1
|
Kong W, Liao Y, Zhao L, Hall N, Zhou H, Liu R, Persson PB, Lai E. Kidney Renin Release under Hypoxia and Its Potential Link with Nitric Oxide: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2984. [PMID: 38001984 PMCID: PMC10669676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and hypoxia have a complex interaction: RAS is activated under hypoxia and activated RAS aggravates hypoxia in reverse. Renin is an aspartyl protease that catalyzes the first step of RAS and tightly regulates RAS activation. Here, we outline kidney renin expression and release under hypoxia and discuss the putative mechanisms involved. It is important that renin generally increases in response to acute hypoxemic hypoxia and intermittent hypoxemic hypoxia, but not under chronic hypoxemic hypoxia. The increase in renin activity can also be observed in anemic hypoxia and carbon monoxide-induced histotoxic hypoxia. The increased renin is contributed to by juxtaglomerular cells and the recruitment of renin lineage cells. Potential mechanisms regulating hypoxic renin expression involve hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, natriuretic peptides, nitric oxide, and Notch signaling-induced renin transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Kong
- Kidney Disease Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yixin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China;
| | - Nathan Hall
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Enyin Lai
- Kidney Disease Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Wang B, Chen M, Song L, Li H. Machine learning-based metabolism-related genes signature, single-cell RNA sequencing, and experimental validation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34940. [PMID: 37800807 PMCID: PMC10553120 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. To identify diagnostic feature biomarkers based on metabolism-related genes (MRGs) and determine the correlation between MRGs and M2 macrophages in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). We retrieved the gene expression matrix from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) between healthy control (HC) and patients with HP were identified using the "DESeq2" R package. The "clusterProfiler" R package was used to perform "Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses" on DE-MRGs. We used machine learning algorithms for screening diagnostic feature biomarkers for HP. The "receiver operating characteristic curve" was used to evaluate diagnostic feature biomarkers' discriminating ability. Next, we used the "Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts" algorithm to determine the infiltration status of 22 types of immune cells in the HC and HP groups. Single-cell sequencing and qRT-PCR were used to validate the diagnostic feature biomarkers. Furthermore, the status of macrophage polarization in the peripheral blood of patients with HP was determined using flow cytometry. Finally, the correlation between the proportion of M2 macrophages in peripheral blood and the diagnostic biomarker expression profile in HP patients was determined using Spearman analysis. We identified a total of 311 DE-MRGs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that DE-MRGs were primarily enriched in processes like steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism, retinol metabolism, etc. Finally, we identified NPR3, GPX3, and SULF1 as diagnostic feature biomarkers for HP using machine learning algorithms. The bioinformatic results were validated using the experimental results. The CIERSORT algorithm and flow cytometry showed a significant difference in the proportion of M2 macrophages in the HC and HP groups. The expression of SULF1 was positively correlated with the proportion of M2-type macrophages. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between SULF1 expression and M2 macrophage proportion. Finally, we identified NPR3, GPX3, and SULF1 as diagnostic feature biomarkers for HP. Further, a correlation between SULF1 and M2 macrophages was observed, providing a novel perspective for treating patients with HP and future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Respiratory Diseases of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Respiratory Diseases of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu, China
| | - Meifeng Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Respiratory Diseases of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmeng Song
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hezhi Li
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
ROS and cGMP signaling modulate persistent escape from hypoxia in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001684. [PMID: 35727855 PMCID: PMC9249223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to acute oxygen (O2) shortages is indispensable to aerobic life. The molecular mechanisms and circuits underlying this capacity are poorly understood. Here, we characterize the behavioral responses of feeding Caenorhabditis elegans to approximately 1% O2. Acute hypoxia triggers a bout of turning maneuvers followed by a persistent switch to rapid forward movement as animals seek to avoid and escape hypoxia. While the behavioral responses to 1% O2 closely resemble those evoked by 21% O2, they have distinct molecular and circuit underpinnings. Disrupting phosphodiesterases (PDEs), specific G proteins, or BBSome function inhibits escape from 1% O2 due to increased cGMP signaling. A primary source of cGMP is GCY-28, the ortholog of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor. cGMP activates the protein kinase G EGL-4 and enhances neuroendocrine secretion to inhibit acute responses to 1% O2. Triggering a rise in cGMP optogenetically in multiple neurons, including AIA interneurons, rapidly and reversibly inhibits escape from 1% O2. Ca2+ imaging reveals that a 7% to 1% O2 stimulus evokes a Ca2+ decrease in several neurons. Defects in mitochondrial complex I (MCI) and mitochondrial complex I (MCIII), which lead to persistently high reactive oxygen species (ROS), abrogate acute hypoxia responses. In particular, repressing the expression of isp-1, which encodes the iron sulfur protein of MCIII, inhibits escape from 1% O2 without affecting responses to 21% O2. Both genetic and pharmacological up-regulation of mitochondrial ROS increase cGMP levels, which contribute to the reduced hypoxia responses. Our results implicate ROS and precise regulation of intracellular cGMP in the modulation of acute responses to hypoxia by C. elegans. The ability to detect and respond to acute oxygen shortages is indispensable to aerobic life, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this capacity are poorly understood. This study reveals that high levels of cGMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevent the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from escaping hypoxia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaufmann CC, Ahmed A, Kassem M, Freynhofer MK, Jäger B, Aicher G, Equiluz-Bruck S, Spiel AO, Funk GC, Gschwantler M, Fasching P, Wojta J, Huber K. Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide independently predicts short-term mortality in COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13531. [PMID: 33657664 PMCID: PMC7995001 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is a strong prognostic marker in several inflammatory, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, but has not been studied in COVID-19 yet. METHODS This prospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19 infection was conducted from 6 June to 26 November 2020 in different wards of a tertiary hospital. MR-proANP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive cardiac troponin I levels on admission were collected and tested for their association with disease severity and 28-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 213 eligible patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analyses of whom 13.2% (n = 28) died within 28 days. Median levels of MR-proANP at admission were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (307 pmol/L IQR, [161 - 532] vs 75 pmol/L [IQR, 43 - 153], P < .001) compared to survivors and increased with disease severity and level of hypoxaemia. The area under the ROC curve for MR-proANP predicting 28-day mortality was 0.832 (95% CI 0.753 - 0.912, P < .001). An optimal cut-off point of 160 pmol/L yielded a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 76.2%. MR-proANP was a significant predictor of 28-day mortality independent of clinical confounders, comorbidities and established prognostic markers of COVID-19 (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.21 - 6.37; P = .016), while NT-proBNP failed to independently predict 28-day mortality and had a numerically lower AUC compared to MR-proANP. CONCLUSION Higher levels of MR-proANP at admission are associated with disease severity of COVID-19 and act as a powerful and independent prognostic marker of 28-day mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph C Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amro Ahmed
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Kassem
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias K Freynhofer
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jäger
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Aicher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexander O Spiel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg-Christian Funk
