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Li J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Liao W, Li Z, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Chen S, Zheng P, Cao S. Genome Identification and Expression Profiling of the PIN-Formed Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1452. [PMID: 38338732 PMCID: PMC10855349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PIN-formed (PIN) proteins-specific transcription factors that are widely distributed in plants-play a pivotal role in regulating polar auxin transport, thus influencing plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Although the identification and functional validation of PIN genes have been extensively explored in various plant species, their understanding in woody plants-particularly the endangered species Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang-remains limited. P. bournei is an economically significant tree species that is endemic to southern China. For this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to screen and identify 13 members of the PIN gene family in P. bournei. Through a phylogenetic analysis, we classified these genes into five sub-families: A, B, C, D, and E. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties, three-dimensional structures, conserved motifs, and gene structures of the PbPIN proteins. Our results demonstrate that all PbPIN genes consist of exons and introns, albeit with variations in their number and length, highlighting the conservation and evolutionary changes in PbPIN genes. The results of our collinearity analysis indicate that the expansion of the PbPIN gene family primarily occurred through segmental duplication. Additionally, by predicting cis-acting elements in their promoters, we inferred the potential involvement of PbPIN genes in plant hormone and abiotic stress responses. To investigate their expression patterns, we conducted a comprehensive expression profiling of PbPIN genes in different tissues. Notably, we observed differential expression levels of PbPINs across the various tissues. Moreover, we examined the expression profiles of five representative PbPIN genes under abiotic stress conditions, including heat, cold, salt, and drought stress. These experiments preliminarily verified their responsiveness and functional roles in mediating responses to abiotic stress. In summary, this study systematically analyzes the expression patterns of PIN genes and their response to abiotic stresses in P. bournei using whole-genome data. Our findings provide novel insights and valuable information for stress tolerance regulation in P. bournei. Moreover, the study offers significant contributions towards unraveling the functional characteristics of the PIN gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xinghao Tang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Wenhai Liao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiumian Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shipin Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Ping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Li D, Wu X, Huang C, Lin Q, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang C, Xuan Y, Wei S, Mei Q. Enhanced Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight through Nitrate Transporter 1.1B Mutation without Yield Loss under NH 4+ Fertilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19958-19969. [PMID: 38085756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization can promote rice yield but decrease resistance to sheath blight (ShB). In this study, the nitrate transporter 1.1b (nrt1.1b) mutant that exhibited less susceptibility to ShB but without compromising yield under NH4+ fertilization was screened. NRT1.1B's regulation of ShB resistance was independent of the total nitrogen concentration in rice under NH4+ conditions. In nrt1.1b mutant plants, the NH4+ application modulated auxin signaling, chlorophyll content, and phosphate signaling to promote ShB resistance. Furthermore, the findings indicated that NRT1.1B negatively regulated ShB resistance by positively modulating the expression of H+-ATPase gene OSA3 and phosphate transport gene PT8. The mutation of OSA3 and PT8 promoted ShB resistance by increasing the apoplastic pH in rice. Our study identified the ShB resistance mutant nrt1.1b, which maintained normal nitrogen use efficiency without compromising yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujun Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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Wakeman A, Bennett T. Auxins and grass shoot architecture: how the most important hormone makes the most important plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6975-6988. [PMID: 37474124 PMCID: PMC10690731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are a group of grasses cultivated by humans for their grain. It is from these cereal grains that the majority of all calories consumed by humans are derived. The production of these grains is the result of the development of a series of hierarchical reproductive structures that form the distinct shoot architecture of the grasses. Being spatiotemporally complex, the coordination of grass shoot development is tightly controlled by a network of genes and signals, including the key phytohormone auxin. Hormonal manipulation has therefore been identified as a promising potential approach to increasing cereal crop yields and therefore ultimately global food security. Recent work translating the substantial body of auxin research from model plants into cereal crop species is revealing the contribution of auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signalling to the development of grass shoot architecture. This review discusses this still-maturing knowledge base and examines the possibility that changes in auxin biology could have been a causative agent in the evolution of differences in shoot architecture between key grass species, or could underpin the future selective breeding of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wakeman
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Ouyang Q, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yang C, Hou D, Liu H, Xu H. Overexpression of OsPIN9 Impairs Chilling Tolerance via Disturbing ROS Homeostasis in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2809. [PMID: 37570963 PMCID: PMC10421329 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED (PIN) family is one of the major protein families that facilitates polar auxin transport in plants. Here, we report that overexpression of OsPIN9 leads to altered plant architecture and chilling tolerance in rice. The expression profile analysis indicated that OsPIN9 was gradually suppressed by chilling stress. The shoot height and adventitious root number of OsPIN9-overexpressing (OE) plants were significantly reduced at the seedling stage. The roots of OE plants were more tolerant to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) treatment than WT plants, indicating the disturbance of auxin homeostasis in OE lines. The chilling tolerance assay showed that the survival rate of OE plants was markedly lower than that of wild-type (WT) plants. Consistently, more dead cells, increased electrolyte leakage, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content were observed in OE plants compared to those in WT plants under chilling conditions. Notably, OE plants accumulated more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and less superoxide anion radicals (O2-) than WT plants under chilling conditions. In contrast, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in OE lines decreased significantly compared to those in WT plants at the early chilling stage, implying that the impaired chilling tolerance of transgenic plants is probably attributed to the sharp induction of H2O2 and the delayed induction of antioxidant enzyme activities at this stage. In addition, several OsRboh genes, which play a crucial role in ROS production under abiotic stress, showed an obvious increase after chilling stress in OE plants compared to that in WT plants, which probably at least in part contributes to the production of ROS under chilling stress in OE plants. Together, our results reveal that OsPIN9 plays a vital role in regulating plant architecture and, more importantly, is involved in regulating rice chilling tolerance by influencing auxin and ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Q.O.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (D.H.); (H.L.)
