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Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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Kundimi S, Chinta G, Alluri KV, Golakoti T, Veeramachaneni S, Ramanathan G, Sengupta K. A Synergistic Botanical Composition Increases Resting Energy Expenditure and Reduces Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:286-295. [PMID: 38015050 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2280777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure may result in body fat gain or obesity. Increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) is an attractive strategy for managing body fat gain. The objective of the current study was to generate proof-of-concept data on a synergistic composition (LN19183) of Citrus aurantifolia fruit rind (CA) and Theobroma cacao seed (TC) extracts to increase REE and reduce body fat gain in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHOD In in vitro cell-based experiments, CA, TC, or LN19183 were tested for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) production from 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) protein expressions in LN19183-treated 3T3-L1 lysates were also tested. The 56-day in vivo study in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (age: 12-14 weeks; body weight [b.w.]: 115-197 g) contained 2 phases of 28 days each of induction and supplementation. Seven rats received a regular rodent diet (RD) over 56 days. In the induction phase, 21 rats received HFD; in the supplementation phase, the obese rats (n = 7) received either HFD alone or in concurrence with a daily oral dose of either 100 or 250 mg/kg b.w. of LN19183 for 28 days. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, LN19183 synergistically increased FGF-21 production and dose-dependently increased β3-AR and UCP-1 protein expression. In HFD-fed rats, both doses of LN19183 supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the body weight gain, total fat mass, and liver weight and increased (p < 0.05) REE. High-dose LN19183 also significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat oxidation and UCP-1 protein expression in white fat tissue and reduced liver triglyceride (TG) level. LN19183-supplemented groups substantially reduced serum TG and glucose levels compared to the HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS LN19183 reduces body fat mass and weight gain via increased REE and fat oxidation in HFD-fed obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Kundimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopichand Chinta
- Department of Medical Affairs, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Trimurtulu Golakoti
- Department of Phytochemistry, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Guru Ramanathan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krishanu Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mamun MAA, Rakib A, Mandal M, Kumar S, Singla B, Singh UP. Polyphenols: Role in Modulating Immune Function and Obesity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38397458 PMCID: PMC10887194 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, long-used components of medicinal plants, have drawn great interest in recent years as potential therapeutic agents because of their safety, efficacy, and wide range of biological effects. Approximately 75% of the world's population still use plant-based medicinal compounds, indicating the ongoing significance of phytochemicals for human health. This study emphasizes the growing body of research investigating the anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity functions of polyphenols. The functions of polyphenols, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic acids, are distinct due to changes in chemical diversity and structural characteristics. This review methodically investigates the mechanisms by which naturally occurring polyphenols mediate obesity and metabolic function in immunomodulation. To this end, hormonal control of hunger has the potential to inhibit pro-obesity enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, the promotion of energy expenditure, and the modulation of adipocytokine production. Specifically, polyphenols affect insulin, a hormone that is essential for regulating blood sugar, and they also play a role, in part, in a complex web of factors that affect the progression of obesity. This review also explores the immunomodulatory properties of polyphenols, providing insight into their ability to improve immune function and the effects of polyphenols on gut health, improving the number of commensal bacteria, cytokine production suppression, and immune cell mediation, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Taken together, continuous studies are required to understand the prudent and precise mechanisms underlying polyphenols' therapeutic potential in obesity and immunomodulation. In the interim, this review emphasizes a holistic approach to health and promotes the consumption of a wide range of foods and drinks high in polyphenols. This review lays the groundwork for future developments, indicating that the components of polyphenols and their derivatives may provide the answer to urgent worldwide health issues. This compilation of the body of knowledge paves the way for future discoveries in the global treatment of pressing health concerns in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (M.A.A.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
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Poulios E, Koukounari S, Psara E, Vasios GK, Sakarikou C, Giaginis C. Anti-obesity Properties of Phytochemicals: Highlighting their Molecular Mechanisms against Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:25-61. [PMID: 37198988 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230517124033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic and inflammatory disease that affects more than one-third of the world's population, leading to a higher incidence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Several phytochemicals are used as flavoring and aromatic compounds, also exerting many benefits for public health. This study aims to summarize and scrutinize the beneficial effects of the most important phytochemicals against obesity. Systematic research of the current international literature was carried out in the most accurate scientific databases, e.g., Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using a set of critical and representative keywords, such as phytochemicals, obesity, metabolism, metabolic syndrome, etc. Several studies unraveled the potential positive effects of phytochemicals such as berberine, carvacrol, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, thymol, etc., against obesity and metabolic disorders. Mechanisms of action include inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, browning of the white adipose tissue, inhibition of enzymes such as lipase and amylase, suppression of inflammation, improvement of the gut microbiota, and downregulation of obesity-inducing genes. In conclusion, multiple bioactive compounds-phytochemicals exert many beneficial effects against obesity. Future molecular and clinical studies must be performed to unravel the multiple molecular mechanisms and anti-obesity activities of these naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Stergia Koukounari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Georgios K Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Christina Sakarikou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Alexatou O, Voulgaridou G, Mentzelou M, Biskanaki F, Psara E, Tsourouflis G, Lefantzis N, Dimoliani S, Apostolou T, Sampani A, Chatziprodromidou IP, Angelakou EP, Giaginis C. Childhood Mediterranean Diet Adherence Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 5:11-28. [PMID: 38247997 PMCID: PMC10801514 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at all stages of the human life, decreasing the risk of diverse disease states and improving quality of life. Over the last few years, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and especially abdominal obesity has highly increased worldwide, being associated with a higher likelihood of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at the next stages of the life during adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship of MD compliance with sociodemographic, anthropometry and lifestyle features in pre-school children aged 2-5 years old. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, which includes 5188 pre-school children from diverse regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were applied to evaluate the sociodemographic features of the enrolled children. Anthropometric parameters were measured by relevant techniques. Qualified questionnaires were utilized for assessing several lifestyle factors such as physical activity, quality of life, breastfeeding practices, MD adherence, as well as the prevalence of childhood asthma and diabetes mellitus type I. RESULTS Of the enrolled children, 41.7% showed low MD compliance and 36.4% of them indicated moderated compliance, while only 21.9% of them showed a high MD adherence. Overweight/obesity was noted in 24.2% of the assigned children, while abdominal obesity was noticed in 18.2% of them. Higher MD compliance was related with an elevated prevalence of sex (boys, p = 0.0005), Greek nationality (p = 0.0088), rural type of residence (p = 0.0099), childhood overweight/obesity (p < 0.0001) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.0001), lower childbirth weight (p < 0.0001), increased physical activity (p = 0.0041), improved quality of life (p = 0.0008), exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.0001), childhood asthma (p = 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus type 1 (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS A higher MD adherence is associated with specific sociodemographic, better anthropometric, and beneficial lifestyle factors in pre-school children. However, MD compliance remains low or moderate in the vast majority of children aged 2-5 years old. Thus, future public strategies and policies should be performed to inform parents of the potential beneficial effects of MD against obesity and related chronic diseases at the next stage of their children's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | | | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Lefantzis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Dimoliani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Sampani
