidence of cancer cases. To address this research gap, researchers have focused on optimizing culture media, eliciting metabolic pathways, overexpressing genes, and searching for potential sources of TIAs in organisms other than plants. The insufficient number of essential genes and enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway is the reason behind the limited production of TIAs. As the field of natural product discovery from biological species continues to grow, endophytes are being investigated more and more as potential sources of bioactive metabolites with a variety of chemical structures. Endophytes are microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, archaea, and actinomycetes), that exert a significant influence on the metabolic pathways of both the host plants and the endophytic cells. Bio-prospection of fungal endophytes has shown the discovery of novel, high-value bioactive compounds of commercial significance. The discovery of therapeutically significant secondary metabolites has been made easier by endophytic entities' abundant but understudied diversity. It has been observed that fungal endophytes have better intermediate processing ability due to cellular compartmentation. This paper focuses on fungal endophytes and their metabolic ability to produce complex TIAs, recent advancements in this area, and addressing the limitations and future perspectives related to TIA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prabha Khalkho
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Abhishek Beck
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Banishree Panda
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rezaul Islam M, Akash S, Murshedul Islam M, Sarkar N, Kumer A, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Ahmed Al-Shaeri M, Anwar Y, Wilairatana P, Rauf A, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Khan H. Alkaloids as drug leads in Alzheimer's treatment: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148886. [PMID: 38582413 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood-brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Murshedul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- State Disease Investigation Laboratory, ARDD, Abhoynagar, Agartala, West Tripura, Pin-799005, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frezza C, Nicolosi RM, Brasili E, Mura F, De Vita D. Occurrence and Biological Activities of Seco-Iridoids from Jasminum L. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400254. [PMID: 38426938 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the first complete review on the seco-iridoids from the genus Jasminum L. was presented. In particular, their occurrence in the genus was detailed together with their biological activities. The literature survey has clearly pointed out that only a few Jasminum species have been studied for their seco-iridoid content evidencing oleoside derivatives as main compounds. In addition, the biological studies performed on them are very scarce focusing mainly on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays with modest effectiveness. All these results greatly underline the need for further in-depth analyses on these compounds under both the aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Maria Nicolosi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Brasili
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Lyu R, Singleton JJ, Patra B, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. A Cotyledon-based Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (Cotyledon-VIGS) approach to study specialized metabolism in medicinal plants. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:26. [PMID: 38347628 PMCID: PMC10860238 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is widely used in plant functional genomics. However, the efficiency of VIGS in young plantlets varies across plant species. Additionally, VIGS is not optimized for many plant species, especially medicinal plants that produce valuable specialized metabolites. RESULTS We evaluated the efficacy of five-day-old, etiolated seedlings of Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) for VIGS. The seedlings were vacuum-infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 cells carrying the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vectors. The protoporphyrin IX magnesium chelatase subunit H (ChlH) gene, a key gene in chlorophyll biosynthesis, was used as the target for VIGS, and we observed yellow cotyledons 6 days after infiltration. As expected, the expression of CrChlH and the chlorophyll contents of the cotyledons were significantly decreased after VIGS. To validate the cotyledon based-VIGS method, we silenced the genes encoding several transcriptional regulators of the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthesis in C. roseus, including two activators (CrGATA1 and CrMYC2) and two repressors (CrGBF1 and CrGBF2). Silencing CrGATA1 led to downregulation of the vindoline pathway genes (T3O, T3R, and DAT) and decreased vindoline contents in cotyledons. Silencing CrMYC2, followed by elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), resulted in the downregulation of ORCA2 and ORCA3. We also co-infiltrated C. roseus seedlings with TRV vectors that silence both CrGBF1 and CrGBF2 and overexpress CrMYC2, aiming to simultaneous silencing two repressors while overexpressing an activator. The simultaneous manipulation of repressors and activator resulted in significant upregulation of the TIA pathway genes. To demonstrate the broad application of the cotyledon-based VIGS method, we optimized the method for two other valuable medicinal plants, Glycyrrhiza inflata (licorice) and Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood). When TRV vectors carrying the fragments of the ChlH genes were infiltrated into the seedlings of these plants, we observed yellow cotyledons with decreased chlorophyll contents. CONCLUSIONS The widely applicable cotyledon-based VIGS method is faster, more efficient, and easily accessible to additional treatments than the traditional VIGS method. It can be combined with transient gene overexpression to achieve simultaneous up- and down-regulation of desired genes in non-model plants. This method provides a powerful tool for functional genomics of medicinal plants, facilitating the discovery and production of valuable therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Ruiqing Lyu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Joshua J Singleton
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guedes JG, Ribeiro R, Carqueijeiro I, Guimarães AL, Bispo C, Archer J, Azevedo H, Fonseca NA, Sottomayor M. The leaf idioblastome of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus is associated with stress resistance and alkaloid metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:274-299. [PMID: 37804484 PMCID: PMC10735432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus leaves produce a range of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) that include low levels of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The MIA pathway displays a complex architecture spanning different subcellular and cell type localizations, and is under complex regulation. As a result, the development of strategies to increase the levels of the anticancer MIAs has remained elusive. The pathway involves mesophyll specialized idioblasts where the late unsolved biosynthetic steps are thought to occur. Here, protoplasts of C. roseus leaf idioblasts were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their differential alkaloid and transcriptomic profiles were characterized. This involved the assembly of an improved C. roseus transcriptome from short- and long-read data, IDIO+. It was observed that C. roseus mesophyll idioblasts possess a distinctive transcriptomic profile associated with protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, and indicative that this cell type is a carbon sink, in contrast to surrounding mesophyll cells. Moreover, it is shown that idioblasts are a hotspot of alkaloid accumulation, suggesting that their transcriptome may hold the key to the in-depth understanding of the MIA pathway and the success of strategies leading to higher levels of the anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana G Guedes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogério Ribeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Guimarães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Bispo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - John Archer
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Sottomayor
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tominaga T, Ueno K, Saito H, Egusa M, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Kaminaka H. Monoterpene glucosides in Eustoma grandiflorum roots promote hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2677-2690. [PMID: 37655911 PMCID: PMC10663111 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Host plant-derived strigolactones trigger hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, initiating a symbiotic interaction between land plants and AM fungi. However, our previous studies revealed that gibberellin-treated lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum, Gentianaceae) activates rhizospheric hyphal branching in AM fungi using unidentified molecules other than strigolactones. In this study, we analyzed independent transcriptomic data of E. grandiflorum and found that the biosynthesis of gentiopicroside (GPS) and swertiamarin (SWM), characteristic monoterpene glucosides in Gentianaceae, was upregulated in gibberellin-treated E. grandiflorum roots. Moreover, these metabolites considerably promoted hyphal branching in the Glomeraceae AM fungi Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus clarus. GPS treatment also enhanced R. irregularis colonization of the monocotyledonous crop chive (Allium schoenoprasum). Interestingly, these metabolites did not provoke the germination of the root parasitic plant common broomrape (Orobanche minor). Altogether, our study unveiled the role of GPS and SWM in activating the symbiotic relationship between AM fungi and E. grandiflorum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Tominaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egusa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Unused