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Wong ACS, van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Borrell AK. Integrating stay-green and PIN-FORMED genes: PIN-FORMED genes as potential targets for designing climate-resilient cereal ideotypes. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad040. [PMID: 37448862 PMCID: PMC10337860 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture modification (e.g. short-stature crops) is one of the key outcomes of modern crop breeding for high-yielding crop varieties. In cereals, delayed senescence, or stay-green, is an important trait that enables post-anthesis drought stress adaptation. Stay-green crops can prolong photosynthetic capacity during grain-filling period under post-anthesis drought stress, which is essential to ensure grain yield is not impacted under drought stress conditions. Although various stay-green quantitative trait loci have been identified in cereals, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating stay-green remain elusive. Recent advances in various gene-editing technologies have provided avenues to fast-track crop improvement, such as the breeding of climate-resilient crops in the face of climate change. We present in this viewpoint the focus on using sorghum as the model cereal crop, to study PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers as means to modulate plant architecture, and the potential to employ it as an adaptive strategy to address the environmental challenges posed by climate uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chern Sun Wong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Erik J van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K Borrell
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, 604 Yangan Road, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
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Wimalagunasekara SS, Weeraman JWJK, Tirimanne S, Fernando PC. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis reveals important hub proteins and sub-network modules for root development in rice (Oryza sativa). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:69. [PMID: 37246172 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root system is vital to plant growth and survival. Therefore, genetic improvement of the root system is beneficial for developing stress-tolerant and improved plant varieties. This requires the identification of proteins that significantly contribute to root development. Analyzing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is vastly beneficial in studying developmental phenotypes, such as root development, because a phenotype is an outcome of several interacting proteins. PPI networks can be analyzed to identify modules and get a global understanding of important proteins governing the phenotypes. PPI network analysis for root development in rice has not been performed before and has the potential to yield new findings to improve stress tolerance. RESULTS Here, the network module for root development was extracted from the global Oryza sativa PPI network retrieved from the STRING database. Novel protein candidates were predicted, and hub proteins and sub-modules were identified from the extracted module. The validation of the predictions yielded 75 novel candidate proteins, 6 sub-modules, 20 intramodular hubs, and 2 intermodular hubs. CONCLUSIONS These results show how the PPI network module is organized for root development and can be used for future wet-lab studies for producing improved rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janith W J K Weeraman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shamala Tirimanne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Pasan C Fernando
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Zhang Y, Han S, Lin Y, Qiao J, Han N, Li Y, Feng Y, Li D, Qi Y. Auxin Transporter OsPIN1b, a Novel Regulator of Leaf Inclination in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:409. [PMID: 36679122 PMCID: PMC9861231 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf inclination is one of the most important components of the ideal architecture, which effects yield gain. Leaf inclination was shown that is mainly regulated by brassinosteroid (BR) and auxin signaling. Here, we reveal a novel regulator of leaf inclination, auxin transporter OsPIN1b. Two CRISPR-Cas9 homozygous mutants, ospin1b-1 and ospin1b-2, with smaller leaf inclination compared to the wild-type, Nipponbare (WT/NIP), while overexpression lines, OE-OsPIN1b-1 and OE-OsPIN1b-2 have opposite phenotype. Further cell biological observation showed that in the adaxial region, OE-OsPIN1b-1 has significant bulge compared to WT/NIP and ospin1b-1, indicating that the increase in the adaxial cell division results in the enlarging of the leaf inclination in OE-OsPIN1b-1. The OsPIN1b was localized on the plasma membrane, and the free IAA contents in the lamina joint of ospin1b mutants were significantly increased while they were decreased in OE-OsPIN1b lines, suggesting that OsPIN1b might action an auxin transporter such as AtPIN1 to alter IAA content and leaf inclination. Furthermore, the OsPIN1b expression was induced by exogenous epibrassinolide (24-eBL) and IAA, and ospin1b mutants are insensitive to BR or IAA treatment, indicating that the effecting leaf inclination is regulated by OsPIN1b. This study contributes a new gene resource for molecular design breeding of rice architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Shaqila Han
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Naren Han
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yaning Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang Y, Zhou G, Luo H, Li X, Zhang K, Wan Y. Genome-Wide Identification of PIN and PILS Gene Families in Areca catechu and the Potential Role of AcPIN6 in Lateral Brace Root Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:33. [PMID: 36616161 PMCID: PMC9824567 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) are two families of auxin transporters that control the directional cell-to-cell transport and intracellular accumulation of auxin, thereby influencing plant growth and development. Most knowledge of PINs and PILSs was obtained from the dicot model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we focus on the distribution and expression of the PIN and PILS gene families in areca palm (Areca catechu), a monocot tree. The whole genomic dataset of areca palm was used to identify twelve AcPINs and eight AcPILSs, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed of PINS and PILS together with several other palm species, including the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and coconut (Cocos nucifera). We further analyzed the expression patterns of AcPIN and AcPILS in areca palm, and found that AcPIN6 displayed an extremely high transcriptional abundance in the brace roots and was extremely stimulated in the lateral root primordium. This result implies that AcPIN6 plays an important role in the growth and formation of brace roots, especially in lateral root initiation. We also overexpressed AcPIN6 and AcPIN6-eGFP in Arabidopsis, and the results revealed that the PIN6 localized on the plasma membrane and affected auxin-related phenomena. Taken together, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships of PINs and PILSs in palm species, and the roles of PIN6 in areca palm root formation. The results will improve the understanding of root system construction in large palm trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Manna M, Rengasamy B, Ambasht NK, Sinha AK. Characterization and expression profiling of PIN auxin efflux transporters reveal their role in developmental and abiotic stress conditions in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059559. [PMID: 36531415 PMCID: PMC9751476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux transporter proteins called PINs ferry auxin from its source to sinks in particular directions depending on their polar localizations in the plasma membrane, thus facilitating the development of the entire plant architecture. The rice genome has 12 PIN genes distributed over eight chromosomes. To study their roles in plant development, abiotic stress responsiveness, and shaping an auxin-dependent root architecture, a genome-wide analysis was carried out. Based on phylogeny, cellular localization, and hydrophilic loop domain size, the PINs were categorized into canonical and noncanonical PINs. PINs were found expressed in all of the organs of plants that emphasized their indispensable role throughout the plant's life cycle. We discovered that PIN5C and PIN9 were upregulated during salt and drought stress. We also found that regardless of its cellular level, auxin functioned as a molecular switch to turn on auxin biosynthesis genes. On the contrary, although PIN expression was upregulated upon initial treatment with auxin, prolonged auxin treatment not only led to their downregulation but also led to the development of auxin-dependent altered root formation in rice. Our study paves the way for developing stress-tolerant rice and plants with a desirable root architecture by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Chen J, Huang Y, Liu X, Chen G, Liu L, Cheng Z, Song W, Han L, Wang S, Wang L, Li M, Zhang X, Zhao J. CsIAGLU Regulates the Angle of Leaf Petiole by Affecting Endogenous Content of Auxin in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122216. [PMID: 36553483 PMCID: PMC9777852 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf angle is an important factor determining plant shoot architecture that may boost crop yield by increasing photosynthetic efficiency and facilitating high-density planting. Auxin is an important phytohormone involved in leaf angle regulation. Here, we identified two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) glucosyltransferase gene CsIAGLU in 80 re-sequenced cucumber lines, of which the CsIAGLU717G,1234T is the dominant allele associated with a small leaf pedicle angle (LPA), whereas CsIAGLU717C,1234A is linked with a large LPA. CsIAGLU was highly expressed in leaves and petioles. In natural cucumber populations, the expression of CsIAGLU was negatively correlated with the LPA. The mutation of CsIAGLU induced by the CRISPR-Cas9 system resulted in elevated free IAA levels and enlarged cell expansion on the adaxial side of the petiole base, thus producing a greater LPA. Consistently, exogenous IAA treatment led to increased LPA and cell size. Therefore, our findings suggest that CsIAGLU functions as a negative regulator of LPA development via auxin-mediated cell expansion in cucumber, providing a valuable strategy for cucumber breeding with small LPAs.
