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Akhtar K, Ain NU, Prasad PVV, Naz M, Aslam MM, Djalovic I, Riaz M, Ahmad S, Varshney RK, He B, Wen R. Physiological, molecular, and environmental insights into plant nitrogen uptake, and metabolism under abiotic stresses. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20461. [PMID: 38797919 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3 - (>1 mM), low-affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3 - availability (<1 mM), high-affinity transport system starts functioning encoded by NRT2 family of genes. Further, under limited N supply due to edaphic and climatic factors, higher expression of the AtNRT2.4 and AtNRT2.5T genes of the NRT2 family occur and are considered as N remobilizing genes. The NH4 + ion is the final form of N assimilated by cells mediated through the key enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. The WRKY1 is a major transcription factor of the N regulation network in plants. However, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles show variations in N assimilation metabolites, including glycine, glutamine, and aspartate, under abiotic stresses. The overexpression of NO3 - transporters (OsNRT2.3a and OsNRT1.1b) can significantly improve the biomass and yield of various crops. Altering the expression levels of genes could be a valuable tool to improve N metabolism under the challenging conditions of soil and environment, such as unfavorable temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bing He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wang L, Lin G, Li Y, Qu W, Wang Y, Lin Y, Huang Y, Li J, Qian C, Yang G, Zuo Q. Phenotype, Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, and Antioxidant Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1488. [PMID: 38891297 PMCID: PMC11175084 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major adverse factors affecting plant growth and crop production. Rapeseed is an important oil crop, providing high-quality edible oil for human consumption. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress on the phenotypic traits and physiological processes of rapeseed. The soil salinity was manipulated by setting three different levels: 0 g NaCl kg-1 soil (referred to as S0), 1.5 g NaCl kg-1 soil (referred to as S1), and 3.0 g NaCl kg-1 soil (referred to as S2). In general, the results indicated that the plant height, leaf area, and root neck diameter decreased with an increase in soil salinity. In addition, the biomass of various organs at all growth stages decreased as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2. The increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages, indicating that rapeseed plants subjected to salt stress during the vegetative stage are capable of adapting their growth pattern to sustain their capacity for nutrient and water uptake, as well as leaf photosynthesis. However, as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem, suggesting that salt stress inhibited carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs. Moreover, the C and N accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages exhibited a reduction in direct correlation with the increase in soil salinity. High soil salinity resulted in a reduction in the C/N, indicating that salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content. Furthermore, as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage, respectively. In summary, this study revealed that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation, leading to a suppressed phenotype and biomass accumulation. The imbalanced C and N assimilation under salt stress contributed to the alterations in the seed oil and protein content. Rapeseed had a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobing Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenting Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaowei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yihang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingsong Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.W.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (W.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (C.Q.); (G.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Vergara-Diaz O, Velasco-Serrano E, Invernón-Garrido A, Katamadze A, Yoldi-Achalandabaso A, Serret MD, Vicente R. Quinoa panicles contribute to carbon assimilation and are more tolerant to salt stress than leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154161. [PMID: 38142485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Contribution of inflorescences to seed filling have attracted great attention given the resilience of this photosynthetic organ to stressful conditions. However, studies have been almost exclusively focused to small grain cereals. In this study, we aimed to explore these responses in quinoa, as a climate resilient seed crop of elevated economic and nutritious potential. We compared the physiological and metabolic performance of panicles and leaves of two quinoa cultivars growing under contrasting salinity levels. Plant growth, photosynthetic and transpiratory gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored in inflorescences and leaves throughout the experiment. At flowering stage, young and mature leaves and panicles were sampled for key metabolic markers related to carbon, nitrogen and secondary metabolisms. When subjected to salt stress, panicles showed attenuated declines on photosynthesis, water use, pigments, amino acids, and protein levels as compared to leaves. In fact, the assimilation rates, together with a high hexose content evidenced an active photosynthetic role of the panicle under optimal and salt stress conditions. Moreover, we also found significant genotypic variability for physiological and metabolic traits of panicles and leaves, which emphasizes the study of genotype-dependent stress responses at the whole plant level. We conclude that quinoa panicles are less affected by salt stress than leaves, which encourages further research and exploitation of this organ for crop improvement and stress resilience considering the high natural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Elena Velasco-Serrano
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Alicia Invernón-Garrido
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Artūrs Katamadze
