1
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Schüß C, Behr V, Beck-Sickinger AG. Illuminating the neuropeptide Y 4 receptor and its ligand pancreatic polypeptide from a structural, functional, and therapeutic perspective. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102416. [PMID: 38430725 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y4 receptor (Y4R), a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the hormone pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are members of the neuropeptide Y family consisting of four receptors (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, Y5R) and three highly homologous peptide ligands (neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, PP). In this family, the Y4R is of particular interest as it is the only subtype with high affinity to PP over NPY. The Y4R, as a mediator of PP signaling, has a pivotal role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis, offering potential avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. PP as anorexigenic peptide is released postprandial from the pancreas in response to food intake, induces satiety signals and contributes to hamper excessive food intake. Moreover, this system was also described to be associated with different types of cancer: overexpression of Y4R have been found in human adenocarcinoma cells, while elevated levels of PP are related to the development of pancreatic endocrine tumors. The pharmacological relevance of the Y4R advanced the search for potent and selective ligands for this receptor subtype, which will be significantly progressed through the elucidation of the active state PP-Y4R cryo-EM structure. This review summarizes the development of novel PP-derived ligands, like Obinepitide as dual Y2R/Y4R agonist in clinical trials or UR-AK86c as small hexapeptide agonist with picomolar affinity, as well as the first allosteric modulators that selectively target the Y4R, e.g. VU0506013 as potent Y4R positive allosteric modulator or (S)-VU0637120 as allosteric antagonist. Here, we provide valuable insights into the complex physiological functions of the Y4R and PP and the pharmacological relevance of the system in appetite regulation to open up new avenues for the development of tool compounds for targeted therapies with potential applications in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schüß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Germany.
| | - Victoria Behr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Germany
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2
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Zhang L, Herzog H. Important role of NPY-Y4R signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102425. [PMID: 38554699 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The control of feeding and physical activity is tightly linked and coordinated. However the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One of the major regulatory systems of feeding behaviour involves neuropeptide Y (NPY) signalling, with the signalling mediated through NPY Y4 receptor also known to influence activity. Here we show that mice globally lacking the Npy4r (Npy4r-/-) in the absence of access to a running wheel behaved WT-like with regards to food intake, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and locomotion regardless of being fed on a chow or high fat diet. Interestingly however, when given the access to a running wheel, Npy4r-/- mice while having a comparable locomotor activity, showed significantly higher wheel-running activity than WT, again regardless of dietary conditions. This higher wheel-running activity in Npy4r-/-mice arose from an increased dark-phase running time rather than changes in number of running bouts or the running speed. Consistently, energy expenditure was higher in Npy4r-/- than WT mice. Importantly, food intake was reduced in Npy4r-/-mice under wheel access condition which was due to decreased feeding bouts rather than changes in meal size. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of Npy4r signalling in the dual control of feeding and physical activity, particularly in the form of wheel-running activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW SYDNEY, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Herbert Herzog
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW SYDNEY, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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4
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Gleixner J, Kopanchuk S, Grätz L, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Veikšina S, Höring C, Gattor AO, Humphrys LJ, Müller C, Archipowa N, Köckenberger J, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ, Rinken A, Keller M. Illuminating Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor Binding: Fluorescent Cyclic Peptides with Subnanomolar Binding Affinity as Novel Molecular Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1142-1168. [PMID: 38633582 PMCID: PMC11019746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4 receptor (Y4R), a member of the family of NPY receptors, is physiologically activated by the linear 36-amino acid peptide pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The Y4R is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, most importantly pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and regulation of food intake. So far, Y4R binding affinities have been mostly studied in radiochemical binding assays. Except for a few fluorescently labeled PP derivatives, fluorescence-tagged Y4R ligands with high affinity have not been reported. Here, we introduce differently fluorescence-labeled (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, Py-1, Py-5) Y4R ligands derived from recently reported cyclic hexapeptides showing picomolar Y4R binding affinity. With pKi values of 9.22-9.71 (radioligand competition binding assay), all fluorescent ligands (16-19) showed excellent Y4R affinity. Y4R saturation binding, binding kinetics, and competition binding with reference ligands were studied using different fluorescence-based methods: flow cytometry (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, and Py-1 label), fluorescence anisotropy (Cy3B label), and NanoBRET (Cy3B label) binding assays. These experiments confirmed the high binding affinity to Y4R (equilibrium pKd: 9.02-9.9) and proved the applicability of the probes for fluorescence-based Y4R competition binding studies and imaging techniques such as single-receptor molecule tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gleixner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maris-Johanna Tahk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veikšina
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O. Gattor
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J. Humphrys
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute
of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical
Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Max Keller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Kumari R, Pascalau R, Wang H, Bajpayi S, Yurgel M, Quansah K, Hattar S, Tampakakis E, Kuruvilla R. Sympathetic NPY controls glucose homeostasis, cold tolerance, and cardiovascular functions in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113674. [PMID: 38236776 PMCID: PMC10951981 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is best known for its effects in the brain as an orexigenic and anxiolytic agent and in reducing energy expenditure. NPY is also co-expressed with norepinephrine (NE) in sympathetic neurons. Although NPY is generally considered to modulate noradrenergic responses, its specific roles in autonomic physiology remain under-appreciated. Here, we show that sympathetic-derived NPY is essential for metabolic and cardiovascular regulation in mice. NPY and NE are co-expressed in 90% of prevertebral sympathetic neurons and only 43% of paravertebral neurons. NPY-expressing neurons primarily innervate blood vessels in peripheral organs. Sympathetic-specific NPY deletion elicits pronounced metabolic and cardiovascular defects in mice, including reductions in insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, cold tolerance, and pupil size and elevated heart rate, while notably, however, basal blood pressure was unchanged. These findings provide insight into target tissue-specific functions of NPY derived from sympathetic neurons and imply its potential involvement in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniki Kumari
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Raluca Pascalau
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheetal Bajpayi
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maria Yurgel
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwaku Quansah
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Samer Hattar
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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6
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Bale R, Doshi G. Cross talk about the role of Neuropeptide Y in CNS disorders and diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102388. [PMID: 37918268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A peptide composed of a 36 amino acid called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is employed in a variety of physiological processes to manage and treat conditions affecting the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems. NPY naturally binds to G-protein coupled receptors, activating the Y-receptors (Y1-Y5 and y6). The findings on numerous therapeutic applications of NPY for CNS disease are presented in this review by the authors. New targets for treating diseases will be revealed by medication combinations that target NPY and its receptors. This review is mainly focused on disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Machado Joseph disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The findings from the preclinical studies and clinical studies covered in this article may help create efficient therapeutic plans to treat neurological conditions on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other. They may also open the door to the creation of novel NPY receptor ligands as medications to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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7
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Gleixner J, Gattor AO, Humphrys LJ, Brunner T, Keller M. [ 3H]UR-JG102-A Radiolabeled Cyclic Peptide with High Affinity and Excellent Selectivity for the Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13788-13808. [PMID: 37773891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of human neuropeptide Y receptors (YRs) comprises four subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, and Y5R) that are involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. Until now, Y4R binding studies have been predominantly performed in hypotonic sodium-free buffers using 125I-labeled derivatives of the endogenous YR agonists pancreatic polypeptide or peptide YY. A few tritium-labeled Y4R ligands have been reported; however, when used in buffers containing sodium at a physiological concentration, their Y4R affinities are insufficient. Based on the cyclic hexapeptide UR-AK86C, we developed a new tritium-labeled Y4R radioligand ([3H]UR-JG102, [3H]20). In sodium-free buffer, [3H]20 exhibits a very low Y4R dissociation constant (Kd 0.012 nM). In sodium-containing buffer (137 mM Na+), the Y4R affinity is lower (Kd 0.11 nM) but still considerably higher compared to previously reported tritiated Y4R ligands. Therefore, [3H]20 represents a useful tool compound for the determination of Y4R binding affinities under physiological-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gleixner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O Gattor