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Gou H, Nai G, Lu S, Ma W, Chen B, Mao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of PIN gene family under phytohormone and abiotic stresses in Vitis Vinifera L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1905-1919. [PMID: 36484025 PMCID: PMC9723067 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux transport proteins PIN-formed (PIN) has wide adaptability to hormone and abiotic stress, but the response mechanism of PINs in grape remains unclear. In this study, 12 members of VvPINs were identified and distributed on 8 chromosomes. The PIN genes of five species were divided into two subgroups, and the similarity of exons/introns and motifs of VvPIN genes were found in the same subgroup. Meanwhile, according to the examination of conserved motifs, the motif 3 included the conserved structure NPNTY. The promoter region of VvPIN gene family contained various cis-acting elements, which were related to light, abiotic stress, and hormones which are essential for growth and development. Additionally, VvPIN1, VvPIN9, and VvPIN11 proteins simultaneously interacted with the ARF, ABC, PINOID, GBF1, and VIT_08s0007g09010. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that the majority of the VvPINs were highly induced by NAA, GA3, ABA, MeJA, SA, NaCl, low-temperature (4 ℃), and PEG treatments, and the results were consistent with the prediction of the cis-acting elements. Moreover, the expression profile and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that VvPIN genes were expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. The subcellular localization of VvPIN1 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that VvPIN1 was localized at the plasma membrane. Collectively, this study revealed that PIN genes could respond to various abiotic stresses, and provided a framework for regulating the expression of PIN genes to enhance the resistance of the grape. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu Province People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wang H, Ouyang Q, Yang C, Zhang Z, Hou D, Liu H, Xu H. Mutation of OsPIN1b by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals a Role for Auxin Transport in Modulating Rice Architecture and Root Gravitropism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168965. [PMID: 36012245 PMCID: PMC9409181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and content of auxin within plant tissues affect a variety of important growth and developmental processes. Polar auxin transport (PAT), mainly mediated by auxin influx and efflux transporters, plays a vital role in determining auxin maxima and gradients in plants. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) family is one of the major protein families involved in PAT. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome possesses 12 OsPIN genes. However, the detailed functions of OsPIN genes involved in regulating the rice architecture and gravity response are less well understood. In the present study, OsPIN1b was disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and its roles in modulating rice architecture and root gravitropism were investigated. Tissue-specific analysis showed that OsPIN1b was mainly expressed in roots, stems and sheaths at the seedling stage, and the transcript abundance was progressively decreased during the seedling stages. Expression of OsPIN1b could be quickly and greatly induced by NAA, indicating that OsPIN1b played a vital role in PAT. IAA homeostasis was disturbed in ospin1b mutants, as evidenced by the changed sensitivity of shoot and root to NAA and NPA treatment, respectively. Mutation of OsPIN1b resulted in pleiotropic phenotypes, including decreased growth of shoots and primary roots, reduced adventitious root number in rice seedlings, as well as shorter and narrower leaves, increased leaf angle, more tiller number and decreased plant height and panicle length at the late developmental stage. Moreover, ospin1b mutants displayed a curly root phenotype cultured with tap water regardless of lighting conditions, while nutrient solution culture could partially rescue the curly root phenotype in light and almost completely abolish this phenotype in darkness, indicating the involvement of the integration of light and nutrient signals in root gravitropism regulation. Additionally, amyloplast sedimentation was impaired in the peripheral tiers of the ospin1b root cap columella cell, while it was not the main contributor to the abnormal root gravitropism. These data suggest that OsPIN1b not only plays a vital role in regulating rice architecture but also functions in regulating root gravitropism by the integration of light and nutrient signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Qiqi Ouyang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhuoyan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Dianyun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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13
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Xu H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wu S, Zhang Z, Ahammed GJ, Zhao C, Liu H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation in auxin efflux carrier OsPIN9 confers chilling tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967031. [PMID: 35979077 PMCID: PMC9376474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin plays a vital role in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. The spatial and temporal distribution of auxin mainly relies on the polar distribution of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. In this study, we dissected the functions of OsPIN9, a monocot-specific auxin efflux carrier gene, in modulating chilling tolerance in rice. The results showed that OsPIN9 expression was dramatically and rapidly suppressed by chilling stress (4°C) in rice seedlings. The homozygous ospin9 mutants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and employed for further research. ospin9 mutant roots and shoots were less sensitive to 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), indicating the disturbance of auxin homeostasis in the ospin9 mutants. The chilling tolerance assay showed that ospin9 mutants were more tolerant to chilling stress than wild-type (WT) plants, as evidenced by increased survival rate, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced lipid peroxidation. However, the expression of well-known C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)/DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DREB)-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathway and Ca2+ signaling genes was significantly induced only under normal conditions, implying that defense responses in ospin9 mutants have probably been triggered in advance under normal conditions. Histochemical staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 3'3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed that ospin9 mutants accumulated more ROS than WT at the early stage of chilling stress, while less ROS was observed at the later stage of chilling treatment in ospin9 mutants. Consistently, antioxidant enzyme activity, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), improved significantly during the early chilling treatments, while was kept similar to WT at the later stage of chilling treatment, implying that the enhanced chilling tolerance of ospin9 mutants is mainly attributed to the earlier induction of ROS and the improved ROS scavenging ability at the subsequent stages of chilling treatment. In summary, our results strongly suggest that the OsPIN9 gene regulates chilling tolerance by modulating ROS homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shiyang Wu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhuoyan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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14
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Cheng S, Wang Y. Subcellular trafficking and post-translational modification regulate PIN polarity in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923293. [PMID: 35968084 PMCID: PMC9363823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin regulates plant growth and tropism responses. As a phytohormone, auxin is transported between its synthesis sites and action sites. Most natural auxin moves between cells via a polar transport system that is mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters. The asymmetrically localized PINs usually determine the directionality of intercellular auxin flow. Different internal cues and external stimuli modulate PIN polar distribution and activity at multiple levels, including transcription, protein stability, subcellular trafficking, and post-translational modification, and thereby regulate auxin-distribution-dependent development. Thus, the different regulation levels of PIN polarity constitute a complex network. For example, the post-translational modification of PINs can affect the subcellular trafficking of PINs. In this review, we focus on subcellular trafficking and post-translational modification of PINs to summarize recent progress in understanding PIN polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Transcriptomic analysis of OsRUS1 overexpression rice lines with rapid and dynamic leaf rolling morphology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6736. [PMID: 35468979 PMCID: PMC9038715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling helps to form the ideotype of rice. In this study, six independent OsRUS1-GFP overexpression (OsRUS1-OX) transgenic rice lines with rapid and dynamic leaf rolling phenotype in response to sunlight were constructed. However, the mechanism is unknown. Here, RNA-Seq approach was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes between flag leaves of OsRUS1-OX and wildtype under sunlight. 2920 genes were differentially expressed between OsRUS1-OX and WT, of which 1660 upregulated and 1260 downregulated. Six of the 16 genes in GO: 0009415 (response to water stimulus) were significantly upregulated in OsRUS1-OX. The differentially expressed genes between WT and OsRUS1-OX were assigned to 110 KEGG pathways. 42 of the 222 genes in KEGG pathway dosa04075 (Plant hormone signal transduction) were differentially expressed between WT and OsRUS1-OX. The identified genes in GO:0009415 and KEGG pathway dosa04075 were good candidates to explain the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX. The expression patterns of the 15 genes identified by RNA-Seq were verified by qRT-PCR. Based on transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis, a mechanism for the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX was proposed. The differential expression profiles between WT and OsRUS1-OX established by this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanism behind the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX.