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; FisioClimaCO(2) Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Wei Z, Chen F, Ding H, Liu W, Yang B, Geng J, Chen S, Guo S. Comparative Analysis of Six Chloroplast Genomes in Chenopodium and Its Related Genera ( Amaranthaceae): New Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships and the Development of Species-Specific Molecular Markers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2183. [PMID: 38137004 PMCID: PMC10743295 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Species within the genus Chenopodium hold significant research interest due to their nutritional richness and salt tolerance. However, the morphological similarities among closely related species and a dearth of genomic resources have impeded their comprehensive study and utilization. In the present research, we conduct the sequencing and assembly of chloroplast (cp) genomes from six Chenopodium and related species, five of which were sequenced for the first time. These genomes ranged in length from 151,850 to 152,215 base pairs, showcased typical quadripartite structures, and encoded 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 1 pseudogene, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Compared with the previously published sequences of related species, these cp genomes are relatively conservative, but there are also some interspecific differences, such as inversion and IR region contraction. We discerned 929 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and a series of highly variable regions across 16 related species, predominantly situated in the intergenic spacer (IGS) region and introns. The phylogenetic evaluations revealed that Chenopodium is more closely related to genera such as Atriplex, Beta, Dysphania, and Oxybase than to other members of the Amaranthaceae family. These lineages shared a common ancestor approximately 60.80 million years ago, after which they diverged into distinct genera. Based on InDels and SNPs between species, we designed 12 pairs of primers for species identification, and experiments confirmed that they could completely distinguish 10 related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Fangjun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Hongxia Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Wenli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiahui Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Shihua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Shanli Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Zhao X, Meng T, Jin S, Ren K, Cai Z, Cai B, Li S. The Salinity Survival Strategy of Chenopodium quinoa: Investigating Microbial Community Shifts and Nitrogen Cycling in Saline Soils. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2829. [PMID: 38137973 PMCID: PMC10745458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is extensively cultivated for its nutritional value, and its exceptional capacity to endure elevated salt levels presents a promising resolution to the agricultural quandaries posed by salinity stress. However, limited research has been dedicated to elucidating the correlation between alterations in the salinity soil microbial community and nitrogen transformations. To scrutinize the underlying mechanisms behind quinoa's salt tolerance, we assessed the changes in microbial community structure and the abundance of nitrogen transformation genes across three distinct salinity thresholds (1 g·kg-1, 3 g·kg-1, and 6 g·kg-1) at two distinct time points (35 and 70 days). The results showed the positive effect of quinoa on the soil microbial community structure, including changes in key populations and its regulatory role in soil nitrogen cycling under salt stress. Choroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Myxococcota were inhibited by increased salinity, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota increased. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria showed relatively stable abundances across time and salinity levels. Quinoa possesses the ability to synthesize or modify the composition of keystone species or promote the establishment of highly complex microbial networks (modularity index > 0.4) to cope with fluctuations in external salt stress environments. Furthermore, quinoa exhibited nitrogen (N) cycling by downregulating denitrification genes (nirS, nosZ), upregulating nitrification genes (Archaeal amoA (AOA), Bacterial amoA (AOB)), and stabilizing nitrogen fixation genes (nifH) to absorb nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-_N). This study paves the way for future research on regulating quinoa, promoting soil microbial communities, and nitrogen transformation in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Zhao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Tianzhu Meng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Shenghan Jin
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Kaixing Ren
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Bo Cai
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No. 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Saibao Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, No. 8 Xueyuan Road, Linzhi 860000, China
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Ru C, Hu X, Chen D, Wang W, Zhen J, Song T. Individual and combined effects of heat and drought and subsequent recovery on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, cell osmoregulation, and yield formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:222-235. [PMID: 36724706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures and droughts are considered as the two main factors that limit wheat growth and production. Although responses of wheat plants to heat and drought stress have been extensively investigated, little is known about the extent to which wheat plants can recover after stress relief. In this study, a winter wheat pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, physiological activities, and yield formation responses of wheat to stress and recovery periods under heat stress (36 °C, daily maximum temperature), drought (45-55% of soil water holding capacity), and combined stress conditions. Heat and drought stress significantly reduced photosynthesis, leaf relative water content (LRWC), leaf water potential (LWPnoon), and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and increased electrolyte leakage. These parameters showed significant