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gschwantler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fasching
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gatterer H, Rauch S, Regli IB, Woyke S, Schlittler M, Turner R, Strapazzon G, Brugger H, Goetze JP, Feraille E, Siebenmann C. Plasma volume contraction reduces atrial natriuretic peptide after four days of hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R526-R531. [PMID: 33533684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00313.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether low arterial oxygen tension ([Formula: see text]) or hypoxia-induced plasma volume (PV) contraction, which reduces central blood volume (BV) and atrial distension, explain reduction in circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) after prolonged hypoxic exposure. Ten healthy males were exposed for 4 days to hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 3,500 m. PV changes were determined by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Venous plasma concentrations of midregional proANP (MR-proANP) were measured before and at the end of the exposure. At the latter time point, the measurement was repeated after 1) restoration of [Formula: see text] by breathing a hyperoxic gas mixture for 30 min and 2) restoration of BV by fluid infusion. Correspondingly, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left atrial area (LAA), and right atrial area (RAA) were determined by ultrasound before exposure and both before and after fluid infusion at the end of the exposure. Hypoxic exposure reduced MR-proANP from 37.9 ± 18.5 to 24.5 ± 10.3 pmol/L (P = 0.034), LVEDV from 107.4 ± 33.5 to 91.6 ± 26.3 mL (P = 0.005), LAA from 15.8 ± 4.9 to 13.3 ± 4.2 cm2 (P = 0.007), and RAA from 16.2 ± 3.1 to 14.3 ± 3.5 cm2 (P = 0.001). Hyperoxic breathing did not affect MR-proANP (24.8 ± 12.3 pmol/L, P = 0.890). Conversely, fluid infusion restored LVEDV, LAA, and RAA to near-baseline values (108.0 ± 29.3 mL, 17.2 ± 5.7 cm2, and 17.2 ± 3.1 cm2, respectively, P > 0.05 vs. baseline) and increased MR-proANP to 29.5 ± 13.3 pmol/L (P = 0.010 vs. preinfusion and P = 0.182 vs. baseline). These findings support that ANP reduction in hypoxia is at least partially attributed to plasma volume contraction, whereas reduced [Formula: see text] does not seem to contribute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simon Rauch
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "F. Tappeiner" Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Ivo B Regli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "F. Tappeiner" Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Simon Woyke
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maja Schlittler
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Feraille
- National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Han ZN, Liu Y, Hong L, Cui BR, Cui X. Endogenous ET-1 promotes ANP secretion through activation of COX2-L-PGDS-PPARγ signaling in hypoxic beating rat atria. Peptides 2019; 122:170150. [PMID: 31541683 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent stimulus for the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hypoxia stimulates the release of ET-1, which is involved in the regulation of atrial ANP secretion. However, the precise mechanism of endogenous ET-1 in the regulation of hypoxia-induced ANP secretion is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hypoxia-induced endogenous ET-1 regulation of ANP secretion in isolated perfused hypoxic beating rat atria. The results of this study showed that acute hypoxia significantly stimulated ET-1 release and upregulated the expression of its type A as well as type B receptors (ETA and ETB receptors). Endogenous ET-1 induced by hypoxia markedly upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) through activation of its two receptors, leading to an increase in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) expression and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production. L-PGDS-derived PGD2 activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ultimately promoting hypoxia-induced ANP secretion. Conversely, L-PGDS-derived PGD2 may in turn regulate L-PGDS expression by a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated feedback mechanism. These results indicate that endogenous ET-1 induced by hypoxia promotes hypoxia-induced ANP secretion by activation of COX2-L-PGDS-PPARγ signaling in beating rat atria. In addition, the positive feedback loop between L-PGDS-derived PGD2 and L-PGDS expression induced by hypoxia is part of the mechanism of hypoxia-induced ANP secretion by endogenous ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Zhuo-Na Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Bai-Ri Cui
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-000, China.
| | - Xun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China; Key Laboratory of Organism Functional Factors of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu L, Li W, Park BM, Lee GJ, Kim SH. Hypoxia augments NaHS-induced ANP secretion via KATP channel, HIF-1α and PPAR-γ pathway. Peptides 2019; 121:170123. [PMID: 31386893 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) stimulated high stretch induced-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion via ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. KATP channel is activated during hypoxic condition as a compensatory mechanism. However, whether NaHS affects ANP secretion during hypoxia remains obscure. The purpose of the present study is to discover the impact of NaHS on ANP secretion during hypoxia and to unravel its signaling pathway. Isolated beating rat atria were perfused with buffer exposed to different O2 tension (to 100% O2, normoxia; to 20% O2, hypoxia). The ANP secretion increased negatively correlated with O2 tension. NaHS (50 μM) did not show any significant effect on low stretch induced-ANP secretion in normoxic condition but augmented low stretch induced-ANP secretion in hypoxic condition. The augmentation of NaHS-induced ANP secretion during hypoxia was blocked by the pretreatment with KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide) and was enhanced by the pretreatment with KATP channel activator (pinacidil). Hypoxia increased the expression of PPAR-γ protein but did not change the expression of HIF-1α protein and eNOS phosphorylation. The NaHS-induced ANP secretion during hypoxia was also blocked by the pretreatment with HIF-1α inhibitor (2-methoxy- estradiol), PPAR-γ inhibitor (GW9662) but not by NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and endothelin receptor inhibitor (bosentan). The intravenous infusion of NaHS increased plasma ANP level in monocrotaline-treated rats but not in sham rats. These results suggest that hypoxia augmented NaHS-induced ANP secretion partly through KATP channel, HIF-1α, and PPAR-γ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, China; Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mun Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Due to NPR-C Mutation: A Novel Paradigm for Normal and Pathologic Remodeling? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123063. [PMID: 31234560 PMCID: PMC6628360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) is a deadly and disabling disease characterized by severe vascular remodeling of small pulmonary vessels by fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Recent studies suggest that the Natriuretic Peptide Clearance Receptor (NPR-C) signaling pathways may play a crucial role in the development of IPAH. Reduced expression or function of NPR-C signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells may contribute to the pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is characteristic of this disease. The likely mechanisms may involve an impaired interaction between NPR-C, specific growth factors and other signal transduction pathways including but not limited to Gqα/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/PI3K and AKT signaling. The resulting failure of growth suppression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells provides critical clues to the cellular pathobiology of IPAH. The reciprocal regulation of NPR-C signaling in models of tissue remodeling may thus provide new insights to our understanding of IPAH.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vio CP, Salas D, Cespedes C, Diaz-Elizondo J, Mendez N, Alcayaga J, Iturriaga R. Imbalance in Renal Vasoactive Enzymes Induced by Mild Hypoxia: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Increases While Neutral Endopeptidase Decreases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30618804 PMCID: PMC6297360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia has been postulated as one of the mechanisms involved in salt-sensitive hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidneys have a critical role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure through vasoactive systems, such as the renin-angiotensin and the kallikrein-kinin systems, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and kallikrein being two of the main enzymes that produce angiotensin II and bradykinin, respectively. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 or neprilysin is another enzyme that among its functions degrade vasoactive peptides including angiotensin II and bradykinin, and generate angiotensin 1-7. On the other hand, the kidneys are vulnerable to hypoxic injury due to the active electrolyte transportation that requires a high oxygen consumption; however, the oxygen supply is limited in the medullary regions for anatomical reasons. With the hypothesis that the chronic reduction of oxygen under normobaric conditions would impact renal vasoactive enzyme components and, therefore; alter the normal balance of the vasoactive systems, we exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 2 weeks. We then processed renal tissue to identify the expression and distribution of kallikrein, ACE and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 as well as markers of kidney damage. We found that chronic hypoxia produced focal damage in the kidney, mainly in the cortico-medullary region, and increased the expression of osteopontin. Moreover, we observed an increase of ACE protein in the brush border of proximal tubules at the outer medullary region, with increased mRNA levels. Kallikrein abundance did not change significantly with hypoxia, but a tendency toward reduction was observed at protein and mRNA levels. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 was localized in proximal tubules, and was abundantly expressed under normoxic conditions, which markedly decreased both at protein and mRNA levels with chronic hypoxia. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic hypoxia produces focal kidney damage along with an imbalance of key components of the renal vasoactive system, which could be the initial steps for a long-term contribution to salt-sensitive hypertension and CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Vio
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Salas
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cespedes
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Diaz-Elizondo
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Department of Physiology, Center for Aging and Regeneration CARE UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Julio Alcayaga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Factor Xa inhibition by rivaroxaban attenuates cardiac remodeling due to intermittent hypoxia. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:274-282. [PMID: 30055890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Rivaroxaban, a coagulation factor Xa inhibitor, has recently been reported to show pleiotropic effects. This study investigated the influence of rivaroxaban on cardiac remodeling caused by intermittent hypoxia (IH). Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IH (repeated cycles of 5% oxygen for 1.5 min followed by 21% oxygen for 5 min) for 28 days with/without rivaroxaban (12 mg/kg/day) or FSLLRY, a protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 antagonist (10 μg/kg/day). IH caused endothelial cell degeneration in the small arteries of the right atrial myocardium and increased the level of %fibrosis and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts in the left ventricular myocardium. IH also increased the expression of PAR-2 as well as the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were increased in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. However, rivaroxaban and FSLLRY significantly suppressed these changes. These findings demonstrate that rivaroxaban attenuates both atrial and ventricular remodeling induced by IH through the prevention of oxidative stress and fibrosis by suppressing the activation of ERK and NF-κB pathways via PAR-2. Treatment with rivaroxaban could potentially become a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling in patients with OSA and AF.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiba A, Watanabe-Takano H, Miyazaki T, Mochizuki N. Cardiomyokines from the heart. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1349-1362. [PMID: 29238844 PMCID: PMC11105766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is regarded as an endocrine organ as well as a pump for circulation, since atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were discovered in cardiomyocytes to be secreted as hormones. Both ANP and BNP bind to their receptors expressed on remote organs, such as kidneys and blood vessels; therefore, the heart controls the circulation by pumping blood and by secreting endocrine peptides. Cardiomyocytes secrete other peptides besides natriuretic peptides. Although most of such cardiomyocyte-derived peptides act on the heart in autocrine/paracrine fashions, several peptides target remote organs. In this review, to overview current knowledge of endocrine properties of the heart, we focus on cardiomyocyte-derived peptides (cardiomyokines) that act on the remote organs as well as the heart. Cardiomyokines act on remote organs to regulate cardiovascular homeostasis, systemic metabolism, and inflammation. Therefore, through its endocrine function, the heart can maintain physiological conditions and prevent organ damage under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaur P, Saini S, Vats P, Kumar B. Regulation, signalling and functions of hormonal peptides in pulmonary vascular remodelling during hypoxia. Endocrine 2018; 59:466-480. [PMID: 29383676 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic state affects organism primarily by decreasing the amount of oxygen reaching the cells and tissues. To adjust with changing environment organism undergoes mechanisms which are necessary for acclimatization to hypoxic stress. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is one such mechanism controlled by hormonal peptides present in blood circulation for acclimatization. Activation of peptides regulates constriction and relaxation of blood vessels of pulmonary and systemic circulation. Thus, understanding of vascular tone maintenance and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction like pathophysiological condition during hypoxia is of prime importance. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and renin angiotensin system (RAS) function, their receptor functioning and signalling during hypoxia in different body parts point them as disease markers. In vivo and in vitro studies have helped understanding the mechanism of hormonal peptides for better acclimatization to hypoxic stress and interventions for better management of vascular remodelling in different models like cell, rat, and human is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gaur
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Saini
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Vats
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evolving Role of Natriuretic Peptides from Diagnostic Tool to Therapeutic Modality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1067:109-131. [PMID: 29411335 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NP) are widely recognized as key regulators of blood pressure, water and salt homeostasis. In addition, they play a critical role in physiological cardiac growth and mediate a variety of biological effects including antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in other organs and tissues. The cardiac release of NPs ANP and BNP represents an important compensatory mechanism during acute and chronic cardiac overload and during the pathogenesis of heart failure where their actions counteract the sustained activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and other neurohormonal systems. Elevated circulating plasma NP levels correlate with the severity of heart failure and particularly BNP and the pro-peptide, NT-proBNP have been established as biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure as well as prognostic markers for cardiovascular risk. Despite activation of the NP system in heart failure it is inadequate to prevent progressive fluid and sodium retention and cardiac remodeling. Therapeutic approaches included administration of synthetic peptide analogs and the inhibition of NP-degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Of all strategies only the combined NEP/ARB inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan had shown clinical success in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu X, Hong L, Liu LP, Wu CZ, Cui X. HIF-1α-l-PGDS-PPARγ regulates hypoxia-induced ANP secretion in beating rat atria. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 134:38-46. [PMID: 29287795 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) play important roles in cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on L-PGDS and PPARγ protein levels and its role in hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion are unclear. In perfused beating rat atria, we observed that hypoxia significantly increased HIF-1α protein levels and stimulated ANP secretion, while upregulating L-PGDS. Hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was clearly attenuated by HIF-1α antagonist 2-methoxyestradiol, downregulating both HIF-1α and L-PGDS protein levels. It was also attenuated by L-PGDS antagonists, AT-56 and HQL-49, downregulating L-PGDS protein levels. In addition, hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was accompanied by increased PPARγ protein levels and was strongly attenuated by PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Hypoxia-induced increase in atrial PPARγ protein levels were dramatically inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and AT-56. These results indicated that hypoxia promotes ANP secretion, at least in part, by activating HIF-1α-l-PGDS-PPARγ signaling in beating rat atria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-000, China.