Bioresource Utilization Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheng WF, Ma S, Lai YT, Cheung YT, Akkarasereenon K, Zhou Y, Tong R. BiBr 3 -Mediated Intramolecular Aza-Prins Cyclization of Aza-Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Suaveoline and Sarpagine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311671. [PMID: 37724977 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of aza-Achmatowicz rearrangement products was developed in which bismuth tribromide (BiBr3 ) plays a dual role as an efficient Lewis acid and source of the bromide nucleophile. This approach enables the facile construction of highly functionalized 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (9-ABNs), which are valuable synthetic building blocks and a powerful platform for the synthesis of a variety of alkaloid natural products and drug molecules. Suitable substrates for the aza-Prins cyclization include 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, alkynes, and allenes, with good to excellent yields observed. Finally, we showcase the application of this new approach to the enantioselective total synthesis of six indole alkaloids: (-)-suaveoline (1), (-)-norsuaveoline (2), (-)-macrophylline (3), (+)-normacusine B (4), (+)-Na -methyl-16-epipericyclivine (5) and (+)-affinisine (6) in a total of 9-14 steps. This study significantly expands the synthetic utility of the aza-Achmatowicz rearrangement, and the strategy (aza-Achmatowicz/aza-Prins) is expected to be applicable to the total synthesis of other members of the big family of macroline and sarpagine indole alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Tung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Tsz Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kornkamon Akkarasereenon
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh AA, Ghosh A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Secondary metabolites responses of plants exposed to ozone: an update. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88281-88312. [PMID: 37440135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant that causes oxidative stress in plants due to the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phenylpropanoid metabolism is induced as a usual response to stress in plants, and induction of key enzyme activities and accumulation of secondary metabolites occur, upon O3 exposure to provide resistance or tolerance. The phenylpropanoid, isoprenoid, and alkaloid pathways are the major secondary metabolic pathways from which plant defense metabolites emerge. Chronic exposure to O3 significantly accelerates the direction of carbon flows toward secondary metabolic pathways, resulting in a resource shift in favor of the synthesis of secondary products. Furthermore, since different cellular compartments have different levels of ROS sensitivity and metabolite sets, intracellular compartmentation of secondary antioxidative metabolites may play a role in O3-induced ROS detoxification. Plants' responses to resource partitioning often result in a trade-off between growth and defense under O3 stress. These metabolic adjustments help the plants to cope with the stress as well as for achieving new homeostasis. In this review, we discuss secondary metabolic pathways in response to O3 in plant species including crops, trees, and medicinal plants; and how the presence of this stressor affects their role as ROS scavengers and structural defense. Furthermore, we discussed how O3 affects key physiological traits in plants, foliar chemistry, and volatile emission, which affects plant-plant competition (allelopathy), and plant-insect interactions, along with an emphasis on soil dynamics, which affect the composition of soil communities via changing root exudation, litter decomposition, and other related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Abha Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, -226007, Lucknow, India
| | - Annesha Ghosh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salim V, Jarecki SA, Vick M, Miller R. Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Plant Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1056. [PMID: 37626942 PMCID: PMC10452178 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) encompass a diverse family of over 3000 plant natural products with a wide range of medical applications. Further utilizations of these compounds, however, are hampered due to low levels of abundance in their natural sources, causing difficult isolation and complex multi-steps in uneconomical chemical syntheses. Metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis in heterologous hosts is attractive, particularly for increasing the yield of natural products of interest and expanding their chemical diversity. Here, we review recent advances and strategies which have been adopted to engineer microbial and plant systems for the purpose of generating MIAs and discuss the current issues and future developments of manufacturing MIAs by synthetic biology approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vonny Salim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara-Alexis Jarecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Marshall Vick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Ryan Miller
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang T, Cui A, Cui Y, Cui R, Han M, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Huang H, Feng X, Lei Y, Liu X, Ni K, Zhang H, Xu N, Wang J, Sun L, Rui C, Wang J, Wang S, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Guo L, Zhao L, Hao F, Ye W. Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium 2ODD superfamily highlight the roles of GhLDOXs responding to alkali and other abiotic stress in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 36869319 PMCID: PMC9985220 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) is the second largest family of oxidases involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in plants. Many members in the family regulate gene transcription, nucleic acid modification/repair and secondary metabolic synthesis. The 2ODD family genes also function in the formation of abundant flavonoids during anthocyanin synthesis, thereby modulating plant development and response to diverse stresses. RESULTS Totally, 379, 336, 205, and 204 2ODD genes were identified in G. barbadense (Gb), G. hirsutum (Gh), G. arboreum (Ga), and G. raimondii (Gb), respectively. The 336 2ODDs in G. hirsutum were divided into 15 subfamilies according to their putative functions. The structural features and functions of the 2ODD members in the same subfamily were similar and evolutionarily conserved. Tandem duplications and segmental duplications served essential roles in the large-scale expansion of the cotton 2ODD family. Ka/Ks values for most of the gene pairs were less than 1, indicating that 2ODD genes undergo strong purifying selection during evolution. Gh2ODDs might act in cotton responses to different abiotic stresses. GhLDOX3 and GhLDOX7, two members of the GhLDOX subfamily from Gh2ODDs, were significantly down-regulated in transcription under alkaline stress. Moreover, the expression of GhLDOX3 in leaves was significantly higher than that in other tissues. These results will provide valuable information for further understanding the evolution mechanisms and functions of the cotton 2ODD genes in the future. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide identification, structure, and evolution and expression analysis of 2ODD genes in Gossypium were carried out. The 2ODDs were highly conserved during evolutionary. Most Gh2ODDs were involved in the regulation of cotton responses to multiple abiotic stresses including salt, drought, hot, cold and alkali.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Aihua Cui
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332105, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruifeng Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xixian Feng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Lei
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kesong Ni
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lemos Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Bomzan DP, Stander EA, Abdallah C, Kulagina N, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Nagegowda DA, Papon N, Besseau S, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Identification of a second 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase suggests an evolutionary relationship between alkaloid and flavonoid metabolisms in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:607-624. [PMID: 35947213 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus biosynthesizes many important drugs for human health, including the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. Over the past decades, the continuous increase in pharmaceutical demand has prompted several research groups to characterize MIA biosynthetic pathways for considering future metabolic engineering processes of supply. In line with previous work suggesting that diversification can potentially occur at various steps along the vindoline branch, we were here interested in investigating the involvement of distinct isoforms of tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase (16OMT) which plays a pivotal role in the MIA biosynthetic pathway. By combining homology searches based on the previously characterized 16OMT1, phylogenetic analyses, functional assays in yeast, and biochemical and in planta characterizations, we identified a second isoform of 16OMT, referred to as 16OMT2. 