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Fatehi Hassanabad A, Zarzycki AN, Patel VB, Fedak PWM. Current concepts in the epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 73:107673. [PMID: 38996851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant driver of congestive heart failure, a syndrome that continues to affect a growing patient population globally. Cardiac fibrosis results from a constellation of complex processes at the transcription, receptor, and signaling axes levels. Various mediators and signaling cascades, such as the transformation growth factor-beta pathway, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac tissue fibrosis. Our understanding of these markers and pathways has improved in recent years as more advanced technologies and assays have been developed, allowing for better delineation of the crosstalk between specific factors. There is mounting evidence suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of key pro- and antifibrotic pathways can accentuate or blunt the rate and extent of fibrosis at the tissue level. Exosomes, micro-RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs all belong to factors that can impact the epigenetic signature in cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest literature about exosomes, their contents, and cardiac fibrosis. In doing so, we highlight the specific transcriptional factors with pro- or antifibrotic properties. We also assimilate the data supporting these mediators' potential utility as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we offer insight into where further work can be done to fill existing gaps to translate preclinical findings better and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna N Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Somanader DVN, Zhao P, Widdop RE, Samuel CS. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in fibrosis progression and its therapeutic targeting by relaxin. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116130. [PMID: 38490518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organ scarring, referred to as fibrosis, results from a failed wound-healing response to chronic tissue injury and is characterised by the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Once established, fibrosis is recognised as a hallmark of stiffened and dysfunctional tissues, hence, various fibrosis-related diseases collectively contribute to high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Despite this, these diseases are ineffectively treated by currently-available medications. The pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, has emerged as the master regulator of fibrosis progression, owing to its ability to promote various factors and processes that facilitate rapid ECM synthesis and deposition, whilst negating ECM degradation. TGF-β1 signal transduction is tightly controlled by canonical (Smad-dependent) and non-canonical (MAP kinase- and Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent) intracellular protein activity, whereas its pro-fibrotic actions can also be facilitated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review outlines the pathological sequence of events and contributing roles of TGF-β1 in the progression of fibrosis, and how the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to tissue repair in acute disease settings, but to fibrosis and related tissue dysfunction in synergy with TGF-β1 in chronic diseases. It also outlines the anti-fibrotic and related signal transduction mechanisms of the hormone, relaxin, that are mediated via its negative modulation of TGF-β1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but through the promotion of Wnt/β-catenin activity in acute disease settings. Collectively, this highlights that the crosstalk between TGF-β1 signal transduction and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade may provide a therapeutic target that can be exploited to broadly treat and reverse established fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidree V N Somanader
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology Program, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Ye H, Wang K, Ma J, Cui S, Guo J, Yang K, Lyu L. SALVIANOLIC ACID A ATTENUATES ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED CARDIAC FIBROSIS THROUGH REGULATING THE TXNIP SIGNALING PATHWAY. Shock 2024; 61:748-757. [PMID: 38662612 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive collagen accumulation in heart tissues, poses a significant clinical challenge in various heart diseases and complications. Although salvianolic acid A (Sal A) from Danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza ) has shown promise in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis, its effects on cardiac fibrosis remain unexplored. Our study investigated the efficacy of Sal A in reducing cardiac fibrosis and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. We observed that Sal A demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects against Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, showing a dose-dependent reduction in fibrosis in mice and suppression of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and fibrotic protein expression in vitro . RNA sequencing revealed that Sal A counteracted Ang II-induced upregulation of Txnip, and subsequent experiments indicated that it acts through the inflammasome and ROS pathways. These findings establish the antifibrotic effects of Sal A, notably attenuated by Txnip overexpression, and highlight its significant role in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. This underscores the importance of further research on Sal A and similar compounds, especially regarding their effects on inflammation and oxidative stress, which are key factors in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang G, Han X, Xu T, Liu M, Chen G, Xie L, Xu H, Hua Y, Pang M, Hu C, Wu Y, Liu B, Zhou Y. Buyang Huanwu Decoction suppresses cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in mice after myocardial infarction through inhibition of the TLR4 signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117388. [PMID: 37949329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE It has been reported that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis participate in the development of heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI). Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments exhibit therapeutic efficacy in MI. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has cardioprotective properties. However, whether BYHWD regulates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in HF after MI, and the underlying mechanisms, are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of BYHWD on cardiac inflammation and fibrosis after MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS An MI model was constructed through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in mice. The cardioprotective effects of BYHWD were determined by echocardiography, Masson trichrome staining, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The effects of BYHWD on inflammation and fibrosis, and on the TLR4 signalling pathway, were explored through immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in vivo. Next, the effects of BYHWD on primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) inflammation and collagen synthesis, and on the TLR4 signalling pathway, were detected using WB, immunofluorescence (IF) and qRT-PCR in vitro. In addition, the suppression and overexpression of TLR4 in CFs were further explored. RESULTS BYHWD dose-dependently reduced cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. The expression levels of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as critical proteins in the TLR4 signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome, were suppressed by BYHWD in the in vivo experiment. BYHWD inhibited CFs inflammation and collagen synthesis, as well as critical proteins in the TLR4 signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome, in the in vitro experiment. TLR4 suppression mitigated these inhibitory effects of BYHWD while overexpression of TLR4 markedly reversed these inhibitory effects of BYHWD. CONCLUSION BYHWD exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in mice after MI, and suppresses CFs inflammation and collagen synthesis through suppression of the TLR4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lingpeng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of geratology, Affliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523058, China
| | - Yue Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changlei Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Liang X, Qin Y, Wu D, Wang Q, Wu H. Pyroptosis: a double-edged sword in lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38225586 PMCID: PMC10790448 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an active cell death process mediated by gasdermin family proteins including Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin B (GSDMB), Gasdermin C (GSDMC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Gasdermin E (GSDME, DFNA5), and DFNB59. Emerging evidences have shown that pyroptosis contributes to many pulmonary diseases, especially lung cancer, and pneumonia. The exact roles of pyroptosis and gasdermin family proteins are tremendously intricate. Besides, there are evidences that pyroptosis contributes to these respiratory diseases. However, it often plays a dual role in these diseases which is a cause for concern and makes it difficult for clinical translation. This review will focus on the multifaceted roles of pyroptosis in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Ya Qin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China.
| | - Hongshuai Wu
- Wuxi Key Laboratory of Biomaterials for Clinical Application, Department of Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, 163# Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, P. R. China.