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Exakousti-Petroula Angelakou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
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Yao D, Xing B, Li X, Xu ZH, Liu Q, Liu X, Wu Q, Cui YL, Fan Y, Zhao QC. Integrated UHPLC-QE/MS, transcriptomics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanisms via which Liang-Yan-Yi-Zhen-San promotes the browning of white adipose tissue. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5734. [PMID: 37822161 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Liang-Yan-Yi-Zhen-San (LYYZS), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, can promote the browning of white adipose tissue. In this study, we sought to determine which active ingredients of LYYZS mediated its effects on the browning of white adipose tissue. Employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometry, a total of 52 LYYZS ingredients were identified. On this basis, 1,560 ingredient-related targets of LYYZS were screened using the HERB databases. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing analysis of the inguinal white adipose tissue of mice produced a total of 3148 genes that were significantly differentially expressed following LYYZS treatment and differentially expressed genes regarded as browning-related targets. Through the network pharmacological analysis, a total of 136 intersection targets were obtained and an ingredient-target-pathway network was established. According to network pharmacology analysis, 10 ingredients containing trans-cinnamaldehyde, genistein, daidzein, calycosin, arginine, coumarin, oleic acid, isoleucine, palmitic acid and tyrosine were regarded as active ingredients of browning of white adipose tissue. Integrated evaluation using chemical analysis, transcriptomics and network pharmacology provides an efficient strategy for discovering the active ingredients involved in how LYYZS promotes the browning of white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Park SY, Park K, Kang HM, Song WC, Oh JW, Choi YW, Park G. Induction of Browning in White Adipocytes: Fucoidan Characterization and Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis from Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll Extract. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:603. [PMID: 38132924 PMCID: PMC10744554 DOI: 10.3390/md21120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed extracts and their specific polysaccharides are widely known for their ability to act as reducing and capping agents during nanoparticle synthesis. Their application is highly favored in green synthesis methods, owing to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and remarkable time and energy efficiency. In this study, fucoidan extracted from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (UPS) is introduced as a polysaccharide that effectively serves as a dual-function reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Results from various analyses indicate that AuNPs derived from UPS extract display a uniform spherical shape with an average size of 28.34 ± 1.15 nm and a zeta potential of -37.49 ± 2.13 mV, conclusively confirming the presence of Au. The FT-IR spectra distinctly revealed the characteristic fucoidan bands on the stabilized UPS-AuNPs surface. A 1H-NMR analysis provided additional confirmation by revealing the presence of specific fucoidan protons on the UPS-AuNPs surface. To comprehensively evaluate the impact of UPS extract, UPS-AuNPs, and fucoidan on the biological properties of adipocytes, a rigorous comparative analysis of lipid droplet formation and morphology was conducted. Our findings revealed that adipocytes treated with UPS extract, fucoidan, and UPS-AuNPs, in that order, exhibited a reduction in the total lipid droplet surface area, maximum Ferret diameter, and overall Nile red staining intensity when compared to mature white adipocytes. Furthermore, our analysis of the effects of UPS extracts, UPS-AuNPs, and fucoidan on the expression of key markers associated with white adipose tissue browning, such as UCP1, PGC1a, and PRDM16, demonstrated increased mRNA and protein expression levels in the following order: UPS-AuNPs > fucoidan > UPS extracts. Notably, the production of active mitochondria, which play a crucial role in enhancing energy expenditure in beige adipocytes, also increased in the following order: UPS-AuNPs > fucoidan > UPS extract. These findings underscore the pivotal role of UPS extract, fucoidan, and UPS-AuNPs in promoting adipocyte browning and subsequently enhancing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kangmin Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Mi Kang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Woo Chang Song
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.M.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (W.C.S.); (J.-W.O.)
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Meng Y, Li W, Hu C, Chen S, Li H, Bai F, Zheng L, Yuan Y, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Ginsenoside F1 administration promotes UCP1-dependent fat browning and ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Siddiqui SA, Azmy Harahap I, Suthar P, Wu YS, Ghosh N, Castro-Muñoz R. A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37835263 PMCID: PMC10572887 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Priyanka Suthar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Nibedita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Saad B. Management of Obesity-Related Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Diseases by Medicinal Plants: From Traditional Uses to Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2204. [PMID: 37626701 PMCID: PMC10452657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiac remodeling in the presence of persistent inflammation leads to myocardial fibrosis and extracellular matrix changes, which reduce cardiac function, induce arrhythmias, and finally, cause heart failure. The majority of current CVD treatment plans concentrate on reducing risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. One such strategy could be inflammation reduction. Numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical studies indicate that obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants and phytochemicals to cure and prevent obesity and inflammation. In comparison to conventional therapies, the synergistic effects of several phytochemicals boost their bioavailability and impact numerous cellular and molecular targets. Focusing on appetite, pancreatic lipase activity, thermogenesis, lipid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, apoptosis in adipocytes, and adipocyte life cycle by medicinal plants and phytochemicals represent an important goal in the development of new anti-obesity drugs. We conducted an extensive review of the literature and electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus, for collecting data on the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants/phytochemicals in curing obesity and its related inflammation and CVD diseases, including cellular and molecular mechanisms, cytokines, signal transduction cascades, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Saad
- Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baqa Algharbiya 30100, Israel; or
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Arab American University, Jenin P203, Palestine
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Dai Z, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Li S, Suonan Z, Sun Y, Ji J, Shen Q, Zheng H, Xue Y. Targeted delivery of nutraceuticals derived from food for the treatment of obesity and its related complications. Food Chem 2023; 418:135980. [PMID: 36989644 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals which are abundant in foods have attracted much attention due to their bioactive activities of anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, the poor bioavailability severely undermines their envisioned benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop suitable delivery systems to promote the benefits of their biological activity. Targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is a novel drug delivery system that can selectively concentrate drugs on targets in the body, improve the bioavailability of agents and reduce side effects. This emerging drug delivery system provides a new strategy for the treatment of obesity with nutraceuticals and would be a promising alternative to be widely used in the food field. This review summarizes the recent studies on the application in the targeted delivery of nutraceuticals for treating obesity and its related complications, especially the available receptors and their corresponding ligands for TDDS and the evaluation methods of the targeting ability.
