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Al-walah MA, Donnelly M, Alhusaini AA, Heron N. Pre-school-based behaviour change intervention to increase physical activity levels amongst young children: a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1379582. [PMID: 38756888 PMCID: PMC11096494 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1379582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A significant rise in childhood obesity worldwide over the past three decades highlights the urgent need for early interventions, especially in preschools as key settings for child development. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and fidelity of a randomised controlled trial of "I'm an Active Hero" (IAAH), a theory- and evidence-based multi-component behaviour change intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviour amongst preschool-aged children. Methods Two preschools in Taif city, Saudi Arabia were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 3 classrooms) or the usual curriculum control group (n = 3 classrooms). The intervention ran for 10 weeks from February to April 2023 and consisted of teacher-led physical activity and sedentary behaviour sessions in preschools, with an additional interactive home component. Primary outcome measures included intervention fidelity, recruitment rates, attrition rates, and compliance with trial procedures. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), objectively measured physical activity, and sedentary time via the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 10 weeks in both study arms. Results The preschool intervention component had high fidelity (93.3%), but the home component fidelity was lower (74%). A cluster-level recruitment rate of 12% (13/112 centres) was attained, whilst the individual-level recruitment rate stood at 36% (52/143 children, mean age of 4.16 years; 23 girls). Attrition was 10%. Compliance varied with 90% for BMI, 71% for accelerometery, and 45% for questionnaires. The intervention group showed small decreases in BMI, slight increases in physical activity, and decreases in sedentary time at follow-up compared to the control group. Parents, facilitators, and assistant teachers considered the intervention to be feasible and beneficial. Conclusion The IAAH intervention was feasible to implement in Saudi Arabian preschools. Facilitators showed high fidelity in delivering it. However, preliminary data did not demonstrate effectiveness. A more comprehensive evaluation across a broader population is warranted. The intervention could be revised to optimise recruitment, compliance, and fidelity of the home-based component. Successful elements from this pilot should be retained whilst adaptations to implementation are made to strengthen key areas.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05754359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfer A. Al-walah
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adel A. Alhusaini
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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Saucedo-Araujo RG, Gálvez-Fernández P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sánchez-López M, Avellaneda P, Suelves JM, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Chillón P, Herrador-Colmenero M. Active Commuting to School among Spanish Preschool Children: A Temporal Change Study between 2013 and 2017. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 38275424 PMCID: PMC10813918 DOI: 10.3390/children11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuting to school may increase the total daily physical activity and achieve health benefits among preschool children. Rates of active commuting to school among Spanish children and adolescents have been widely analysed, while the rates of active commuting to school among Spanish preschool children are unknown. AIM The main objective of this study was to examine the changes in the rates of active commuting to school in a sample of Spanish preschool children between 3 and 6 years old from 2013 to 2017. METHODS Data were found from five studies carried out across Spain. The study sample comprised 4787 preschool children (4.59 ± 0.77 years old; 51% males). The overall changes in active commuting to school were assessed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The rates of active commuting to school in Spanish preschool children are around 52%, and the active commuting to school rates have stayed stable throughout the period assessed (odds ratio from 0.40 to 0.58, all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In preschool children, the present study obtained a favourable result on active commuting to school, showing a pattern stability in the examined period similar to other ages. It will be of great importance to promote this behaviour to obtain high levels of active commuting to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Gisele Saucedo-Araujo
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
- School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pau Avellaneda
- Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Suelves
- Health Department, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- eHealth Center Behavior Design Laboratory, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya—UOC, Rambla del Poblenou, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
- La Inmaculada Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Tooth LR. Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:943-956. [PMID: 37171529 PMCID: PMC10640456 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of excessive screen use on children's health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children' screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child's environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children's screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children's screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children's screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children's screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Hicks T, Stillwater B, Koller K, Palmer L, Thomas T. Developing a culturally relevant physical activity guide for Alaska Native Head Start students in rural Alaska: the Got Neqpiaq? Study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2287791. [PMID: 38010792 PMCID: PMC10997299 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2287791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Concern was voiced by Elders, teachers, and parents that and playtime activities of the Head Start preschool programme were not aligned with the local Alaska Native culture in their communities.Methods: The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium partnered with 12 Head Start preschool programmes, administered by Rural Alaska Community Action Program in rural Alaska, to explore with community members Alaska Native value-based solutions to the concerns they raised. Local input was gathered via focus groups, interviews, and surveys.Results: We worked together with communities to create a physical activity guide specific to preschool-age children in the region. The guide includes activity descriptions, lesson plans, flash cards, and photos of traditional Alaska Native physical activities and games specific to the region. This manuscript details the community engagement process foundational to the physical activity guide's adoption and implementation.Conclusions: The processes by which the guide was developed were strength-based and participatory. Widespread community engagement and participation led to a guide that was readily adopted because the community had taken ownership of the content. The lessons learned have been invaluable in developing long-term community-based partnerships and in setting the precedent to further incorporate local/regional culture into rural Alaska Head Start programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Hicks
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Health Services Research Department, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Barb Stillwater
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Health Services Research Department, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kathryn Koller
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Health Services Research Department, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lea Palmer
- Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy Thomas
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Community Health Services Research Department, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Nampijja M, Langat N, Oloo L, Okelo K, Muendo R, Kiyeng M, Amboka P, Abboah-Offei M, Ray A, Kitsao-Wekulo P, Kimani-Murage EW, Elsey H. Predictors of quality of childcare centers in low-income settings: findings from a cross-sectional study in two Nairobi slums. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163491. [PMID: 38026308 PMCID: PMC10644197 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid urbanization and increased women's involvement in paid work have contributed to the upsurge of informal childcare centers, especially in low-income settings where quality is a major issue. However, there are limited data on the factors associated with the quality of childcare centers in informal settlements in Africa. Methods We conducted a quantitative observation and questionnaire survey of 66 childcare centers to identify the factors associated with the quality of childcare services in two informal settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi. The quality of the centers (outcome variable) was assessed using a locally developed tool. Data on center characteristics including type, size, location, length of operation, charges, and number of staff were collected. Center providers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) in childcare were assessed through a questionnaire, focusing on nurturing care and business management. Data were described using means and standard deviation or frequencies and percentages. Associations between quality center score (outcome variable) and other variables were examined using multivariable linear regression to identify potential predictors of the quality of the center environment. Findings A total of 129 childcare centers were identified and categorized as home-based (n = 45), center-based (n = 14), school-based (n = 61), and church-based (n = 9). The number of home-based centers was particularly high in Viwandani (n = 40; 52%). Only 9% of home-based centers reported any external support and 20% had any training on early childhood development. Of the 129 centers, 66 had complete detailed assessment of predictors of quality reported here. Unadjusted linear regressions revealed associations between quality of childcare center and center providers' education level, type of center, support received, caregiver-child ratio, number of children in the center, and center providers' KAP score (p < 0.05). However, in the multivariable regression, only higher levels of center provider KAP (β = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.84; p = 0.003) and center type (β = 8.68; 95% CI: 2.32, 15.04; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with center quality score. Implication Our results show that center providers' knowledge and practices are a major driver of the quality of childcare centers in informal settlements in Nairobi. Interventions for improving the quality of childcare services in such settings should invest in equipping center providers with the necessary knowledge and skills through training and supportive supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Langat
- African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linda Oloo
- African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Okelo
- African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Muendo
- African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Patrick Amboka
- African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Abboah-Offei
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen Elsey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Al-Walah MA, Donnelly M, Cunningham C, Heron N. Which behaviour change techniques are associated with interventions that increase physical activity in pre-school children? A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2013. [PMID: 37845721 PMCID: PMC10580560 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a significant risk factor that contributes to several health problems and there is a need to improve our understanding of how to increase PA, particularly among young children. This review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022328841) investigated the relationship between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and interventions that increased PA among pre-school children aged < 6 years old. METHODS Systematic searches of six databases were undertaken from inception to July 2022, updated in December 2022, to locate studies that evaluated interventions and reported a positive change in PA levels in children aged < 6 years old. RESULTS A total of 5,304 studies were screened, and 28 studies involving 10,605 subjects aged 2.5 to 5.9 years met the eligibility criteria. Each eligible study (n = 28) was independently appraised by two researchers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The BCT Taxonomy v1 and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guided the extraction and analysis of data, and this process led to the identification of 27 BCTs. CONCLUSIONS Potentially promising BCTs for increasing PA among young children included 'shaping knowledge,' 'antecedents,' 'goals and planning,' and 'comparison of behaviour.' Future PA interventions that target young children should consider integrating these promising BCTs into their programmes. However, such consideration needs to be tempered by the fact that most of the reviewed studies were deemed to have a high or unclear risk of bias and/or were limited with respect to the populations that they targeted. Further research using rigorous methodologies is required to establish a higher standard that addresses the needs of young children who are expected to have insufficient levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfer A Al-Walah
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Conor Cunningham
- School of Health Science, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, England, UK