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Singh S, Sharma S, Sharma H. Potential Impact of Bioactive Compounds as NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: An Update. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1719-1746. [PMID: 38173061 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010276859231125165251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The inflammasome NLRP3 comprises a caspase recruitment domain, a pyrin domain containing receptor 3, an apoptosis-linked protein like a speck containing a procaspase-1, and an attached nucleotide domain leucine abundant repeat. There are a wide variety of stimuli that can activate the inflammasome NLRP3. When activated, the protein NLRP3 appoints the adapter protein ASC. Adapter ASC protein then recruits the procaspase-1 protein, which causes the procaspase- 1 protein to be cleaved and activated, which induces cytokines. At the same time, abnormal activation of inflammasome NLRP3 is associated with many diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, a significant amount of effort has been put into comprehending the mechanisms behind its activation and looking for their specific inhibitors. In this review, we primarily focused on phytochemicals that inhibit the inflammasome NLRP3, as well as discuss the defects caused by NLRP3 signaling. We conducted an in-depth research review by searching for relevant articles in the Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. By gathering information on phytochemical inhibitors that block NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complicated balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as a key role was revealed in NLRP3-driven clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Shiwangi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
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Wei J, Leng L, Sui Y, Song S, Owusu FB, Li X, Cao Y, Li P, Wang H, Li R, Yang W, Gao X, Wang Q. Phenolic acids from Prunella vulgaris alleviate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction partially by suppressing NLRP3 activation. Phytother Res 2024; 38:384-399. [PMID: 37992723 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. Prunella vulgaris (Xia-Ku-Cao in Chinese) is used in traditional Chinese medicine practice for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action on cardiac remodeling following MI remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of P. vulgaris on MI rat models. MI rats were treated with aqueous extract of P. vulgaris or phenolic acids from P. vulgaris, including caffeic acid, ursolic acid or rosmarinic acid, 1 day after surgery and continued for the following 28 days. Then the cardioprotective effect, such as cardiac function, inflammatory status, and fibrosis areas were evaluated. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and ELISA were used to explore the underlying mechanism. In addition, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis was used to identify the chemicals from P. vulgaris. THP-1NLRP3-GFP cells were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of P. vulgaris and phenolic acids on the expression and activity of NLRP3. We found that P. vulgaris significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size. Meanwhile, P. vulgaris protected cardiomyocyte against apoptosis, evidenced by increasing the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 in the heart and decreasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum. Results from RNA-seq revealed that the therapeutic effect of P. vulgaris might relate to NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. Results from real-time PCR and western blotting confirmed that P. vulgaris suppressed NLRP3 expression in MI heart. We also found that P. vulgaris suppressed NLRP3 expression and the secretion of HMGB1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in THP-1NLRP3-GFP cells. Further studies indicated that the active components of P. vulgaris were three phenolic acids, those were caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. These phenolic acids inhibited LPS-induced NLRP3 expression and activity in THP-1 cells, and improved cardiac function, suppressed inflammatory aggregation and fibrosis in MI rat models. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that P. vulgaris and phenolic acids from P. vulgaris, including caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid, could improve cardiac function and protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia injury during MI. The mechanism was partially related to inhibiting NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunchan Sui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaofei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Felix Boahen Owusu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peijie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab of Pharmacological Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Endocrinology Department, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Jiang F, Jiang Q, Hou L, Zhao J, Zhu Z, Jia Q, Xue W, Wang H, Wang Y, Tian L. Inhibition of macrophage pyroptosis ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115693. [PMID: 37976936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage pyroptosis has recently been involved in some inflammatory and fibrosis diseases, however, the role of macrophage pyroptosis in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of macrophage pyroptosis in silicosis in vivo and in vitro. A mouse model of silicosis was established and mice were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure of silica. The results revealed that the expression of GSDMD and other pyroptosis-related indicators was up-regulated obviously at 14 days after silica exposure, indicating that silica induced pyroptosis in vivo. In vitro, human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were used to detect the relationship between macrophage pyroptosis and lung fibroblasts. It showed that silica increased the levels of GSDMD and other pyroptosis-related indicators remarkably in macrophages and the supernatant of macrophage stimulated by silica could promote the upregulation of fibrosis markers in fibroblasts. However, GSDMD knockdown suppressed silica-induced macrophage pyroptosis and alleviated the upregulation of fibrosis markers in fibroblasts, suggesting the important role of macrophage pyroptosis in the activation of myofibroblasts during the progression of silicosis. Taken together, it showed that silica could induce macrophage pyroptosis and inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis could be a feasible clinical strategy to alleviate silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenming Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Fan J, Ren M, Chen W, Wang H, He Y. Celastrol relieves myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110511. [PMID: 37343368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a strong inflammatory response mediating by NLRP3 inflammasome which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. The key players in this response are Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18, which are regulated by NLRP3 inflammasomes. Celastrol, a traditional Chinese medicine with strong anti-inflammatory activity, has recently reported as a cardioprotective agent. However, the mechanisms by which celastrol is cardioprotective in MI remain elusive. We hypothesized that Celastrol could reduce IL-1β and IL-18 expression and ameliorate myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats, improve poor heart remodeling, and preserve heart function. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was caused by ligating the left anterior descending of male SD rats. Celastrol (1 mg/kg) or saline was administered every other day for 4 weeks. Heart function and fibrosis were assessed. Inflammatory and fibrotic markers in the myocardia were evaluated with immunohistochemistry, western blot, and ELISA. Molecular docking was employed to predict Celastrol's binding to NLRP3 protein. The effects of Celastrol on the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and myocardial fibrosis genes were then examined in vitro. RESULTS Celastrol maintained the left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). Fibrosis was significantly reduced in animals treated with 1 mg/kg Celastrol (15.17 ± 1.82%) relative to controls (29.88 ± 4.28%). Celastrol also significantly reduced the NLRP3, IL-18, and IL-1β levels, together with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the myocardium. Molecular docking predicted that NLRP3 would bind tightly to Celastrol [Docking energy: -8.9 (kcal/mol)]. In vitro experiments showed reduced NLRP3 inflammasome and myocardial fibrosis-associated proteins expression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with Celastrol. CONCLUSIONS In post-MI rats, Celastrol, a naturally occurring active ingredient, was able to reduce myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function, according to our study. These effects may result from inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuating the early inflammatory storm after MI, suggesting that Celastrol may be useful in treating acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China.
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Stojanovic D, Stojanovic M, Milenkovic J, Velickov A, Ignjatovic A, Milojkovic M. The Multi-Faceted Nature of Renalase for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improvement in Cardiac Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1607. [PMID: 37371077 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms and signaling network that guide the cardiac disease pathophysiology are inextricably intertwined, which explains the current scarcity of effective therapy and to date remains the greatest challenge in state-of-the-art cardiovascular medicine. Accordingly, a novel concept has emerged in which cardiomyocytes are the centerpiece of therapeutic targeting, with dysregulated mitochondria as a critical point of intervention. Mitochondrial dysfunction pluralism seeks a multi-faceted molecule, such as renalase, to simultaneously combat the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of mitochondria-induced cardiomyocyte injury. This review provides some original perspectives and, for the first time, discusses the functionality spectrum of renalase for mitochondrial dysfunction improvement within cardiac disease, including its ability to preserve mitochondrial integrity and dynamics by suppressing mitochondrial ΔΨm collapse; overall ATP content amelioration; a rise of mtDNA copy numbers; upregulation of mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and cellular vitality promotion; mitochondrial fission inhibition; NAD+ supplementation; sirtuin upregulation; and anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory traits. If verified that renalase, due to its multi-faceted nature, behaves like the "guardian of mitochondria" by thwarting pernicious mitochondrial dysfunction effects and exerting therapeutic potential to target mitochondrial abnormalities in failing hearts, it may provide large-scale benefits for cardiac disease patients, regardless of the underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milenkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Velickov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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11
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Fang HY, Zhao XN, Zhang M, Ma YY, Huang JL, Zhou P. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular diseases by influencing NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01249-2. [PMID: 37261627 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and have a high incidence rate worldwide. The function of inflammasomes in CVDs has received a lot of attention recently, and the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Flavonoids, which are found in food and plant extracts, inhibited inflammation in CVDs by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. CB-Dock was used to investigate whether 34 flavonoids from natural products acted on NLRP3 inflammasome. In brief, the PDB format of NLRP3 was selected as a protein file, and 34 flavonoids in SDF format were selected as the ligand file, and then input to CB-Dock for molecular docking. The docking results showed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), amentoflavone, baicalin, scutellarin, vitexin, silibinin, and puerarin had good binding affinities to NLRP3, which could be used as NLRP3 inhibitors, and aid in the discovery of lead compounds for the design and development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Fang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Ma
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Xu J, Zhou Z, Zheng Y, Yang S, Huang K, Li H. Roles of inflammasomes in viral myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149911. [PMID: 37256114 PMCID: PMC10225676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC), characterized by viral infection-induced inflammation, is a life-threatening disease associated with dilated cardiomyopathy or heart failure. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammation, in which inflammasomes provide a platform for the secretion of cytokines and mediate pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are rising stars gaining increasing attention. The nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) inflammasome, and the caspase-11 inflammasome are three inflammasomes that were reported to affect the process and prognosis of VMC. These inflammasomes can be activated by a wide range of cellular events. Accumulating evidence has suggested that inflammasomes are involved in different stages of VMC, including the trigger and progression of myocardial injury and remodeling after infection. In this review, we summarized the pathways involving inflammasomes in VMC and discussed the potential therapies targeting inflammasomes and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Vinciguerra M, Lip GYH, Franceschi C, Ren J. Inflammaging: mechanisms and role in the cardiac and vasculature. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:373-387. [PMID: 37076375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging triggers a wide range of cellular and molecular aberrations in the body, giving rise to inflammation and associated diseases. In particular, aging is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation even in absence of inflammatory stimuli, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'inflammaging'. Accumulating evidence has revealed that inflammaging in vascular and cardiac tissues is associated with the emergence of pathological states such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review we survey molecular and pathological mechanisms of inflammaging in vascular and cardiac aging to identify potential targets, natural therapeutic compounds, and other strategies to suppress inflammaging in the heart and vasculature, as well as in associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Johns Moore University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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14
