1
|
Belhassen D, Bejaoui S, Martins R, Perina F, Figueiredo J, Ben Abdallah B, Khila Z, Boubaker S, Ben Fayala C, Trabelsi M, Soares AMVM, Soudani N. Holistic assessment of dimethoate toxicity in Carcinus aestuarii's muscle tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:305. [PMID: 39001968 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dimethoate (DMT) is one of the most harmful and commonly used organophosphate pesticides in agricultural lands to control different groups of parasitic insects. However, this pesticide is considered a dangerous pollutant for aquatic organisms following its infiltration in coastal ecosystems through leaching. Yet, our investigation aimed to gain new insights into the toxicity mechanism of DMT in the muscles of the green crab Carcinus aestuarii, regarding oxidative stress, neurotransmission impairment, histological aspects, and changes in lipid composition, assessed for the first time on the green crab's muscle. Specimens of C. aestuarii were exposed to 50, 100, and 200 µg DMT L-1 for 24 h. Compared to the negative control group, the higher the DMT concentration, the lower the saturated fatty acids (SFA), and the higher the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The significant increase in polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 (PUFA n-6) was related to the high release, mainly, of linoleic acid (LA, C18: 2n6) and arachidonic acid (ARA, C20: 4n6) levels. Biochemical biomarkers showed that DMT exposure promoted oxidative stress, highlighted by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product levels (AOPP), and protein carbonyl (PCO). Furthermore, the antioxidant defense system was activated, as demonstrated by the significant changes in the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels associated with an adaptation process of C. aestuarii to cope with the DMT exposure. This pesticide significantly impairs the neurotransmission process, as evidenced by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Finally, several histopathological changes were revealed in DMT-treated crabs, including vacuolation, and muscle bundle loss.This research offered new insights into the toxic mechanism of DMT, pointing to the usefulness of fatty acid (FA) composition as a sensitive biomarker in littoral crabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalya Belhassen
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Roberto Martins
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Perina
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Boutheina Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Khila
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Continental Environments, UMR 7360 LIEC CNRS, University of Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13, place Pasteur, B.P. 74, 1002, Tunis, Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13, place Pasteur, B.P. 74, 1002, Tunis, Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Monia Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ribeiro SA, Braga EL, Queiroga ML, Clementino MA, Fonseca XM, Belém MO, Magalhães LM, de Sousa JK, de Freitas TM, Veras HN, de Aquino CC, Santos AD, de Moura FR, Dos Santos AA, Havt A, Maciel BL, Lima AA. A New Murine Undernutrition Model Based on Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Causes Damage to the Morphofunctional Intestinal Epithelium Barrier. J Nutr 2024; 154:1232-1251. [PMID: 38346539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children. OBJECTIVES To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from 7 countries with low-socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study. METHODS We used the difference in the percentage of energy, macronutrients, fiber and zinc in the complementary diet of children without undernutrition compared with stunting (height-for-age Z-score < -2) for the MAL-ED diet formulation. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (AIN-93M diet) or MAL-ED diet for 28 d. Weight was measured daily; body composition was measured every 7 d; lactulose:mannitol ratio (LM) and morphometry were evaluated on days 7 and 28; the cotransport test and analysis of intestinal transporters and tight junctions were performed on day 7. RESULTS The MAL-ED diet presented -8.03% energy, -37.46% protein, -24.20% lipid, -10.83% zinc, +5.93% carbohydrate, and +45.17% fiber compared with the control diet. This diet rapidly reduced weight gain and compromised body growth and energy reserves during the chronic period (P < 0.05). In the intestinal epithelial barrier, this diet caused an increase in the LM (P < 0.001) and reduced (P < 0.001) the villous area associated with an increase in FAT/CD36 in the acute period and increased (P < 0.001) mannitol excretion in the chronic period. CONCLUSIONS The MAL-ED diet induced undernutrition in mice, resulting in acute damage to the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and a subsequent increase in the intestinal area during the chronic period. This study introduces the first murine model of undernutrition for the complementary feeding phase, based on data from undernourished children in 7 different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samilly A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Enock Lr Braga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcus L Queiroga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marco A Clementino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Xhaulla Mqc Fonseca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mônica O Belém
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Mvc Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José K de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Freitas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Herlice N Veras
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alan Dc Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rm de Moura
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Armênio A Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ll Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aldo Am Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fetriyuna F, Purwestri RC, Jati IR, Setiawan B, Huda S, Wirawan NN, Andoyo R. Ready-to-use therapeutic/supplementary foods from local food resources: Technology accessibility, program effectiveness, and sustainability, a review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22478. [PMID: 38046154 PMCID: PMC10686882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) or Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) has been widely used in home-based treatment for severely and moderately acute malnourished children. These programs showed positive results in short term nutritional recovery in children, which were reported in some research settings. Nowadays, the RUTF/RUSF formulation has been improved using a variety of RUTF/RUSF from locally available food ingredients. This paper aims to review the essential aspects of the development and provision of RUTF/RUSF made from local food resources and monitor program effectiveness that warrants the program's sustainability. The modified recipes of