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Nampijja M, Langat N, Oloo L, Amboka P, Okelo K, Muendo R, Habib S, Kiyeng M, Ray A, Abboah-Offei M, Kitsao-Wekulo P, Kimani-Murage E, Li J, Elsey H. The feasibility, acceptability, cost and benefits of a "communities of practice" model for improving the quality of childcare centres: a mixed-methods study in the informal settlements in Nairobi. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194978. [PMID: 37588124 PMCID: PMC10426909 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Informal childcare centres have mushroomed in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya to meet the increasing demand. However, centre providers are untrained and the facilities are below standard putting children at risk of poor health and development. We aimed to co-design and test the feasibility, acceptability, cost and potential benefits of a communities of practice (CoP) model where trained community health volunteers (CHVs) provide group training sessions to build skills and improve practices in informal childcare centres. Methods A CoP model was co-designed with sub-county health teams, centre providers and parents with inputs from Kidogo, government nutritionists and ECD experts and implemented in 68 childcare centres by trained CHVs. Its feasibility and potential benefits were measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Centre provider (n = 68) and CHV (n = 20) knowledge and practice scores before and after the intervention were assessed and compared. Intervention benefits were examined using linear regressions adjusting for potential confounding factors. We conducted in-depth interviews with 10 parents, 10 CHVs, 10 centre providers and 20 local government officials, and two focus groups with CHVs and centre providers. Qualitative data were analysed, focusing on feasibility, acceptability, potential benefits, challenges and ideas for improvement. Cost for delivering and accessing the intervention were examined. Results The intervention was acceptable and feasible to deliver within existing government community health systems; 16 CHVs successfully facilitated CoP sessions to 58 centre providers grouped into 13 groups each with 5-6 centre providers, each group receiving four sessions representing the four modules. There were significant improvements in provider knowledge and practice (effect size = 0.40; p < 0.05) and quality of centre environment (effect size = 0.56; p < 0.01) following the intervention. CHVs' scores showed no significant changes due to pre-existing high knowledge levels. Qualitative interviews also reported improvements in knowledge and practices and the desire among the different participants for the support to be continued. The total explicit costs were USD 22,598 and the total opportunity costs were USD 3,632 (IQR; USD 3,570, USD 4,049). Conclusion A simple model delivered by CHVs was feasible and has potential to improve the quality of informal childcare centres. Leveraging these teams and integration of the intervention into the health system is likely to enable scale-up and sustainability in Kenya and similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Langat
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linda Oloo
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Amboka
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Okelo
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Muendo
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Anna Ray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Abboah-Offei
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jinshuo Li
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elsey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
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Rohde JF, Larsen SC, Sederberg M, Bahrenscheer A, Nielsen AK, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Outdoor Kindergartens: A Structural Way to Improve Early Physical Activity Behaviour? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5131. [PMID: 36982039 PMCID: PMC10048988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that outdoor play in nature is associated with a higher physical activity level than indoor play. We aimed to examine the effect of outdoor versus conventional kindergartens on objectively measured physical activity. METHOD Using a pre-test-post-test design, we collected data in four kindergartens that provided a rotating outdoor and conventional kindergarten setting. Step counts were measured during one week in the outdoor setting and one week in the conventional setting. Differences in step counts between the outdoor and conventional setting were analysed using a paired t-test. RESULTS In total, 74 children were included. There was no statistically significant difference in total daily step counts between children in the two settings. When we looked at step counts during kindergarten hours, we saw that children were more physically active in the outdoor setting compared to the conventional setting (mean difference: 1089, p < 0.0001). When we looked at activity during time outside the kindergarten, we discovered that children had a lower step count in the outdoor setting as compared to the conventional setting (mean difference -652, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION This study indicates that children are more physically active during the time they spend in outdoor kindergartens compared to conventional kindergartens, but may compensate with more inactivity outside kindergarten hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sofus Christian Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Sederberg
- Department of Pedagogy, Education Research and Development, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Copenhagen University College, Campus Hillerød, Carlsbergvej 14, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Anne Bahrenscheer
- Department of Pedagogy, Education Research and Development, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Copenhagen University College, Campus Hillerød, Carlsbergvej 14, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Ann-Kristine Nielsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Initiative, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Vej 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Nobre JNP, Morais RLDS, Viegas ÂA, Fernandes AC, Scheidt Figueiredo PH, Costa HS, Peixoto MFD, de Alcântara MA, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Factors Associated with Motor Competence in Preschoolers from a Brazilian Urban Area. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022; 52:721-736. [PMID: 36035450 PMCID: PMC9400000 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Preschool is a crucial period for developing motor skills. Objective This study evaluated factors associated with motor competence in preschoolers from a Brazilian urban area. Methods A total of 211 preschoolers (51.2% girls and 48.8% boys) were evaluated. Body mass index was calculated; the Brazilian Economic Research Criterion, the Mini-Mental Scale (MMC) and the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale®, Revised (ECERS-R™) were applied; the Habitual Physical Activity time was recorded; the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) was performed. Univariate analysis was performed using simple linear regression for the independent variables, considering the motor test subscales as dependent variables. Variables with p < 0.20 in the univariate analysis were considered for the multiple linear regression model and were entered into the stepwise method. Results The independent variables remaining in the Standard Score Locomotor model were BMI, presence of park at school, and MMC (R2 = 0.16). The independent variables remaining in the Standard Object Control score were MMC and gender (R2 = 0.03). The variables associated with the highest scores of Gross Motor Quotient were MMC, body mass index, and presence of a park at school, respectively (R2 = 0.11). Conclusion Male eutrophic preschoolers who are physically active and attend schools with parks or courtyards in a Brazilian urban area have the highest scores for global cognitive function and motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ângela Alves Viegas
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Fernandes
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Marcus Alessandro de Alcântara
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais Brazil
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Prince SA, Lancione S, Lang JJ, Amankwah N, de Groh M, Jaramillo Garcia A, Merucci K, Geneau R. Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among children and youth: An overview of reviews from high income countries. Health Place 2022; 76:102828. [PMID: 35700605 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Built environments have shown to be associated with health, with physical activity (PA) considered one of the critical pathways for achieving benefits. Navigating available evidence on the built environment and PA is challenging given the number of reviews. OBJECTIVE Examine the current state and quality of research looking at associations between built environments and total PA and domains of PA (i.e., leisure/recreation, transportation, school) among children and youth (1-18 years). METHODS We systematically searched the grey literature and six bibliographic databases from January 2000 to May 2020. Review quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2. Results by age group were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using a modified GRADE approach. RESULTS This overview included 65 reviews. Most reviews were of very low-to-low quality. High certainty was found for positive associations between transportation PA and walking/cycling/active transportation (AT) infrastructure. There was high certainty for positive associations between streets/play streets and total PA, alongside lower certainty for transportation and leisure PA. Very low-to-moderate certainty supports schoolyards designed to promote PA were positively associated with total PA, but mixed for school PA (except children). Less consistent positive associations were found for forests/trees, greenspace/open space, recreation facilities, street lighting, traffic safety, population/residential density, proximity/access to destinations, neighbourhood characteristics, and home environments. There is very low-to-moderate certainty for negative associations between greater distance to school and traffic volume and domains of PA. Generally, null or mixed associations were observed for aesthetics, parks, AT comfort infrastructure, land-use mix, street connectivity, urban/rural status, and public transit. DISCUSSION There remains a need for high quality systematic reviews and studies to evaluate the effects of environmental changes across the pediatric age spectrum and using a PA domain approach. Given the global physical inactivity crisis the built environment remains and important means to promote PA among children/youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Samantha Lancione
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nana Amankwah
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Geneau
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Nobre JNP, Morais RLDS, Prat BV, Fernandes AC, Viegas ÂA, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS, Camargos ACR, de Alcantara MA, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Physical environmental opportunities for active play and physical activity level in preschoolers: a multicriteria analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:340. [PMID: 35177034 PMCID: PMC8855597 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active play opportunities seems to influence the level of physical activity during childhood. However, a gap remains about which environmental opportunities including the daycare physical environment could have a positive impact on the level of physical activity in preschoolers. Objectives (1) To develop an index to measure the environmental opportunities of free active play for preschoolers of middle-income countries; (2) to check the relationship and contribution of the index to explain objectively the level of physical activity. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study with 51 preschool children. The established criteria for the index according to the literature were: (1) Outdoor time on typical days of the week. (2) Outdoor time on a typical weekend day. (3) The presence of internal space and external environment in the child’s home that allows playing. (4) Presence of patio with space for games at the school. (5) Presence of a playground with a toy at the school. We applied multi-attribute utility theory for the determination of the multicriteria index of physical environmental opportunities. Pearson’s correlation analysis and simple linear regression were used to verify the association between the index and the physical activity level. Results The index showed a positive correlation with the level of physical activity, e.g., the average time of MVPA (r = 0.408, p = 0.003). The univariate linear regression demonstrated that the quality of physical environmental opportunities for physical activity explained 20% of the preschooler’s classification as active and 16% of the time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001). Conclusion Physical environmental opportunities for active play have a positive effect on physical activity in preschoolers and should be encouraged in different social segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bernat Viñola Prat
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT - UFVJM) e SaSA, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Fernandes
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângela Alves Viegas
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Alessandro de Alcantara
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Exploring Preschoolers' Physical Activity and Sedentary Time During Outdoor Play at Childcare: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:949-956. [PMID: 34098527 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) offers many health benefits for preschoolers (2.5-5 y). In childcare, MVPA is predominantly accumulated outdoors, with higher rates purported among children within the first few minutes outside. The Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment intervention included shorter, more frequent outdoor play sessions; this study sought to explore children's activity levels during various outdoor play schedules. METHODS During the final week of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment intervention, preschoolers wore an Actical™ accelerometer for 5 days during childcare and staff logged outdoor times. Separate linear mixed effects models were run to explore the effect of the intervention on preschoolers' physical activity (total and MVPA) and sedentary time during outdoor play. Sex was entered as an interaction effect. RESULTS Preschoolers (n = 292) were significantly more active in the first 10 minutes outdoors compared with remaining time (P < .0083). For total outdoor time, children in the experimental group engaged in significantly less sedentary time than those in the control group (P < .017), and experimental group boys and girls engaged in higher MVPA than boys and girls in the control group (P < .017). CONCLUSIONS Findings support scheduling more frequent outdoor play sessions in childcare to increase physical activity participation among young children.