| | - Xun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China; Key Laboratory of Organism Functional Factors of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133-002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Izgut-Uysal VN, Acar N, Birsen I, Ozcan F, Ozbey O, Soylu H, Avci S, Tepekoy F, Akkoyunlu G, Yucel G, Ustunel I. Apelin-APJ system is responsible for stress-induced increase in atrial natriuretic peptide expression in rat heart. Tissue Cell 2017; 51:91-96. [PMID: 29162289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular system is a primary target of stress and stress is the most important etiologic factor in cardiovascular diseases. Stressors increase expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and apelin in cardiac tissue. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate whether stress-induced apelin has an effect on the expression of ANP in the right atrium of rat heart. METHODS The rats were divided into the control, stress and F13A+stress groups. In the stress and F13A+stress groups, the rats were subjected to water immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) for 6h. In the F13A+stress group, apelin receptor antagonist F13A, was injected intravenously immediately before application of WIRS. The plasma samples were obtained for the measurement of corticosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide. The atrial samples were used for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS F13A administration prevented the rise of plasma corticosterone and ANP levels induced by WIRS. While WIRS application increased the expressions of apelin, HIF-1α and ANP in atrial tissue, while F13A prevented the stress-induced increase in the expression of HIF-1α and ANP. CONCLUSION Stress-induced apelin induces ANP expression in atrial tissue and may play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis by increasing ANP expression under WIRS conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuray Acar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Birsen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sema Avci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Yucel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang B, Chamba Y, Shang P, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang L, Zhang H. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into the key genes involved in high-altitude adaptation in the Tibetan pig. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623314 PMCID: PMC5473931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan pigs that inhabit the Tibetan Plateau exhibit striking phenotypic and physiological differences from lowland pigs, and have adapted well to extreme conditions. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating gene expression at high altitude in these animals are not fully understood. In this study, we obtained transcriptomic and proteomic data from the heart tissues of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raised in the highlands (TH and YH) and lowlands (TL and YL) via RNA-seq and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) analyses, respectively. Comparative analyses of TH vs. YH, TH vs.TL, TL vs. YL, and YH vs. YL yielded 299, 169, 242, and 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 473, 297, 394, and 297 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), respectively. By functional annotation of these DEGs and DEPs, genes that were enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway (NPPA, ERK2, ENO3, and EGLN3), VEGF signaling pathway (ERK2, A2M, FGF1, CTGF, and DPP4), and hypoxia-related processes (CRYAB, EGLN3, TGFB2, DPP4, and ACE) were identified as important candidate genes for high-altitude adaptation in the Tibetan pig. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxic adaptation in pigs, and furthers our understanding of human hypoxic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Peng Shang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China.,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liyuang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luks AM, Levett D, Martin DS, Goss CH, Mitchell K, Fernandez BO, Feelisch M, Grocott MP, Swenson ER. Changes in acute pulmonary vascular responsiveness to hypoxia during a progressive ascent to high altitude (5300 m). Exp Physiol 2017; 102:711-724. [PMID: 28390080 DOI: 10.1113/ep086083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia change during progressive exposure to high altitude and can alterations in these responses be related to changes in concentrations of circulating biomarkers that affect the pulmonary circulation? What is the main finding and its importance? In our field study with healthy volunteers, we demonstrate changes in pulmonary artery pressure suggestive of remodelling in the pulmonary circulation, but find no changes in the acute responsiveness of the pulmonary circulation to changes in oxygenation during 2 weeks of exposure to progressive hypoxia. Pulmonary artery pressure changes were associated with changes in erythropoietin, 8-isoprostane, nitrite and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. We sought to determine whether changes in pulmonary artery pressure responses to hypoxia suggestive of vascular remodelling occur during progressive exposure to high altitude and whether such alterations are related to changes in concentrations of circulating biomarkers with known or suspected actions on the pulmonary vasculature during ascent. We measured tricuspid valve transvalvular pressure gradients (TVPG) in healthy volunteers breathing air at sea level (London, UK) and in hypoxic conditions simulating the inspired O2 partial pressures at two locations in Nepal, Namche Bazaar (NB, elevation 3500 m) and Everest Base Camp (EBC, elevation 5300 m). During a subsequent 13 day trek, TVPG was measured at NB and EBC while volunteers breathed air and hyperoxic or hypoxic mixtures simulating the inspired O2 partial pressures at the other locations. For each location, we determined the slope of the relationship between TVPG and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) to estimate the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. Mean TVPG breathing air was higher at any SaO2 at EBC than at sea level or NB, but there was no change in the slope of the relationship between SaO2 and TVPG between locations. Nitric oxide availability remained unchanged despite increases in oxidative stress (elevated 8-isoprostane). Erythropoietin, pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and interleukin-18 levels progressively increased on ascent. Associations with TVPG were observed only with erythropoietin, 8-isoprostane, nitrite and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Although the increased TVPG for any given SaO2 at EBC suggests that pulmonary vascular remodelling might occur during 2 weeks of progressive hypoxia, the lack of change in the slope of the relationship between TVPG and SaO2 indicates that the acute pulmonary vascular responsiveness to changes in oxygenation does not vary within this time frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Luks
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denny Levett
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals National Institute for Health Research (UCLH NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, London, UK.,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel S Martin
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals National Institute for Health Research (UCLH NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, London, UK
| | | | - Kay Mitchell
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals National Institute for Health Research (UCLH NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, London, UK.,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael P Grocott
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospitals National Institute for Health Research (UCLH NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, London, UK.,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jonker SS, Louey S. Endocrine and other physiologic modulators of perinatal cardiomyocyte endowment. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R1-18. [PMID: 26432905 PMCID: PMC4677998 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase cell number, establishing cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Developmental changes in cellular maturation, size and attrition further contribute to cardiac anatomy. These physiological processes occur concomitant with a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. There are complex interactions between endocrine, hemodynamic and nutritional regulators of cardiac development. Birth has been long assumed to be the trigger for major differences between the fetal and postnatal cardiomyocyte growth patterns, but investigations in normally growing sheep and rodents suggest this may not be entirely true; in sheep, these differences are initiated before birth, while in rodents they occur after birth. The aim of this review is to draw together our understanding of the temporal regulation of these signals and cardiomyocyte responses relative to birth. Further, we consider how these dynamics are altered in stressed and suboptimal intrauterine environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Jonker
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Center for Developmental HealthOregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - S Louey
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Center for Developmental HealthOregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. An Emerging Role of Natriuretic Peptides: Igniting the Fat Furnace to Fuel and Warm the Heart. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1666-78. [PMID: 26518101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides are produced in the heart and have been well characterized for their actions in the cardiovascular system to promote diuresis and natriuresis, thereby contributing to maintenance of extracellular fluid volume and vascular tone. For this review, we scanned the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE using the following search terms: beiging, adipose tissue, natriuretic peptides, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Articles were selected for inclusion if they represented primary data or review articles published from 1980 to 2015 from high-impact journals. With the advent of the newly approved class of drugs that inhibit the breakdown of natriuretic peptides, thereby increasing their circulation, we highlight additional functions for natriuretic peptides that have recently become appreciated, including their ability to drive lipolysis, facilitate beiging of adipose tissues, and promote lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. We provide evidence for new roles for natriuretic peptides, emphasizing their ability to participate in body weight regulation and energy homeostasis and discuss how they may lead to novel strategies to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rong R, Wang YC, Hu LQ, He QQ, Zhou XF, Wang TH, Bu PL. Role of endogenous PDGF-BB in cultured cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia. Neuropeptides 2015; 50:43-9. [PMID: 25684702 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) plays a critical role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. However, its exact role in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia is not well known. This study was therefore designed to detect whether PDGF-BB expression was changed in a hypoxic condition, then the possible role of endogenous PDGF-BB in cardiomyocytes was explored, with interference RNA in a lentiviral vector ex vivo. The results showed that cultured cardiomyocytes exhibited an optimal proliferation from 3 to 10 days. However, LDH level was significantly increased but the heart rhythm was not altered in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia for 24 hours. PDGF-BB expression was substantially upregulated in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In order to know the role of PDGF-BB, we performed PDGF-BB knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes. The number of apoptotic cells and the level of LDH were significantly increased but the beat rhythm was reduced in cardiomyocytes with PDGF-BB knockdown. These findings suggest that endogenous PDGF-BB exerts a crucial protective effect to cultured cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Cadre's Ward, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-qun Hu
