1
|
Sharma V, Sharma DP, Salwan R. Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106772. [PMID: 38969183 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali PB 140413, India.
| | - D P Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nie X, Zhang Y, Chu S, Yu W, Liu Y, Yan B, Zhao S, Gao W, Li C, Shi X, Zheng R, Fang K, Qin L, Xing Y. New insights into the evolution and local adaptation of the genus Castanea in east Asia. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae147. [PMID: 38988617 PMCID: PMC11233864 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Chestnut plants (Castanea) are important nut fruit trees worldwide. However, little is known regarding the genetic relationship and evolutionary history of different species within the genus. How modern chestnut plants have developed local adaptation to various climates remains a mystery. The genomic data showed that Castanea henryi first diverged in the Oligocene ~31.56 million years ago, followed by Castanea mollissima, and the divergence between Castanea seguinii and Castanea crenata occurred in the mid-Miocene. Over the last 5 million years, the population of chestnut plants has continued to decline. A combination of selective sweep and environmental association studies was applied to investigate the genomic basis of chestnut adaptation to different climates. Twenty-two candidate genes were associated with temperature and precipitation. We also revealed the molecular mechanism by which CmTOE1 interacts with CmZFP8 and CmGIS3 to promote the formation of non-glandular trichomes for adaptation to low temperature and high altitudes. We found a significant expansion of CER1 genes in Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) and verified the CmERF48 regulation of CmCER1.6 adaptation to drought environments. These results shed light on the East Asian chestnut plants as a monophyletic group that had completed interspecific differentiation in the Miocene, and provided candidate genes for future studies on adaptation to climate change in nut trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shihui Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Boqian Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueteng Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ruijie Zheng
- Liaoning Economic Forest Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Kefeng Fang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv S, Tang X, Jiang L, Zhang J, Sun B, Liu Q, Mao X, Yu H, Chen P, Chen W, Fan Z, Li C. OsLSC6 Regulates Leaf Sheath Color and Cold Tolerance in Rice Revealed by Metabolite Genome Wide Association Study. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 38739288 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant metabolites including anthocyanins play an important role in the growth of plants, as well as in regulating biotic and abiotic stress responses to the environment. Here we report comprehensive profiling of 3315 metabolites and a further metabolic-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) based on 292,485 SNPs obtained from 311 rice accessions, including 160 wild and 151 cultivars. We identified hundreds of common variants affecting a large number of secondary metabolites with large effects at high throughput. Finally, we identified a novel gene namely OsLSC6 (Oryza sativa leaf sheath color 6), which encoded a UDP 3-O-glucosyltransferase and involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis of Cyanidin-3-Galc (sd1825) responsible for leaf sheath color, and resulted in significant different accumulation of sd1825 between wild (purple) and cultivars (green). The results of knockout transgenic experiments showed that OsLSC6 regulated the biosynthesis and accumulation of sd1825, controlled the purple leaf sheath. Our further research revealed that OsLSC6 also confers resistance to cold stress during the seedling stage in rice. And we identified that a SNP in OsLSC6 was responsible for the leaf sheath color and chilling tolerance, supporting the importance of OsLSC6 in plant adaption. Our study could not only demonstrate that OsLSC6 is a vital regulator during anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses, but also provide a powerful complementary tool based on metabolites-to-genes analysis by mGWAS for functional gene identification andpromising candidate in future rice breeding and improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Lv
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhilan Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang P, Wang T, Cao L, Jiao Z, Ku L, Dou D, Liu Z, Fu J, Xie X, Zhu Y, Chong L, Wei L. Molecular mechanism analysis of ZmRL6 positively regulating drought stress tolerance in maize. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:47. [PMID: 37971599 PMCID: PMC10654321 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
MYB-related genes, a subclass of MYB transcription factor family, have been documented to play important roles in biological processes such as secondary metabolism and stress responses that affect plant growth and development. However, the regulatory roles of MYB-related genes in drought stress response remain unclear in maize. In this study, we discovered that a 1R-MYB gene, ZmRL6, encodes a 96-amino acid protein and is highly drought-inducible. We also found that it is conserved in both barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Aegilops tauschii. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of ZmRL6 can enhance drought tolerance while knock-out of ZmRL6 by CRISPR-Cas9 results in drought hypersensitivity. DAP-seq analyses additionally revealed the ZmRL6 target genes mainly contain ACCGTT, TTACCAAAC and AGCCCGAG motifs in their promoters. By combining RNA-seq and DAP-seq results together, we subsequently identified eight novel target genes of ZmRL6 that are involved in maize's hormone signal transduction, sugar metabolism, lignin synthesis, and redox signaling/oxidative stress. Collectively, our data provided insights into the roles of ZmRL6 in maize's drought response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Liru Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dandan Dou
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiaxu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Leelyn Chong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Li Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gharabli H, Della Gala V, Welner DH. The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108182. [PMID: 37268151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor. Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are involved in the biosynthesis of countless types of glycosides. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, also referred to as uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glycosylate small molecules such as secondary metabolites and xenobiotics. In plants, UGTs are recognised for their multiple functionalities ranging from roles in growth regulation and development, in protection against pathogens and abiotic stresses and in adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we review UGT-mediated glycosylation of phytohormones, endogenous secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics and contextualise the role this chemical modification plays in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant fitness. Here, the potential advantages and drawbacks of altering the expression patterns of specific UGTs along with the heterologous expression of UGTs across plant species to improve stress tolerance in plants are discussed. We conclude that UGT-based genetic modification of plants could potentially enhance agricultural efficiency and take part in controlling the biological activity of xenobiotics in bioremediation strategies. However, more knowledge of the intricate interplay between UGTs in plants is needed to unlock the full potential of UGTs in crop resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Gharabli
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valeria Della Gala
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nan J, Ling Y, An J, Wang T, Chai M, Fu J, Wang G, Yang C, Yang Y, Han B. Genome resequencing reveals independent domestication and breeding improvement of naked oat. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad061. [PMID: 37524540 PMCID: PMC10390318 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important cereal crop, common oat, has attracted more and more attention due to its healthy nutritional components and bioactive compounds. Here, high-depth resequencing of 115 oat accessions and closely related hexaploid species worldwide was performed. Based on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium analysis, it was found that hulled oat (Avena sativa) experienced a more severe bottleneck than naked oat (Avena sativa var. nuda). Combined with the divergence time of ∼51,200 years ago, the previous speculation that naked oat was a variant of hulled oat was rejected. It was found that the common segments that hulled oat introgressed to naked oat cultivars contained 444 genes, mainly enriched in photosynthetic efficiency-related pathways. Selective sweeps during environmental adaptation and breeding improvement were identified in the naked oat genome. Candidate genes associated with smut resistance and the days to maturity phenotype were also identified. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights into naked oat domestication and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Nan
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jianghong An
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Mingna Chai
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Beijing 8omics Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Gaochao Wang
- Beijing 8omics Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Cai Yang
- Inner Mongolia Guomai Agriculture Co. Ltd, Xilingol League, Xilinhot City 026005, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nowicka B. Modifications of Phytohormone Metabolism Aimed at Stimulation of Plant Growth, Improving Their Productivity and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36559545 PMCID: PMC9781743 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing human population, the increase in crop yield is an important challenge for modern agriculture. As abiotic and biotic stresses cause severe losses in agriculture, it is also crucial to obtain varieties that are more tolerant to these factors. In the past, traditional breeding methods were used to obtain new varieties displaying demanded traits. Nowadays, genetic engineering is another available tool. An important direction of the research on genetically modified plants concerns the modification of phytohormone metabolism. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research concerning the modulation of phytohormone content aimed at the stimulation of plant growth and the improvement of stress tolerance. It aims to provide a useful basis for developing new strategies for crop yield improvement by genetic engineering of phytohormone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Y, Qu J, Yu H, Yang Q, Li W, Fu F. Genomic Characteristics of Elite Maize Inbred Line 18-599 and Its Transcriptional Response to Drought and Low-Temperature Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3242. [PMID: 36501283 PMCID: PMC9739999 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elite inbred line 18-599 was developed via triple test cross from introduced hybrid P78599 and used as parents of dozens of maize hybrids adapting to the diverse ecological conditions of the maize ecological region in Southwest China. In this study, its genomic DNA was resequenced and aligned with the B73 genome sequence to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and insertion (In) and deletion (Del) loci. These loci were aligned with those between B73 and 1020 inbred lines in the HapMap database to identify specific variation loci of 18-599. The results showed that there were 930,439 specific SNPs and 358,750 InDels between 18-599 and the 1020 lines. In total, 21,961 of them showed significant impacts on the functions of 12,297 genes, such as frameshift, change of splicing site, stop gain, change of start site, and stop loss. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 18-599 was closely related to inbred lines ZEAxujRAUDIAAPE and 2005-4, but far from some inbred lines directly isolated from P78599. This result indicated that 18-599 not only pyramided the elite genes of P78599, but also acquired genetic divergence during the repetitive backcrosses of triple test cross to confer its elite agronomic characteristics. Subsequently, the RNA of 18-599 was sequenced. The aligned 9713 and 37,528 of the 165,098 unigenes were screened and aligned with annotated transcripts of the B73 genome differentially expressed under drought and low-temperature stress, respectively, and their functions were involved in the responses to these stresses. The quantitative PCR results of fourteen random genes verified the RNA sequencing results. These findings suggest that the transcriptional responses of many resistance-related genes were an important mechanism for 18-599 to adapt to diverse ecological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fengling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thabet SG, Alomari DZ, Börner A, Brinch-Pedersen H, Alqudah AM. Elucidating the genetic architecture controlling antioxidant status and ionic balance in barley under salt stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:287-300. [PMID: 35918559 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Association genetic analysis empowered us to identify candidate genes underlying natural variation of morpho-physiological, antioxidants, and grain yield-related traits in barley. Novel intriguing genomic regions were identified and dissected. Salinity stress is one of the abiotic stresses that influence the morpho-physiological, antioxidants, and yield-related traits in crop plants. The plants of a core set of 138 diverse barley accessions were analyzed after exposure to salt stress under field conditions during the reproductive phase. A genome-wide association scan (GWAS) was then conducted using 19,276 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to uncover the genetic basis of morpho-physiological and grain-related traits. A wide range of responses to salt stress by the accessions was explored in the current study. GWAS detected 263 significantly associated SNPs with the antioxidants, K+/Na+ content ratio, and agronomic traits. Five genomic regions harbored interesting putative candidate genes within LD ± 1.2 Mbp. Choromosome 2H harbored many candidate genes associated with the antioxidants ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), under salt stress. Markedly, an A:C SNP at 153,773,211 bp on chromosome 7H is located inside the gene HORVU.MOREX.r3.7HG0676830 (153,772,300-153,774,057 bp) that was annotated as L-gulonolactone oxidase, regulating the natural variation of SOD_S and APX_S. The allelic variation at this SNP reveals a negative selection of accessions carrying the C allele, predominantly found in six-rowed spring landraces originating from Far-, Near-East, and central Asia carrying photoperiod sensitive alleles having lower activity of enzymatic antioxidants. The SNP-trait associations detected in the current study constitute a benchmark for developing molecular selection tools for antioxidant compound selection in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar G Thabet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Dalia Z Alomari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Henrik Brinch-Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carlson CH, Fiedler JD, Naraghi SM, Nazareno ES, Ardayfio NK, McMullen MS, Kianian SF. Archetypes of inflorescence: genome-wide association networks of panicle morphometric, growth, and disease variables in a multiparent oat population. Genetics 2022; 223:6700642. [PMID: 36106985 PMCID: PMC9910404 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the morphometric relationships of panicle traits in oat (Avena sativa) and their contribution to phenology and growth, physiology, and pathology traits important for yield. To model panicle growth and development and identify genomic regions associated with corresponding traits, 10 diverse spring oat mapping populations (n = 2,993) were evaluated in the field and 9 genotyped via genotyping-by-sequencing. Representative panicles from all progeny individuals, parents, and check lines were scanned, and images were analyzed using manual and automated techniques, resulting in over 60 unique panicle, rachis, and spikelet variables. Spatial modeling and days to heading were used to account for environmental and phenological variances, respectively. Panicle variables were intercorrelated, providing reproducible archetypal and growth models. Notably, adult plant resistance for oat crown rust was most prominent for taller, stiff stalked plants having a more open panicle structure. Within and among family variance for panicle traits reflected the moderate-to-high heritability and mutual genome-wide associations (hotspots) with numerous high-effect loci. Candidate genes and potential breeding applications are discussed. This work adds to the growing genetic resources for oat and provides a unique perspective on the genetic basis of panicle architecture in cereal crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Carlson
- Corresponding author: Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | | | - Eric S Nazareno
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Naa Korkoi Ardayfio
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Michael S McMullen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mandal S, Ghorai M, Anand U, Samanta D, Kant N, Mishra T, Rahman MH, Jha NK, Jha SK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar M, Radha, Prasanth DA, Mane AB, Gopalakrishnan AV, Biswas P, Proćków J, Dey A. Cytokinin and abiotic stress tolerance -What has been accomplished and the way forward? Front Genet 2022; 13:943025. [PMID: 36017502 PMCID: PMC9395584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in utilizing the phytohormone, to increase productivity. Through this review, we briefly describe the biological role of cytokinin in enhancing the performance of plants growth under abiotic challenges as well as the probable mechanisms underpinning cytokinin-induced stress tolerance. In addition, the article lays forth a strategy for using biotechnological tools to modify genes in the cytokinin pathway to engineer abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The information presented here will assist in better understanding the function of cytokinin in plants and their effective investigation in the cropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- School of Health and Allied Science, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Abhijit Bhagwan Mane
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya (affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur), Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fang X, Ma J, Guo F, Qi D, Zhao M, Zhang C, Wang L, Song B, Liu S, He S, Liu Y, Wu J, Xu P, Zhang S. The AP2/ERF GmERF113 Positively Regulates the Drought Response by Activating GmPR10-1 in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158159. [PMID: 35897735 PMCID: PMC9330420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in biotic and abiotic stress; however, the drought resistance mechanisms of many ERFs in soybeans have not been resolved. Previously, we proved that GmERF113 enhances resistance to the pathogen Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Here, we determined that GmERF113 is induced by 20% PEG-6000. Compared to the wild-type plants, soybean plants overexpressing GmERF113 (GmERF113-OE) displayed increased drought tolerance which was characterized by milder leaf wilting, less water loss from detached leaves, smaller stomatal aperture, lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased proline accumulation, and higher Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) activities under drought stress, whereas plants with GmERF113 silenced through RNA interference were the opposite. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual effector-reporter assays showed that GmERF113 binds to the GCC-box in the GmPR10-1 promoter, activating GmPR10-1 expression directly. Overexpressing GmPR10-1 improved drought resistance in the composite soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. RNA-seq analysis revealed that GmERF113 downregulates abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 3 (GmABA8’-OH 3) and upregulates various drought-related genes. Overexpressing GmERF113 and GmPR10-1 increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced the expression of GmABA8’-OH3 in transgenic soybean plants and hairy roots, respectively. These results reveal that the GmERF113-GmPR10-1 pathway improves drought resistance and affects the ABA content in soybean, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of drought-tolerant soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jia Ma
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fengcai Guo
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dongyue Qi
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Le Wang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Song
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shengfu He
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hayford RK, Serba DD, Xie S, Ayyappan V, Thimmapuram J, Saha MC, Wu CH, Kalavacharla VK. Global analysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) transcriptomes in response to interactive effects of drought and heat stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:107. [PMID: 35260072 PMCID: PMC8903725 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable production of high-quality feedstock has been of great interest in bioenergy research. Despite the economic importance, high temperatures and water deficit are limiting factors for the successful cultivation of switchgrass in semi-arid areas. There are limited reports on the molecular basis of combined abiotic stress tolerance in switchgrass, particularly the combination of drought and heat stress. We used transcriptomic approaches to elucidate the changes in the response of switchgrass to drought and high temperature simultaneously. RESULTS We conducted solely drought treatment in switchgrass plant Alamo AP13 by withholding water after 45 days of growing. For the combination of drought and heat effect, heat treatment (35 °C/25 °C day/night) was imposed after 72 h of the initiation of drought. Samples were collected at 0 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, and 168 h after treatment imposition, total RNA was extracted, and RNA-Seq conducted. Out of a total of 32,190 genes, we identified 3912, as drought (DT) responsive genes, 2339 and 4635 as, heat (HT) and drought and heat (DTHT) responsive genes, respectively. There were 209, 106, and 220 transcription factors (TFs) differentially expressed under DT, HT and DTHT respectively. Gene ontology annotation identified the metabolic process as the significant term enriched in DTHT genes. Other biological processes identified in DTHT responsive genes included: response to water, photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction processes, and response to stress. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on DT and DTHT responsive genes revealed that TFs and genes controlling phenylpropanoid pathways were important for individual as well as combined stress response. For example, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) from the phenylpropanoid pathway was induced by single DT and combinations of DTHT stress. CONCLUSION Through RNA-Seq analysis, we have identified unique and overlapping genes in response to DT and combined DTHT stress in switchgrass. The combination of DT and HT stress may affect the photosynthetic machinery and phenylpropanoid pathway of switchgrass which negatively impacts lignin synthesis and biomass production of switchgrass. The biological function of genes identified particularly in response to DTHT stress could further be confirmed by techniques such as single point mutation or RNAi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita K Hayford
- Molecular Genetics and Epigenomics Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Desalegn D Serba
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vasudevan Ayyappan
- Molecular Genetics and Epigenomics Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | | | - Malay C Saha
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, USA.