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Chen WH, Shi YC, Huang QY, Chen JM, Wang ZY, Lin S, Shi QY. Potential for NPY receptor-related therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:441-451. [PMID: 37452264 PMCID: PMC10449684 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease that can cause female infertility and bring economic burden to families and to society. The clinical and/or biochemical manifestations include hyperandrogenism, persistent anovulation, and polycystic ovarian changes, often accompanied by insulin resistance and obesity. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, PCOS involves the abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the abnormal activation of GnRH neurons. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and functions as the physiological integrator of two neuroendocrine systems, one governing feeding and the other controlling reproduction. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the improvement of the reproductive and metabolic status of PCOS through the therapeutic application of NPY and its receptors. In this review, we summarize the central and peripheral regulation of NPY and its receptors in the development of PCOS and discuss the potential for NPY receptor-related therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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9
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Kumari R, Pascalau R, Wang H, Bajpayi S, Yurgel M, Quansah K, Hattar S, Tampakakis E, Kuruvilla R. Sympathetic NPY controls glucose homeostasis, cold tolerance, and cardiovascular functions in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550381. [PMID: 37546870 PMCID: PMC10402010 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is best known for its effects in the brain as an orexigenic and anxiolytic agent and in reducing energy expenditure. NPY is also co-expressed with Norepinephrine (NE) in sympathetic neurons. Although NPY is generally considered to modulate noradrenergic responses, its specific roles in autonomic physiology remain under-appreciated. Here, we show that sympathetic-derived NPY is essential for metabolic and cardiovascular regulation in mice. NPY and NE are co-expressed in 90% of prevertebral sympathetic neurons and only 43% of paravertebral neurons. NPY-expressing neurons primarily innervate blood vessels in peripheral organs. Sympathetic-specific deletion of NPY elicits pronounced metabolic and cardiovascular defects in mice, including reductions in insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, cold tolerance, pupil size, and an elevation in heart rate, while notably, however, basal blood pressure was unchanged. These findings provide new knowledge about target tissue-specific functions of NPY derived from sympathetic neurons and imply its potential involvement in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniki Kumari
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Raluca Pascalau
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Sheetal Bajpayi
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Maria Yurgel
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kwaku Quansah
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Samer Hattar
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
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10
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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11
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Yang C, Gong Z, Zhang X, Miao S, Li B, Xie W, Wang T, Han X, Wang L, Dong Z, Yu S. Neuropeptide Y in the medial habenula alleviates migraine-like behaviors through the Y1 receptor. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 37231359 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a highly disabling health burden with multiple symptoms; however, it remains undertreated because of an inadequate understanding of its neural mechanisms. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to be involved in the modulation of pain and emotion, and may play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Changes in NPY levels have been found in patients with migraine, but whether and how these changes contribute to migraine is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NPY in migraine-like phenotypes. METHODS Here, we used intraperitoneal injection of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 10 mg/kg) as a migraine mouse model, which was verified by light-aversive test, von Frey test, and elevated plus maze test. We then performed whole-brain imaging with NPY-GFP mice to explore the critical regions where NPY was changed by GTN treatment. Next, we microinjected NPY into the medial habenula (MHb), and further infused Y1 or Y2 receptor agonists into the MHb, respectively, to detect the effects of NPY in GTN-induced migraine-like behaviors. RESULTS GTN effectively triggered allodynia, photophobia, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. After that, we found a decreased level of GFP+ cells in the MHb of GTN-treated mice. Microinjection of NPY attenuated GTN-induced allodynia and anxiety without affecting photophobia. Furthermore, we found that activation of Y1-but not Y2-receptors attenuated GTN-induced allodynia and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data support that the NPY signaling in the MHb produces analgesic and anxiolytic effects through the Y1 receptor. These findings may provide new insights into novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zihua Gong
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistical Support Force (Bethune International Peace Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050082, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuai Miao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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12
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Qi Y, Lee NJ, Ip CK, Enriquez R, Tasan R, Zhang L, Herzog H. Agrp-negative arcuate NPY neurons drive feeding under positive energy balance via altering leptin responsiveness in POMC neurons. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00177-8. [PMID: 37201523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) is known as one of the most critical regulators of feeding. However, how NPY promotes feeding under obese conditions is unclear. Here, we show that positive energy balance, induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or in genetically obese leptin-receptor-deficient mice, leads to elevated Npy2r expression especially on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which also alters leptin responsiveness. Circuit mapping identified a subset of ARC agouti-related peptide (Agrp)-negative NPY neurons that control these Npy2r expressing POMC neurons. Chemogenetic activation of this newly discovered circuitry strongly drives feeding, while optogenetic inhibition reduces feeding. Consistent with that, lack of Npy2r on POMC neurons leads to reduced food intake and fat mass. This suggests that under energy surplus conditions, when ARC NPY levels generally drop, high-affinity NPY2R on POMC neurons is still able to drive food intake and enhance obesity development via NPY released predominantly from Agrp-negative NPY neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronaldo Enriquez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ramon Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Cao Y, Ge X, Zhu X, Han Y, Wang P, Akakuru OU, Wu A, Li J. Transformable Neuropeptide Prodrug with Tumor Microenvironment Responsiveness for Tumor Growth and Metastasis Inhibition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300545. [PMID: 37147783 PMCID: PMC10375191 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among all breast cancer subtypes due to lack of specific target sites and effective treatments. Herein, a transformable prodrug (DOX-P18) based on neuropeptide Y analogue with tumor microenvironment responsiveness is developed for TNBC treatment. The prodrug DOX-P18 can achieve reversible morphological transformation between monomers and nanoparticles through the manipulation of protonation degree in different environments. It can self-assemble into nanoparticles to enhance the circulation stability and drug delivery efficiency in the physiological environment while transforming from nanoparticles to monomers and being endocytosed into the breast cancer cells in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Further, the DOX-P18 can precisely be enriched in the mitochondria, and efficiently activated by matrix metalloproteinases. Then, the cytotoxic fragment (DOX-P3) can subsequently be diffused into the nucleus, generating a sustained cell toxicity effect. In the meanwhile, the hydrolysate residue P15 can assemble into nanofibers to construct nest-like barriers for the metastasis inhibition of cancer cells. After intravenous injection, the transformable prodrug DOX-P18 demonstrated superior tumor growth and metastasis suppression with much better biocompatibility and improved biodistribution compared to free DOX. As a novel tumor microenvironment-responsive transformable prodrug with diversified biological functions, DOX-P18 shows great potential in smart chemotherapeutics discovery for TBNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Ge
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zhu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Han
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Pin Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Feng S, Park S, Choi YK, Im W. CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder: Past, Current, and Future Developments and Applications. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2161-2185. [PMID: 37014931 PMCID: PMC10174225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of membranes and membrane proteins serve as computational microscopes, revealing coordinated events at the membrane interface. As G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters, and membrane-bound enzymes are important drug targets, understanding their drug binding and action mechanisms in a realistic membrane becomes critical. Advances in materials science and physical chemistry further demand an atomistic understanding of lipid domains and interactions between materials and membranes. Despite a wide range of membrane simulation studies, generating a complex membrane assembly remains challenging. Here, we review the capability of CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder in the context of emerging research demands, as well as the application examples from the CHARMM-GUI user community, including membrane biophysics, membrane protein drug-binding and dynamics, protein-lipid interactions, and nano-bio interface. We also provide our perspective on future Membrane Builder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Soohyung Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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15
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The Bidirectional Relationship of NPY and Mitochondria in Energy Balance Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020446. [PMID: 36830982 PMCID: PMC9953676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is regulated by several hormones and peptides, and neuropeptide Y is one of the most crucial in feeding and energy expenditure control. NPY is regulated by a series of peripheral nervous and humoral signals that are responsive to nutrient sensing, but its role in the energy balance is also intricately related to the energetic status, namely mitochondrial function. During fasting, mitochondrial dynamics and activity are activated in orexigenic neurons, increasing the levels of neuropeptide Y. By acting on the sympathetic nervous system, neuropeptide Y modulates thermogenesis and lipolysis, while in the peripheral sites, it triggers adipogenesis and lipogenesis instead. Moreover, both central and peripheral neuropeptide Y reduces mitochondrial activity by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation proteins and other mediators important to the uptake of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibiting lipid oxidation and energy expenditure. Dysregulation of the neuropeptide Y system, as occurs in metabolic diseases like obesity, may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and, consequently, to oxidative stress and to the white adipose tissue inflammatory environment, contributing to the development of a metabolically unhealthy profile. This review focuses on the interconnection between mitochondrial function and dynamics with central and peripheral neuropeptide Y actions and discusses possible therapeutical modulations of the neuropeptide Y system as an anti-obesity tool.
