1
|
Harvey J. Novel Leptin-Based Therapeutic Strategies to Limit Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7352. [PMID: 39000459 PMCID: PMC11242278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence indicates that in the early pre-clinical stages of AD, phosphorylation and build-up of tau drives impairments in hippocampal excitatory synaptic function, which ultimately leads to cognitive deficits. Consequently, limiting tau-related synaptic abnormalities may have beneficial effects in AD. There is now significant evidence that the hippocampus is an important brain target for the endocrine hormone leptin and that leptin has pro-cognitive properties, as activation of synaptic leptin receptors markedly influences higher cognitive processes including learning and memory. Clinical studies have identified a link between the circulating leptin levels and the risk of AD, such that AD risk is elevated when leptin levels fall outwith the physiological range. This has fuelled interest in targeting the leptin system therapeutically. Accumulating evidence supports this possibility, as numerous studies have shown that leptin has protective effects in a variety of models of AD. Recent findings have demonstrated that leptin has beneficial effects in the preclinical stages of AD, as leptin prevents the early synaptic impairments driven by tau protein and amyloid β. Here we review recent findings that implicate the leptin system as a potential novel therapeutic target in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Harvey
- Department of Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Targa G, Mottarlini F, Rizzi B, Taddini S, Parolaro S, Fumagalli F, Caffino L. Anorexia-Induced Hypoleptinemia Drives Adaptations in the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus of Female Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1171. [PMID: 38674862 PMCID: PMC11054075 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an appetite-regulating adipokine that is reduced in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), a psychiatric disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation, and has been linked to hyperactivity, a hallmark of AN. However, it remains unknown how leptin receptor (LepR) and its JAK2-STAT3 downstream pathway in extrahypothalamic brain areas, such as the dorsal (dHip) and ventral (vHip) hippocampus, crucial for spatial memory and emotion regulation, may contribute to the maintenance of AN behaviors. Taking advantage of the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model (i.e., the combination of food restriction and physical activity), we observed reduced leptin plasma levels in adolescent female ABA rats at the acute phase of the disorder [post-natal day (PND) 42], while the levels increased over control levels following a 7-day recovery period (PND49). The analysis of the intracellular leptin pathway revealed that ABA rats showed an overall decrease of the LepR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in dHip at both time points, while in vHip we observed a transition from hypo- (PND42) to hyperactivation (PND49) of the pathway. These changes might add knowledge on starvation-induced fluctuations in leptin levels and in hippocampal leptin signaling as initial drivers of the transition from adaptative mechanisms to starvation toward the maintenance of aberrant behaviors typical of AN patients, such as perpetuating restraint over eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Beatrice Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sofia Taddini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Susanna Parolaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.T.); (F.M.); (B.R.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miladitiya A, Juniarto AZ, Nugrohowati AK, Winarni TI. The Role of Body Mass Index, Advanced Age, and Low Educational Attainment in Mild Cognitive Impairment among the Older Adult Population: A Study in a Rural Area in Indonesia. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 42:144-160. [PMID: 37610863 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2023.2249835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and factors associated with MCI among older adults in a rural area of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of East Java, Indonesia. Four hundred and twenty-seven older adults aged ≥60 years were included in the study. MCI was assessed using the Brain Health Test Cognitive Tool. Data related to possible risk factors were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. The indirect body mass index was determined based on ulnar length. The prevalence of MCI was 12.9%. Being underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.97; p = 0.016), requiring assistance to manage money or medications (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.02-7.23; p = 0.045), age ≥70 years (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.11-5.60; p = 0.026), and having an educational attainment of ≤6 years (OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.92-12.60; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with MCI. In this Indonesian older adult population, underweight people who had an educational attainment of <6 years, those aged ≥70 years, and those who needed assistance to manage money or medications were more likely to have MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Miladitiya
- Magister of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Zulfa Juniarto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Annta Kern Nugrohowati
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Indah Winarni
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Picher-Martel V, Boutej H, Vézina A, Cordeau P, Kaneb H, Julien JP, Genge A, Dupré N, Kriz J. Distinct Plasma Immune Profile in ALS Implicates sTNFR-II in pAMPK/Leptin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065065. [PMID: 36982140 PMCID: PMC10049559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically highly heterogeneous disease with a survival rate ranging from months to decades. Evidence suggests that a systemic deregulation of immune response may play a role and affect disease progression. Here, we measured 62 different immune/metabolic mediators in plasma of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients. We show that, at the protein level, the majority of immune mediators including a metabolic sensor, leptin, were significantly decreased in the plasma of sALS patients and in two animal models of the disease. Next, we found that a subset of patients with rapidly progressing ALS develop a distinct plasma assess immune–metabolic molecular signature characterized by a differential increase in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL16) and further decrease in the levels of leptin, mostly dysregulated in male patients. Consistent with in vivo findings, exposure of human adipocytes to sALS plasma and/or sTNF-RII alone, induced a significant deregulation in leptin production/homeostasis and was associated with a robust increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Conversely, treatment with an AMPK inhibitor restored leptin production in human adipocytes. Together, this study provides evidence of a distinct plasma immune profile in sALS which affects adipocyte function and leptin signaling. Furthermore, our results suggest that targeting the sTNF-RII/AMPK/leptin pathway in adipocytes may help restore assess immune–metabolic homeostasis in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picher-Martel
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Vézina
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Hannah Kaneb
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Angela Genge
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- CHU de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-663-5000 (ext. 6732)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu CC, Wang QH, Xin JY, Liu YH, Zeng F, Chen DW, Li HY, Yi X, Zeng GH, Wang YJ, Xiang Y, Chen Y. Association of Adipokines with Alzheimer's Disease in a Chinese Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:523-533. [PMID: 37807776 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between plasma adipose factor levels and Alzheimer's patients is not entirely clear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations between AD and plasma levels of three adipokines including plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. METHODS A single-center, cross-sectional study recruited AD patients (n = 148) and cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 110). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin with the presence of AD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the diagnostic power of adiponectin, leptin and resistin for AD. RESULTS After adjusted for the conventional risk factors, plasma levels of leptin (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.272-0.638, p < 0.0001) and adiponectin (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 1.151-1.354, p < 0.0001) were associated with the presence of AD. In total participants, the plasma adiponectin level was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001) and was positively with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001). The plasma level of leptin was negatively correlated with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001). Both adiponectin (p < 0. 0001) and leptin (p < 0. 