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Landry MJ, Senkus KE, Mangels AR, Guest NS, Pawlak R, Raj S, Handu D, Rozga M. Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors and disease prevention: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 20:100868. [PMID: 39430429 PMCID: PMC11489049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet significantly influences the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. As vegetarian dietary patterns are increasingly being included within clinical practice guidelines, there is a need to review the most recent evidence regarding if and how these dietary patterns mitigate CVD risk. Objective This umbrella review of systematic reviews compared the relationships between vegetarian, vegan and non-vegetarian dietary patterns and CVD health outcomes and risk factors among presumably healthy adults (≥18 years) in the general population. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, Food Science Source and SportsDiscus databases were searched for systematic reviews (SRs) published from 2018 until March 2024. Eligible SRs and meta-analyses examined relationships between vegetarian or vegan diets and CVD risk factors and disease outcomes compared to non-vegetarian diets. SRs were screened in duplicate, and SR quality was assessed with AMSTAR2. The overall certainty of evidence (COE) was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. Results There were 758 articles identified in the databases' search and 21 SRs met inclusion criteria. SRs targeting the general population had primarily observational evidence. Vegetarian, including vegan, dietary patterns were associated with reduced risk for CVD incidence [Relative Risk: 0.85 (0.79, 0.92)] and CVD mortality [Hazard Ratio: 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)] compared to non-vegetarian diets. Vegan dietary patterns were associated with reductions in CVD risk factors including blood pressure [systolic mean difference (95 % CI): -2.56 mmHg (-4.66, -0.445)], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [-0.49 mmol/l (-0.62, -0.36)], and body mass index [-1.72 kg/m2 (-2.30, -1.16)] compared to non-vegetarian dietary patterns, as well as c-reactive protein concentrations in a novel meta-analysis [-0.55 mg/l (-1.07, -0.03)]. Conclusion Practitioners can consider recommending vegetarian dietary patterns to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of CVD incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Landry
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Program in Public Health, 856 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Katelyn E. Senkus
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - A Reed Mangels
- Retired, 190 Walnut Avenue, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States
| | - Nanci S. Guest
- Department of Nutritional Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Pawlak
- Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Sudha Raj
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, David B Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13214, United States
| | - Deepa Handu
- Evidence Analysis Center, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 2190, Chicago, IL 60606-6995, United States
| | - Mary Rozga
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, David B Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13214, United States
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Dean E, Xu J, Jones AYM, Vongsirinavarat M, Lomi C, Kumar P, Ngeh E, Storz MA. An unbiased, sustainable, evidence-informed Universal Food Guide: a timely template for national food guides. Nutr J 2024; 23:126. [PMID: 39425106 PMCID: PMC11487974 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-01018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although national food guides are designed, ostensibly, to translate scientific evidence with respect to food, dietary patterns, and health, their development has increasingly become a corporate/political process as well as scientific one; often with corporate/political influences overriding science. Our aim was to construct an unbiased, sustainable, evidence-informed Universal Food Guide to serve as a template for countries to develop their unique guides, thereby, provide a valid resource for health professionals, health authorities, and the public. METHODS To address our aim, we conducted an integrative review of multiple evidence-informed sources (e.g., established databases, evidence syntheses, scholarly treatises, and policy documents) related to four areas: 1. Food guides' utility and conflicts of interest; 2. The evidence-based healthiest diet; 3. Constituents of the Universal Food Guide template; and 4. Implications for population health; regulation/governance; environment/climate/planetary health; and ethics. RESULTS The eating pattern that is healthiest for humans (i.e., most natural, and associated with maximal health across the life cycle; reduced non-communicable disease (NCD) risk; and minimal end-of-life illness) is whole food, low fat, plant-based, especially vegan, with the absence of ultra-processed food. Disparities in national food guide recommendations can be explained by factors other than science, specifically, corporate/political interests reflected in heavily government-subsidized, animal-sourced products; and trends toward dominance of daily consumption of processed/ultra-processed foods. Both trends have well-documented adverse consequences, i.e., NCDs and endangered environmental/planetary health. Commitment to an evidence-informed plant-based eating pattern, particularly vegan, will reduce risks/manifestations of NCDs; inform healthy food and nutrition policy regulation/governance; support sustainable environment/climate and planetary health; and is ethical with respect to 'best' evidence-based practice, and human and animal welfare. CONCLUSION The Universal Food Guide that serves as a template for national food guides is both urgent and timely given the well-documented health-harming influences that corporate stakeholders/politicians and advisory committees with conflicts of interest, exert on national food guides. Such influence contributes to the largely-preventable NCDs and environmental issues. Policy makers, health professionals, and the public need unbiased, scientific evidence as informed by the Universal Food Guide, to inform their recommendations and choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Jia Xu
- Healing Without Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Alice Yee-Men Jones
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Pintu Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Etienne Ngeh
- Louis University Institute, Douala, Cameroon
- Research Organisation for Health Education and Rehabilitation, and Guideline International Network African Regional Community, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maximilian A Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Moravcová M, Siatka T, Krčmová LK, Matoušová K, Mladěnka P. Biological properties of vitamin B 12. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-33. [PMID: 39376196 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin B12, cobalamin, is indispensable for humans owing to its participation in two biochemical reactions: the conversion of l-methylmalonyl coenzyme A to succinyl coenzyme A, and the formation of methionine by methylation of homocysteine. Eukaryotes, encompassing plants, fungi, animals and humans, do not synthesise vitamin B12, in contrast to prokaryotes. Humans must consume it in their diet. The most important sources include meat, milk and dairy products, fish, shellfish and eggs. Due to this, vegetarians are at risk to develop a vitamin B12 deficiency and it is recommended that they consume fortified food. Vitamin B12 behaves differently to most vitamins of the B complex in several aspects, e.g. it is more stable, has a very specific mechanism of absorption and is stored in large amounts in the organism. This review summarises all its biological aspects (including its structure and natural sources as well as its stability in food, pharmacokinetics and physiological function) as well as causes, symptoms, diagnosis (with a summary of analytical methods for its measurement), prevention and treatment of its deficiency, and its pharmacological use and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moravcová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Tran DQ, Nguyen Di K, Quynh Chi VT, Nguyen HTH. Evaluating the effects of dietary patterns on circulating C-reactive protein levels in the general adult population: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. Br J Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39364652 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Adopting a healthy dietary pattern may be an initial step in combating inflammation-related chronic diseases; however, a comprehensive synthesis evaluating current evidence is lacking. This umbrella review aimed to summarise the current evidence on the effects of dietary patterns on circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in adults. We conducted an exhaustive search of the Pubmed, Scopus and Epistemonikos databases, spanning from their inception to November 2023, to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses across all study designs. Subsequently, we employed a random-effects model to recompute the pooled mean difference. Methodological quality was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) checklist, and evidence certainty was categorised as non-significant, weak, suggestive, highly suggestive or convincing (PROSPERO: CRD42023484917). We included twenty-seven articles with thirty meta-analyses of seven dietary patterns, fifteen of which (50 %) exhibited high methodological quality. The summary effects of randomised controlled trials (RCT) found that the Mediterranean diet was the most effective in reducing circulating CRP levels, followed by Vegetarian/Vegan and Energy-restricted diets, though the evidence was of weak quality. In contrast, Intermittent Fasting, Ketogenic, Nordic and Paleolithic diets did not show an inverse correlation with circulating CRP levels. Some results from combined interventional and observational studies, as well as solely observational studies, also agreed with these findings. These dietary patterns show the potential in reducing CRP levels in adults, yet the lack of high-quality evidence suggests future studies may alter the summary estimates. Therefore, further well-conducted studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Quang Tran
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Nguyen Di
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Quynh Chi
- The University of Danang - School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Danang550000, Vietnam
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Tan J, Li X, Dou N. Insulin Resistance Triggers Atherosclerosis: Caveolin 1 Cooperates with PKCzeta to Block Insulin Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:885-893. [PMID: 37289375 PMCID: PMC11438709 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, therapies for endothelial dysfunction have primarily focused on ameliorating identified atherosclerosis (AS) risk factors rather than explicitly addressing endothelium-based mechanism. An in-depth exploration of the pathological mechanisms of endothelial injury was performed herein. METHODS Aortic caveolin 1 (Cav1) knockdown was achieved in mice using lentivirus, and AS was induced using a high-fat diet. Mouse body weight, blood glucose, insulin, lipid parameters, aortic plaque, endothelial injury, vascular nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), injury marker, and oxidative stress were examined. The effect of Cav1 knockdown on the content of PKCzeta and PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway-related protein levels, as well as PKCzeta binding to Akt, was studied. ZIP, a PKCzeta inhibitor, was utilized to treat HUVECs in vitro, and the effect of ZIP on cell viability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and Akt activation was evaluated. RESULTS Cav1 knockdown had no significant effect on body weight or blood glucose in mice over an 8-week period, whereas drastically reduced insulin, lipid parameters, endothelial damage, E-selectin, and oxidative stress and elevated eNOS levels. Moreover, Cav1 knockdown triggered decreased PKCzeta enrichment and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. PKCzeta has a positive effect on cells without being coupled by Cav1, and ZIP had no marked influence on PKCzeta-Akt binding following Cav1/PKCzeta coupling. CONCLUSION Cav1/PKCzeta coupling antagonizes the activation of PI3K on Akt, leading to eNOS dysfunction, insulin resistance, and endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Thyroid Breast and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081, China
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ning Dou
- Department of Thyroid Breast and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081, China.