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16
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Černelič-Bizjak M, Kenig S, Petelin A, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N. Link between emotional and external eating behaviors, peripheral neuropeptide Y, and β-hydroxybutyrate in participants with obesity on 12-week ketogenic diet. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231154464. [PMID: 36734124 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the impact of stress on emotional and external eating behaviors and the psychological and the associated metabolic factors can help in designing subsequent interventions to protect health. In particular, psychological trait-like construct related to eating has been shown to be an important target for intervention. Methods and measures: This study aimed to investigate the biochemical variables associated with a decrease in emotional and external eating behaviors due to 12-week ketogenic diet (12KD) in 35 adult participants (12 males) with obesity. Results: Absolute changes in emotional and external eating were independent of changes in body mass, nutritional intake, and Δ cortisol, but were predicted with increases in serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreases in serum peripheral neuropeptide Y (pNPY) (all p's < 0.050). Decrease in pNPY was also associated with an increase in BHB but was independent of anthropometrical changes, Δ fasting glucose, and Δ insulin. Conclusion: The reductions in emotional and external eating behaviors in participants with obesity were uniquely predicted by an increase in BHB and a decrease in pNPY after 12KD. In ketosis, emotional and external eating dropped independently of body mass change. Change in pNPY predicted changes in emotional and external eating. The role of BHB in modulating eating behavior should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | | | - Nina Mohorko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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17
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DNA methylome in pancreatic cancer identified novel promoter hyper-methylation in NPY and FAIM2 genes associated with poor prognosis in Indian patient cohort. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 36329447 PMCID: PMC9635159 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide and has a poor survival, with a 5-year survival rate of only 8.5%. In this study we investigated altered DNA methylation associated with PDAC severity and prognosis. Methods Methylome data, generated using 450 K bead array, was compared between paired PDAC and normal samples in the TCGA cohort (n = 9) and our Indian cohort (n = 7). The total Indian Cohort (n = 75) was split into cohort 1 (n = 7), cohort 2 (n = 22), cohort 3 (n = 26) and cohort 4 (n = 20).Validation of differential methylation (6 selected CpG loci) and associated gene expression for differentially methylated genes (10 selected gDMs) were carried out in separate validation cohorts, using MSP, RT-PCR and IHC correlations between methylation and gene expression were observed in TCGA, GTEx cohorts and in validation cohorts. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was done to study differential prognosis, during 2–5 years of follow-up. Results We identified 156 DMPs, mapped to 91 genes (gDMs), in PDAC; 68 (43.5%) DMPs were found to be differentially methylated both in TCGA cohort and our cohort, with significant concordance at hypo- and hyper-methylated loci. Enrichments of “regulation of ion transport”, “Interferon alpha/beta signalling”, “morphogenesis and development” and “transcriptional dysregulation” pathways were observed among 91 gDMs. Hyper-methylation of NPY and FAIM2 genes with down-regulated expression in PDAC, were significantly associated with poor prognosis in the Indian patient cohort. Conclusions Ethnic variations among populations may determine the altered epigenetic landscape in the PDAC patients of the Indian cohort. Our study identified novel differentially methylated genes (mainly NPY and FAIM2) and also validated the previously identified differentially methylated CpG sites associated with PDAC cancer patient’s survival. Comparative analysis of our data with TCGA and CPTAC cohorts showed that both NPY and FAIM2 hyper-methylation and down-regulations can be novel epigenetically regulated genes in the Indian patient population, statistically significantly associated with poor survival and advanced tumour stages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02737-1.
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18
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Liu B, Chen F. Neuropeptide Y promotes hepatic apolipoprotein A1 synthesis and secretion through neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor. Peptides 2022; 154:170824. [PMID: 35660638 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a protective factor against cardiovascular disease (CVD). A recent epidemiological study found an association between neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene polymorphism and serum HDL levels. However, the direct effect of NPY on ApoA1 expression remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the NPY-mediated regulation of hepatic ApoA1. METHODS Serum ApoA1, total cholesterol, and HDL-c and hepatic ApoA1 levels were measured after intraperitoneal administration of NPY or an NPY Y5 receptor (NPY5R) agonist in vivo. HepG2 and BRL-3A hepatocytes were treated in vitro with NPY in the presence or absence of NPY receptor antagonists, agonists, or signal transduction pathway inhibitors. Subsequently, the protein and mRNA expression of cellular and secreted ApoA1 were determined. RESULTS NPY considerably upregulated hepatic ApoA1 expression and stimulated ApoA1 secretion, both in vivo and in vitro. NPY5R inhibition blocked NPY-induced upregulation of ApoA1 expression, and NPY5R activation stimulated ApoA1 expression and secretion in hepatocytes. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition almost completely blocked the upregulation of ApoA1 expression and secretion induced by NPY5R. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrated that NPY5R activation promotes hepatic ApoA1 synthesis and secretion through the ERK1/2 and PKA signal transduction pathways. Thus, NPY5R may be a potential therapeutic target for treating CVD by promoting cholesterol reverse transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Ribeiro FM, Silva MA, Lyssa V, Marques G, Lima HK, Franco OL, Petriz B. The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927170. [PMID: 35966101 PMCID: PMC9365995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This axis is characterized by multiple biological systems generating a network that allows bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and brain. This mutual communication maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and microbial systems of animals. Moreover, this axis involves inflammatory, neural, and endocrine mechanisms, contributes to obesity pathogenesis. The axis also acts in appetite and satiety control and synthesizing hormones that participate in gastrointestinal functions. Exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent commonly used to prevent and treat obesity and other chronic degenerative diseases. Besides increasing energy expenditure, exercise induces the synthesis and liberation of several muscle-derived myokines and neuroendocrine peptides such as neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin, which act directly on the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, exercise may serve as a rebalancing agent of the gut-microbiota-brain axis under the stimulus of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by obesity. So far, there is little evidence of modification of the gut-brain axis as a whole, and this narrative review aims to address the molecular pathways through which exercise may act in the context of disorders of the gut-brain axis due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maycon A. Silva
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victória Lyssa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henny K. Lima
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Sun J, Li L, Chen H, Gan L, Guo X, Sun J. Identification and Validation of an m7G-Related lncRNAs Signature for Prognostic Prediction and Immune Function Analysis in Endometrial Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081301. [PMID: 35893039 PMCID: PMC9330151 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: N7-methylguanosine is a novel kind of internal modification that is widespread in human mRNA. The relationship between m7G-related lncRNAs (MRL) and endometrial cancer remains unknown. The aim of our study is to explore a predictive prognosis MRL signature in endometrial cancer and identify the underlying biological mechanism. Methods: We obtained RNA-seq profiles, clinical data, and information on somatic mutations from the TCGA database and obtained m7G-related genes from a previous study. MRLs were identified through a co-expression network. The prognostic model was constructed based on 10 m7G-related lncRNAs. Differentially expressed genes between low- and high-risk groups were identified for further analysis, consisting of functional enrichment analysis, immune function analysis, somatic mutation analysis, and potential drugs exploration. Results: We constructed a 10-MRLs signature. According to the risk score, the signature was classified into high- and low-risk groups. The signature had a reliable capacity for predicting the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients. The findings about differentially expressed genes were also of great significance for therapeutic treatments for endometrial cancer and gave novel insights into exploring the underlying molecular mechanism. Conclusion: The prognostic model based on 10 MRLs is a reliable and promising approach for predicting clinical outcomes and suggesting therapeutic methods for endometrial cancer patients.