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16
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PIN3 from Liriodendron May Function in Inflorescence Development and Root Elongation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, the first discovered phytohormone, is important for the growth and development of plants through the establishment of homeostasis and asymmetry. Here, we cloned the auxin transporter gene PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) from the valuable timber tree hybrid Liriodendron (Liriodendron chinense × Liriodendron tulipifera). The gene contained a complete open reading frame of 1917 bp that encoded 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LhPIN3 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the PIN3 of Vitis vinifera. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LhPIN3 was broadly expressed across different tissues/organs of Liriodendron, with the highest expression level in the roots. Heterologous overexpression of LhPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused considerable phenotypic changes, such as the root length and number of flowers. Genetic complementation of Arabidopsis pin1 mutants by LhPIN3, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, fully restored the root length and number of flowers of the pin1 mutant. Overall, our findings reveal that LhPIN3 has similar capacities to regulate the root length and number of flowers of Arabidopsis with AtPIN1.
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17
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Tissue specificity and responses to abiotic stresses and hormones of PIN genes in rice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Wang W, Gao H, Liang Y, Li J, Wang Y. Molecular basis underlying rice tiller angle: Current progress and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:125-137. [PMID: 34896639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller/branch angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hengbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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19
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Wang A, Shu X, Jing X, Jiao C, Chen L, Zhang J, Ma L, Jiang Y, Yamamoto N, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Zou T, Liu H, Wang L, Huang Y, Li P, Zheng A. Identification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genes involved in sheath blight resistance via a genome-wide association study. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1553-1566. [PMID: 33600077 PMCID: PMC8384605 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (RSB) is an economically significant disease affecting rice yield worldwide. Genetic resistance to RSB is associated with multiple minor genes, with each providing a minor phenotypic effect, but the underlying dominant resistance genes remain unknown. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 259 diverse rice varieties, with genotypes based on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype, was conducted to assess their sheath blight reactions at three developmental stages (seedlings, tillering and booting). A total of 653 genes were correlated with sheath blight resistance, of which the disease resistance protein RPM1 (OsRSR1) and protein kinase domain-containing protein (OsRLCK5) were validated by overexpression and knockdown assays. We further found that the coiled-coil (CC) domain of OsRSR1 (OsRSR1-CC) and full-length OsRLCK5 interacted with serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (OsSHM1) and glutaredoxin (OsGRX20), respectively. It was found that OsSHM1, which has a role in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and OsGRX20 enhanced the antioxidation ability of plants. A regulation model of the new RSB resistance though the glutathione (GSH)-ascorbic acid (AsA) antioxidant system was therefore revealed. These results enhance our understanding of RSB resistance mechanisms and provide better gene resources for the breeding of disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinyue Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Jing
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | | | - Lei Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Key laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major DiseaseSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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20
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Panda S, Majhi PK, Anandan A, Mahender A, Veludandi S, Bastia D, Guttala SB, Singh SK, Saha S, Ali J. Proofing Direct-Seeded Rice with Better Root Plasticity and Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6058. [PMID: 34199720 PMCID: PMC8199995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The underground reserve (root) has been an uncharted research territory with its untapped genetic variation yet to be exploited. Identifying ideal traits and breeding new rice varieties with efficient root system architecture (RSA) has great potential to increase resource-use efficiency and grain yield, especially under direct-seeded rice, by adapting to aerobic soil conditions. In this review, we tried to mine the available research information on the direct-seeded rice (DSR) root system to highlight the requirements of different root traits such as root architecture, length, number, density, thickness, diameter, and angle that play a pivotal role in determining the uptake of nutrients and moisture at different stages of plant growth. RSA also faces several stresses, due to excess or deficiency of moisture and nutrients, low or high temperature, or saline conditions. To counteract these hindrances, adaptation in response to stress becomes essential. Candidate genes such as early root growth enhancer PSTOL1, surface rooting QTL qSOR1, deep rooting gene DRO1, and numerous transporters for their respective nutrients and stress-responsive factors have been identified and validated under different circumstances. Identifying the desired QTLs and transporters underlying these traits and then designing an ideal root architecture can help in developing a suitable DSR cultivar and aid in further advancement in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Panda
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; (S.P.); (S.V.)