16OMT2 appears to be a multifunctional enzyme working on both MIA and flavonoid substrates, suggesting that a constrained evolution of the enzyme for accommodating the MIA substrate has probably occurred to favor the apparition of 16OMT2 from an ancestral specific flavonoid-O-methyltransferase. Since 16OMT1 and 16OMT2 displays a high sequence identity and similar kinetic parameters for 16-hydroxytabersonine, we postulate that 16OMT1 may result from a later 16OMT2 gene duplication accompanied by a continuous neofunctionalization leading to an almost complete loss of flavonoid O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, these results participate in increasing our knowledge on the evolutionary processes that have likely led to enzyme co-optation for MIA synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR, ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Ding L, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Yu R, Zhu J. Establishment of recombinant Catharanthus roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4 for terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:783-792. [PMID: 36848864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a perennial herb of the Apocynaceae family, from which about 200 kinds of alkaloids have been characterized. Most alkaloids from C. roseus are terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in the clinic for their good antitumor activity. However, they were only biosynthesized in C. roseus, and their content in C. roseus is extremely low. The access to these valuable compounds is by plant extraction or chemical semisynthesis from their precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Since catharanthine and vindoline are also obtained from C. roseus, the supply of vinblastine and vincristine makes it difficult to meet market demands. Therefore, how to improve the yield of TIAs is an attractive issue. In this study, we compared the regulatory effect of two critical transcription factors, octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3) and octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 4 (ORCA4), on the biosynthesis of TIAs in C. roseus. The results showed that overexpressing both two transcription factors could increase the accumulation of TIAs. The effect was more significant when ORCA4 was overexpressed. To acquire C. roseus TIAs on a continuous and consistent basis, we then created and acquired C. roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4. This is the first time a recombinant C. roseus stem cell system with stable ORCA4 overexpression has been developed, which not only provides new ideas for future research in this area but also breaches new life into the industrial application of using plant cell culture to obtain natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liuyu Ding
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizheng Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu M, Lai H, Peng W, Zhou X, Zhu L, Tu H, Yuan K, Yang Z. Monotropein: A comprehensive review of biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109940. [PMID: 36937894 PMCID: PMC10017856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monotropein, a principal natural compound in iridoid glycosides extracted from Morindae officinalis radix, has potent pharmacological activities. To understand and utilize monotropein, we systematically summarized the studies on monotropein, including its biosynthetic pathway, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. Interestingly, we found that the multiple bioactivities of monotropein, such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-nociception, and hepatic or renal protection, are closely associated with its capability of downregulating the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, attenuating the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway, and regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin/autophagy signaling pathway. However, the clinically therapeutic effects and the potential problems need to be addressed. This review highlights the current research progress on monotropein, which provides a reference for further investigation of monotropein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Wu, ; Zhirui Yang,
| | - Huabing Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Orthopedics Center, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kezhu Yuan
- Department of Scientific Research, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Wu, ; Zhirui Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional characterization of secologanin synthase-like homologous genes suggests their involvement in the biosynthesis of diverse metabolites in the secoiridoid biosynthetic pathway of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2594-2602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
15
|
Miller JC, Schuler MA. Single mutations toggle the substrate selectivity of multifunctional Camptotheca secologanic acid synthases (CYP72As). J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102237. [PMID: 35809640 PMCID: PMC9424959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are plant-derived specialized metabolites with widespread use in medicine. Species-specific pathways derive various TIAs from common intermediates, strictosidine or strictosidinic acid, produced by coupling tryptamine with secologanin or secologanic acid. The penultimate reaction in this pathway is catalyzed by either secologanin synthase (SLS) or secologanic acid synthase (SLAS) according to whether plants produce secologanin from loganin or secologanic acid from loganic acid. Previous work has identified SLSs and SLASs from different species, but the determinants of selectivity remain unclear. Here, combining molecular modeling, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and biochemical methodologies, we identified key residues that toggle SLS and SLAS selectivity in two CYP72A (cytochrome P450) subfamily enzymes from Camptotheca acuminata. We found that the positions of foremost importance are in substrate recognition sequence 1 (SRS1), where mutations to either of two adjacent histidine residues switched selectivity; His131Phe selects for and increases secologanin production whereas His132Asp selects for secologanic acid production. Furthermore, a change in SRS3 in the predicted substrate entry channel (Arg/Lys270Thr) and another in SRS4 at the start of the I-helix (Ser324Glu) decreased enzyme activity toward either substrate. We propose that the Camptotheca SLASs have maintained the broadened activities found in a common asterid ancestor, even as the Camptotheca lineage lost its ability to produce loganin while the campanulid and lamiid lineages specialized to produce secologanin by acquiring mutations in SRS1. The identification here of the residues essential for the broad substrate scope of SLASs presents opportunities for more tailored heterologous production of TIAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801
| | - Mary A Schuler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Halkier BA, Xu D. The ins and outs of transporters at plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant specialized metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1483-1491. [PMID: 35481602 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Plants are organic chemists par excellence and produce an amazing array of diverse chemical structures. Whereas primary metabolites are essential for all living organisms and highly conserved, the specialized metabolites constitute the taxonomy-specific chemical languages that are key for fitness and survival. Allocation of plants' wide array of specialized metabolites in patterns that are fine-tuned spatiotemporally is essential for adaptation to the ever-changing environment and requires transport processes. Thus advancing our knowledge about transporters is important as also evidenced by the increasing number of transporters that control key quality traits in agriculture. In this review, we will highlight recently identified transporters and new insights related to already known transporters of plant specialized metabolites. Focus will be on the transport mechanism revealed by the biochemical characterization and how that links to its function in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu C, Ye P, Wu Q, Liang S, Wei W, Yang J, Chen W, Zhan R, Ma D. Identification and functional characterization of three iridoid synthases in Gardenia jasminoides. PLANTA 2022; 255:58. [PMID: 35118554 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of three iridoid synthases (GjISY, GjISY2 and GjISY4) from Gardenia jasminoides and their functional characterization increase the understanding of iridoid scaffold/iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in iridoid-producing plants. Iridoids are a class of noncanonical monoterpenes that are found naturally in the plant kingdom mostly as glycosides. Over 40 iridoid glycosides (e.g., geniposide, gardenoside and shanzhiside) have been isolated from Gardenia jasminoides. They have multiple pharmacological properties and health-promoting effects. However, their biosynthetic pathway is poorly understood, and the iridoid synthase (ISY) responsible for the cyclization of the core scaffold remains unclear. In this study, three homologs of ISYs from G. jasminoides (GjISY, GjISY2 and GjISY4) were identified on the basis of transcriptomic data and functionally characterized. The genomic structure and intron-exon arrangement revealed that all three ISYs contained an intron. Biochemical assays indicated that all three recombinant enzymes reduced 8-oxogeranial to nepetalactol and its open forms (iridodials) as the products of the classical CrISY (Catharanthus roseus). In addition, all three enzymes reduced progesterone to 5-β-prognane-3,20-dione. However, only GjISY2 and GjISY4 reduced 2-cyclohexen-1-one to cyclohexanone. Overall, the GjISY2 expression levels in the flowers and fruits were similar to the GjISY and GjISY4 expression levels. By contrast, the GjISY2 expression levels in the upper and lower leaves were substantially higher than the GjISY and GjISY4 expression levels. Among the three, GjISY2 exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency for 8-oxogeranial. GjISY2 might be the major contributor to iridoid biosynthesis in G. jasminoides. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of iridoid scaffold/iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in G. jasminoides and provide a potential target for metabolic engineering and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ye