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Özyalçın B, Sanlier N. Antiobesity pathways of pterostilbene and resveratrol: a comprehensive insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37486219 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2238319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
It may not always be possible for obese individuals to limit energy intake or to provide and/or maintain greater energy expenditure through exercise and physical activity. Therefore, the search for effective methods for obesity continues. Recently, the anti-obesity effect of stilbenes has attracted attention. In this review, aim was evaluating the effect of pterostilbene and resveratrol against obesity and the possible mechanisms in this effect. Dietary phytochemicals can induce body weight loss by increasing basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis and/or altering lipid metabolism. Stilbenes are products of the plant phenylpropanoid pathway. Very important mechanisms for the anti-obesity impact belonging to resveratrol as well as pterostilbene include thermogenic activation in brown adipose tissue alongside the browning of white adipose tissue. Considering nutrition and dietary habits, which have an important place in lifestyle changes for both the prevention and the treatment of obesity, pterostilbene and resveratrol, which are polyphenols and stilbenes, are seen as promising. However, optimal dose, duration, mechanism, long-term safety, side effects, combination, elucidation of genomic interactions, and lifestyle modifications should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Özyalçın
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Cheng S, Ni X, Yao Y, Sun Y, Yu X, Xia D, Yang Z, Hu MG, Hou X. Hyperoside prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by increasing white fat browning and lipophagy via CDK6-TFEB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116259. [PMID: 36781055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L. (genus Hypericum, family Hypericaceae) is a flowering plant native to Europe, North Africa and Asia, which can be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorder, cardiothoracic depression and diabetes. Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (genus Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, family Rosaceae) was another traditional Chinese medicine for treating hyperlipidemia. Hyperoside (Hype), a major flavonoid glycoside component of Hypericum perforatum L. and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, possesses multiple physiological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the role of Hype on obesity and related metabolic diseases still needs to be further investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY We explored the effect of Hype on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its metabolic regulation on white fat tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to vehicle (0.5% methycellulose) and Hype (80 mg/kg/day by gavage) group under a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 8 weeks. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and primary stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Hype regulation on adipocyte energy metabolism. RESULTS Hype treatment in vivo promotes UCP1-dependent white to beige fat transition, increases glucose and lipid metabolism, and resists HFD-induced obesity. Meanwhile, Hype induces lipophagy, a specific autophagy that facilitates the breakdown of lipid droplets, and blocking autophagy partially reduces UCP1 expression. Mechanistically, Hype inhibited CDK6, leading to the increased nuclear translocation of TFEB, while overexpression of CDK6 partially reversed the enhancement of UCP1 by Hype. CONCLUSIONS Hype protects mice from HFD-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure of white fat tissue via CDK6-TFEB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Xintao Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yanjing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Li X, Yao Y, Yu C, Wei T, Xi Q, Li J, Chen F, Deng ZY, Luo T. Modulation of PPARα-thermogenesis gut microbiota interactions in obese mice administrated with zingerone. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3065-3076. [PMID: 36424723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to uncover the potential effects of zingerone (ZIN), one of the bioactive compounds in ginger, on the development of obesity as well as the mechanisms responsible for these effects in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) zingerone for 16 weeks significantly reduced the final body weight, liver weight, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight without changing the food intake of the mice when compared with the HFD group. The hyperlipidemia of HFD-fed mice was ameliorated after zingerone administration, including decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level. The lipid content in liver was lower and the adipocyte size in eWAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was smaller in HFD + ZIN-fed mice compared with HFD group. Zingerone also binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) with an optimal docking energy of -7.31 kJ/mol. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPAR which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, were significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after zingerone administration, in comparison with HFD fed mice. Zingerone intake also restructured the community composition of gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased, and the relative abundance of Akkermansia_mucinphila was increased. CONCLUSION Zingerone can attenuate obesity and related symptoms in HFD-fed mice, probably through the modulation of PPARα-thermogenesis-gut microbiota interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yexuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Xi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Ke S, Hu Q, Zhu G, Li L, Sun X, Cheng H, Li L, Yao Y, Li H. Remodeling of white adipose tissue microenvironment against obesity by phytochemicals. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36786412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a kind of chronic disease due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the number of obese people around the world has soared, and obesity problem should not be underestimated. Obesity is characterized by changes in the adipose microenvironment, mainly manifested as hypertrophy, chronic inflammatory status, hypoxia, and fibrosis, thus contributing to the pathological changes of other tissues. A plethora of phytochemicals have been found to improve adipose microenvironment, thus prevent and resist obesity, providing a new research direction for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. This paper discusses remodeling of the adipose tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic avenue and reviews the progress of phytochemicals in fighting obesity by improving the adipose microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyao Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Sun
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Cheng MH, Zheng WY, Zhang QQ, Liu Z, Chen JF, Atta M, Qin H. Sesamol promotes browning of white adipocytes through liver-adipose crosstalk signal of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109278. [PMID: 36739097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol (SEM), a lignan from sesame oil, exhibited potential benefits on obesity treatment by promoting browning of adipocytes, and the current study is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of SEM from the aspect of systemic liver-adipose crosstalk that mediated by hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Our in vivo data showed that SEM induced energy expenditure and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning by increasing the expression level of uncoupling protein-1 in high fat diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Elevated levels of circulating FGF21 associated with the increased expression of hepatic FGF21 were observed after SEM intervention. Simultaneously, the increased adipose fibroblast growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor 1/beta-klotho indicated that FGF21 sensitivity was enhanced by SEM in WAT. Furthermore, our in vitro results from HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cell lines confirmed the effects and revealed the mechanism of SEM on the white adipocytes browning. We found that with the specific inhibitors of PPARα, the SEM-mediated hepatic FGF21 expression was decreased, and with the specific inhibitors of PPARγ, the browning effect of adipocytes by SEM combining with FGF21 was significantly suppressed. Taken together, the mechanism of SEM for inducing the WAT browning might be the modulation of SEM on liver-adipose crosstalk mediated by FGF21, and the PPARs family might be the targets of SEM. The novel findings from the present study provided evidence that SEM could be a potent obesity-treating compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Cheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ya Zheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Fang Chen
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mahnoor Atta