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Liu Y, Kong X, You Y, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zhou L, Duan L. S100A8-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Macrophages Facilitates Liver Fibrosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223579. [PMID: 36429008 PMCID: PMC9688473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis has been implicated in liver fibrosis progression. However, the definite intrahepatic cell types that undergo pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism as well as the clinical importance remain unclear. Here, augmented levels of pyroptosis-related indicators GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were verified in both liver fibrosis patients and CCl4-induced fibrotic mouse model. Confocal imaging of NLRP3 with albumin, F4/80 or α-SMA revealed that enhanced NLRP3 was mainly localized to kupffer cells (KCs), indicating that KCs are major cell types that undergo pyroptosis. Targeting pyroptosis by inhibitor MCC950 attenuated the severity and ameliorated liver function in fibrosis models. In addition, elevated S100A8 in liver fibrosis patients was correlated with pyroptosis-related indicators. S100A8 stimulated pyroptotic death of macrophages, which resulted in activation of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 cells and increased collagen deposition. Mechanistically, S100A8 activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling and upregulated its target genes NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 expression, and induced reactive oxygen (ROS) abundance to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, finally leading to pyroptotic cell death in macrophages. More importantly, circulating GSDMD had the optimal predicting value for liver fibrosis progression. In conclusion, S100A8-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by TLR4/NF-κB activation and ROS production in macrophages facilitates liver fibrosis progression. The identified GSDMD has the potential to be a biomarker for liver fibrosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Linwei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
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15
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Yue T, Xiong S, Zheng D, Wang Y, Long P, Yang J, Danzeng D, Gao H, Wen X, Li X, Hou J. Multifunctional biomaterial platforms for blocking the fibrosis process and promoting cellular restoring effects in myocardial fibrosis therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:988683. [PMID: 36185428 PMCID: PMC9520723 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.988683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is the result of abnormal healing after acute and chronic myocardial damage and is a direct cause of heart failure and cardiac insufficiency. The clinical approach is to preserve cardiac function and inhibit fibrosis through surgery aimed at dredging blood vessels. However, this strategy does not adequately address the deterioration of fibrosis and cardiac function recovery. Therefore, numerous biomaterial platforms have been developed to address the above issues. In this review, we summarize the existing biomaterial delivery and restoring platforms, In addition, we also clarify the therapeutic strategies based on biomaterial platforms, including general strategies to block the fibrosis process and new strategies to promote cellular restoring effects. The development of structures with the ability to block further fibrosis progression as well as to promote cardiomyocytes viability should be the main research interests in myocardial fibrosis, and the reestablishment of structures necessary for normal cardiac function is central to the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, the future application of biomaterials for myocardial fibrosis is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunzhu Danzeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
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16
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Chen MY, Meng XF, Han YP, Yan JL, Xiao C, Qian LB. Profile of crosstalk between glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Inflammation and oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983713. [PMID: 36187088 PMCID: PMC9521548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the risk, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus, of cardiovascular diseases has been increasing explosively with the development of living conditions and the expansion of social psychological pressure. The disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism contributes to both collapse of myocardial structure and cardiac dysfunction, which ultimately leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is multifactorial, including inflammatory cascade activation, oxidative/nitrative stress, and the following impaired Ca2+ handling induced by insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia in diabetes. Some key alterations of cellular signaling network, such as translocation of CD36 to sarcolemma, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, up-regulation of AGE/RAGE system, and disequilibrium of micro-RNA, mediate diabetic oxidative stress/inflammation related myocardial remodeling and ventricular dysfunction in the context of glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance. Here, we summarized the detailed oxidative stress/inflammation network by which the abnormality of glucose and lipid metabolism facilitates diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Sabnis R. Novel RXFP1Modulators for Treating Heart Failure. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1213-1214. [PMID: 35978692 PMCID: PMC9377327 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram
W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP,
1105 West Peachtree Street NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, Georgia 30309,
United States
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18
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Sun C, Zhao H, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun X. The Role of Inflammasomes in COVID-19: Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:406-420. [PMID: 35984324 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. In severe cases, it is mainly associated with acute pneumonia, cytokine storm, and multi-organ dysfunction. Inflammasomes play a primary role in various pathological processes such as infection, injury, and cancer. However, their role in COVID-19-related complications has not been explored. In addition, the role of underlying medical conditions on COVID-19 disease severity remains unclear. Therefore, this review expounds on the mechanisms of inflammasomes following COVID-19 infection and provides recent evidence on the potential double-edged sword effect of inflammasomes during COVID-19 pathogenesis. The assembly and activation of inflammasomes are critical for inducing effective antiviral immune responses and disease resolution. However, uncontrolled activation of inflammasomes causes excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Therefore, discoveries in the role of the inflammasome in mediating organ injury are key to identifying therapeutic targets and treatment modifications to prevent or reduce COVID-19-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hangyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunze Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Guan XX, Yang HH, Zhong WJ, Duan JX, Zhang CY, Jiang HL, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Guan CX. Fn14 exacerbates acute lung injury by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. Mol Med 2022; 28:85. [PMID: 35907805 PMCID: PMC9338586 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled inflammation is an important factor in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury (ALI). Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a plasma membrane-anchored receptor, takes part in the pathological process of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Fn14 in ALI has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether the activation of Fn14 exacerbated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. METHODS In vivo, ALI was induced by intratracheal LPS-challenge combined with/without Fn14 receptor blocker aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) treatment in C57BL/6J mice. Following LPS administration, the survival rate, lung tissue injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory factor secretion, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were assessed. In vitro, primary murine macrophages were used to evaluate the underlying mechanism by which Fn14 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Lentivirus was used to silence Fn14 to observe its effect on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. RESULTS In this study, we found that Fn14 expression was significantly increased in the lungs of LPS-induced ALI mice. The inhibition of Fn14 with ATA downregulated the protein expression of Fn14 in the lungs and improved the survival rate of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS. ATA also attenuated lung tissue damage by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, reducing inflammation, and suppressing oxidative stress. Importantly, we found that ATA strongly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the lungs of ALI mice. Furthermore, in vitro, TWEAK, a natural ligand of Fn14, amplified the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the primary murine macrophage. By contrast, inhibition of Fn14 with shRNA decreased the expression of Fn14, NLRP3, Caspase-1 p10, and Caspase-1 p20, and the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, the activation of Fn14 promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited the activation of Nrf2-HO-1 in activated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our study first reports that the activation of Fn14 aggravates ALI by amplifying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, blocking Fn14 may be a potential way to treat ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Ling Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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20
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Fan J, Ren M, Adhikari BK, Wang H, He Y. The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardiac Fibrosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3847-3858. [PMID: 35836721 PMCID: PMC9273832 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s370483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis often has adverse cardiovascular effects, including heart failure, sudden death, and malignant arrhythmias. However, there is no targeted therapy for cardiac fibrosis. Inflammation is known to play a crucial role in the disorder, and the NLR pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely associated with innate immunity. Therefore, further understanding the pathophysiological role of the inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis may provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disorder. The aim of this review was to summarize the present knowledge of NLRP3 inflammasome-related mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis and to suggest potential targeted therapy that could be used to treat the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Haodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ge C, Zhao Y, Liang Y, He Y. Silencing of TLR4 Inhibits Atrial Fibrosis and Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation via Downregulation of NLRP3-TGF- β in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2466150. [PMID: 35860690 PMCID: PMC9293556 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2466150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study was aimed at exploring whether silencing of TLR4 could inhibit atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) by regulating NLRP3-TGF-β in hypertensive rats. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were transfected with either a virus containing TLR4-shRNA to downregulate TLR4 or an empty virus (vehicle) at the age of 14 weeks. Fibrosis of left atrium and susceptibility to AF were detected, and expression of NLRP3-TGF-β in left atrial tissue at 22 weeks of age was measured. Primary cardiac fibroblasts were transfected with TLR4-shRNA or scrambled vehicle and stimulated with angiotensin (Ang) II. Proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and expression of NLRP3-TGF-β were detected. Results Silencing of TLR4 reduced left atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to AF in SHRs and downregulated expression of NLRP3, TGF-β, and collagen I. In vitro, TLR4 silencing reduced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by Ang II as well as expression of NLRP3, TGF-β, and collagen I. Conclusion Silencing of TLR4 can downregulate NLRP3-TGF-β to reduce atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to AF in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Ge
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuming Liang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Tapia Cáceres F, Gaspari TA, Hossain MA, Samuel CS. Relaxin Inhibits the Cardiac Myofibroblast NLRP3 Inflammasome as Part of Its Anti-Fibrotic Actions via the Angiotensin Type 2 and ATP (P2X7) Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137074. [PMID: 35806076 PMCID: PMC9266307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation can promote fibrosis through its production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Conversely, recombinant human relaxin (RLX) can inhibit the pro-fibrotic interactions between IL-1β, IL-18 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Here, the broader extent by which RLX targeted the myofibroblast NLRP3 inflammasome to mediate its anti-fibrotic effects was elucidated. Primary human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), stimulated with TGF-β1 (to promote myofibroblast (HCMF) differentiation), LPS (to prime the NLRP3 inflammasome) and ATP (to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome) (T+L+A) or benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (to activate the ATP receptor; P2X7R) (T+L+Bz), co-expressed relaxin family peptide receptor-1 (RXFP1), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) and P2X7R, and underwent increased protein expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. Whilst RLX co-administration to HCMFs significantly prevented the T+L+A- or T+L+Bz-stimulated increase in these end points, the inhibitory effects of RLX were annulled by the pharmacological antagonism of either RXFP1, AT2R, P2X7R, TLR-4, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or caspase-1. The RLX-induced amelioration of left ventricular inflammation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in isoproterenol (ISO)-injured mice, was also attenuated by P2X7R antagonism. Thus, the ability of RLX to ameliorate the myofibroblast NLRP3 inflammasome as part of its anti-fibrotic effects, appeared to involve RXFP1, AT2R, P2X7R and the inhibition of TLR-4, ROS and caspase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tapia Cáceres
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (F.T.C.); (T.A.G.)