0001) featured higher AUC than the random chance. CONCLUSIONS Plasma adiponectin and leptin were associated with the presence, symptomatic severity, and diagnostic power of AD, suggesting a potential role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113709. [PMID: 36126456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a typical member of the PTP family, considered a direct negative regulator of several receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. This widely localized enzyme has been involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases. More recently, PTP1B has attracted attention in the field of neuroscience, since its activation in brain cells can lead to schizophrenia-like behaviour deficits, anxiety-like effects, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and depression. Conversely, PTP1B inhibition has been shown to prevent microglial activation, thus exerting a potent anti-inflammatory effect and has also shown potential to increase the cognitive process through the stimulation of hippocampal insulin, leptin and BDNF/TrkB receptors. Notwithstanding, most research on the clinical efficacy of targeting PTP1B has been developed in the field of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2M). However, despite the link existing between these metabolic alterations and neurodegeneration, no clinical trials assessing the neurological advantages of PTP1B inhibition have been performed yet. Preclinical studies, though, have provided strong evidence that targeting PTP1B could allow to reach different pathophysiological mechanisms at once. herefore, specific interventions or trials should be designed to modulate PTP1B activity in brain, since it is a promising strategy to decelerate or prevent neurodegeneration in aged individuals, among other neurological diseases. The present paper fails to include all neurological conditions in which PTP1B could have a role; instead, it focuses on those which have been related to metabolic alterations and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, only preclinical data is discussed, since clinical studies on the potential of PTP1B inhibition for treating neurological diseases are still required.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hua Y, Shen J, Fan R, Xiao R, Ma W. High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids modulate gut-brain axis in obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35739547 PMCID: PMC9219185 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive consumption of high-fat diets is associated with disordered metabolic responses, which may lead to chronic diseases. High-fat diets containing different types of fatty acids lead to distinct alterations in metabolic responses of gut-brain axis. Methods In our study, normal male C57BL/6J mice were fed to multiple high fatty acid diets (long-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acid, LCSFA and MCSFA group; n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 and n-6 PUFA group; monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA group; trans fatty acid, TFA group) and a basic diet (control, CON group) for 19 weeks. To investigate the effects of high-fat diets on metabolic responses of gut-brain axis in obese mice, blood lipids were detected by fast gas chromatography, and related proteins in brain and intestine were detected using Western blotting, ELISA, and immunochemistry analysis. Results All high-fat diets regardless of their fatty acid composition induced obesity, lipid disorders, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and changes in gut-brain axis related factors except basal diet in mice. For example, the protein expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in ileum in the n-3 PUFA group was higher than that in the MCSFA group (P < 0.05). The expressions of insulin in hippocampus and leptin in ileum in the MCSFA group significantly increased, compared with other groups (all Ps < 0.05). Conclusion The high MCSFA diet had the most effect on metabolic disorders in gut-brain axis, but the high n-3 PUFA diet had the least effect on changes in metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amaro A, Baptista FI, Matafome P. Programming of future generations during breastfeeding: The intricate relation between metabolic and neurodevelopment disorders. Life Sci 2022; 298:120526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Azevedo EP, Ivan VJ, Friedman JM, Stern SA. Higher-Order Inputs Involved in Appetite Control. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:869-878. [PMID: 34593204 PMCID: PMC9704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the neural control of appetite sheds light on the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and obesity. Both diseases are a result of maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating or undereating) and are associated with life-threatening health problems. The fine regulation of appetite involves genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, which are detected and integrated in the brain by specific neuronal populations. For centuries, the hypothalamus has been the center of attention in the scientific community as a key regulator of appetite. The hypothalamus receives and sends axonal projections to several other brain regions that are important for the integration of sensory and emotional information. These connections ensure that appropriate behavioral decisions are made depending on the individual's emotional state and environment. Thus, the mechanisms by which higher-order brain regions integrate exteroceptive information to coordinate feeding is of great importance. In this review, we will focus on the functional and anatomical projections connecting the hypothalamus to the limbic system and higher-order brain centers in the cortex. We will also address the mechanisms by which specific neuronal populations located in higher-order centers regulate appetite and how maladaptive eating behaviors might arise from altered connections among cortical and subcortical areas with the hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania P Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - Violet J Ivan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior Research Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Campani D, Collado MC, Monleon D, Cacciato Insilla A, Tripodi M, Zega A, Dattilo A, Brunetto MR, Maffei M, Bonino F, Iozzo P. Liver and White/Brown Fat Dystrophy Associates with Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Alterations in 3xTg Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040278. [PMID: 35448465 PMCID: PMC9028874 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic impairments and liver and adipose depots alterations were reported in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), highlighting the role of the liver–adipose–tissue–brain axis in AD pathophysiology. The gut microbiota might play a modulating role. We investigated the alterations to the liver and white/brown adipose tissues (W/BAT) and their relationships with serum and gut metabolites and gut bacteria in a 3xTg mouse model during AD onset (adulthood) and progression (aging) and the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and intranasal insulin (INI). Glucose metabolism (18FDG-PET), tissue radiodensity (CT), liver and W/BAT histology, BAT-thermogenic markers were analyzed. 16S-RNA sequencing and mass-spectrometry were performed in adult (8 months) and aged (14 months) 3xTg-AD mice with a high-fat or control diet. Generalized and HFD resistant deficiency of lipid accumulation in both liver and W/BAT, hypermetabolism in WAT (adulthood) and BAT (aging), abnormal cytokine–hormone profiles, and liver inflammation were observed in 3xTg mice; INI could antagonize all these alterations. Specific gut microbiota–metabolome profiles correlated with a significant disruption of the gut–microbiota–liver–adipose axis in AD mice. In conclusion, fat dystrophy in liver and adipose depots contributes to AD progression, and associates with altered profiles of the gut microbiota, which candidates as an appealing early target for preventive intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152722
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrea Cacciato Insilla
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Alessandro Zega
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | | | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Erichsen JM, Fadel JR, Reagan LP. Peripheral versus central insulin and leptin resistance: Role in metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108877. [PMID: 34762922 PMCID: PMC8642294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, insulin and leptin resistance can occur both peripherally and centrally. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity share several key features including insulin and leptin resistance. While the peripheral effects of these disorders are well-known (i.e. cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, etc.), the CNS complications of leptin and insulin resistance have come into sharper focus. Both preclinical and clinical findings have indicated that insulin and leptin resistance are associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Importantly, these studies also suggest that these deficits in neuroplasticity can be reversed by restoration of insulin and leptin sensitivity. In view of these observations, this review will describe, in detail, the peripheral and central functions of insulin and leptin and explain the role of insulin and leptin resistance in various metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferrer-Donato A, Contreras A, Fernandez P, Fernandez-Martos CM. The potential benefit of leptin therapy against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2465. [PMID: 34935299 PMCID: PMC8785645 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting leptin could represent a rational strategy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as previously clinical studies have shown its levels to be associated with a lower risk of ALS disease. However, very little is known about the potential influence of leptin in altering disease progression in ALS, as it has thus far been correlated with the protection exerted by increased fat mass stores. METHODS We studied the impact of leptin treatment beginning at 42-days of age (asymptomatic stage of disease) in the TDP-43 (TDP43A315T ) transgenic (Tg) ALS mouse model. RESULTS Our study shows that leptin treatment was associated with altered expression of adipokines and metabolic proteins in TDP43A315T mice. We also observed that weight loss decline was less prominent after leptin treatment in TDP43A315T mice relative to vehicle-treated animals. In TDP43A315T mice treated with leptin the disease duration lasted longer along with an improvement in motor performance relative to vehicle-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results support leptin as a potential novel treatment approach for ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agueda Ferrer-Donato