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Xiao Y, Xiao L, Li M, Liu S, Wang Y, Huang L, Liu S, Jiang T, Zhou L, Li Y. Perillartine protects against metabolic associated fatty liver in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:961-977. [PMID: 36541423 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the world, but there is still no effective treatment. In the search for drugs to treat liver steatosis, we screened 303 natural products using HepG2 cells and discovered that perillartine derived from Perilla frutescens (L.) improved fat deposition as well as glucose homeostasis in hepatocytes. In vitro, perillartine reduced the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, lipid transport, and gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes, increased the number of mitochondria, and upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt. In vivo, perillartine reduced body weight gain and the fat rate, improved glucose metabolism and energy balance, and altered the gut microbial composition in mice given a high-fat diet. In addition, RORγ was identified as a possible target of perillartine through pharmacophore screening. Functional studies revealed that the overexpression of RORγ blocked the effects of perillartine, suggesting that it reduced lipid accumulation and regulated glucose metabolism by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of RORγ. Our results provide new information on a natural product inhibitor for RORγ and reveal that perillartine is a new candidate for the treatment of obesity and metabolic associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Lianggui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Songsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
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18
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Rodríguez IA, Serafini M, Alves IA, Lang KL, Silva FRMB, Aragón DM. Natural Products as Outstanding Alternatives in Diabetes Mellitus: A Patent Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:85. [PMID: 36678714 PMCID: PMC9867152 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome that can be considered a growing health problem in the world. High blood glucose levels are one of the most notable clinical signs. Currently, new therapeutic alternatives have been tackled from clinicians' and scientists' points of view. Natural products are considered a promising source, due to the huge diversity of metabolites with pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, this review aimed to uncover the latest advances in this field as a potential alternative to the current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DM. This purpose is achieved after a patent review, using the Espacenet database of the European Patent Office (EPO) (2016-2022). Final screening allowed us to investigate 19 patents, their components, and several technology strategies in DM. Plants, seaweeds, fungi, and minerals were used as raw materials in the patents. Additionally, metabolites such as tannins, organic acids, polyphenols, terpenes, and flavonoids were found to be related to the potential activity in DM. Moreover, the cellular transportation of active ingredients and solid forms with special drug delivery profiles is also considered a pharmaceutical technology strategy that can improve their safety and efficacy. From this perspective, natural products can be a promissory source to obtain new drugs for DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Andrea Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110321, D.C., Colombia
| | - Mairim Serafini
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Karen Luise Lang
- Departamento de Farmácia, Campus Governador Valadares, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica—Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110321, D.C., Colombia
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19
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Wang Y, Li T, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu L, Zhang X, Yang X. Heimao tea polysaccharides ameliorate obesity by enhancing gut microbiota-dependent adipocytes thermogenesis in mice fed with high fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:13014-13027. [PMID: 36449351 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heimao tea (HMT) is a kind of fermented dark tea that has various health benefits. However, the available information regarding the anti-obesity effect of HMT and its active ingredients is still limited. Herein, we extracted the polysaccharides from Heimao tea (HMTP) and evaluated the anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanism of HMTP. 12-Week administration of HMTP ameliorated lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue and improved glucolipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HMTP also induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and enhanced the thermogenic activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) by upregulating the expression of a series of thermogenic genes, such as Ucp1, Prdm16, and Pgc1α. Interestingly, the anti-obesity effect of HMTP was closely associated with altered relative abundance of the gut microbes, especially Dubosiella and Romboutsia, with significant increases, in which the abundance of Dubosiella and Romboutsia was negatively correlated with the body weight (r = -0.567, p < 0.05; r = -0.407, p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the iBAT index (r = 0.520, p < 0.05; r = 0.315, p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the alteration of the gut microbiota may play a critical role in HMTP-induced iWAT browning and iBAT activation, and our findings may provide a promising way for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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20
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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21
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Li X, Wei T, Li J, Yuan Y, Wu M, Chen F, Deng ZY, Luo T. Tyrosol Ameliorates the Symptoms of Obesity, Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis, and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in HFD Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101015. [PMID: 35385199 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tyrosol is one of the main polyphenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its role in combating obesity is unknown. Thus, this study is designed to investigate the effect of tyrosol consumption on obesity and its underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After supplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) tyrosol for 16 weeks, the final body weight, and the levels of plasma triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting glucose are significantly decreased when compared with HFD group. Furthermore, tyrosol may act as a ligand which binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2), PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPARα which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, are significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after tyrosol administration. In addition, tyrosol changes the community composition of gut microbiota, including decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and increasing the relative abundance of family muribaculaceae, genus Blautia and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_28_4. CONCLUSION Tyrosol consumption attenuates obesity and related symptoms in HFD-fed mice probably via the modulation of PPARα-thermogenesis and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jingfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
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Extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf Induces Browning of Mouse and Human White Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071028. [PMID: 35407115 PMCID: PMC8998140 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning of adipocytes using herbal extracts is an attractive and realistic strategy for obesity treatment. Ephedra sinica Stapf (E. sinica) is an Asian traditional medicine known to activate brown adipocytes. To evaluate the effect of E. sinica (EEs) on the browning of white adipocytes, expression levels of browning markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), were determined using qPCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry after mature mouse inguinal preadipocyte (mIPA) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were treated with EEs. In addition, mitochondrial activity was determined by analyzing MitoTracker staining, mtDNA copy number, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Treatment with EEs suppressed lipid accumulation and expression levels of adipogenic markers, including Pparg, during mIPA differentiation. In mature mIPA and hADSCs browning markers, including Ucp1, were up-regulated by EEs. In addition, EEs increased expression of mitochondrial genes, mtDNA copy number, and OCR. EEs showed a dual function: inhibiting adipogenesis in immature preadipocytes, and promoting thermogenesis via browning in mature white adipocytes. Therefore, E. sinica is a potential herb for regulating energy metabolism by inducing the browning process.
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Three in One: The Potential of Brassica By-Products against Economic Waste, Environmental Hazard, and Metabolic Disruption in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124194. [PMID: 34959745 PMCID: PMC8708897 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of waste is generated within the different steps of the food supply chain, representing a significant loss of natural resources, plant material, and economic value for producers and consumers. During harvesting and processing, many parts of edible plants are not sold for consumption and end up as massive waste, adding environmental hazards to the list of concerns regarding food wastage. Examples are Brassica oleracea var. Italica (broccoli) by-products, which represent 75% of the plant mass. A growing concern in the Western world is obesity, which results from incorrect lifestyles and comprises an extensive array of co-morbidities. Several studies have linked these co-morbidities to increased oxidative stress; thus, naturally occurring and readily available antioxidant compounds are an attractive way to mitigate metabolic diseases. The idea of by-products selected for their biomedical value is not novel. However, there is innovation underlying the use of Brassica by-products in the context of obesity. For this reason, Brassica by-products are prime candidates to be used in the treatment of obesity due to its bioactive compounds, such as sulforaphane, which possess antioxidant activity. Here, we review the economic and health potential of Brassica bioactive compounds in the context of obesity.