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Cui X, Wei W, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Lu M, Li Y, Wu J, Li C. Dietary inflammation and vascular calcification: a comprehensive review of the associations, underlying mechanisms, and prevention strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39340196 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2408447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally, and vascular calcification (VC) has been recognized as an independent and strong predictor of global CVD and mortality. Chronic inflammation has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the progression of VC. This review aims to summarize the literature that aimed to elucidate the associations between dietary inflammation (DI) and VC as well as to explore the mechanisms underlying the association and discuss strategies (including dietary interventions) to prevent VC. Notably, diets rich in processed foods, carbohydrates with high glycemic index/load, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, cholesterol, and phosphorus were found to induce inflammatory responses and accelerate the progression of VC, indicating a close relationship between DI and VC. Moreover, we demonstrate that an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota caused by the intake of specific dietary choices favored the production of certain metabolites that may contribute to the progression of VC. The release of inflammatory and adhesion cytokines, activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders were noted to be the main mechanisms through which DI induced VC. To reduce and slow the progression of VC, emphasis should be placed on the intake of diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, Mg, Zn, and polyphenols, as well as the adjustment of dietary pattern to reduce the risk of VC. This review is expected to be useful for guiding future research on the interplay between DI and VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wendi Wei
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Williams L, Henry C, Simcock B, Amataiti T, Perelini O, Filoche S. 'It's not a solution to keep telling me to lose weight!' Exploring endometrial cancer survivors' experiences of nutrition and well-being advice: A qualitative study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 39242357 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to explore Endometrial cancer (EC) survivors' experiences of being offered nutrition and well-being advice. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted at two tertiary centres in Aotearoa New Zealand. Semi-structured conversations with people who had completed treatment for EC in the past 12 months were undertaken to explore how they were offered nutrition and well-being advice as part of standard follow-up care. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Fifteen people of Pacific, Māori and European ethnicity participated. Five themes were derived: (i) isolation and vulnerability, (ii) importance of language, (iii) inconsistent availability and relevance of nutrition and well-being information, (iv) competing priorities and influences and (v) holistic and culturally responsive support. People often experienced judgement associated with their weight as part of their care, with limited understanding of their lived realities. Nutrition and well-being advice was not widely available or accessible, and people had to explicitly ask for it. Social and environmental factors were barriers to making changes to health behaviours. A need for culturally safe holistic care was identified. CONCLUSION Enhancing survivorship after EC is ultimately premised on providing culturally safe and responsive care. Expanding workforce training in communication around high weight as well as education and self-assessment of cultural safety could enable aspects of this. A holistic care program could facilitate wider access to nutrition and well-being advice and better meet the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Williams
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Henry
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bryony Simcock
- Department of Gynaecology, Christchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora, Waitaha Christchurch - Health New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tutangi Amataiti
- Allied Health, Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand) - Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Perelini
- Oncology Service, Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand) - Te Toka Tumai, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sara Filoche
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Xu Y, Yang X, Yao L, Liu Y, Hao P. Relationship of vegetarianism with body weight loss and ASCVD. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1419743. [PMID: 39262431 PMCID: PMC11389726 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1419743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between a plant-based diet and weight loss and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has not been fully elucidated. We performed a pooled analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate this question. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials on the effects of a plant-based diet on weight loss compared with a non-plant-based diet. In addition, a two-sample MR study was conducted. IVs were obtained from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the exposures, and we obtained summary statistics on the outcomes. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis and other MR methods were performed as supplementary analyses. Results Individuals on the plant-based diet lost more weight than the non-plant-based diet group (WMD -0.96 kg; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.60). Population conditions and energy restriction were identified as the study-level factors that influenced the pooling results in the subgroup analyses. Increased consumption of raw vegetables was significantly associated with lower BMI (IVW, β -0.35, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.08, p = 0.012) and lower risk of obesity (IVW, OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.99, p = 0.048), coronary heart disease (IVW, OR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.92, p = 0.029) and myocardial infarction (IVW, OR 0.39,95% CI: 0.15 to 0.98, p = 0.045) and a higher HDL-C (IVW, β 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.70, p = 4×10-5). Discussion The present findings suggest that raw vegetable intake is beneficial for weight loss and prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuening Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li R, Shao J, Hu C, Xu T, Zhou J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Han M, Ning N, Fan X, Zhou W, Huang R, Ma Y, Jin L. Metabolic risks remain a serious threat to cardiovascular disease: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:1299-1312. [PMID: 38642311 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic factors are major and controllable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and few studies have described this burden. We aim to assess it from 1990 to 2019 and predict the trends through 2034. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) provides data on sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI) levels. Numbers, age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used. Future trends were estimated by NORDPRED model. The deaths cases of metabolic-related CVD increased from 8.61 million (95% UI: 7.91-9.29) to 13.71 million (95% UI: 12.24-14.94) globally. The ASDR continued to decline globally (EAPC = -1.36). The burden was heavier in male and middle-aged people and elderly people. CVD-related ASDR caused by high systolic blood pressure (SBP) had a downward trend globally (EAPC = -1.45), while trends of high body mass index (BMI) (EAPC = 1.29, 1.97, 0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (EAPC = 0.95, 1.08, 0.46) were increasing in the middle, low-middle, and low SDI regions, respectively. Compared to 2015-2019, cumulative deaths will increase by 27.85% from 2030 to 2034, while ASDR will decrease 10.47%. The metabolic-related CVD burden remained high globally and deaths will continue to rise in the future. Men, middle-aged and elderly people were focus of concern. High SBP was globally well-managed over the past 30 years, but the CVD burden due to high BMI and FPG remained high. Exceptional initiatives are needed to regarding interventions targeting high BMI and FPG in middle and lower SDI regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jinang Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengxiang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qitong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengying Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoting Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Hu EA, Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilson MJ, Davey M, Bailey S, Okpara N, Frongillo EA, Wilcox S. Adherence to a culturally adapted soul food vegan diet among African American adults increases diet quality compared to an omnivorous diet in the NEW Soul Study. Nutr Res 2024; 128:1-13. [PMID: 38981142 PMCID: PMC11294497 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Adherence to a vegan diet may lower risk of cardiovascular disease among African Americans (AAs). Feasibility and sustainability of adopting a vegan diet may be challenging among AAs who live in regions where soul food is a predominant cuisine. Our hypothesis was that AAs randomized to a culturally adapted vegan diet will have greater adherence to their assigned diet compared with those randomized to a culturally adapted omnivorous diet. AAs (N = 113) with overweight/obesity from South Carolina were included. Dietary intake was measured at months 0, 3, 6, and 12 using 24-hour recalls. Adherence was defined based on recommended animal product intake for each group. Differences in nutrient intakes and dietary indices (Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 and healthy plant-based diet index) between groups were evaluated using t-tests. At 12 months, adherence was higher to the vegan (51%) versus omnivorous (35%) diet. Participants assigned to the vegan diet had higher intake of carbohydrates (P = .01) and fiber (P < .001), and lower intake of cholesterol P< .001) and protein (P = .001) compared with participants assigned to the omnivorous diet. Participants adherent to the vegan diet had lower cholesterol intake (P < .001) and higher fiber intake (P = .02) compared with those adherent to the omnivorous diet. Compared with those assigned to the omnivorous diet, participants assigned to the vegan diet had higher Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (P = .01) and healthy plant-based diet index (P < .001) scores. AAs with overweight/obesity were more adherent to a culturally adapted vegan diet versus an omnivorous diet after 1 year, and nutrient and food group intake changes were sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mary J Wilson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marty Davey
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shiba Bailey
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nkechi Okpara
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center and Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
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11
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Rizzo G, Storz MA. Editorial: Ethical and sustainable food choice: drivers and health effects. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1455664. [PMID: 39131739 PMCID: PMC11311198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1455664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Raji OE, Kyeremah EB, Sears DD, St-Onge MP, Makarem N. Chrononutrition and Cardiometabolic Health: An Overview of Epidemiological Evidence and Key Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2332. [PMID: 39064774 PMCID: PMC11280377 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is a rapidly evolving field of nutritional epidemiology that addresses the complex relationship between temporal eating patterns, circadian rhythms, and metabolic health, but most prior research has focused on the cardiometabolic consequences of time-restricted feeding and intermittent fasting. The purpose of this topical review is to summarize epidemiological evidence from observational and intervention studies regarding the role of chrononutrition metrics related to eating timing and regularity in cardiometabolic health preservation and cardiovascular disease prevention. Observational studies are limited due to the lack of time-stamped diet data in most population-based studies. Findings from cohort studies generally indicate that breakfast skipping or the later timing of the first eating occasion, a later lunch and dinner, and a greater proportion of caloric intake consumed in the evening are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, including higher risk for coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Randomized controlled trials are also limited, as most in the field of chrononutrition focus on the cardiometabolic consequences of time-restricted feeding. Overall, interventions that shift eating timing patterns to earlier in the day and that restrict evening caloric intake tend to have protective effects on cardiometabolic health, but small sample sizes and short follow-up are notable limitations. Innovation in dietary assessment approaches, to develop low-cost validated tools with acceptable participant burden that reliably capture chrononutrition metrics, is needed for advancing observational evidence. Culturally responsive pragmatic intervention studies with sufficiently large and representative samples are needed to understand the impact of fixed and earlier eating timing schedules on cardiometabolic health. Additional research is warranted to understand the modifiable determinants of temporal eating patterns, to investigate the role of chrononutrition in the context of other dimensions of diet (quantity, quality, and food and nutrition security) in achieving cardiometabolic health equity, and to elucidate underlying physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatimilehin E. Raji
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Esther B. Kyeremah
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (O.E.R.); (E.B.K.)