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Relationship Between the Physical Environment and Physical Activity Levels in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:177-195. [PMID: 33934294 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to understand the influence of the physical environment on the physical activity (PA) behavior of preschool children (aged 2 to 6 years), in order to provide an overview of these influences from the perspective of the ecological model. RECENT FINDINGS PA is of great importance for the prevention of obesity and cardiovascular diseases since childhood. The physical environment has a direct relationship with the different domains, where people can spend their time being physically active. Nonetheless, despite the importance of the physical environment to engagement in PA, very few reviews have focused on this relationship in the context of the growing problem of physical inactivity among preschool children. Studies that had analyzed the school domain had found that greater availability of a wider variety of portable play equipment, presence of certain fixed playground equipment, and presence of open spaces had favored PA levels. Furthermore, different studies had shown that the natural environment and the presence of hills were important for children's PA. Thus, despite the associations with PA we were able to identify in this review, new studies will still be needed to link the physical environment with PA levels, especially regarding transportation and leisure time. In conclusion, promoting studies on this subject from an early age will allow us to obtain information that could allow the adaptation, design, and construction of healthier homes, neighborhoods, and schools that promote children's health.
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Nampijja M, Okelo K, Wekulo PK, Kimani-Murage EW, Elsey H. Improving the quality of child-care centres through supportive assessment and 'communities of practice' in informal settlements in Nairobi: protocol of a feasibility study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042544. [PMID: 33674370 PMCID: PMC7938982 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investing in children during the critical period between birth and age 5 years can have long-lasting benefits throughout their life. Children in Kenya's urban informal settlements, face significant challenges to healthy development, particularly when their families need to earn a daily wage and cannot care for them during the day. In response, informal and poor quality child-care centres with untrained caregivers have proliferated. We aim to co-design and test the feasibility of a supportive assessment and skills-building for child-care centre providers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A sequential mixed-methods approach will be used. We will map and profile child-care centres in two informal settlements in Nairobi, and complete a brief quality assessment of 50 child-care centres. We will test the feasibility of a supportive assessment skills-building system on 40 child-care centres, beginning with assessing centre-caregivers' knowledge and skills in these centres. This will inform the subsequent co-design process and provide baseline data. Following a policy review, we will use experience-based co-design to develop the supportive assessment process. This will include qualitative interviews with policymakers (n=15), focus groups with parents (n=4 focus group discussions (FGDs)), child-care providers (n=4 FGDs) and joint workshops. To assess feasibility and acceptability, we will observe, record and cost implementation for 6 months. The knowledge/skills questionnaire will be repeated at the end of implementation and results will inform the purposive selection of 10 child-care providers and parents for qualitative interviews. Descriptive statistics and thematic framework approach will respectively be used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data and identify drivers of feasibility. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by Amref Health Africa's Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (Ref: P7802020 on 20th April 2020) and the University of York (Ref: HSRGC 20th March 2020). Findings will be published and continual engagement with decision-makers will embed findings into child-care policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nampijja
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Okelo
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patricia Kitsao Wekulo
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Helen Elsey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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15
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Physical Activity of Serbian Children in Daycare. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020161. [PMID: 33669935 PMCID: PMC7924837 DOI: 10.3390/children8020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Monitoring of physical activity within the educational institution is of great importance, primarily because of the orientation and content implemented in the daycare. This research aimed to examine the number of steps children took during their stay in daycare with regards to age, gender and the frequency of going out. Methods: The research was conducted in four daycares in the urban environment of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia), where 231 children, aged 5 to 7, were monitored (129 boys and 102 girls). Data on the number of steps were obtained using the pedometers. Results: The result of the univariate analysis of the variance test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of steps in relation to the age of children (p = 0.04). Boys were more active than girls in both age groups (p = 0.001). Children who were going to the daycare yard three to five times a week took drastically more steps than children who went up to twice a week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that age, gender, and time spent outdoors are significant determinants of physical activity in preschool age. Therefore, interventions regarding physical activity should be made during early childhood in order to promote health and prevent disease.
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Nguyen TH, Götz S, Kreffter K, Lisak-Wahl S, Dragano N, Weyers S. Neighbourhood deprivation and obesity among 5656 pre-school children-findings from mandatory school enrollment examinations. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1947-1954. [PMID: 33576893 PMCID: PMC8105223 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-03988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The risk of child obesity is strongly related to socioeconomic factors such as individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighbourhood deprivation. The present study analyses whether the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity differs by child's individual SEP. Data from 5656 children (5-7 years) from the mandatory school enrollment examinations of the pre-school cohorts 2017/2018 in Düsseldorf were analysed. Obesity was determined by the age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI); neighbourhood deprivation by using the socio-spatial degree of deprivation of the children's residential addresses; and individual SEP by the level of parental education. Using Poisson regression, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of child obesity by neighbourhood deprivation and parental education. Interactions between neighbourhood deprivation and parental education were tested. The prevalence of child obesity increases with the degree of neighbourhood deprivation. Compared to children living in low deprivation neighbourhoods, the proportion of obese children was twice as high in high deprivation neighbourhoods (PR=2.02; CI=1.46-2.78). Likewise, children from families with medium and low education have twice the risk for obesity compared to children with high parental education (PR=2.05; CI=1.46-2.78). The relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity was significantly moderated by parental education; it was stronger for higher parental education than for medium and low parental education (p<.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that children from deprived neighbourhoods and families with lower education have a higher risk for child obesity. The identification of particularly deprived neighbourhoods with structural interventions in combination with the strengthening of parental health literacy seems reasonable. What is Known: • Studies show that children from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are more frequently obese. What is New: • The relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity is significantly moderated by parental education. It is stronger for children with higher parental education than for children with medium and low parental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Ha Nguyen
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Götz
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Kreffter
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Nico Dragano
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Weyers
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:1907416. [PMID: 32322414 PMCID: PMC7168721 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1907416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2001, and October 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) Library Information System, and Africa Journals Online. Data were pooled from the articles to calculate an overall estimate of childhood obesity and overweight using a random-effects model after variance stabilization with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sixteen studies with a combined sample size of 29,160 were included in the review. Analysis indicates that approximately 19% of children in Ghana either have obesity or are overweight. The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight was 8.6% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 5.9%–16.6%), respectively. Although not significant, higher obesity (4.6% vs. 2.6%) and overweight (11.0% vs. 7.2%) prevalence were estimated for females than for males. There was a significantly higher obesity prevalence estimate (17.4% vs. 8.9%) in rural settings than in urban settings (p=0.0255). The high prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight estimated in this review is of worrying concern. It is a significant public health problem that has implications on the health of present and future generations in Ghana and as such calls for proactive measures to be put in place. Also, the driving forces behind the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Ghana need to be investigated.