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Wang Y, Zhao A, Du H, Liu Y, Qi B, Yang X. Theabrownin from Fu Brick Tea Exhibits the Thermogenic Function of Adipocytes in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11900-11911. [PMID: 34581185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored whether the antiobesity effect of theabrownin (TB) extracted from Fu brick tea (FBT) was associated with the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or browning of the white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were divided into five groups, which received a normal diet, HFD, or HFD plus TB (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg), respectively. A 12-week administration of TB in a dose-dependent manner reduced the body weight and WAT weight and improved lipid and glucose disorders in the HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). TB also promoted the expression of thermogenic and mitochondrial genes, whereas inflammation genes were reduced in interscapular BAT (iBAT), inguinal WAT (iWAT), and epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT), accompanied by improvement in the intestinal homeostasis by improving SCFAs, especially butyric acid levels (p < 0.05), which was related to thermogenic and inflammatory factors of iBAT and iWAT. Mechanistically, TB was shown to efficiently promote thermogenesis by stimulating the AMPK-PGC1α pathway with an increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Conclusively, these findings suggest that long-term consumption of TB can enhance BAT activity and WAT browning by activating the AMPK-PGC1α pathway and modulating SCFAs; meanwhile, SCFAs regulating TB improved inflammatory disorder in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Aiqing Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bangran Qi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Simal-Gandara J, Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. Promising Protective Effects of Chrysin in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:458-470. [PMID: 34636295 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211005113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) have a great burden in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vicious cycle of CMD consists of type II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and atherosclerosis interacting and feedbacking each other. The natural flavonoid chrysin has been displayed to own a broad spectrum of therapeutic impacts for human health. Herein, we did an in-depth investigation of the novel mechanisms of chrysin's cardioprotection against cardiometabolic disorder. Studies have shown that chrysin protects the cardiovascular system by enhancing the intrinsic antioxidative defense system. This antioxidant boost by chrysin protects against several risk factors of cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation and dysfunction, platelet aggregation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiotoxicity, myocardial infarction, injury and remodeling, diabetes-induced injuries, and obesity. Chrysin also exhibited anti-inflammatory mechanisms through inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3k/Akt. Furthermore, chrysin modulated NO pathway, RAS system, AGE/RAGE pathway, PPARs pathway which contributed to the risk factors of cardiometabolic disorders. Taken together, the mechanisms in which chrysin protects against cardiometabolic disorder are more than merely antioxidation and anti-inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381. Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019. United States
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand. Iran
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense. Spain
| | - Dalia M Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas. Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas. Lithuania
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur. Iran
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Gupta S, Mishra T, Varshney S, Kushawaha V, Khandelwal N, Rai P, Garg R, Dev K, Gupta A, Kumar D, Balaramnavar VM, Arya KR, Gayen JR, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Coelogin ameliorates metabolic dyshomeostasis by regulating adipogenesis and enhancing energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105776. [PMID: 34450319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders are heading up with an alarming rate in developing nations. One of highly sought solution for metabolic disorders is to identify natural molecule with an ability to reduce obesity and increase insulin sensitivity. Coelogin (CLN) is a phenanthrene derivative isolated from the ethanolic extract of Coelogyne cristata. In our constant efforts to identify novel anti-dyslipidemic and anti-adipogenic compounds using CFPMA (common feature pharmacophore model using known anti-adipogenic compounds) model, predicted possible anti-adipogenic activity of CLN. In vitro results showed significant inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cell by CLN. It arrests the cell cycle in G1 phase of interphase and inhibits mitotic clonal expansion to regulate adipogenesis. CLN elicits insulin sensitizing effect in mature adipocytes. During extracellular flux assessment studies, it increases oxidative respiration and energy expenditure in adipocytes. In vivo, CLN reversed HFD-induced dyslipidemia as well as insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice. It promoted the expression of genes involved in improved mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation in eWAT. CLN restored energy expenditure and increased the capacity of energy utilization in HFD fed mice. Taken together, the study indicated beneficial effects of CLN in combating obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Vinita Kushawaha
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Nilesh Khandelwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Prashant Rai
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Ethnobotany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | | | - Kamal Ram Arya
- Ethnobotany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
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Su Z, Guo Y, Huang X, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Phytochemicals: Targeting Mitophagy to Treat Metabolic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686820. [PMID: 34414181 PMCID: PMC8369426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Due to unhealthy lifestyles such as high-calorie diet, sedentary and physical inactivity, the prevalence of metabolic disorders poses a huge challenge to global human health, which is the leading cause of global human death. Mitochondrion is the major site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and ROS production. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction-related oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the development of metabolic disorders. Mitophagy, a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial function. It is considered to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Growing evidence shows that mitophagy can prevent and treat metabolic disorders through suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In the past decade, in order to expand the range of pharmaceutical options, more and more phytochemicals have been proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. Many of these phytochemicals have been proved to activate mitophagy to ameliorate metabolic disorders. Given the ongoing epidemic of metabolic disorders, it is of great significance to explore the contribution and underlying mechanisms of mitophagy in metabolic disorders, and to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals on the treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders and discuss the potential of targeting mitophagy with phytochemicals for the treatment of metabolic disorders, with a view to providing a direction for finding phytochemicals that target mitophagy to prevent or treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Promotion of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Plant-based Dietary Components in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2147-2156. [PMID: 34265040 PMCID: PMC8634450 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promotion of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered a potential tool to combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. The use of plant-based dietary components has become one of the most used strategies for activating BAT and promoting WAT browning in rodents. The main reason is because plant-based dietary components are usually recognized as safe when the dose is properly adjusted, and they can easily be administrated by being added to the diet or dissolved in water. The present systematic review aimed to study the effects of plant-based dietary components on activation of BAT and promotion of WAT browning in rodents. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (from 1978 to 2019) identified eligible studies. Studies assessing the effects of plant-based dietary components added to diet and/or water on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in BAT and/or WAT were included. Studies that used dietary components of animal origin, did not specify the effects on UCP1, or were conducted in other species different from mice or rats were excluded. Of 3919 studies identified in the initial screening, 146 studies were finally included in the review. We found that tea extract catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin and capsinoids, cacao extract flavanols, and quercetin were the most studied components. Scientific evidence suggests that some of these dietary components activate BAT and promote WAT browning via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These findings reveal that there is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant-based dietary components to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents and thus to potentially combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. Del Conocimiento, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Mulberry leaf activates brown adipose tissue and induces browning of inguinal white adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats through regulating AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:810-822. [PMID: 33971987 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly affects human health worldwide. Activation of brown adipocytes and browning of white adipocytes are considered as a promising molecular target for T2DM treatment. Mulberry leaf, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to have multi-biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Our experimental results showed that mulberry leaf significantly alleviated the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats. In addition, mulberry leaf induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) by enhancing the expressions of brown-mark genes as well as beige-specific genes, including uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein 16 (PRDM16), cell death inducing DFFA-like effector A (Cidea), CD137 and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26). Mulberry leaf also activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expressions of brown-mark genes including UCP1, PGC-1α, PPARα, PRDM16 and Cidea. Moreover, mulberry leaf enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis in IWAT and BAT. Importantly, mulberry leaf also increased the expression of UCP1 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) proteins in both IWAT and BAT via a mechanism involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1α pathway. In conclusion, our findings identify the role of mulberry leaf in inducing adipose browning, indicating that mulberry leaf may be used as a candidate browning agent for the treatment of T2DM.