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13
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Zhu Y, Wu Y, Cheng J, Liang H, Chang Q, Lin F, Li D, Zhou X, Chen X, Pan P, Liu H, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Ambient air pollution, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173120. [PMID: 38750765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is widely acknowledged that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is closely related to the risk of mortality, there were inconsistencies in terms of cause-specific mortality and it is still unknown whether lifestyle and genetic susceptibility could modify the association. METHODS This population-based prospective cohort study involved 461,112 participants from the UK Biobank. The land-use regression model was used to estimate the concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx). The association between air pollution and mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Furthermore, a lifestyle score incorporated with smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet behaviors, and polygenic risk score using 12 genetic variants, were developed to assess the modifying effect of air pollution on mortality outcomes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14.0 years, 33,903 deaths were recorded, including 17,083 (2835; 14,248), 6970, 2429, and 1287 deaths due to cancer (lung cancer, non-lung cancer), cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory and digestive disease, respectively. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, NO2 and NOx was associated with 7 %, 6 % and 5 % higher risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. Specifically, for cause-specific mortality, each IQR increase in PM2.5, NO2 and NOx was also linked to mortality due to cancer (lung cancer and non-lung cancer), CVD, respiratory and digestive disease. Furthermore, additive and multiplicative interactions were identified between high ambient air pollution and unhealthy lifestyle on mortality. In addition, associations between air pollution and mortality were modified by lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, which was modified by lifestyle behaviors. In addition, we also revealed a synergistically detrimental effect between air pollution and an unhealthy lifestyle, suggesting the significance of joint air pollution management and adherence to a healthy lifestyle on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qinyu Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fengyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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14
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Bayindir Gümüş A, Keser A, Gökgöz M, Güngüneş A. Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected packaged vegan foods. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38940372 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
While there are data regarding the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of many foods in the literature, the values for packaged vegan analogue foods have not been previously published, although processed vegan foods usually contain more carbohydrates than their animal-based counterparts. This study was carried out to determine the GI and GL values of a selection of packaged vegan foods popular in Türkiye. To determine the GI and GL of test foods, 12 healthy volunteer females participated in the study. Participants randomly consumed test and reference foods (glucose and white bread) on each trial day, and capillary blood glucose was measured at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 mins in duplicate. The GIs of vegan schnitzel, vegan chickpea burger, vegan mince pita, vegan chocolate, vegan snack bar and vegan cheese were 26.1 ± 19.61 (low), 27.1 ± 17.21 (low), 65.1 ± 28.60 (moderate), 42.7 ± 22.32 (low), 63.6 ± 45.86 (moderate), 36.4 ± 16.85 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 28.2 ± 16.17 (low), 34.7 ± 18.26 (low), 81.2 ± 31.96 (high), 48.8 ± 12.87 (low), 82.0 ± 54.05 (high), 46.7 ± 28.66 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. GLs were 3.5 ± 2.66 (low), 8.6 ± 5.46 (low), 26.6 ± 11.67 (high), 6.1 ± 3.19 (low), 14.2 ± 10.28 (moderate), 5.7 ± 2.63 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 3.8 ± 2.19 (low), 11.0 ± 5.80 (moderate), 33.1 ± 13.04 (high), 7.0 ± 1.84 (low), 18.4 ± 12.12 (moderate), 7.3 ± 4.47 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. The data from this study provide preliminary data for the GIs and GLs of packaged and processed vegan foods and show that the GIs and GLs of meat and cheese vegan analogues, while still low or moderate, tend to be higher than their animal-based counterparts which have lower or no glycaemic responses. Further research on the GIs and GLs of more vegan foods is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Bayindir Gümüş
- First and Emergency Aid Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Alev Keser
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Gökgöz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Aşkın Güngüneş
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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15
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Ma TC, Gao F, Liu XL, Wang CX, Liu Q, Zhou J. Association between dietary inflammatory index and NT-proBNP levels in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304289. [PMID: 38837950 PMCID: PMC11152272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With cardiovascular diseases standing as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, the interplay between diet-induced inflammation, as quantified by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP has not been investigated in the general population. METHODS This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004, encompassing 10,766 individuals. The relationship between the DII and NT-proBNP levels was evaluated through multivariable-adjusted regression models. To pinpoint crucial dietary components influencing NT-proBNP levels, the LASSO regression model was utilized. Stratified analyses were then conducted to examine the associations within specific subgroups to identify differential effects of the DII on NT-proBNP levels across diverse populations. RESULTS In individuals without heart failure, a unit increase in the DII was significantly associated with an increase in NT-proBNP levels. Specifically, NT-proBNP levels rose by 9.69 pg/mL (95% CI: 6.47, 12.91; p < 0.001) without adjustments, 8.57 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.97, 12.17; p < 0.001) after adjusting for demographic factors, and 5.54 pg/mL (95% CI: 1.75, 9.32; p = 0.001) with further adjustments for health variables. In participants with a history of heart failure, those in the second and third DII quartile showed a trend towards higher NT-proBNP levels compared to those in the lowest quartile, with increases of 717.06 pg/mL (95% CI: 76.49-1357.63, p = 0.030) and 855.49 pg/mL (95% CI: 156.57-1554.41, p = 0.018). Significant interactions were observed in subgroup analyses by age (<50: β = 3.63, p = 0.141; 50-75: β = 18.4, p<0.001; >75: β = 56.09, p<0.001), gender (men: β = 17.82, p<0.001; women: β = 7.43, p = 0.061),hypertension (β = 25.73, p<0.001) and diabetes (β = 38.94, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study identified a positive correlation between the DII and NT-proBNP levels, suggesting a robust link between pro-inflammatory diets and increased heart failure biomarkers, with implications for dietary modifications in cardiovascular risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Chi Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Yulin Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Yang Y, Wang J, Su Q, Yang J, Bo Z, Zheng C, Xie Y, Chen K, Wang J, Chen G, Wang Y. The Mediation/Moderation Effects of Gut Microbiota on Sleep Quality and Primary Liver Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization and Case-Control Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:663-674. [PMID: 38841051 PMCID: PMC11152056 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s458491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a fatal malignancy, sleep quality and gut microbiota were shown to be associated with PLC. However, the mechanism of how sleep quality affects PLC is unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediation/moderation effects of gut microbiota on sleep quality and the occurrence of PLC. Methods The causality of sleep quality and the occurrence of PLC was detected through the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on the data including 305,359 individuals (Finland Database) and 456,348 participants (UK Biobank). The primary method used for MR analysis was inverse-variance weighted analysis. Gut microbiota' mediation/moderation effects were uncovered in the case-control study including 254 patients with PLC and 193 people with benign liver diseases through the mediation/moderation effect analyses. People's sleep quality was evaluated through the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results Poor sleep quality could lead to PLC through the MR analysis (P = 0.026). The case-control study uncovered that Actinobacteria had mediation effects on the relationship between PSQI score, self-sleep quality, and the occurrence of PLC (P = 0.048, P = 0.046). Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium could inhibit the development of PLC caused by short night sleep duration (P = 0.021, P = 0.022). Erysipelotrichales could weaken the influence of daytime dysfunction on PLC (P = 0.033). Roseburia modulated the contribution of nocturnal insomnia and poor sleep quality to PLC (P = 0.009, P = 0.017). Conclusion Poor sleep quality was associated with PLC. Gut microbiota' mediation/moderation effects on poor sleep quality and the occurrence of PLC prompted an insightful idea for the prevention of PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhuan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongming Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juejin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Chen L, Ma J, Xu W, Shen F, Yang Z, Sonne C, Dietz R, Li L, Jie X, Li L, Yan G, Zhang X. Comparative transcriptome and methylome of polar bears, giant and red pandas reveal diet-driven adaptive evolution. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13731. [PMID: 38894980 PMCID: PMC11183199 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the evolution of species adaptations, yet little information is available on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in both giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To investigate the potential contribution of epigenetic to the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in giant and red pandas, we performed hepatic comparative transcriptome and methylome analyses between bamboo-eating pandas and carnivorous polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We found that genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and protein metabolism showed significant differences in methylation and expression levels between the two panda species and polar bears. Clustering analysis of gene expression revealed that giant pandas did not form a sister group with the more closely related polar bears, suggesting that the expression pattern of genes in livers of giant pandas and red pandas have evolved convergently driven by their similar diets. Compared to polar bears, some key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biological oxidation and cholesterol synthesis showed hypomethylation and higher expression in giant and red pandas, while genes involved in fat digestion and absorption, fatty acid metabolism, lysine degradation, resistance to lipid peroxidation and detoxification showed hypermethylation and low expression. Our study elucidates the special nutrient utilization mechanism of giant pandas and red pandas and provides some insights into the molecular mechanism of their adaptive evolution of bamboo feeding. This has important implications for the breeding and conservation of giant pandas and red pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinnan Ma