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PET Imaging of the Neuropeptide Y System: A Systematic Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123726. [PMID: 35744852 PMCID: PMC9227365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). Moreover, these receptors are correlated with the pathophysiology of several diseases such as feeding disorders, anxiety, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, some types of cancers and others. In order to deepen the knowledge of NPY receptors' functions and molecular mechanisms, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have been used. The development of new radiotracers for the different NPY receptors and their subsequent PET studies have led to significant insights into molecular mechanisms involving NPY receptors. This article provides a systematic review of the imaging biomarkers that have been developed as PET tracers in order to study the NPY receptor family.
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Structural basis of neuropeptide Y signaling through Y1 receptor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:853. [PMID: 35165283 PMCID: PMC8844075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is highly abundant in the brain and involved in various physiological processes related to food intake and anxiety, as well as human diseases such as obesity and cancer. However, the molecular details of the interactions between NPY and its receptors are poorly understood. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the NPY-bound neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1R) in complex with Gi1 protein. The NPY C-terminal segment forming the extended conformation binds deep into the Y1R transmembrane core, where the amidated C-terminal residue Y36 of NPY is located at the base of the ligand-binding pocket. Furthermore, the helical region and two N-terminal residues of NPY interact with Y1R extracellular loops, contributing to the high affinity of NPY for Y1R. The structural analysis of NPY-bound Y1R and mutagenesis studies provide molecular insights into the activation mechanism of Y1R upon NPY binding.
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Dobrodeeva VS, Shnayder NA, Novitsky MA, Asadullin AR, Vaiman EE, Petrova MM, Limankin OV, Neznanov NG, Garganeeva NP, Nasyrova RF. Association of a Single-Nucleotide Variant rs11100494 of the NPY5R Gene with Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020222. [PMID: 35213955 PMCID: PMC8876767 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The usage of antipsychotics (APs) is the most robust and scientifically based approach in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The efficiency of APs is based on a range of target receptors of the central nervous system (CNS): serotoninergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, histaminergic and cholinergic. Metabolic disorders are the most severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and lead to cardiovascular diseases with a high rate of mortality in patients with SSDs. Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 (NPY5R) is known in the chain of interaction to target receptors for APs, agouti-related peptide receptors and proopiomelanocortin receptors. We studied the association of the single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) rs11100494 and rs6837793 of the NPY5R gene, and rs16147, rs5573, rs5574 of the NPY gene, with metabolic disorders in Russian patients with SSDs. Methods: We examined 99 patients with SSDs (mean age—24.56 years old). The mean duration of APs monotherapy was 8 weeks. The biochemical blood test included levels of glucose, cholesterol, lipoproteins, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein and albumin. Anthropometry included weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference. We used real-time PCR to study the carriage of major and minor alleles of the SNV rs11100494 (1164C>A) of the NPY5R gene (chromosome localization—4q32.2). Group 1 comprised 25 patients with SSDs taking APs with a change in body weight of more than 6% since the start of APs therapy. Group 2 comprised 74 patients with SSDs taking APs with a change in body weight of less than 6% since the start of APs therapy. Results: We show the significance of genetic risk factors (carriage of major allele C of SNV rs11100494 of the NPY5R gene) for the development of AP-induced weight gain in Russian patients with SSDs. The allele C predisposes to AP-induced weight gain (OR = 33.48 [95% CI: 12.62; 88.82], p-value < 0.001). Additionally, the results of our study demonstrate that first-generation APs (FGAs) are more likely to cause an increase in serum transaminase levels but are less likely to increase body weight. Second-generation APs (SGAs) are more likely to cause weight gain and changes in serum glucose levels. Conclusion: Our study shows the predictive role of the allele C of SNV rs11100494 of the NPY5R gene in the development of AP-induced weight gain. However, we did not find a significant association between biochemical markers and this SNV in Russian patients with SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Dobrodeeva
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.); Tel.: +7-(812)-620-02-20-78-13 (V.S.D., N.A.S. & R.F.N.)
| | - Natalia A. Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.); Tel.: +7-(812)-620-02-20-78-13 (V.S.D., N.A.S. & R.F.N.)
| | - Maxim A. Novitsky
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Azat R. Asadullin
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena E. Vaiman
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Limankin
- P.P. Kashchenko Saint Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, Gatchinsky District, 190005 Leningrad, Russia;
- Department of Psychotherapy and Sexology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State University, 191015 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Postgraduate Institute of Medical Experts, 194044 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G. Neznanov
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, I.M. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia P. Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Polyclinic Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (A.R.A.); (E.E.V.); (N.G.N.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443099 Samara, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.); Tel.: +7-(812)-620-02-20-78-13 (V.S.D., N.A.S. & R.F.N.)
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24
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Neurobiology of food addiction. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Medeiros PJ, Pascetta SA, Kirsh SM, Al-Khazraji BK, Uniacke J. Expression of hypoxia inducible factor-dependent Neuropeptide Y Receptors Y1 and Y5 sensitizes hypoxic cells to NPY stimulation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101645. [PMID: 35093384 PMCID: PMC8861119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundant neurohormone in the central and peripheral nervous system involved in feeding behavior, energy balance, nociception, and anxiety. Several NPY receptor (NPYR) subtypes display elevated expression in many cancers including in breast tumors where it is exploited for imaging and diagnosis. Here, we address how hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, influences the expression of the NPYRs. We show that NPY1R and NPY5R mRNA abundance is induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent manner in breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. We demonstrate that HIFs bind to several genomic regions upstream of the NPY1R and NPY5R transcription start sites. In addition, the MAPK/ERK pathway is activated more rapidly upon NPY5R stimulation in hypoxic cells compared with normoxic cells. This pathway requires insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) activity in normoxia, but not in hypoxic cells, which display resistance to the radiosensitizer and IGF1R inhibitor AG1024. Furthermore, hypoxic cells proliferate and migrate more when stimulated with NPY relative to normoxic cells and exhibit a more robust response to a Y5-specific agonist. Our data suggest that hypoxia-induced NPYRs render hypoxic cells more sensitive to NPY stimulation. Considering that breast tissue receives a constant supply of NPY, hypoxic breast tumors are the perfect storm for hyperactive NPYR. This study not only highlights a new relationship between the HIFs and NPYR expression and activity but may inform the use of chemotherapeutics targeting NPYRs and hypoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Medeiros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney A Pascetta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Kirsh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James Uniacke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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26
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Chen QC, Zhang Y. The Role of NPY in the Regulation of Bone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:833485. [PMID: 35273572 PMCID: PMC8902412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.833485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are the leading causes of disability and severely compromised quality of life. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that participates in various physiological and pathological processes and exists in both the nerve system and bone tissue. In bone tissue, it actively participates in bone metabolism and disease progression through its receptors. Previous studies have focused on the opposite effects of NPY on bone formation and resorption through paracrine modes. In this review, we present a brief overview of the progress made in this research field in recent times in order to provide reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of bone physiology and pathological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
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27
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Liu HM, Ma LL, Li C, Cao B, Jiang Y, Han L, Xu R, Lin J, Zhang D. The molecular mechanism of chronic stress affecting the occurrence and development of breast cancer and potential drug therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101281. [PMID: 34875482 PMCID: PMC8652015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2020 data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the world's most newly diagnosed first-time cancer. Compared with patients with other types of cancer, those with breast cancer experience greater mental stress and more severe psychological impacts because of the life-threatening diagnosis, physical changes, treatment side effects, and family and social life dysfunctions. These usually manifest as anxiety, depression, nervousness, and insomnia, all of which elicit stress responses. Particularly under chronic stress, the continuous release of neurotransmitters from the neuroendocrine system can have a highly profound impact on the occurrence and prognosis of breast cancer. However, because of the complex mechanisms underlying chronic stress and the variability in individual tolerance, evidence of the role of chronic stress in the occurrence and evolution of breast cancer remains unclear. This article reviewed previous research on the correlation between chronic stress and the occurrence and development of breast cancer, particularly the molecular mechanism through which chronic stress promotes breast cancer via neurotransmitters secreted by the nervous system. We also review the progress in the development of potential drugs or blockers for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China; National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Road Shierqiao, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu 611137, China.
