1
|
Zheng X, Ma W, Wang Y, Wu C, Wang J, Ma Z, Wei Y, Cui C, Zhang S, Guan W, Chen F. Heat Stress-Induced Fetal Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is Associated with Elevated LPS Levels Along the Maternal Intestine-Placenta-Fetus Axis in Pregnant Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19592-19609. [PMID: 38018895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The exacerbation of the greenhouse effect has made heat stress (HS) an important risk factor for the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The experiment aims to uncover the effects of maternal HS on IUGR and its mechanisms. The results showed that HS leads to decreased maternal and fetal birth weights, accompanied by increased serum oxidative stress and cortisol levels. Moreover, HS inflicted significant damage to both the intestinal and placental barriers, altering maternal gut microbiota and increasing intestinal LPS levels. As a result, LPS levels increased in maternal serum, placenta, and fetus. Furthermore, HS damaged the intestinal structure, intensifying inflammation and disrupting the redox balance. The placenta exposed to HS exhibited changes in the placental structure along with disrupted angiogenesis and decreased levels of nutritional transporters. Additionally, the leakage of LPS triggered placental JNK and ERK phosphorylation, ultimately inducing severe placental inflammation and oxidative stress. This study suggests that LPS translocation from the maternal intestine to the fetus, due to a disrupted gut microbiota balance and compromised intestinal and placental barrier integrity, may be the primary cause of HS-induced IUGR. Furthermore, increased LPS leakage leads to placental inflammation, redox imbalance, and impaired nutrient transport, further restricting fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zheng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caichi Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwei Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chang Cui
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Pig Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture in Lingnan, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Pig Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture in Lingnan, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Pig Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture in Lingnan, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyu F, Burzynski C, Fang YY, Tal A, Chen AY, Kisa J, Agrawal K, Kluger Y, Taylor HS, Tal R. Maternal CXCR4 deletion results in placental defects and pregnancy loss mediated by immune dysregulation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172216. [PMID: 37815869 PMCID: PMC10721256 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a key regulator of the development of NK cells and DCs, both of which play an important role in early placental development and immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the role of CXCR4 in pregnancy is not well understood. Our study demonstrates that adult-induced global genetic CXCR4 deletion, but not uterine-specific CXCR4 deletion, was associated with increased pregnancy resorptions and decreased litter size. CXCR4-deficient mice had decreased NK cells and increased granulocytes in the decidua, along with increased leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood. We found that CXCR4-deficient mice had abnormal decidual NK cell aggregates and NK cell infiltration into trophoblast areas beyond the giant cell layer. This was associated with low NK cell expression of granzyme B, a NK cell granule effector, indicative of NK cell dysfunction. Pregnancy failure in these mice was associated with abnormalities in placental vascular development and increased placental expression of inflammatory genes. Importantly, adoptive BM transfer of WT CXCR4+ BM cells into CXCR4-deficient mice rescued the reproductive deficits by normalizing NK cell function and mediating normal placental vascular development. Collectively, our study found an important role for maternal CXCR4 expression in immune cell function, placental development, and pregnancy maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Chase Burzynski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Yuan yuan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Alice Y. Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Jacqueline Kisa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Kriti Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program of Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program of Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reynolds LP, Dahlen CR, Ward AK, Crouse MS, Borowicz PP, Davila-Ruiz BJ, Kanjanaruch C, Bochantin KA, McLean KJ, McCarthy KL, Menezes ACB, Diniz WJS, Cushman RA, Caton JS. Role of the placenta in developmental programming: Observations from models using large animals. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 257:107322. [PMID: 37696224 PMCID: PMC10591737 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental programming, which proposes that "insults" or "stressors" during intrauterine or postnatal development can have not only immediate but also long-term consequences for healthy and productivity, has emerged as a major biological principle, and based on studies in many animal species also seems to be a universal phenomenon. In eutherians, the placenta appears to be programmed during its development, which has consequences for fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy, and likewise has long-term consequences for postnatal development, leading to programming of organ function of the offspring even into adulthood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the placenta's role in developmental programming, the mechanisms involved, and the challenges remaining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L P Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - C R Dahlen
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - A K Ward
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - M S Crouse
- Nutrition, Growth, and Physiology Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
| | - P P Borowicz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - B J Davila-Ruiz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - C Kanjanaruch
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - K A Bochantin
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - K J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-4500, USA
| | - K L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - A C B Menezes
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - W J S Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - R A Cushman
- Nutrition, Growth, and Physiology Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
| | - J S Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharawy HA, Hegab AO, Mostagir A, Adlan F, Bazer FW, Elmetwally MA. Expression of genes for transport of water and angiogenesis, as well as biochemical biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows during the ovsynch program. Theriogenology 2023; 208:52-59. [PMID: 37315443 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in expression of genes associated with angiogenesis and transport of water by cells, as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined at specific times during the ovsynch protocol to synchronize estrus and breed Holstein dairy cows. Blood samples were taken from 82 lactating Holstein cows at the time of the 1st GnRH injection (G1), 7 days later at the time of the PGF2a (PG) injection, and 48 h after the PGF2a treatment when the second injection of GnRH was administered (G2). The serum was analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS3), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and AQP4 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed. The number of copies of each of the mRNAs was quantified using qPCR. Pregnancy status was determining at 32 ± 3 days after insemination using an ultrasound "Sonoscape-5V″ model. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the biochemical parameters in serum to predict establishment of p The expression of MDA, GPX, and Catalase changed (P < 0·05) between G1, PG and G2 phases of the ovsynch protocol with higher levels at PG than at G1 and G2. The highest levels of NO were detected at G2. The ROC analyses identified NO, TAC and CAT as the most sensitive and specific biomarker for pregnancy with areas under the curve being 0.875 (P < 0.0001), 0.843 (P < 0.03), 0.833 (P < 0.017), sensitivity being 75.3, 42.86, and 26.27%, and specificity being 90, 90 and 85% respectively. The expression for VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS3, AQP3, and AQP4 mRNAs was upregulated at PG compared to G1 and G2 phases of the ovsynch protocol. The results suggest that following the first injection of GnRH, there is an increase in expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, eNOS3, AQP3, and AQP4 mRNAs by the time of the PGF2a injection and then expression decreased. Further, ROC analyses identified increases in NO, TAC and CAT as the most sensitive and specific biomarkers with the greatest potential to predict establishment of pregnancy in Holstein cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Sharawy
- Departments of Theriogenology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - AbdelRaouf O Hegab
- Departments of Theriogenology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Mostagir
- Departments of Theriogenology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Clinical Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adlan
- Departments of Theriogenology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Clinical Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Departments of Theriogenology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Center for Reproductive Biotechnology, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Clinical Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leal-Silva T, Souza MR, Cruz LL, Moraes-Souza RQ, Paula VG, Soares TS, Dela Justina V, Giachini FR, Damasceno DC, Américo MF, Volpato GT. Toxicological effects of the Morinda citrifolia L. fruit extract on maternal reproduction and fetal development in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:609-615. [PMID: 35502509 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2070197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Morinda citrifolia L., also known as Noni, is widely used plant in folk medicine for various therapeutic purposes. However, reports on its effects during pregnancy are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the M. citrifolia fruit extract on maternal performance and fetal development during pregnancy in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 12/group) were treated from gestational days (GD) 0-21 with water (control group) or the aqueous extract of M. citrifolia fruit at doses of 200, 400, or 750 mg/kg, orally. During pregnancy, clinical signs of toxicity, maternal weight, feed intake, and water consumption were noted. On GD 21, the rats were anesthetized and blood was collected to evaluate various biochemical parameters. During laparotomy, reproductive performance parameters were recorded, and fetuses were weighed and the anomalies analyzed. Reduced placental efficiency and fetal growth restriction were observed in the group treated with 400 mg/kg of M. citrifolia extract. The highest dose (750 mg/kg) augmented aspartate aminotransferase concentration and preimplantation losses, while reducing the number of live fetuses. Furthermore, both doses (400 and 750 mg/kg) of the plant extract caused fetal anomalies. In conclusion, consumption of high doses of the M. citrifolia aqueous extrac during pregnancy leads to maternal hepatotoxicity, anti-implantation effects, intrauterine growth restriction and fetal abnormalities, indicating that the plant fruit extract can be harmful to both the mother and the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Leal-Silva