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- College of Continuing EducationYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Wencai Xu
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fujun Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered WildlifeChengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Linzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaodie Jie
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Abrignani V, Salvo A, Pacinella G, Tuttolomondo A. The Mediterranean Diet, Its Microbiome Connections, and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4942. [PMID: 38732161 PMCID: PMC11084172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in minimally processed plant foods and in monounsaturated fats but low in saturated fats, meat, and dairy products, represents one of the most studied diets for cardiovascular health. It has been shown, from both observational and randomized controlled trials, that MD reduces body weight, improves cardiovascular disease surrogates such as waist-to-hip ratios, lipids, and inflammation markers, and even prevents the development of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. However, it is unclear whether it offers cardiovascular benefits from its individual components or as a whole. Furthermore, limitations in the methodology of studies and meta-analyses have raised some concerns over its potential cardiovascular benefits. MD is also associated with characteristic changes in the intestinal microbiota, mediated through its constituents. These include increased growth of species producing short-chain fatty acids, such as Clostridium leptum and Eubacterium rectale, increased growth of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, and reduced growth of Firmicutes and Blautia species. Such changes are known to be favorably associated with inflammation, oxidative status, and overall metabolic health. This review will focus on the effects of MD on cardiovascular health through its action on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Abrignani
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (A.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (A.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (A.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (A.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Sandri E, Sguanci M, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G, Werner LU, Piredda M, Mancin S. Plant-Based Diets versus the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in the Spanish Population: Influence on Health and Lifestyle Habits. Nutrients 2024; 16:1278. [PMID: 38732525 PMCID: PMC11085273 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets are becoming more and more widespread among the Spanish population, progressively replacing the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Different studies have shown the motivations for adherence to these diets, and others have highlighted some health advantages and disadvantages. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Further studies are needed to define the socio-demographic determinants that influence the choice of a plant-based diet and to study the relationship that the choice of dietary pattern has on the health and lifestyle habits of the population. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population. The NutSo-HH questionnaire, developed and validated by the research team, was used to gather socio-demographic, nutritional, social, and lifestyle information through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 22,181 Spanish citizens, of whom only 19,211 were of interest to the study. The socio-demographic variables gender, age, educational level, income level, and place of residence do not seem to influence the prevalence of a plant-based diet (n = 1638) compared to a Mediterranean diet (n = 17,573). People following a vegetarian or vegan diet have a lower BMI, and they consume less fried food, fast food, and ultra-processed dishes and fewer energy drinks or sugary beverages. They also do more exercise and sleep longer hours, smoke less, and consume alcohol less frequently. However, there seem to be more diagnosed eating disorders among people who follow a plant-based diet than those who follow a Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS People who adopt a plant-based diet tend to exhibit healthier lifestyle patterns and consume fewer foods that are detrimental to their health. However, it is essential for such dietary choices to be supervised by healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of maladaptive behaviors evolving into eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Sguanci
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Faculty of Data Science, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
| | - Lisa Ursula Werner
- Faculty of Teaching and Science of Education, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Michela Piredda
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Mancin
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Viale Montpellier, 1, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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20
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Zhang Q, Wang F, Liu J, Li J, Zhang W, Na S, Lu J, Wang Y. Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals toxicological mechanisms of ZhuRiHeng drop pill in the 180-day repeated oral toxicity study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333167. [PMID: 38560353 PMCID: PMC10978746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: ZhuRiHeng Drop Pill (ZRH) is a traditional Mongolian medicinal preparation. Despite its long history of use for the treatment of coronary heart disease, there have been few toxicological studies of the safety profile of ZRH. Purpose: In order to comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the observed toxicity of ZRH on rat livers in the 180-day repeated oral toxicity study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data. Methods: High-resolution mass spectrometry was conducted to evaluate the constituents of ZRH. For the acute oral toxicity study, mice were administered a dose of 32 g/(kg·d) of ZRH, while rats were instead orally administered 0.934, 1.868, or 3.736 g/(kg·d) of ZRH over a 180-day period in a 180-day repeated oral toxicity study. Conventional index and organ weights/histology were then monitored to detect any potential ZRH treatment-related toxicity. To identify key genes and metabolites involved in ZRH toxicological processes, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of liver tissue upon ZRH treatment using RNA-seq techniques, qPCR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Results: A total of 60 compounds in ZRH were identified and speculated in positive and negative ion modes. Mice in the acute toxicity study exhibited no signs of ZRH-related toxicity. In a protracted oral toxicity investigation spanning 180 days, discernible elevations in liver ratios were noted in both male and female rats across all three dose cohorts, relative to the control group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Upon subjecting to ZRH treatment, our transcriptomic and qPCR analyses unveiled notable upregulation of crucial genes, exemplified by Abcb1b and Cyp2b2, known for theirs involvement in liver drug transport and metabolism function. Furthermore, our untargeted metabolomic analysis provided supplementary insights, revealing significant regulation in pyrimidine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways. Conclusion: Our study unveils a panoramic understanding of the temporal, dosage-specific, and gene dimensions surrounding the metabolic and transcriptional shifts induced by ZRH exposure. As we peer into the future, recommendations emerge for further exploration, encompassing aspects such as time dynamics, dosage considerations, and gene-centric avenues to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shengsang Na
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingkun Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuewu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Chwyl C, Metzler AL, Nguyen JT, France M, Karbassi N, Turner-McGrievy G, Wright N, Forman EM. "Mindset Matters": Perseverance, a balanced approach and structured support as facilitators of whole foods plant-based adoption. Appetite 2024; 194:107163. [PMID: 38141878 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Whole foods plant-based diets (WFPBD) show potential for preventing and addressing chronic diseases. However, concerns exist about their acceptability and feasibility. Research on firsthand WFPBD adoption experiences is limited but crucial for promoting dietary change. In a 12-week remotely delivered lifestyle modification program using an ad libitum WFPBD, twenty weight-loss seeking adults (ages 18-75) with overweight or obesity completed self-report surveys and semi-structured interviews via Zoom. The study aimed to explore: (1) experiences with WFPBD adoption; (2) factors that helped or hindered adherence; and (3) perceived salient benefits. Interviews were analyzed inductively through a conventional content analysis, and associations between variables examined with correlational analyses. Participants overall reported WFPBD adoption being a positive, new experience, with an equal number (30%) finding it easy/easier than expected as challenging. Key cited challenges included overwhelm, different eating habits in the household, and meal preparation. Key cited facilitators included adopting an incremental approach to dietary change, persisting after setbacks, and having simple go-to meals. Greater self-compassion and family support, and less sabotage from friends and family corresponded to greater dietary change (rs > 0.45, ps < .05). Participants valued accountability, structure, human support, nutrition psychoeducation and recipes in the program. Three categories emerged regarding perceived benefits of following the WFPBD: physical health benefits, improvements to eating habits, and greater perceived control/agency over health. Results indicate that future interventions should include psychological strategies alongside nutrition education to enhance self-efficacy, address household barriers, and combat feelings of overwhelm through sufficient structure, support, and meal preparation guidance. Messaging around WFPBD may benefit from discussing prevailing positive experiences with adoption, common benefits experienced, and options for an incremental approach given that feasibility and acceptability concerns may deter efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chwyl
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Abigail L Metzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jade T Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Madelyn France
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Nikoo Karbassi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Nicholas Wright
- Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners, Gisborne, New Zealand.