- Cadre's Ward, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Qin-qin He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ting-hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China; Institute of Neurological Disease, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei-li Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Della Penna SL, Rosón MI, Toblli JE, Fernández BE. Role of angiotensin II and oxidative stress in renal inflammation by hypernatremia: Benefits of atrial natriuretic peptide, losartan, and tempol. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:383-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
22
|
De Vito P. Atrial natriuretic peptide: an old hormone or a new cytokine? Peptides 2014; 58:108-16. [PMID: 24973596 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) a cardiovascular hormone mainly secreted by heart atria in response to stretching forces induces potent diuretic, natriuretic and vasorelaxant effects and plays a major role in the homeostasis of blood pressure as well as of water and salt balance. The hormone can also act as autocrine/paracrine factor and modulate several immune functions as well as cytoprotective effects. ANP contributes to innate immunity being able to: (i) stimulate the host defense against extracellular microbes by phagocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) release; (ii) inhibit the synthesis and release of proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1, MCP-1, nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); (iii) inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and E-selectin. ANP can also affect the adaptive immunity being able to: (i) reduce the number of CD4(+) CD8(+) lymphocytes as well as to increase the CD4(-) CD8(-) cells; (ii) stimulate the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) cells toward the Th2 and/or Th17 phenotype. The hormone shows protective effects during: (i) ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial injury; (ii) atherosclerosis and hypertension by the induction of antiproliferative effects; (iii) oxidative stress counteracting the dangerous effects of ROS; (iv) growth of tumors cells by the induction of apoptosis or necrosis. Since not much is known about of the role of ANP locally produced and released by non-cardiac cells, this review outlines the contribution of ANP in different aspect of innate as well as adaptive immunity also with respect to the excessive cell growth in physiological and/or pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Vito
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arjamaa O, Vuolteenaho O, Kivi E, Nikinmaa M. Hypoxia increases the release of salmon cardiac peptide (sCP) from the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under constant mechanical load in vitro. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:67-73. [PMID: 23813187 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the effects of hypoxia on the release of salmon cardiac peptide (sCP) from an isolated heart ventricle of trout during a constant mechanical load. Trout heart ventricles were studied in vitro. The ventricle was placed in an organ bath at 12 °C in which a constant mechanical load could be imposed on the ventricle while buffer solution was circulating. Ventricles were field-stimulated with a supramaximal voltage pulse at a rate of about 0.3 s⁻¹. Samples of 1 ml were collected at an interval of 10 min for 200 min from the organ bath and assessed with a radioimmunoassay for sCP. After a control period of 20 min, ventricles were exposed to hypoxia produced with N₂ gassing (n = 9) or to hypoxia with 20 mM BDM, a nonselective myosin ATPase inhibitor locking cross-bridges in a pre-power-stroke state inhibiting force production with normal electrical activity (n = 10). In this model and setup, hypoxia stimulated the release of sCP, but the interindividual variation in the response was large. At the end of hypoxia exposure, the concentration of sCP in the organ bath was about sixfold higher than at the start of the exposure (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements, followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test). When BDM was introduced into the bath, the ventricle still secreted sCP but the hypoxic response was smaller than in the experiments without BDM. In the trout heart ventricle, there is a hypoxia-sensitive component in the release mechanism of sCP which is independent of contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olli Arjamaa
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
MAPK and PI3K pathways regulate hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by controlling HIF-1 alpha expression in beating rabbit atria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:507-12. [PMID: 23916614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways are pivotal and intensively studied signaling pathways in hypoxic conditions. However, the roles of MAPK and PI3K in the regulation of hypoxia-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which the MAPK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and PI3K signaling pathways regulate the acute hypoxia-induced ANP secretion in isolated beating rabbit atria. An acute hypoxic perfused beating rabbit atrial model was used. The ANP levels in the atrial perfusates were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and protein levels in the atrial tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Acute hypoxia significantly increased ANP secretion and HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. Hypoxia-induced ANP secretion was markedly attenuated by the HIF-1α inhibitors, rotenone (0.5μmol/L) and CAY10585 (10μmol/L), concomitantly with downregulation of the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. PD098059 (30μmol/L) and LY294002 (30μmol/L), inhibitors of MAPK and PI3K, markedly abolished the hypoxia-induced ANP secretion and atrial HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. The hypoxia-suppressed atrial dynamics were significantly attenuated by PD098059 and LY294002. Acute hypoxia in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria, markedly increased ANP secretion through HIF-1α upregulation, which was regulated by the MAPK/ERK and PI3K pathways. ANP appears to be part of the protective program regulated by HIF-1α in the response to acute hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lantin AC, Vermeulen J, Mallants A, Vanoverschelde JL, Speybroeck N, Swennen B, Hoet P, Lison D. Occupational exposure to cobalt is not associated with incipient signs of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Belgian refinery. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:386-92. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
26
|
Gao S, Oh YB, Park BM, Park WH, Kim SH. Urotensin II protects ischemic reperfusion injury of hearts through ROS and antioxidant pathway. Peptides 2012; 36:199-205. [PMID: 22609449 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive peptide which is bound to a G protein-coupled receptor. UII and its receptor are upregulated in ischemic and chronic hypoxic myocardium, but the effect of UII on ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether UII protects heart function against I/R injury. Global ischemia was performed using isolated perfused Langendorff hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 20min pre-ischemic period followed by a 20min global ischemia and 50min reperfusion. Pretreatment with UII (10nM) for 10min increased recovery percentage of the post-ischemic left ventricular developed pressure and ±dp/dt, and decreased post-ischemic left ventricular end-diastolic pressure as compared with I/R group. UII decreased infarct size and an increased lactate dehydrogenase level during reperfusion. Cardioprotective effects of UII were attenuated by pretreatment with UII receptor antagonist. The hydrogen peroxide activity was increased in UII-treated heart before ischemia. The Mn-SOD, catalase, heme oxygenase-1 and Bcl-2 levels were increased, and the Bax and caspase-9 levels were decreased in UII-treated hearts. These results suggest that UII has cardioprotective effects against I/R injury partly through activating antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Research Center for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in horses with heart disease: A pilot study. Vet J 2012; 192:166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Date T, Yamane T, Yamashita S, Matsuo S, Matsushima M, Inada K, Taniguchi I, Yoshimura M. Paradoxical clearance of natriuretic peptide between pulmonary and systemic circulation: a pulmonary mechanism of maintaining natriuretic peptide plasma concentration in obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E14-21. [PMID: 22049176 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although it has been reported that obese patients have low levels of natriuretic peptide, the metabolism of natriuretic peptide in this population remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of body mass index on the natriuretic peptide clearance rate from the pulmonary and systemic circulation. DESIGN We conducted a prospective observational cohort study. SETTING/PATIENTS Thirty patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation in single center participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We measured pulmonary and systemic atrial/brain natriuretic peptide clearance and clinical parameters including body mass index and pulmonary oxygen levels. RESULTS Significantly lower atrial natriuretic peptide levels were found in all pulmonary veins when compared with the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary atrial natriuretic peptide clearance rate was negatively correlated with body mass index. In contrast, the systemic atrial natriuretic peptide clearance rate was positively correlated with the body mass index. A reciprocal relationship therefore exists between pulmonary and systemic atrial natriuretic peptide clearance. Regional pulmonary atrial natriuretic peptide clearances in the inferior lung were significantly negatively correlated to oxygen pressure in the inferior pulmonary veins. There was a similar tendency for brain natriuretic peptide, but the differences between the pulmonary artery and each pulmonary vein were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Overweight patients have higher systemic atrial natriuretic peptide clearance, whereas they show a lower pulmonary atrial natriuretic peptide clearance, which might be related to pulmonary tissue hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Date