| | - Tracey A. Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (F.T.C.); (T.A.G.)
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (F.T.C.); (T.A.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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23
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Stojanovic D, Mitic V, Stojanovic M, Milenkovic J, Ignjatovic A, Milojkovic M. The Scientific Rationale for the Introduction of Renalase in the Concept of Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845878. [PMID: 35711341 PMCID: PMC9193824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis represents a redundant accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting from a cascade of pathophysiological events involved in an ineffective healing response, that eventually leads to heart failure. The pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis involves various cellular effectors (neutrophils, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts), up-regulation of profibrotic mediators (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), and processes where epithelial and endothelial cells undergo mesenchymal transition. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. The most effective anti-fibrotic strategy will have to incorporate the specific targeting of the diverse cells, pathways, and their cross-talk in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibroproliferation. Additionally, renalase, a novel protein secreted by the kidneys, is identified. Evidence demonstrates its cytoprotective properties, establishing it as a survival element in various organ injuries (heart, kidney, liver, intestines), and as a significant anti-fibrotic factor, owing to its, in vitro and in vivo demonstrated pleiotropy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrotic responses. Effective anti-fibrotic therapy may seek to exploit renalase’s compound effects such as: lessening of the inflammatory cell infiltrate (neutrophils and macrophages), and macrophage polarization (M1 to M2), a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/reactive species/growth factor release (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-2, ROS, TGF-β1), an increase in anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl2), and prevention of caspase activation, inflammasome silencing, sirtuins (1 and 3) activation, and mitochondrial protection, suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a decrease in the pro-fibrotic markers expression (’α-SMA, collagen I, and III, TIMP-1, and fibronectin), and interference with MAPKs signaling network, most likely as a coordinator of pro-fibrotic signals. This review provides the scientific rationale for renalase’s scrutiny regarding cardiac fibrosis, and there is great anticipation that these newly identified pathways are set to progress one step further. Although substantial progress has been made, indicating renalase’s therapeutic promise, more profound experimental work is required to resolve the accurate underlying mechanisms of renalase, concerning cardiac fibrosis, before any potential translation to clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Valentina Mitic
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niska Banja, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milenkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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24
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Hirano S, Higashimori A, Nagami Y, Nadatani Y, Tanigawa T, Ominami M, Fukunaga S, Otani K, Hosomi S, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Taira K, Watanabe T, Fujiwara Y. Pirfenidone prevents esophageal stricture by inhibiting nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1096-1106. [PMID: 35434849 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Esophageal injury often results in a scar, leading to refractory strictures. The NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, causing the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β. Here, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of pirfenidone (PFD), an antifibrotic drug, on esophageal stricture after ulcer healing and studied its mechanism by focusing on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS Esophageal ulcers were induced in rats via the local application of acetic acid in the serosa. PFD was intraperitoneally administered to the rats 3 days after ulcer induction. The effect of PFD on esophageal stricture after ulcer healing was assessed by esophagography on day 9. The protein levels of mature caspase-1 and IL-1β were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS The ulcers fully developed 3 days after induction and were almost scarred by day 9 with severe strictures. PFD promoted ulcer healing and attenuated fibrotic collagen in the submucosa by suppressing the increase in NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and mature IL-1β expression, improving stricture rate (PFD vs vehicle = 55% vs 81%). Exogenous IL-1β abolished the therapeutic effects of PFD on ulcer healing and stricture formation. Furthermore, NLRP3 and caspase-1 inhibitors mimicked the effects of PFD on ulcer healing and stricture formation, with suppression of the increase in cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β proteins and expression of fibrosis-related molecules including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. CONCLUSION The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes esophageal stricture formation following ulcer healing, and PFD exerts potential prophylactic activity against strictures, possibly via the inhibition of the NLRP3/IL-1β/TGF-β1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ominami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shusei Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Li Y, Ricardo SD, Samuel CS. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies with an Anti-Fibrotic Agent for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116035. [PMID: 35682717 PMCID: PMC9181689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 1 in 10 members of the general population, placing these patients at an increasingly high risk of kidney failure. Despite the significant burden of CKD on various healthcare systems, there are no effective cures that reverse or even halt its progression. In recent years, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognised as a novel therapy for CKDs, owing to their well-established immunomodulatory and tissue-reparative properties in preclinical settings, and their promising safety profile that has been demonstrated in patients with CKDs from several clinical trials. However, renal fibrosis (scarring), a hallmark of CKD, has been shown to impair the viability and functionality of BM-MSCs post-transplantation. This has suggested that BM-MSCs might require a pre-treatment or adjunct therapy that can enhance the viability and therapeutic efficacy of these stromal cells in chronic disease settings. To address this, recent studies that have combined BM-MSCs with the anti-fibrotic drug serelaxin (RLX), have demonstrated the enhanced therapeutic potential of this combination therapy in normotensive and hypertensive preclinical models of CKD. In this review, a critical appraisal of the preclinical data available on the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective actions of BM-MSCs or RLX alone and when combined, as a treatment option for normotensive vs. hypertensive CKD, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Sharon D. Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.S.S.)
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26
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D-Carvone Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and TGF-ß 1/SMAD3 Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050739. [PMID: 35625467 PMCID: PMC9138456 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-carvone is a natural monoterpene found in abundance in the essential oil of aromatic medicinal plants with a wide range of pharmacological values. However, the impact of D-carvone on liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic potential of D-carvone in a rat model of liver fibrosis and to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg, interperitoneally every 72 h for 8 weeks). Oral treatment of rats with D-carvone (50 mg/kg, daily) started on the 3rd week of CCl4 administration. D-carvone significantly enhanced liver functions (ALT, AST), oxidant/antioxidant status (MDA, SOD, GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC), as well as histopathological changes. Moreover, D-carvone effectively attenuated the progression of liver fibrosis, evident by the decreased collagen deposition and fibrosis score by Masson trichrome staining (MT) and α-SMA protein expression. Moreover, D-carvone administration resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-fibrogenic markers TGF-β1 and SMAD3 and upregulation of MMP9. These findings reveal the anti-fibrotic effect of D-carvone and suggest regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, together with the antioxidant activity as a mechanistic cassette, underlines this effect. Therefore, D-carvone could be a viable candidate for inhibiting liver fibrosis and other oxidative stress-related hepatic diseases. Clinical studies to support our hypothesis are warranted.