| | - Evan M Forman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Saintila J, Rojas-Humpire R, Newball-Noriega EE, Huancahuire-Vega S, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Calizaya-Milla YE. Analysis of adherence to a healthy lifestyle among vegetarian and non-vegetarian Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299317. [PMID: 38394083 PMCID: PMC10889614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that a healthy lifestyle can promote physical and mental well-being in the general population. However, there are few studies that assess the adherence to a healthy lifestyle in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out considering data from 6,846 students selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used. In addition, sociodemographic and anthropometric data such as weight and height were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS Semi-vegetarian and vegetarian students had a high healthy lifestyle score compared to non-vegetarians. In addition, vegetarian diets showed a significantly higher proportion among students with a lower BMI (normal and underweight). Students with excess body weight (overweight and obesity) were less likely to report healthy lifestyle. In the overall population analyzed, it was observed that the levels of health and lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise and sunlight exposure, were mostly moderate and low. Additionally, sweets intake was high, while healthy food consumption such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains was low. CONCLUSION The current findings show that although vegetarians had better adherence to a healthy lifestyle, interventions in the university setting are needed to improve healthy lifestyle in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Doctorado en Nutrición y Alimentos, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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23
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Koh LM, Iradukunda F, Martínez AD, Caetano Schulz KC, Bielitz I, Walker RK. A remotely accessible plant-based culinary intervention for Latina/o/x adults at risk for diabetes: lessons learned. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1298755. [PMID: 38414490 PMCID: PMC10896850 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1298755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little research has examined how community-engaged and -participatory dietary interventions adapted to remotely-accessible settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To identify lessons learned in design, implementation, and evaluation of a remotely-accessible, community-based, nurse-led approach of a culturally-tailored whole food plant-based culinary intervention for Latina/o/x adults to reduce type 2 diabetes risk, delivered during a pandemic. Methods A mixed methods quasi-experimental design consisting of a pre-post evaluation comprised of questionnaires, culinary classes, biometrics, and focus groups. Lessons learned Community partnerships are essential for successful recruitment/retention. To optimally deliver a remotely-accessible intervention, community leadership and study volunteers should be included in every decision (e.g., timeframes, goals). Recommendations include managing recruitment and supply chain disruption of intervention supplies. Conclusion Future research should focus on increasing accessibility and engagement in minoritized and/or underserved communities, supply chain including quality assurance and delivery of services/goods, study design for sustainable, remotely-accessible interventions, and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Koh
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Favorite Iradukunda
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Airín D Martínez
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Irene Bielitz
- Independent Researcher, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Rae K Walker
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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24
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Saz-Lara A, Battino M, Del Saz Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Dávalos A, López de Las Hazas MC, Visioli F, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Giampieri F. Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2024; 15:1135-1143. [PMID: 38230750 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis are known risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vegetarian diets have been associated with cardiovascular benefits, including improvements in metabolic parameters. However, the impact of a vegetarian diet on cardiovascular parameters, specifically arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, in healthy individuals remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to analyze differences in arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following established guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies examining the association between vegetarian and omnivorous diets with arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. Cross-sectional studies reporting carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWv) as a measure of arterial stiffness and carotid intima media thickness (c-IMT) as a measure of atherosclerosis were included. Data were synthesized using random effects models, and sensitivity analyses, meta-regressions, and assessment of publication bias were performed. Results: Ten studies were included in the systematic review, and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis demonstrated that individuals following a vegetarian diet had differences in the levels of arterial stiffness (cf-PWv) compared to those following an omnivorous diet (MD: -0.43 m s-1; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.23). Similarly, atherosclerosis (c-IMT) was found to be different in individuals adhering to a vegetarian dietary pattern (MD = -29.86 mm; 95% CI: -58.41, -1.32). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a vegetarian diet is associated with improved arterial stiffness and reduced atherosclerosis in healthy individuals. These results support the inclusion of a well-balanced vegetarian dietary pattern in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. However, further research is needed to explore the effects of a vegetarian diet on arterial health in diverse populations and to assess long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Ancona, 60130, Italy
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Andrea Del Saz Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, Santander, 39011, Spain
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25
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Ren Y, Feng Y, Qing J, Zhang P, Xiao L, Liang X. The correlation between nuts and algae-less diet and children's blood pressure: from a cross-sectional study in Chongqing. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2180024. [PMID: 36823777 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts and algae have been shown to improve BP levels, but their effectiveness is controversial. AIMS This study aims to illustrate the effect of dietary pattern with nuts and algae-less on BP levels in children and adolescents from a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 5645 children from the Chongqing Children's Health Cohort, aged 9.34 ± 1.74 years with 52.05% males, were analyzed. Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the differences between the two dietary patterns in urban or rural areas, as well as the differences in different gender. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors of increased BP. And a GLM was used to analyze the influence of the two dietary patterns on systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg), and mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg). RESULTS Children with nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had higher SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 vs 103.81 ± 9.74, P = .006), DBP (64.27 ± 7.53 vs 63.55 ± 7.52, P = .002), and MAP (77.74 ± 7.75 vs 76.97 ± 7.52, P = .001) compared with those children with a balanced diet. After adjusting for covariates, the nuts and algae-less diet was a risk factor for hypertension in children when compared with the balanced diet(OR(95%CI):1.455(1.097,1.930), P = .009). The nuts and algae-less diet has a significant influence on SBP (104.68 ± 10.31 mmHg vs.103.81 ± 9.74 mmHg, P = .006). Stratified analysis by sex showed that nuts and algae-less dietary patterns had a more significant impact on females than males. CONCLUSION Nuts and algae-less dietary pattern correlated with increased BP levels in children, and a greater impact on SBP levels was found in females, suggesting that a balanced diet with appropriate nuts and algae should be proposed for children in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ren
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Qing
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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Dunk MM, Li J, Liu S, Casanova R, Chen JC, Espeland MA, Hayden KM, Manson JE, Rapp SR, Shadyab AH, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Wild R, Driscoll I. Associations of dietary cholesterol and fat, blood lipids, and risk for dementia in older women vary by APOE genotype. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5742-5754. [PMID: 37438877 PMCID: PMC10784407 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether apolipoprotein E's (APOE's) involvement in lipid metabolism contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk remains unknown. METHODS Incident probable dementia and cognitive impairment (probable dementia+mild cognitive impairment) were analyzed in relation to baseline serum lipids (total, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], non-HDL cholesterol, total-to-HDL, LDL-to-HDL, remnant cholesterol, and triglycerides) using Mendelian randomization in 5358 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. We also examined associations of baseline dietary cholesterol and fat with lipids based on APOE status. RESULTS After an average of 11.13 years, less favorable lipid levels related to greater dementia and cognitive impairment risk. Dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.31 to 4.24) and cognitive impairment (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.85 to 3.06) risk were greatest in relation to higher remnant cholesterol levels. Greater cholesterol consumption related to poorer lipids in APOE4+ compared to APOE3 carriers. DISCUSSION APOE4+ carriers consuming more cholesterol had less favorable lipids, which were associated with greater dementia and cognitive impairment risk. HIGHLIGHTS Less favorable serum lipids were associated with higher dementia incidence. Mendelian randomization findings suggest causality between lipids and dementia. Lipid levels in older women may be clinical indicators of dementia risk. APOE4 carriers had poorest lipid profiles in relation to cholesterol consumption. APOE risk for dementia may be modifiable through lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Dunk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Hebert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Linda G. Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert Wild
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Zhou Y, Qian C, Tang Y, Song M, Zhang T, Dong G, Zheng W, Yang C, Zhong C, Wang A, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Advance in the pharmacological effects of quercetin in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4999-5016. [PMID: 37491826 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant activity of quercetin has been extensively reported, in particular, its impacts on glutathione, enzyme activity, signaling transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin has also been demonstrated to exert a striking antiinflammatory effect mainly by inhibiting the production of cytokines, reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and preserving the integrity of mast cells. By regulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are regarded as two critical processes involved in the defense and regular physiological operation of biological systems, quercetin has been validated to be effective in treating a variety of disorders. Symptoms of these reactions have been linked to degenerative processes and metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegeneration, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite that evidence demonstrates that antioxidants are employed to prevent excessive oxidative and inflammatory processes, there are still concerns regarding the expense, accessibility, and side effects of agents. Notably, natural products, especially those derived from plants, are widely accessible, affordable, and generally safe. In this review, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory abilities of the active ingredient quercetin and its application in oxidative stress-related disorders have been outlined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongjin Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Berke A, Larson K. The negative impact of vegetarian and vegan labels: Results from randomized controlled experiments with US consumers. Appetite 2023; 188:106767. [PMID: 37429438 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Reducing consumption of animal products is a critically important challenge in efforts to mitigate the climate crisis. Despite this, meals containing animal products are often presented as the default versus more environmentally sustainable vegetarian or vegan options. We tested whether vegetarian and vegan labels on menu items negatively impact the likelihood of US consumers choosing these items by using a between-subjects experimental design, where participants chose a preference between two items. Menu items were presented with titles and descriptions typical at restaurants, and a random group saw "vegan" or "vegetarian" labels in the titles of one of the two items. Two field studies were conducted at a US academic institution, where people selected what to eat via event registration forms. The methodology was extended to an online study, where US consumers selected what to hypothetically eat in a series of choice questions. Overall, results showed the menu items were significantly less likely to be chosen when they were labeled, with much larger effects in the field studies, where choice was not hypothetical. In addition, the online study showed male participants had a significantly higher preference for options containing meat versus other participants. Results did not indicate the impact of labels differed by gender. Furthermore, this study did not find that vegetarians and vegans were more likely to choose items with meat when the labels were removed, indicating that removing labels did not negatively impact them. The results suggest removing vegetarian and vegan labels from menus could help guide US consumers towards reduced consumption of animal products.