| | - Cathy H Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Venu Kal Kalavacharla
- Molecular Genetics and Epigenomics Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
- Center for Integrated Biological and Environmental Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Srivastava P, Garg A, Misra RC, Chanotiya CS, Ghosh S. UGT86C11 is a novel plant UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in labdane diterpene biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101045. [PMID: 34363833 PMCID: PMC8427245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases constitute a large family of enzymes across all domains of life, but knowledge of their biochemical function remains largely incomplete, particularly in the context of plant specialized metabolism. The labdane diterpenes represent a large class of phytochemicals with many pharmacological benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic. The medicinal plant kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) produces bioactive labdane diterpenes; notably, the C19-hydroxyl diterpene (andrograpanin) is predominantly found as C19-O-glucoside (neoandrographolide), whereas diterpenes having additional hydroxylation(s) at C3 (14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide) or C3 and C14 (andrographolide) are primarily detected as aglycones, signifying scaffold-selective C19-O-glucosylation of diterpenes in planta. Here, we analyzed UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) activity and diterpene levels across various developmental stages and tissues and found an apparent correlation of UGT activity with the spatiotemporal accumulation of neoandrographolide, the major diterpene C19-O-glucoside. The biochemical analysis of recombinant UGTs preferentially expressed in neoandrographolide-accumulating tissues identified a previously uncharacterized UGT86 member (ApUGT12/UGT86C11) that catalyzes C19-O-glucosylation of diterpenes with strict scaffold selectivity. ApUGT12 localized to the cytoplasm and catalyzed diterpene C19-O-glucosylation in planta. The substrate selectivity demonstrated by the recombinant ApUGT12 expressed in plant and bacterium hosts was comparable to native UGT activity. Recombinant ApUGT12 showed significantly higher catalytic efficiency using andrograpanin compared with 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and trivial activity using andrographolide. Moreover, ApUGT12 silencing in plants led to a drastic reduction in neoandrographolide content and increased levels of andrograpanin. These data suggest the involvement of ApUGT12 in scaffold-selective C19-O-glucosylation of labdane diterpenes in plants. This knowledge of UGT86 function might help in developing plant chemotypes and synthesis of pharmacologically relevant diterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Srivastava
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Phytochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jogawat A, Yadav B, Lakra N, Singh AK, Narayan OP. Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1106-1132. [PMID: 33421146 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Om Prakash Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen L, Zhao J, Song J, Jameson PE. Cytokinin glucosyl transferases, key regulators of cytokinin homeostasis, have potential value for wheat improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:878-896. [PMID: 33811433 PMCID: PMC8131048 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinins, which are N6 -substituted adenine derivatives, control key aspects of crop productivity. Cytokinin levels are controlled via biosynthesis by isopentenyl transferase (IPT), destruction by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), and inactivation via glucosylation by cytokinin glucosyl transferases (CGTs). While both yield components and tolerance to drought and related abiotic stressors have been positively addressed via manipulation of IPT and/or CKX expression, much less attention has been paid to the CGTs. As naming of the CGTs has been unclear, we suggest COGT, CNGT, CONGT and CNOGT to describe the O-, N- and dual function CGTs. As specific CGT mutants of both rice and arabidopsis showed impacts on yield components, we interrogated the wheat genome database, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 & v2.0, to investigate wheat CGTs. Besides providing unambiguous names for the 53 wheat CGTs, we show their expression patterns in 70 developmental tissues and their response characteristics to various stress conditions by reviewing more than 1000 RNA-seq data sets. These revealed various patterns of responses and showed expression generally being more limited in reproductive tissues than in vegetative tissues. Multiple cis-regulatory elements are present in the 3 kb upstream of the start codons of the 53 CGTs. Elements associated with abscisic acid, light and methyl jasmonate are particularly over-represented, indicative of the responsiveness of CGTs to the environment. These data sets indicate that CGTs have potential value for wheat improvement and that these could be targeted in TILLING or gene editing wheat breeding programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | | | - Paula E. Jameson
- School of Life SciencesYantai UniversityYantaiChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Validation of molecular response of tuberization in response to elevated temperature by using a transient Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in potato. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:215-229. [PMID: 33611637 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Temperature plays an important role in potato tuberization. The ideal night temperature for tuber formation is ~17 °C while temperature beyond 22 °C drastically reduces the tuber yield. Moreover, high temperature has several undesirable effects on the plant and tubers. Investigation of the genes involved in tuberization under heat stress can be helpful in the generation of heat-tolerant potato varieties. Five genes, including StSSH2 (succinic semialdehyde reductase isoform 2), StWTF (WRKY transcription factor), StUGT (UDP-glucosyltransferase), StBHP (Bel1 homeotic protein), and StFLTP (FLOWERING LOCUS T protein), involved in tuberization and heat stress in potato were investigated. The results of our microarray analysis suggested that these genes regulate and function as transcriptional factors, hormonal signaling, cellular homeostasis, and mobile tuberization signals under elevated temperature in contrasting KS (Kufri Surya) and KCM (Kufri Chandramukhi) potato cultivars. However, no detailed report is available which establishes functions of these genes in tuberization under heat stress. Thus, the present study was designed to validate the functions of these genes in tuber signaling and heat tolerance using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Results indicated that VIGS transformed plants had a consequential reduction in StSSH2, StWTF, StUGT, StBHP, and StFLTP transcripts compared to the control plants. Phenotypic observations suggest an increase in plant senescence, reductions to both number and size of tubers, and a decrease in plant dry matter compared to the control plants. We also establish the potency of VIGS as a high-throughput technique for functional validation of genes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang K, Sun Y, Li M, Long R. CrUGT87A1, a UDP-sugar glycosyltransferases (UGTs) gene from Carex rigescens, increases salt tolerance by accumulating flavonoids for antioxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:28-36. [PMID: 33321375 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a serious abiotic stressor impeding plant growth and crop production around the world. Plant glycosyltransferases are thought to serve important roles in dealing with stress conditions, however, the functional role of how UGTs cope with salt stress is not well understood. Carex rigescens (Franch.) V. Krecz, is a widely distributed species of turfgrass with strong salinity tolerance found in northern China. To investigate how the glycosyltransferase gene, CrUGT87A1, functions in C. rigescens, we performed analyses of cloning, transcriptional expression, subcellular localization, and overexpression. The full-length sequence of CrUGT87A1 is 1455 bp with a 1338 bp length ORF, which encodes 445 amino acids, while CrUGT87A1 was found to be a nuclear and plasmalemma-localized protein. We found that the transcriptional expression of CrUGT87A1 was up-regulated under ABA, heat, salt, and drought treatments in leaf tissues. CrUGT87A1 overexpression in Arabidopsis plants had a significantly higher germination rate, better growth and physiology, and a higher expression levels of transcripts related to salt stress-related genes under high-salinity conditions, suggesting that CrUGT87A1 is involved in salt tolerance. The transcriptional expression of genes related to flavonoid-synthesis related and the flavonoid content reflected higher accumulations of flavonoids in transgenic plants. Our study demonstrated that CrUGT87A1 could play an important role in resisting salt stress due to increased flavonoid accumulation, which can promote antioxidation when dealing with high-salinity conditions. This study advances our collective understanding of the functional role of UGTs and can be used to improve the salt tolerance and breeding of crops and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, PR China; College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Trenti M, Lorenzi S, Bianchedi PL, Grossi D, Failla O, Grando MS, Emanuelli F. Candidate genes and SNPs associated with stomatal conductance under drought stress in Vitis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33407127 PMCID: PMC7789618 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the complexity of the vine plant's response to water deficit represents a major challenge for sustainable winegrowing. Regulation of water use requires a coordinated action between scions and rootstocks on which cultivars are generally grafted to cope with phylloxera infestations. In this regard, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was applied on an 'ad hoc' association mapping panel including different Vitis species, in order to dissect the genetic basis of transpiration-related traits and to identify genomic regions of grape rootstocks associated with drought tolerance mechanisms. The panel was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20 K SNP array and SSR markers, and infrared thermography was applied to estimate stomatal conductance values during progressive water deficit. RESULTS In the association panel the level of genetic diversity was substantially lower for SNPs loci (0.32) than for SSR (0.87). GWAS detected 24 significant marker-trait associations along the various stages of drought-stress experiment and 13 candidate genes with a feasible role in drought response were identified. Gene expression analysis proved that three of these genes (VIT_13s0019g03040, VIT_17s0000g08960, VIT_18s0001g15390) were actually induced by drought stress. Genetic variation of VIT_17s0000g08960 coding for a raffinose synthase was further investigated by resequencing the gene of 85 individuals since a SNP located in the region (chr17_10,497,222_C_T) was significantly associated with stomatal conductance. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent a step forward towards the dissection of genetic basis that modulate the response to water deprivation in grape rootstocks. The knowledge derived from this study may be useful to exploit genotypic and phenotypic diversity in practical applications and to assist further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Trenti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cytokinin N-glucosides: Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Activities in Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010024. [PMID: 33379369 PMCID: PMC7824008 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a class of phytohormones affecting many aspects of plant growth and development. In the complex process of CK homeostasis in plants, N-glucosylation represents one of the essential metabolic pathways. Its products, CK N7- and N9-glucosides, have been largely overlooked in the past as irreversible and inactive CK products lacking any relevant physiological impact. In this work, we report a widespread distribution of CK N-glucosides across the plant kingdom proceeding from evolutionary older to younger plants with different proportions between N7- and N9-glucosides in the total CK pool. We show dramatic changes in their profiles as well as in expression levels of the UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 genes during Arabidopsis ontogenesis. We also demonstrate specific physiological effects of CK N-glucosides in CK bioassays including their antisenescent activities, inhibitory effects on root development, and activation of the CK signaling pathway visualized by the CK-responsive YFP reporter line, TCSv2::3XVENUS. Last but not least, we present the considerable impact of CK N7- and N9-glucosides on the expression of CK-related genes in maize and their stimulatory effects on CK oxidase/dehydrogenase activity in oats. Our findings revise the apparent irreversibility and inactivity of CK N7- and N9-glucosides and indicate their involvement in CK evolution while suggesting their unique function(s) in plants.
Collapse
|
22
|
López-Ruiz BA, Zluhan-Martínez E, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2576. [PMID: 33271980 PMCID: PMC7759812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
QTL detection and putative candidate gene prediction for leaf rolling under moisture stress condition in wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18696. [PMID: 33122772 PMCID: PMC7596552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf rolling is an important mechanism to mitigate the effects of moisture stress in several plant species. In the present study, a set of 92 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between NI5439 × HD2012 were used to identify QTLs associated with leaf rolling under moisture stress condition. Linkage map was constructed using Axiom 35 K Breeder’s SNP Array and microsatellite (SSR) markers. A linkage map with 3661 markers comprising 3589 SNP and 72 SSR markers spanning 22,275.01 cM in length across 21 wheat chromosomes was constructed. QTL analysis for leaf rolling trait under moisture stress condition revealed 12 QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5D, and 6B. A stable QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 was identified on 5D chromosome flanked by SNP marker interval AX-94892575–AX-95124447 (5D:338665301–5D:410952987). Genetic and physical map integration in the confidence intervals of Qlr.nhv-5D.2 revealed 14 putative candidate genes for drought tolerance which was narrowed down to six genes based on in-silico analysis. Comparative study of leaf rolling genes in rice viz., NRL1, OsZHD1, Roc5, and OsHB3 on wheat genome revealed five genes on chromosome 5D. Out of the identified genes, TraesCS5D02G253100 falls exactly in the QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval and showed 96.9% identity with OsZHD1. Two genes similar to OsHB3 viz. TraesCS5D02G052300 and TraesCS5D02G385300 exhibiting 85.6% and 91.8% identity; one gene TraesCS5D02G320600 having 83.9% identity with Roc5 gene; and one gene TraesCS5D02G102600 showing 100% identity with NRL1 gene were also identified, however, these genes are located outside Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval. Hence, TraesCS5D02G253100 could be the best potential candidate gene for leaf rolling and can be utilized for improving drought tolerance in wheat.
Collapse
|
24
|
Feng X, Liu W, Dai H, Qiu Y, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. HvHOX9, a novel homeobox leucine zipper transcription factor, positively regulates aluminum tolerance in Tibetan wild barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6057-6073. [PMID: 32588054 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limiting factor of crop production on acid soils. Tibetan wild barley germplasm is a valuable source of potential genes for breeding barley with acid and Al tolerance. We performed microRNA and RNA sequencing using wild (XZ16, Al-tolerant; XZ61, Al-sensitive) and cultivated (Dayton, Al-tolerant) barley. A novel homeobox-leucine zipper transcription factor, HvHOX9, was identified as a target gene of miR166b and functionally characterized. HvHOX9 was up-regulated by Al stress in XZ16 (but unchanged in XZ61 and Dayton) and was significantly induced only in root tip. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HvHOX9 is most closely related to wheat TaHOX9 and orthologues of HvHOX9 are present in the closest algal relatives of Zygnematophyceae. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvHOX9 in XZ16 led to significantly increased Al sensitivity but did not affect its sensitivity to other metals and low pH. Disruption of HvHOX9 did not change Al concentration in the root cell sap, but led to more Al accumulation in root cell wall after Al exposure. Silencing of HvHOX9 decreased H+ influx after Al exposure. Our findings suggest that miR166b/HvHOX9 play a critical role in Al tolerance by decreasing root cell wall Al binding and increasing apoplastic pH for Al detoxification in the root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxin Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang T, Li P, Mu T, Dong G, Zheng C, Jin S, Chen T, Hou B, Li Y. Overexpression of UGT74E2, an Arabidopsis IBA Glycosyltransferase, Enhances Seed Germination and Modulates Stress Tolerance via ABA Signaling in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197239. [PMID: 33008047 PMCID: PMC7582762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play key roles in modulating plant development and responses to environmental challenges. Previous research reported that the Arabidopsis UDP-glucosyltransferase 74E2 (AtUGT74E2), which transfers glucose to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), is involved in regulating plant architecture and stress responses. Here, we show novel and distinct roles of UGT74E2 in rice. We found that overexpression of AtUGT74E2 in rice could enhance seed germination. This effect was also observed in the presence of IBA and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as salt and drought stresses. Further investigation indicated that the overexpression lines had lower levels of free IBA and ABA compared to wild-type plants. Auxin signaling pathway gene expression such as for OsARF and OsGH3 genes, as well as ABA signaling pathway genes OsABI3 and OsABI5, was substantially downregulated in germinating seeds of UGT74E2 overexpression lines. Consistently, due to reduced IBA and ABA levels, the established seedlings were less tolerant to drought and salt stresses. The regulation of rice seed germination and stress tolerance could be attributed to IBA and ABA level alterations, as well as modulation of the auxin/ABA signaling pathways by UGT74E2. The distinct roles of UGT74E2 in rice implied that complex and different molecular regulation networks exist between Arabidopsis and rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Pan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Tianjiao Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Guangrui Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Shanghui Jin
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Tingting Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Bingkai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