interactions between heat and drought stress. Beneficial osmoregulation of membrane stability was observed in stressed plants because of the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. Within a range of stresses, the abovementioned physiological processes of individual heat- and drought-stressed plants recovered to levels comparable to those of the control. The recovery capacities of the physiological traits decreased gradually with increasing stress duration, particularly under combined stress. The recovery of LWPnoon and LRWC contributed to the improved photosynthetic performance after stress relief. The combined stress caused greater yield losses than individual heat and drought stress, which was mainly attributed to low levels of thousand grain weight (TGW), the number of grains per ear, and the grain filling rate. After stress relief, the recovery of proline content, glutamine synthetase activity, photosynthetic rate, and LRWC were closely associated with grain yield and thousand grain weight. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the coordinated responses of winter wheat during the combined heat and drought stress and recovery periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ru
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaotao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Wene Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jingbo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Tianyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Cifuentes L, González M, Pinto-Irish K, Álvarez R, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Franck N, Fischer S, Barros G, Castro C, Ortiz J, Sanhueza C, Del-Saz NF, Bascunan-Godoy L, Castro PA. Metabolic imprint induced by seed halo-priming promotes a differential physiological performance in two contrasting quinoa ecotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1034788. [PMID: 36865946 PMCID: PMC9971973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
"Memory imprint" refers to the process when prior exposure to stress prepares the plant for subsequent stress episodes. Seed priming is a strategy to change the performance of seedlings to cope with stress; however, mechanisms associated with the metabolic response are fragmentary. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) is a promising crop to sustain food security and possesses a wide genetic diversity of salinity tolerance. To elucidate if the metabolic memory induced by seed halo-priming (HP) differs among contrasting saline tolerance plants, seeds of two ecotypes of Quinoa (Socaire from Atacama Salar, and BO78 from Chilean Coastal/lowlands) were treated with a saline solution and then germinated and grown under different saline conditions. The seed HP showed a more positive impact on the sensitive ecotype during germination and promoted changes in the metabolomic profile in both ecotypes, including a reduction in carbohydrates (starch) and organic acids (citric and succinic acid), and an increase in antioxidants (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) and related metabolites. These changes were linked to a further reduced level of oxidative markers (methionine sulfoxide and malondialdehyde), allowing improvements in the energy use in photosystem II under saline conditions in the salt-sensitive ecotype. In view of these results, we conclude that seed HP prompts a "metabolic imprint" related to ROS scavenger at the thylakoid level, improving further the physiological performance of the most sensitive ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Máximo González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto-Irish
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Nicolás Franck
- Centro de Estudios en Zonas Áridas (CEZA), Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Susana Fischer
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Producción vegetal Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriel Barros
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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8
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Peinado-Torrubia P, Álvarez R, Lucas M, Franco-Navarro JD, Durán-Gutiérrez FJ, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rosales MA. Nitrogen assimilation and photorespiration become more efficient under chloride nutrition as a beneficial macronutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1058774. [PMID: 36704154 PMCID: PMC9871469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) are closely related anions involved in plant growth. Their similar physical and chemical properties make them to interact in cellular processes like electrical balance and osmoregulation. Since both anions share transport mechanisms, Cl- has been considered to antagonize NO 3 - uptake and accumulation in plants. However, we have recently demonstrated that Cl- provided at beneficial macronutrient levels improves nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE). Biochemical mechanisms by which beneficial Cl- nutrition improves NUE in plants are poorly understood. First, we determined that Cl- nutrition at beneficial macronutrient levels did not impair the NO 3 - uptake efficiency, maintaining similar NO 3 - content in the root and in the xylem sap. Second, leaf NO 3 - content was significantly reduced by the treatment of 6 mM Cl- in parallel with an increase in NO 3 - utilization and NUE. To verify whether Cl- nutrition reduces leaf NO 3 - accumulation by inducing its assimilation, we analysed the content of N forms and the activity of different enzymes and genes involved in N metabolism. Chloride supply increased transcript accumulation and activity of most enzymes involved in NO 3 - assimilation into amino acids, along with a greater accumulation of organic N (mostly proteins). A reduced glycine/serine ratio and a greater ammonium accumulation pointed to a higher activity of the photorespiration pathway in leaves of Cl--treated plants. Chloride, in turn, promoted higher transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes of the photorespiration pathway. Accordingly, microscopy observations suggested strong interactions between different cellular organelles involved in photorespiration. Therefore, in this work we demonstrate for the first time that the greater NO 3 - utilization and NUE induced by beneficial Cl- nutrition is mainly due to the stimulation of NO 3 - assimilation and photorespiration, possibly favouring the production of ammonia, reductants and intermediates that optimize C-N re-utilization and plant growth. This work demonstrates new Cl- functions and remarks on its relevance as a potential tool to manipulate NUE in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Procopio Peinado-Torrubia