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Mekonene M, Gebremedhin S, Bikila D, Ashebir G, Baye K. Association of fruit and vegetable intake with predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among hypertensive patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075893. [PMID: 37640463 PMCID: PMC10462971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In low-income countries, such as Ethiopia, few studies have evaluated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among hypertensive patients. We assessed the 10-year CVD risk of hypertensive patients. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was part of a larger survey conducted in Addis Ababa. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) algorithm based on seven sex-specific risk factors as well as a country-specific Globorisk score. Fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, salt intake and stress levels were measured with 24-hour dietary recall, INTERSALT equation and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to explore the association. SETTING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 191 patients diagnosed with hypertension. OUTCOME MEASURES Predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients. RESULTS A total of 42.4%, 27.7% and 29.8% of hypertensive patients were at low, moderate and high CVD risks, respectively. The majority (80.1%) of patients consumed inadequate FV, 95.7% consumed salt >5 g/day and 58.1% had moderate to high-stress levels. There was a substantial agreement between the FRS and Globorisk prediction models (weighted kappa 0.77). In the unadjusted model, FV consumption (>450 g/day) and total fruit intake in the highest tertile were associated with 14.2% and 6.7% lower CVD risk, respectively. After adjusting for lifestyle factors, increasing FV intake from 120 to 450 g/day was significantly related to 11.1%-15.2% lower CVD risk in a dose-response manner. Additionally, total fruit, but not total vegetable intake in the highest tertile, was significantly associated with decreased CVD risk. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of CVD risk among hypertensive patients. High FV consumption was inversely associated with CVD risk. This suggests that patients should be advised to increase FV intake to minimise CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Mekonene
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Sport Science Academy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Gebremedhin
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Demiraw Bikila
- National Clinical Chemistry Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Genet Ashebir
- National Clinical Chemistry Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Petermann-Rocha F, Ho FK. Vegetarians: Past, Present, and Future Regarding Their Diet Quality and Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:3587. [PMID: 37630777 PMCID: PMC10459486 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "vegetarian" usually refers to individuals who exclude meat, fish, poultry and/or their derived products from their diet [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK;
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Gao D, Cho CW, Yang Z, Li X, Kang JS. Identification and Quantitation of the Bioactive Components in Wasted Aralia elata Leaves Extract with Endothelial Protective Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5907. [PMID: 37570877 PMCID: PMC10421206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aralia elata, a renowned medicinal plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, has gained attention for its potential therapeutic applications. However, the leaves of this plant have been largely overlooked and discarded due to limited knowledge of their biological activity and chemical composition. To bridge this gap, a comprehensive study was conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of the 70% ethanol extract derived from Aralia elata leaves (LAE) for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Initially, the cytotoxic effects of LAE on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed, revealing no toxicity within concentrations up to 5 μg/mL. This suggests that LAE could serve as a safe raw material for the development of health supplements and drugs aimed at promoting cardiovascular well-being. Furthermore, the study found that LAE extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in HUVECs by modulating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings are particularly significant as inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of CVD. Moreover, LAE extract exhibited the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, which are pivotal in leukocyte migration to inflamed blood vessels observed in various pathological conditions. In conjunction with the investigation on therapeutic potential, the study also established an optimal HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS method to identify and confirm the chemical constituents present in 24 samples collected from distinct regions in South Korea. Tentative identification revealed the presence of 14 saponins and nine phenolic compounds, while further analysis using PCA and PLS-DA allowed for the differentiation of samples based on their geographical origins. Notably, specific compounds such as chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and quercitrin emerged as marker compounds responsible for distinguishing samples from different regions. Overall, by unraveling its endothelial protective activity and identifying key chemical constituents, this research not only offers valuable insights for the development of novel treatments but also underscores the importance of utilizing and preserving natural resources efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Chong-Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zemin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (D.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jong-Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
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Carballo-Casla A, Dunk MM, Donat-Vargas C, Xu W. Could dietary nitrate affect dementia development? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:347-348. [PMID: 37536865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carballo-Casla
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michelle M Dunk
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) and Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Charuta A, Paziewska A. The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3368. [PMID: 37571305 PMCID: PMC10421332 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (D.D.); (K.K.); (A.C.)
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Agnoli C, Baroni L, Bertini I, Ciappellano S, Fabbri A, Goggi S, Metro D, Papa M, Sbarbati R, Scarino ML, Pellegrini N, Sieri S. A comprehensive review of healthy effects of vegetarian diets. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1308-1315. [PMID: 37217433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A comprehensive review comparing the effect of vegetarian (V) and non-vegetarian (NV) diets on the major cardiometabolic diseases' outcomes was performed. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed literature research (up to December 31, 2022) of the evidence separately for vascular disease (VD), obesity (OB), dyslipidemia (Dysl), hypertension (HPT), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), analyzing only cohort studies and randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and comparing the effect of V and NV diets. Cohort studies showed advantages of V diets compared to NV diets on incidence and/or mortality risk for ischemic heart disease, overweight and OB risk. Most cohort studies showed V had lower risk of HPT and lower blood pressure (BP) than NV and V diets had positive effects on T2D risk or plasma parameters. The few cohort studies on the risk of MetS reported mixed results. In RCTs, V diets, mainly low-fat-vegan ones, led to greater weight loss and improved glycemic control than NV diets and in the only one RCT a partial regression of coronary atherosclerosis. In most RCTs, V diets significantly reduced LDL-C levels (but also decreased HDL-C levels) and BP. CONCLUSIONS In this comprehensive review of the association between V diets and cardiometabolic outcomes, we found that following this type of diet may help to prevent most of these diseases. However, the non-uniformity of the studies, due to ethnic, cultural, and methodological differences, does not allow for generalizing the present results and drawing definitive conclusions. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm the consistency of our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition - SSNV, Venice (VE), Italy
| | | | - S Ciappellano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Fabbri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - S Goggi
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Plant Based Clinic, via Giannone 9, 20154, Milano, Italy
| | - D Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Papa
- Messina Provincial Health Authority, Messina, Italy
| | | | - M L Scarino
- Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - N Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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35
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Tsai CK, Nfor ON, Tantoh DM, Lu WY, Liaw YP. The association between vegetarian diet and varicose veins might be more prominent in men than in women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1046158. [PMID: 37324727 PMCID: PMC10267867 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1046158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Varicose veins (VVs), a common vascular disease is associated with a huge medical burden. The prevalence in women surpasses that in men. The role of vegetarian diets in the pathogenesis of the disease remains inconclusive. In this study, we examined the risk of VVs in vegetarian and non-vegetarian men and women. Methods The study involved 9905 adults whose data were obtained from Taiwan Biobank between 2008 and 2020. Information on VVs, sex, and vegetarian diets was obtained from participants' self-responses to the Taiwan Biobank questionnaires. Results The study subjects consisted of 4,142 men and 5,763 women. About 12% of men and 35% of women had VVs. Study participants were predominantly non-vegetarians (91.84% were men and 88.24% were women). Women had a higher risk of VVs than men. The odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI) was 3.414; 2.995-3.891. There was a significant interaction between sex and vegetarian diets (p = 0.0034). Women were at higher risk of VVs than men both in the vegetarian (OR = 1.877, 95% CI = 1.270-2.774) and non-vegetarian (OR = 3.674, 95% CI = 3.197-4.223) groups. Based on vegetarian diets, only vegetarian men had a higher risk of VVs (OR = 1.453, 95% CI = 1.069 to 1.976). Based on the sex-stratified model, the risk of VVs was significantly higher in vegetarian men (OR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.072-1.979), and in vegetarian and non-vegetarian women with corresponding ORs (95% CI) of 3.101 (2.528-3.803) and 3.599 (3.140-4.124), respectively. Conclusion Women were more susceptible to varicose veins compared to men, regardless of diet. However, in terms of diet, only men who followed a vegetarian diet were at greater risk for developing VVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ken Tsai