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangcheng Liang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao X, Hu X, OuYang K, Yang J, Que Q, Long J, Zhang J, Zhang T, Wang X, Gao J, Hu X, Yang S, Zhang L, Li S, Gao W, Li B, Jiang W, Nielsen E, Chen X, Peng C. Chromosome-level assembly of the Neolamarckia cadamba genome provides insights into the evolution of cadambine biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:891-908. [PMID: 34807496 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.), a close relative of Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila, is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Three major glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), cadambine and its derivatives 3β-isodihydrocadambine and 3β-dihydrocadambine, accumulate in the bark and leaves, and exhibit antimalarial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report a chromosome-scale N. cadamba genome, with 744.5 Mb assembled into 22 pseudochromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 824.14 Kb and 29.20 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of N. cadamba with Co. canephora revealed that N. cadamba underwent a relatively recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event after diverging from Co. canephora, which contributed to the evolution of the MIA biosynthetic pathway. We determined the key intermediates of the cadambine biosynthetic pathway and further showed that NcSTR1 catalyzed the synthesis of strictosidine in N. cadamba. A new component, epoxystrictosidine (C27H34N2O10, m/z 547.2285), was identified in the cadambine biosynthetic pathway. Combining genome-wide association study (GWAS), population analysis, multi-omics analysis and metabolic gene cluster prediction, this study will shed light on the evolution of MIA biosynthetic pathway genes. This N. cadamba reference sequence will accelerate the understanding of the evolutionary history of specific metabolic pathways and facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunxi OuYang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianmei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lisu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shufen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wujun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Benping Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Erik Nielsen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou D, Lv D, Zhang H, Cheng T, Wang H, Lin P, Shi S, Chen S, Shen J. Quantitative analysis of the profiles of twelve major compounds in Gentiana straminea Maxim. Roots by LC-MS/MS in an extensive germplasm survey in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114068. [PMID: 33766757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana straminea Maxim. is a well-known Tibetan traditional herb, which has been used to treat rheumatic arthritis, iceteric hepatitis, and other diseases for thousands years. However, there is still lack of comprehensive active constituents profiling of this species throughout the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). AIM OF STUDY This study was designed to provide a comprehensive quality map of G.straminea germplasm based on twelve active constituents (loganic acid, gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, sweroside, 6-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside, oleanic acid, morroniside, trilobatin, isoorientin, isovite, Shanzhisidemethylester and quercetin) on the QTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS G.straminea root samples collected throughout QTP in the flowering period were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. Statistics analysis methods PCA, clustering and ecological regions analysis for G.straminea constituents differentiation was demonstrated. RESULTS The active constituents varied greatly across the QTP; the majority of constituents were secoiridoid derivatives, with gentiopicroside being the most abundant compound. Most constituents were significantly affected by the latitudes and altitudes other than longitudes. PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that all samples could be separated into six distinct groups, and 15 populations showed the highest constituent abundances. Further, geographical region analysis showed that the highest quality populations mainly located near the source region of Yellow River, especially in the Qinghai and Sichuan areas. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that there were relationships among genetiopicroside, loganic acid, and other compounds, which might be related to the enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of these constituents. CONCLUSION LC-MS/MS method allowed separation of quality profiling of G.straminea on the QTP, 15 populations showed the highest constituent abundances. In six geographical groups, the highest quality populations mainly located near the source region of Yellow River, especially in the Qinghai and Sichuan areas, which may be due to the climate caused by the westerlies and Indian Ocean monsoons in the QTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, Qinghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
| | - Dongjin Lv
- Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Tingfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Tibetan Medicine Center, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Shengbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Jianwei Shen
- Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Patra B, Singh SK, Paul P, Zhou Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus: effects and prospects of environmental factors in metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2085-2103. [PMID: 34564757 PMCID: PMC8510960 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize a vast array of specialized metabolites that primarily contribute to their defense and survival under adverse conditions. Many of the specialized metabolites have therapeutic values as drugs. Biosynthesis of specialized metabolites is affected by environmental factors including light, temperature, drought, salinity, and nutrients, as well as pathogens and insects. These environmental factors trigger a myriad of changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The dynamic changes in gene expression are mediated by several regulatory proteins that perceive and transduce the signals, leading to up- or down-regulation of the metabolic pathways. Exploring the environmental effects and related signal cascades is a strategy in metabolic engineering to produce valuable specialized metabolites. However, mechanistic studies on environmental factors affecting specialized metabolism are limited. The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is an important source of bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the anticancer therapeutics vinblastine and vincristine. The emerging picture shows that various environmental factors significantly alter TIA accumulation by affecting the expression of regulatory and enzyme-encoding genes in the pathway. Compared to our understanding of the TIA pathway in response to the phytohormone jasmonate, the impacts of environmental factors on TIA biosynthesis are insufficiently studied and discussed. This review thus focuses on these aspects and discusses possible strategies for metabolic engineering of TIA biosynthesis. PURPOSE OF WORK: Catharanthus roseus is a rich source of bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive account of the influence of various biotic and abiotic factors on TIA biosynthesis and to discuss possible strategies to enhance TIA production through metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Liu L. Extraction of geniposidic acid and aucubin employing aqueous two-phase systems comprising ionic liquids and salts. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
22
|
Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Aharoni A. Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6027-6041. [PMID: 34293097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the 'growth-defense trade-off'). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites-their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool-allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant's solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Negev, Israel
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Negri S, Commisso M, Avesani L, Guzzo F. The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5336-5355. [PMID: 34009335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Computational biotechnology guides elucidation of the biosynthesis of the plant anticancer drug camptothecin. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3659-3663. [PMID: 34257844 PMCID: PMC8254074 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin is a clinically important monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIAs) used for treating various cancers. Currently, the production of this biopharmaceutical hinges on its extraction from camptothecin-producing plants, leading to high market prices and supply bottlenecks. While synthetic biology combined with metabolic approaches could represent an attractive alternative approach to manufacturing, it requires firstly a complete biosynthetic pathway elucidation, which is, unfortunately, severely missing in species naturally accumulating camptothecin. This knowledge gap can be attributed to the lack of high-quality genomic resources of medicinal plant species. In such a perspective, Yamazaki and colleagues produced the first described and experimentally validated chromosome-level plant genome assembly of Ophiorrhiza pumila, a prominent source plant of camptothecin for the pharmaceutical industry. More specifically, they have developed a method incorporating Illumina reads, PacBio single-molecule reads, optical mapping and Hi-C sequencing, followed by the experimental validation of contig orientation within scaffolds, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. This relevant strategy resulted in the most contiguous and complete de novo plant reference genome described to date, which can streamline the sequencing of new plant genomes. Further mining approaches, including integrative omics analysis, phylogenetics, gene cluster evaluation and comparative genomics were successfully used to puzzle out the evolutionary origins of MIA metabolism and revealed a short-list of high confidence MIA biosynthetic genes for functional validation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang M, Wang Q, Liu Y, Hao X, Wang C, Liang Y, Chen J, Xiao Y, Kai G. Divergent camptothecin biosynthetic pathway in Ophiorrhiza pumila. BMC Biol 2021; 19:122. [PMID: 