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18
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Pakarinen A, Hautala L, Hamari L, Aromaa M, Kallio H, Liuksila PR, Sillanpää M, Salanterä S. The Association between the Preference for Active Play and Neurological Development in Toddlers: A Register-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072525. [PMID: 32272691 PMCID: PMC7178213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Active play is regarded as physical activity during early childhood. Physical activity has many benefits for children’s physical and psychosocial health and wellbeing, as well as for their cognitive development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the preference for active play and neurological development in toddlers. The study was conducted as a register-based study, and the data were collected from a public-health clinic’s electronic health records. The register data about active play used in this study were originally assessed by parents at home and by early years teachers at nurseries. Neurological development was assessed by the public health nurses in public child-health clinics. The data eligible for this study were available from 717 toddlers aged 2.5–3.0 years old (mean: 2.5 years ± 2 months). The majority of toddlers (85%) showed a preference for active play, both at home and at the nursery. The prevalence of delays in the neurological development of toddlers varied in different developmental areas (by 1–15%). Delays in gross motor competence, auditory perception, and self-help skills were associated with a lower preference for active play in nursery settings, but none of the neurodevelopmental items were found to be associated with toddlers’ preference for active play at home. Nurseries need to encourage children to actively play and support their gross motor competence and self-help skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Pakarinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Hautala
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lotta Hamari
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Minna Aromaa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hannele Kallio
- Health care services, Welfare Division, City of Turku, PO Box 670, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo-Riitta Liuksila
- Family and social services, Welfare Division, City of Turku, PO Box 670, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Sillanpää
- Departments of General Practice and Child Neurology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Toussaint N, Streppel MT, Mul S, Fukkink RG, Weijs PJ, Janssen M. The Effects of the PLAYTOD Program on Children's Physical Activity at Preschool Playgrounds in a Deprived Urban Area: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010329. [PMID: 31947735 PMCID: PMC6981873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interventions to improve children’s physical activity in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings are needed. This randomized controlled trial examines the effects of a preschool-based playground program for ECEC teachers in a deprived urban area. On intervention preschools, the PLAYgrounds for TODdlers program (PLAYTOD) was performed. It focused on teacher’s knowledge and skills in order to create a challenging outdoor environment in which young children (2.5 to 4 years old) are able to practice their motor skills. Observations were performed before and after the program with a modified version of the SOPLAY protocol. The activating role of teachers (score from 0 = inactive to 4 = participating), the number of different physical activities, and the quality of children’s physical activity on playgrounds were observed. The latter included the number of performed fundamental movement skills and the estimated physical activity intensity (score from 0 = sedentary to 3 = vigorous). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of PLAYTOD. After the program, the activating role of teachers on intervention playgrounds improved. Moreover, the program and consecutively the changes made by teachers had a positive effect on the number of different activities and the quality of children’s physical activity. The results emphasize an important role for ECEC teachers in improving physical activity in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Toussaint
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.T.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Martinette T. Streppel
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.T.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Mul
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.T.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Ruben G. Fukkink
- Faculty of Child Development and Education, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibautstraat 2-4, 1091 GM Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J.M. Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.T.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirka Janssen
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dokter Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.T.); (M.T.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Park SH, Min H. Promoting a healthy childcare environment: A focus group study of childcare providers' perspectives. Nurs Health Sci 2019; 22:254-262. [PMID: 31854129 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Establishing healthy habits in the childcare setting for children aged 2-5 is pivotal for their healthy development and obesity prevention. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and practices that childcare providers demonstrate when they promote healthy eating and physical activity among preschoolers. Four focus group interviews with 16 childcare providers were conducted in northwest Florida. A semistructured focus group guide was used. Discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was performed to analyze the data with the use of ATLAS.ti software. This study followed the COREQ guidelines. Three major themes emerged from the data: (i) efforts to encourage children to eat healthfully and engage in physical activity; (ii) challenges in promoting healthy behaviors among children; and (iii) the need for more childcare provider training and parental involvement to encourage healthy eating. Regular childcare provider training and parental involvement are needed to establish a healthy environment for preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Park
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Haeyoung Min
- College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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21
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de Zwarte D, Kearney J, Corish CA, Glennon C, Maher L, Johnston Molloy C. Randomised study demonstrates sustained benefits of a pre-school intervention designed to improve nutrition and physical activity practices. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:798-806. [PMID: 30281073 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-promoting programmes must demonstrate sustained efficacy in order to make a true impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Healthy Incentive for Pre-schools project on health-promoting practices in full-day-care pre-schools 18 months after a training intervention. METHODS Thirty-seven pre-schools completed the initial study and were included in this follow-up study. The intervention consisted of one training session with either the pre-school 'manager-only' or 'manager and staff' using a specifically developed needs-based training resource pack comprised of written educational material and a validated health-promoting practice evaluation tool. Direct observation data of health-promoting practices were collected and allocated a score using the evaluation tool by a research dietitian at three time points; pre-intervention, between 6 and 9 months post-intervention and at 18-month follow-up. An award system was used to incentivise pre-schools to improve their scores. RESULTS Health-promoting practice scores improved significantly (P < 0.001) from the 6-9 month post-intervention to the 18-month follow-up evaluation. No significant differences were observed between 'manager-only' and 'manager and staff' trained pre-schools. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a pre-school evaluation tool supported by a training resource was successfully used to incentivise pre-schools to sustain and improve health-promoting practices 18 months after intervention training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diewerke de Zwarte
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - John Kearney
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Corina Glennon
- Community Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Health Service Executive Dublin Mid-Leinster, Primary Care Unit, St. Loman's Hospital Campus, Co. Westmeath, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Maher
- Community Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Health Service Executive Dublin Mid-Leinster, Primary Care Unit, St. Loman's Hospital Campus, Co. Westmeath, Republic of Ireland
| | - Charlotte Johnston Molloy
- Community Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Health Service Executive Dublin Mid-Leinster, Primary Care Unit, St. Loman's Hospital Campus, Co. Westmeath, Republic of Ireland
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Laboy M. Physical Environments for Active Schools: Future Directions for Transdisciplinary Research. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jones J, Wolfenden L, Grady A, Finch M, Bolsewicz K, Wedesweiler T, Yoong SL. Implementation of continuous free play schedules in Australian childcare services: A cross-sectional study. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:199-206. [PMID: 31397006 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Modifying the scheduling of physical activity opportunities to provide children with more frequent opportunities for outdoor free play has been demonstrated to increase child physical activity while in care. The primary aim of this study was to describe the implementation of continuous free play schedules to allow children to access outdoor play areas, consistent with sector guidelines in a national sample of Australian childcare services. Secondary aims were to investigate the associations between the implementation of such schedules and service characteristics, and assess the perceived barriers and enablers to implementation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken with a random sample of 326 centre-based childcare services located across Australia. Childcare service characteristics, continuous free play scheduling and perceived barriers and enablers to implementation were assessed via a survey administered to service managers online or via telephone. RESULTS A total of 203 service managers (62%) reported implementing a continuous free play schedule, for three periods of 126 minutes per period, each day on average. Service type (long day care services), size (services with higher numbers of child enrolments [≥80 children]) and socio-economic area (services located in lower socio-economic areas) were associated with the implementation of a continuous free play schedule. The most prevalent barriers to implementation included insufficient staff to ensure adequate supervision of children (69%) and service layout being unsuitable (65%), while the most prevalent enablers included advice on how to overcome staffing or supervision issues (89%) and to re-orientate the service layout (54%). CONCLUSIONS There is scope to support the implementation of continuous free play schedules consistent with childcare sector guidelines. SO WHAT?: Future intervention research that targets the reported barriers and enablers to implementation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannah Jones
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Grady
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meghan Finch
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Taya Wedesweiler
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Zhang M, Quick V, Jin Y, Martin-Biggers J. Associations of Mother's Behaviors and Home/Neighborhood Environments with Preschool Children's Physical Activity Behaviors. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:83-86. [PMID: 31359763 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119864206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examining associations of mother's behaviors and home/neighborhood physical activity (PA) environments with preschoolers' PA and screen time. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING Mothers with a 2 to 5 years old preschooler were recruited from the US panel members of Survey Sampling International. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred thirty-one mothers with a preschool child aged 2 to 5 years old. OUTCOME MEASURE Child daily screen time and PA, mother-child inside- and outside-home co-PA. ANALYSIS K-mean cluster analysis and Logit and negative binomial regressions. RESULTS Mothers' healthy behaviors, such as decreased screen time, healthy eating habits, and increased PA, and perceived importance for PA were significantly (P < .05) associated with preschoolers' decreased screen time and increased PA. Available toys (P < .01) and maternal perceived neighborhood safety (P < .05) were negatively correlated with preschoolers' screen time, while available room space (P < .01) was positively correlated with preschoolers' PA. Variables positively correlated with mother-child co-PA included mothers' PA (P < .001) and healthy eating habits (P < .05), and home room space (P < .05) for inside-home, and yard space and quality (P < .05) for outside-home. CONCLUSIONS Mother's role modeling and home PA environment were positively associated with preschoolers' PA behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, The State University of New Jersey (Rutgers University), New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Virginia Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Martin-Biggers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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25
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Preschool Environmental Factors, Parental Socioeconomic Status, and Children's Sedentary Time: An Examination of Cross-Level Interactions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010046. [PMID: 30585223 PMCID: PMC6339075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preschool children's high levels of sedentary time (ST) is a public health concern. As preschool reaches a large population of children from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, more knowledge on how the preschool setting is associated with children's ST is relevant. Our aims were to examine (1) the associations of preschool setting (covering social, physical, and organizational level) with children's ST, and (2) the moderating role of the setting on the association between parental SES and children's ST. In the cross-sectional DAGIS (increased health and wellbeing in preschools) study, the participating children (n = 864, aged 3⁻6 years) were asked to wear an accelerometer for one week. In total, 779 children had valid ST accelerometer data during preschool hours. Preschool setting and parental SES was assessed by questionnaires and observation. Multilevel linear regression models with cross-level interactions were applied to examine the associations. Early educators' practice of breaking children's ST often, more frequent physical activity (PA) theme weeks, and higher number of physical education (PE) lessons were associated with lower children's ST. Higher parental SES was associated with higher children's ST in preschools (1) with organized sedentary behavior theme weeks, (2) with a lower number of PA theme weeks, and (3) with a lower number of PE lessons. The factors identified in this study could be targeted in future interventions.