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Lucas
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D. Franco-Navarro
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Durán-Gutiérrez
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Colmenero-Flores
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rosales
- Plant Ion and Water Regulation Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Seville, Spain
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9
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Guardia G, Abalos D, Mateo-Marín N, Nair D, Petersen SO. Using DMPP with cattle manure can mitigate yield-scaled global warming potential under low rainfall conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120679. [PMID: 36402419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilisers can reduce the carbon (C) footprint from croplands, but adequate management strategies such as the use of nitrification inhibitors are required to minimise side-effects on nitrogen (N) losses to the atmosphere or waterbodies. This could be particularly important in a context on changing rainfall patterns due to climate change. A lysimeter experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was set up on a coarse sandy soil to evaluate the efficacy of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, nitrate (NO3-) leaching losses and net global warming potential from manure, with (R+) and without (R-) simulated rainfall events. Soil water availability was a limiting factor for plant growth and microbial processes due to low rainfall during the growing season. Nitrification was effectively inhibited by DMPP, decreasing topsoil NO3- concentrations by 28% on average and cumulative N2O losses by 82%. Most of the N2O was emitted during the growing season, with annual emission factors of 0.07% and 0.95% for manure with and without DMPP, respectively. Cumulative N2O emissions were 40% higher in R-compared to R+, possibly because of the higher topsoil NO3- concentrations. There was no effect of DMPP or rainfall amount on annual NO3- leaching losses, which corresponded to 12% of manure-N and were mainly driven by the post-harvest period. DMPP did not affect yield or N use efficiency (NUE) while R-caused severe reductions on biomass and NUE. We conclude that dry growing seasons can jeopardize crop production while concurrently increasing greenhouse gas emissions from a sandy soil. The use of nitrification inhibitors is strongly recommended under these conditions to address the climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Guardia
- Departamento de Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Agroecology, iClimate, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iClimate, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Noemí Mateo-Marín
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Av. Montañana, 930, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Drishya Nair
- AgroTech, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Agro Food Park, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iClimate, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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10
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García-Caparrós P, Vogelsang L, Persicke M, Wirtz M, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Differential sensitivity of metabolic pathways in sugar beet roots to combined salt, heat, and light stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13786. [PMID: 36169530 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nature commonly encounter combined stress scenarios. The response to combined stressors is often unpredictable from the response to single stresses. To address stress interference in roots, we applied salinity, heat, and high light to hydroponically grown sugar beet. Two main patterns of metabolomic acclimation were apparent. High salt of 300 mM NaCl considerably lowered metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucose. Very few metabolites revealed the opposite trend with increased contents at high salts, mostly organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid, but also tryptophan, tyrosine, and the compatible solute proline. High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C) also frequently lowered root metabolite pools. The individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress. Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents. The results reveal the complex interaction pattern of environmental parameters and urge researchers to elaborate in much more detail and width on combinatorial stress effects to bridge work under controlled growth conditions to growth in nature, and also to better understand acclimation to the consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Agirresarobe A, Miranda-Apodaca J, Odriozola I, Muñoz-Rueda A, Pérez-López U. Photosynthesis is not the unique useful trait for discriminating salt tolerance capacity between sensitive and tolerant quinoa varieties. PLANTA 2022; 256:20. [PMID: 35751708 PMCID: PMC9233658 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth was not strictly linked to photosynthesis performance under salinity conditions in quinoa. Other key traits, which were varieties-specific, rather than photosynthesis explained better growth performance. Phenotyping for salinity stress tolerance in quinoa is of great interest to select traits contributing to overall salinity tolerance and to understand the response mechanisms to salinity at a whole plant level. The objective of this work was to dissect the responses of specific traits and analyse relations between these traits to better understand growth response under salinity conditions in quinoa. Growth response to salinity was mostly related to differences in basal values of biomass, being reduced the most in plants with higher basal biomass. Regarding the relationship between growth and specific traits, in Puno variety, better photosynthetic performance was related to a better maintenance of growth. Nevertheless, in the rest of the varieties other traits rather than photosynthesis could better explain growth response. In this way, the development of succulence in F-16 and Collana varieties, also the osmotic adjustment but in smaller dimensions in Pasankalla, Marisma and S-15-15 helped to maintain better growth. Besides, smaller increases of Cl- could have caused a limited nitrate uptake reducing more growth in Vikinga. Ascorbate was considered a key trait as a noticeable fall of it was also related to higher reductions in growth in Titicaca. These results suggest that, due to the genetic variability of quinoa and the complexity of salinity tolerance, no unique and specific traits should be taken into consideration when using phenotyping for analysing salinity tolerance in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Agirresarobe