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28
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Malone IG, Hunter BK, Rossow HL, Herzog H, Zolotukhin S, Munger SD, Dotson CD. Y1 receptors modulate taste-related behavioral responsiveness in male mice to prototypical gustatory stimuli. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105056. [PMID: 34509673 PMCID: PMC8640844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian taste bud cells express receptors for numerous peptides implicated elsewhere in the body in the regulation of metabolism, nutrient assimilation, and satiety. The perturbation of several peptide signaling pathways in the gustatory periphery results in changes in behavioral and/or physiological responsiveness to subsets of taste stimuli. We previously showed that Peptide YY (PYY) - which is present in both saliva and in subsets of taste cells - can affect behavioral taste responsiveness and reduce food intake and body weight. Here, we investigated the contributions of taste bud-localized receptors for PYY and the related Neuropeptide Y (NPY) on behavioral taste responsiveness. Y1R, but not Y2R, null mice show reduced responsiveness to sweet, bitter, and salty taste stimuli in brief-access taste tests; similar results were seen when wildtype mice were exposed to Y receptor antagonists in the taste stimuli. Finally, mice in which the gene encoding the NPY propeptide was deleted also showed reduced taste responsiveness to sweet and bitter taste stimuli. Collectively, these results suggest that Y1R signaling, likely through its interactions with NPY, can modulate peripheral taste responsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Malone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brianna K Hunter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Heidi L Rossow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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29
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Sigorski D, Gulczyński J, Sejda A, Rogowski W, Iżycka-Świeszewska E. Investigation of Neural Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer in Context of Neural Density, Perineural Invasion, and Neuroendocrine Profile of Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710899. [PMID: 34277455 PMCID: PMC8281889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stroma contains the neural compartment with specific components and action. Neural microenvironment processing includes among others axonogenesis, perineural invasion (PNI), neurosignaling, and tumor cell neural/neuroendocrine differentiation. Growing data suggest that tumor-neural crosstalk plays an important function in prostate cancer (PCa) biology. However, the mechanisms involved in PNI and axonogenesis, as well as their patho-clinical correlations in this tumor are unclear. Methods The present study was carried out on FFPE samples of 73 PCa and 15 benign prostate (BP) cases. Immunohistochemistry with neural markers PGP9.5, TH, and NFP was performed on constructed TMAs and selected tissue sections. The analyzed parameters of tumor innervation included small nerve density (ND) measured on pan-neural marker (PGP9.5) and TH s4tained slides, as well assessment of PNI presence and morphology. The qualitative and topographic aspects were studied. In addition, the expression of neuroendocrine marker chromogranin and NPY was assessed with dedicated indexes. The correlations of the above parameters with basic patho-clinical data such as patients’ age, tumor stage, grade, angioinvasion, and ERG status were examined. Results The study showed that innervation parameters differed between cancer and BP. The neural network in PCa revealed heterogeneity, and ND PGP9.5 in tumor was significantly lower than in its periphery. The density of sympathetic TH-positive fibers and its proportion to all fibers was lower in cancer than in the periphery and BP samples. Perineural invasion was confirmed in 76% of cases, usually multifocally, occurring more commonly in tumors with a higher grade. NPY expression in PCa cells was common with its intensity often rising towards PNI. ERG+ tumors showed higher ND, more frequent PNI, and a higher stage. Moreover, chromogranin-positive cells were more pronounced in PCa with higher NPY expression. Conclusions The analysis showed an irregular axonal network in prostate cancer with higher neural density (panneural and adrenergic) in the surroundings and the invasive front. ND and PNI interrelated with NPY expression, neuroendocrine differentiation, and ERG status. The above findings support new evidence for the presence of autocrine and paracrine interactions in prostate cancer neural microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rogowski
- Department of Health, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Chemotherapy, Clinical trials, Regional Hospital, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
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30
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Zhang L, Clark T, Gopalasingam G, Neely GG, Herzog H. Ninjin'yoeito modulates feeding and activity under negative energy balance conditions via the NPY system. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102149. [PMID: 33882337 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central and peripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is critically involved in feeding and energy homeostasis control. Disease conditions as well as aging can lead to reduced functionality of the NPY system and boosting it represents a promising option to improve health outcomes in these situations. Here we show that Ninjin-yoeito (NYT), a Japanese kampo medicine comprising twelve herbs, and known to be effective to treat anorexia and frailty, mediates part of its action via NPY/peptide YY (PYY) related pathways. Especially under negative energy homeostasis conditions NYT is able to promote feeding and reduces activity to conserve energy. These effects are in part mediated via signalling through the NPY system since lack of Y4 receptors or PYY leading to modification in these responses highlighting the possibility for combination treatment to improve aging related conditions on energy homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tereli Clark
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gopana Gopalasingam
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Oncogenesis, Microenvironment Modulation and Clinical Potentiality of FAP in Glioblastoma: Lessons Learned from Other Solid Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051142. [PMID: 34068501 PMCID: PMC8151573 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase family, which has catalytic activity and is engaged in protein recruitment and scaffolds. Recent studies have found that FAP expression in different types of cells within the GBM microenvironment is typically upregulated compared with that in lower grade glioma and is most pronounced in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM. As a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with tumorigenic activity, FAP has been proven to promote tumor growth and invasion via hydrolysis of molecules such as brevican in the extracellular matrix and targeting of downstream pathways and substrates, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). In addition, based on its ability to suppress antitumor immunity in GBM and induce temozolomide resistance, FAP may be a potential target for immunotherapy and reversing temozolomide resistance; however, current studies on therapies targeting FAP are still limited. In this review, we summarized recent progress in FAP expression profiling and the understanding of the biological function of FAP in GBM and raised the possibility of FAP as an imaging biomarker and therapeutic target.