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27
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Chai R, Xue W, Shi S, Zhou Y, Du Y, Li Y, Song Q, Wu H, Hu Y. Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure: Role of Pyroptosis and Its Therapeutic Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:870924. [PMID: 35509275 PMCID: PMC9058112 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.870924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death closely related to inflammation. The pathways that mediate pyroptosis can be divided into the Caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and the Caspase4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway. The most significant difference from other cell death is that pyroptosis rapidly causes rupture of the plasma membrane, cell expansion, dissolution and rupture of the cell membrane, the release of cell contents and a large number of inflammatory factors, and send pro-inflammatory signals to adjacent cells, recruit inflammatory cells and induce inflammatory responses. Cardiac remodeling is the basic mechanism of heart failure (HF) and the core of pathophysiological research on the underlying mechanism. A large number of studies have shown that pyroptosis can cause cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes death, myocardial dysfunction, excessive inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. Therefore, targeting pyroptosis has a good prospect in improving cardiac remodeling in HF. In this review, the basic molecular mechanism of pyroptosis is summarized, the relationship between pyroptosis and cardiac remodeling in HF is analyzed in-depth, and the potential therapy of targeting pyroptosis to improve adverse cardiac remodeling in HF is discussed, providing some ideas for improving the study of adverse cardiac remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yihang Du
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqin Wu
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yuanhui Hu
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28
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LuQi Formula Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis by Suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Mice with Myocardial Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5867987. [PMID: 35310035 PMCID: PMC8933100 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5867987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis caused by myocardial infarction (MI) is the key factor leading to cardiac remodeling; nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) plays an important role in regulation of myocardial injury; however, its relationship with TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway is largely unreported. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has shown its unique advantages and broad application prospects. LuQi Formula (LQF) has been used for more than 20 years in Shuguang Hospital (Shanghai, China), and it was confirmed that it can improve the clinical symptoms of patients after MI. Here, we investigated the mechanism of LQF by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in mice with MI. Purpose The purpose of this study was to verify the positive effects of the LQF in ameliorating myocardial fibrosis and inflammasome infiltration in the MI mice in vivo. Methods Forty mice were randomized into four groups: the sham group, the MI group, the LQF group, and the perindopril group (n = 10 per group). Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation was performed in all groups except the sham group. The mice were treated with LQF after MI. After 4 weeks, LDH, cTnI, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to evaluate the myocardial injury and fibrosis. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of collagen I, α-SMA, NLRP3 inflammasome, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to further detect the expression of Fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, NLRP3, and NF-κB in myocardial tissue. Results Compared with the MI group, the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in the LQF group were significantly improved, while the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular internal dimension systole (LVIDs) were significantly decreased. The representative staining of H&E and Masson showed that treatment with LQF could effectively reduce myocardial injury and fibrosis. ELISA results showed that serum LDH, cTnI, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β in LQF group were significantly lower than those in MI group. The western blot results showed that the expressions of collagen I and α-SMA were decreased significantly in the LQF group. Moreover, the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway were downregulated in the LQF treatment group. Conclusion Our results suggested that LQF could significantly improve cardiac function and ameliorate myocardial fibrosis. In addition, we found that LQF could downregulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and then inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that LQF alleviated cardiac fibrosis by decreasing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and then inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MI mice, which indicates potential therapeutic effect of LQF on patients with MI.
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Chen H, Qiao H, Zhao Q, Wei F. microRNA-135a-5p regulates NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome-mediated hypertensive cardiac inflammation and fibrosis via thioredoxin-interacting protein. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4658-4673. [PMID: 35148667 PMCID: PMC8973706 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a severe public health problem that induces cardiac injury with alterations of gene expressions. The current study sought to evaluate the mechanism of microRNA(miR)-135a-5p in NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediation of cardiac inflammation and hypertensive cardiac fibrosis. Firstly, hypertensive mouse models were established using angiotensin II (Ang II), followed by miR-135a-5p agomir treatment. Subsequently, mouse blood pressure and basic cardiac function indexes, histopathological changes, and cardiac fibrosis were all determined, in addition to detection of factors related to inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, mice cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated and treated with Ang II. The binding relationship of miR-135a-5p and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was predicted and testified, while the interaction of TXNIP and NLRP3 was detected by means of a co-immunoprecipitation assay. It was found that miR-135a-5p was poorly-expressed in Ang II-treated mice and further exerted cardioprotective effects against hypertensive heart diseases. Moreover, over-expression of miR-135a-5p resulted in inhibition of inflammatory infiltration and almost eliminated cardiac fibrosis, as evidenced by decreased Collagen (COL)-I, COL-III, a-smooth muscle actin, NLRP3, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Mechanically, miR-135a-5p inhibited TXNIP expression to block the binding of TXNIP and NLRP3. On the other hand, TXNIP up-regulation reversed the protective role of miR-135a-5p over-expression in CFs. Collectively, our findings indicated that miR-135a-5p over-expression inhibited TXNIP expression to block the binding of TXNIP and NLRP3, thereby alleviating hypertensive cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The 8th Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huilian Qiao
- Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The 8th Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fuling Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The 8th Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Pinar AA, S Samuel CS. Immune Mechanisms and Related Targets for the Treatment of Fibrosis in Various Organs. Curr Mol Med 2022; 22:240-249. [PMID: 35034593 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220114122839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis are two inter-related disease pathologies with several overlapping components. Three specific cell types, macrophages, T helper cells and myofibroblasts, each play important roles in regulating both processes. Following tissue injury, an inflammatory stimulus is often necessary to initiate tissue repair, where cytokines released from infiltrating and resident immune and inflammatory cells stimulate the proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. However, persistent tissue injury drives an inappropriate pro-fibrotic response. Additionally, activated myofibroblasts can take on the role of traditional antigen-presenting cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, and recruit inflammatory cells to fibrotic foci, amplifying the fibrotic response in a vicious cycle. Moreover, inflammatory cells have been shown to play contradictory roles in the initiation, amplification and resolution of fibrotic disease processes. The central role of the inflammasome molecular platform in contributing to fibrosis is only beginning to be fully appreciated. In this review, we discuss the immune mechanisms that can lead to fibrosis, the inflammasomes that have been implicated in the fibrotic process in the context of the immune response to injury, and also discuss current and emerging therapies that target inflammasome-induced collagen deposition to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Pinar
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chrishan S S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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31
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Cheng M, Yang Z, Li R, Wu G, Zhang C. Loureirin B alleviates cardiac fibrosis by suppressing Pin1/TGF-β1 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 918:174791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samuel CS, Bennett RG. Relaxin as an anti-fibrotic treatment: Perspectives, challenges and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114884. [PMID: 34968489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the scarring and hardening of tissues, which results from a failed immune system-coordinated wound healing response to chronic organ injury and which manifests from the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix components (ECM), primarily collagen. Despite being a hallmark of prolonged tissue damage and related dysfunction, and commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, there are currently no effective cures for its regression. An emerging therapy that meets several criteria of an effective anti-fibrotic treatment, is the recombinant drug-based form of the human hormone, relaxin (also referred to as serelaxin, which is bioactive in several other species). This review outlines the broad anti-fibrotic and related organ-protective roles of relaxin, mainly from studies conducted in preclinical models of ageing and fibrotic disease, including its ability to ameliorate several aspects of fibrosis progression and maturation, from immune cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion, oxidative stress, organ hypertrophy, cell apoptosis, myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, to its ability to facilitate established ECM degradation. Studies that have compared and/or combined these therapeutic effects of relaxin with current standard of care medication have also been discussed, along with the main challenges that have hindered the translation of the anti-fibrotic efficacy of relaxin to the clinic. The review then outlines the future directions as to where scientists and several pharmaceutical companies that have recognized the therapeutic potential of relaxin are working towards, to progress its development as a treatment for human patients suffering from various fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4130, USA.