- Neurometabolism Research Lab., Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Salud (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernandez
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M Fernandez-Martos
- Neurometabolism Research Lab., Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.,Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi L, Li J, Liang XF, He S, Dou Y, Peng J, Cai W, Liang H. Memory regulation in feeding habit transformation to dead prey fish of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1893-1907. [PMID: 34581919 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory drove a critical process of feeding habit transformation in Chinese perch when they re-trained to eat dead prey fish. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway on the memory of Chinese perch during feeding habit transformation, the phosphorylation levels of upstream signal proteins of CREB between the control group (trained once) and the experimental group (trained twice) were measured. The results illustrated that the re-training was correlated to phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and dephosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) of Chinese perch. Inhibition of ERK1/2-CREB pathway decreased the mRNA levels of memory-related genes ((fos-related antigen 2 (fra2), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta (c/ebpb), immediate-early gene zif268 (zif268), proto-oncogenes c-fos (c-fox) and synaptotagmin-IV (sytIV)) and mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (agouti-related peptide (agrp) and ghrelin), and activation of PP1-CREB pathway increased the phosphorylated levels of CREB, the mRNA levels of memory-related genes (fra2, c/ebpb, zif268, and c-fox), and the mRNA levels of appetite-related genes (pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) and leptin) in primary brain cells of Chinese perch. The memory in Chinese perch feeding habit transformation was associated with the ERK1/2-CREB and PP1-CREB pathways, which could regulate the transcription of memory-related genes and appetite-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Shi
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yaqi Dou
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Cai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdelraouf ER, Rashad H, Kilany A, Zeidan HM, Elhadidy M, Hashish A, Nashaat NH, Metwally FM. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Serotonin Levels in Autistic Children: Do They Differ in Obesity? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The risk of obesity among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is high which could be related to a disorder in their metabolism. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in metabolic control, language behavior, and intellectual development. Serotonin has a role in satiety and energy expenditure.
AIM: Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the serum levels of BDNF and serotonin in obese compared to non-obese ASD children. The influence of obesity on ASD severity, intellectual, and language development was also investigated.
METHODS: The study included 60 autistic children (Group I: 30 ASD children with obesity and Group II: 30 ASD children without obesity). The serum BDNF and serotonin levels were estimated by ELISA and by high-performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS: All participants manifested delayed language development. Almost all of them had intellectual disability. The difference between groups regarding ASD severity, language, and intellectual development was non-significant. However, BDNF level in obese group was less than that in the other group while serotonin was higher in the obese group with significant statistical difference.
CONCLUSION: The difference between the groups regarding the levels of BDNF and serotonin, which are involved in the brain development, could be related to obesity. The influence of obesity on ASD severity, intellectual, and language development of ASD children was not distinctive in the participants. The influence of such markers on ASD severity and cognitive performance needs further investigations.
Collapse
|
17
|
Forte N, Boccella S, Tunisi L, Fernández-Rilo AC, Imperatore R, Iannotti FA, De Risi M, Iannotta M, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, De Girolamo P, De Leonibus E, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Orexin-A and endocannabinoids are involved in obesity-associated alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis, plasticity, and episodic memory in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6137. [PMID: 34675233 PMCID: PMC8531398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain stores and distinguishes among episodic memories, i.e. memories formed during the personal experience, through a mechanism of pattern separation computed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Decision-making for food-related behaviors, such as the choice and intake of food, might be affected in obese subjects by alterations in the retrieval of episodic memories. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus regulates the pattern separation. Several molecular factors affect adult neurogenesis and exert a critical role in the development and plasticity of newborn neurons. Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and downstream endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling are altered in obese mice. Here, we show that excessive orexin-A/2-arachidonoylglycerol/cannabinoid receptor type-1 signaling leads to the dysfunction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the subsequent inhibition of plasticity and impairment of pattern separation. By inhibiting orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors we rescued both plasticity and pattern separation impairment in obese mice, thus providing a molecular and functional mechanism to explain alterations in episodic memory in obesity. The authors show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in the dentate gyrus of obese mice with subsequent inhibition of long-term potentiation and impairment of pattern separation. Inhibition of orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors rescued both impairments in obese mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paolo De Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. .,Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071045. [PMID: 34356668 PMCID: PMC8301849 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a multifunctional hormone primarily, but not exclusively, secreted in adipose tissue, is implicated in a wide range of biological functions that control different processes, such as the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure, reproductive function, immune response, and bone metabolism. In addition, leptin can exert angiogenic and mitogenic actions in peripheral organs. Leptin biological activities are greatly related to its interaction with the leptin receptor. Both leptin excess and leptin deficiency, as well as leptin resistance, are correlated with different human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, making leptin and leptin receptor important drug targets. The development of leptin signaling modulators represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers and other leptin-related diseases. In the present manuscript, we provide an update review about leptin-activity modulators, comprising leptin mutants, peptide-based leptin modulators, as well as leptin and leptin receptor specific monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sahin GS, Luis Rodriguez-Llamas J, Dillon C, Medina I, Appleyard SM, Gaiarsa JL, Wayman GA. Leptin increases GABAergic synaptogenesis through the Rho guanine exchange factor β-PIX in developing hippocampal neurons. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/683/eabe4111. [PMID: 34006608 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing hippocampal neurons undergo rapid synaptogenesis in response to neurotrophic signals to form and refine circuit connections. The adipokine leptin is a satiety factor with neurotrophic actions, which potentiates both glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptogenesis in the hippocampus during neonatal development. Brief exposure to leptin enhances GABAA receptor-dependent synaptic currents in hippocampal neurons. Here, using molecular and electrophysiological techniques, we found that leptin increased the surface localization of GABAA receptors and the number of functional GABAergic synapses in hippocampal cultures from male and female rat pups. Leptin increased the interaction between GABAA receptors and the Rho guanine exchange factor β-PIX (a scaffolding protein at GABAergic postsynaptic sites) in a manner dependent on the kinase CaMKK. We also found that the leptin receptor and β-PIX formed a complex, the amount of which transiently increased upon leptin receptor activation. Furthermore, Tyr985 in the leptin receptor and the SH3 domain of β-PIX are crucial for this interaction, which was required for the developmental increase in GABAergic synaptogenesis. Our results suggest a mechanism by which leptin promotes GABAergic synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons and reveal further complexity in leptin receptor signaling and its interactome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Jose Luis Rodriguez-Llamas