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32
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Schüß C, Vu O, Schubert M, Du Y, Mishra NM, Tough IR, Stichel J, Weaver CD, Emmitte KA, Cox HM, Meiler J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Highly Selective Y 4 Receptor Antagonist Binds in an Allosteric Binding Pocket. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2801-2814. [PMID: 33595306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human neuropeptide Y receptors (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R, and Y5R) belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and play an important role in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. We identified and characterized the first selective Y4R allosteric antagonist (S)-VU0637120, an important step toward validating Y receptors as therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases. To obtain insight into the antagonistic mechanism of (S)-VU0637120, we conducted a variety of in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico studies. These studies revealed that (S)-VU0637120 selectively inhibits native Y4R function and binds in an allosteric site located below the binding pocket of the endogenous ligand pancreatic polypeptide in the core of the Y4R transmembrane domains. Taken together, our studies provide a first-of-its-kind tool for probing Y4R function and improve the general understanding of allosteric modulation, ultimately contributing to the rational development of allosteric modulators for peptide-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schüß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Oanh Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nigam M Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Iain R Tough
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Jan Stichel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - C David Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Helen M Cox
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Single nucleotide polymorphism in CD36: Correlation to peptide YY levels in obese and non-obese adults. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2707-2715. [PMID: 33933736 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human beings are often driven to exhibit dietary preference according to their hedonic characteristics. Though previous studies proposed that the fat taste preference of an obese individual was associated with BMI, the perception of fat taste differs for every individual. The genetic variation among populations in taste receptor genes such as CD36 may be a contributing factor for this difference. Satiety peptides can also play a role in the regulation of fat taste perception. Generally, this hormone helps us to feel the sense of satiety. METHODS We have analysed the relationship among oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids, salivary peptide-YY and genetic polymorphism in CD36. Oral fatty acid sensitivity analysis was performed by alternative forced choice method. Salivary peptide-YY concentration was analysed by ELISA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CD36 gene was determined by Real-Time PCR experiments. RESULTS We observed that the SNP at rs1761667 of CD36 and oral detection threshold for linoleic acid (LA) are associated with choice of food, lipid profiles, peptide-YY as well as adiposity parameters in obese population. Obese peoples had significantly low levels of peptide YY than people with BMI less than 25. These factors possibly play a role in preference for energy rich diets, development of obesity and associated complications. CONCLUSION This study provides a solid foundation for understanding the alterations in the dietary fat intake and levels of peptide-YY, which are associated with polymorphism in fat taste receptor. This is the first report that shows a significant relationship between the satiety hormone level, SNP in CD36 gene and oral fat detection threshold in human subjects.
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Lee MJ, Lee WT, Jeon CJ. Organization of Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Cells in the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus) Visual Cortex. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020311. [PMID: 33546356 PMCID: PMC7913502 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found throughout the central nervous system where it appears to be involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological effects. The Mongolian gerbil, a member of the rodent family Muridae, is a diurnal animal and has been widely used in various aspects of biomedical research. This study was conducted to investigate the organization of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the gerbil visual cortex using NPY immunocytochemistry. The highest density of NPY-IR neurons was located in layer V (50.58%). The major type of NPY-IR neuron was a multipolar round/oval cell type (44.57%). Double-color immunofluorescence revealed that 89.55% and 89.95% of NPY-IR neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or somatostatin, respectively. Several processes of the NPY-IR neurons surrounded GABAergic interneurons. Although 30.81% of the NPY-IR neurons contained calretinin, NPY and calbindin-D28K-IR neurons were co-expressed rarely (3.75%) and NPY did not co-express parvalbumin. Triple-color immunofluorescence with anti-GluR2 or CaMKII antibodies suggested that some non-GABAergic NPY-IR neurons may make excitatory synaptic contacts. This study indicates that NPY-IR neurons have a notable architecture and are unique subpopulations of the interneurons of the gerbil visual cortex, which could provide additional valuable data for elucidating the role of NPY in the visual process in diurnal animals.
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Quadruple Bond Forming Multicomponent Approach to 5-(3-chromenyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines and Its Interaction with the Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang J, Hao D, Zeng L, Zhang Q, Huang W. Neuropeptide Y mediates cardiac hypertrophy through microRNA-216b/FoxO4 signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:18-28. [PMID: 33390770 PMCID: PMC7738963 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a major risk factor for heart failure accompanied by maladaptive cardiac remodeling. The role and potential mechanism of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in CH are still unclear. We will explore the role and the mechanism of NPY inactivation (NPY-I) in CH caused by pressure overload. Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) was used to induce CH model in rats. NPY or angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to trigger CH model in vitro in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). We found that NPY was increased in the heart and plasma of hypertrophic rats. However, Ang II did not increase NPY expression in cardiomyocytes. NPY-I attenuated CH as decreasing CH-related markers (ANP, BNP and β-MHC mRNA) level, reducing cell surface area, and restoring cardiac function. NPY inactivation increased miR-216b and decreased FoxO4 expression in CH heart. Moreover, NPY decreased miR-216b and increased FoxO4 expression in NRVMs which were reversed by NPY type 1 receptor (NPY1R) antagonist BIBO3304. MiR-216b mimic and FoxO4 siRNA (small interfering RNA) inhibited NPY/Ang II-induced myocardial hypertrophy in vitro. Meanwhile, BIBO3304 reversed the pro-hypertrophy effect of NPY in vitro. Collectively, NPY deficiency attenuated CH by NPY1R-miR-216b-FoxO4 axis. These findings suggested that NPY would be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
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Alviña K, Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Mondal AK. Long term effects of stress on hippocampal function: Emphasis on early life stress paradigms and potential involvement of neuropeptide Y. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:57-66. [PMID: 32162350 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain is both central in orchestrating the response to stress, and, a very sensitive target when such response is not controlled. In fact, stress has long been associated with the onset and/or exacerbation of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in the response to stress, not only due to its anatomical connections with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis but also as a major target of stress mediators. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)-CA3 circuit, composed of DG granule cells axons (mossy fibers) synapsing onto CA3 pyramidal cells, plays an essential role in memory encoding and retrieval, functions that are vulnerable to stress. Although naturally excitatory, this circuit is under the inhibitory control of GABAergic interneurons that maintain the excitation/inhibition balance. One subgroup of such interneurons produces neuropeptide Y (NPY), which has emerged as a promising endogenous stress "resilience molecule" due to its anxiolytic and anti-epileptic properties. Here we examine existing evidence that reveals a potential role for hilar NPY+ interneurons in mediating stress-induced changes in hippocampal function. We will focus specifically on rodent models of early life stress (ELS), defined as adverse conditions during the early postnatal period that can have profound consequences for neurodevelopment. Collectively, these findings suggest that the long-lasting effects of ELS might stem from the loss of GABAergic NPY+ cells, which then can lead to reduced inhibition in the DG-CA3 pathway. Such change might then lead to hyperexcitability and concomitant hippocampal-dependent behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Korf HW, Møller M. Arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and hypophysial pars tuberalis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:227-251. [PMID: 34225932 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) is located in the mediobasal hypothalamus and forms a morphological and functional entity with the median eminence (ME), the ARC-ME. The ARC comprises several distinct types of neurons controlling prolactin release, food intake, and metabolism as well as reproduction and onset of puberty. The ME lacks a blood-brain barrier and provides an entry for peripheral signals (nutrients, leptin, ghrelin). ARC neurons are adjacent to the wall of the third ventricle. This facilitates the exchange of signals from and to the cerebrospinal fluid. The ventricular wall is composed of tanycytes that serve different functions. Axons of ARC neurons contribute to the tuberoinfundibular tract terminating in the ME on the hypophysial portal vessels (HPV) and establish one of the neurohumoral links between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. ARC neurons are reciprocally connected with several other hypothalamic nuclei, the brainstem, and reward pathways. The hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT) is attached to the ME and the HPV. The PT, an important interface of the neuroendocrine system, is mandatory for the control of seasonal functions. This contribution provides an update of our knowledge about the ARC-ME complex and the PT which, inter alia, is needed to understand the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst-Werner Korf
- Center for Anatomy and Brain Research, Institute for Anatomy, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Morten Møller
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Neuropeptide Y plasma levels and suicidal behavior in combat veterans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 40:31-37. [PMID: 32593562 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
War veterans are at increased risk of suicide that may be related to deployment and/or post-deployment stressors and to adjustment-related factors. The aim of this study was to examine whether levels of plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) might distinguish combat veterans who have made a post-deployment suicide attempt from those who have never made a suicide attempt. We focused on NPY because of prior findings linking NPY with the neurobiology of resilience, stress-related and other disorders, and suicidal behavior. Demographic and clinical parameters of suicide attempters and non-attempters were assessed and plasma NPY was determined by radioimmunoassay. NPY levels were higher among attempters in comparison to non-attempters, controlling for sex and body-mass index. Suicide attempters had higher Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) scores than non-attempters. There was a positive correlation between NPY levels and SSI scores among non-attempters but not among attempters. Likewise, NPY levels positively correlated with Brown-Goodwin Aggression Scale scores among suicide attempters but not among non-attempters. This is the first demonstration of altered plasma NPY levels in association with suicide attempt history and suicidal ideation in veterans. Our findings suggest that clinical differences between combat veterans with or without a history of suicide attempt may have a neurobiological origin.