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | - Prasanta Kumar Majhi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.K.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Annamalai Anandan
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Anumalla Mahender
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Sumanth Veludandi
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Debendranath Bastia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | - Suresh Babu Guttala
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Shravan Kumar Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.K.M.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sanjoy Saha
- Crop Production Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India;
| | - Jauhar Ali
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
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21
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Cui D, Lu H, Tang C, Li J, A X, Yu T, Ma X, Zhang E, Wang Y, Cao G, Xu F, Qiao Y, Dai L, Li R, Tian S, Koh H, Han L. Genomic analyses reveal selection footprints in rice landraces grown under on-farm conservation conditions during a short-term period of domestication. Evol Appl 2020; 13:290-302. [PMID: 31993077 PMCID: PMC6976955 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional rice landraces grown under on-farm conservation conditions by indigenous farmers are extremely important for future crop improvement. However, little is known about how the natural selection and agriculture practices of indigenous farmers interact to shape and change the population genetics of rice landraces grown under on-farm conservation conditions during the domestication. In this study, we sequenced DNA from 108 core on-farm conserved rice landraces collected from the ethnic minority regions of Yunnan, China, including 56 accessions collected in 1980 and 52 accessions collected in 2007 and obtained 2,771,245 of credible SNPs. Our findings show that most genetic diversity was retained during the 27 years of domestication by on-farm conservation. However, SNPs with marked allele frequency differences were found in some genome regions, particularly enriched in genic regions, indicating changes in genic regions may have played a much more prominent role in the short-term domestication of 27 years. We identified 186 and 183 potential selective-sweep regions in the indica and japonica genomes, respectively. We propose that on-farm conserved rice landraces during the short-term domestication had a highly polygenic basis with many loci responding to selection rather than a few loci with critical changes in response to selection. Moreover, loci affecting important agronomic traits and biotic or abiotic stress responses have been particularly targeted in selection. A genome-wide association study identified 90 significant signals for six traits, 13 of which were in regions of selective sweeps. Moreover, we observed a number of significant and interesting associations between loci and environmental factors, which implies adaptation to local environment. Our results provide insights into short-term evolutionary processes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of on-farm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute of Agriculture and Life ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hongfeng Lu
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Cuifeng Tang
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jinmei Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinxiang A
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Tengqiong Yu
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Enlai Zhang
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yanjie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guilan Cao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Furong Xu
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yongli Qiao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luyuan Dai
- Institute of Biotech and Germplasm ResourcesYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Hee‐Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute of Agriculture and Life ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Longzhi Han
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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22
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Comparative Analysis of the PIN Auxin Transporter Gene Family in Different Plant Species: A Focus on Structural and Expression Profiling of PINs in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133270. [PMID: 31277248 PMCID: PMC6650889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and morphogenesis largely benefit from cell elongation and expansion and are normally regulated by environmental stimuli and endogenous hormones. Auxin, as one of the most significant plant growth regulators, controls various phases of plant growth and development. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) gene family of trans-membrane proteins considered as auxin efflux carriers plays a pivotal role in polar auxin transport and then mediates the growth of different plant tissues. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship and structural compositions of the PIN gene family in 19 plant species covering plant major lineages from algae to angiosperms were identified and analyzed by employing multiple bioinformatics methods. A total of 155 PIN genes were identified in these species and found that representative of the PIN gene family in algae came into existence and rapidly expanded in angiosperms (seed plants). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PIN proteins could be divided into 14 distinct clades, and the origin of PIN proteins could be traced back to the common ancestor of green algae. The structural analysis revealed that two putative types (canonical and noncanonical PINs) existed among the PIN proteins according to the length and the composition of the hydrophilic domain of the protein. The expression analysis of the PIN genes exhibited inordinate responsiveness to auxin (IAA) and ABA both in shoots and roots of Solanum tuberosum. While the majority of the StPINs were up-regulated in shoot and down-regulated in root by the two hormones. The majority of PIN genes had one or more putative auxin responses and ABA-inducible response elements in their promoter regions, respectively, implying that these phytohormones regulated the expression of StPIN genes. Our study emphasized the origin and expansion of the PIN gene family and aimed at providing useful insights for further structural and functional exploration of the PIN gene family in the future.
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Kolachevskaya OO, Lomin SN, Arkhipov DV, Romanov GA. Auxins in potato: molecular aspects and emerging roles in tuber formation and stress resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:681-698. [PMID: 30739137 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of the effects of auxins on potato tuberization corresponds to one of the oldest experimental systems in plant biology, which has remained relevant for over 70 years. However, only recently, in the postgenomic era, the role of auxin in tuber formation and other vital processes in potatoes has begun to emerge. This review describes the main results obtained over the entire period of auxin-potato research, including the effects of exogenous auxin; the content and dynamics of endogenous auxins; the effects of manipulating endogenous auxin content; the molecular mechanisms of auxin signaling, transport and inactivation; the role and position of auxin among other tuberigenic factors; the effects of auxin on tuber dormancy; the prospects for auxin use in potato biotechnology. Special attention is paid to recent insights into auxin function in potato tuberization and stress resistance. Taken together, the data discussed here leave no doubt on the important role of auxin in potato tuberization, particularly in the processes of tuber initiation, growth and sprouting. A new integrative model for the stage-dependent auxin action on tuberization is presented. In addition, auxin is shown to differentially affects the potato resistance to biotrophic and necrotrophic biopathogens. Thus, the modern auxin biology opens up new perspectives for further biotechnological improvement of potato crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Kolachevskaya
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sergey N Lomin
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Arkhipov
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Overexpression of Nitrate Transporter OsNRT2.1 Enhances Nitrate-Dependent Root Elongation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040290. [PMID: 30970675 PMCID: PMC6523718 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Root morphology is essential for plant survival. NO3− is not only a nutrient, but also a signal substance affecting root growth in plants. However, the mechanism of NO3−-mediated root growth in rice remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of OsNRT2.1 on root elongation and nitrate signaling-mediated auxin transport using OsNRT2.1 overexpression lines. We observed that the overexpression of OsNRT2.1 increased the total root length in rice, including the seminal root length, total adventitious root length, and total lateral root length in seminal roots and adventitious roots under 0.5-mM NO3− conditions, but not under 0.5-mM NH4+ conditions. Compared with wild type (WT), the 15NO3− influx rate of OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines increased by 24.3%, and the expressions of auxin transporter genes (OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2) also increased significantly under 0.5-mM NO3− conditions. There were no significant differences in root length, ß-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, and the expressions of OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2 in the pDR5::GUS transgenic line between 0.5-mM NO3− and 0.5-mM NH4+ treatments together with N-1-naphthylphalamic acid (NPA) treatment. When exogenous NPA was added to 0.5-mM NO3− nutrient solution, there were no significant differences in the total root length and expressions of OsPIN1a/b/c and OsPIN2 between transgenic plants and WT, although the 15NO3− influx rate of OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines increased by 25.2%. These results indicated that OsNRT2.1 is involved in the pathway of nitrate-dependent root elongation by regulating auxin transport to roots; i.e., overexpressing OsNRT2.1 promotes an effect on root growth upon NO3− treatment that requires active polar auxin transport.