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Maysa Rocha Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate Program on Gynecology Obstetrics and Mastology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes Cruz
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate Program on Gynecology Obstetrics and Mastology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate Program on Gynecology Obstetrics and Mastology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate Program on Gynecology Obstetrics and Mastology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thaigra Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Dela Justina
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate Program on Gynecology Obstetrics and Mastology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Madileine Francely Américo
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sferruzzi‐Perri AN, Lopez‐Tello J, Salazar‐Petres E. Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:371-397. [PMID: 36484327 PMCID: PMC10103877 DOI: 10.1113/ep090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? How the placenta, which transports nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, may alter its support of fetal growth developmentally and with adverse gestational conditions. What advances does it highlight? Placental formation and function alter with the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation and when there is enhanced competition for substrates in species with multiple gestations or adverse gestational environments, and this is mediated by imprinted genes, signalling pathways, mitochondria and fetal sexomes. ABSTRACT The placenta is vital for mammalian development and a key determinant of life-long health. It is the interface between the mother and fetus and is responsible for transporting the nutrients and oxygen a fetus needs to develop and grow. Alterations in placental formation and function, therefore, have consequences for fetal growth and birthweight, which in turn determine perinatal survival and risk of non-communicable diseases for the offspring in later postnatal life. However, the placenta is not a static organ. As this review summarizes, research from multiple species has demonstrated that placental formation and function alter developmentally to the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation, as well as when there is greater competition for substrates in polytocous species and monotocous species with multiple gestations. The placenta also adapts in response to the gestational environment, integrating information about the ability of the mother to provide nutrients and oxygen with the needs of the fetus in that prevailing environment. In particular, placental structure (e.g. vascularity, surface area, blood flow, diffusion distance) and transport capacity (e.g. nutrient transporter levels and activity) respond to suboptimal gestational environments, namely malnutrition, obesity, hypoxia and maternal ageing. Mechanisms mediating developmentally and environmentally induced homeostatic responses of the placenta that help support normal fetal growth include imprinted genes, signalling pathways, subcellular constituents and fetal sexomes. Identification of these placental strategies may inform the development of therapies for complicated human pregnancies and advance understanding of the pathways underlying poor fetal outcomes and their consequences for health and disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esteban Salazar‐Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo TomásValdiviaChile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal PUFAs, Placental Epigenetics, and Their Relevance to Fetal Growth and Brain Development. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:408-427. [PMID: 35676498 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 (n-3) and n-6 long-chain (LC) PUFAs, are indispensable for the fetus' brain supplied by the placenta. Despite being highly unsaturated, n-3 LCPUFA-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a protective role as an antioxidant in the brain. Deficiency of DHA during fetal development may cause irreversible damages in neurodevelopment programming. Dietary PUFAs can impact placental structure and functions by regulating early placentation processes, such as angiogenesis. They promote remodeling of uteroplacental architecture to facilitate increased blood flow and surface area for nutrient exchange. The placenta's fatty acid transfer depends on the uteroplacental vascular development, ensuring adequate maternal circulatory fatty acids transport to fulfill the fetus' rapid growth and development requirements. Maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency predominantly leads to placental epigenetic changes than other fetal developing organs. A global shift in DNA methylation possibly transmits epigenetic instability in developing fetuses due to n-3 PUFA deficiency. Thus, an optimal level of maternal omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs may protect the placenta's structural and functional integrity and allow fetal growth by controlling the aberrant placental epigenetic changes. This narrative review summarizes the recent advances and underpins the roles of maternal PUFAs on the structure and functions of the placenta and their relevance to fetal growth and brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Del'Aguila-Silva P, Dos Santos FC, Dos Santos VJC, Uscategui RAR, Padilha-Nakaghi LC, Mariano RSG, Rodriguez MGK, Amoroso L, Vicente WRR, Feliciano MAR. Doppler sonography of the umbilical and uterine arteries blood flow of pregnant Saanen goats. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20220014. [PMID: 36277482 PMCID: PMC9575386 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the blood flow of the uterine artery (UA) and umbilical artery (UMB) in the physiological pregnancy of goats by means of Doppler throughout the gestational period. Twenty-five Saanen goats weighing 55 ± 10 kg and aged between 2 and 5 were evaluated weekly, from the 21st until the 143rd day of gestation, and daily from that period until parturition. Values for peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices of the uterine and umbilical arteries were determined. The values obtained were correlated with gestational age by Spearman's test, tested for adjustment to regression models and compared with the number of fetuses by ANOVA. The umbilical cord was first visualized at 28 days. Of the variables evaluated, RIUMB and PIUMB correlated with gestational age (p<0.001; and 0.046; respectively) and RIUMB had a low negative correlation with the number of fetuses per pregnancy (p = 0.003; r- Spearman = - 0.218). PSVUMB and EDVUMB values did not correlate with gestational age (p=0.737 and 0.768, respectively), but there was a decrease in the mean values throughout pregnancy (PSVUMB= 0.07; 0.31 and EDVUMB= 0.01; 0.06) as well as the change in the flow pattern of the spectral trace. The mean values of the uterine artery dopplervelocimetric variables PSVUT, EDVUT, PIUT and RIUT did not correlate with gestational age (p= 0.324; 0.372, 0.143; 0.13; respectively). It is expected that the results obtained will contribute to a broader understanding of the hemodynamic changes resulting from pregnancy in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Del'Aguila-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Cirino Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Victor José Correia Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Sitta Gomes Mariano
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Lizandra Amoroso
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wathes DC. Developmental Programming of Fertility in Cattle-Is It a Cause for Concern? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192654. [PMID: 36230395 PMCID: PMC9558991 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle fertility remains sub-optimal despite recent improvements in genetic selection. The extent to which an individual heifer fulfils her genetic potential can be influenced by fetal programming during pregnancy. This paper reviews the evidence that a dam's age, milk yield, health, nutrition and environment during pregnancy may programme permanent structural and physiological modifications in the fetus. These can alter the morphology and body composition of the calf, postnatal growth rates, organ structure, metabolic function, endocrine function and immunity. Potentially important organs which can be affected include the ovaries, liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen and thymus. Insulin/glucose homeostasis, the somatotropic axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis can all be permanently reprogrammed by the pre-natal environment. These changes may act directly at the level of the ovary to influence fertility, but most actions are indirect. For example, calf health, the timing of puberty, the age and body structure at first calving, and the ability to balance milk production with metabolic health and fertility after calving can all have an impact on reproductive potential. Definitive experiments to quantify the extent to which any of these effects do alter fertility are particularly challenging in cattle, as individual animals and their management are both very variable and lifetime fertility takes many years to assess. Nevertheless, the evidence is compelling that the fertility of some animals is compromised by events happening before they are born. Calf phenotype at birth and their conception data as a nulliparous heifer should therefore both be assessed to avoid such animals being used as herd replacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Claire Wathes
- Department for Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reed SA, Ashley R, Silver G, Splaine C, Jones AK, Pillai SM, Peterson ML, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. Maternal nutrient restriction and over-feeding during gestation alter expression of key factors involved in placental development and vascularization. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6596678. [PMID: 35648126 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition can negatively affect fetal and placental growth and development. However, the mechanism(s) that contribute to altered placenta growth and function are not well understood. We hypothesized that poor maternal diet would impact signaling through the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12-CXCL4 axis and/or placental expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. Using our established sheep model of poor maternal nutrition, we examined the effects of restricted- and over-feeding on ewe placentome gene and protein expression. Specifically, ewes were fed a control (CON; 100%), restricted (RES; 60%), or over (OVER; 140%) diet beginning at day 30.2 ± 0.02 of gestation, and samples were collected at days 45, 90, and 135 of gestation, representing periods of active placentation, peak placental growth, and near term, respectively. Placentomes were separated into cotyledon and caruncle, and samples snap frozen. Protein was determined by western blot and mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significance determined at P ≤ 0.05. Ewes fed a RES diet had decreased CXCL12 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α protein compared with CON ewes in caruncle at day 45 (P ≤0.05). In day 45 cotyledon, CXCR7 protein was increased and mTOR was decreased in RES relative to CON (P ≤0.05). At day 90, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were reduced in RES caruncle compared with CON, whereas VEGF was reduced and mTOR increased in cotyledon of RES ewes relative to CON (P ≤0.05). In OVER caruncle, at day 45 CXCR4 and VEGF were reduced and at day 90 CXCR4, CXCR7, and TNFα were reduced in caruncle compared with CON (P ≤0.05). There was no observed effect of OVER diet on protein abundance in the cotyledon (P > 0.05). Expression of IGF-II mRNA was increased in OVER at day 45 and IGFBP-3 was reduced in RES at day 90 in caruncle relative to CON (P ≤0.05). Maternal diet did not alter placentome diameter or weight (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that restricted- and over-feeding negatively impact protein and mRNA expression of key chemokines and growth factors implicated in proper placenta development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Ashley
- Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Gail Silver
- Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Caitlyn Splaine
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Amanda K Jones
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sambhu M Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Maria L Peterson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maternal metabolizable protein restriction during gestation affects the vascular function of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. Theriogenology 2022; 185:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Rodrigues GDA, Júnior DTV, Soares MH, da Silva CB, Fialho FA, Barbosa LMDR, Neves MM, Rocha GC, Duarte MDS, Saraiva A. L-Arginine Supplementation for Nulliparous Sows during the Last Third of Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123476. [PMID: 34944251 PMCID: PMC8698042 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of L-arginine supplementation during the last third of gestation on molecular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle development of piglets and litter traits at birth. Twenty-three nulliparous sows averaging 205.37 ± 11.50 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to the following experimental treatments: control (CON), where pregnant sows were fed diets to meet their nutritional requirements; arginine (ARG), where sows where fed CON + 1.0% L-arginine. Skeletal muscle from piglets born from sows from ARG group had greater mRNA expression of MYOD (p = 0.043) and MYOG (p ≤ 0.01), and tended to present greater mRNA expression (p = 0.06) of IGF-2 gene compared to those born from CON sows. However, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in the histomorphometric variables of fetuses' skeletal muscle. The total weight of born piglets, total weight of born alive piglets, piglet weight at birth, coefficient of variation of birth weight, and the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets did not differ between groups. No stillborn piglets (p < 0.01) were verified in the ARG sows compared to CON group. The blood levels of estradiol (p = 0.035) and urea (p = 0.03) were higher in ARG sows compared to those from the CON group. In summary, our data show that arginine supplementation of nulliparous sows at late gestation enhance mRNA expression of key myogenic regulatory factors, which likely contribute to improve animal growth rates in later stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Amorim Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Henrique Soares
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brito da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abranches Fialho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Mariana Machado Neves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alysson Saraiva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ashley RL, Runyan CL, Maestas MM, Trigo E, Silver G. Inhibition of the C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and Its Receptor CXCR4 Reduces Utero-Placental Expression of the VEGF System and Increases Utero-Placental Autophagy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650687. [PMID: 34485423 PMCID: PMC8415452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta, a unique organ that only develops during pregnancy, is essential for nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange between offspring and mother. Yet, despite its importance, the placenta remains one of the least understood organs and knowledge of early placental formation is particularly limited. Abnormalities in placental development result in placental dysfunction or insufficiency whereby normal placental physiology is impaired. Placental dysfunction is a frequent source of pregnancy loss in livestock, inflicting serious economic impact to producers. Though the underlying causes of placental dysfunction are not well-characterized, initiation of disease is thought to occur during establishment of functional fetal and placental circulation. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms controlling placental growth and vascularization is necessary to improve reproductive success in livestock. We propose chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) signaling through its receptor CXCR4 functions as a chief coordinator of vascularization through direct actions on fetal trophoblast and maternal endometrial and immune cells. To investigate CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling on uteroplacental vascular remodeling at the fetal–maternal interface, we utilized a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100). On day 12 post-breeding in sheep, osmotic pumps were surgically installed and delivered either AMD3100 or saline into the uterine lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum for 14 days. On day 35 of ovine pregnancy, fetal/placental and endometrial tissues were collected, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and uterine horn cross sections were preserved for immunofluorescent analysis. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface during initial placental vascularization resulted in diminished abundance of select angiogenic factors in fetal and maternal placenta on day 35. Compared to control, less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEFG receptor 2 (KDR) were observed in endometrium when CXCL12–CXCR4 was diminished. Less VEGF was also evident in fetal placenta (cotyledons) in ewes receiving AMD3100 infusion compared to control. Suppressing CXCL12–CXCR4 at the fetal–maternal interface also resulted in greater autophagy induction in fetal and maternal placenta compared to control, suggestive of CXCL12–CXCR4 impacting cell survival. CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling may govern placental homeostasis by serving as a critical upstream mediator of vascularization and cell viability, thereby ensuring appropriate placental development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Cheyenne L Runyan
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Marlie M Maestas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Elisa Trigo
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Gail Silver
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nanas I, Barbagianni M, Dadouli K, Dovolou E, Amiridis GS. Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1329-1341. [PMID: 34324738 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Nanas
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mariana Barbagianni
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santos VJC, Rodriguez MGK, da Silva PDA, Mariano RSG, Taira AR, Padilha-Nakaghi LC, Uscategui RAR, Feliciano MAR, Oliveira MEF, Moraes PC, Vicente WRR. Assessment of dopperfluxometric indices of maternal-fetal structures in pregnant ewes. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210002. [PMID: 34276816 PMCID: PMC8276777 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood flow of the uterine artery, fetal aorta and umbilical artery in the physiological pregnancy of sheep by means of pulsed Doppler throughout the gestational period. Thirty Santa Inês ewes weighing between 45.4±4.3 kg and aged 2 to 5 years were selected. The evaluations were carried out weekly from the 3rd to the 21st gestational week. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) were obtained. Analysis of variance was performed, and the minimum significant comparison of means was obtained by the BH test with adjusted P<0.05. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error. For the fetal aorta, there was an increase in the EDV values and a decrease in the PSV and RI throughout pregnancy. For the uterine artery, PSV and EDV did not present significant variation, whereas the RI showed a reduction in the last week. Increased EDV values were found for the umbilical artery throughout pregnancy. For the PSV there was no significant difference, as the RI was reduced at the end of pregnancy. The results obtained are expected to contribute to a more complete understanding of the hemodynamic changes resulting from pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor José Correia Santos
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Priscila Del Aguila da Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Sitta Gomes Mariano
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Augusto Ryonosuke Taira
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marcus Antonio Rossi Feliciano
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Paola Castro Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Britt JL, Powell RR, McMahan C, Bruce TF, Duckett SK. The effect of ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation on the microscopic morphology and vasculature of the ovine placenta. J Histotechnol 2021; 44:173-181. [PMID: 33913402 PMCID: PMC8553796 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2021.1902670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids, a class of mycotoxins associated with ergotism, act as agonists on serotonin (5HT) receptors, specifically 5HT2a, which mediate smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of ergot alkaloid exposure during mid and late gestation on microscopic placental structure and vascular development. Ewes were fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed containing ergot alkaloids (E+/E+, 1.77 mg ewe-1 d-1) or endophyte-free tall fescue seed (E-/E-, 0 mg ergot alkaloids) during both mid (d 35 to d 85) and late gestation (d 86 to d 133). On d 133 of gestation, a terminal surgery was performed and two placentomes of the type B morphology were collected for microscopic analyses. Amorphous connective tissue regions were larger (p < 0.0001) and more numerous (p = 0.025) in the placentome of ergot alkaloid exposed ewes. Staining showed no difference (p = 0.83) in the number of vessels present, but luminal area of maternal vasculature was 117% greater (p < 0.0001) in ergot alkaloid exposed ewes. Results showed that exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation slowed maturation of the fetal villi as indicated by greater amorphous connective tissue regions, and altered size and shape of blood vessels to counteract reductions in blood flow caused by vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Britt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - R R Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - C McMahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - T F Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - S K Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bilici G, Ural C, Saçik U, Çavdar Z, Erbil G. The effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on placental Hofbauer cells of pregnant rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:126-135. [PMID: 33845696 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1912828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of maternal thyroid disorders on Hofbauer cells of both the placenta and the fetus in pregnant rats. We divided 21 rats into three groups: control group, induced hypothyroidism (hypo) group and induced hyperthyroidism (hyper) group. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil and hyperthyroidism was induced using L-thyroxine. We measured maternal weight, maternal free thyroxine, fetal weight, fetal viability and placental morphology. At the end of the experiment, fetuses of the hypo and hyper groups were less developed than those of the control group. In the hypo and hyper groups, the thickness of the labyrinth zone was decreased, but thickness of the basal zone and decidua basalis was increased. The number of Hofbauer cells was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups compared to controls. Our findings indicate that maternal thyroid disorders exert a negative effect on fetal growth and placental development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Bilici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uygar Saçik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Çavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güven Erbil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leppo KA, Collins PA, Morgado KP, Silva AC, Thomas A, Rutigliano HM. Lymphocyte soluble factors from pregnant cows modulate mRNA transcript abundances encoding for proteins associated with trophoblast growth and development. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106747. [PMID: 33838589 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether T cell populations are responsible for modulating placental development during gestation in cattle. It was hypothesized that CD4+CD25+ and γ/δ+ T cells modulate gene expression, based on mRNA transcript abundances, and promote proliferation and survival of trophoblast cells. Peripheral blood was collected from cows at 160 to 180 days of gestation and non-pregnant cows, T cell populations CD8+, CD4+, CD4+CD25+, CD24+CD25-, and γ/δ+ T cells were isolated, cultured for 48 h, and supernatant was collected. Placental samples were digested, and trophoblast cells were cultured for 24 h. Trophoblast cells were cultured with 50 μL of T cell-conditioned media and 50 μL of fresh culture media for an additional 48 h. Samples in control wells were treated with unconditioned media. Trophoblast cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA transcript assays were conducted. There was no effect of T cell population on trophoblast apoptosis rate, proliferation, and relative mRNA transcript abundances. The T cell supernatant from pregnant and non-pregnant cows induced greater apoptosis rates in trophoblast cells than unconditioned media. Trophoblast cells proliferated less when treated with T cell supernatant from pregnant compared to unconditioned medium and non-pregnant cows. Treatment with the T cell supernatant from pregnant cows resulted in larger abundances of BMP5, IGF1R, PAG10, FGF2, RSPO3 and TMED2 and also a lesser abundance of FGF2 mRNA transcript than non-pregnant group and unconditioned media treatments. Supernatant from T cell derived from pregnant cows modulates trophoblast mRNA transcript abundances differently from T cell supernatant of non-pregnant cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsy A Leppo
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Preston A Collins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kira P Morgado
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ana C Silva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Aaron Thomas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Heloisa M Rutigliano
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dini P, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, El-Sheikh Ali H, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Scoggin KE, Loynachan AT, Kalbfleisch T, De Spiegelaere W, Daels P, Ball BA. Paternally expressed retrotransposon Gag-like 1 gene, RTL1, is one of the crucial elements for placental angiogenesis in horses†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1386-1399. [PMID: 33693478 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RTL1 (retrotransposon Gag-like 1) is an essential gene in the development of the human and murine placenta. Several fetal and placental abnormalities such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hydrops conditions have been associated with altered expression of this gene. However, the function of RTL1 has not been identified. RTL1 is located on a highly conserved region in eutherian mammals. Therefore, the genetic and molecular analysis in horses could hold important implications for other species, including humans. Here, we demonstrated that RTL1 is paternally expressed and is localized within the endothelial cells of the equine (Equus caballus) chorioallantois. We developed an equine placental microvasculature primary cell culture and demonstrated that RTL1 knockdown leads to loss of the sprouting ability of these endothelial cells. We further demonstrated an association between abnormal expression of RTL1 and development of hydrallantois. Our data suggest that RTL1 may be essential for placental angiogenesis, and its abnormal expression can lead to placental insufficiency. This placental insufficiency could be the reason for IUGR and hydrops conditions reported in other species, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Dini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Udeni B R Balasuriya
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alejandro Esteller-Vico
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alan T Loynachan
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Theodore Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jung W, Yoo I, Han J, Kim M, Lee S, Cheon Y, Hong M, Jeon BY, Ka H. Expression of Caspases in the Pig Endometrium Throughout the Estrous Cycle and at the Maternal-Conceptus Interface During Pregnancy and Regulation by Steroid Hormones and Cytokines. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:641916. [PMID: 33644157 PMCID: PMC7907442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.641916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine protease enzymes, are a critical component of apoptotic cell death, but they are also involved in cellular differentiation. The expression of caspases during apoptotic processes in reproductive tissues has been shown in some species; however, the expression and regulation of caspases in the endometrium and placental tissues of pigs has not been fully understood. Therefore, we determined the expression of caspases CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, and CASP10 in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy. During the estrous cycle, the expression of all caspases and during pregnancy, the expression of CASP3, CASP6, and CASP7 in the endometrium changed in a stage-specific manner. Conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues also expressed caspases during pregnancy. CASP3, cleaved-CASP3, and CASP7 proteins were localized to endometrial cells, with increased levels in luminal and glandular epithelial cells during early pregnancy, whereas apoptotic cells in the endometrium were limited to some scattered stromal cells with increased numbers on Day 15 of pregnancy. In endometrial explant cultures, the expression of some caspases was affected by steroid hormones (estradiol-17β and/or progesterone), and the cytokines interleukin-1β and interferon-γ induced the expression of CASP3 and CASP7, respectively. These results indicate that caspases are dynamically expressed in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in response to steroid hormones and conceptus signals. Thus, caspase action could be important in regulating endometrial and placental function and epithelial cell function during the implantation period in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonchul Jung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yugeong Cheon
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Minsun Hong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Britt JL, Noorai RE, Duckett SK. Differentially expressed genes in cotyledon of ewes fed mycotoxins. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:680. [PMID: 32998709 PMCID: PMC7528493 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ergot alkaloids (E+) are mycotoxins produced by the endophytic fungus, Epichloë coenophiala, in tall fescue that are associated with ergotism in animals. Exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation reduces fetal weight and placental mass in sheep. These reductions are related to vasoconstrictive effects of ergot alkaloids and potential alterations in nutrient transport to the fetus. Cotyledon samples were obtained from eight ewes that were fed E+ (n = 4; E+/E+) or E- (endophyte-free without ergot alkaloids; n = 4; E-/E-) seed during both mid (d 35 to 85) and late (d 85-133) gestation to assess differentially expressed genes associated with ergot alkaloid induced reductions in placental mass and fetal weight, and discover potential adaptive mechanisms to alter nutrient supply to fetus. RESULTS Ewes fed E+/E+ fescue seed during both mid and late gestation had 20% reduction in fetal body weight and 33% reduction in cotyledon mass compared to controls (E-/E-). Over 13,000 genes were identified with 110 upregulated and 33 downregulated. Four genes had a |log2FC| > 5 for ewes consuming E+/E+ treatment compared to controls: LECT2, SLC22A9, APOC3, and MBL2. REViGO revealed clusters of upregulated genes associated glucose, carbohydrates, lipid, protein, macromolecular and cellular metabolism, regulation of wound healing and response to starvation. For downregulated genes, no clusters were present, but all enriched GO terms were associated with anion and monocarboxylic acid transport. The complement and coagulation cascade and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway were found to be enriched for ewes consuming E+/E+ treatment. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of ergot alkaloids during gestation altered the cotyledonary transcriptome specifically related to macronutrient metabolism, wound healing and starvation. These results show that ergot alkaloid exposure upregulates genes involved in nutrient metabolism to supply the fetus with additional substrates in attempts to rescue fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Britt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - R E Noorai