34134716 PMCID: PMC8207662 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT), first isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, was subsequently discovered in unrelated plants, including Ophiorrhiza pumila. Unlike known monoterpene indole alkaloids, CPT in C. acuminata is biosynthesized via the key intermediate strictosidinic acid, but how O. pumila synthesizes CPT has not been determined. RESULTS In this study, we used nontargeted metabolite profiling to show that 3α-(S)-strictosidine and 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid coexist in O. pumila. After identifying the enzymes OpLAMT, OpSLS, and OpSTR as participants in CPT biosynthesis, we compared these enzymes to their homologues from two other representative CPT-producing plants, C. acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana, to elucidate their phylogenetic relationship. Finally, using labelled intermediates to resolve the CPT biosynthesis pathway in O. pumila, we showed that 3α-(S)-strictosidine, not 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid, is the exclusive intermediate in CPT biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that O. pumila, another representative CPT-producing plant, exhibits metabolite diversity in its central intermediates consisting of both 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid and 3α-(S)-strictosidine and utilizes 3α-(S)-strictosidine as the exclusive intermediate in the CPT biosynthetic pathway, which differs from C. acuminata. Our results show that enzymes likely to be involved in CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila, C. acuminata, and N. nimmoniana have evolved divergently. Overall, our new data regarding CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila suggest evolutionary divergence in CPT-producing plants. These results shed new light on CPT biosynthesis and pave the way towards its industrial production through enzymatic or metabolic engineering approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengquan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Core Facility Centre, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Yining Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Core Facility Centre, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuchen Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Core Facility Centre, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Core Facility Centre, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anthony SM, Tona V, Zou Y, Morrill LA, Billingsley JM, Lim M, Tang Y, Houk KN, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of (-)-Strictosidine and Interception of Aryne Natural Product Derivatives "Strictosidyne" and "Strictosamidyne". J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7471-7479. [PMID: 33955226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large class of natural products derived from a single biosynthetic precursor, strictosidine. We describe a synthetic approach to strictosidine that relies on a key facially selective Diels-Alder reaction between a glucosyl-modified alkene and an enal to set the C15-C20-C21 stereotriad. DFT calculations were used to examine the origin of stereoselectivity in this key step, wherein two of 16 possible isomers are predominantly formed. These calculations suggest the presence of a glucosyl unit, also inherent in the strictosidine structure, guides diastereoselectivity, with the reactive conformation of the vinyl glycoside dienophile being controlled by an exo-anomeric effect. (-)-Strictosidine was subsequently accessed using late-stage synthetic manipulations and an enzymatic Pictet-Spengler reaction. Several new natural product analogs were also accessed, including precursors to two unusual aryne natural product derivatives termed "strictosidyne" and "strictosamidyne". These studies provide a strategy for accessing glycosylic natural products and a new platform to access monoterpene indole alkaloids and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Anthony
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Veronica Tona
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lucas A Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Megan Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duan Y, Liu J, Du Y, Pei X, Li M. Aspergillus oryzae Biosynthetic Platform for de Novo Iridoid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2501-2511. [PMID: 33599481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The iridoids and their derivatives monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are two broad classes of plant-derived natural products with valuable pharmaceutical properties. However, the poor source limited their application. Nepetalactol, a common iridoid scaffold of MIAs, was heterologously produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the optimization of nepetalactol production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by metabolic engineering, the inherent metabolic constraints impose a restriction on the production. Herein, we developed a high nepetalactol-producing Aspergillus oryzae platform strain. First, the co-expression of 5 nepetalactol biosynthetic genes, in a high isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)-producing strain A. oryzae AK2, succeeded in the biosynthesis of nepetalactol. Second, the improvement of the IPP supply and the suppression of the byproduct citronellol formation were simultaneously achieved. Finally, the highest titer of nepetalactol of 7.2 mg/L was obtained with the engineered strain, after the optimization of the carbon source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported titer of nepetalactol in microbial cells. The developed A. oryzae strain represents an attractive biosynthetic platform host for the de novo production of iridoids and MIAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Duan
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yun Du
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Genome-wide identification and analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors related to camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:582-593. [PMID: 32768165 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Camptotheca acuminata produces camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) that is widely used in the treatment of lung, colorectal, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Its biosynthesis pathway has attracted significant attention, but the regulation of CPT biosynthesis by the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors (TFs) remains unclear. In this study, a systematic analysis of the AP2/ERF TFs family in C. acuminata was performed, including phylogeny, gene structure, conserved motifs, and gene expression profiles in different tissues and organs (immature bark, cotyledons, young flower, immature fruit, mature fruit, mature leaf, roots, upper stem, and lower stem) of C. acuminata. A total of 198 AP2/ERF genes were identified and divided into five relatively conserved subfamilies, including AP2 (26 genes), DREB (61 genes), ERF (92 genes), RAV (18 genes), and Soloist (one gene). The combination of gene expression patterns in different C. acuminata tissues and organs, the phylogenetic tree, the co-expression analysis with biosynthetic genes, and the analysis of promoter sequences of key enzymes genes involved in CPT biosynthesis pathways revealed that eight AP2/ERF TFs in C. acuminata might be involved in CPT synthesis regulation, which exhibit relatively high expression levels in the upper stem or immature bark. Among these, four genes (CacAP2/ERF123, CacAP2/ERF125, CacAP2/ERF126, and CacAP2/ERF127) belong to the ERF-B2 subgroup; two genes (CacAP2/ERF149 and CacAP2/ERF152) belong to the ERF-B3 subgroup; and two more genes (CacAP2/ERF095 and CacAP2/ERF096) belong to the DREB-A6 subgroup. These results provide a foundation for future functional characterization of the AP2/ERF genes to enhance the biosynthesis of CPT compounds of C. acuminata.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohammed AE, Abdul-Hameed ZH, Alotaibi MO, Bawakid NO, Sobahi TR, Abdel-Lateff A, Alarif WM. Chemical Diversity and Bioactivities of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids (MIAs) from Six Apocynaceae Genera. Molecules 2021; 26:488. [PMID: 33477682 PMCID: PMC7831967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By the end of the twentieth century, the interest in natural compounds as probable sources of drugs has declined and was replaced by other strategies such as molecular target-based drug discovery. However, in the recent times, natural compounds regained their position as extremely important source drug leads. Indole-containing compounds are under clinical use which includes vinblastine and vincristine (anticancer), atevirdine (anti-HIV), yohimbine (erectile dysfunction), reserpine (antihypertension), ajmalicine (vascular disorders), ajmaline (anti-arrhythmic), vincamine (vasodilator), etc. Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids (MIAs) deserve the curiosity and attention of researchers due to their chemical diversity and biological activities. These compounds were considered as an impending source of drug-lead. In this review 444 compounds, were identified from six genera belonging to the family Apocynaceae, will be discussed. These genera (Alstonia, Rauvolfia, Kopsia, Ervatamia, and Tabernaemontana, and Rhazya) consist of 400 members and represent 20% of Apocynaceae species. Only 30 (7.5%) species were investigated, whereas the rest are promising to be investigated. Eleven bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activities, were reported. Whereas cytotoxic effect represents 47% of the reported activities. Convincingly, the genera selected in this review are a wealthy source for future anticancer drug lead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrah E. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zainab H. Abdul-Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (Z.H.A.-H.); (N.O.B.); (T.R.S.)
| | - Modhi O. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahed O. Bawakid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (Z.H.A.-H.); (N.O.B.); (T.R.S.)
| | - Tariq R. Sobahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (Z.H.A.-H.); (N.O.B.); (T.R.S.)