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Wu J, Dong E, Zhang Y, Xiao H. The Role of the Inflammasome in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709703. [PMID: 34776995 PMCID: PMC8581560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes the development of heart failure (HF). The inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that plays an essential role in the innate immune response by triggering the cleavage and activation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18. Blocking IL-1β with the monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduced hospitalizations and mortality in HF patients, suggesting that the inflammasome is involved in HF pathogenesis. The inflammasome is activated under various pathologic conditions that contribute to the progression of HF, including pressure overload, acute or chronic overactivation of the sympathetic system, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Inflammasome activation is responsible for cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and pyroptosis. Besides inflammatory cells, the inflammasome in other cardiac cells initiates local inflammation through intercellular communication. Some inflammasome inhibitors are currently being investigated in clinical trials in patients with HF. The current evidence suggests that the inflammasome is a critical mediator of cardiac inflammation during HF and a promising therapeutic target. The present review summarizes the recent advances in both basic and clinical research on the role of the inflammasome in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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LncRNA TDRG1 aggravates TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis and inflammatory response of cardiac fibroblasts via miR-605-3p/TNFRSF21 axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:296-303. [PMID: 34775426 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Heart failure is mainly caused by a decline in the systolic function of the heart. LncRNAs are related to cardiac diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA testis development related gene 1 (TDRG1) on the fibrogenesis and inflammatory response of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. RT-qPCR was applied to reveal the expression levels of TDRG1, miR-605-3p and TNFRSF21. Western blot analysis was prepared to detect protein levels of TNFRSF21 and fibrosis related genes. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted for confirming the interaction between miR-605-3p and TDRG1/TNFRSF21. We found that TGF-β1-stimulated HCFs showed high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased protein levels of fibrosis related genes, suggesting the dysfunctions of TGF-β1-stimulated HCFs. In addition, TDRG1 was upregulated in TGF-β1-stimulated HCFs. We found that interfering with TDRG1 alleviated dysfunctions of TGF-β1-stimulated HCFs. Moreover, TDRG1 bound with miR-605-3p. MiR-605-3p exerted the anti-fibrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in TGF-β1-treated HCFs. As a target gene of miR-605-3p, TNFRSF21, reversed the anti-fibrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of TDRG1 knockdown in TGF-β1-treated HCFs. Overall, our study confirmed that TDRG1 aggravates fibrogenesis and inflammatory response in TGF-β1-treated HCFs via the miR-605-3p/TNFRSF21 axis.
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Scott TE, Qin CX, Drummond GR, Hobbs AJ, Kemp-Harper BK. Innovative Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-resolving Strategies for Pulmonary Hypertension: High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia Award 2019. Hypertension 2021; 78:1168-1184. [PMID: 34565184 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, ostensibly incurable, and etiologically diverse disease with an unacceptably high 5-year mortality rate (≈50%), worse than many cancers. Irrespective of pathogenic origin, dysregulated immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension pathobiology, particularly pertaining to pulmonary vascular remodeling. As such, a variety of proinflammatory pathways have been mooted as novel therapeutic targets. One such pathway involves the family of innate immune regulators known as inflammasomes. In addition, a new and emerging concept is differentiating between anti-inflammatory approaches versus those that promote pro-resolving pathways. This review will briefly introduce inflammasomes and examine recent literature concerning their role in pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, it will explore the difference between inflammation-suppressing and pro-resolution approaches and how this links to inflammasomes. Finally, we will investigate new avenues for targeting inflammation in pulmonary hypertension via more targeted anti-inflammatory or inflammation resolving strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute (T.E.S., B.K.K.-H.), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.E.S., C.X.Q.), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.E.S., C.X.Q.), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (C.X.Q.)
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (G.R.D.)
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.J.H.)
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute (T.E.S., B.K.K.-H.), Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity: A Link between MAFLD and NASH with Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111629. [PMID: 34769060 PMCID: PMC8583943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic ensuing an increase in comorbidities’ prevalence, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), autoimmune diseases, and some cancers, CVD being one of the main causes of death in the world. Several studies provide evidence for an association between MAFLD and atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic disorders, including CVDs such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Therefore, the combination of MAFLD/NASH is associated with vascular risk and CVD progression, but the underlying mechanisms linking MAFLD/NASH and CVD are still under investigation. Several underlying mechanisms may probably be involved, including hepatic/systemic insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as pro-atherogenic, pro-coagulant, and pro-inflammatory mediators released from the steatotic/inflamed liver. MAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, which is involved in its pathogenesis and progression to NASH. Insulin resistance is a major cardiovascular risk factor in subjects without diabetes. However, T2D has been considered the most common link between MAFLD/NASH and CVD. This review summarizes the evidence linking obesity with MAFLD, NASH, and CVD, considering the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms involved in these diseases. We also discuss the association of MAFLD and NASH with the development and progression of CVD, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, and pharmacological strategies to treat MAFLD/NASH and cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (J.A.-B.); Tel.: +52-331-062-2083 (J.G.-C.); +52-333-677-8741 (J.A.-B.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (J.A.-B.); Tel.: +52-331-062-2083 (J.G.-C.); +52-333-677-8741 (J.A.-B.)
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Short WD, Wang X, Li H, Yu L, Kaul A, Calderon GA, Gilley J, Bollyky PL, Balaji S, Keswani SG. Interleukin-10 Producing T Lymphocytes Attenuate Dermal Scarring. Ann Surg 2021; 274:627-636. [PMID: 34506318 PMCID: PMC8428868 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demonstrate the impact of IL-10 producing T lymphocytes on mediating dermal scarring. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA We demonstrated that CD4+ cells are essential to improving postinjury wound healing and preventing fibrosis. CD4+ subsets secrete differential cytokine and growth factor profiles, though their role in fibrosis is not known. IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine shown to promote regenerative wound healing, is secreted by some CD4+ subsets. We, therefore, hypothesize that IL-10 producing CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets selectively attenuate dermal wound fibrosis. METHODS IL-10-/- and wild-type murine splenocytes were enriched for CD4+ lymphocytes and adoptively transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice that received full-thickness wounds which were analyzed at days 7 and 28 for inflammation and collagen content. We then sorted CD4+CD44int/lowFoxP3-CD62L+ T cells (Tnaive) or CD4+CD44HiFoxP3- type 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cell subsets from 10BiT murine splenocytes, activated them, and transferred them into wounds. In vitro, dermal fibroblasts were cocultured with Tnaive or Tr1 and the effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation was analyzed. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of CD4+ cells on SCID wounds were lost with cells from IL-10-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of Tr1 into SCID mice resulted in accelerated wound closure at d7 with reduced fibrosis at d28, with Tr1 favoring hyaluronan production by fibroblasts, an ECM molecule implicated in IL-10-induced regenerative healing. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 producing T-lymphocytes, specifically Tr1, regulate inflammatory cell cytokine expression to promote HA-rich ECM deposition and attenuate fibrosis. Promoting IL-10 producing lymphocytes in wounds may be a therapeutic target to promote regenerative wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker D Short
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gisele A Calderon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamie Gilley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Zhang X, Qu H, Yang T, Kong X, Zhou H. Regulation and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis: Current knowledge and clinical significance. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112219. [PMID: 34560540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, representing one of the leading causes of death due to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis involves several multifactorial processes that cannot be effectively controlled by the available therapies. Therefore, current research has focused on the development of novel drugs that can be used to prevent cardiac fibrosis. Recent studies on the functions of inflammasome have provided an in-depth understanding of the regulatory functions of inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis. This review summarizes the latest research on the functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various cardiovascular diseases. The latest findings indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates several inflammatory responses and is associated with pyroptosis, mitochondrial regulation, and myofibroblast differentiation in cardiac fibrosis. These novel findings provide insight into the vital role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, which can be used to identify new targets for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yura Y, Miura-Yura E, Katanasaka Y, Min KD, Chavkin N, Polizio AH, Ogawa H, Horitani K, Doviak H, Evans MA, Sano M, Wang Y, Boroviak K, Philippos G, Domingues AF, Vassiliou G, Sano S, Walsh K. The Cancer Therapy-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Gene Ppm1d Promotes Inflammation and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure in Mice. Circ Res 2021; 129:684-698. [PMID: 34315245 PMCID: PMC8409899 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Now with Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Nicholas Chavkin
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Ariel H. Polizio
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Keita Horitani
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Megan A. Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Miho Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.)
| | - Katharina Boroviak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
| | - George Philippos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany (G.P.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
- Now with German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (G.P.)
| | - Ana Filipa Domingues
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
| | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Now with Department of Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (S.S.)