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - S K Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Identification of Pathways Associated with Placental Adaptation to Maternal Nutrient Restriction in Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091031. [PMID: 32887397 PMCID: PMC7565845 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction impairs placental growth and development, but available evidence suggests that adaptive mechanisms exist, in a subset of nutrient restricted (NR) ewes, that support normal fetal growth and do not result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study utilized Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine and Ovine Genome 1.0 ST Arrays to identify novel placental genes associated with differential fetal growth rates within NR ewes. Singleton pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer and, beginning on Day 35 of pregnancy, ewes received either a 100% National Research Council (NRC) (control-fed group; n = 7) or 50% NRC (NR group; n = 24) diet until necropsy on Day 125. Fetuses from NR ewes were separated into NR non-IUGR (n = 6) and NR IUGR (n = 6) groups based on Day 125 fetal weight for microarray analysis. Of the 103 differentially expressed genes identified, 15 were upregulated and 88 were downregulated in NR non-IUGR compared to IUGR placentomes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that upregulated gene clusters in NR non-IUGR placentomes associated with cell membranes, receptors, and signaling. Downregulated gene clusters associated with immune response, nutrient transport, and metabolism. Results illustrate that placentomal gene expression in late gestation is indicative of an altered placental immune response, which is associated with enhanced fetal growth, in a subpopulation of NR ewes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Oxidative Stress Markers Differ in Two Placental Dysfunction Pathologies: Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1323891. [PMID: 32685085 PMCID: PMC7346256 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1323891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are both multisystemic disorders of pregnancy that cause perinatal morbidity and mortality. Recently, researchers focused on the role of oxidative stress (OS) as a pathophysiological mechanism in the development of these pathologies. The aim of this study was to compare OS in placental-related pathologies (PIH and IUGR) and uncomplicated pregnancies. We also investigated which salivary OS markers reflect systemic oxidative status and which only reflect the state of the oral cavity. Material and Methods. A total of 104 pregnant women (n = 104; 27 with PIH, 30 with IUGR, and 47 controls) were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (ORAC), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione transferase (GST) in plasma/whole blood and/or saliva were analysed. Dietary nutrient intake was calculated using a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). Oral health was assessed to eliminate patients with bleeding, severe periodontitis, and other dental pathologies. Results In the IUGR group, increased concentration of ORAC was observed both in saliva and plasma. Also, lower plasma levels of MDA in IUGR compared to the control group was detected. No sign of oxidative stress was confirmed in the PIH group. The examined groups did not differ regarding diet and markers of inflammation. ORAC in saliva was correlated with its level in plasma. No such correlations for MDA were observed. In the IUGR group, there were no differences in OS markers in plasma, but there was a lower ALDH level in the blood compared to the control group. It confirms OS occurrence in IUGR. In IUGR, a higher activity of salivary ALDH was probably due to worse oral health. Conclusion Oxidative stress differs between IUGR and PIH groups: the presence of oxidative stress was confirmed only in the IUGR group. Salivary ORAC can be used to estimate ORAC in plasma. The activity of salivary ALDH reflects the state of the oral cavity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lambo CA, Edwards AK, Bazer FW, Dunlap K, Satterfield MC. Development of a surgical procedure for removal of a placentome from a pregnant ewe during gestation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32467754 PMCID: PMC7222564 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the impact of insults during pregnancy on postnatal health and disease. It is known that changes in placental development can impact fetal growth and subsequent susceptibility to adult onset diseases; however, a method to collect sufficient placental tissues for both histological and gene expression analyses during gestation without compromising the pregnancy has not been described. The ewe is an established biomedical model for the study of fetal development. Due to its cotyledonary placental type, the sheep has potential for surgical removal of materno-fetal exchange tissues, i.e., placentomes. A novel surgical procedure was developed in well-fed control ewes to excise a single placentome at mid-gestation. Results A follow-up study was performed in a cohort of nutrient-restricted ewes to investigate rapid placental changes in response to undernutrition. The surgery averaged 19 min, and there were no viability differences between control and sham ewes. Nutrient restricted fetuses were smaller than controls (4.7 ± 0.1 kg vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.05), with greater dam weight loss (− 32.4 ± 1.3 kg vs. 14.2 ± 2.2 kg; P < 0.01), and smaller placentomes at necropsy (5.7 ± 0.3 g vs. 7.2 ± 0.9 g; P < 0.05). Weight of sampled placentomes and placentome numbers did not differ. Conclusions With this technique, gestational studies in the sheep model will provide insight into the onset and complexity of changes in gene expression in placentomes resulting from undernutrition (as described in our study), overnutrition, alcohol or substance abuse, and environmental or disease factors of relevance and concern regarding the reproductive health and developmental origins of health and disease in humans and in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Lambo
- 1Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Ashley K Edwards
- 2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- 2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Kathrin Dunlap
- 2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - M Carey Satterfield
- 2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Equine hydrallantois is associated with impaired angiogenesis in the placenta. Placenta 2020; 93:101-112. [PMID: 32250734 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrallantois is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic cavities during the last trimester of pregnancy, leading to abdominal wall hernias, cardiovascular shock, abortion, and dystocia. It has been postulated that hydrallantois is associated with structural and/or functional changes in the chorioallantoic membrane. In the present study, we hypothesized that angiogenesis is impaired in the hydrallantoic placenta. METHOD Capillary density in the hydrallantoic placenta was evaluated in the chorioallantois via immunohistochemistry for Von Willebrand Factor. Moreover, the expression of angiogenic genes was compared between equine hydrallantois and age-matched, normal placentas. RESULTS In the hydrallantoic samples, edema was the main pathological finding. The capillary density was significantly lower in the hydrallantoic samples than in normal placentas. The reduction in the number of vessels was associated with abnormal expression of a subset of angiogenic and hypoxia-associated genes including VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, ANGPT1, eNOS and HIF1A. We believe that the capillary density and the abnormal expression of angiogenic genes leads to tissue hypoxia (high expression of HIF1A) and edema. Finally, we identified a lower expression of genes associated with steroidogenic enzyme (CYP19A1) and estrogen receptor signaling (ESR2) in the hydrallantoic placenta. DISCUSSION Based on the presented data, we believe that formation of edema is due to disrupted vascular development (low number of capillaries) and hypoxia in the hydrallantoic placenta. The edema leads to further hypoxia and consequently, causes an increase in vessel permeability which leads to a gradual increase in interstitial fluid accumulation, resulting in an insufficient transplacental exchange rate and accumulation of fluid in the allantoic cavity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Interferon tau: Influences on growth and development of the conceptus. Theriogenology 2020; 150:75-83. [PMID: 32088030 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interferon tau (IFNT), the pregnancy recognition signal secreted from trophectoderm cells of ruminant conceptuses abrogates the uterine luteolytic mechanism to ensure maintenance of functional corpora lutea for production of progesterone (P4). Importantly, IFNT, in concert with P4, also induces expression of genes in uterine luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia for transport and/or secretion of histotroph into the uterine lumen to support growth and development of the conceptus. For example, IFNT and P4 induce transporters responsible foer transport of glucose and arginine into the uterine lumen during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Arginine activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) nutrient sensing cell signaling pathway to stimulate proliferation, migration, differentiation and translation of mRNAs essential for growth and development of the conceptus. Glucose not utilized by the conceptus is converted to fructose and those two hexose sugars are metabolized via aerobic glycolysis to produce metabolites used in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, pathways for one-carbon metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway for synthesis of ribose sugars and NADPH. Arginine is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO) that stimulates angiogenesis in uterine and placental tissues, and to polyamines required for many cellular functions critical for growth and development of the conceptus. In summary, IFNT and P4 regulate expression of genes for transport of select nutrients into the pregnant uterus during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Those nutrients are then metabolized via multiple metabolic pathways to not only provide ATP, but also substrates for synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, co-factors required for growth, development, and survival of conceptuses during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lane SL, Dodson RB, Doyle AS, Park H, Rathi H, Matarrazo CJ, Moore LG, Lorca RA, Wolfson GH, Julian CG. Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protects against hypoxia-associated fetal growth restriction. FASEB J 2019; 33:8999-9007. [PMID: 31039323 PMCID: PMC6662983 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900214r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia of high-altitude (HA) residence increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia 3-fold, augmenting perinatal morbidity and mortality and the risk for childhood and adult disease. Currently, no effective therapies exist to prevent these vascular disorders of pregnancy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is an important regulator of uteroplacental vascular development and function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IUGR and preeclampsia. Here, we used a model of HA pregnancy in mice to determine whether hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction reduces placental PPAR-γ protein expression and placental vascularization and, if so, to evaluate the effectiveness of the selective PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) for preventing hypoxia-induced IUGR. Hypoxia resulted in asymmetric IUGR, placental insufficiency, and reduced placental PPAR-γ expression; PIO prevented approximately half of the fetal growth restriction and attenuated placental insufficiency. PIO did not affect fetal growth under normoxia. Although PIO was beneficial for fetal growth, PIO treatment reduced placental vascular density of the labrynthine zone in normoxic and hypoxic (Hx) conditions, and mean vascular area was reduced in the Hx group. Our results suggest that pharmacological PPAR-γ activation is a potential strategy for preventing IUGR in pregnancies complicated by hypoxia, although further studies are needed to identify its likely metabolic or vascular mechanisms.-Lane, S. L., Dodson, R. B., Doyle, A. S., Park, H., Rathi, H., Matarrazo, C. J., Moore, L. G., Lorca, R. A., Wolfson, G. H., Julian, C. G. Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protects against hypoxia-associated fetal growth restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L. Lane
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R. Blair Dodson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexandrea S. Doyle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Haemin Park