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Vasiloglou MF, Elortegui Pascual P, Scuccimarra EA, Plestina R, Mainardi F, Mak TN, Ronga F, Drewnowski A. Assessing the Quality of Simulated Food Patterns with Reduced Animal Protein Using Meal Data from NHANES 2017-2018. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112572. [PMID: 37299536 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional consequences of progressively replacing meat products with plant-based foods need to be systematically evaluated. Modeling analyses provide insights into the predicted food consumption and nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets. We developed a novel methodology to simulate food patterns and evaluate diet quality. Meal data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 was used to create 100 7-day meal plans subject to various nutrient and food group optimization criteria. Omnivore (reference diet), flexitarian, pescatarian, and vegetarian food patterns were modeled using mixed integer linear programming. The modeled food patterns used the 25th and 75th percentiles of the US Usual Dietary Intakes to set the optimization constraints. The diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). The modeled vegetarian, pescatarian, and flexitarian food patterns outperformed the omnivore diet on the HEI-2015, with the vegetarian pattern achieving the highest score (82 for females, 78 for males). Modeled flexitarian patterns, with a 25 to 75% reduction in animal protein, offer viable options for those seeking to reduce but not eliminate their animal protein intake while supporting the transition from omnivore to fully plant-based diets. This methodology could be applied to evaluate the nutrient and diet quality of different dietary patterns with various constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Vasiloglou
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric A Scuccimarra
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roko Plestina
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Mainardi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tsz-Ning Mak
- Nestlé Institute of Health Science Singapore Hub, 29 Quality Road, Singapore 618802, Singapore
| | - Frédéric Ronga
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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37
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Bryant C, Ross E, Flores C. Going through changes: A longitudinal study of meat reduction over time in the UK. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Hargreaves SM, Rosenfeld DL, Moreira AVB, Zandonadi RP. Plant-based and vegetarian diets: an overview and definition of these dietary patterns. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1109-1121. [PMID: 36681744 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to present an overview of the definitions of "plant-based and "vegetarian diets" adopted by different organizations worldwide, proposing new standard definitions and discussing the notion of vegetarianism as a restrictive dietary pattern. METHODS An extensive literature review on the different definitions of vegetarian and plant-based diets was conducted. Definitions of different international vegetarian and vegan organizations were also taken into account. Objective definitions for vegetarian and plant-based diets, as well as for their subcategories, were proposed. Other aspects related to how vegetarian diets are viewed and defined were also discussed. RESULTS We proposed that a vegetarian diet should be defined as "a dietary pattern that excludes meat, meat-derived foods, and, to different extents, other animal products". This definition would include, among others, ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets. The proposed definition for a plant-based diet was "a dietary pattern in which foods of animal origin are totally or mostly excluded". Other types of diets, such as flexitarian and pescetarian diets, could be considered plant-based. A vegetarian diet should not be considered restrictive. Instead, terms such as alternative or non-conventional could be used to define it and to distinguish it from the conventional diet adopted by most of the Western population. CONCLUSION This paper was able to elaborate objective definitions of vegetarian and plant-based diets. Standardizing nomenclatures may reduce misinterpretation and confusion in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Minari Hargreaves
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel L Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Xu Y, Mo G, Yao Y, Li C. The effects of vegetarian diets on glycemia and lipid parameters in adult patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01283-x. [PMID: 36964271 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials have reported the effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids and glucose homeostasis in adults, but not in overweight or obese individuals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids and glucose homeostasis in overweight or obese adults by systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through October 2021. We chose to include overweight or obese patients in the studies of the vegetarian diet for metabolic control. Seven trials with a total of 783 overweight or obese adult were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis of the data revealed that the vegetarian diets significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.16), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD, -0.37; 95% CI, -0.52 to -0.22), and HbA1c (WMD (%), -0.33; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.11). The vegetarian diets had an elevated effect on blood triglycerides (WMD, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.47). However, there were no significant effects of vegetarian diets on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), Fasting plasma glucose(FPG), and HOMA-IR in these individuals. The results of this study suggest that vegetarian diets effectively reduce LDL-C, TC, and HbA1c levels, thus functioning as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the metabolic dysfunction in overweight or obese individuals. However, further large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm the validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Guli Mo
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
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Bender C, Candi I, Rogel E. Efficacy of Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Food Supplements on Reducing Lipid Oxidation in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065521. [PMID: 36982623 PMCID: PMC10054451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we report the efficacy of two food supplements derived from olives in reducing lipid oxidation. To this end, 12 healthy volunteers received a single dose (25 mL) of olive phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT), provided as a liquid dietary supplement (30.6 or 61.5 mg HT), followed by an investigation of two reliable markers of oxidative stress. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h post-intake. Plasma-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol levels were measured with ELISA using a monoclonal antibody, while F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) were quantified in urine with UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Despite the great variability observed between individuals, a tendency to reduce lipoxidation reactions was observed in the blood in response to a single intake of the food supplements. In addition, the subgroup of individuals with the highest baseline oxLDL level showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in F2-IsoPs at 0.5 and 12 h post-intervention. These promising results suggest that HT supplementation could be a useful aid in preventing lipoxidation. Additionally, people with a redox imbalance could benefit even more from supplementing with bioavailable HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bender
- Institut Kurz GmbH, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Istituto Kurz Italia S.R.L., 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-0521712675
| | | | - Eva Rogel
- Institut Kurz GmbH, 50829 Köln, Germany
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Vallikkadan MS, Dhanapal L, Dutta S, Sivakamasundari SK, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Meat Alternatives: Evolution, Structuring Techniques, Trends, and Challenges. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-023-09332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Petermann-Rocha F, Celis-Morales C, Pell JP, Ho FK. Do all vegetarians have a lower cardiovascular risk? A prospective study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:269-276. [PMID: 36716619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetarian diets are heterogeneous and their health benefits may vary. This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular risk among vegetarian diets that meet existing health guidelines, those that do not, and diets that include red meat. METHODS 391,124 participants (55.5% women) from the UK Biobank prospective population-based study were included. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, participants were categorised into lacto-vegetarian or meat-eaters. Then, both groups were dichotomised into a healthier and less healthy group using an unweighted score based on current UK guidelines. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) incidence - both separately and as a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) - were the outcomes included. Associations between types of diets and health outcomes were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounder factors. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 10.4 years, there were 40,048 MACE. When the analyses were adjusted for prevalent morbidity and lifestyle factors, people who followed healthier vegetarian and meat-eater diets had 18% (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.92) and 5% (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.97) lower risk of MACE than less healthy meat-eaters. Similar patterns were identified for the individual outcomes, with the strongest association observed for MI. The cardiovaculasr risk among less healthy vegetarians and less healthy meat-eaters were not significnatly different. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarian diets are heterogeneous and the cardiovascular risk varied accordingly. Future studies should consider the overall dietary patterns of vegetarians rather than just based on meat consumption. Guidelines advocating a plant-based diet need to stress the importance of overall diet quality in addition to the reduction of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jill P Pell
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Tyrovola D, Soulaidopoulos S, Tsioufis C, Lazaros G. The Role of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Concepts and Trends. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051064. [PMID: 36904064 PMCID: PMC10005442 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide [...].