| | - Yanjie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (T.M.); (G.D.); (T.C.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vylíčilová H, Bryksová M, Matušková V, Doležal K, Plíhalová L, Strnad M. Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060832. [PMID: 32485963 PMCID: PMC7356397 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins and their sugar or non-sugar conjugates are very active growth-promoting factors in plants, although they occur at very low concentrations. These compounds have been identified in numerous plant species. This review predominantly focuses on 9-substituted adenine-based cytokinin conjugates, both artificial and endogenous, sugar and non-sugar, and their roles in plants. Acquired information about their biological activities, interconversions, and metabolism improves understanding of their mechanisms of action and functions in planta. Although a number of 9-substituted cytokinins occur endogenously, many have also been prepared in laboratories to facilitate the clarification of their physiological roles and the determination of their biological properties. Here, we chart advances in knowledge of 9-substituted cytokinin conjugates from their discovery to current understanding and reciprocal interactions between biological properties and associated structural motifs. Current organic chemistry enables preparation of derivatives with better biological properties, such as improved anti-senescence, strong cell division stimulation, shoot forming, or more persistent stress tolerance compared to endogenous or canonical cytokinins. Many artificial cytokinin conjugates stimulate higher mass production than naturally occurring cytokinins, improve rooting, or simply have high stability or bioavailability. Thus, knowledge of the biosynthesis, metabolism, and activity of 9-substituted cytokinins in various plant species extends the scope for exploiting both natural and artificially prepared cytokinins in plant biotechnology, tissue culture, and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Vylíčilová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdaléna Bryksová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Vlasta Matušková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (H.V.); (M.B.); (V.M.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ostria-Gallardo E, Larama G, Berríos G, Fallard A, Gutiérrez-Moraga A, Ensminger I, Manque P, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Bravo LA. Decoding Gene Networks Modules That Explain the Recovery of Hymenoglossum cruentum Cav. After Extreme Desiccation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32499805 PMCID: PMC7243127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hymenoglossum cruentum (Hymenophyllaceae) is a poikilohydric, homoiochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant (DT) epiphyte fern. It can undergo fast and frequent dehydration-rehydration cycles. This fern is highly abundant at high-humidity/low-light microenvironments within the canopy, although rapid changes in humidity and light intensity are frequent. The objective of this research is to identify genes associated to desiccation-rehydration cycle in the transcriptome of H. cruentum to better understand the genetic dynamics behind its desiccation tolerance mechanism. H. cruentum plants were subjected to a 7 days long desiccation-rehydration process and then used to identify key expressed genes associated to its capacity to dehydrate and rehydrate. The relative water content (RWC) and maximum quantum efficiency (F v/F m) of H. cruentum fronds decayed to 6% and 0.04, respectively, at the end of the desiccation stage. After re-watering, the fern showed a rapid recovery of RWC and F v/F m (ca. 73% and 0.8, respectively). Based on clustering and network analysis, our results reveal key genes, such as UBA/TS-N, DYNLL, and LHC, orchestrating intracellular motility and photosynthetic metabolism; strong balance between avoiding cell death and defense (CAT3, AP2/ERF) when dehydrated, and detoxifying pathways and stabilization of photosystems (GST, CAB2, and ELIP9) during rehydration. Here we provide novel insights into the genetic dynamics behind the desiccation tolerance mechanism of H. cruentum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Graciela Berríos
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Fallard
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Cs. Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Moraga
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricio Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - León A. Bravo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Cs. Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hallmark HT, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Rashotte AM. trans-Zeatin-N-glucosides have biological activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232762. [PMID: 32379789 PMCID: PMC7205299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin is an indispensable phytohormone responsible for physiological processes ranging from root development to leaf senescence. The term "cytokinin" refers to several dozen adenine-derived compounds occurring naturally in plants. Cytokinins (CKs) can be divided into various classes and forms; base forms are generally considered to be active while highly abundant cytokinin-N-glucosides (CKNGs), composed of a CK base irreversibly conjugated to a glucose molecule, are considered inactive. However, results from early CK studies suggest CKNGs do not always lack activity despite the perpetuation over several decades in the literature that they are inactive. Here we show that exogenous application of trans-Zeatin-N-glucosides (tZNGs, a specific class of CKNGs) to Arabidopsis results in CK response comparable to the application of an active CK base. These results are most apparent in senescence assays where both a CK base (tZ) and tZNGs (tZ7G, tZ9G) delay senescence in cotyledons. Further experiments involving root growth and shoot regeneration revealed tZNGs do not always have the same effects as tZ, and have largely distinct effects on the transcriptome and proteome. These data are in contrast to previous reports of CKNGs being inactive and raise questions about the function of these compounds as well as their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tucker Hallmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron M. Rashotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dong X, Wang Z, Tian L, Zhang Y, Qi D, Huo H, Xu J, Li Z, Liao R, Shi M, Wahocho SA, Liu C, Zhang S, Tian Z, Cao Y. De novo assembly of a wild pear (Pyrus betuleafolia) genome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:581-595. [PMID: 31368610 PMCID: PMC6953202 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
China is the origin and evolutionary centre of Oriental pears. Pyrus betuleafolia is a wild species native to China and distributed in the northern region, and it is widely used as rootstock. Here, we report the de novo assembly of the genome of P. betuleafolia-Shanxi Duli using an integrated strategy that combines PacBio sequencing, BioNano mapping and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing. The genome assembly size was 532.7 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb. A total of 59 552 protein-coding genes and 247.4 Mb of repetitive sequences were annotated for this genome. The expansion genes in P. betuleafolia were significantly enriched in secondary metabolism, which may account for the organism's considerable environmental adaptability. An alignment analysis of orthologous genes showed that fruit size, sugar metabolism and transport, and photosynthetic efficiency were positively selected in Oriental pear during domestication. A total of 573 nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-type resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were identified in the P. betuleafolia genome, 150 of which are TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL)-type genes, which represented the greatest number of TNL-type genes among the published Rosaceae genomes and explained the strong disease resistance of this wild species. The study of flavour metabolism-related genes showed that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) metabolic pathway affected the astringency of pear fruit and that sorbitol transporter (SOT) transmembrane transport may be the main factor affecting the accumulation of soluble organic matter. This high-quality P. betuleafolia genome provides a valuable resource for the utilization of wild pear in fundamental pear studies and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Dan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Hongliang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Rui Liao
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Miao Shi
- Berry Genomics CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Safdar Ali Wahocho
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yufen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization)Ministry of AgricultureResearch Institute of PomologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingchengChina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kroll CK, Brenner WG. Cytokinin Signaling Downstream of the His-Asp Phosphorelay Network: Cytokinin-Regulated Genes and Their Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604489. [PMID: 33329676 PMCID: PMC7718014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone cytokinin, existing in several molecular forms, is perceived by membrane-localized histidine kinases. The signal is transduced to transcription factors of the type-B response regulator family localized in the nucleus by a multi-step histidine-aspartate phosphorelay network employing histidine phosphotransmitters as shuttle proteins across the nuclear envelope. The type-B response regulators activate a number of primary response genes, some of which trigger in turn further signaling events and the expression of secondary response genes. Most genes activated in both rounds of transcription were identified with high confidence using different transcriptomic toolkits and meta analyses of multiple individual published datasets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing knowledge about the primary and secondary cytokinin response genes in order to try connecting gene expression with the multitude of effects that cytokinin exerts within the plant body and throughout the lifespan of a plant.