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Crystal Dillon
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille University UMR 1249, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Marseille, France
| | - Gary A Wayman
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Irving A, Harvey J. Regulation of hippocampal synaptic function by the metabolic hormone leptin: Implications for health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101098. [PMID: 33895229 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the hormone, leptin and its CNS actions in recent years. It is now evident that leptin has a multitude of brain functions, that extend beyond its established role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance. Additional brain regions including the hippocampus are important targets for leptin, with a high density of leptin receptors (LepRs) expressed in specific hippocampal regions and localised to CA1 synapses. Extensive evidence indicates that leptin has pro-cognitive actions, as it rapidly modifies synaptic efficacy at excitatory Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 and temporoammonic (TA)-CA1 synapses and enhances performance in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. There is a functional decline in hippocampal responsiveness to leptin with age, with significant reductions in the modulatory effects of leptin at SC-CA1 and TA-CA1 synapses in aged, compared to adult hippocampus. As leptin has pro-cognitive effects, this decline in leptin sensitivity is likely to have negative consequences for cognitive function during the aging process. Here we review how evaluation of the hippocampal actions of leptin has improved our knowledge of the regulatory brain functions of leptin in health and provided significant insight into the impact of leptin in age-related neurodegenerative disorders linked to cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Irving
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenni Harvey
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Celia's Encephalopathy ( BSCL2-Gene-Related): Current Understanding. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071435. [PMID: 33916074 PMCID: PMC8037292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin, encoded by the BSCL2 gene, is a protein that in humans is expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Uniquely, certain variants in BSCL2 can cause both generalized congenital lipodystrophy type 2, upper and/or lower motor neuron diseases, or progressive encephalopathy, with a poor prognosis during childhood. The latter, Celia's encephalopathy, which may or may not be associated with generalized lipodystrophy, is caused by the c.985C >T variant. This cytosine to thymine transition creates a cryptic splicing zone that leads to intronization of exon 7, resulting in an aberrant form of seipin, Celia seipin. It has been proposed that the accumulation of this protein, both in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nucleus of neurons, might be the pathogenetic mechanism of this neurodegenerative condition. In recent years, other variants in BSCL2 associated with generalized lipodystrophy and progressive epileptic encephalopathy have been reported. Interestingly, most of these variants could also lead to the loss of exon 7. In this review, we analyzed the molecular bases of Celia's encephalopathy and its pathogenic mechanisms, the clinical features of the different variants, and a therapeutic approach in order to slow down the progression of this fatal neurological disorder.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhuang QS, Meng L, Wang Z, Shen L, Ji HF. Associations Between Obesity and Alzheimer's Disease: Multiple Bioinformatic Analyses. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:271-281. [PMID: 33523009 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying modifiable risk factors, such as obesity, to lower the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gained much interest. However, whether the association is causal remains to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed: 1) to make a quantitative assessment of the association between obesity and AD; 2) to validate whether there was a causal association between them; and 3) to provide genetic clues for the association through a network-based analysis. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) analysis, meta-analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, were employed. RESULTS Firstly, the meta-analysis based on 9 studies comprising 6,986,436 subjects indicated that midlife obesity had 33%higher AD odds than controls (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = [1.03, 1.62]), while late-life obesity were inversely associated with AD risk (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = [0.47, 0.68]). Secondly, 2SMR analysis indicated that there was no causal association between them. Thirdly, CARTPT was identified to be shared by the anti-obesity drug targets and AD susceptibility genes. Further PPI network analysis found that CARTPT interacted with CD33, a strong genetic locus linked to AD. Finally, 2SMR analysis showed that CNR1 could be a protective factor for AD. CONCLUSION Multiple bioinformatic analyses indicated that midlife obesity might increase the risk of AD, while current evidence indicated that there was no causal association between them. Further, CARTPT might be an important factor linking the two disease conditions. It could help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the associations between obesity and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shuai Zhuang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamilton K, Harvey J. Leptin regulation of hippocampal synaptic function in health and disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:105-127. [PMID: 33706945 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the metabolic hormone leptin regulates food intake and body weight via activation of hypothalamic leptin receptors. However, as leptin receptors are also highly expressed in other brain regions, such as the hippocampus, alterations in leptin responsiveness also impacts on key functions of the hippocampus, like learning and memory. Within the hippocampus, high levels of leptin receptors are expressed at excitatory synapses, and in accordance with a synaptic localization, leptin potently regulates synaptic transmission at both Schaffer collateral (SC) and temporoammonic (TA) inputs to CA1 pyramidal neurons. Increasing evidence from cellular and behavioral studies examining leptin action at CA1 synapses support the notion that leptin is a potential cognitive enhancer. However, the capacity of leptin to regulate synaptic efficacy at SC-CA1 and TA-CA1 synapses declines in an age-dependent manner. Moreover, clinical evidence that supports a link between circulating leptin levels and the risk of the age-related neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accumulating. Consequently, it has been proposed that the leptin system is a potential therapeutic target in AD, and that boosting the hippocampal actions of leptin may be beneficial in the treatment of AD. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of the neuronal and hippocampal synaptic functions that are regulated by leptin and how alterations in the leptin system influence age-related CNS-related disorders like AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Hamilton
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenni Harvey
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hamilton K, Harvey J. The Neuronal Actions of Leptin and the Implications for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010052. [PMID: 33440796 PMCID: PMC7827292 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the endocrine hormone leptin controls food intake and energy homeostasis via activation of leptin receptors expressed on hypothalamic arcuate neurons. The hippocampal formation also displays raised levels of leptin receptor expression and accumulating evidence indicates that leptin has a significant impact on hippocampal synaptic function. Thus, cellular and behavioural studies support a cognitive enhancing role for leptin as excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and glutamate receptor trafficking at hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses are regulated by leptin, and treatment with leptin enhances performance in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. Recent studies indicate that hippocampal temporoammonic (TA)-CA1 synapses are also a key target for leptin. The ability of leptin to regulate TA-CA1 synapses has important functional consequences as TA-CA1 synapses are implicated in spatial and episodic memory processes. Moreover, degeneration is initiated in the TA pathway at very early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and recent clinical evidence has revealed links between plasma leptin levels and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates that leptin has neuroprotective actions in various AD models, whereas dysfunctions in the leptin system accelerate AD pathogenesis. Here, we review the data implicating the leptin system as a potential novel target for AD, and the evidence that boosting the hippocampal actions of leptin may be beneficial.