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Pakarinen A, Flemmich M, Parisod H, Selänne L, Hamari L, Aromaa M, Leppänen V, Löyttyniemi E, Smed J, Salanterä S. Protocol for digital intervention for effective health promotion of small children-A cluster randomized trial. J Adv Nurs 2018. [PMID: 29517802 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This article introduces the protocol of a study aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of digital WellWe intervention in supporting the participation of families with small children in the promotion of their health. BACKGROUND Early childhood is a meaningful period for building a strong base for good health. Parents play a key role in affecting the health behaviour and psychosocial development of their children. A family-centred approach makes it possible to support families' individual health literacy needs and empower them to take actions towards promoting healthier behaviour. However, there are a lack of family-centred digital health interventions intended for parents and their small children. DESIGN The study is designed as a two-arm cluster, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-month follow-up. METHODS The data are being collected from 200 families with a 4-year-old child. Cluster randomization is being performed at the municipality level. Municipalities (N = 4) located in Southwest Finland, comprising child health clinics (N = 15) with their family clients, were randomly allocated to either an intervention (WellWe intervention) or a control group (usual care). The outcome measures include parental self-efficacy for healthy behaviours, mindfulness in parenting and the family-centred approach of the extensive health examination. Data collection is being performed at baseline, after the intervention and at a 4-month follow-up. DISCUSSION The results from this study will make it possible to determine whether this new method can be recommended for implementation in child health clinic settings to support the participation of families with small children in promoting their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Pakarinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Magda Flemmich
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Parisod
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Selänne
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lotta Hamari
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Aromaa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, City of Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Leppänen
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jouni Smed
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Rohde JF, Bohman B, Berglind D, Hansson LM, Frederiksen P, Mortensen EL, Heitmann BL, Rasmussen F. Cross-sectional associations between maternal self-efficacy and dietary intake and physical activity in four-year-old children of first-time Swedish mothers. Appetite 2018; 125:131-138. [PMID: 29408332 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours are established early in life where children learn by observing their parents. Therefore, parents can act as role models and influence their children toward a healthier lifestyle. Besides a strong association between parental and child health behaviours, parents also influence their children's health behaviours through socio-cognitive processes, where perceived self-efficacy is the central component. The objective was to examine if parental self-efficacy among Swedish mothers was associated with their four-year-old children's dietary and physical activity behaviours. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on information from control participants that took part in the Swedish primary prevention trial of childhood obesity (PRIMROSE) (n = 420 mother-child pairs). Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between parental self-efficacy (Parental Self-Efficacy for Promoting Healthy Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in Children Scale) and children's dietary intake (parent reported) and levels of physical activity (accelerometer) with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS Mothers' efficacy beliefs in promoting healthy dietary or physical activity behaviours in their children were associated with a slightly higher consumption of fruit and vegetables among their children (β: 0.03 [95%CI: 0.01; 0.04] P < 0.001) and slightly higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous activity (β: 0.43 [95%CI: 0.05; 0.81] P = 0.03). Mothers' belief in their ability to limit unhealthy dietary and physical activity behaviours was inversely associated with children's intake of unhealthy snacks (β: -0.06 [95%CI: -0.10; -0.02] P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our cross-sectional study suggests weak positive correlations between maternal self-efficacy and healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours, and weak inverse associations between maternal self-efficacy and unhealthy dietary and physical activity behaviours among their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Street 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Research and Development, Health Science, University College UCC, Carlsbergvej 14, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin Bohman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Liljeholmstorget 7 B, 117 63 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Widerströmska Huset, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena M Hansson
- Department for Knowledge-Based Policy of Health Care, The National Board of Health and Welfare, 106 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peder Frederiksen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Street 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Street 8, Entrance 11, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5 A, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Lindsay AC, Wasserman M, Muñoz MA, Wallington SF, Greaney ML. Examining Influences of Parenting Styles and Practices on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Latino Children in the United States: Integrative Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e14. [PMID: 29382629 PMCID: PMC5811651 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that parents influence their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) through their parenting styles and practices. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper were to evaluate existing research examining the associations between parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among Latino children aged between 2 and 12 years, highlight limitations of the existing research, and generate suggestions for future research. METHODS The method of this integrative review was informed by methods developed by Whittemore and Knafl, which allow for the inclusion of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic academic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed, full-text papers published in English. Of the 641 unique citations identified, 67 full-text papers were retrieved, and 16 were selected for review. RESULTS The majority of the 16 reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, and only 1 study examined the association between parenting styles and Latino children's PA and SB. Most (n=15) reviewed studies assessed the influence of parenting practices on children's PA and SB, and they provide good evidence that parenting practices such as offering verbal encouragement, prompting the child to be physically active, providing logistic support, engaging and being involved in PA, monitoring, and offering reinforcement and rewards encourage, facilitate, or increase children's PA. The examined studies also provide evidence that parenting practices, such as setting rules and implementing PA restrictions due to safety concerns, weather, and using psychological control discourage, hinder, or decrease children's PA. CONCLUSIONS Because this review found a very small number of studies examining the relationship between parenting styles and Latino children's PA and SB, additional research is needed. Given that the majority of reviewed studies were conducted with predominantly Mexican American or Mexican immigrant samples, additional research examining parenting styles, parenting practices, and PA and SB among multiethnic Latino groups is needed to design interventions tailored to the needs of this ethnically diverse population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lindsay
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Minerva Wasserman
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mario A Muñoz
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherrie F Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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Carlin A, Perchoux C, Puggina A, Aleksovska K, Buck C, Burns C, Cardon G, Chantal S, Ciarapica D, Condello G, Coppinger T, Cortis C, D’Haese S, De Craemer M, Di Blasio A, Hansen S, Iacoviello L, Issartel J, Izzicupo P, Jaeschke L, Kanning M, Kennedy A, Lakerveld J, Chun Man Ling F, Luzak A, Napolitano G, Nazare JA, Pischon T, Polito A, Sannella A, Schulz H, Sohun R, Steinbrecher A, Schlicht W, Ricciardi W, MacDonncha C, Capranica L, Boccia S. A life course examination of the physical environmental determinants of physical activity behaviour: A "Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity" (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182083. [PMID: 28787023 PMCID: PMC5546676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in regular physical activity is associated with a multitude of health benefits across the life course. However, many people fail to meet PA recommendations. Despite a plethora of studies, the evidence regarding the environmental (physical) determinants of physical activity remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To identify the physical environmental determinants that influence PA across the life course. METHODS An online systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The search was limited to studies published in English (January 2004 to April 2016). Only systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of observational studies, that investigated the association between physical determinants and physical activity outcomes, were eligible for inclusion. The extracted data were assessed on the importance of determinants, strength of evidence and methodological quality. RESULTS The literature search identified 28 SLRs and 3 MAs on 67 physical environmental characteristics potentially related to physical activity that were eligible for inclusion. Among preschool children, a positive association was reported between availability of backyard space and outdoor toys/equipment in the home and overall physical activity. The availability of physical activity programs and equipment within schools, and neighbourhood features such as pedestrian and cyclist safety structure were positively associated with physical activity in children and adolescents. Negative street characteristics, for example, lack of sidewalks and streetlights, were negatively associated with physical activity in adults. Inconsistent associations were reported for the majority of reviewed determinants in adults. CONCLUSION This umbrella SLR provided a comprehensive overview of the physical environment determinants of physical activity across the life course and has highlighted, particularly amongst youth, a number of key determinants that may be associated with overall physical activity. Given the limited evidence drawn mostly from cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies are needed to further explore these associations. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015010616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Carlin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- * E-mail: (AC); (AP)
| | - Camille Perchoux
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN INSERM U1060, University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Puggina
- Section of Hygiene - Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AC); (AP)
| | - Katina Aleksovska
- Section of Hygiene - Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Con Burns
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Munster, Ireland
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Chantal
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN INSERM U1060, University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Donatella Ciarapica
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics -Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Condello
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Tara Coppinger
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Munster, Ireland
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Sara D’Haese
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieta, Italy
| | - Sylvia Hansen
- Department for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo: NEUROMED. Pozzilli. Italy
| | - Johann Issartel
- School of Health and Human Performance, Multisensory Motor Learning Lab, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieta, Italy
| | - Lina Jaeschke