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li Y, Liu F, Li P, Wang T, Zheng C, Hou B. An Arabidopsis Cytokinin-Modifying Glycosyltransferase UGT76C2 Improves Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:560696. [PMID: 33224159 PMCID: PMC7674613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.560696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses are common environmental threats that negatively affect rice development and yield. Here we report that the overexpression of AtUGT76C2, a cytokinin glycosyltransferase, in rice modulates cytokinin homeostasis and confers the plants an eminent property in drought and salt tolerance. The transgenic plants exhibit sensitivity to salt and drought stress as well as abscisic acid during the germination stage and the postgermination stage while showing enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity at the young seedling stage and the mature stage. The overexpression of UGT76C2 decreases the endogenous cytokinin level and enhances root growth, which greatly contributes to stress adaptation. In addition, the transgenic plants also show enhanced ROS scavenging activity, reduced ion leakage under salt stress, smaller stomatal opening, and more proline and soluble sugar accumulation, which demonstrate that UGT76C2 acts as an important player in abiotic stress response in rice. To explore the molecular mechanism of UGT76C2 in response to stress adaptation, the expressions of eight stress-responsive genes including OsSOS1, OsPIP2.1, OsDREB2A, OsCOIN, OsABF2, OsRAB16, OsP5CR, and OsP5CS1 were detected, which showed notable upregulation in UGT76C2 overexpression plants under salt and drought stresses. Our results reveal that the ectopic expression of AtUGT76C2 confers the transgenic rice many traits in improving drought and salt stress tolerance in both developmental and physiological levels. It is believed that AtUGT76C2 could be a promising candidate gene for cultivating saline- and drought-tolerant rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Pharmacy>, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Bingkai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bingkai Hou,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nelson ADL, Ponciano G, McMahan C, Ilut DC, Pugh NA, Elshikha DE, Hunsaker DJ, Pauli D. Transcriptomic and evolutionary analysis of the mechanisms by which P. argentatum, a rubber producing perennial, responds to drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:494. [PMID: 31722667 PMCID: PMC6854645 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a drought tolerant, rubber producing perennial shrub native to northern Mexico and the US Southwest. Hevea brasiliensis, currently the world's only source of natural rubber, is grown as a monoculture, leaving it vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Isolation of rubber from guayule occurs by mechanical harvesting of the entire plant. It has been reported that environmental conditions leading up to harvest have a profound impact on rubber yield. The link between rubber biosynthesis and drought, a common environmental condition in guayule's native habitat, is currently unclear. RESULTS We took a transcriptomic and comparative genomic approach to determine how drought impacts rubber biosynthesis in guayule. We compared transcriptional profiles of stem tissue, the location of guayule rubber biosynthesis, collected from field-grown plants subjected to water-deficit (drought) and well-watered (control) conditions. Plants subjected to the imposed drought conditions displayed an increase in production of transcripts associated with defense responses and water homeostasis, and a decrease in transcripts associated with rubber biosynthesis. An evolutionary and comparative analysis of stress-response transcripts suggests that more anciently duplicated transcripts shared among the Asteraceae, rather than recently derived duplicates, are contributing to the drought response observed in guayule. In addition, we identified several deeply conserved long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) containing microRNA binding motifs. One lncRNA in particular, with origins at the base of Asteraceae, may be regulating the vegetative to reproductive transition observed in water-stressed guayule by acting as a miRNA sponge for miR166. CONCLUSIONS These data represent the first genomic analyses of how guayule responds to drought like conditions in agricultural production settings. We identified an inverse relationship between stress-responsive transcripts and those associated with precursor pathways to rubber biosynthesis suggesting a physiological trade-off between maintaining homeostasis and plant productivity. We also identify a number of regulators of abiotic responses, including transcription factors and lncRNAs, that are strong candidates for future projects aimed at modulating rubber biosynthesis under water-limiting conditions common to guayules' native production environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D L Nelson
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA.
| | - Grisel Ponciano
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Colleen McMahan
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Daniel C Ilut
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - N Ace Pugh
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Diaa Eldin Elshikha
- Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Douglas J Hunsaker
- USDA-ARS, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Duke Pauli
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Batool A, Akram NA, Cheng ZG, Lv GC, Ashraf M, Afzal M, Xiong JL, Wang JY, Xiong YC. Physiological and biochemical responses of two spring wheat genotypes to non-hydraulic root-to-shoot signalling of partial and full root-zone drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:11-20. [PMID: 30875531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-hydraulic root-sourced signal (nHRS) is so far affirmed to be a unique positive early-warning response to drying soil, however its physiological and agronomic implications are still unclear. We designed two contrast methods to induce nHRS in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes released in different decades under pot-culture conditions. Partial root-zone stress (PS) was performed using the method of split-root alternative water supply (one half wetting and the other drying) to induce the continuous operation of nHRS, and full root-zone stress (FS) was subjected to whole root system to periodic operation of nHRS. nHRS-mediated signalling increased abscisic acid (ABA) production and triggered ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, which, thereby, led to up-regulation of antioxidant defense system. Cytokinin synthesis reduced during drought stress while proline and malodialdehyde (MDA) content were increased. Regardless of drought treatment methods and wheat genotype, a significant decrease in grain yield, root biomass and above-ground biomass (p < 0.05) was observed, without significant changes in root-to-shoot ratio. Harvest index was increased, proposing that more energy was allocated to reproductive organs during the action of nHRS. Moreover, higher water use efficiency was witnessed in PS. The data suggest that nHRS triggered ABA accumulation, thereby closing stomata, and reducing water use and also decreases the production of ROS and improves the antioxidant defence enzymes, thus enhancing drought tolerance. This survey of different-decade genotypes suggests that advances in grain yield and drought tolerance would be made by targeted selection for a wheat genetic resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | - Zheng-Guo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang-Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Lan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lopez MA, Xavier A, Rainey KM. Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture for Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency in Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31178887 PMCID: PMC6543851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) are physiological traits directly influencing biomass production, conversion efficiency, and grain yield. Though the influence of physiological process on yield is widely known, studies assessing improvement strategies are rare due to laborious phenotyping and specialized equipment needs. This is one of the first studies to assess the genetic architecture underlying A and intrinsic WUE, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of implementing genomic prediction. A panel of 383 soybean recombinant inbred lines were evaluated in a multi-environment yield trial that included measurements of A and intrinsic WUE, using an infrared gas analyzer during R4-R5 growth stages. Genetic variability was found to support the possibility of genetic improvement through breeding. High genetic correlation between grain yield (GY) and A (0.80) was observed, suggesting increases in GY can be achieved through the improvement of A. Genome-wide association analysis revealed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these physiological traits. Cross-validation studies indicated high predictive ability (>0.65) for the implementation of genomic prediction as a viable strategy to improve physiological efficiency while reducing field phenotyping. This work provides core knowledge to develop new soybean cultivars with enhanced photosynthesis and water use efficiency through conventional breeding and genomic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Lopez
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Katy Martin Rainey
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang X, Liu J, Xu J, Duan S, Wang Q, Li G, Jin L. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Effects of Drought Stress on Gene Expression in Diploid Potato Genotype P3-198. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040852. [PMID: 30781424 PMCID: PMC6413097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the three most important food crops worldwide; however, it is strongly affected by drought stress. The precise molecular mechanisms of drought stress response in potato are not very well understood. The diploid potato genotype P3-198 has been verified to be highly resistant to drought stress. Here, a time-course experiment was performed to identify drought resistance response genes in P3-198 under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress using RNA-sequencing. A total of 1665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically identified, and based on gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the transcription factor activity, protein kinase activity, and the plant hormone signal transduction process were significantly enriched. Annotation revealed that these DEGs mainly encode transcription factors, protein kinases, and proteins related to redox regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and osmotic adjustment. In particular, genes encoding abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent signaling molecules were significantly differentially expressed, which revealed the important roles of the ABA-dependent signaling pathway in the early response of P3-198 to drought stress. Quantitative real-time PCR experimental verification confirmed the differential expression of genes in the drought resistance signaling pathway. Our results provide valuable information for understanding potato drought-resistance mechanisms, and also enrich the gene resources available for drought-resistant potato breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, Jinan 250100, China.