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Lateff
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Walied M. Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh SK, Patra B, Paul P, Liu Y, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. BHLH IRIDOID SYNTHESIS 3 is a member of a bHLH gene cluster regulating terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00305. [PMID: 33532692 PMCID: PMC7833464 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of plant specialized metabolites, including terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus. Two previously characterized subgroup-IVa bHLH TFs, BIS1 (bHLH Iridoid Synthesis 1) and BIS2 regulate iridoid biosynthesis in the TIA pathway. We reanalyzed the recently updated C. roseus genome sequence and discovered that BIS1 and BIS2 are clustered on the same genomic scaffold with a previously uncharacterized bHLH gene, designated as BIS3. Only a few bHLH gene clusters have been studied to date. Comparative analysis of 49 genome sequences from different plant lineages revealed the presence of analogous bHLH clusters in core angiosperms, including the medicinal plants Calotropis gigantea (giant milkweed) and Gelsemium sempervirens (yellow jessamine), but not in the analyzed basal angiosperm and lower plants. Similar to the iridoid pathway genes, BIS3 is highly expressed in roots and induced by methyl jasmonate. BIS3 activates the promoters of iridoid branch genes, geraniol synthase (GES), geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H), 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase (8HGO), iridoid synthase (IS), 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyl transferase (7-DLGT), and 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7DLH), but not iridoid oxidase (IO). Transactivation of the promoters was abolished when BIS3 is converted to a dominant repressor by fusing with the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) sequence. In addition, BIS3 acts synergistically with BIS1 and BIS2 to activate the G10H promoter in tobacco cells. Mutation of the known bHLH TF binding motif, G-box (CACGTG) in the G10H promoter significantly reduced but did not abolish the transactivation by BIS3. Promoter deletion analysis of G10H suggests that the sequences adjacent to the G-box are also involved in the regulation by BIS3. Overexpression of BIS3 in C. roseus flower petals significantly upregulated the expression of iridoid biosynthetic genes and increased loganic acid accumulation. BIS2 expression was significantly induced by BIS3 although BIS3 did not directly activate the BIS2 promoter. Our results advance our understanding of the regulation of plant specialized metabolites by bHLH TF clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gani U, Vishwakarma RA, Misra P. Membrane transporters: the key drivers of transport of secondary metabolites in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1-18. [PMID: 32959124 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent updates in the area of transporters of plant secondary metabolites, including their applied aspects in metabolic engineering of economically important secondary metabolites. Plants have evolved biosynthetic pathways to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, which serve distinct functions, including defense against pathogens and herbivory, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant ecological interactions. These compounds often display interesting bioactivities and, therefore, have been used as repositories of natural drugs and phytoceuticals for humans. At an elevated level, plant secondary metabolites could be cytotoxic to the plant cell itself; therefore, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sequester these compounds to prevent cytotoxicity. Many of these valuable natural compounds and their precursors are biosynthesized and accumulated at diverse subcellular locations, and few are even transported to sink organs via long-distance transport, implying the involvement of compartmentalization via intra- and intercellular transport mechanisms. The transporter proteins belonging to different families of transporters, especially ATP binding cassette (ABC) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) have been implicated in membrane-mediated transport of certain plant secondary metabolites. Despite increasing reports on the characterization of transporter proteins and their genes, our knowledge about the transporters of several medicinally and economically important plant secondary metabolites is still enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the whole route of secondary metabolite transportome, in addition to the biosynthetic pathways, will aid in systematic and targeted metabolic engineering of high-value secondary metabolites. The present review embodies a comprehensive update on the progress made in the elucidation of transporters of secondary metabolites in view of basic and applied aspects of their transport mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shitan N, Yazaki K. Dynamism of vacuoles toward survival strategy in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
33
|
Bradley SA, Zhang J, Jensen MK. Deploying Microbial Synthesis for Halogenating and Diversifying Medicinal Alkaloid Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594126. [PMID: 33195162 PMCID: PMC7644825 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.594126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce some of the most potent therapeutics and have been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Today, many medicinal natural products are still extracted from source plants at scale as their complexity precludes total synthesis from bulk chemicals. However, extraction from plants can be an unreliable and low-yielding source for human therapeutics, making the supply chain for some of these life-saving medicines expensive and unstable. There has therefore been significant interest in refactoring these plant pathways in genetically tractable microbes, which grow more reliably and where the plant pathways can be more easily engineered to improve the titer, rate and yield of medicinal natural products. In addition, refactoring plant biosynthetic pathways in microbes also offers the possibility to explore new-to-nature chemistry more systematically, and thereby help expand the chemical space that can be probed for drugs as well as enable the study of pharmacological properties of such new-to-nature chemistry. This perspective will review the recent progress toward heterologous production of plant medicinal alkaloids in microbial systems. In particular, we focus on the refactoring of halogenated alkaloids in yeast, which has created an unprecedented opportunity for biosynthesis of previously inaccessible new-to-nature variants of the natural alkaloid scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael K. Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lichman BR. The scaffold-forming steps of plant alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:103-129. [PMID: 32745157 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from plants are characterised by structural diversity and bioactivity, and maintain a privileged position in both modern and traditional medicines. In recent years, there have been significant advances in elucidating the biosynthetic origins of plant alkaloids. In this review, I will describe the progress made in determining the metabolic origins of the so-called true alkaloids, specialised metabolites derived from amino acids containing a nitrogen heterocycle. By identifying key biosynthetic steps that feature in the majority of pathways, I highlight the key roles played by modifications to primary metabolism, iminium reactivity and spontaneous reactions in the molecular and evolutionary origins of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen Y, Shen Q, Lv P, Sun C. Comparative metabolomic analyses of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo responding to UV-B radiation reveal variations in the metabolisms associated with its bioactive ingredients. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9107. [PMID: 32655986 PMCID: PMC7331624 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, a member of the genus Dendrobium, is a traditional Chinese medicine with high commercial value. The positive roles of UV-B radiation on active ingredient metabolism in various medicinal plants have been studied. However, the metabolic responses of D. officinale stems to UV-B treatment is largely unknown. Methods An untargeted metabolomics method was used to investigate the metabolic variations in D. officinale stems between the control and UV-B treatments. Results In total, 3,655 annotated metabolites, including 640 up- and 783 down-regulated metabolites, were identified and grouped into various primary metabolic categories. Then, a number of metabolites involved in the polysaccharide, alkaloid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were identified. For polysaccharide biosynthesis, several intermediate products, such as pyruvate, secologanate, tryptophan and secologanin, were significantly up-regulated by the UV-B treatment. For polysaccharide biosynthesis, many key fundamental building blocks, from the glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism pathways, were induced by the UV-B treatment. For flavonoid metabolism, accumulations of several intermediate products of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and flavanone 3-hydroxylase were affected by the UV-B treatment, indicating an involvement of UV-B in flavonoid biosynthesis. The UV-B induced accumulation of polysaccharides, alkaloids and flavonoids was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Our study will help to understand the effects of UV-B on the accumulation of active ingredients in D. officinale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Agro Technical Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongbo Sun