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Matthes MS, Best NB, Robil JM, Malcomber S, Gallavotti A, McSteen P. Auxin EvoDevo: Conservation and Diversification of Genes Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:298-320. [PMID: 30590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin has been shown to be of pivotal importance in growth and development of land plants. The underlying molecular players involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are quite well understood in Arabidopsis. However, functional characterizations of auxin-related genes in economically important crops, specifically maize and rice, are still limited. In this article, we comprehensively review recent functional studies on auxin-related genes in both maize and rice, compared with what is known in Arabidopsis, and highlight conservation and diversification of their functions. Our analysis is illustrated by phylogenetic analysis and publicly available gene expression data for each gene family, which will aid in the identification of auxin-related genes for future research. Current challenges and future directions for auxin research in maize and rice are discussed. Developments in gene editing techniques provide powerful tools for overcoming the issue of redundancy in these gene families and will undoubtedly advance auxin research in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sylvia Matthes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Norman Bradley Best
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Janlo M Robil
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Simon Malcomber
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, 301 Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Inahashi H, Shelley IJ, Yamauchi T, Nishiuchi S, Takahashi-Nosaka M, Matsunami M, Ogawa A, Noda Y, Inukai Y. OsPIN2, which encodes a member of the auxin efflux carrier proteins, is involved in root elongation growth and lateral root formation patterns via the regulation of auxin distribution in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:216-225. [PMID: 29446441 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxin flow is important for different root developmental processes such as root formation, emergence, elongation and gravitropism. However, the detailed information about the mechanisms regulating the auxin flow is less well understood in rice. We characterized the auxin transport-related mutants, Ospin-formed2-1 (Ospin2-1) and Ospin2-2, which exhibited curly root phenotypes and altered lateral root formation patterns in rice. The OsPIN2 gene encodes a member of the auxin efflux carrier proteins that possibly regulates the basipetal auxin flow from the root tip toward the root elongation zone. According to DR5-driven GUS expression, there is an asymmetric auxin distribution in the mutants that corresponded with the asymmetric cell elongation pattern in the mutant root tip. Auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid and Ospin2-1 Osiaa13 double mutant rescued the curly root phenotype indicating that this phenotype results from a defect in proper auxin distribution. The typical curly root phenotype was not observed when Ospin2-1 was grown in distilled water as an alternative to tap water, although higher auxin levels were found at the root tip region of the mutant than that of the wild-type. Therefore, the lateral root formation zone in the mutant was shifted basipetally compared with the wild-type. These results reflect that an altered auxin flow in the root tip region is responsible for root elongation growth and lateral root formation patterns in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Inahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Israt J Shelley
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nishiuchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takahashi-Nosaka
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Maya Matsunami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogawa
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Akita, 010-0146, Japan
| | - Yusaku Noda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inukai
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Zhou JJ, Luo J. The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2759. [PMID: 30223430 PMCID: PMC6164769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers-including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs' recycling and turnover-to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Wang L, Guo M, Li Y, Ruan W, Mo X, Wu Z, Sturrock CJ, Yu H, Lu C, Peng J, Mao C. LARGE ROOT ANGLE1, encoding OsPIN2, is involved in root system architecture in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:385-397. [PMID: 29294052 PMCID: PMC5853395 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture is very important for plant growth and crop yield. It is essential for nutrient and water uptake, anchoring, and mechanical support. Root growth angle (RGA) is a vital constituent of root system architecture and is used as a parameter for variety evaluation in plant breeding. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine root growth angle in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, a rice mutant large root angle1 (lra1) was isolated and shown to exhibit a large RGA and reduced sensitivity to gravity. Genome resequencing and complementation assays identified OsPIN2 as the gene responsible for the mutant phenotypes. OsPIN2 was mainly expressed in roots and the base of shoots, and showed polar localization in the plasma membrane of root epidermal and cortex cells. OsPIN2 was shown to play an important role in mediating root gravitropic responses in rice and was essential for plants to produce normal RGAs. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsPIN2 plays an important role in root gravitropic responses and determining the root system architecture in rice by affecting polar auxin transport in the root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- The Hounsfield Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation During Ovule Development of Female-Sterile Rice fsv1. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:3621-3635. [PMID: 28877971 PMCID: PMC5677159 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of female fertility is an important field of rice sexual reproduction research. DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification that dynamically regulates gene expression during development processes. However, few reports have described the methylation profiles of female-sterile rice during ovule development. In this study, ovules were continuously acquired from the beginning of megaspore mother cell meiosis until the mature female gametophyte formation period, and global DNA methylation patterns were compared in the ovules of a high-frequency female-sterile line (fsv1) and a wild-type rice line (Gui99) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Profiling of the global DNA methylation revealed hypo-methylation, and 3471 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in fsv1 ovules compared with Gui99. Based on functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs), we observed more DMGs enriched in cellular component, reproduction regulation, metabolic pathway, and other pathways. In particular, many ovule development genes and plant hormone-related genes showed significantly different methylation patterns in the two rice lines, and these differences may provide important clues for revealing the mechanism of female gametophyte abortion.
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Liu JM, Park SJ, Huang J, Lee EJ, Xuan YH, Je BI, Kumar V, Priatama RA, Raj K V, Kim SH, Min MK, Cho JH, Kim TH, Chandran AKN, Jung KH, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Han CD. Loose Plant Architecture1 (LPA1) determines lamina joint bending by suppressing auxin signalling that interacts with C-22-hydroxylated and 6-deoxo brassinosteroids in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1883-95. [PMID: 26826218 PMCID: PMC4783368 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lamina inclination is a key agronomical character that determines plant architecture and is sensitive to auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs). Loose Plant Architecture1 (LPA1) in rice (Oryza sativa) and its Arabidopsis homologues (SGR5/AtIDD15) have been reported to control plant architecture and auxin homeostasis. This study explores the role of LPA1 in determining lamina inclination in rice. LPA1 acts as a positive regulator to suppress lamina bending. Genetic and biochemical data indicate that LPA1 suppresses the auxin signalling that interacts with C-22-hydroxylated and 6-deoxo BRs, which regulates lamina inclination independently of OsBRI1. Mutant lpa1 plants are hypersensitive to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during the lamina inclination response, which is suppressed by the brassinazole (Brz) inhibitor of C-22 hydroxylase involved in BR synthesis. A strong synergic effect is detected between lpa1 and d2 (the defective mutant for catalysis of C-23-hydroxylated BRs) during IAA-mediated lamina inclination. No significant interaction between LPA1 and OsBRI1 was identified. The lpa1 mutant is sensitive to C-22-hydroxylated and 6-deoxo BRs in the d61-1 (rice BRI1 mutant) background. We present evidence verifying that two independent pathways function via either BRs or BRI1 to determine IAA-mediated lamina inclination in rice. RNA sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR indicate that LPA1 influences the expression of three OsPIN genes (OsPIN1a, OsPIN1c and OsPIN3a), which suggests that auxin flux might be an important factor in LPA1-mediated lamina inclination in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao Liu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Department of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shengyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shengyang, China 110866