- National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center/Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaoguang Duan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qianru Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Liping Jin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alqurashi M, Chiapello M, Bianchet C, Paolocci F, Lilley KS, Gehring C. Early Responses to Severe Drought Stress in the Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Suspension Culture Proteome. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6040038. [PMID: 30279377 PMCID: PMC6313886 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are considered the most deleterious factor affecting growth and development of plants worldwide. Such stresses are largely unavoidable and trigger adaptive responses affecting different cellular processes and target different compartments. Shotgun proteomic and mass spectrometry-based approaches offer an opportunity to elucidate the response of the proteome to abiotic stresses. In this study, the severe drought or water-deficit response in Arabidopsis thaliana was mimicked by treating cell suspension callus with 40% polyethylene glycol for 10 and 30 min. Resulting data demonstrated that 310 proteins were differentially expressed in response to this treatment with a strict ±2.0-fold change. Over-representation was observed in the gene ontology categories of 'ribosome' and its related functions as well as 'oxidative phosphorylation', indicating both structural and functional drought responses at the cellular level. Proteins in the category 'endocytosis' also show significant enrichment and this is consistent with increased active transport and recycling of membrane proteins in response to abiotic stress. This is supported by the particularly pronounced enrichment in proteins of the endosomal sorting complexes that are required for membrane remodelling. Taken together, the findings point to rapid and complex physiological and structural changes essential for survival in response to sudden severe drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Alqurashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Chantal Bianchet
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, Borgo XX giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Perugia Division, Via Madonna Alta, 130 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, Borgo XX giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pavlović I, Petřík I, Tarkowská D, Lepeduš H, Vujčić Bok V, Radić Brkanac S, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Correlations between Phytohormones and Drought Tolerance in Selected Brassica Crops: Chinese Cabbage, White Cabbage and Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102866. [PMID: 30241414 PMCID: PMC6213169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the productivity of Brassica crops. To understand the role of phytohormones in drought tolerance, we subjected Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), and kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) to drought and examined the stress response on the physiological, biochemical and hormonal levels. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinins (CKs), jasmonates (JAs), and salicylic acid (SA) were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Based on the physiological and biochemical markers the Chinese cabbage exhibited the lowest tolerance, followed by the white cabbage, while the kale appeared to be the most tolerant to drought. The drought tolerance of the kale correlated with increased levels of SA, ABA, IAA, CKs iP(R) and cZ(R), and typhasterol (TY), a precursor of active BRs. In contrast, the drought sensitivity of the Chinese cabbage correlated with a significant increase in ABA, JAs and the active BRs castasterol (CS) and brassinolide (BL). The moderately tolerant white cabbage, positioned between the kale and Chinese cabbage, showed more similarity in terms of the phytohormone patterns with the kale. We concluded that the drought tolerance in Brassicaceae is mostly determined by the increased endogenous levels of IAA, CKs, ABA and SA and the decreased levels of active BRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Lorenza Jägera 9, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang M, Zhang T, Peng H, Luo S, Tan J, Jiang K, Heng Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Zheng J, Cheng Z. Rice Premature Leaf Senescence 2, Encoding a Glycosyltransferase (GT), Is Involved in Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 29755498 PMCID: PMC5932172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence (PLS), which has a significant impact on yield, is caused by various underlying mechanisms. Glycosyltransferases, which function in glycosyl transfer from activated nucleotides to aglycones, are involved in diverse biological processes, but their roles in rice leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized a leaf senescence-related gene from the Premature Leaf Senescent mutant (pls2). The mutant phenotype began with leaf yellowing at tillering and resulted in PLS during the reproductive stage. Leaf senescence was associated with an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content accompanied with pronounced decreases in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in LOC_Os03g15840 (PLS2), a putative glycosyltransferase- encoding gene, was responsible for the defective phenotype. PLS2 expression was detected in all tissues surveyed, but predominantly in leaf mesophyll cells. Subcellular localization of the PLS2 was in the endoplasmic reticulum. The pls2 mutant accumulated higher levels of sucrose together with decreased expression of sucrose metabolizing genes compared with wild type. These data suggested that the PLS2 allele is essential for normal leaf senescence and its mutation resulted in PLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juejie Tan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Jiang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakui Zheng
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Müller M, Seifert S, Lübbe T, Leuschner C, Finkeldey R. De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of differential gene expression in response to drought in European beech. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184167. [PMID: 28873454 PMCID: PMC5584803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ecological and economic importance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) genomic resources of this species are still limited. This hampers an understanding of the molecular basis of adaptation to stress. Since beech will most likely be threatened by the consequences of climate change, an understanding of adaptive processes to climate change-related drought stress is of major importance. Here, we used RNA-seq to provide the first drought stress-related transcriptome of beech. In a drought stress trial with beech saplings, 50 samples were taken for RNA extraction at five points in time during a soil desiccation experiment. De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of differential gene expression revealed 44,335 contigs, and 662 differentially expressed genes between the stress and normally watered control group. Gene expression was specific to the different time points, and only five genes were significantly differentially expressed between the stress and control group on all five sampling days. GO term enrichment showed that mostly genes involved in lipid- and homeostasis-related processes were upregulated, whereas genes involved in oxidative stress response were downregulated in the stressed seedlings. This study gives first insights into the genomic drought stress response of European beech, and provides new genetic resources for adaptation research in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Torben Lübbe
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower-Saxony, Germany
- University of Kassel, Kassel, Hesse, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu WC, Li YH, Yuan HM, Zhang BL, Zhai S, Lu YT. WD40-REPEAT 5a functions in drought stress tolerance by regulating nitric oxide accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:543-552. [PMID: 26825291 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generation by NO synthase (NOS) in guard cells plays a vital role in stomatal closure for adaptive plant response to drought stress. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of NOS activity in plants is unclear. Here, by screening yeast deletion mutants with decreased NO accumulation and NOS-like activity when subjected to H2 O2 stress, we identified TUP1 as a novel regulator of NOS-like activity in yeast. Arabidopsis WD40-REPEAT 5a (WDR5a), a homolog of yeast TUP1, complemented H2 O2 -induced NO accumulation of a yeast mutant Δtup1, suggesting the conserved role of WDR5a in regulating NO accumulation and NOS-like activity. This note was further confirmed by using an Arabidopsis RNAi line wdr5a-1 and two T-DNA insertion mutants of WDR5a with reduced WDR5a expression, in which both H2 O2 -induced NO accumulation and stomatal closure were repressed. This was because H2 O2 -induced NOS-like activity was inhibited in the mutants compared with that of the wild type. Furthermore, these wdr5a mutants were more sensitive to drought stress as they had reduced stomatal closure and decreased expression of drought-related genes. Together, our results revealed that WDR5a functions as a novel factor to modulate NOS-like activity for changes of NO accumulation and stomatal closure in drought stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bing-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li P, Li YJ, Wang B, Yu HM, Li Q, Hou BK. The Arabidopsis UGT87A2, a stress-inducible family 1 glycosyltransferase, is involved in the plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:416-432. [PMID: 27747895 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase (GT) family-1, the biggest GT family in plants, typically participates in modification of small molecules and affects many aspects during plant development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, although some UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs) of family-1 have been functionally characterized, functions of most the UGTs remain unknown or fragmentary. Here, we report data for the Arabidopsis UGT87A2, a stress-regulated GT. We found that UGT87A2 could be dramatically induced by salinity, osmotic stress, drought and ABA. Overexpression of UGT87A2 (87A2OE) leads to accelerated germination and greening, higher survival rate as well as increased root length against abiotic stresses compared with those of wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, we observed lower water loss rate in the 87A2OE plants due to smaller stomatal apertures. The transgenic plants also showed reduced levels of H2 O2 and superoxide under low water status compared with those of WT plants. Consistently, function loss of UGT87A2 in ugt87a2 knockout lines resulted in opposite performances under these conditions. A transcriptome profiling revealed that 121 genes were differentially regulated upon UGT87A2 overexpression, and a large number