Collapse
|
25
|
Leptin enhances adult neurogenesis and reduces pathological features in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105219. [PMID: 33301880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to repair or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we demonstrate that leptin administration increases the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as well as in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles of adult and aged mice. Chronic treatment with leptin increased NSCs proliferation with significant effects on proliferation and differentiation of newborn cells. The expression of the long form of the leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis, microglial cell number and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahnemayan S, Mirghafourvand M, Fathalizadeh A, Faramarzi E, Reyhanifard A, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Leptin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 41:104-109. [PMID: 33487251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The exact mechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully understood yet, but it is suggested that inflammation is one of its contributing factors. Among several inflammatory factors, adipokines, especially leptin may have a great role in this mechanism; since it is not only causing inflammation, but it can also play other roles in the body that may contribute to the symptoms described for PD. Regarding the contradictions in the association of serum leptin levels with Parkinson's disease, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to have a more accurate estimation of this relationship. METHODS Published literature was obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Ovid, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Random-effect model analysis was used to calculate pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was tested with the heterogeneity statistic Q and quantified using I2. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the study quality. RESULTS Six studies including a total number of 198 PD patients and 182 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Serum leptin levels in PD patients were non-significantly lower than those in control group (SMD = -0.40 ng/ml, 95% CI -2.33-1.53). Subgroup analyses revealed that serum leptin levels of PD patients and controls in either females or males didn't show any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed that leptin level doesn't show any significant difference between PD patients and healthy controls, even when taking the participants' gender into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sama Rahnemayan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fathalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anita Reyhanifard
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barrios-Rivera A, Juárez-Tapia C, Carmona-Castro A, Bosques-Tistler T, Miranda-Anaya M. Obese mice Neotomodon alstoni show learning impairment in Morris Water Maze test, differences between midday and midnight. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1566991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Barrios-Rivera
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, México
| | - Cinthia Juárez-Tapia
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, México
| | - Agustín Carmona-Castro
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, México
| | - Teresa Bosques-Tistler
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, México
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, México
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cente M, Zorad S, Smolek T, Fialova L, Paulenka Ivanovova N, Krskova K, Balazova L, Skrabana R, Filipcik P. Plasma Leptin Reflects Progression of Neurofibrillary Pathology in Animal Model of Tauopathy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:125-136. [PMID: 32997211 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obesity was recognized many years ago. However, complete understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying the interactions between degeneration of CNS and fat metabolism is still missing. The leptin a key adipokine of white adipose tissue has been suggested as one of the major mediators linking the obesity and AD. Here we investigated the association between peripheral levels of leptin, general metabolic status and stage of the pathogenesis in rat transgenic model of AD. We demonstrate significantly decreased levels of plasma leptin in animals with experimentally induced progressive neurofibrillary pathology, which represents only 62.3% (P = 0.0015) of those observed in normal wild type control animals. More detailed analysis showed a strong and statistically significant inverse correlation between the load of neurofibrillary pathology and peripheral levels of leptin (r = - 0.7248, P = 0.0177). We also observed a loss of body weight during development of neurodegeneration (about 14% less than control animals, P = 0.0004) and decrease in several metabolic parameters such as glucose, insulin, triglycerides and VLDL in plasma of the transgenic animals. Our data suggest that plasma leptin could serve as a convenient peripheral biomarker for tauopathies and Alzheimer's disease. Decrease in gene expression of leptin in fat tissue and its plasma level was found as one of the consequences of experimentally induced neurodegeneration. Our data may help to design rational diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other forms of tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Fialova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Katarina Krskova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Filipcik
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mejido DC, Peny JA, Vieira MN, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Insulin and leptin as potential cognitive enhancers in metabolic disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
Effects of intrahippocampal injection of Leptin on seizure-induced cognitive impairment in male rats. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Waters DL, Vlietstra L, Qualls C, Morley JE, Vellas B. Sex-specific muscle and metabolic biomarkers associated with gait speed and cognitive transitions in older adults: a 9-year follow-up. GeroScience 2020; 42:585-593. [PMID: 32002783 PMCID: PMC7205909 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical frailty and cognitive frailty share biological mechanisms, but sex-specific biomarkers associated with transitions in gait speed and cognition during ageing are poorly understood.Gait speed, cognition (3MSE), body composition (DXA) and serological biomarkers were assessed annually over 9 years in 216 males (72.7 + 8.07 years) and 384 females (71.1 + 8.44 years). In females, maintaining normal gait speed was associated with lower percent body fat (IRR 0.793, p = 0.001, 95%CI 0.691-0.910) and lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (IRR 0.623, p = 0.00, 95%CI 0.514-0.752), and in males, the association was with higher cholesterol (IRR 1.394, p = 0.001, 95%CI 1.154-1.684). Abnormal to normal gait speed transitions were associated with higher insulin in females (IRR 1.325, p = 0.022, 95%CI 1.041-1.685) and lower creatinine in males (IRR 0.520, p = 0.01, 95%CI 0.310-0.870). Normal to slow gait speed transitions in males were associated with IGF-1 (IRR 1.74, p = 0.022, 95%CI 1.08-2.79) and leptin in females (IRR 1.39, p = 0.043, 95%CI 1.01-1.91.) Maintaining normal cognition was associated with lower LDH in females (IRR 0.276, p = 0.013, 95%CI 0.099-0.765) and higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass in males (IRR 1.52, p = 0.02, 95%CI 1.076-2.135). Improved cognition was associated with higher leptin (IRR 7.5, p = 0.03, 95%CI 1.282-44.34) and lower triglyceride (IRR 0.299, p = 0.017, 95%CI 0.110-0.809) in males. Education was protective against cognitive decline in females (IRR 0.84, p = 0.037, 0.732-0.982). Sex-specific biomarkers of muscle (LDH, Creatinine, IGF-1, APSM) and metabolism (%fat, insulin,cholesterol, leptin, tryglycerides) were associated with gait speed and cognitive transitions. These data suggest that modifiable biomarkers of muscle and metabolism could be targeted for interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Waters
- Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - L Vlietstra
- Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - C Qualls
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics and School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - J E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1402 South Grand Blvd, Room M238, St. Louis, MO, 63110-0250, USA
| | - B Vellas
- Department of Internal and Geriatrics Medicine, Gerontopole, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1027 INSERM, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cortés-Álvarez NY, Vuelvas-Olmos CR, Pinto-González MF, Guzmán-Muñiz J, Gonzalez-Perez O, Moy-López NA. A high-fat diet during pregnancy impairs memory acquisition and increases leptin receptor expression in the hippocampus of rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:146-158. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1728473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Yanet Cortés-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - César Rubén Vuelvas-Olmos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Pinto-González
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