- Colorado Undergraduate Research in Environmental Health Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hinal Rathi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Lorna G. Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ramón A. Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gabriel H. Wolfson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Colleen G. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Runyan CL, McIntosh SZ, Maestas MM, Quinn KE, Boren BP, Ashley RL. CXCR4 signaling at the ovine fetal-maternal interface regulates vascularization, CD34+ cell presence, and autophagy in the endometrium†. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:102-111. [PMID: 31004477 PMCID: PMC8127038 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta development is characterized by extensive angiogenesis and vascularization but if these processes are compromised placental dysfunction occurs, which is the underlying cause of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Dysregulation of placental angiogenesis has emerged as one of the main pathophysiological features in the development of placental insufficiency and its clinical consequences. The signaling axis initiated by chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 stimulates angiogenesis in other tissues, and may be central to placental vascularization. We hypothesized that CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling governs the pro-angiogenic placental microenvironment by coordinating production of central angiogenic factors and receptors and regulates endometrial cell survival essential for placental function and subsequent fetal longevity. The CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, was used to elucidate the role of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling regarding uteroplacental vascular remodeling at the fetal-maternal interface. On day 12 postbreeding, osmotic pumps were surgically installed and delivered either AMD3100 or PBS into the uterine lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. On day 20, endometrial tissues were collected, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and uterine horn cross sections preserved for immunofluorescent analysis. In endometrium from ewes receiving AMD3100 infusion, the abundance of select angiogenic factors was diminished, while presence of CD34+ cells increased compared to control ewes. Ewes receiving AMD3100 infusion also exhibited less activation of Akt/mTOR signaling, and elevated LC3B-II, a marker of cellular autophagy in endometrium. This study suggests that CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling governs placental homeostasis by serving as a critical upstream mediator of vascularization and cell viability, thereby ensuring appropriate placental development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne L Runyan
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stacia Z McIntosh
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Marlie M Maestas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ben P Boren
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ryan L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caton JS, Crouse MS, Reynolds LP, Neville TL, Dahlen CR, Ward AK, Swanson KC. Maternal nutrition and programming of offspring energy requirements. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:976-990. [PMID: 32704862 PMCID: PMC7200455 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duran CL, Abbey CA, Bayless KJ. Establishment of a three-dimensional model to study human uterine angiogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:74-93. [PMID: 29329415 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can primary human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs) be used as a model to study uterine angiogenic responses in vitro that are relevant in pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER UtMVECs demonstrated angiogenic responses when stimulated with proangiogenic factors, including sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), physiological levels of wall shear stress (WSS), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and various combinations of estrogen and progesterone. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During sprouting angiogenesis, signaling from growth factors and cytokines induces a monolayer of quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vasculature to degrade the extracellular matrix and invade the surrounding tissue to form new capillaries. During pregnancy and the female reproductive cycle, the uterine endothelium becomes activated and undergoes sprouting angiogenesis to increase the size and number of blood vessels in the endometrium. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study was designed to examine the angiogenic potential of primary human UtMVECs using the well-characterized human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) line as a control to compare angiogenic potential. ECs were seeded onto three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices, supplemented with known proangiogenic stimuli relevant to pregnancy and allowed to invade for 24 h. Sprouting responses were analyzed using manual and automated methods for quantification. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and immunostaining were used to characterize UtMVECs. Angiogenic responses were examined using 3D invasion assays. Western blotting was used to confirm signaling responses after proangiogenic lipid, pharmacological inhibitor, and recombinant lentiviral treatments. All experiments were repeated at least three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After ensuring that UtMVECs expressed the proper endothelial markers, we found that UtMVECs invade 3D collagen matrices dose-dependently in response to known proangiogenic stimuli (e.g. S1P, VEGF, bFGF, hCG, estrogen, progesterone and WSS) present during early pregnancy. Invasion responses were positively correlated with phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK). Inhibition of these second messengers significantly impaired sprouting (P < 0.01). Gene silencing of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase using multiple approaches completely abrogated sprouting (P < 0.001). Finally, UtMVECs displayed a unique ability to undergo sprouting in response to hCG, and combined estrogen and progesterone treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study of uterine angiogenesis in vitro has limitations and any findings many not fully represent the in vivo state. However, these experiments do provide evidence for the ability of UtMVECs to be used in functional sprouting assays in a 3D environment, stimulated by physiological factors that are produced locally within the uterus during early pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We show that UtMVECs can be used reliably to investigate how growth factors, hormones, lipids and other factors, such as flow, affect angiogenesis in the uterus. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH award HL095786 to K.J.B. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Colette A Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 440 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2128, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Interdisciplinary Faculty of Reproductive Biology, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2471, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bridge-Comer PE, Vickers MH, Reynolds CM. Preclinical Models of Altered Early Life Nutrition and Development of Reproductive Disorders in Female Offspring. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:59-87. [PMID: 30919332 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early epidemiology studies in humans have and continue to offer valuable insight into the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, which emphasises the importance of early-life nutritional and environmental changes on the increased risk of metabolic and reproductive disease in later life. Human studies are limited and constrained by a range of factors which do not apply to preclinical research. Animal models therefore offer a unique opportunity to fully investigate the mechanisms associated with developmental programming, helping to elucidate the developmental processes which influence reproductive diseases, and highlight potential biomarkers which can be translated back to the human condition. This review covers the use and limitations of a number of animal models frequently utilised in developmental programming investigations, with an emphasis on dietary manipulations which can lead to reproductive dysfunction in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Drwal E, Rak A, Gregoraszczuk EL. Review: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-Action on placental function and health risks in future life of newborns. Toxicology 2018; 411:133-142. [PMID: 30321648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants, which are released as products of incomplete combustion processes. Harmful effects of PAHs exposure on human health are observed in increased morbidity of respiratory, cardiovascular and immunological diseases. A particularly sensitive group to PAHs exposure are pregnant women and their developing offspring. PAHs can cross the placental barrier and a lot of published data indicated that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to PAHs can lead to developmental toxicity. Epidemiological data shows increased incidence and prevalence of conditions associated with PAHs exposure, like intrauterine growth retardation. Even more, negative effect of PAHs are observed later in development, low IQ, problems with behavior, allergies or asthma. This review will briefly summarize currently available data on the effects of PAHs on placental function with a specific emphasis on placental differentiation, angiogenesis, hormone signaling and consequences of exposure to PAHs in childhood and adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Drwal
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa L Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Low Serum Angiopoietin-1, High Serum Angiopoietin-2, and High Ang-2/Ang-1 Protein Ratio are Associated with Early Onset Sepsis in Surinamese Newborns. Shock 2018; 48:638-643. [PMID: 28538018 PMCID: PMC5647105 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular inflammation and leakage in sepsis is mediated by Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and their phosphorylation of the endothelial Tie-2 receptor. This study investigates levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in newborns to gain insight in the vascular pathophysiology of early onset sepsis (EOS) within 72 h after birth. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed among 71 Surinamese newborns treated with antibiotics for suspected EOS and 20 control newborns. Newborns with suspected EOS were divided in two groups: blood culture negative and positive EOS. Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels were measured in serum obtained at the start of antibiotic treatment and at re-evaluation after 48 to 72 h. RESULTS In this cohort 8.5% of newborns had a positive blood culture. At the start of antibiotic treatment Ang-1 serum levels were lower (P < 0.01), and Ang-2 and Ang-2/Ang-1 serum protein ratios were higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) in newborns with blood culture positive EOS than in controls. These levels were not dependent on timing of first blood draw after birth. After 48 to 72 h levels of Ang-1 further decreased in blood culture positive EOS, while in the other groups no change was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that a disbalance in the Angiopoietins plays a role in the vascular pathophysiology of EOS.