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Lin YK, Chung YM, Yang HT, Lin YH, Lin YH, Hu WC, Chiang CF. The potential of immature poken ( Citrus reticulata) extract in the weight management, lipid and glucose metabolism. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:279-285. [PMID: 33962504 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity was increasing globally, with nearly half a billion of the world's population now considered to be overweight or obese. The immature poken (Citrus reticulata) was a good source of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which may exert an anti-obesity effect. However, the current efficacy in clinical trials was still unclear. Thus, the object of this study was to explore whether immature poken had an anti-obesity effect in the clinical trial. METHODS In this study, we identified nine major compounds from immature poken extract (IPE), and most compounds significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in adipocytes. In addition, 20 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 or body fat > 30 were recruited and randomly allocated to placebo and experimental (IPE) groups for 6 week intervention and 2 week follow-up. RESULTS In comparison with the baseline results (week 0), the body weight, body fat, and waist circumference at week 6 in the IPE group were significantly decreased by 1.49 kg, 0.33%, 2.1 cm. Moreover, in blood biochemical analysis, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin levels at week 6 in IPE group were also decreased by 3.6, 4.6, 2.1 (mg/dL), and 2.9 (μU/mL), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The finding showed that immature poken had important roles in fat metabolism by suppressing adipogenesis, and immature poken may provide new weight loss strategies for obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kai Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chung
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hao Lin
- Global Business Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chun Hu
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
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Neyrinck AM, Sánchez CR, Rodriguez J, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Prebiotic Effect of Berberine and Curcumin Is Associated with the Improvement of Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051436. [PMID: 33923174 PMCID: PMC8145536 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine and curcumin, used as food additives or food supplements, possess interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We tested the potential protective effect of both phytochemicals in genetically obese mice and we determined whether these effects can be related to the modulation of gut functions and microbiota. Ob/ob mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with or without 0.1% berberine and/or 0.3% curcumin for 4 weeks. By using targeted qPCR, we found that cecal content of Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp. increased mainly upon berberine supplementation. Genes involved in innate immunity (Pla2g2a), mucus production (Muc2) and satietogenic peptide production (Gcg and Pyy) were upregulated in the colon of mice treated with both phytochemicals. Berberine supplementation alone reduced food intake, body weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, thus lessening hepatic injury. The increase in Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp. was correlated with the improvement of gut barrier function and with the improvement of hepatic inflammatory and oxidative stresses in obese mice. These data support the fact that non-carbohydrate phytochemicals may modulate the gut microbiota in obesity and related gut and hepatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Cándido Robles Sánchez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.N.); (C.R.S.); (J.R.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Curcumin Nanoemulsions Stabilized with MAG and DAG-MCFAs in a Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040509. [PMID: 33917706 PMCID: PMC8068171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current changes in diet, characterized by an increase in the intake of sweetened beverages, are heavily related to metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver. This condition can produce simple steatosis and, in worse cases, potentially result in steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, comparable to the damage caused by the consumption of more or less 20–30 g of alcohol per day. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (Curcuma longa) nanoemulsions, using mono- and diacylglycerides medium chain fatty acids as stabilizers in an in vivo hepatic steatosis rat model. Pathology was induced by providing 30% fructose intake in the drinking water. Globule sizes under 200 nm that were stable for 4 weeks were obtained; curcumin encapsulated in the nanoemulsion was >70%. The results revealed an improvement regarding body and liver weight in the animals treated with curcumin nanoemulsions. A decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, AST/ALT, and HDL in serum was observed; however, no apparent improvement regarding serum glucose or triacylglycerides values was noted. Histological analysis showed a significant decrease in the extent of steatosis, inflammation, and brown adipose tissue in the treated animals.
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Sudeep HV, Shyam Prasad K. Supplementation of green coffee bean extract in healthy overweight subjects increases lean mass/fat mass ratio: A randomized, double-blind clinical study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211002590. [PMID: 33796302 PMCID: PMC7983441 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we have demonstrated that supplementation of a complex of chlorogenic acid isomers (CGA-7TM) could significantly mitigate the risk of obesity in healthy overweight subjects. Method In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, healthy overweight (body mass index ⩾ 25 to <30 kg/m2) male and female subjects (N = 71) were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg CGA-7 or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Changes in body weight and body mass index were recorded alongside vital signs and anthropometric measurements at week 4, 8 and 12. Body composition was assessed at baseline and the end of treatment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Safety analysis included serum biochemical and haematological assessments and measurement of vital signs. In addition, any adverse or serious adverse events were recorded during the study. Results Sixty subjects completed the study. Mean body weight and body mass index were significantly reduced in CGA-7 group as compared to placebo (p < 0.001). CGA-7 group showed significant changes in body fat (%), fat mass and lean mass in comparison with placebo group (1.38% ± 1.4% vs -0.22% ± 0.86%, 1.97 ± 1.44 kg vs -0.39 ± 1.31 kg; 0.81 ± 1.20 kg vs -0.13 ± 0.97 kg, p < 0.001). Consumption of CGA-7 significantly improved the serum lipid profile. Importantly, CGA-7 consumption in humans had no adverse effects and was well tolerated during the study. The blood biochemical and haematological parameters marginally varied in the treatment groups throughout the study. Conclusion To conclude, this study provides scientific validation of the functionality of green coffee bean extract and recommends the safety of the supplementation in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Sudeep
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - K Shyam Prasad
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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EGCG Inhibits Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Adipocytes and Prevents a STAT3-Mediated Paracrine Oncogenic Control of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Invasive Phenotype. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061506. [PMID: 33801973 PMCID: PMC7998295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese subjects have an increased risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part associated with the chronic low-grade inflammation state. On the other hand, epidemiological data indicates that increased consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables plays a key role in reducing incidence of some cancer types. Here, we tested whether green tea-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could alter adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes, and how this impacts the secretome profile and paracrine regulation of the TNBC invasive phenotype. Here, cell differentiation was performed and conditioned media (CM) from preadipocytes and mature adipocytes harvested. Human TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 real-time cell migration was performed using the exCELLigence system. Differential gene arrays and RT-qPCR were used to assess gene expression levels. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression and phosphorylation status levels. In vitro vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was assessed with Matrigel. EGCG was found to inhibit the induction of key adipogenic biomarkers, including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, leptin, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid binding protein 4. Increased TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell chemotaxis and vasculogenic mimicry were observed in response to mature adipocytes secretome, and this was correlated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation status. This invasive phenotype was prevented by EGCG, the JAK/STAT inhibitors Tofacitinib and AG490, as well as upon STAT3 gene silencing. In conclusion, dietary catechin-mediated interventions could, in part through the inhibition of adipogenesis and modulation of adipocytes secretome profile, prevent the onset of an obesogenic environment that favors TNBC development.