- Medical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guzmán-Muñiz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bland T, Zhu M, Dillon C, Sahin GS, Rodriguez-Llamas JL, Appleyard SM, Wayman GA. Leptin Controls Glutamatergic Synaptogenesis and NMDA-Receptor Trafficking via Fyn Kinase Regulation of NR2B. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5678106. [PMID: 31840160 PMCID: PMC7015580 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the leptin receptor, LepRb, by the adipocytokine/neurotrophic factor leptin in the central nervous system has procognitive and antidepressive effects. Leptin has been shown to increase glutamatergic synaptogenesis in multiple brain regions. In contrast, mice that have a mutation in the LepRb gene show abnormal synapse development in the hippocampus as well as deficits in cognition and increased depressive-like symptoms. Leptin increases glutamatergic synaptogenesis, in part, through enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor function; yet the underlying signaling pathway is not known. In this study, we examine how leptin regulates surface expression of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons. Leptin stimulation increases NR2BY1472 phosphorylation, which is inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor, PP1. Moreover, we show that Fyn, a member of the Src family kinases, is required for leptin-stimulated NR2BY1472 phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibiting Y1472 phosphorylation with either a dominant negative Fyn mutant or an NR2B mutant that lacks the phosphorylation site (NR2BY1472F) blocks leptin-stimulated synaptogenesis. Additionally, we show that LepRb forms a complex with NR2B and Fyn. Taken together, these findings expand our knowledge of the LepRb interactome and the mechanisms by which leptin stimulates glutamatergic synaptogenesis in the developing hippocampus. Comprehending these mechanisms is key for understanding dendritic spine development and synaptogenesis, alterations of which are associated with many neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bland
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Crystal Dillon
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jose Luis Rodriguez-Llamas
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Gary A Wayman
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Correspondence: Gary A. Wayman, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman Washington 99164. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boyle CN, Le Foll C. Amylin and Leptin interaction: Role During Pregnancy, Lactation and Neonatal Development. Neuroscience 2019; 447:136-147. [PMID: 31846753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amylin is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells in response to a meal and produced by neurons in discrete hypothalamic brain areas. Leptin is proportionally secreted by the adipose tissue. Both hormones control food intake and energy homeostasis post-weaning in rodents. While amylin's main site of action is located in the area postrema (AP) and leptin's is located in the mediobasal hypothalamus, both hormones can also influence the other's signaling pathway; amylin has been shown enhance hypothalamic leptin signaling, and amylin signaling in the AP may rely on functional leptin receptors to modulate its effects. These two hormones also play major roles during other life periods. During pregnancy, leptin levels rise as a result of an increase in fat depot resulting in gestational leptin-resistance to prepare the maternal body for the metabolic needs during fetal development. The role of amylin is far less studied during pregnancy and lactation, though amylin levels seem to be elevated during pregnancy relative to insulin. Whether amylin and leptin interact during pregnancy and lactation remains to be assessed. Lastly, during brain development, amylin and leptin are major regulators of cell birth during embryogenesis and act as neurotrophic factors in the neonatal period. This review will highlight the role of amylin and leptin, and their possible interaction, during these dynamic time periods of pregnancy, lactation, and early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tian ZX, Wan M, Gao YL, Wu BF, Xie Y, Liu J, Su RZ, Tian LL, Hu YQ. Gestational weight gain and risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 40:953-960. [PMID: 31790315 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1676211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been revealed that gestational weight gain (GWG) influences the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring, but the findings are inconsistent. The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GWG and risk of ASD in offspring. Four electronic databases were searched up to August 28 2018 to identify observational studies reporting the association between GWG and risk of ASD in the offspring. Nine studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. Finally, five studies with a total of 3793 children with ASD were included in the meta-analysis. The-results indicated that excessive GWG might increase the risk of ASD in offspring (p = .0008, OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.38). More high quality cohort studies are needed to confirm this result. This research has the potential to inspire new research on ASD and promote efforts to design appropriate interventions against excessive GWG.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? It has been revealed that gestational weight gain (GWG) influences the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring, but the findings are inconsistent.What the results of this study add? This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between GWG and ASDs in offspring. This study suggested that excessive GWG was associated with higher risk of ASD in offspring.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? More high quality cohort studies are needed to confirm this result. This research has the potential to inspire new research on ASD and promote efforts to design appropriate interventions against excessive GWG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xu Tian
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wan
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya-Ling Gao
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,XiaHe Division, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bi-Fang Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui-Zhang Su
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Qun Hu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University Medical School, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
Collapse
|
37
|
Karakosta P, Margetaki K, Fthenou E, Kampouri M, Kyriklaki A, Koutra K, Chalkiadaki G, Roumeliotaki T, Vafeiadi M, Kogevinas M, Mantzoros C, Chatzi L. Cord Leptin is Associated with Neuropsychomotor Development in Childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1693-1702. [PMID: 31479200 PMCID: PMC6756960 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin is critical for central nervous system development and maturation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential regulatory role of cord leptin in the neuropsychomotor development of children ages 18 months to 6 years. METHODS This study included 424 children from a prospective mother-child cohort (Rhea Study; Crete, Greece) with available cord leptin levels and data on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition), 4 years (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), and 6 years (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Trail Making Test). Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations. RESULTS Each 10-ng/mL increase in the cord leptin level was associated with increased scores on the gross motor scale at 18 months (β coefficient: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.0-7.5), with decreased scores in the general cognitive performance (β coefficient: -3.0; 95% CI: -5.5 to -0.4), perceptual performance (β coefficient: -3.4; 95% CI: -6.0 to -9.9), working memory (β coefficient: -3.1; 95% CI: -5.7 to -0.4), executive function (β coefficient -3.1; 95% CI: -5.7 to -0.5), and functions of the posterior cortex (β coefficient: -2.7; 95% CI: -5.2 to -0.1) scales at 4 years, and with a 3.7-unit decrease in the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices score at 6 years (β coefficient: -3.7; 95% CI: -6.9 to -0.5). CONCLUSIONS Increased cord leptin levels are associated with enhanced gross motor development at 18 months but decreased cognitive performance in early and middle childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Karakosta
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University
Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Fthenou
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for
Education, Science and Community, Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences,
University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental
Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ly H, Despa F. Diabetes-related Amylin Dyshomeostasis: a Contributing Factor to Cerebrovascular Pathology and Dementia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:144-151. [PMID: 32821704 PMCID: PMC7379112 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and dementia. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, which hampers the development of treatment or/and effective prevention strategies. Recent studies suggest that dyshomeostasis of amylin, a satiety hormone that forms pancreatic amyloid in patients with T2D, promotes accumulation of amylin in cerebral small blood vessels and interaction with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Overexpression of human amylin in rodents (rodent amylin does not form amyloid) leads to late-life onset T2D and neurologic deficits. In this Review, we discuss clinical evidence of amylin pathology in CVD and AD and identify critical characteristics of animal models that could help to better understand molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk of CVD and AD in patients with prediabetes or T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Ly