Collapse
|
34
|
Shinohara S, Okuda Y, Hirata S. Association between birth weight and massive haemorrhage in pregnancy with a low-lying placenta: a 9-year single-centre retrospective cohort study in Japan. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 39:22-26. [PMID: 29884097 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1454413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A low-lying placenta is a well-known cause of a massive intrapartum haemorrhage. We aimed to evaluate whether neonatal birth weight deviation from the nationwide average could predict a massive haemorrhage during a delivery in the women with a low-lying placenta. This study included 40 women. The main outcomes were a massive haemorrhage and a neonatal birth weight deviation. We used a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the optimal birth weight deviation cut-off for predicting a massive haemorrhage. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify the variables significantly associated with a massive haemorrhage. The best cut-off for predicting a massive haemorrhage was a birth weight deviation of +0.51 standard deviations (SDs) from the nationwide average. A birth weight deviation of ≥ +0.51 SDs was significantly associated with an increased massive haemorrhage risk. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? A low-lying placenta is a well-known cause of a massive intrapartum haemorrhage. Therefore, when managing pregnancies with a low-lying placenta, the possibility of severe perinatal bleeding should be considered, and it is desirable to determine reliable predictors of a haemorrhage. However, few studies have reported the predictive factors of a massive haemorrhage in patients with a low-lying placenta. What do the results of this study add? We demonstrated that a birth weight deviation from the nationwide average was significantly associated with a massive intrapartum haemorrhage in patients with a low-lying placenta. To our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify the association between a neonatal birth weight and a massive intrapartum haemorrhage incidence and to determine the optimal birth weight deviation cut-off for predicting a massive haemorrhage in patients with a low-lying placenta. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? An accurate risk stratification using the foetal weight as a marker for a predicting massive intrapartum haemorrhage may help in the management of patients with a low-lying placenta. Studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shinohara
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Okuda
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Japan
| | - Shuji Hirata
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu Y, Li H, Sha Q, Hai R, Wang Y, Song Y, Gao F. Effects of maternal undernutrition on the growth, development and antioxidant status of ovine placentome subtypes during late pregnancy. Theriogenology 2018; 110:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Meirelles MG, Veras MM, Alonso MA, de Fátima Guimarães C, Nichi M, Fernandes CB. Influence of Maternal Age and Parity on Placental Structure and Foal Characteristics From Birth up to 2 Years of Age. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
37
|
Huckle WR. Cell- and Tissue-Based Models for Study of Placental Development. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 145:29-37. [PMID: 28110753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research into the molecular mechanisms by which the placenta forms and functions have sought to improve prevention, diagnosis, and management of disorders of this vital tissue. This research has included development of experimental models intended to replicate behavior of the native placenta in both health and disease. Animal models devised in rodents, sheep, cattle, or other domestic animal species have the advantage of being biologically "complete," but all differ to some degree in developmental timing and anatomical details compared to the human, suggesting subtle differences in molecular mechanism. Consequently, investigators have resorted to simplified systems, characterizing the mechanisms of placental development by using explants of maternal and fetal tissue, primary cell cultures, and immortalized or choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines. Such studies have advanced our understanding of mechanisms by which trophoblasts and associated tissues invade the endometrium, produce chorionic gonadotropin, manage immune tolerance of the fetus, or elaborate proteins that may contribute to placental dysfunction. More recently, use of three-dimensional spheroid cultures, computational modeling of placental tissue dynamics and blood flow, and bioengineering of tissue constructs have been undertaken, aimed to recapitulate the types of interactions that occur among diverse uterine and placental cell types in utero. New technologies and biological paradigms, stemming in part from the ongoing Human Placenta Project, promise to expand the array of available tools, increasing the likelihood that the years ahead will see significant improvements in the ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat life-threatening disorders of placental formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Huckle
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Soyama H, Miyamoto M, Ishibashi H, Takano M, Sasa H, Furuya K. Relation between Birth Weight and Intraoperative Hemorrhage during Cesarean Section in Pregnancy with Placenta Previa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167332. [PMID: 27902772 PMCID: PMC5130260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placenta previa, one of the most severe obstetric complications, carries an increased risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Several risk factors for intraoperative hemorrhage have been identified to date. However, the correlation between birth weight and intraoperative hemorrhage has not been investigated. Here we estimate the correlation between birth weight and the occurrence of intraoperative massive hemorrhage in placenta previa. Materials and Methods We included all 256 singleton pregnancies delivered via cesarean section at our hospital because of placenta previa between 2003 and 2015. We calculated not only measured birth weights but also standard deviation values according to the Japanese standard growth curve to adjust for differences in gestational age. We assessed the correlation between birth weight and the occurrence of intraoperative massive hemorrhage (>1500 mL blood loss). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the cutoff value of intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Results Of 256 pregnant women with placenta previa, 96 (38%) developed intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Receiver-operating characteristic curves revealed that the area under the curve of the combination variables between the standard deviation of birth weight and intraoperative massive hemorrhage was 0.71. The cutoff value with a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 55.6% was −0.33 standard deviation. The multivariate analysis revealed that a standard deviation of >−0.33 (odds ratio, 5.88; 95% confidence interval, 3.04–12.00), need for hemostatic procedures (odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–6.25), and placental adhesion (odds ratio, 12.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.85–92.13) were independent risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with placenta previa, a birth weight >−0.33 standard deviation was a significant risk indicator of massive hemorrhage during cesarean section. Based on this result, further studies are required to investigate whether fetal weight estimated by ultrasonography can predict hemorrhage during cesarean section in patients with placental previa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Soyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Morikazu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Furuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Somal A, Bhat IA, B. I, Pandey S, Panda BSK, Thakur N, Sarkar M, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. A Comparative Study of Growth Kinetics, In Vitro Differentiation Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fetal Adnexa Derived Caprine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156821. [PMID: 27257959 PMCID: PMC4892572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an objective of isolation, in vitro expansion, growth kinetics, molecular characterization and in vitro differentiation of fetal adnexa derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells. Mid-gestation gravid caprine uteri (2–3 months) were collected from abattoir to derive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal adnexa {amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton’s jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB)} and expanded in vitro. These cultured MSCs were used at the 3rd passage (P3) to study growth kinetics, localization as well as molecular expression of specific surface antigens, pluripotency markers and mesenchymal tri-lineage differentiation. In comparison to cAF and cAS MSCs, cWJ and cCB MSCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher clonogenic potency, faster growth rate and low population doubling (PDT) time. All the four types of MSCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. These stem cells expressed MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF, cMyc, FoxD3) but did not express CD34, a hematopoietic stem cell marker (HSC) as confirmed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analysis. The relative mRNA expression of MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ MSCs compared to the other cell lines. The mRNA expression of Oct4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ, whereas mRNA expression of KLF and cMyc was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ and cAF than that of cAS and cCB. The comparative assessment revealed that cWJ MSCs outperformed MSCs from other sources of fetal adnexa in terms of growth kinetics, relative mRNA expression of surface antigens, pluripotency markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential, hence, these MSCs could be used as a preferred source for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Irfan A. Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Indu B.
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Bibhudatta S. K. Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Nipuna Thakur
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chávez-García A, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Murcia C, Rodríguez A, Cerbón M, Mejía O. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in interspecies sheep pregnancy. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:4692-701. [PMID: 26523562 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies pregnancies between closely related species are usually performed in livestock to obtain improved and enriched offspring. Indeed, different hybrids have been obtained for research purposes since many years ago, and the maternal-fetal interactions have been studied as a possible strategy for species preservation. The aim of this study was to characterize by physiological and molecular approaches the interspecies pregnancy between bighorn sheep () and domestic sheep (). Hybrids were obtained by artificial insemination; the blood pressure and protein urine levels were measured during the last two-thirds of gestation. After parturition, offspring and placentas were weighed and measured and cotyledons were counted and weighed and their surface area determined. Plasma samples were obtained between wk 8 and 21 of gestation to assess progesterone (P4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels and cell-free RNA was isolated during the same period to assess hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (α) gene expression. Hybrid and normal pregnancies were analyzed using physiological and molecular parameters during the last two-thirds of gestation (wk 8-21). The results show that during the measurement period, ewes with a hybrid pregnancy presented normal blood pressure and no alteration in urinary protein content. However, compared with sheep with a normal pregnancy, those with a hybrid pregnancy had a decrease in fetal and placental growth as well as in the cotyledonary surface area. Furthermore, in the hybrid group, there was placental insufficiency, characterized by a decrease in P4 production, as well as indications of endothelial dysfunction, characterized an increase in plasma levels of VEGF and PlGF as well as in plasma gene expression of α. Overall, the results indicate that hybrids of and presented intrauterine growth restriction, essentially due to altered endothelial function and chronic placental insufficiency. Further studies are necessary to overcome this primary placental dysfunction and thus obtain improved offspring for future molecular and genomic evaluations.
Collapse
|
41
|
Role of mouse Wdr13 in placental growth; a genetic evidence for lifetime body weight determination by placenta during development. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13371. [PMID: 26306915 PMCID: PMC4549788 DOI: 10.1038/srep13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental development is essential for implantation and growth of foetus in the uterus of eutherian mammals. Numerous growth factors are responsible for placental development and cell lineage differentiation. Gene knockout mice have shown role of various genes in the placenta. Here using Wdr13 knockout mice, we show that this gene is important for proper placental development. Wdr13, a X-linked gene, expresses in multiple trophoblast cell types of placenta and the mutant placenta had reduced size after 17.5 dpc due to reduction of junctional zone (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). We observed reduction in levels of angiopoietin-2 and cd44 mRNA in Wdr13 mutant placenta as compared to that in the wild type. Our findings show that Wdr13 is required for normal placental development and cell differentiation. Wdr13 heterozygous female placenta when the mutant allele was of maternal origin showed similar defects as those in case of Wdr13 null placenta. Using two types of heterozygous females carrying either maternally and paternally derived mutant Wdr13 allele we provide genetic evidence that development of placenta determines body weight of mice for the entire life.