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department for Sport Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aileen Kennedy
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Chun Man Ling
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Luzak
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieta, Italy
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN INSERM U1060, University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics -Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sannella
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Holger Schulz
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda Sohun
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Astrid Steinbrecher
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schlicht
- Department for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Section of Hygiene - Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy (Istituto Superiore di Sanita - ISS)
| | - Ciaran MacDonncha
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene - Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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Stacey FG, Finch M, Wolfenden L, Grady A, Jessop K, Wedesweiler T, Bartlem K, Jones J, Sutherland R, Vandevijvere S, Wu JHY, Yoong SL. Evidence of the Potential Effectiveness of Centre-Based Childcare Policies and Practices on Child Diet and Physical Activity: Consolidating Evidence from Systematic Reviews of Intervention Trials and Observational Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-017-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lindsay AC, Greaney ML, Wallington SF, Mesa T, Salas CF. A review of early influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children in high-income countries. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2017; 22. [PMID: 28407367 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoting physical activity (PA) is a key component of preventing and controlling childhood obesity. Despite well-documented benefits of PA, globally, rates of PA among young children have declined over the past decades, and most children are not accruing sufficient PA daily. Helping children develop the foundation for PA habits early in life is critical for the promotion of health in childhood and prevention of chronic diseases later in life, and will ultimately promote longer and healthier lives for individuals and the general population. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of current evidence on influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children in high-income countries. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of three databases was performed. Studies conducted in high-income countries and published from 2000 onward that addressed influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children were identified and reviewed. Additionally, reference lists of identified articles and relevant published reviews were reviewed. Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) sample included preschoolers (age ≤5 years); (b) PA and/or sedentary behaviors or factors associated with PA and/or sedentary behaviors was assessed; (c) published in English; (d) used either quantitative or qualitative methods; and (e) conducted in a high-income country. Data were extracted from selected studies to identify influences on PA and sedentary behaviors of preschool-age children and organized using the social-ecological model according to multiple levels of influence. RESULTS Results from included studies identify multiple factors that influence PA and sedentary behaviors of young children in high-income countries at the various levels of the social-ecological model including intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, organizational, and policy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Given pediatric nurses' role as primary care providers, and their frequent and continued contact with parents and their children throughout childhood through well-child visits, immunization, and minor acute illnesses, they are well positioned to promote and support the development of early healthful PA habits of children starting in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lindsay
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Health Studies & Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Sherrie F Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tatiana Mesa
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos F Salas
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Parekh N, Henriksson P, Delisle Nyström C, Silfvernagel K, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Löf M. Associations of Parental Self-Efficacy With Diet, Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Swedish Preschoolers: Results From the MINISTOP Trial. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017. [PMID: 28629222 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117714019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High parental self-efficacy (PSE) has been associated with healthy diets and higher levels of physical activity (PA) in children; however, data on PSE in relation to body weight and body composition are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of PSE with measures of diet, PA, body composition, and physical fitness in early childhood. METHOD We used baseline data from the MINISTOP trial in healthy Swedish children ( n = 301; 4.5 ± 0.15 years). PSE was assessed using a questionnaire, dietary data were collected using a mobile technology-assisted methodology, and PA was obtained (sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous) by accelerometry. Body composition was measured using the pediatric option for BodPod and cardiorespiratory fitness by the 20 m shuttle run. Linear regression was conducted to evaluate cross-sectional associations of the outcomes in relation to total PSE and scores computed for the individual PSE factors: (1) diet, (2) limit setting of unhealthful behaviors, and (3) PA. RESULTS Higher scores of total PSE and the diet factor were associated with higher fruit intake (β = 0.82 g/point and 1.99 g/point; p = .014 and .009, respectively) and lower consumption of unhealthy snacks (β = -0.42 g/point and -0.89 g/point; p = .012 and .020, respectively) after adjustment for parental body mass index and education, respondent, and child's sex and age. No associations were observed between PSE and PA, body composition, or cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our study noted that PSE should be considered in conjunction with other strategies for a sustainable impact on childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- 2 University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,3 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Pomeroy
- 5 Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Marie Löf
- 3 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,4 Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Christian H, Maitland C, Enkel S, Trapp G, Trost SG, Schipperijn J, Boruff B, Lester L, Rosenberg M, Zubrick SR. Influence of the day care, home and neighbourhood environment on young children's physical activity and health: protocol for the PLAYCE observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e014058. [PMID: 27932343 PMCID: PMC5168658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The early years are a critical period in a child's health and development, yet most preschool children fail to meet physical activity guidelines. Outside of the home and neighbourhood, children spend a large proportion of time within early childhood education and care (ECEC) services such as long day care. Research is required to determine how the design of day care outdoor (and indoor) spaces provides opportunities or constraints for physical activity. A significant evidence gap surrounds what objectively measured attributes of the home and neighbourhood environment influence preschoolers' physical activity. The PLAY Spaces & Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) study will empirically investigate the relative and cumulative influence of the day care, home and neighbourhood environment on preschoolers' physical activity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PLAYCE study is a cross-sectional observational study (April 2015 to April 2018) of 2400 children aged 2-5 years attending long day care in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Accelerometers will measure physical activity with indoor physical activity measured using radio frequency identification. Global positioning systems will be used to determine outdoor location of physical activity around the home and neighbourhood for a subsample (n=310). The day care environment will be objectively measured using a validated audit tool. Other potential individual, social and physical environmental influences on preschoolers' physical activity will be collected by geographic information systems measures, parent and day care educator surveys. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted by The University of Western Australia Human Ethics Research Committee, approval number RA/4/1/7417. Findings will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Key findings will be disseminated to stakeholders, collaborators, policymakers and practitioners working in the ECEC sector. Day care centre directors and parents will be given a summary report of the key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clover Maitland
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Enkel
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina Trapp
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- Centre for Children's Health Research-School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bryan Boruff
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Babitsch B, Geene R, Hassel H, Kliche T, Bacchetta B, Baltes S, Nold S, Rosenfeldt D. [Criteria catalogue to systematize conceptual approaches in universal prevention of childhood overweight : Methodological approach and first results]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1415-1422. [PMID: 27757511 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are serious health risks for children and adolescents. Hence, various prevention projects have been initiated and implemented. Until now, a systematic overview of interventions in different settings has been lacking. AIM(S)/RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of the "Prevention of child overweight" project (SkAP-project) is to prepare a systematic overview of the conceptual approaches used in universal prevention of overweight among children and adolescents. First of all, a comprehensive criteria catalogue will be developed based on systematic searches. In the next step the criteria catalogue will be applied to identify and characterize conceptual approaches. DATA AND METHODS Criteria to describe conceptual approaches as well as determinants of childhood overweight were determined by systematic searches. The searches included relevant data bases and were further expanded by internet and hand search. Three settings (kindergarten, school and communities) and families are addressed by the systematic searches. Additional non-setting specific searches were conducted. RESULTS A comprehensive criteria catalogue was developed, which allows a detailed analysis of conceptual approaches. This catalogue covers further quality criteria as well as determinants of childhood overweight. DISCUSSION Currently, the criteria catalogue is being employed. Although the detailed analysis of conceptual approaches can be regarded as advantage of the criteria catalogue, there are also some limitations, such as the lack of necessary information provided in publications. Overall, the application will reveal an overview regarding universal prevention in childhood overweight, which is still lacking, and will support development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Babitsch
- Abteilung New Public Health, Institut für Gesundheitsforschung und Bildung FB 8 - Humanwissenschaften, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 22c, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Baltes
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal, Deutschland
| | | | - Daniel Rosenfeldt
- Abteilung New Public Health, Institut für Gesundheitsforschung und Bildung FB 8 - Humanwissenschaften, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 22c, 49076, Osnabrück, Deutschland