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Chen F, Zhou Y, Yang K, Shen M, Wang Y. NPY stimulates cholesterol synthesis acutely by activating the SREBP2-HMGCR pathway through the Y1 and Y5 receptors in murine hepatocytes. Life Sci 2020; 262:118478. [PMID: 32976883 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is partially attributed to disturbance in cholesterol metabolism and sympathetic overactivity. Excessive levels of the sympathetic neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) positively correlated with both NAFLD and cholesterol accumulation. We wanted to determine, for the first time, whether NPY promotes cholesterol accumulation directly in hepatocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS In vivo, NPY was injected through the hepatic portal vein into SD rats. One hour later, serum and liver tissues were collected. In vitro, BRL-3A hepatocytes were treated with NPY, and with Y1, Y2, Y5, receptor antagonists as well as with extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) antagonist, respectively. Cholesterol content was measured by coupled enzyme method. Precursor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (pSREBP2), mature SREBP2 (mSREBP2), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ERK1/2, pERK1/2, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and pPKA protein expression levels were examined by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS In rats, intraportal vein injection of NPY activates pSREBP2, mSREBP2, and HMGCR protein expression, and induces hepatic cholesterol accumulation. In BRL-3A cells, we observed that NPY increases cholesterogenic protein expression and cholesterol synthesis through Y1 and Y5 receptors. This effect is mediated by the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated, for the first time, that NPY can activate the cholesterogenic pathway and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Thus, NPY and NPY receptors might be new targets for the treatment of NAFLD and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110032, China.
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Carapeto PV, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Effects of Y1 receptor agonist on the pancreatic islet of diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107669. [PMID: 32646628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Agonists of the NPY receptor might be potential in protecting pancreatic islets from injury. We aimed to characterize the role of [Leu31, Pro34]-PYY, an NPYR1 agonist, in pancreatic islets of a diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance model. METHODS We studied long-term high-fat diet intake as a model and selective agonist of the Y1 receptor to explore the pancreatic islet architecture and stereology, and insulin secretion in isolated islets and a whole animal model. Gene and protein expressions were assessed in isolated islets investigating the signaling cascades involved in inflammation, insulin signaling, and secretion. Also, the insulin release potential was studied in vitro. RESULTS Our data reveal that an infusion of NPYR1 for 14 days did not change the body mass of mice and eating behavior. NPYR1 did not modify the islet and beta-cell mass but positively impacted the inflammatory process by lowering the expressions of Tnf alpha and If gamma. Besides, NPYR1 restored the insulin signaling and the exocytose pattern by activating the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and improving the leptin signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS The findings are compellingly indicating the potential effect of the NPYR1 as a target for improving the insulin resistance condition. As such, the infusion of the NPYR1 agonist would help to enhance insulin secretion by the beta-cell from the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and the improvement of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Viana Carapeto
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang L, Reed F, Herzog H. Leptin signalling on arcuate NPY neurones controls adiposity independent of energy balance or diet composition. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12898. [PMID: 32885528 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Central action of the adipocyte hormone leptin via the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is considered critical for energy homeostatic control. However, the precise mechanisms for this control are still not clear. To specifically investigate how leptin signalling on the NPY neurone contributes to the control of energy homeostasis, we generated an inducible adult-onset NPY neurone-specific leptin receptor (Lepr) knockout model and performed a comprehensive metabolic phenotyping study. Here, we show that the NPY neurone subpopulation that is directly responsive to leptin is not required for the inhibition of fasting-induced hyperphagia by leptin, although it is essential for the regulation of adiposity independent of changes in energy balance or diet composition. Furthermore, under obesogenic conditions such as a high-fat diet, a lack of Lepr signalling on NPY neurones results in significant increases in food intake and concomitant reductions in energy expenditure, leading to accelerated accumulation of fat mass. Collectively, these findings support the notion that Lepr-expressing NPY neurones act as the key relay point where peripheral adipose storage information is sensed, and corresponding responses are initiated to protect adipose reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felicia Reed
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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A multi-staged neuropeptide response to traumatic brain injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 48:507-517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Goswami C, Dezaki K, Wang L, Inui A, Seino Y, Yada T. Ninjin'yoeito Targets Distinct Ca 2+ Channels to Activate Ghrelin-Responsive vs. Unresponsive NPY Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus. Front Nutr 2020; 7:104. [PMID: 32766273 PMCID: PMC7379896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Appetite loss or anorexia substantially deteriorates quality of life in various diseases, and stand upstream of frailty. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ghrelin released from stomach are potent inducers of appetite. We previously reported that Ninjin'yoeito, a Japanese kampo medicine comprising twelve herbs, restores food intake, and body weight in cisplatin-treated anorectic mice. Furthermore, Ninjin'yoeito increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in not only ghrelin-responsive but ghrelin-unresponsive NPY neurons in ARC. The cellular lineage/differentiation of ghrelin-unresponsive neuron is less defined but might alter along with aging and diet. This study examined the occupancy of ghrelin-unresponsive neurons among ARC NPY neurons in adult mice fed normal chow, and explored the mechanisms underlying Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases in ghrelin-unresponsive vs. ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons. Single ARC neurons were subjected to [Ca2+]i measurement and subsequent immunostaining for NPY. Ghrelin failed to increase [Ca2+]i in 42% of ARC NPY neurons. Ninjin'yoeito (10 μg/ml)-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were abolished in Ca2+ free condition in ghrelin-responsive and ghrelin-unresponsive ARC NPY neurons. Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by N-type Ca2+ channel blocker ω-conotoxin in the majority (17 of 20), while by L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nitrendipine in the minority (2 of 23), of ghrelin-responsive neurons. In contrast, Ninjin'yoeito-induced [Ca2+]i increases were inhibited by nitrendipine in the majority (14 of 17), while by ω-conotoxin in the minority (8 of 24), of ghrelin-unresponsive neurons. These results indicate that ghrelin-unresponsive neurons occur substantially among NPY neurons of ARC in adult mice fed normal chow. Ninjin'yoeito preferentially target N-type and L-type Ca2+ channels in the majority of ghrelin-responsive and ghrelin-unresponsive neurons, respectively, to increase [Ca2+]i. We suggest ARC N- and L-type Ca2+ channels as potential targets for activating, respectively, ghrelin-responsive, and unresponsive NPY neurons to treat anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayon Goswami