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Y, Wang K, Zou QY, Magness RR, Zheng J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin differentially suppresses angiogenic responses in human placental vein and artery endothelial cells. Toxicology 2015; 336:70-8. [PMID: 26275813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Placental angiogenesis is dramatically increased during pregnancy in association with the elevated placental blood flows to support the rapidly growing fetus. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental toxicant and a ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Herein, we investigated the effects of TCDD on proliferation, migration, and viability of fetoplacental endothelial cells in response to a complete growth medium which contained serum and growth supplement using human umbilical cord vein (HUVECs) and artery (HUAECs) cells as models. We found that TCDD dose- and time-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) proliferation of HUVECs and HUAECs. Treatment with TCDD at 10 nM for 6 days inhibited (p < 0.05) migration (by ∼ 30%) of HUAECs, but not HUVECs. TCDD at 10nM also decreased (p < 0.05) viability of HUVECs and HUAECs. Interestingly, specific AhR siRNA blocked (p < 0.05) the TCDD-inhibited cellular responses in HUAECs, but not HUVECs. Nonetheless, TCDD at 10nM neither affected the cell cycle progression, nor did it induce cell apoptosis in HUVECs and HUAECs. In addition, TCDD at 10 nM also did not alter activation of ERK1/2 and AKT1 in HUVECs and HUAECs. Collectively, TCDD suppresses proliferation and/or migration (two key steps of angiogenesis) of HUVECs and HUAECs independent and dependent of AhR, respectively. These data suggest that TCDD inhibited growth of HUVECs and HUAECs via decreasing cell viability. Thus, TCDD may inhibit fetoplacental angiogenesis, leading to negative pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Chávez JAR, Guzmán A, Zamora-Gutiérrez D, Mendoza GD, Melgoza LM, Montes S, Rosales-Torres AM. Supplementation with rumen-protected L-arginine-HCl increased fertility in sheep with synchronized estrus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1067-73. [PMID: 25991464 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine-HCl supplementation on ovulation rate, fertility, prolificacy, and serum VEGF concentrations in ewes with synchronized oestrus. Thirty Suffolk ewes with a mean body weight of 45 ± 3 kg and a mean body condition score (BCS) of 2.4 ± 0.28 were synchronized for estrus presentation with a progestin-containing sponge (20 mg Chronogest® CR) for 9 days plus PGF2-α (Lutalyse; Pfizer, USA) on day 7 after the insertion of the sponge. The ewes were divided into two groups; i.e., a control group (n = 15) that was fed on the native pasture (basal diet) and an L-arginine-HCl group (n = 15) that received 7.8 g of rumen-protected L-arginine-HCl from day 5 of the sponge insertion until day 25 after mating plus the basal diet. The L-arginine-HCl was administered daily via an esophageal probe between days 5 and 9 of the synchronization protocol and every third day subsequently. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein every 6 days throughout the entire experimental period. The results revealed that the L-arginine-HCl supplementation increased fertility during the synchronized estrus (P = 0.05). However, no effects were observed on the final BCS (P = 0.78), estrus presentation (P = 0.33), multiple ovulations (P = 0.24), prolificacy (P = 0.63), or serum VEGF concentration. In conclusion, L-arginine-HCl supplementation during the period used in this study increased fertility in sheep with synchronized estrus possibly due to improved embryo-fetal survival during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Agustín Ruiz de Chávez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simons M, Alitalo K, Annex BH, Augustin HG, Beam C, Berk BC, Byzova T, Carmeliet P, Chilian W, Cooke JP, Davis GE, Eichmann A, Iruela-Arispe ML, Keshet E, Sinusas AJ, Ruhrberg C, Woo YJ, Dimmeler S. State-of-the-Art Methods for Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Tissue Vascularization: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2015; 116:e99-132. [PMID: 25931450 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
45
|
Li LJ, Aris I, Su LL, Tint MT, Cheung CYL, Ikram MK, Gluckman P, Godfrey KM, Tan KH, Yeo G, Yap F, Kwek K, Saw SM, Chong YS, Wong TY, Lee YS. Associations of maternal retinal vasculature with subsequent fetal growth and birth size. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118250. [PMID: 25909909 PMCID: PMC4409150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the maternal retinal microvasculature at mid-trimester and its relationship with subsequent fetal growth and birth size. METHODS We recruited 732 pregnant women aged 18-46 years in the first trimester with singleton pregnancies. All had retinal photography and fetal scan performed at 26-28 weeks gestation, and subsequent fetal scan at 32-34 weeks gestation. Infant anthropometric measurements were done at birth. Retinal microvasculature was measured using computer software from the retinal photographs. RESULTS In multiple linear regression models, each 10 μm narrowing in maternal retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with decreases of 1.36 mm in fetal head circumference at 32-34 weeks gestation, as well as decreases of 1.50 mm and 2.30 mm in infant head circumference and birth length at delivery, respectively. Each standard deviation decrease in maternal retinal arteriolar fractal dimension was associated with decreases of 1.55 mm in fetal head circumference at 32-34 weeks gestation, as well as decreases of 1.08 mm and 46.42 g in infant head circumference and birth weight at delivery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber and a sparser retinal vascular network in mothers, reflecting a suboptimal uteroplacental microvasculature during mid-pregnancy, were associated with poorer fetal growth and birth size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin Aris
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Lin Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carol Yim-Lui Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Departments of Epidemiology & Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Yeo
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Angiogenesis in the placenta: the role of reactive oxygen species signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814543. [PMID: 25705690 PMCID: PMC4325211 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper placental development and function are central to the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A critical component of healthy placental function is the proper development of its vascular network. Poor vascularization of the placenta can lead to fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and in some cases fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which uterine stressors influence the development of the placental vasculature and contribute to placental dysfunction is of central importance to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. In this review we discuss how oxidative stress observed in maternal smoking, maternal obesity, and preeclampsia has been associated with aberrant angiogenesis and placental dysfunction resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also highlight that oxidative stress can influence the expression of a number of transcription factors important in mediating angiogenesis. Therefore, understanding how oxidative stress affects redox-sensitive transcription factors within the placenta may elucidate potential therapeutic targets for correcting abnormal placental angiogenesis and function.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang S, Regnault TRH, Barker PL, Botting KJ, McMillen IC, McMillan CM, Roberts CT, Morrison JL. Placental adaptations in growth restriction. Nutrients 2015; 7:360-89. [PMID: 25580812 PMCID: PMC4303845 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the primary interface between the fetus and mother and plays an important role in maintaining fetal development and growth by facilitating the transfer of substrates and participating in modulating the maternal immune response to prevent immunological rejection of the conceptus. The major substrates required for fetal growth include oxygen, glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, and their transport processes depend on morphological characteristics of the placenta, such as placental size, morphology, blood flow and vascularity. Other factors including insulin-like growth factors, apoptosis, autophagy and glucocorticoid exposure also affect placental growth and substrate transport capacity. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often a consequence of insufficiency, and is associated with a high incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life. Several different experimental methods have been used to induce placental insufficiency and IUGR in animal models and a range of factors that regulate placental growth and substrate transport capacity have been demonstrated. While no model system completely recapitulates human IUGR, these animal models allow us to carefully dissect cellular and molecular mechanisms to improve our understanding and facilitate development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Paige L Barker
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Isabella C McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Christine M McMillan
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Claire T Roberts
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bazer FW, Ying W, Wang X, Dunlap KA, Zhou B, Johnson GA, Wu G. The many faces of interferon tau. Amino Acids 2015; 47:449-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
49
|
Bazer FW, Johnson GA, Wu G. Amino Acids and Conceptus Development During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:23-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
50
|
Chastant-Maillard S, Boulouis HJ, Reynaud K, Thoumire S, Gandoin C, Bouillin C, Cordonnier N, Maillard R. Lack of transplacental transmission of Bartonella bovis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 38:41-6. [PMID: 25498979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transplacental transmission of Bartonella spp. has been reported for rodents, but not for cats and has never been investigated in cattle. The objective of this study was to assess vertical transmission of Bartonella in cattle. Fifty-six cow-calf pairs were tested before (cows) and after (calves) caesarean section for Bartonella bacteremia and/or serology, and the cotyledons were checked for gross lesions and presence of the bacteria. None of the 29 (52%) bacteremic cows gave birth to bacteremic calves, and all calves were seronegative at birth. Neither placentitis nor vasculitis were observed in all collected cotyledons. Bartonella bovis was not detected in placental cotyledons. Therefore, transplacental transmission of B. bovis and multiplication of the bacteria in the placenta do not seem likely. The lack of transplacental transmission may be associated with the particular structure of the placenta in ruminants or to a poor affinity/agressiveness of B. bovis for this tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chastant-Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - H-J Boulouis
- Université ParisEst, INRA, Anses, ENVA, UMR BIPAR, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - K Reynaud
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Thoumire
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; ENVA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Gandoin
- Université ParisEst, INRA, Anses, ENVA, UMR BIPAR, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Bouillin
- Université ParisEst, INRA, Anses, ENVA, UMR BIPAR, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - N Cordonnier
- ENVA, Histology - Histopathology, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - R Maillard
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Université ParisEst, INRA, Anses, ENVA, UMR BIPAR, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|