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao S, Oh YB, Shah A, Park WH, Chung MJ, Lee YH, Kim SH. Urotensin II receptor antagonist attenuates monocrotaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1782-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00438.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive peptide with potent cardiovascular effects through a G protein-coupled receptor. Hypoxia stimulates the secretion of UII and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). However, the effect of UII on hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy is still controversial. The present study was conducted to determine whether human UII (hUII)-mediated ANP secretion influences hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy using in vitro and in vivo models. Hypoxia caused an increase in ANP secretion and a decrease in atrial contractility in isolated perfused beating rat atria. hUII (0.01 and 0.1 nM) attenuated hypoxia-induced ANP secretion without changing the atrial contractility, and the hUII effect was mediated by the UII receptor signaling involving phospholipase C, inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate receptor, and protein kinase C. Rats treated with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg) showed right ventricular hypertrophy with increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and its diameter and plasma levels of UII and ANP that were attenuated by the pretreatment with an UII receptor antagonist, urantide. An acute administration of hUII (5 μM injection plus 2.5 μM infusion for 15 min) decreased the plasma ANP level in MCT-treated rats but increased the plasma ANP level in MCT plus urantide-treated and sham-operated rats. These results suggest that hUII may deteriorate MCT-induced cardiac hypertrophy mainly through a vasoconstriction of the pulmonary artery and partly through the suppression of ANP secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Pathology, Diabetic Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju; and
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sachidhanandam M, Singh SN, Sharma YK, Salhan AK, Ray US. Plasma proANP1-98 Response During High Altitude Stress: Effect of Age and Ethnicity. Wilderness Environ Med 2010; 21:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Casals G, Ros J, Sionis A, Davidson MM, Morales-Ruiz M, Jiménez W. Hypoxia induces B-type natriuretic peptide release in cell lines derived from human cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H550-5. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a peptide hormone of myocardial origin with significant cardioprotective properties. Patients with myocardial ischemia present with high levels of BNP in plasma and elevated expression in the myocardium. However, the molecular mechanisms of BNP induction in the ischemic myocardium are not well understood. The aim of the investigation was to assess whether myocardial hypoxia induces the production of BNP in human ventricular myocytes. To test the hypothesis that reduced oxygen tension can directly stimulate BNP gene expression and release in the absence of hemodynamic or neurohormonal stimuli, we used an in vitro model system of cultured human ventricular myocytes (AC16 cells). Cells were cultured under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (5% O2) conditions for up to 48 h. The accumulation of BNP, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was then measured. Hypoxia stimulated the protein release of BNP and VEGF but not ANP. In concordance, the increased mRNA levels of BNP and VEGF but not ANP were found on culturing AC16 cells under hypoxic conditions. The analysis of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in nuclear extracts showed that HIF-1 activity was induced under hypoxic conditions. Finally, the treatment of AC16 cells with the HIF-1 inhibitor rotenone in hypoxia inhibited BNP and VEGF release. In conclusion, these data indicate that hypoxia induces the synthesis and secretion of BNP in human ventricular myocytes, likely through HIF-1-enhanced transcriptional activity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu J, Feng HS, Chen BY, Qu P, Liu LB, Chen JK, Tie R, Huang XJ, Zhao YF, Zhu XX, Zhu MZ. Protective effects of vasonatrin peptide against hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 37:69-74. [PMID: 19566831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effects of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). 2. The HPH model was developed by subjecting rats to hypobaric hypoxia. The HPH rats were then treated with either VNP (50 microg/kg per day, i.p.) or saline (0.5 mL, i.p.) every day for 7 days. Haemodynamic indices, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and remodelling of the pulmonary arteries were evaluated. In addition, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), endothelin (ET)-1 and angiotensin II (AngII) were determined, as was natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) mRNA expression in the right ventricle. 3. Hypobaric hypoxia induced severe HPH compared with the normoxic control group. Treatment of HPH rats with VNP for 1 week significantly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, RVH and muscularization of the pulmonary arteries, although pulmonary blood flow was increased in this group. In addition, significantly lower levels of plasma ET-1 and AngII and cardiac NPR-C mRNA expression were observed in VNP-treated compared with saline-treated HPH rats, whereas higher plasma concentrations of ANP were found in the former group. Acute intravenous administration of 50 microg/kg VNP significantly ameliorated pulmonary haemodynamics in HPH rats. 4. Taken together, the date indicate that VNP has certain preventative and therapeutic effects against HPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Center of Teaching Experiment, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Regulation of natriuretic peptide receptor-A gene expression and stimulation of its guanylate cyclase activity by transcription factor Ets-1. Biosci Rep 2009; 29:57-70. [PMID: 18651838 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20080094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) exerts its biological effects by binding to GC (guanylate cyclase)-A/NPR (natriuretic peptide receptor)-A, which generates the second messenger cGMP. The molecular mechanism mediating Npr1 (coding for GC-A/NPRA) gene regulation and expression is not well understood. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which Ets-1 [Ets (E twenty-six) transformation-specific sequence] contributes to the regulation of Npr1 gene transcription and expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel-shift assays confirmed the in vivo and in vitro binding of Ets-1 to the Npr1 promoter. Overexpression of Ets-1 enhanced significantly Npr1 mRNA levels, protein expression, GC activity and ANP-stimulated intracellular accumulation of cGMP in transfected cells. Depletion of endogenous Ets-1 by siRNA (small interfering RNA) dramatically decreased promoter activity by 80%. Moreover, methylation of the Npr1 promoter region (-356 to +55) reduced significantly the promoter activity and hypermethylation around the Ets-1 binding sites directly reduced Ets-1 binding to the Npr1 promoter. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that Npr1 gene transcription and GC activity of the receptor are critically controlled by Ets-1 in target cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
Newton L, Kastelic J, Wong B, van der Hoorn F, Thundathil J. Elevated testicular temperature modulates expression patterns of sperm proteins in Holstein bulls. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:109-18. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Arjamaa O, Nikinmaa M. Natriuretic peptides in hormonal regulation of hypoxia responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R257-64. [PMID: 19005014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90696.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that natriuretic peptides' effects are important in hypoxia responses of vertebrates is reviewed. Both the transcription and release of natriuretic peptides are affected by oxygen tension. Furthermore, many of the effects observed in hypoxia, such as diuresis and a reduction of plasma volume, are also caused by treatment of the animal with natriuretic peptides. Also, several clinical observations about changes in natriuretic peptide levels in, e.g., sleep apnea and cyanotic congenital heart disease, are consistent with the idea that hypoxia is involved in the etiology of conditions, in which natriuretic peptide levels increase. Virtually all published information on the relationship between oxygen and natriuretic peptides is based on human studies. Because hypoxic conditions are more common in aquatic than terrestrial environments, future studies about the possible role of natriuretic peptides in hypoxia, as well as the role of hypoxia in the evolution of natriuretic peptides, including the different subtypes, should increasingly involve also aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olli Arjamaa
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Baliga RS, Zhao L, Madhani M, Lopez-Torondel B, Visintin C, Selwood D, Wilkins MR, MacAllister RJ, Hobbs AJ. Synergy between natriuretic peptides and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:861-9. [PMID: 18689467 PMCID: PMC2643218 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) are selective pulmonary vasodilators in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The mechanism(s) underlying this specificity remains unclear, but studies in genetically modified animals suggest it might be dependent on natriuretic peptide bioactivity. OBJECTIVES We explored the interaction between PDE5 inhibitors and the natriuretic peptide system to elucidate the (patho)physiological relationship between these two cyclic GMP (cGMP)-regulating systems and potential of a combination therapy exploiting these cooperative pathways. METHODS Pharmacological evaluation of vascular reactivity was conducted in rat isolated conduit and resistance vessels from the pulmonary and systemic circulation in vitro, and in anesthetized mice in vivo. Parallel studies were undertaken in an animal model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sildenafil augments vasodilatation to nitric oxide (NO) in pulmonary and systemic conduit and resistance arteries, whereas identical vasorelaxant responses to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are enhanced only in pulmonary vessels. This differential activity is mirrored in vivo where sildenafil increases the hypotensive actions of ANP in the pulmonary, but not systemic, vasculature. In hypoxia-induced PH, combination of sildenafil plus the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor ecadotril (which increases endogenous natriuretic peptide levels) acts synergistically, in a cGMP-dependent manner, to reduce many indices of disease severity without significantly affecting systemic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PDE5 is a key regulator of cGMP-mediated vasodilation by ANP in the pulmonary, but not systemic, vasculature, thereby explaining the pulmonary selectivity of PDE5 inhibitors. Exploitation of this mechanism (i.e., PDE5 and neutral endopeptidase inhibition) represents a novel, orally active combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma S Baliga