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Tonge KL, Jones RA, Okely AD. Correlates of children's objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in early childhood education and care services: A systematic review. Prev Med 2016; 89:129-139. [PMID: 27235604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services. Appropriate levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior are important to promote in ECEC services. METHODS A systematic search of 8 databases identified 27 studies published between 1992 and 2015 that met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected and analyzed in 2014 and 2015, and variables were categorized using a Social Ecological Framework. RESULTS Sixty-six variables were identified. The domains of child characteristics (18 studies) and physical environmental factors (17 studies) were most consistently studied, and, for physical activity had the most positive associations. The strongest associations of physical activity were: child's sex and age, children's gross motor coordination, provision of active opportunities for physical activity, and features of outdoor environments (size, use of and presence). The only strong association for sedentary behavior was the presence of outdoor environments. CONCLUSION The correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in ECEC services vary. It appears that the most significant influence from within these settings is the physical environments for both physical activity and sedentary behavior. There was an absence of consistent evidence at the educator and organizational levels. Further research in this area should focus on effective use of space, intentional teaching opportunities and well as professional development for educators with an emphasis on their role as a facilitator of quality experiences. This review has been registered with Prospero, #CRD42014013660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Tonge
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Gerritsen S, Morton SMB, Wall CR. Physical activity and screen use policy and practices in childcare: results from a survey of early childhood education services in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 40:319-25. [PMID: 27198060 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate written policies, equipment, strategies and barriers to children's activity in early childhood education settings, including participation in health promotion programs and reported time children spend in active play and using screens while in care. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey of licensed childcare services in Auckland and Waikato. Policies were scored using a validated tool (WellCCAT-NZ). Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression. RESULTS Managers, head teachers or similar from 237 services completed the survey (28% of invited services). Of these, 35% had a written activity policy; most policies scored low on the WellCCAT-NZ. Comprehensive and strongly worded policies were associated with a lower adult-to-child ratio (p=0.03, adjusted for ECE characteristics). No policies addressed screen use. Children were reported to have teacher-led activity 80 minutes/day, and child-led activity five hours/day (indoor and outdoor). Children watched television daily in 2% and weekly in 11% the services; and used computers daily in 11% and weekly in 22% of services. Fewer than half of services participated in health promotion programs with a physical activity component. CONCLUSIONS Childcare services reported having adequate equipment, space and time for physical activity of children; however, there are low participation rates in activity programs and a notable absence of written policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerritsen
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Lee ST, Wong JE, Ong WW, Ismail MN, Deurenberg P, Poh BK. Physical Activity Pattern of Malaysian Preschoolers: Environment, Barriers, and Motivators for Active Play. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28:21S-34S. [PMID: 27026634 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516638155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children's physical activity has been correlated with child characteristics and social or physical environment. This study aimed to compare preschoolers' physical activity among various sociodemographic characteristics and to determine barriers, motivators, and environmental factors for active play. A total of 835 preschoolers were included in this analysis. Time spent on active play, quiet play, and screen time was reported by parents. Boys spent significantly more time on active play and screen time than girls. Time spent on quiet play was highest in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia and lowest in Sarawak. Some 40% of children achieved active play recommendation while 27% exceeded daily screen time recommendation. Most parents reported that their child played actively in the house area; and that the main barrier and motivator to active play were safety and child's enjoyment, respectively. These findings demonstrate that sociodemographic characteristics and environment should be considered in designing physical activity intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Wen Ong
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Ismail
- Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Bee Koon Poh
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Venetsanou F, Kambas A, Giannakidou D. ORGANIZED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH IN PRESCHOOL AGE: A REVIEW. Cent Eur J Public Health 2015; 23:200-7. [PMID: 26615650 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate how organized Physical Activity (oPA) can contribute to the promotion of preschool aged children's health and specifically to health indicators such as adiposity, bone and skeletal health, cardiometabolic health, motor skill development, cognitive development, and psychosocial health. METHODS A literature search of interventions aimed at improving health in preschool age was conducted in five electronic databases. Included in the review were only studies meeting the following criteria: published or accepted for publication studies; written in English; intervention with any type of oPA; 2-6 years old participants; pre- and post-objective assessments of the intervention effects; presence of a control group. RESULTS The majority of studies that met the inclusion criteria (n = 13) considered the effect of oPA on children's motor development, while limited were those which examined the rest of the health indicators--adiposity (n = 4), bone and skeletal health (n = 2), cardiometabolic health (n = 0), cognitive development (n = 2), and psychosocial health (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS The information about how oPA can influence preschoolers' health status, although promising in most cases, was deficient. Questions about the kind, intensity, amount or frequency of physical activity (PA) required so as children's health to be enhanced still remain. Further research into the relationship between oPA and health in preschool age is required in order to draw conclusions enabling the development of efficient PA programmes to promote children's health.
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Ekim A. The Effect of Parents' Self-Efficacy Perception on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors of Turkish Preschool Children. ISSUES IN COMPREHENSIVE PEDIATRIC NURSING 2015:1-13. [PMID: 26471958 DOI: 10.3109/01460862.2015.1090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preschool is an important period for the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Parents have a great influence upon a child developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of parents related to their preschool children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. This study was conducted with a research population of 425 parents of 3- to 6-year-old children. The data collection tools included Demographic Information Form, and The Parental Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSQ). Also, the weight and height of the children and their parents were measured. There was a positive correlation in parental self-efficacy score between parents' educational status and economic status and there was a significant negative correlation between children's body mass index and parental self-efficacy scores. The understanding of the effect of parental self-efficacy perception in the development of preschool children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors is one of the first important steps in effective health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Ekim
- a Department of Nursing , School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Hamilton K, Spinks T, White KM, Kavanagh DJ, Walsh AM. A psychosocial analysis of parents' decisions for limiting their young child's screen time: An examination of attitudes, social norms and roles, and control perceptions. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 21:285-301. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Mt Gravatt Queensland Australia
| | - Teagan Spinks
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Mt Gravatt Queensland Australia
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia
| | - David J. Kavanagh
- School of Psychology and Counselling; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia
| | - Anne M. Walsh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia
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Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Mikolajczyk E. Effect of excessive body weight on foot arch changes in preschoolers a 2-year follow-up study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2015. [PMID: 26218153 DOI: 10.7547/14-101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stable standing posture, and effective and aesthetic gait, depend heavily on correct anatomical construction of the feet, thanks to which they can play their important role. The shape and height of the foot arches are already formed in the preschool and early school years; therefore, abnormalities and disorders in children's feet, and correlations between foot formation and somatic build, are still crucial and interesting issues for orthopedists, pediatricians, physiotherapists, and podiatrists. This study deals with changes in the height of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot in 4- to 6-year-old children. METHODS A total of 102 boys and 105 girls took part in a 24-month study in which their body weight, height, body mass index, and Clarke's and gamma angles were measured. The analysis also focused on correlations among sex, nutritional status, and changes in foot arch height. RESULTS It was discovered that sex did not considerably affect Clarke's and gamma angle values. However, it was found that between ages 4 and 6 years, the proportion of overweight and obese boys and girls increased, and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot had a tendency to collapse in those with excessive body weight. The effect of nutritional status on the transverse arch of the foot is rather dubious. CONCLUSIONS In light of these findings, therapeutic programs for preventing foot deformities in children should also focus on body weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Mikolajczyk
- University of Physical Education, Department of Physiotherapy, Krakow, Poland
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Investigating the Relationship of Body Mass Index, Diet Quality, and Physical Activity Level between Fathers and Their Preschool-Aged Children. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:919-26. [PMID: 25650351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet quality and physical activity are two important factors in determining a child's risk for obesity. In early childhood, parents may serve as role models for these behaviors. However, few studies have examined associations of a father's body mass index (BMI), dietary intake, and physical activity with his preschool-aged child. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between fathers' and children's body weight, diet quality, and physical activity. DESIGN This cross-sectional study included one-on-one interviews with fathers (n=150) of preschool-aged children conducted by a trained interviewer (a registered dietitian nutritionist). PARTICIPANTS To be eligible, biological fathers (n=150) of preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 5 years) were required to regularly eat at least one meal per week with their child and be able to read or speak English. They could be of any race, ethnicity, income, or education level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES During the interview, diet quality was assessed using a single 24-hour recall and the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Physical activity was assessed using the Pre-Physical Activity Questionnaire. Height and weight for each father and child were also measured. BMI and BMI z scores were calculated for fathers and children, respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Linear regression was used to test relationships between fathers' and children's body weight, diet quality, and physical activity while controlling for income level, race, and ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, the findings revealed that there were significant, positive relationships between father-child weight status (β=.03; P=0.05), overall diet quality (β=.39; P<0.0001), and weekday (β=.27; P=0.002) and weekend (β=.62; P=0.001) vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there are relationships between fathers' and children's BMI z score, dietary intake, and physical activity level. Future research should consider the inclusion of fathers in obesity prevention programs for young children.