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Now with Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Japan (Y.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany (G.P.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
- Now with Department of Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (S.S.)
- Now with German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (G.P.)
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Li X, Li L, Lei W, Chua HZ, Li Z, Huang X, Wang Q, Li N, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic option for cardiac fibrosis: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111979. [PMID: 34358754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process for cardiac remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis not only accelerates the deterioration progress of diseases but also becomes a pivotal contributor for futile treatment in clinical cardiovascular trials. Although cardiac fibrosis is common and prevalent, effective medicines to provide sufficient clinical intervention for cardiac fibrosis are still unavailable. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the natural essence experienced boiling, fry, and other processing methods, including active ingredients, extracts, and herbal formulas, which have been applied to treat human diseases for a long history. Recently, research has increasingly focused on the great potential of TCM for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we aim to clarify the identified pro-fibrotic mechanisms and intensively summarize the application of TCM in improving cardiac fibrosis by working on these mechanisms. Through comprehensively analyzing, TCM mainly regulates the following pathways during ameliorating cardiac fibrosis: attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibition of cardiac fibroblasts activation, reduction of extracellular matrix accumulation, modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulation of autophagy, regulation of metabolic-dependent mechanisms, and targeting microRNAs. We also discussed the deficiencies and the development direction of anti-fibrotic therapies on cardiac fibrosis. The data reviewed here demonstrates that TCM shows a robust effect on alleviating cardiac fibrosis, which provides us a rich source of new drugs or drug candidates. Besides, we also hope this review may give some enlightenment for treating cardiac fibrosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Hui Zi Chua
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zining Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xianglong Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Sofias AM, De Lorenzi F, Peña Q, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Vucur M, Wang JW, Kiessling F, Shi Y, Consolino L, Storm G, Lammers T. Therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of fibrosis in metabolic, proliferative and viral disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113831. [PMID: 34139255 PMCID: PMC7611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common denominator in many pathologies and crucially affects disease progression, drug delivery efficiency and therapy outcome. We here summarize therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for fibrosis targeting in atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases and viral infections. We address various anti-fibrotic targets, ranging from cells and genes to metabolites and proteins, primarily focusing on fibrosis-promoting features that are conserved among the different diseases. We discuss how anti-fibrotic therapies have progressed over the years, and how nanomedicine formulations can potentiate anti-fibrotic treatment efficacy. From a diagnostic point of view, we discuss how medical imaging can be employed to facilitate the diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of fibrotic disorders. Altogether, this comprehensive overview serves as a basis for developing individualized and improved treatment strategies for patients suffering from fibrosis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology (MSSO), Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO(ABCD)), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Wang D, Zhan X, Wu R, You Y, Chen W, Duan L. Assessment of Pyroptosis-Related Indicators as Potential Biomarkers and Their Association with Severity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3185-3196. [PMID: 34285542 PMCID: PMC8286130 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s319213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis remain challenging due to its diverse clinical manifestations and elusive severity evaluation. Pyroptosis, an identified inflammatory form of cell death, has recently been reported to participate in cirrhosis development. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of pyroptosis in liver cirrhosis remains largely unexplored. Patients and Methods One hundred and fifty-one liver cirrhosis patients either alone or in combination with various complications and twenty-nine gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Pyroptosis-related indicators gasdermin D (GSDMD), IL-1ß and IL-18 were measured by IHC in tissue section and by ELISA in serum, respectively, and correlations of their circulating levels with disease severity as well as their potential as biomarkers for monitoring cirrhosis progression were evaluated. Results Increased levels of the circulating pyroptosis-related indicators GSDMD, IL-1ß and IL-18 were observed in liver cirrhosis patients, especially those with an etiology of viral infection. In addition, all three indicators were positively correlated with disease severity parameters, including Child-Pugh classification, APRI scores and compensated status. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that circulating IL-1ß exerted potential discriminating power for SBP occurrence in liver cirrhosis, but GSDMD possessed differentiating power for SBP in liver cirrhosis with ascites, which yielded area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion Liver cirrhosis patients exhibited increased levels of circulating GSDMD, IL-1ß and IL-18, all of which were positively correlated with disease severity. More importantly, the identified circulating IL-1ß and GSDMD exhibited potentials as novel biomarkers for liver cirrhosis patients presenting with SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Deng B, Liu J, Liu Q, Guo Y, Yang Z, Fang C, Lu L, Chen Z, Xian S, Wang L, Huang Y. Xinyang Tablet inhibits MLK3-mediated pyroptosis to attenuate inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in pressure overload. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114078. [PMID: 33798659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xinyang tablet (XYT) has been traditionally used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Our previous study indicated that XYT exhibited protective effects in heart failure (HF). AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of XYT in pressure overload induced HF and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed XYT content using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC.). Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to generate pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and were then orally administered XYT or URMC-099 for 1 week after the operation. HL1 mouse cardiomyoblasts were induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to trigger pyroptosis and were then treated with XYT or URMC-099. We used echocardiography (ECG), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to evaluate the effects of XYT. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of collagen metabolism biomarkers and inflammation-related factors were detected. We determined protein levels of inflammation- and pyroptosis-related signaling pathway members via Western blot (WB). Caspase-1 activity was measured in cell lysate using a Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit. Subsequently, to define the candidate ingredients in XYT that regulate mixed-lineage kinase-3 (MLK3), we used molecular docking (MD) to predict and evaluate binding affinity with MLK3. Finally, we screened 24 active potential compounds that regulate MLK3 via MD. RESULTS ECG, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining and TUNEL assay results showed that XYT remarkably improved heart function, amelorated myocardial fibrosis and inhibited apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, it reduced expression of proteins or mRNAs related to collagen metabolism, including collagen type 1 (COL1), fibronectin (FN), alpha smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9). XYT also inhibited inflammation and the induction of pyroptosis at an early stage, as well as attenuated inflammation and pyroptosis levels in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that XYT exerted protective effects against pressure overload induced myocardial fibrosis (MF), which might be associated with the induction of pyroptosis-mediated MLK3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yining Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chongkai Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yusheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Ekholm M, Kahan T. The Impact of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System on Inflammation, Coagulation, and Atherothrombotic Complications, and to Aggravated COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640185. [PMID: 34220496 PMCID: PMC8245685 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a disease caused by a chronic inflammation, associated with endothelial dysfunction, and several mediators of inflammation are up-regulated in subjects with atherosclerotic disease. Healthy, intact endothelium exhibits an antithrombotic, protective surface between the vascular lumen and vascular smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between anti- and prooxidants, with a subsequent increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to tissue damage. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is of vital importance in the pathobiology of vascular disease. Convincing data indicate that angiotensin II accelerates hypertension and augments the production of reactive oxygen species. This leads to the generation of a proinflammatory phenotype in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by the up-regulation of adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines. In addition, angiotensin II also seems to increase thrombin generation, possibly via a direct impact on tissue factor. However, the mechanism of cross-talk between inflammation and haemostasis can also contribute to prothrombotic states in inflammatory environments. Thus, blocking of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system might be an approach to reduce both inflammatory and thrombotic complications in high-risk patients. During COVID-19, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be activated. The levels of angiotensin II could contribute to the ongoing inflammation, which might result in a cytokine storm, a complication that significantly impairs prognosis. At the outbreak of COVID-19 concerns were raised about the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blocker drugs in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension or other cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the present evidence is in favor of continuing to use of these drugs. Based on experimental evidence, blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system might even exert a potentially protective influence in the setting of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ekholm