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jon Miranda-Apodaca
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Ahmad P, Venema K, Corpas FJ. Unravelling salt tolerance mechanisms in plants: From lab to field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:31-33. [PMID: 35190337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kees Venema
- Group of Ion Homeostasis and Membrane Transport. Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estacíon Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture. Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estacíon Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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13
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Dumschott K, Wuyts N, Alfaro C, Castillo D, Fiorani F, Zurita-Silva A. Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Yield under Reduced Irrigation in Chilean Coastal Lowland Quinoa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030323. [PMID: 35161304 PMCID: PMC8839172 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse crop that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high nutritional content and ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Varieties from the coastal lowland ecotype are of particular interest due to their insensitivity to photoperiod and their potential to be cultivated in higher latitudes. We performed a field experiment in the southern Atacama Desert in Chile to investigate the responses to reduced irrigation of nine previously selected coastal lowland self-pollinated (CLS) lines and the commercial cultivar Regalona. We found that several lines exhibited a yield and seed size superior to Regalona, also under reduced irrigation. Plant productivity data were analyzed together with morphological and physiological traits measured at the visible inflorescence stage to estimate the contribution of these traits to differences between the CLS lines and Regalona under full and reduced irrigation. We applied proximal sensing methods and found that thermal imaging provided a promising means to estimate variation in plant water use relating to yield, whereas hyperspectral imaging separated lines in a different way, potentially related to photosynthesis as well as water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dumschott
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Christian Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación Intihuasi (AZS), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Serena 1722093, Chile; (C.A.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Rayentué (CA), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Rengo 2940000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Dalma Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Intihuasi (AZS), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Serena 1722093, Chile; (C.A.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Rayentué (CA), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Rengo 2940000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Andrés Zurita-Silva
- Centro de Investigación Intihuasi (AZS), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Serena 1722093, Chile; (C.A.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Rayentué (CA), Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Rengo 2940000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán 3780000, Chile
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14
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Ran X, Wang X, Huang X, Ma C, Liang H, Liu B. Study on the Relationship of Ions (Na, K, Ca) Absorption and Distribution to Photosynthetic Response of Salix matsudana Koidz Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860111. [PMID: 35592567 PMCID: PMC9111522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To identify the key indicators for salt tolerance evaluation of Salix matsudana Koidz, we explored the relationship of ion absorption and distribution with chlorophyll, fluorescence parameters (leaf performance index, maximum photochemical efficiency), and photosynthetic gas parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration) under salt stress. We established 4 treatment groups and one control group based on salinity levels of NaCl hydroponic solutions (171, 342, 513, and 684 mm). The Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic parameters of leaves were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 15th days to analyze the correlations of chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters to the ion distribution ratio. The results showed that (1) The ratio of the dry weight of roots to leaves gradually increased with increasing salt concentration, whereas the water content of leaves and roots first increased and then decreased with increasing time. (2) The content of Na+, Na+/K+, and Na+/Ca2+ in roots and leaves increased with increasing salt stress concentration and treatment time, and the difference gradually narrowed. (3) Ca2+ was lost more than K+ under salt stress, and Na+/Ca2+ was more sensitive to the salt stress environment than Na+/K+. (4) Because the root system had a retention effect, both Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ in roots under different NaCl concentrations and different treatment times were higher than those in leaves, and Na+/Ca2+ was much higher than Na+/K+ in roots. (5) Na+/K+ had a higher correlation with fluorescence parameters than Na+/Ca2+. Among them, Na+/K+ had a significantly negative correlation with the maximum photochemical efficiency, and the correlation coefficient R 2 was 0.8576. (6) Photosynthetic gas parameters had a higher correlation with Na+/Ca2+ than with Na+/K+. Among them, significantly negative correlations were noted between Na+/Ca2+ and Gs as well as between Na+/Ca2+ and E under salt stress. The correlation between Na+/Ca2+ and Gs was the highest with a correlation coefficient of 0.9368. (7) Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ had no significant correlation with chlorophylls. Na+/Ca2+ was selected as a key index to evaluate the salt tolerance of S. matsudana Koidz, and the results provided a reference for analyzing the relationship between ion transport and distribution for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ran