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kornpointner C, Berger A, Traxler F, Hadžiabdić A, Massar M, Matek J, Brecker L, Schinnerl J. Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112296. [PMID: 32087436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first phytochemical examination of extracts from leaves and stem bark of Palicourea luxurians (Rusby) Borhidi yielded two undescribed and one known alstrostine derivative together with the oxindole alkaloid javaniside as well as with 5α-carboxystrictosidine. Additionally, five iridoids and four secologanin derived isolation artifacts have been isolated. Lack of strictosidine and its follow-up metabolization products suggested that the Pictet-Spenglerase in P. luxurians does barely or not catalyze the formation of strictosidine. Against this background the biosynthesis of javaniside and 5α-carboxystrictosidine is discussed with regard to possible reaction mechanisms. Similarly, P. luxurians used an independent biosynthetic pathway to produce alstrostine type structures from secologanin and tryptamine in a 2:1 ratio. The structure of isoalstrostine A, which was isolated for the first time, allowed the refinement of a previously reported pathway to the alstrostine type carbon skeleton as well as to some follow-up metabolization products. In spite of various biosynthetic pathways incorporating secologanin to gain different types of tryptophan- and tryptamine-iridoid alkaloids, P. luxurians accumulates this compound as well a couple of further metabolized iridoids deriving from loganin and secologanin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kornpointner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Traxler
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azra Hadžiabdić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Massar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna Matek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosales PF, Bordin GS, Gower AE, Moura S. Indole alkaloids: 2012 until now, highlighting the new chemical structures and biological activities. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104558. [PMID: 32198108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Indole alkaloids have attracted attention because of their therapeutic properties, being anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumoural, antioxidant and antimicrobial. These compounds present a wide structural diversity, which is directly related to the genera of the producing plants, as well as the biological activities. Indole alkaloids have attracted attention over the last decade because of this combination of bioactivity and structural diversity. Therefore, this review presented recent (2012-2018) advances in alkaloids, focusing on new compounds, extraction methods and biological activities. As such, approximately 70 articles were identified, which showed 261 new compounds produced by plants of the families Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Annonaceae and Loganiaceae. In addition, different extraction methods were identified, and the structures of the new compounds were analysed. In addition to indole molecules, there were mono-indole-, di-indole-, vinblastine-, vimblastine-, gelsedine-, geissospermidine-, koumine-, geissospermidine-, iboga-, perakine-, corynanthe-, vincamine-, ajmaline-, aspidorpema-, strychnos-type, β-carboline alkaloids and indole alkaloid glucosides. The reported biological activities are mainly anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral, as well as anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-butyrylcolinesterase properties. This review serves as a guide for those wishing to find the most recently identified alkaloid structures and their associated activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fagundes Rosales
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil; IFRS -Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sandri Bordin
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Escalona Gower
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rather GA, Sharma A, Misra P, Kumar A, Kaul V, Lattoo SK. Molecular characterization and overexpression analyses of secologanin synthase to understand the regulation of camptothecin biosynthesis in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Mabb. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:391-405. [PMID: 31701251 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a high-value anti-cancerous compound produced in many taxonomically unrelated species. Its biosynthesis involves a complex network of pathways and a diverse array of intermediates. Here, we report the functional characterization and regulation of secologanin synthase (NnCYP72A1), a cytochrome P450 involved in camptothecin biosynthesis from Nothapodytes nimmoniana. It comprises an open reading frame of 1566 bp in length. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro enzymatic assays using loganin as substrate confirmed the formation of secologanin. In planta transient overexpression analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in 4.21- and 2.73-fold increase in transcript levels of NnCYP72A1 on days 3 and 6 respectively. Phytochemical analysis of transformed tissues revealed ~ 1.13-1.43- and 2.02-2.86-fold increase in secologanin and CPT accumulation, respectively. Furthermore, promoter analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in the identification of several potential cis-regulatory elements corresponding to different stress-related components. Methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and wounding treatments resulted in considerable modulation of mRNA transcripts of NnCYP72A1 gene. Chemical analysis of elicitor-treated samples showed a significant increase in CPT content which was concordant with the mRNA transcript levels. Overall, the functional characterization and overexpression of NnCYP72A1 may plausibly enhance the pathway intermediates and serve as prognostic tool for enhancing CPT accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Veenu Kaul
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, 180006, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vishwakarma K, Mishra M, Patil G, Mulkey S, Ramawat N, Pratap Singh V, Deshmukh R, Kumar Tripathi D, Nguyen HT, Sharma S. Avenues of the membrane transport system in adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:861-883. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1616669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Steven Mulkey
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kohnen-Johannsen KL, Kayser O. Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production. Molecules 2019; 24:E796. [PMID: 30813289 PMCID: PMC6412926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs have the same basic structure, they differ immensely in their biological, chemical and pharmacological properties. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, has the largest legitimate market as a pharmacological agent due to its treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, as well as smooth muscle spasms while cocaine is the 2nd most frequently consumed illicit drug globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TAs, highlighting their structural diversity, use in pharmaceutical therapy from both historical and modern perspectives, natural biosynthesis in planta and emerging production possibilities using tissue culture and microbial biosynthesis of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Laura Kohnen-Johannsen
- Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Extracellularly oxidative activation and inactivation of matured prodrug for cryptic self-resistance in naphthyridinomycin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11232-11237. [PMID: 30327344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800502115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how antibiotic-producing bacteria deal with highly reactive chemicals will ultimately guide therapeutic strategies to combat the increasing clinical resistance crisis. Here, we uncovered a distinctive self-defense strategy featured by a secreted oxidoreductase NapU to perform extracellularly oxidative activation and conditionally overoxidative inactivation of a matured prodrug in naphthyridinomycin (NDM) biosynthesis from Streptomyces lusitanus NRRL 8034. It was suggested that formation of NDM first involves a nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly line to generate a prodrug. After exclusion and prodrug maturation, we identified a pharmacophore-inactivated intermediate, which required reactivation by NapU via oxidative C-H bond functionalization extracellularly to afford NDM. Beyond that, NapU could further oxidatively inactivate the NDM pharmacophore to avoid self-cytotoxicity if they coexist longer than necessary. This discovery represents an amalgamation of sophisticatedly temporal and spatial shielding mode conferring self-resistance in antibiotic biosynthesis from Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fellows R, Russo CM, Silva CS, Lee SG, Jez JM, Chisholm JD, Zubieta C, Nanao MH. A multisubstrate reductase from Plantago major: structure-function in the short chain reductase superfamily. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14796. [PMID: 30287897 PMCID: PMC6172241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR) is a large family of NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes found in all kingdoms of life. SDRs are particularly well-represented in plants, playing diverse roles in both primary and secondary metabolism. In addition, some plant SDRs are also able to catalyse a reductive cyclisation reaction critical for the biosynthesis of the iridoid backbone that contains a fused 5 and 6-membered ring scaffold. Mining the EST database of Plantago major, a medicinal plant that makes iridoids, we identified a putative 5β-progesterone reductase gene, PmMOR (P. major multisubstrate oxido-reductase), that is 60% identical to the iridoid synthase gene from Catharanthus roseus. The PmMOR protein was recombinantly expressed and its enzymatic activity assayed against three putative substrates, 8-oxogeranial, citral and progesterone. The enzyme demonstrated promiscuous enzymatic activity and was able to not only reduce progesterone and citral, but also to catalyse the reductive cyclisation of 8-oxogeranial. The crystal structures of PmMOR wild type and PmMOR mutants in complex with NADP+ or NAD+ and either 8-oxogeranial, citral or progesterone help to reveal the substrate specificity determinants and catalytic machinery of the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed and provide a foundation for understanding the promiscuous activity of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fellows
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Catarina S Silva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA
| | - Soon Goo Lee
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Chloe Zubieta
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA.