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, The Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 5JJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Birkenfeld AL, Boschmann M, Jordan J. Metabolic regulation: effects of natriuretic peptide interactions. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2007; 2:607-614. [PMID: 30736123 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2.5.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their well-established effects on blood pressure and volume homeostasis, natriuretic peptides have complex effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In vivo, pharmacological and physiological concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptides induce lipolysis in a concentration-dependent manner and increase the lipid oxidation rate. The response appears to be mediated through the stimulation of natriuretic peptide receptor-A. More recent studies suggest that natriuretic peptides also affect the production of several adipokines. These mechanisms may be relevant, as natriuretic peptide availability is altered in numerous physiological and pathological conditions, including physical exercise, congestive heart failure and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Birkenfeld
- a Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center, Haus 129, Charité Campus Buch, Wiltbergstr. 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- a Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center, Haus 129, Charité Campus Buch, Wiltbergstr. 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- b Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center, Haus 129, Charité Campus Buch, Wiltbergstr. 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rassler B, Marx G, Reissig C, Rohling MA, Tannapfel A, Wenger RH, Zimmer HG. Time course of hypoxia-induced lung injury in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 159:45-54. [PMID: 17597012 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of normobaric hypoxia on rat lungs and hypothesized that the hypoxic exposure would induce lung injury with pulmonary edema and inflammation ensued by development of fibrosis. Rats were exposed to 10% O(2) in nitrogen over 6-168h. We analyzed cardiovascular function and pulmonary changes, lung histology and mRNA expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the lung. Significant hemodynamic changes occurred after 168h of hypoxic exposure. Moderate pulmonary edema appeared after 8h and peaked after 16h of hypoxia. It was accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis and vascular hypertrophy. mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 and -beta3 was up-regulated in lung tissue after 8h of hypoxia. After 8-16h, mRNA expression of collagen types I and III and of other ECM molecules was significantly elevated and increased further with longer exposure to hypoxia. The time course of hypoxia-induced pulmonary injury resembled that previously observed after continuous norepinephrine infusion in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rosón MI, Toblli JE, Della Penna SL, Gorzalczany S, Pandolfo M, Cavallero S, Fernández BE. Renal protective role of atrial natriuretic peptide in acute sodium overload-induced inflammatory response. Am J Nephrol 2006; 26:590-601. [PMID: 17183188 DOI: 10.1159/000098148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was performed to explore the effect of exogenous infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the early inflammatory response during acute sodium overload in normal rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to acute sodium overload (Na 1.5 M). Nonhypotensive doses of ANP (1 and 5 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) were infused simultaneously with sodium or after sodium infusion in order to evaluate prevention or reversion of the inflammatory response, respectively. We determined inflammation markers in renal tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Creatinine clearance was not reduced in any case. Sodium tubular reabsorption increased after sodium overload (334.3 +/- 18.7 vs. control 209.6 +/- 27.0 mEq x min(-1), p < 0.05) without changes in mean arterial pressure. This increase was prevented (228.9 +/- 26.4; p < 0.05) and reversed (231.5 +/- 13.9; p < 0.05) by ANP-5 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1). Sodium overload increased the expression of: RANTES (38.4.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.6%, p < 0.001), transforming-growth-factor-beta(1) (35.3 +/- 1.0 vs. 5.0 +/- 0.7%, p < 0.001), alpha-smooth muscle actin (15.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.3%, p < 0.001), NF-kappaB (9.4 +/- 1.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 cells/mm(2), p < 0.001), HIF-1alpha (38.2 +/- 1.7 to 8.4 +/- 0.8 cells/mm(2), p < 0.001) and angiotensin II (35.9 +/- 1.3 to 8.2 +/- 0.5%, p < 0.001). ANP-5 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) prevented and reversed inflammation: RANTES (9.2 +/- 0.5 and 6.9 +/- 0.7, p < 0.001); transforming growth factor-beta(1) (13.2 +/- 0.7 and 10.2 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (4.1 +/- 0.4 and 5.2 +/- 0.4, p < 0.001). Both prevention and reversion by ANP were associated with downregulation of NF-kappaB (3.2 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001) and angiotensin II (8.2 +/- 0.5 and 9.1 +/- 0.7, p < 0.001) and diminished hypoxia evaluated through HIF-1alpha expression (8.4 +/- 0.8 and 8.8 +/- 0.7, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence supporting a protective role of ANP in both prevention and reversion of renal inflammation in rats with acute sodium overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Rosón
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li P, Oparil S, Novak L, Cao X, Shi W, Lucas J, Chen YF. ANP signaling inhibits TGF-beta-induced Smad2 and Smad3 nuclear translocation and extracellular matrix expression in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 102:390-8. [PMID: 17038494 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00468.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta play important counterregulatory roles in pulmonary vascular adaptation to chronic hypoxia. To define the molecular mechanism of this important interaction, we tested whether ANP-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling inhibits TGF-beta1-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and defined the specific site(s) at which this molecular merging of signaling pathways occurs. Rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were treated with ANP (1 muM) or cGMP (1 mM) with or without pretreatment with PKG inhibitors KT-5823 (1 muM) or Rp-8-bromo-cGMP (Rp-8-Br-cGMP 50 muM), then exposed to TGF-beta1 (1 ng/ml) for 5-360 min (for pSmad nuclear translocation and protein analysis) or 24 h (for ECM mRNA expression). Nuclear translocation of pSmad2 and pSmad3 was assessed by fluorescent confocal microscopy. ANP and cGMP inhibited TGF-beta1-induced pSmad2 and pSmad3 nuclear translocation and expression of periostin, osteopontin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA and protein, but not TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. KT-5823 and Rp-8-Br-cGMP blocked ANP/cGMP-induced activation of PKG and inhibition of TGF-beta1-stimulated nuclear translocation of pSmad2 and pSmad3 in PASMCs. These results reveal for the first time a precise site at which ANP-cGMP-PKG signaling exerts its antifibrogenic effect on the profibrogenic TGF-beta1 signaling pathway: by blocking TGF-beta1-induced pSmad2 and pSmad3 nuclear translocation and ECM expression in PASMCs. Blocking nuclear translocation and subsequent binding of pSmad2 and pSmad3 to TGF-beta-Smad response elements in ECM genes may be responsible for the inhibitory effects of ANP on TGF-beta-induced expression of ECM molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Warskulat U, Andrée B, Lüsebrink J, Köhrer K, Häussinger D. Switch from actin α1 to α2 expression and upregulation of biomarkers for pressure overload and cardiac hypertrophy in taurine-deficient mouse heart. Biol Chem 2006; 387:1449-54. [PMID: 17081118 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTaurine is the most abundant free amino acid in heart muscle and protects against heart failure. In the present study, the consequences of hereditary taurine deficiency on cardiac gene expression were examined in 2- and 15–16-month-old taurine transporter knockout (taut-/-) mice using a mouse-specific DNA microarray. This oligonucleotide-based microarray contains probes for 251 genes with relevance for heart function. Of these, 163 probes exhibited a reproducible hybridization signal and were analyzed. α-Actin type 1 mRNA levels were 70% lower in the heart of young and oldertaut-/-mice compared to wild-type controls. Interestingly, the hearts oftaut-/-mice showed a switch from α-actin 1 to α-actin 2 expression, as confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, mRNA levels of biomarkers for pressure overload and hypertension were upregulated intaut-/-hearts, i.e., atrial natriuretic factor (+848%), brain natriuretic peptide (+90%), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (+118%), and procollagen 1a1, 1a2 and 3a1 (+40% at least). These results point to a stress situation in the heart oftaut-/-mice under laboratory conditions, and it can be speculated thattaut-/-hearts may be even more susceptible to failure in the wild when under exogenous stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Warskulat
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie and Infektiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Modesti PA, Vanni S, Morabito M, Modesti A, Marchetta M, Gamberi T, Sofi F, Savia G, Mancia G, Gensini GF, Parati G. Role of Endothelin-1 in Exposure to High Altitude. Circulation 2006; 114:1410-6. [PMID: 16982943 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.605527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The degree of pulmonary hypertension in healthy subjects exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude was found to be related to increased plasma endothelin (ET)-1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ET-1 antagonism on pulmonary hypertension, renal water, and sodium balance under acute and prolonged exposure to high-altitude–associated hypoxia.