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Foweather L, Knowles Z, Ridgers ND, O'Dwyer MV, Foulkes JD, Stratton G. Fundamental movement skills in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity in preschool children. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 18:691-6. [PMID: 25308629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between fundamental movement skills and weekday and weekend physical activity among preschool children living in deprived communities. DESIGN Cross-sectional observation study. METHODS Six locomotor skills and 6 object-control skills were video-assessed using The Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol. Physical activity was measured via hip-mounted accelerometry. A total of 99 children (53% boys) aged 3-5 years (M 4.6, SD 0.5) completed all assessments. Multilevel mixed regression models were used to examine associations between fundamental movement skills and physical activity. Models were adjusted for clustering, age, sex, standardised body mass index and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS Boys were more active than girls and had higher object-control skill competency. Total skill score was positively associated with weekend moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p = 0.034) but not weekday physical activity categories (p > 0.05). When subdomains of skills were examined, object-control skills was positively associated with light physical activity on weekdays (p = 0.008) and with light (p = 0.033), moderate-to-vigorous (p = 0.028) and light- and moderate-to-vigorous (p = 0.008) physical activity at weekends. Locomotor skill competency was positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays (p = 0.016) and light physical activity during the weekend (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that developing competence in both locomotor and object-control skills may be an important element in promoting an active lifestyle in young children during weekdays and at weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Knowles
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN), Deakin University, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan D Foulkes
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, UK
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Niehues JR, Gonzales AI, Lemos RR, Bezerra PP, Haas P. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from the age range of 2 to 19 years old in Brazil. Int J Pediatr 2014; 2014:583207. [PMID: 24995019 PMCID: PMC4065721 DOI: 10.1155/2014/583207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Infant juvenile obesity is currently a worldwide public health problem and it is increasing at alarming rate in the Brazilian population, showing its relevance in terms of public health. Objectives. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents between 2 and 19 years old in different regions of Brazil. Methods. The following electronic databases were searched (from September through November 2013): Medline (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO, using the descriptors and Boolean operators (obesity) and (overweight) and (child) and (prevalence) and (Brazil). Prospective and/or cross-sectional designs studies were found regarding the prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the five regions of Brazil. Results. A total of 191 scientific articles were found of which 17 met all inclusion criteria. A higher prevalence of overweight was found in the south (25.7%) and north (28.8%) of the country, and obesity in the southeast (15.4%) and south (10.4%). Conclusions. The scope of the studies was mostly based on municipal coverage, which resulted in limitations for conclusive analysis, showing the need for further studies of prevalence at the national level, with emphasis on public health in obese children and adolescents throughout the Brazilian territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina R. Niehues
- Division of Health Sciences, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Saúde (NUPEDS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Inês Gonzales
- Division of Health Sciences, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Saúde (NUPEDS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
- Division of Sport and Medicine, Núcleo de Cardiologia e Medicina do Exercício (CEFID), Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, 88080-350 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Robson R. Lemos
- Division of Health Sciences, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Saúde (NUPEDS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Poliana Penasso Bezerra
- Division of Health Sciences, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Saúde (NUPEDS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Haas
- Division of Health Sciences, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Saúde (NUPEDS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88900-000 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
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Abstract
A pre-school offering a full-day-care service provides for children aged 0-5 years for more than 4 h/d. Researchers have called for studies that will provide an understanding of nutrition and physical activity practices in this setting. Obesity prevention in pre-schools, through the development of healthy associations with food and health-related practices, has been advocated. While guidelines for the promotion of best nutrition and health-related practice in the early years' setting exist in a number of jurisdictions, associated regulations have been noted to be poor, with the environment of the child-care facility mainly evaluated for safety. Much cross-sectional research outlines poor nutrition and physical activity practice in this setting. However, there are few published environmental and policy-level interventions targeting the child-care provider with, to our knowledge, no evidence of such interventions in Ireland. The aim of the present paper is to review international guidelines and recommendations relating to health promotion best practice in the pre-school setting: service and resource provision; food service and food availability; and the role and involvement of parents in pre-schools. Intervention programmes and assessment tools available to measure such practice are outlined; and insight is provided into an intervention scheme, formulated from available best practice, that was introduced into the Irish full-day-care pre-school setting.
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Pre-school manager training: a cost-effective tool to promote nutrition- and health-related practice improvements in the Irish full-day-care pre-school setting. Public Health Nutr 2013; 18:1554-64. [PMID: 24135258 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on nutrition- and health-related practice of two methods of delivery of a nutrition and health intervention in Irish full-day-care pre-schools: training of pre-school managers only or training of managers and their staff. DESIGN A simple randomised study with pre-schools divided into two training groups: 'manager trained' and 'manager and staff trained'. Direct observational data--food and fluid provision, physical activity, outdoor time, staff practices and availability of nutrition and health resources--were recorded during one full day spent in each pre-school both pre- and post-intervention, using a specifically developed and validated Pre-school Health Promotion Activity Scored Evaluation Form. Post-intervention, self-assessment data were also collected using the same evaluation tool. SETTING Pre-schools, Midlands of Ireland. SUBJECTS A convenience sample of forty-two pre-schools registered with the Irish Health Service Executive. RESULTS From pre- to post-intervention, significant improvement (P < 0.05) in nutrition- and health-related practice was observed within both intervention delivery groups in all areas evaluated: environment, food service, meals and snacks. No additional effect attributable to staff training was observed. Scores assigned by direct independent observation were lower than pre-school self-assessment scores. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a training intervention in pre-schools significantly improved practice with no significant benefit of additional staff training. Direct independent observation is required to quantify practice accurately.
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Tucker P, Vanderloo LM, Newnham-Kanas C, Burke SM, Irwin JD, Johnson AM, van Zandvoort MM. Learning Environments' Activity Potential for Preschoolers (LEAPP): Study Rationale and Design. J Public Health Res 2013; 2:e19. [PMID: 25170490 PMCID: PMC4147737 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2013.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the study protocol for the Learning Environments' Activity Potential for Preschoolers (LEAPP) study, the goal of which is to describe the activity levels of preschoolers attending various early learning venues and explore which attributes of these facilities (e.g. curriculum, policies, equipment, etc.) support activity participation. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study aimed to recruit approximately 30 early learning environments requesting participation from preschoolers aged 2.5-5 years. Data collection included: Actical accelerometers (MiniMitter, Oregon, USA) to measure the activity levels of children for five consecutive days (15-second epoch length) while in care; the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation tool to explore the early learning environment's impact on activity; anthropometric data; the Child Temperament Questionnaire to assess the influence of preschoolers' temperament on physical activity; and demographic information from parents/guardians and early learning staff. ANOVA and linear regression analyses will be conducted to assess variances in activity levels among preschoolers attending different early learning types and to explore the impact of early learning environments on their activity levels. Independent sample t-tests will be used to examine differences in activity levels based on sex and weight status. EXPECTED IMPACT OF THE STUDY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH This research will provide the first Canadian data to address environmental influences on preschoolers' activity levels in differing early learning environments. Additionally, this work will highlight the extent to which activity levels vary among preschoolers enrolled in full-day kindergarten, centre-, and home-based childcare. Significance for public healthThis study represents the first examination of the differences in physical activity levels among preschoolers attending various early learning environments. As such, it is important that the methodology undertaken be shared in the event that other researchers doing comparable work want to adopt a similar approach. Results of this research may inform the work of health promotion, public health, and early learning stakeholders. Specifically this work may impact early learning curricula, policies, and practices in service of helping Canada's preschool cohort become sufficiently physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Christian BJ. Making connections: the linkage between research and practice--evidence for improving the quality of pediatric nursing. J Pediatr Nurs 2013; 28:95-7. [PMID: 23291304 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Becky J Christian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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