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Changming Ma
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Haiyong Liang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bingxiang Liu
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxiang Liu,
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15
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González JA, Hinojosa L, Mercado MI, Fernández-Turiel JL, Bazile D, Ponessa GI, Eisa S, González DA, Rejas M, Hussin S, El-Samad EHA, Abdel-Ati A, Ebrahim MEA. A Long Journey of CICA-17 Quinoa Variety to Salinity Conditions in Egypt: Mineral Concentration in the Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:407. [PMID: 33671519 PMCID: PMC7926718 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa may be a promising alternative solution for arid regions, and it is necessary to test yield and mineral accumulation in grains under different soil types. Field experiments with Chenopodium quinoa (cv. CICA-17) were performed in Egypt in non-saline (electrical conductivity, 1.9 dS m-1) and saline (20 dS m-1) soils. Thirty-four chemical elements were studied in these crops. Results show different yields and mineral accumulations in the grains. Potassium (K), P, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, and Fe are the main elements occurring in the quinoa grains, but their concentrations change between both soil types. Besides, soil salinity induced changes in the mineral pattern distribution among the different grain organs. Sodium was detected in the pericarp but not in other tissues. Pericarp structure may be a shield to prevent sodium entry to the underlying tissues but not for chloride, increasing its content in saline conditions. Under saline conditions, yield decreased to near 47%, and grain sizes greater than 1.68 mm were unfavored. Quinoa may serve as a complementary crop in the marginal lands of Egypt. It has an excellent nutrition perspective due to its mineral content and has a high potential to adapt to semi-arid and arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A González
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Ecología, Comportamiento y Conservación, T4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Hinojosa
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María I Mercado
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Morfología Vegetal, T4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, 34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, CIRAD, IRD, University Paul Valery Montpellier 3, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Graciela I Ponessa
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Morfología Vegetal, T4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sayed Eisa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11672, Egypt
| | - Daniela A González
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), T4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta Rejas
- Geosciences Barcelona, CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sayed Hussin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11672, Egypt
| | - Emad H Abd El-Samad
- Vegetable Research Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Ati
- Plant Production Department, Ecology and Dry Land Agriculture Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
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16
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Zhao C, Guo H, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang R. Melatonin Enhances Drought Tolerance by Regulating Leaf Stomatal Behavior, Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism, and Related Gene Expression in Maize Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779382. [PMID: 34966404 PMCID: PMC8710518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly known that exogenously applied melatonin can alleviate the impact of drought stress, but the mechanism used by melatonin to regulate stomatal behavior and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism to increase drought resistance remains elusive. Herein, our aim was to investigate the influence of exogenous melatonin on the regulation of C and N metabolism in maize plants under water deficit. In this study, we analyzed stomatal behavior, the key components of C and N metabolism, and the gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in the C and N metabolism in maize plants. The results showed that the application of melatonin (100 μM) significantly increased maize growth and sustained the opening of stomata, and secondarily increased the photosynthetic capacity in maize. Under drought stress, foliar application of melatonin induced the gene transcription and activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and citrate synthase, resulting in the enhancement of sucrose and starch synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This enhancement in sugar biosynthesis and the TCA cycle might lead to stronger N assimilation. As anticipated, NO3 - reduction and NH4 + assimilation were also strengthened after melatonin treatment under drought stress. An increase was observed in some key enzymatic activities and transcription involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as that of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase, and glutamine synthetase, in melatonin-treated, drought-stressed maize. Moreover, melatonin attenuated the drought-induced damage by reducing protein degradation and increasing the level of proline. Conclusively, our results indicate that exogenous melatonin enhances drought tolerance in maize via promoting stomatal opening and regulating C and N metabolism and related gene expression.
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