| | - Max H Nanao
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sharma A, Verma P, Mathur A, Mathur AK. Overexpression of tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase enhanced terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway activity and antineoplastic vinblastine biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1281-1294. [PMID: 29508069 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthetic pathway of Catharanthus roseus possesses the major attention in current metabolic engineering efforts being the sole source of highly expensive antineoplastic molecules vinblastine and vincristine. The entire TIA pathway is fairly known at biochemical and genetic levels except the pathway steps leading to biosynthesis of catharanthine and tabersonine. To increase the in-planta yield of these antineoplastic metabolites for the pharmaceutical and drug industry, extensive plant tissue culture-based studies were performed to provide alternative production systems. However, the strict spatiotemporal developmental regulation of TIA biosynthesis has restricted the utility of these cultures for large-scale production. Therefore, the present study was performed to enhance the metabolic flux of TIA pathway towards the biosynthesis of vinblastine by overexpressing two upstream TIA pathway genes, tryptophan decarboxylase (CrTDC) and strictosidine synthase (CrSTR), at whole plant levels in C. roseus. Whole plant transgenic of C. roseus was developed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA1119 strain having CrTDC and CrSTR gene cassette. Developed transgenic lines demonstrated up to twofold enhanced total alkaloid production with maximum ninefold increase in vindoline and catharanthine, and fivefold increased vinblastine production. These lines recorded a maximum of 38-fold and 65-fold enhanced transcript levels of CrTDC and CrSTR genes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Archana Mathur
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mathur
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Yu HY, Xu HZ, Liu JJ, Meng XG, Zhou M, Ruan HL. Alkaloids with Immunosuppressive Activity from the Bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1841-1849. [PMID: 30059216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten new alkaloids (1-10), including two pairs of enantiomeric mixtures (5a,b and 6a,b), and 15 known analogues (11-25) were obtained from the bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe. The structures of 1-25 were established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1-10 were resolved by X-ray diffraction and ECD data analyses. The in vitro immunosuppressive activities of selected isolates were tested. Compounds 11 and 16 exhibited moderate inhibition with IC50 values of 16.8 and 27.6 μM against ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and 13.5 and 40.5 μM against LPS-induced B lymphocyte proliferation, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
- Medical Science Research Center , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Yi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhe Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Gao Meng
- College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Li Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sui X, Singh SK, Patra B, Schluttenhofer C, Guo W, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Cross-family transcription factor interaction between MYC2 and GBFs modulates terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4267-4281. [PMID: 29931167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of medicinally valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus is regulated by transcriptional activators such as the basic helix-loop-helix factor CrMYC2. However, the transactivation effects are often buffered by repressors, such as the bZIP factors CrGBF1 and CrGBF2, possibly to fine-tune the accumulation of cytotoxic TIAs. Questions remain as to whether and how these factors interact to modulate TIA production. We demonstrated that overexpression of CrMYC2 induces CrGBF expression and results in reduced alkaloid accumulation in C. roseus hairy roots. We found that CrGBF1 and CrGBF2 form homo- and heterodimers to repress the transcriptional activities of key TIA pathway gene promoters. We showed that CrGBFs dimerize with CrMYC2, and CrGBF1 binds to the same cis-elements (T/G-box) as CrMYC2 in the target gene promoters. Our findings suggest that CrGBFs antagonize CrMYC2 transactivation possibly by competitive binding to the T/G-box in the target promoters and/or protein-protein interaction that forms a non-DNA binding complex that prevents CrMYC2 from binding to its target promoters. Homo- and heterodimer formation allows fine-tuning of the amplitude of TIA gene expression. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed regulatory mechanism that governs the TIA pathway genes to balance metabolic flux for TIA production in C. roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Sui
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Matsuura HN, Malik S, de Costa F, Yousefzadi M, Mirjalili MH, Arroo R, Bhambra AS, Strnad M, Bonfill M, Fett-Neto AG. Specialized Plant Metabolism Characteristics and Impact on Target Molecule Biotechnological Production. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:169-183. [PMID: 29290031 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism evolved in the context of highly organized and differentiated cells and tissues, featuring massive chemical complexity operating under tight environmental, developmental and genetic control. Biotechnological demand for natural products has been continuously increasing because of their significant value and new applications, mainly as pharmaceuticals. Aseptic production systems of plant secondary metabolites have improved considerably, constituting an attractive tool for increased, stable and large-scale supply of valuable molecules. Surprisingly, to date, only a few examples including taxol, shikonin, berberine and artemisinin have emerged as success cases of commercial production using this strategy. The present review focuses on the main characteristics of plant specialized metabolism and their implications for current strategies used to produce secondary compounds in axenic cultivation systems. The search for consonance between plant secondary metabolism unique features and various in vitro culture systems, including cell, tissue, organ, and engineered cultures, as well as heterologous expression in microbial platforms, is discussed. Data to date strongly suggest that attaining full potential of these biotechnology production strategies requires being able to take advantage of plant specialized metabolism singularities for improved target molecule yields and for bypassing inherent difficulties in its rational manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Nitta Matsuura
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65.080-805, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Morteza Yousefzadi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Randolph Arroo
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Avninder S Bhambra
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jogi H, Maheshwari R, Raval N, Kuche K, Tambe V, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Tekade RK. Carbon nanotubes in the delivery of anticancer herbal drugs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1187-1220. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is estimated to be a significant health problem of the 21st century. The situation gets even tougher when it comes to its treatment using chemotherapy employing synthetic anticancer molecules with numerous side effects. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift toward the adoption of herbal drugs for the treatment of cancer. In this context, a suitable delivery system is principally warranted to deliver these herbal biomolecules specifically at the tumorous site. To achieve this goal, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely explored to deliver anticancer herbal molecules with improved therapeutic efficacy and safety. This review uniquely expounds the biopharmaceutical, clinical and safety aspects of different anticancer herbal drugs delivered through CNTs with a cross-talk on their outcomes. This review will serve as a one-stop-shop for the readers on various anticancer herbal drugs delivered through CNTs as a futuristic delivery device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardi Jogi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| | - Rahul Maheshwari
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| | - Nidhi Raval
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| | - Vishakha Tambe
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Postgraduate Studies & Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355 India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Burse A, Boland W. Deciphering the route to cyclic monoterpenes in Chrysomelina leaf beetles: source of new biocatalysts for industrial application? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:417-427. [PMID: 28593879 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The drastic growth of the population on our planet requires the efficient and sustainable use of our natural resources. Enzymes are indispensable tools for a wide range of industries producing food, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, or biofuels. Because insects constitute one of the most species-rich classes of organisms colonizing almost every ecological niche on earth, they have developed extraordinary metabolic abilities to survive in various and sometimes extreme habitats. Despite this metabolic diversity, insect enzymes have only recently generated interest in industrial applications because only a few metabolic pathways have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we address the biosynthetic route to iridoids (cyclic monoterpenes), a group of secondary metabolites used by some members of the leaf beetle subtribe Chrysomelina as defensive compounds against their enemies. The ability to produce iridoids de novo has also convergently evolved in plants. From plant sources, numerous pharmacologically relevant structures have already been described. In addition, in plants, iridoids serve as building blocks for monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with broad therapeutic applications. As the commercial synthesis of iridoid-based drugs often relies on a semisynthetic approach involving biocatalysts, the discovery of enzymes from the insect iridoid route can account for a valuable resource and economic alternative to the previously used enzymes from the metabolism of plants. Hence, this review illustrates the recent discoveries made on the steps of the iridoid pathway in Chrysomelina leaf beetles. The findings are also placed in the context of the studied counterparts in plants and are further discussed regarding their use in technological approaches.
Collapse
|
49
|
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of indirubin from glucose. J Biotechnol 2018; 267:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
50
|
|