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Wang W, Liu Y, Li Y, Luo B, Lin Z, Chen K, Liu Y. Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e212. [PMID: 36776765 PMCID: PMC9899878 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food-based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting-edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine CardiologyXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Ni X, Liu L, Yao Y, Zhang C, Su H, Lv Y, Li R, Sun L, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Yang Z, Chen Z, He W, Zhu H, Zhang S, Hu C, Yuan H. The genetic correlation and causal association between key factors that influence vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease incidence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1096662. [PMID: 36776247 PMCID: PMC9908996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1096662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum calcium (Ca), vitamin D (VD), and vitamin K (VK) levels are key determinants of vascular calcification, which itself impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The specific relationships between the levels of these different compounds and particular forms of CVD, however, remain to be fully defined. Objective This study was designed to explore the associations between these serum levels and CVDs with the goal of identifying natural interventions capable of controlling vascular calcification and thereby protecting against CVD pathogenesis, extending the healthy lifespan of at-risk individuals. Methods Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework were leveraged to systematically examine the causal interplay between these serum levels and nine forms of CVD, as well as longevity through the use of large publically accessible Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) datasets. The optimal concentrations of serum Ca and VD to lower CVD risk were examined through a restrictive cubic spline (RCS) approach. Results After Bonferroni correction, the positive genetic correlations were observed between serum Ca levels and myocardial infarction (MI) (p = 1.356E-04), as well as coronary artery disease (CAD) (p = 3.601E-04). Negative genetic correlations were detected between levels of VD and CAD (p = 0.035), while elevated VK1 concentrations were causally associated with heart failure (HF) [odds ratios (OR) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase: 1.044], large artery stroke (LAS) (OR per 1-SD increase: 1.172), and all stroke (AS) (OR per 1-SD increase: 1.041). Higher serum Ca concentrations (OR per 1-SD increase: 0.865) and VD levels (OR per 1-SD increase: 0.777) were causally associated with reduced odds of longevity. These findings remained consistent in sensitivity analyses, and serum Ca and VD concentrations of 2.376 mmol/L and 46.8 nmol/L, respectively, were associated with a lower CVD risk (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings support a genetic correlation between serum Ca and VD and CVD risk, and a causal relationship between VK1 levels and CVD risk. The optimal serum Ca (2.376 mmol/L) and VD levels (46.8 nmol/L) can reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yao Yao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yuan Lv
- Jiangbin Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoguan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Huolan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyou Hu
- Jiangbin Hospital, Zhenjiang, China,Caiyou Hu,
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Huiping Yuan,
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Dietary Antioxidants, Quality of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Characteristics among Omnivores, Flexitarians and Vegetarians in Poland-The Results of Multicenter National Representative Survey WOBASZ. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020222. [PMID: 36829779 PMCID: PMC9952668 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that more plant-based dietary patterns provide a higher intake of antioxidants compared to diets rich in meat and animal products. Data on the intake of key nutrients in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in relation to particular diets in countries of Central and Eastern Europe are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess quality of nutrition and CVD characteristics in a representative sample of Polish adults following different dietary patterns. Special regard was paid to the intake of natural antioxidants. The study comprised 13,318 (7159 females) randomly selected adults aged ≥ 20 years participating in the National Multicentre Health Surveys WOBASZ and WOBASZ II. The subjects were categorized into groups of omnivores (92.4%), flexitarians (7.4%) and vegetarians (0.16%) according to type of diet using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall. The obtained results showed that neither flexitarians nor vegetarians represented better dietary habits or lifestyle behaviors compared to omnivores. Flexitarians had significantly lower daily energy intake than omnivores, but their diet was rich in total fat (above 30% of daily energy consumption) and low in fiber. Omnivores declared a higher consumption of fresh vegetables (p < 0.001), fresh fruit (p < 0.01), coffee (p < 0.01) and tea (p < 0.05, in women only) than flexitarians. Omnivores had significantly higher intake of natural antioxidants (vitamin C, E, zinc in both genders and vitamin A in men) as compared with flexitarians. Among women, the highest adherence to the intake of recommended amounts of antioxidant nutrients was noted among omnivores. Among men, vegetarians had the highest proportion of meeting the guidelines for vitamin A (77.8%), E (66.7%) and C (66.7%), while the lowest proportions were found in flexitarians (69.9%, 39.5% and 32.4%, respectively). The groups did not differ in terms of smoking and physical activity level. There were no significant differences in the analyzed CVD characteristics between omnivores and flexitarians. In women, vegetarians had substantially lower BMI than omnivores (p < 0.05) and flexitarians (p < 0.05) and a lower mean serum glucose compared with omnivores (p < 0.01) and flexitarians (p < 0.05). Vegetarians had lower prevalence of hypertension and obesity than meat eaters. In conclusion, the results of the current research showed an inappropriate intake of several nutrients, including highly potent antioxidants, irrespective of the dietary regimen. Flexitarians did not have a more favorable CVD profile than omnivores. Taking into account the growing popularity of diets with reduced animal products, there is a need to elaborate strategies providing Polish adults with guidance regarding properly balanced nutrition.
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Ma TC, Zhou J, Wang CX, Lin ZZ, Gao F. Associations between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and S-Klotho plasma levels: A cross-sectional analysis in middle-to-older aged adults. Front Nutr 2023; 9:904745. [PMID: 36712541 PMCID: PMC9875035 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a dietary index developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to determine whether a diet adheres to US dietary guidelines. Soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) is a protein with essential anti-aging properties. However, whether HEI is linked to S-Klotho plasma levels is still debatable. This study aimed to assess the association between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho in middle-to-older aged adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016. Methods The study included 8456 middle-to-older aged (40-79 years old) participants. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate the correlation between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations. General additive models and two-piece-wise regression models were used to investigate the possible non-linear relationships between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations. Moreover, a stratified analysis of potential influencing factors was performed. Results A positive correlation was observed between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho plasma levels (β = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.27, P = 0.0067). According to the two-piece-wise regression, the turning point of HEI-2015 was 45.15. When the range of HEI-2015 was from 0 to 45.15, the relationship between HEI and S-Klotho was insignificant (β = -0.87, 95% CI: -2.47, 0.73, P = 0.2858). However, when the range of HEI-2015 was from 45.15 to 100, HEI-2015 increased by 1 unit, the S-Klotho increased by 1.30 pg/ml (β = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.05, P = 0.0007), suggesting a dose-response relationship. Furthermore, the stratified analysis showed that the association between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations was more significant in people with normal body mass index (P-interaction = 0.0161). Conclusion There is a dose-response relationship between the HEI-2015 and S-Klotho in the middle-to-older aged adults. This relationship suggests that adherence to healthy dietary patterns may benefit the prevention of aging and health maintenance. The underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
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Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Gut Microbiota Modulation for Therapeutic Management of Various Diseases: A New Perspective Using Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 35196976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220222105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and metabolic illnesses to cancer. Restoring of gut microbiota balance represents an outstanding clinical target for the management of various multidrug-resistant diseases. Preservation of gut microbial diversity and composition could also improve stem cell therapy which now has diverse clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Gut microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy may be considered a highly promising field that could add up towards the improvement of different diseases, increasing the outcome and efficacy of each other through mutual interplay or interaction between both therapies. Importantly, more investigations are required to reveal the cross-talk between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy to pave the way for the development of new therapies with enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of dysbiosis in various diseases and their management. It also discusses microbiota modulation via antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant to introduce the concept of dysbiosis correction for the management of various diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial interactions between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy as a way for the development of new therapies in addition to limitations and future challenges regarding the applications of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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COVID-19: Reducing the risk via diet and lifestyle. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:1-16. [PMID: 36333177 PMCID: PMC9550279 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review shows that relatively simple changes to diet and lifestyle can significantly, and rapidly, reduce the risks associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection risk, severity of disease, and even disease-related mortality. A wide range of interventions including regular exercise, adequate sleep, plant-based diets, maintenance of healthy weight, dietary supplementation, and time in nature have each been shown to have beneficial effects for supporting more positive health outcomes with COVID-19, in addition to promoting better overall health. This paper brings together literature from these areas and presents the argument that non-pharmaceutical approaches should not be overlooked in our response to COVID-19. It is noted that, in several cases, interventions discussed result in risk reductions equivalent to, or even greater than, those associated with currently available vaccines. Where the balance of evidence suggests benefits, and the risk is minimal to none, it is suggested that communicating the power of individual actions to the public becomes morally imperative. Further, many lives could be saved, and many harms from the vaccine mandates avoided, if we were willing to embrace this lifestyle-centred approach in our efforts to deal with COVID-19.
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Kolbuszewska M, Anderson J, Milyavskaya M. Autonomous motivation, goal-facilitating behaviours, and dietary goal progress in individuals transitioning to a veg*n diet: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019714. [PMID: 36619095 PMCID: PMC9815618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have consistently shown that autonomous motivation - pursuing goals because one wants to, rather than has to - is associated with greater behaviour maintenance in the context of healthy eating, exercise, and diet maintenance. The present study used a 7-wave longitudinal design to examine how autonomous motivation is related to dietary goal progress in individuals (N = 222) transitioning to a veg*n (i.e., vegetarian or vegan) diet. We hypothesized that when people reported more autonomous motivation (compared to their own average) they would be more successful in reaching their dietary goals. We also explored the role of goal-facilitating behaviours in this process. We found no directional effects of relative autonomous motivation on goal progress or goal-facilitating behaviours, although the concurrent relations were significant. There were also no within-person effects of behaviours on progress. These findings shed light onto the relationship between autonomous motivation, behaviours, and goal progress both at the same time and over time, and highlight the importance of examining within-person fluctuations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kolbuszewska
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marina Milyavskaya
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Marina Milyavskaya,
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