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryza A Priatama
- Department of Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vimal Raj K
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ki Min
- Department of Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeon Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, NICS (National Institute of Crop Science), RDA, 20th Jeompiljaero, Miryang, Gyeongnam 627-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-857, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suguru Takatsuto
- Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8512 Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chang-Deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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de Almeida MR, de Bastiani D, Gaeta ML, de Araújo Mariath JE, de Costa F, Retallick J, Nolan L, Tai HH, Strömvik MV, Fett-Neto AG. Comparative transcriptional analysis provides new insights into the molecular basis of adventitious rooting recalcitrance in Eucalyptus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:155-65. [PMID: 26398800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting (AR) is essential in clonal propagation. Eucalyptus globulus is relevant for the cellulose industry due to its low lignin content. However, several useful clones are recalcitrant to AR, often requiring exogenous auxin, adding cost to clonal garden operations. In contrast, E. grandis is an easy-to-root species widely used in clonal forestry. Aiming at contributing to the elucidation of recalcitrance causes in E. globulus, we conducted a comparative analysis with these two species differing in rooting competence, combining gene expression and anatomical techniques. Recalcitrance in E. globulus is reversed by exposure to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes important gene expression modifications in both species. The endogenous content of IAA was significantly higher in E. grandis than in E. globulus. The cambium zone was identified as an active area during AR, concentrating the first cell divisions. Immunolocalization assay showed auxin accumulation in cambium cells, further indicating the importance of this region for rooting. We then performed a cambium zone-specific gene expression analysis during AR using laser microdissection. The results indicated that the auxin-related genes TOPLESS and IAA12/BODENLOS and the cytokinin-related gene ARR1may act as negative regulators of AR, possibly contributing to the hard-to-root phenotype of E. globulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Rodrigues de Almeida
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Plant Gene Regulation and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Daniela de Bastiani
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Letaif Gaeta
- Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Retallick
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Lana Nolan
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Helen H Tai
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Martina V Strömvik
- Plant Gene Regulation and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Balzan S, Johal GS, Carraro N. The role of auxin transporters in monocots development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:393. [PMID: 25177324 PMCID: PMC4133927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, orchestrating cell division, elongation and differentiation, embryonic development, root and stem tropisms, apical dominance, and transition to flowering. Auxin levels are higher in undifferentiated cell populations and decrease following organ initiation and tissue differentiation. This differential auxin distribution is achieved by polar auxin transport (PAT) mediated by auxin transport proteins. There are four major families of auxin transporters in plants: PIN-FORMED (PIN), ATP-binding cassette family B (ABCB), AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1s, and PIN-LIKES. These families include proteins located at the plasma membrane or at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which participate in auxin influx, efflux or both, from the apoplast into the cell or from the cytosol into the ER compartment. Auxin transporters have been largely studied in the dicotyledon model species Arabidopsis, but there is increasing evidence of their role in auxin regulated development in monocotyledon species. In monocots, families of auxin transporters are enlarged and often include duplicated genes and proteins with high sequence similarity. Some of these proteins underwent sub- and neo-functionalization with substantial modification to their structure and expression in organs such as adventitious roots, panicles, tassels, and ears. Most of the present information on monocot auxin transporters function derives from studies conducted in rice, maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium, using pharmacological applications (PAT inhibitors) or down-/up-regulation (over-expression and RNA interference) of candidate genes. Gene expression studies and comparison of predicted protein structures have also increased our knowledge of the role of PAT in monocots. However, knockout mutants and functional characterization of single genes are still scarce and the future availability of such resources will prove crucial to elucidate the role of auxin transporters in monocots development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balzan
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, Agripolis, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Gurmukh S. Johal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicola Carraro
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zou Y, Liu X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Qiu Y, Zhang W. OsRPK1, a novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, negatively regulates polar auxin transport and root development in rice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1676-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Akiba T, Hibara KI, Kimura F, Tsuda K, Shibata K, Ishibashi M, Moriya C, Nakagawa K, Kurata N, Itoh JI, Ito Y. Organ fusion and defective shoot development in oni3 mutants of rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:42-51. [PMID: 24192297 PMCID: PMC3894709 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of organ separation is one of the essential phenomena for normal plant development. We have identified and analyzed ONION3 (ONI3), which is required for avoiding organ fusions in rice. Loss-of-function mutations of ONI3, which were identified as mutants with ectopic expression of KNOX genes in leaves and morphologically resembling KNOX overexpressors, showed abnormal organ fusions in developing shoots. The mutant seedlings showed fusions between neighboring organs and also within an organ; they stopped growing soon after germination and subsequently died. ONI3 was shown to encode an enzyme that is most similar to Arabidopsis HOTHEAD and is involved in biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. Expression analyses showed that ONI3 was specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer in the shoot apex throughout life cycle, and the oni3 mutants had an aberrant outermost cell layer. Our results together with previous studies suggest that long-chain fatty acids are required for avoiding organ fusions and promoting normal shoot development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Akiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
- Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kiko Shibata
- Yamagata Nishi High School, Yamagata, 990-2492 Japan
| | - Mayu Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- Present address: Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Osaki, 989-6227 Japan
| | - Chihiro Moriya
- Sendai Shirayuri Gakuen High School, Sendai, 981-3205 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax: +81-22-717-8834
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Uga Y, Sugimoto K, Ogawa S, Rane J, Ishitani M, Hara N, Kitomi Y, Inukai Y, Ono K, Kanno N, Inoue H, Takehisa H, Motoyama R, Nagamura Y, Wu J, Matsumoto T, Takai T, Okuno K, Yano M. Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1097-102. [PMID: 23913002 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The genetic improvement of drought resistance is essential for stable and adequate crop production in drought-prone areas. Here we demonstrate that alteration of root system architecture improves drought avoidance through the cloning and characterization of DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1), a rice quantitative trait locus controlling root growth angle. DRO1 is negatively regulated by auxin and is involved in cell elongation in the root tip that causes asymmetric root growth and downward bending of the root in response to gravity. Higher expression of DRO1 increases the root growth angle, whereby roots grow in a more downward direction. Introducing DRO1 into a shallow-rooting rice cultivar by backcrossing enabled the resulting line to avoid drought by increasing deep rooting, which maintained high yield performance under drought conditions relative to the recipient cultivar. Our experiments suggest that control of root system architecture will contribute to drought avoidance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Uga