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Li H, Wang C, Li L, Li L. Skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis as an attractive strategy to combat obesity. Life Sci 2021; 269:119024. [PMID: 33450257 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease derived from disequilibrium between energy intake and energy expenditure and evolving as a challenging epidemiological disease in the 21st century. It is urgently necessary to solve this issue by searching for effective strategies and safe drugs. Skeletal muscle could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated complications due to non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) function. Skeletal muscle NST is based dominantly on futile sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump cycling that leads to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and heat production. This review will highlight the mechanisms of skeletal muscle NST, including SLN mediated SERCA pump futile cycling, SR-mitochondrial crosstalk and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and thermogenesis induced by uncoupling proteins 3 (UCP3). We then summarize natural products targeting the pathogenesis of obesity via skeletal muscle NST, offering new insights into pharmacotherapy and potential drug candidates to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven 06520, USA.
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317306, PR China
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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Duan YN, Ge X, Jiang HW, Zhang HJ, Zhao Y, Li JL, Zhang W, Li JY. Diphyllin Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Through Brown and Beige Adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:592818. [PMID: 33424769 PMCID: PMC7793827 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.592818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue dissipate metabolic energy and mediate nonshivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing the browning of BAT and beige adipose tissue is expected to be a promising strategy for combatting obesity. Through phenotype screening of C3H10-T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, diphyllin was identified as a promising molecule in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation. In vitro studies revealed that diphyllin promoted C3H10-T1/2 cell and primary brown/beige preadipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis, which resulted increased energy consumption. We synthesized the compound and evaluated its effect on metabolism in vivo. Chronic experiments revealed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 100 mg/kg diphyllin had ameliorated oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight and fat content ratio. Adaptive thermogenesis in HFD-fed mice under cold stimulation and whole-body energy expenditure were augmented after chronic diphyllin treatment. Diphyllin may be involved in regulating the development of brown and beige adipocytes by inhibiting V-ATPase and reducing intracellular autophagy. This study provides new clues for the discovery of anti-obesity molecules from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Duan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao-Wen Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Kay Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Niu N, Xing H, Wang X, Ding J, Hao Z, Ren C, Ba J, Zheng L, Fu C, Zhao H, Huo L. Comparative [ 18F]FDG and [ 18F]DPA714 PET imaging and time-dependent changes of brown adipose tissue in tumour-bearing mice. Adipocyte 2020; 9:542-549. [PMID: 32902340 PMCID: PMC7714432 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in monitoring energy homeostasis and cancer cachexia. Different from white adipose tissue, BAT is characterized by the presence of a large number of mitochondria in adipocytes. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a critical transporter, is expressed in the outer membrane of mitochondria. We speculated that [18F]DPA714, a specific TSPO tracer, may monitor BAT activity in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. We first analyzed the radioactive uptake of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in BAT of CT26 xenograft mice with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [18F]DPA714. We also studied the BAT uptake of [18F]DPA714 in CT26, A549 and LLC tumor models. The dynamic distribution of [18F]FDG is quite variable among animals, even in mice of the same tumor model (%ID/g-mean: mean ± SDM, 8.61 ± 8.90, n = 16). Contrarily, [18F]DPA714 produced high-quality and stable BAT imaging in different tumor models and different animals of the same model. Interestingly, %ID/g-mean of [18F]DPA714 in BAT was significantly higher on day 26 than that on day 7 in CT26 xenograft model. Taken together, these results strongly indicate the potential feasibility of [18F]DPA714 PET imaging in investigating BAT and energy metabolism during tumor progression in preclinical and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Niu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haiqun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Ba
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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Anti-adipogenicadamantane type polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum subsessile. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104755. [PMID: 33069835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypersubones D-H (1-5), five new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) type metabolites with intriguing adamantane and homo-adamantane skeletons, were characterized from aerial parts of Hypericum subsessile. Compounds 1-2 were elucidated to share an adamantane core with 28,29-expoxide moiety, while 3-5 were homo-adamantane type PPAPs sharing a1,2-dioxepane ring system. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data.The anti-adipogenesis activities of these isolates were evaluated through employing 3T3-L1 cells as an in vitro system using oil red O staining, and compounds 1, 2 and 5 were able to significant inhibit the adipocyte differentiation, which implied that these compounds possessed anti-adipogenic activity.
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Kim M, Im S, Cho YK, Choi C, Son Y, Kwon D, Jung YS, Lee YH. Anti-Obesity Effects of Soybean Embryo Extract and Enzymatically-Modified Isoquercitrin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1394. [PMID: 33008006 PMCID: PMC7601939 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are bioactive phytoestrogens with known health benefits. Soybean embryo extract (SEE) has been consumed as a source of isoflavones, mainly daidzein, glycitein, and genistein. While previous studies have reported the anti-obesity effects of SEE, this study investigates their molecular mechanisms and the synergistic effects of co-treatment with SEE and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ). SEE upregulated genes involved in lipolysis and brown adipocyte markers and increased mitochondrial content in differentiated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes in vitro. Next, we use a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model to determine the anti-obesity effect of SEE. Two weeks of single or combined treatment with SEE and EMIQ significantly reduced body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, SEE treatment increased mitochondrial content and upregulated genes involved in lipolysis in adipose tissue through the cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling pathway. These effects required a cytosolic lipase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression, confirmed by an adipocyte-specific ATGL knockout mouse study. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SEE exerts anti-obesity effects through the activation of adipose tissue metabolism and exhibits a synergistic effect of co-treatment with EMIQ. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effects of SEE related to adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Seowoo Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoon keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.I.); (Y.k.C.); (C.C.); (Y.S.)