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bland T, Sahin GS, Zhu M, Dillon C, Impey S, Appleyard SM, Wayman GA. USP8 Deubiquitinates the Leptin Receptor and Is Necessary for Leptin-Mediated Synapse Formation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1982-1998. [PMID: 31199479 PMCID: PMC6660906 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptin has neurotrophic actions in the hippocampus to increase synapse formation and stimulate neuronal plasticity. Leptin also enhances cognition and has antidepressive and anxiolytic-like effects, two hippocampal-dependent behaviors. In contrast, mice lacking leptin or the long form of the leptin receptor (LepRb) have lower cortical volume and decreased memory and exhibit depressive-like behaviors. A number of the signaling pathways regulated by LepRb are known, but how membrane LepRb levels are regulated in the central nervous system is not well understood. Here, we show that the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine increases LepRb expression in hippocampal cultures, suggesting that LepRb is degraded in the lysosome. Furthermore, we show that leptin increases surface expression of its own receptor by decreasing the level of ubiquitinated LepRbs. This decrease is mediated by the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), which we show is in complex with LepRb. Acute leptin stimulation increases USP8 activity. Moreover, leptin stimulates USP8 gene expression through cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent transcription, an effect blocked by expression of a dominant-negative CREB or with short hairpin RNA knockdown of CREB. Increased expression of USP8 causes increased surface localization of LepRb, which in turn enhances leptin-mediated activation of the MAPK kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and CREB activation. Lastly, increased USP8 expression increases glutamatergic synapse formation in hippocampal cultures, an effect dependent on expression of LepRbs. Leptin-stimulated synapse formation also requires USP8. In conclusion, we show that USP8 deubiquitinates LepRb, thus inhibiting lysosomal degradation and enhancing surface localization of LepRb, which are essential for leptin-stimulated synaptogenesis in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bland
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Crystal Dillon
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Gary A Wayman
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Correspondence: Gary A. Wayman, PhD, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nishizawa A, Cuelho A, de Farias-Itao DS, Campos FM, Leite REP, Ferretti-Rebustini REL, Grinberg LT, Nitrini R, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci CA, Suemoto CK. Direct Measurements of Abdominal Visceral Fat and Cognitive Impairment in Late Life: Findings From an Autopsy Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:109. [PMID: 31133846 PMCID: PMC6524696 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between cognitive impairment and abdominal visceral is controversial. Moreover, all studies so far used imaging studies to evaluate visceral fat and this association has not been described yet using autopsy material, which allows the direct quantification of abdominal fat. We aimed to investigate the association between direct measurements of abdominal visceral fat and cognitive impairment in an autopsy study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected information on sociodemographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cognitive status from subjects aged 50 or older at time of death in a general autopsy service in Brazil. Abdominal visceral fat was obtained in natura by the dissection of perirenal, mesenteric, omental, and mesocolon fat. The associations of total abdominal visceral fat with cognitive impairment [clinical dementia rating (CDR) score ≥0.5] and CDR-sum of boxes (CDR-SB) were evaluated using logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for height, age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity. In addition, we compared the discrimination of visceral fat, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) measurements in predicting cognitive impairment. Results: We evaluated 234 participants (mean age = 71.2 ± 12.9 years old, 59% male). Abdominal visceral fat was inversely associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.30; 0.70, p < 0.0001) and with CDR-SB scores (β = -0.85, 95% CI = -1.28; -0.43, p < 0.0001). When we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC), visceral fat (AUC = 0.754), BMI (AUC = 0.729), and WC (AUC = 0.720) showed similar discrimination in predicting cognitive impairment (p = 0.38). Conclusion: In an autopsy study, larger amount of directly measured abdominal visceral fat was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Nishizawa
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cuelho
- Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda M Campos
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leptin in hippocampus mediates benefits of mild exercise by an antioxidant on neurogenesis and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10988-10993. [PMID: 31085646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815197116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and dietary supplements with antioxidants each have the potential to improve cognitive function and attenuate cognitive decline, and, in some cases, they enhance each other. Our current results reveal that low-intensity exercise (mild exercise, ME) and the natural antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (AX) each have equivalent beneficial effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory function. We found that the enhancement by ME combined with AX in potentiating hippocampus-based plasticity and cognition is mediated by leptin (LEP) made and acting in the hippocampus. In assessing the combined effects upon wild-type (WT) mice undergoing ME with or without an AX diet for four weeks, we found that, when administrated alone, ME and AX separately enhanced neurogenesis and spatial memory, and when combined they were at least additive in their effects. DNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses revealed not only the up-regulation of an antioxidant gene, ABHD3, but also that the up-regulation of LEP gene expression in the hippocampus of WT mice with ME alone is further enhanced by AX. Together, they also increased hippocampal LEP (h-LEP) protein levels and enhanced spatial memory mediated through AKT/STAT3 signaling. AX treatment also has direct action on human neuroblastoma cell lines to increase cell viability associated with increased LEP expression. In LEP-deficient mice (ob/ob), chronic infusion of LEP into the lateral ventricles restored the synergy. Collectively, our findings suggest that not only h-LEP but also exogenous LEP mediates effects of ME on neural functions underlying memory, which is further enhanced by the antioxidant AX.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cordner ZA, Khambadkone SG, Boersma GJ, Song L, Summers TN, Moran TH, Tamashiro KLK. Maternal high-fat diet results in cognitive impairment and hippocampal gene expression changes in rat offspring. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:92-100. [PMID: 31051155 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet has long been known to increase risk for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Further evidence strongly suggests that these same metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment later in life. Now faced with an expanding global burden of obesity and increasing prevalence of dementia due to an aging population, understanding the effects of high-fat diet consumption on cognition is of increasingly critical importance. Further, the developmental origins of many adult onset neuropsychiatric disorders have become increasingly clear, indicating a need to investigate effects of various risk factors, including diet, across the lifespan. Here, we use a rat model to assess the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on cognition and hippocampal gene expression of offspring. Behaviorally, adult male offspring of high-fat fed dams had impaired object recognition memory and impaired spatial memory compared to offspring of chow-fed dams. In hippocampus, we found decreased expression of Insr, Lepr, and Slc2a1 (GLUT1) among offspring of high-fat fed dams at postnatal day 21. The decreased expression of Insr and Lepr persisted at postnatal day 150. Together, these data provide additional evidence to suggest that maternal exposure to high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can have lasting effects on the brain, behavior, and cognition on adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seva G Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tyler N Summers
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Suarez AN, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Regulation of Memory Function by Feeding-Relevant Biological Systems: Following the Breadcrumbs to the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:101. [PMID: 31057368 PMCID: PMC6482164 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) controls fundamental learning and memory processes, including memory for visuospatial navigation (spatial memory) and flexible memory for facts and autobiographical events (declarative memory). Emerging evidence reveals that hippocampal-dependent memory function is regulated by various peripheral biological systems that are traditionally known for their roles in appetite and body weight regulation. Here, we argue that these effects are consistent with a framework that it is evolutionarily advantageous to encode and recall critical features surrounding feeding behavior, including the spatial location of a food source, social factors, post-absorptive processing, and other episodic elements of a meal. We review evidence that gut-to-brain communication from the vagus nerve and from feeding-relevant endocrine systems, including ghrelin, insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), promote hippocampal-dependent spatial and declarative memory via neurotrophic and neurogenic mechanisms. The collective literature reviewed herein supports a model in which various stages of feeding behavior and hippocampal-dependent memory function are closely linked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