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Drug Conjugates and Their Targets in Advanced Cancer Therapies. Front Chem 2020; 8:571. [PMID: 32733853 PMCID: PMC7359416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer became recently the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Even though standard treatments achieve significant effects in growth inhibition and tumor elimination, they cause severe side effects as most of the applied drugs exhibit only minor selectivity for the malignant tissue. Hence, specific addressing of tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue is currently a major desire in cancer therapy. Cell surface receptors, which bind peptides are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and can therefore be considered as promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, the benefits of peptides as tumor homing agents are presented and an overview of the most commonly addressed peptide receptors is given. A special focus was set on the bombesin receptor family and the neuropeptide Y receptor family. In the second part, the specific requirements of peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) and intelligent linker structures as an essential component of PDC are outlined. Furthermore, different drug cargos are presented including classical and recent toxic agents as well as radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last part, boron neutron capture therapy as advanced targeted cancer therapy is introduced and past and recent developments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Konieczny A, Braun D, Wifling D, Bernhardt G, Keller M. Oligopeptides as Neuropeptide Y Y4 Receptor Ligands: Identification of a High-Affinity Tetrapeptide Agonist and a Hexapeptide Antagonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8198-8215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Konieczny
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diana Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Yañez-Guerra LA, Zhong X, Moghul I, Butts T, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Mirabeau O, Elphick MR. Echinoderms provide missing link in the evolution of PrRP/sNPF-type neuropeptide signalling. eLife 2020; 9:57640. [PMID: 32579512 PMCID: PMC7314547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide signalling systems comprising peptide ligands and cognate receptors are evolutionarily ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour. However, there are challenges associated with determination of orthology between neuropeptides in different taxa. Orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptide-Y (NPY) known as neuropeptide-F (NPF) have been identified in protostome invertebrates, whilst prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and short neuropeptide-F (sNPF) have been identified as paralogs of NPY/NPF in vertebrates and protostomes, respectively. Here we investigated the occurrence of NPY/NPF/PrRP/sNPF-related signalling systems in a deuterostome invertebrate phylum - the Echinodermata. Analysis of transcriptome/genome sequence data revealed loss of NPY/NPF-type signalling, but orthologs of PrRP-type neuropeptides and sNPF/PrRP-type receptors were identified in echinoderms. Furthermore, experimental studies revealed that the PrRP-type neuropeptide pQDRSKAMQAERTGQLRRLNPRF-NH2 is a potent ligand for a sNPF/PrRP-type receptor in the starfish Asterias rubens. Our findings indicate that PrRP-type and sNPF-type signalling systems are orthologous and originated as a paralog of NPY/NPF-type signalling in Urbilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingxing Zhong
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismail Moghul
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Butts
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is implicated in many pathological conditions including obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. However, a pathogenic role of NPY in kidney disease has not been described. We found that NPY is produced by the podocyte in the glomerulus, and this production decreases in renal disease, in contrast to an increase in circulating NPY levels. In the glomerulus, NPY signals via the NPY receptor 2 (NPY2R) and modulates PI3K, MAPK, and NFAT signaling, along with RNA processing and cell migration and, if prolonged, predicted nephrotoxicity. The pharmacological inhibition of NPY-NPY2R signaling also protected against albuminuria and kidney disease in a mouse model of glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that inhibiting this pathway may be therapeutically beneficial in the prevention of kidney disease. Albuminuria is an independent risk factor for the progression to end-stage kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity, and premature death. As such, discovering signaling pathways that modulate albuminuria is desirable. Here, we studied the transcriptomes of podocytes, key cells in the prevention of albuminuria, under diabetic conditions. We found that Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly down-regulated in insulin-resistant vs. insulin-sensitive mouse podocytes and in human glomeruli of patients with early and late-stage diabetic nephropathy, as well as other nondiabetic glomerular diseases. This contrasts with the increased plasma and urinary levels of NPY that are observed in such conditions. Studying NPY-knockout mice, we found that NPY deficiency in vivo surprisingly reduced the level of albuminuria and podocyte injury in models of both diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease. In vitro, podocyte NPY signaling occurred via the NPY2 receptor (NPY2R), stimulating PI3K, MAPK, and NFAT activation. Additional unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that glomerular NPY-NPY2R signaling predicted nephrotoxicity, modulated RNA processing, and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, pharmacologically inhibiting the NPY2R in vivo significantly reduced albuminuria in adriamycin-treated glomerulosclerotic mice. Our findings suggest a pathogenic role of excessive NPY-NPY2R signaling in the glomerulus and that inhibiting NPY-NPY2R signaling in albuminuric kidney disease has therapeutic potential.
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Vasquez JH, Borniger JC. Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Consequences of Hyperglycemia in Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5810322. [PMID: 32193527 PMCID: PMC7174055 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the disruption of cellular metabolism during the course of malignant growth. Major focus is now on how these cell-autonomous processes propagate to the tumor microenvironment and, more generally, to the entire host system. This chain of events can have major consequences for a patient's health and wellbeing. For example, metabolic "waste" produced by cancer cells activates systemic inflammatory responses, which can interfere with hepatic insulin receptor signaling and glucose homeostasis. Research is just now beginning to understand how these processes occur, and how they contribute to systemic symptoms prevalent across cancers, including hyperglycemia, fatigue, pain, and sleep disruption. Indeed, it is only recently that we have begun to appreciate that the brain does not play a passive role in responding to cancer-induced changes in physiology. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of how oncogene-directed metabolic reprogramming disrupts host metabolism, with a specific emphasis on cancer-induced hyperglycemia. We further discuss how the brain senses circulating glucose concentrations and how this process goes awry as a response to distant neoplastic growth. Finally, as glucose-sensing neurons control diverse aspects of physiology and behavior, we link cancer-induced changes in energy balance to neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences for the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan H Vasquez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Correspondence: Jeremy C. Borniger, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. E-mail:
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50
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Nwokafor C, Serova LI, Nahvi RJ, McCloskey J, Sabban EL. Activation of NPY receptor subtype 1 by [D-His 26]NPY is sufficient to prevent development of anxiety and depressive like effects in the single prolonged stress rodent model of PTSD. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102001. [PMID: 31916978 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system plays an important role in mediating resilience to the harmful effect of stress in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It can mediate its effects via several G-protein coupled receptors: Y1R, Y2R, Y4R and Y5R. To investigate the role of individual NPY receptors in the resilience effects of NPY to traumatic stress, intranasal infusion of either Y1R agonists [D-His26]NPY, [Leu31Pro34]NPY, Y2R agonist NPY (3-36) or NPY were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats immediately following the last stressor of the single prolonged stress (SPS) protocol, a widely used PTSD animal model. After 7 or 14 days, effects of the treatments were measured on the elevated plus maze (EPM) for anxiety, in forced swim test (FST) for development of depressive-like or re-experiencing behavior, in social interaction (SI) test for impaired social behavior, and acoustic startle response (ASR) for hyperarousal. [D-His26]NPY, but not [Leu31Pro34]NPY nor NPY (3-36) Y2R, was effective in preventing the SPS-elicited development of anxiety. Y1R, but not Y2R agonists prevented development of depressive- feature on FST, with [D-His26]NPY superior to NPY. The results demonstrate that [D-His26]NPY was sufficient to prevent development of anxiety, social impairment and depressive symptoms, and has promise as an early intervention therapy following traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiso Nwokafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Roxanna J Nahvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jaclyn McCloskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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