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mangiferin induces the expression of a thermogenic signature via AMPK signaling during brown-adipocyte differentiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111415. [PMID: 32417366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MF) from Mangifera indica has been serendipitously found to ameliorate obesity and is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. Nonetheless, the mechanism of MF-induced brown-adipose-tissue activation has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of MF on thermogenic features during brown-adipocyte differentiation. Treatment with MF improved the expression of a brown-fat signature and of mitochondrial-mass-related genes, thus resulting in UCP1 induction. MF also raised the expression of other thermogenic regulators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), PR domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPAR-α and -γ). MF promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, judging by increased expression of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector A (CIDEA), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A (COX7A), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). MF treatment increased the mitochondrial DNA amount and improved mitochondrial respiratory function by increasing the oxygen consumption rate during brown-adipocyte differentiation. A gene knockdown assay involving small interfering RNA and competitive inhibition with dorsomorphin revealed that MF may promote thermogenesis in brown preadipocytes via activation of AMPK signaling. Collectively, our findings suggest that MF may be a novel pharmaceutical agent that can ameliorate obesity via activation of brown adipose tissue.
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Mao X, Huang D, Rao C, Du M, Liang M, Li F, Liu B, Huang K. Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1 combats obesity and related metabolic disorders by promoting adipose tissue browning. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E318-E329. [PMID: 31961704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00424.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been recognized as an important strategy for the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1 (ECH1) is a widely known enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. However, whether and how ECH1 is implicated in browning of WAT remain obscure. Adeno-associated, virus-mediated genetic engineering of ECH1 in adipose tissue was used in investigations in mouse models of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) or browning induced by cold exposure. Metabolic parameters showed that ECH1 overexpression decreased weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile after 8 wk of an HFD. Further work revealed that these changes were associated with enhanced energy expenditure and increased appearance of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal WAT, as verified by a remarkable increase in uncoupling protein 1 and thermogenic gene expression. In vitro, ECH1 induced brown fat-related gene expression in adipocytes differentiated from primary stromal vascular fractions, whereas knockdown of ECH1 reversed this effect. Mechanistically, ECH1 regulated the thermogenic program by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, which may partially explain the potential mechanism for ECH1 regulating adipose browning. In summary, ECH1 may participate in the pathology of obesity by regulating browning of WAT, which probably provides us with a new therapeutic strategy for combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoqing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Kim MJ, Huh YH, Jung CH. Withania somnifera Extract Enhances Energy Expenditure via Improving Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020431. [PMID: 32046183 PMCID: PMC7071232 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as ashwagandha, possesses diverse biological functions. WS root has mainly been used as an herbal medicine to treat anxiety and was recently reported to have an anti-obesity effect, however, the mechanisms underlying its action remain to be explored. We hypothesized that WS exerts its anti-obesity effect by enhancing energy expenditure through improving the mitochondrial function of brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.25% or 0.5% WS 70% ethanol extract (WSE) for 10 weeks. WSE (0.5%) supplementation significantly suppressed the increases in body weight and serum lipids, and lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue induced by HFD. WSE supplementation increased oxygen consumption and enhanced mitochondrial activity in brown fat and skeletal muscle in the HFD-fed mice. In addition, it promoted browning of subcutaneous fat by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Withaferin A (WFA), a major compound of WS, enhanced the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into beige adipocytes and oxygen consumption in C2C12 murine myoblasts. These results suggest that WSE ameliorates diet-induced obesity by enhancing energy expenditure via promoting mitochondrial function in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and WFA is a key regulator in this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9301; Fax: +82-63-219-9225
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Pan MH, Koh YC, Lee TL, Wang B, Chen WK, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT. Resveratrol and Oxyresveratrol Activate Thermogenesis via Different Transcriptional Coactivators in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13605-13616. [PMID: 31735033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health issue. Thermogenesis is a novel way to promote anti-obesity by consuming energy as heat rather than storing it as triacylglycerols. The browning program allows mitochondrial biosynthesis and thermogenesis-related gene expression to occur in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, which results in the formation of beige adipose tissue. Some phytochemicals have exerted the capability to activate the fat browning process. Resveratrol and oxyresveratrol are both natural stilbenoids that have been reported for their anti-obesity efficacy. However, the comparison between the two as they relate to thermogenesis as well as the differences in their underlying mechanisms are still not widely discussed. Our result reveals that both resveratrol and oxyresveratrol could elevate the expression of thermogenesis-related protein expression including UCP1 (uncoupling protein-1) and PRDM (PR domain containing 16) via Sirt1/PGC-1α (sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferation gamma coactivator-1 α) activation. However, it is suggested that the transcriptional factor PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor α) was activated by resveratrol (1.38 ± 0.07 fold) but not oxyresveratrol. Conversely, C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) was upregulated by oxyresveratrol (1.58 ± 0.05 fold) but not by resveratrol. On the other hand, CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase) was found to be significantly activated at lower concentrations of oxyresveratrol up to 1.89 ± 0.04 fold as compared to high-fat diet, and it could be a leading reason for UCP1 activation. Lastly, adiponectin expression was promoted in all experimental groups (1.53 ± 0.08 and 1.49 ± 0.11-fold in resveratrol (RES) and high oxyresveratrol (HOXY), respectively), which could be an activator for mitochondrial biosynthesis and UCP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 41354 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Lee
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , China
| | - Wen-Kang Chen
- Department of Applied Cosmetology , National Tainan Junior College of Nursing , Tainan 700 , Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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La Spina M, Galletta E, Azzolini M, Gomez Zorita S, Parrasia S, Salvalaio M, Salmaso A, Biasutto L. Browning Effects of a Chronic Pterostilbene Supplementation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215377. [PMID: 31671737 PMCID: PMC6862528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related comorbidities are a major health concern. The drugs used to treat these conditions are largely inadequate or dangerous, and a well-researched approach based on nutraceuticals would be highly useful. Pterostilbene (Pt), i.e., 3,5-dimethylresveratrol, has been reported to be effective in animal models of obesity, acting on different metabolic pathways. We investigate here its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue. Pt (5 µM) was first tested on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, and then it was administered (352 µmol/kg/day) to mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks, starting at weaning. In the cultured adipocytes, the treatment elicited a significant increase of the levels of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) protein—a key component of thermogenic, energy-dissipating beige/brown adipocytes. In vivo administration antagonized weight increase, more so in males than in females. Analysis of inguinal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) revealed a trend towards browning, with significantly increased transcription of several marker genes (Cidea, Ebf2, Pgc1α, PPARγ, Sirt1, and Tbx1) and an increase in UCP1 protein levels, which, however, did not achieve significance. Given the lack of known side effects of Pt, this study strengthens the candidacy of this natural phenol as an anti-obesity nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Galletta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Saioa Gomez Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Salmaso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Unit, CNR Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Unit, CNR Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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