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Tsuda K, Akiba T, Kimura F, Ishibashi M, Moriya C, Nakagawa K, Kurata N, Ito Y. ONION2 fatty acid elongase is required for shoot development in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:209-17. [PMID: 23220821 PMCID: PMC3583024 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A plant's surface is covered with epicuticular wax, which protects plants from inappropriate environmental conditions such as drought and pathogen attack. Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are the main component of epicuticular wax on the surface of above-ground organs. Here we show that a fatty acid elongase catalyzing an elongation reaction of VLCFAs is required for shoot development in rice. onion2 (oni2) mutants produced very small shoots in which leaves were fused to each other, and ceased growing after germination. The midrib of oni2 leaf blades was not developed correctly. Molecular cloning showed that ONI2 encodes a fatty acid elongase, which catalyzes the first step of elongation reactions of a carbon chain of VLCFAs, and oni2 had a reduced amount of VLCFAs. Expression analysis showed that ONI2 is specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer of young lateral organs. These results suggest that ONI2 is a layer 1-specific gene required for development of the entire shoot and that VLCFAs play an essential role in normal shoot development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- Present address: Plant Gene Expression Center, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Takafumi Akiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Mayu Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- Present address: Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, 88 Fukoku Osaki, Furukawa, Osaki, Miyagi-ken, 989-6227 Japan
| | - Chihiro Moriya
- Sendai Shirayuri Gakuen High School, 1-2-1 Murasakiyama, Izumi-ku, Sendai, 981-3205 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, 411-8540 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Yukihiro Ito, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-717-8834; Nori Kurata, E-mail, ; Fax: +81-55-981-6872
| | - Yukihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
- *Corresponding authors: Yukihiro Ito, E-mail, ; Fax, +81-22-717-8834; Nori Kurata, E-mail, ; Fax: +81-55-981-6872
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Roumeliotis E, Kloosterman B, Oortwijn M, Visser RGF, Bachem CWB. The PIN family of proteins in potato and their putative role in tuberization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:524. [PMID: 24391658 PMCID: PMC3867687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The PIN family of trans-membrane proteins mediates auxin efflux throughout the plant and during various phases of plant development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the PIN family comprised of 8 members, divided into "short" and "long" PINs according to the length of the hydrophilic domain of the protein. Based on sequence homology using the recently published potato genome sequence (Solanum tuberosum group Phureja) we identified ten annotated potato StPIN genes. Mining the publicly available gene expression data, we constructed a catalog tissue specificity of StPIN gene expression, focusing on the process of tuberization. A total of four StPIN genes exhibited increased expression 4 days after tuber induction, prior to the onset of stolon swelling. For two PIN genes, StPIN4 and StPIN2, promoter sequences were cloned and fused to the GUS reporter protein to study tissue specificity in more detail. StPIN4 promoter driven GUS staining was detected in the flower stigma, in the flower style, below the ovary and petals, in the root tips, in the vascular tissue of the stolons and in the tuber parenchyma cells. StPIN2 promoter driven GUS staining was detected in flower buds, in the vascular tissue of the swelling stolons and in the storage parenchyma of the growing tubers. Based on our results, we postulate a role for the StPINs in redistributing auxin in the swelling stolon during early events in tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Roumeliotis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotersity of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bjorn Kloosterman
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Keygene N.V.Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marian Oortwijn
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems GenomicsWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian W. B. Bachem
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Christian W. B. Bachem, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands e-mail:
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Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang W, Yan S, Wang R, Zhao J, Li Y, Qi Z, Sun Z, Zhu Z. The putative auxin efflux carrier OsPIN3t is involved in the drought stress response and drought tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:805-16. [PMID: 22882529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a critical role in plant growth and development, and its spatial distribution largely depends on the polar localization of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carrier family members. In this study, we identify a putative auxin efflux carrier gene in rice, OsPIN3t, which acts in auxin polar transport but is also involved in the drought stress response in rice. We show that OsPIN3t-GFP fusion proteins are localized in plasma membranes, and this subcellular localization changes under 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) treatment. The tissue-specific expression patterns of OsPIN3t were also investigated using a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter, which showed that OsPIN3t was mainly expressed in vascular tissue. The GUS activity in OsPIN3tpro::GUS plants increased by NAA treatment and decreased by NPA treatment. Moreover, knockdown of OsPIN3t caused crown root abnormalities in the seedling stage that could be phenocopied by treatment of wild-type plants with NPA, which indicated that OsPIN3t is involved in the control of polar auxin transport. Overexpression of OsPIN3t led to improved drought tolerance, and GUS activity significantly increased when OsPIN3tpro::GUS plants were subjected to 20% polyethylene glycol stress. Taken together, these results suggest that OsPIN3t is involved in auxin transport and the drought stress response, which suggests that a polar auxin transport pathway is involved in the regulation of the response to water stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
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Li YH, Zou MH, Feng BH, Huang X, Zhang Z, Sun GM. Molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding an auxin efflux carrier and the auxin influx carriers associated with the adventitious root formation in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cotyledon segments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 55:33-42. [PMID: 22522578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport (PAT) plays an important role in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we cloned a gene encoding an auxin efflux carrier (designated as MiPIN1), and we cloned four genes encoding auxin influx carriers (designated as MiAUX1, MiAUX2, MiAUX3 and MiAUX4). The results of a phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that MiPIN1 and the MiAUXs belong to plant PIN and AUXs/LAXs groups. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the expression of MiPIN1 and the MiAUXs was lowest at 0 days but sharply increased on and after day 4. During the root formation in the mango cotyledon segments, the MiPIN1 expression in the distal cut surface (DCS) was always higher than the expression in the proximal cut surface (PCS) whereas the expression of the MiAUXs in the PCS was usually higher than in the DCS. This expression pattern might be result in the PAT from the DCS to the PCS, which is essential for the adventitious root formation in the PCS. Our previous study indicated that a pre-treatment of embryos with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) significantly promoted adventitious rooting in PCS whereas a pre-treatment with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) completely inhibited this rooting. In this study, however, IBA and TIBA pre-treatments slightly changed the expression of MiPIN1. In contrast, while the MiAUX3 and MiAUX4 expression levels were significantly up-regulated by the IBA pre-treatment, the expression levels were down-regulated by the TIBA pre-treatment. These findings imply that MiAUX3 and MiAUX4 are more sensitive to the IBA and TIBA treatments and that they might play important roles during adventitious root formation in mango cotyledon segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang 524091, People's Republic of China.
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Takasugi T, Ito Y. Altered expression of auxin-related genes in the fatty acid elongase mutant oni1 of rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:887-8. [PMID: 21543885 PMCID: PMC3218496 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.6.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
VLCFAs are the main components of cuticular wax, which covers and protects plants from physical and biological stresses. However, the effect of fatty acid composition or the physiological role of VLCFAs on plant development under normal growth conditions is not well understood. We analyzed loss-of-function mutants of ONION1 (ONI1) which encodes fatty acid elongase (β-ketoacyl CoA synthase) catalyzing an elongation reaction of a carbon chain of VLCFAs. We showed that oni1 shoot contained a reduced amount of VLCFAs, and differentiation and functionality of an outermost cell layer (L1) were highly perturbed in oni1 shoot. In spite of the L1-specific expression of ONI1, the effects of the oni1 mutation were not restricted to L1, but expanded to inner cells, so that the entire shoot development was impaired including failure of the maintenance of the SAM and ectopic expression of SAM-specific KNOX genes in leaf. Thus, ONI1 function is cell non-autonomous, and signaling from L1 to inner cells may support proper development of inner cells. Here we report that expression of auxin-related genes was affected in oni1 shoot, and we speculate the existence of improper auxin distribution due to a lack of normal L1 in oni1 shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Takasugi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
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