Methods and Results—
In a double-blind fashion, healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive bosentan (62.5 mg for 1 day and 125 mg for the following 2 days; n=10) or placebo (n=10) at sea level and after rapid ascent to high altitude (4559 m). At sea level, bosentan did not induce any significant changes in hemodynamic or renal parameters. At altitude, bosentan induced a significant reduction of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (21±7 versus 31±7 mm Hg,
P
<0.03) and a mild increase in arterial oxygen saturation versus placebo after just 1 day of treatment. However, both urinary volume and free water clearance (H
2
OCl/glomerular filtration rate) were significantly reduced versus placebo after 2 days of ET-1 antagonism (1100±200 versus 1610±590 mL; −6.7±3.5 versus −1.8±4.8 mL/min,
P
<0.05 versus placebo for both). Sodium clearance and segmental tubular function were not significantly affected by bosentan administration.
Conclusions—
The present results indicate that the early beneficial effect of ET-1 antagonism on pulmonary blood pressure is followed by an impairment in volume adaptation. These findings must be considered for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen YF, Feng JA, Li P, Xing D, Ambalavanan N, Oparil S. Atrial natriuretic peptide-dependent modulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Life Sci 2006; 79:1357-65. [PMID: 16714036 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxic stress upsets the balance in the normal relationships between mitogenic and growth inhibiting pathways in lung, resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by hyperplasia of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and fibroblasts and enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in vivo and PASMC proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. The current study utilized an ANP null mouse model (Nppa-/-) to test the hypothesis that ANP modulates the pulmonary vascular and alveolar remodeling response to normobaric hypoxic stress. Nine-10 wk old male ANP null (Nppa-/-) and wild type nontransgenic (NTG) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O(2), 1 atm) or air for 6 wks. MEASUREMENT pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial and alveolar remodeling were assessed. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertrophy and muscularization were significantly increased in Nppa-/- mice compared to NTG controls. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of hypoxia on alveolar myofibroblast transformation (8.2 and 5.4 fold increases in Nppa-/- and NTG mice, respectively) and expression of extracellular matrix molecule (including osteopontin [OPN] and periostin [PN]) mRNA in whole lung were exaggerated in Nppa-/- mice compared to NTG controls. Combined with our previous finding that ANP signaling attenuates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced expression of OPN and PN in isolated PASMCs, the current study supports the hypothesis that endogenous ANP plays an important anti-fibrogenic role in the pulmonary vascular adaptation to chronic hypoxia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/physiology
- Blotting, Northern
- Chronic Disease
- Collagen/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35296, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tervonen V, Vuolteenaho O, Nikinmaa M. Haemoconcentration via diuresis in short-term hypoxia: a possible role for cardiac natriuretic peptide in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 144:86-92. [PMID: 16603395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout, exposed to acute hypoxia (decrease of oxygen level from full to 30% air saturation for 1 h, stable 30% air saturation for 2 h), showed more than twofold increase in urine flow rate. Hypoxic diuresis was associated with a sustained increase in dorsal aortic cardiac peptide (sCP) level, and the diuresis could be completely inhibited by a bolus injection of sCP antiserum. These results suggest that hypoxic haemoconcentration, which is partially achieved via increased urine flow rate in vertebrates, is caused by cardiac peptides. The results further suggest that cardiac peptide receptors in hypoxic fish gills modulate the postbranchial systemic level of sCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Tervonen
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morrell ED, Tsai BM, Crisostomo PR, Hammoud ZT, Meldrum DR. EXPERIMENTAL THERAPIES FOR HYPOXIA-INDUCED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DURING ACUTE LUNG INJURY. Shock 2006; 25:214-26. [PMID: 16552352 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000191380.44972.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and pulmonary hypertension present a common and formidable clinical problem for practicing thoracic, transplant, and trauma surgeons. The recent discovery of efficacious drugs that are selective for the pulmonary vasculature has brought about the potential for very powerful therapeutic agents. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy has already found broad clinical utility, yet its use is limited by potential toxicities. Rho kinase (ROK) has been discovered to play a very central role in the formation of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension, and the advent of very specific ROK inhibitors has shown positive clinical results. Finally, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have been found to selectively vasodilate the pulmonary vasculature in the midst of HPV. The purposes of this review are to: 1) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of inhaled preparations of NO; 2) address experimental alternatives to inhaled preparations of NO to treat HPV; 3) explore potential therapeutic avenues associated with inhibition of Rho-kinase; and, 4) examine the use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and combination therapy in the treatment of HPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Morrell
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Carmichael SL, Shaw GM, Iovannisci DM, Yang W, Finnell RH, Cheng S, Lammer EJ. Risks of human limb deficiency anomalies associated with 29 SNPs of genes involved in homocysteine metabolism, coagulation, cell–cell interactions, inflammatory response, and blood pressure regulation. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:2433-40. [PMID: 17036337 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study explored risks of limb deficiency anomalies associated with 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in homocysteine metabolism, coagulation, cell-cell interaction, inflammatory response, and blood pressure regulation. The authors genotyped 96 cases and 437 non-malformed controls from a California population-based case-control study (1987-1988 birth cohort). Increased risk of limb anomaly was observed for three SNPs: heterozygosity for F5 Arg506Gln, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0, 6.5); heterozygosity for TNF (-376)G > A, OR 2.1 (0.7, 6.2); and homozygosity for NPPA 2238T > C, OR 4.0 (1.1, 15.4). We hypothesized that effects of variant genotypes in the presence of maternal smoking, and/or in the absence of supplement intake, may exceed effects of any of these factors alone. In particular, findings for polymorphisms in SERPINE1, ITGA2, SELE, TNF, LTA, NPPA, GNB3, and ADRB2 supported the hypotheses, both for smoking and for supplement intake. These results suggest involvement of genetic variation of biologically relevant candidate genes, and gene-environment interaction, for some limb anomalies whose pathogenesis may be related to altered vascular tone or integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan L Carmichael
- California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, Berkeley, California 94710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|