of stress-induced genes were upregulated in UGT87A2 overexpression plants. Expression of seven genes among them were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), including CPK32, CYP81F2, MYB96, DREB2A, FBS1, PUB23 and RAV2 under both control and stress treatments, and the results greatly validated our transcriptome data. Taken together, our findings support an explicit role of UGT87A2 in adaptation to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Weifang, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- School of Life Science, QiLu Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li P, Li YJ, Zhang FJ, Zhang GZ, Jiang XY, Yu HM, Hou BK. The Arabidopsis UDP-glycosyltransferases UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, contribute to cold, salt and drought stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:85-103. [PMID: 27599367 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the biggest GT family in plants, which are responsible for transferring sugar moieties onto a variety of small molecules, and control many metabolic processes; however, their physiological significance in planta is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that two Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase genes, UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, could be strongly induced by various abiotic stresses, including cold, salt and drought stresses. Overexpression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly enhanced plant tolerance to low temperatures as well as drought and salt stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants generated by RNAi (RNA interference) and CRISPR-Cas9 strategies were more susceptible to adverse conditions. Interestingly, the expression of UGT79B2 and UGT79B3 is directly controlled by CBF1 (CRT/DRE-binding factor 1, also named DREB1B) in response to low temperatures. Furthermore, we identified the enzyme activities of UGT79B2/B3 in adding UDP-rhamnose to cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Ectopic expression of UGT79B2/B3 significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity in coping with abiotic stresses, whereas the ugt79b2/b3 double mutants showed reduced anthocyanin levels. When overexpressing UGT79B2/B3 in tt18 (transparent testa 18), a mutant that cannot synthesize anthocyanins, both genes fail to improve plant adaptation to stress. Taken together, we demonstrate that UGT79B2 and UGT79B3, identified as anthocyanin rhamnosyltransferases, are regulated by CBF1 and confer abiotic stress tolerance via modulating anthocyanin accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Feng-Ju Zhang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- School of Life Sciences, QiLu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Rozhmina TA, Kishlyan NV, Zyablitsin AV, Sadritdinova AF, Snezhkina AV, Fedorova MS, Yurkevich OY, Muravenko OV, Bolsheva NL, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. Glutathione S-transferases and UDP-glycosyltransferases Are Involved in Response to Aluminum Stress in Flax. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1920. [PMID: 28066475 PMCID: PMC5174120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
About 30% of the world's ice-free land area is occupied by acid soils. In soils with pH below 5, aluminum (Al) releases to the soil solution, and becomes highly toxic for plants. Therefore, breeding of varieties that are resistant to Al is needed. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown worldwide for fiber and seed production. Al toxicity in acid soils is a serious problem for flax cultivation. However, very little is known about mechanisms of flax resistance to Al and the genetics of this resistance. In the present work, we sequenced 16 transcriptomes of flax cultivars resistant (Hermes and TMP1919) and sensitive (Lira and Orshanskiy) to Al, which were exposed to control conditions and aluminum treatment for 4, 12, and 24 h. In total, 44.9-63.3 million paired-end 100-nucleotide reads were generated for each sequencing library. Based on the obtained high-throughput sequencing data, genes with differential expression under aluminum exposure were revealed in flax. The majority of the top 50 up-regulated genes were involved in transmembrane transport and transporter activity in both the Al-resistant and Al-sensitive cultivars. However, genes encoding proteins with glutathione transferase and UDP-glycosyltransferase activity were in the top 50 up-regulated genes only in the flax cultivars resistant to aluminum. For qPCR analysis in extended sampling, two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), and three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were selected. The general trend of alterations in the expression of the examined genes was the up-regulation under Al stress, especially after 4 h of Al exposure. Moreover, in the flax cultivars resistant to aluminum, the increase in expression was more pronounced than that in the sensitive cultivars. We speculate that the defense against the Al toxicity via GST antioxidant activity is the probable mechanism of the response of flax plants to aluminum stress. We also suggest that UGTs could be involved in cell wall modification and protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to Al stress in L. usitatissimum. Thus, GSTs and UGTs, probably, play an important role in the response of flax to Al via detoxification of ROS and cell wall modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute for FlaxTorzhok, Russia
| | | | | | - Asiya F. Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga Y. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Šmehilová M, Dobrůšková J, Novák O, Takáč T, Galuszka P. Cytokinin-Specific Glycosyltransferases Possess Different Roles in Cytokinin Homeostasis Maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1264. [PMID: 27602043 PMCID: PMC4993776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) are one of the major mediators of physiological responses throughout plant life span. Therefore, a proper homeostasis is maintained by regulation of their active levels. Besides degradation, CKs are deactivated by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Physiologically, CKs active levels decline in senescing organs, providing a signal to nutrients that a shift to reproductive tissues has begun. In this work, we show CK glucosides distribution in Arabidopsis leaves during major developmental transition phases. Besides continuous accumulation of N-glucosides we detected sharp maximum of the glucosides in senescence. This is caused prevalently by N7-glucosides followed by N9-glucosides and specifically also by trans-zeatin-O-glucoside (tZOG). Interestingly, we observed a similar trend in response to exogenously applied CK. In Arabidopsis, only three UGTs deactivate CKs in vivo: UGT76C1, UGT76C2 and UGT85A1. We thereby show that UGT85A1 is specifically expressed in senescent leaves whereas UGT76C2 is activated rapidly in response to exogenously applied CK. To shed more light on the UGTs physiological roles, we performed a comparative study on UGTs loss-of-function mutants, characterizing a true ugt85a1-1 loss-of-function mutant for the first time. Although no altered phenotype was detected under standard condition we observed reduced chlorophyll degradation with increased anthocyanin accumulation in our experiment on detached leaves accompanied by senescence and stress related genes modulated expression. Among the mutants, ugt76c2 possessed extremely diminished CK N-glucosides levels whereas ugt76c1 showed some specificity toward cis-zeatin (cZ). Besides tZOG, a broader range of CK glucosides was decreased in ugt85a1-1. Performing CK metabolism gene expression profiling, we revealed that activation of CK degradation pathway serves as a general regulatory mechanism of disturbed CK homeostasis followed by decreased CK signaling in all UGT mutants. In contrast, a specific regulation of CKX7, CKX1 and CKX2 was observed for each individual UGT mutant isoform after exogenous CK uptake. Employing an in silico prediction we proposed cytosolic localization of UGT76C1 and UGT76C2, that we further confirmed by GFP tagging of UGT76C2. Integrating all the results, we therefore hypothesize that UGTs possess different physiological roles in Arabidopsis and serve as a fine-tuning mechanism of active CK levels in cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Šmehilová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dobrůšková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCROlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Casaretto JA, El-Kereamy A, Zeng B, Stiegelmeyer SM, Chen X, Bi YM, Rothstein SJ. Expression of OsMYB55 in maize activates stress-responsive genes and enhances heat and drought tolerance. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:312. [PMID: 27129581 PMCID: PMC4850646 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant response mechanisms to heat and drought stresses have been considered in strategies for generating stress tolerant genotypes, but with limited success. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome and improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of maize plants over-expressing the OsMYB55 gene. RESULTS Over-expression of OsMYB55 in maize decreased the negative effects of high temperature and drought resulting in improved plant growth and performance under these conditions. This was evidenced by the higher plant biomass and reduced leaf damage exhibited by the transgenic lines compared to wild type when plants were subjected to individual or combined stresses and during or after recovery from stress. A global transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that several genes induced by heat stress in wild type plants are constitutively up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize. In addition, a significant number of genes up-regulated in OsMYB55 transgenic maize under control or heat treatments have been associated with responses to abiotic stresses including high temperature, dehydration and oxidative stress. The latter is a common and major consequence of imposed heat and drought conditions, suggesting that this altered gene expression may be associated with the improved stress tolerance in these transgenic lines. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the transcriptome also pinpoint the relevance of specific biological processes for stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that expression of OsMYB55 can improve tolerance to heat stress and drought in maize plants. Enhanced expression of stress-associated genes may be involved in OsMYB55-mediated stress tolerance. Possible implications for the improved tolerance to heat stress and drought of OsMYB55 transgenic maize are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Casaretto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension - Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, 93307, USA
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suzy M Stiegelmeyer
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Expression Analysis, Inc., Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Bi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|