McGregor G, Harvey J. Leptin Regulation of Synaptic Function at Hippocampal TA-CA1 and SC-CA1 Synapses: Implications for Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:650-660. [PMID: 28819795 PMCID: PMC6420429 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the endocrine hormone leptin regulates hippocampal synaptic function in addition to its established role as a hypothalamic satiety signal. Indeed, numerous studies show that leptin facilitates the cellular events that underlie hippocampal learning and memory including activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and glutamate receptor trafficking, indicating that leptin may be a potential cognitive enhancer. Although there has been extensive investigation into the modulatory role of leptin at hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses, recent evidence indicates that leptin also potently regulates excitatory synaptic transmission at the anatomically distinct temporoammonic (TA) input to hippocampal CA1 neurons. The cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at TA-CA1 synapses differ from those at SC-CA1 synapses and the TA input is implicated in spatial and episodic memory formation. Furthermore, the TA input is an early target for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aberrant leptin function is linked to AD. Here, we review the evidence that leptin regulates hippocampal synaptic function at both SC- and TA-CA1 synapses and discuss the consequences for neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma McGregor
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jenni Harvey
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Maletínská L, Popelová A, Železná B, Bencze M, Kuneš J. The impact of anorexigenic peptides in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:R47-R72. [PMID: 30475219 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that patients who suffer from obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction and AD. Several recent studies demonstrated that food intake-lowering (anorexigenic) peptides have the potential to improve metabolic disorders and that they may also potentially be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic peptides of both peripheral and central origins are discussed. Moreover, the role of leptin as a key modulator of energy homeostasis is discussed in relation to its interaction with anorexigenic peptides and their analogs in AD-like pathology. Although there is no perfect experimental model of human AD pathology, animal studies have already proven that anorexigenic peptides exhibit neuroprotective properties. This phenomenon is extremely important for the potential development of new drugs in view of the aging of the human population and of the significantly increasing incidence of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Popelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Forny-Germano L, De Felice FG, Vieira MNDN. The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1027. [PMID: 30692905 PMCID: PMC6340072 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS) underlies the increased risk of obese people to develop brain diseases such as cognitive and mood disorders. Detailed mechanisms for how peripheral changes caused by adipose tissue accumulation in obesity impact the CNS to cause brain dysfunction are poorly understood. Adipokines are a large group of substances secreted by the white adipose tissue to regulate a wide range of homeostatic processes including, but not limited to, energy metabolism and immunity. Obesity is characterized by a generalized change in the levels of circulating adipokines due to abnormal accumulation and dysfunction of adipose tissue. Altered adipokine levels underlie complications of obesity as well as the increased risk for the development of obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the literature for the role of adipokines as key mediators of the communication between periphery and CNS in health and disease. We will focus on the actions of leptin and adiponectin, two of the most abundant and well studied adipokines, in the brain, with particular emphasis on how altered signaling of these adipokines in obesity may lead to cognitive dysfunction and augmented risk for Alzheimer's disease. A better understanding of adipokine biology in brain disorders may prove of major relevance to diagnostic, prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li N, Arbuckle TE, Muckle G, Lanphear BP, Boivin M, Chen A, Dodds L, Fraser WD, Ouellet E, Séguin JR, Velez MP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Associations of cord blood leptin and adiponectin with children's cognitive abilities. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:257-264. [PMID: 30390444 PMCID: PMC6239208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipocytokines may play a role in fetal programming of neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate the associations between cord blood adipocytokine concentrations and children's intelligence test scores. Methods We used data from two ongoing pregnancy cohorts in North America: the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC, n = 429) and Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME, n = 183) Studies. Umbilical cord blood adipocytokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We assessed children's Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and its components using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-III or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. We used linear regression and linear mixed models to estimate associations between log2-transformed adipocytokine concentrations and children's IQ after adjusting for sociodemographic, perinatal, and child factors. Results After adjusting for covariates, cord blood adiponectin was positively associated with children's full-scale IQ scores at age 3 years in the MIREC Study (β = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2, 2.5) and at ages 5 and 8 years in the HOME Study (β = 1.7, CI: -0.1, 3.5). Adiponectin was positively associated with performance IQ in both studies (MIREC: β = 2.0, CI: 0.7, 3.3; HOME: β = 2.2, CI: 0.5, 3.9). Adiponectin was positively associated with working memory composite scores at age 8 in the HOME Study (β = 3.1, CI: 1.0, 5.2). Leptin was not associated with children's IQ in either study. Conclusions Cord blood adiponectin was associated with higher full-scale and performance IQ and working memory composite scores in children. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada; Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linda Dodds
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, IWK Health Center, Halifax, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHUS (CHU de Sherbrooke), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Ouellet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria P Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu J, Jiao Y, Xing M, Lin Y, Su Y, Ding W, Zhu C, Peng Y, Qi D, Cui D. Increased plasma leptin as a novel predictor for psychopathological depressive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Gen Psychiatr 2018; 31:e100018. [PMID: 30815631 PMCID: PMC6371651 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2018-100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are often seen in schizophrenia. The overlap in presentation makes it difficult to distinguish depressive symptoms from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The adipokine leptin was found to be altered in both depression and schizophrenia. There are few studies focusing on the prediction of leptin in diagnosis and evaluation of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVEAIMS To assess the plasma leptin level in patients with schizophrenia and its relationships with depressive symptoms. METHODS Cross-sectional studies were applied to (1) compare the levels of plasma leptin between schizophrenia (n=74) and healthy controls (n=50); and (2) investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and depressive subscores. RESULTS (1) Plasma leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. (2) Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between leptin levels and the depressed factor scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). (3) Stepwise multiple regression analyses identified leptin as an influencing factor for depressed factor score on PANSS. CONCLUSION Leptin may serve as a predictor for the depressive symptoms of chronic schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Jiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xing
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yezhe Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousong Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dake Qi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Del Olmo N, Ruiz-Gayo M. Influence of High-Fat Diets Consumed During the Juvenile Period on Hippocampal Morphology and Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:439. [PMID: 30515083 PMCID: PMC6255817 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of obesity on neurocognitive functioning is an issue of increasing clinical interest. Over the last decade, a number of studies have analyzed the influence of high-fat diets (HFDs) on cognitive performance, particularly in adolescent individuals. Different approaches, including behavioral, neurochemical, electrophysiological and morphological studies, have been developed to address the effect of HFDs on neural processes interfering with learning and memory skills in rodents. Many of the studies have focused on learning and memory related to the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying these processes. The goal of the current review article is to highlight the relationship between hippocampal learning/memory deficits and nutritional/endocrine inputs derived from HFDs consumption, with a special emphasis on research showing the effect of HFDs intake during the juvenile period. We have also reviewed recent research regarding the effect of HFDs on hippocampal neurotransmission. An overview of research suggesting the involvement of fatty acid (FA) receptor-mediated signaling pathways in memory deficits triggered by HFDs is also provided. Finally, the role of leptin and HFD-evoked hyperleptinemia is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|