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Kahan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Quagliariello V, Berretta M, Buccolo S, Iovine M, Paccone A, Cavalcanti E, Taibi R, Montopoli M, Botti G, Maurea N. Polydatin Reduces Cardiotoxicity and Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Sunitinib by Decreasing Pro-Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680758. [PMID: 34178667 PMCID: PMC8226180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor (TKi), prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. Polydatin (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-d-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with consolidated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective and chemosensitizing properties during incubation with sunitinib. We investigated on the effects of polydatin on the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and Myd88 expression, highlighting on the production of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-12 and TGF-β) during treatment with sunitinib. Exposure of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyoblasts (AC-16 and H9C2 cell lines) and human renal adenocarcinoma cells (769-P and A498) to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly iROS, MDA and LTB4 compared to only sunitinib-treated cells (P<0.001). In renal cancer cells and cardiomyocytes polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in myocardial damages and chemoresistance and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome, MyD88 and NF-κB. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, reduces key chemokines involved in cancer cell survival, chemoresistance and cardiac damages of sunitinib through downregulation of NLRP3-MyD88 pathway, applying as a potential nutraceutical agent in preclinical studies of preventive cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Buccolo
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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Yuan GY, Liu ZL, Lai Q, Fu F, Zhang L, Kou JP, Yu BY, Li F. HPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics to explore the molecular mechanisms of Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection in heart failure mice. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2545-2563. [PMID: 33942520 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a common and fatal disease triggered by loss of normal cardiac function. Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially chronic heart failure. In this study, a model of chronic heart failure in mice was established with permanent coronary artery ligation followed by Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection intervention for 14 days. Then, the endogenous metabolites of mice plasma and urine samples were screened through nontargeted metabolomics techniques. The results indicated that Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection treatment changed the metabolic pattern of chronic heart failure and regulated valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, histidine metabolism and arginine biosynthesis, etc. Finally, the cardioprotective mechanism of Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection was further verified in the mouse model of chronic heart failure and angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibroblasts based on metabolomics. The results showed that Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection could inhibit myocardial fibrosis to improve chronic heart failure. This study firstly elucidated the metabolic network and pathways regulated by Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection, which might facilitate the realization of the clinically accurate application of Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ying Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Li Z, Zhao H, Wang J. Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation: The Links Between Chronic Heart Failure and Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650278. [PMID: 34026868 PMCID: PMC8131678 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) patients often suffer from multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes, atrial fibrillation, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. The coexistance of comorbidities usually leads to multi morbidity and poor prognosis. Treatments for HF patients with multi morbidity are still an unmet clinical need, and finding an effective therapy strategy is of great value. HF can lead to comorbidity, and in return, comorbidity may promote the progression of HF, creating a vicious cycle. This reciprocal correlation indicates there may be some common causes and biological mechanisms. Metabolism remodeling and chronic inflammation play a vital role in the pathophysiological processes of HF and comorbidities, indicating metabolism and inflammation may be the links between HF and comorbidities. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the major underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications for comorbidities of HF. We first summarize the potential role of metabolism and inflammation in HF. Then, we give an overview of the linkage between common comorbidities and HF, from the perspective of epidemiological evidence to the underlying metabolism and inflammation mechanisms. Moreover, with the help of bioinformatics, we summarize the shared risk factors, signal pathways, and therapeutic targets between HF and comorbidities. Metabolic syndrome, aging, deleterious lifestyles (sedentary behavior, poor dietary patterns, smoking, etc.), and other risk factors common to HF and comorbidities are all associated with common mechanisms. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, are among the major mechanisms of both HF and comorbidities. Gene enrichment analysis showed the PI3K/AKT pathway may probably play a central role in multi morbidity. Additionally, drug targets common to HF and several common comorbidities were found by network analysis. Such analysis has already been instrumental in drug repurposing to treat HF and comorbidity. And the result suggests sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, IL-1β inhibitors, and metformin may be promising drugs for repurposing to treat multi morbidity. We propose that targeting the metabolic and inflammatory pathways that are common to HF and comorbidities may provide a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen TT, Xiao F, Li N, Shan S, Qi M, Wang ZY, Zhang SN, Wei W, Sun WY. Inflammasome as an Effective Platform for Fibrosis Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1575-1590. [PMID: 33907438 PMCID: PMC8069677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final stage of the development of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, leading to tissue structure damage and organ dysfunction, which is a serious threat to human health and life. However, the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. Inflammasome is a molecular complex of proteins that has been becoming a key innate sensor for host immunity and is involved in pyroptosis, pathogen infection, metabolic syndrome, cellular stress, and tumor metastasis. Inflammasome signaling and downstream cytokine responses mediated by the inflammasome have been found to play an important role in fibrosis. The inflammasome regulates the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which are both critical for the process of fibrosis. Recently, researches on the function of inflammasome have attracted extensive attention, and data derived from these researches have increased our understanding of the effects and regulation of inflammasome during fibrosis. In this review, we emphasize the growing evidence for both indirect and direct effects of inflammasomes in triggering fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Chakraborty A, Pinar AA, Lam M, Bourke JE, Royce SG, Selomulya C, Samuel CS. Pulmonary myeloid cell uptake of biodegradable nanoparticles conjugated with an anti-fibrotic agent provides a novel strategy for treating chronic allergic airways disease. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120796. [PMID: 33894403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma (chronic allergic airways disease, AAD) is characterized by airway inflammation (AI), airway remodeling (AWR) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Current treatments for AAD mainly focus on targeting AI and its contribution AHR, with the use of corticosteroids. However, there are no therapies for the direct treatment of AWR, which can contribute to airway obstruction, AHR and corticosteroid resistance independently of AI. The acute heart failure drug, serelaxin (recombinant human gene-2 relaxin, RLX), has potential anti-remodeling and anti-fibrotic effects but only when continuously infused or injected to overcome its short half-life. To alleviate this limitation, we conjugated serelaxin to biodegradable and noninflammatory nanoparticles (NP-RLX) and evaluated their therapeutic potential on measures of AI, AWR and AHR, when intranasally delivered to a preclinical rodent model of chronic AAD and TGF-β1-stimulated collagen gel contraction from asthma patient-derived myofibroblasts. NP-RLX was preferentially taken-up by CD206+-infiltrating and CD68+-tissue resident alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, NP-RLX ameliorated the chronic AAD-induced AI, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), chemokines (CCL2, CCL11) and the pro-fibrotic TGF-β1/IL-1β axis on AWR and resulting AHR, as well as human myofibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction, to a similar extent as unconjugated RLX. Hence, NP-RLX represents a novel strategy for treating the central features of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Chakraborty
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita A Pinar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maggie Lam
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon G Royce
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cordelia Selomulya
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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50
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Kwon HS, Ha J, Kim JY, Park HH, Lee EH, Choi H, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Koh SH. Telmisartan Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Activating the PI3K Pathway in Neural Stem Cells Injured by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1806-1818. [PMID: 33404978 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic responses. In the present study, the effects of the ARB telmisartan on the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in neural stem cells (NSCs) were investigated, as well as their possible association with the activation of the PI3K pathway. Cultured NSCs were treated with different concentrations of telmisartan and subjected to various durations of OGD. Cell counting, lactate dehydrogenase, bromodeoxyuridine, and colony-forming unit assays were performed to measure cell viability and proliferation. In addition, the activity of intracellular signaling pathways associated with the PI3K pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome was evaluated. Telmisartan alone did not affect NSCs up to a concentration of 10 μM under normal conditions but showed toxicity at a concentration of 100 μM. Moreover, OGD reduced the viability of NSCs in a time-dependent manner. Nevertheless, treatment with telmisartan increased the viability and proliferation of OGD-injured NSCs. Furthermore, telmisartan promoted the expression of survival-related proteins and mRNA while inhibiting the expression of death-related proteins induced by OGD. In particular, telmisartan attenuated OGD-dependent expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related signaling proteins. These beneficial effects of telmisartan were blocked by a PI3K inhibitor. Together, these results indicate that telmisartan attenuated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by triggering the PI3K pathway, thereby contributing to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sung Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Jungsoon Ha
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
- GemVax & Kael Co., Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, South Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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