RUTF/RUSF were developed following the international dietary guidelines for the rehabilitation of severely and moderately acute malnourished children. The local production of RUTF/RUSF provided some benefits that include empowering the local community, consideration of the common eating pattern, promoting the diversification of food consumption, strengthening food security, as well as supporting the sustainability of RUTF/RUSF production. Results of the PRISMA-based systematic literature review revealed various ingredient developments and processing techniques which could improve the product characteristics and sensory evaluation. RUTF/RUSF in local food production provided different food carriers (e.g., biscuits, wafers) and seemed to be more readily accepted by the children. Furthermore, the program sustainability of RUTF/RUSF depends on a continuous ingredients supply and support from the local government. The findings presented the importance of development of such food supplements based on the local food resources and with improved technology for prevention and rehabilitation of malnourished children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fetriyuna Fetriyuna
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Institute for Nutritional Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri
- Institute for Nutritional Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ignasius R.A.P. Jati
- Department of Food Technology, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, 60265, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Syamsul Huda
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nia Novita Wirawan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Robi Andoyo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Study Center for the Development of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sigh S, Lauritzen L, Wieringa FT, Laillou A, Chamnan C, Stark KD, Roos N. Changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids during treatment of malnourished children may be insufficient to reach required essential fatty acid levels - A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1778-1787. [PMID: 37572581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global concern. Studies on the impact of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are almost non-existent. The aim was to investigate the change in whole-blood PUFA and nutrition and health markers among Cambodian children with SAM after treatment with RUTFs. METHODS The trial was an 8-week randomised clinical trial of the effectiveness of locally produced fish-based RUTF (L-RUTF) vs standard milk-based RUFT (S-RUTF). Whole-blood fatty acids were analysed using dried blood spots. Nutrition and health markers were assessed using anthropometric assessment and blood samples for markers of inflammation. The trial was conducted at the National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with one hundred and twenty-one 6-59-month-old children in treatment for SAM. RESULTS L-RUTF had a higher content of n-3 PUFA and a higher content of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while S-RUTF had the highest content of n-6 PUFA. At baseline, the children presented with a Mead acid level in whole-blood of around 0.08% of total fatty acids (FA%) and an omega-3 index of ∼0.91 ± 0.44. After eight weeks of S-RUTF treatment, linoleic acid (LA), AA, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and Mead acid levels were increased. The L-RUTF intervention did not change the whole-blood PUFAs from baseline. At discharge, the children in the L-RUTF group had a lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than the children in the S-RUTF group, driven by a lower alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (0.20 vs 0.27 FA%, p = 0.004) and lower LA (15.77 vs 14.21 FA%, p = 0.018) with no significant differences in AA or DHA levels. Weight-for-height z-score at discharge was negatively associated with total PUFA (β -1.4 FA%, 95%CI. -2.7; -0.1), n-6 LCPUFA (β -1.3 FA%, 95%CI. -1.3; -0.3), and AA (β -0.6 FA%, 95%CI. -1.0; -0.2). Age-adjusted height was negatively associated with the Mead acid:AA ratio (β -1.2 FA%, 95%CI. -2.2; -0.2). No significant change was seen in inflammation markers within groups or between groups during treatment, and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were not associated with markers of inflammation or haemoglobin status at discharge. CONCLUSION The trial found that whole-blood markers of PUFA status were low in children at admission and discharge from SAM treatment, indicating that the currently recommended composition of RUTFs are not able to correct their compromised essential fatty acid status. The higher content of DHA and AA in L-RUTF did not give rise to any improvement in PUFA status. No changes in health markers or associations between PUFA and health markers were found. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02907424.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Sigh
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- UMR QualiSud, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France; Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF West and Central Africa Region, Dakar 29720, Senegal.
| | - Chhoun Chamnan
- Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Littlejohn PT, Bar-Yoseph H, Edwards K, Li H, Ramirez-Contreras CY, Holani R, Metcalfe-Roach A, Fan YM, Yang TMS, Radisavljevic N, Hu X, Johnson JD, Finlay BB. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies alter energy metabolism in host and gut microbiome in an early-life murine model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1151670. [PMID: 37497061 PMCID: PMC10365968 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1151670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Micronutrients perform a wide range of physiological functions essential for growth and development. However, most people still need to meet the estimated average requirement worldwide. Globally, 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiency, most of which are co-occurring deficiencies in children under age five. Despite decades of research, animal models studying multiple micronutrient deficiencies within the early-life period are lacking, which hinders our complete understanding of the long-term health implications and may contribute to the inefficacy of some nutritional interventions. Evidence supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory demonstrates that early-life nutritional deficiencies carry life-long consequences mediated through various mechanisms such as abnormal metabolic programming, stunting, altered body composition, and the gut microbiome. However, this is largely unexplored in the multiple micronutrient deficient host. Methods we developed a preclinical model to examine undernutrition's metabolic and functional impact on the host and gut microbiome early in life. Three-week-old weanling C57BL/6N male mice were fed a low-micronutrient diet deficient in zinc, folate, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 or a control diet for 4-weeks. Results Our results showed that early-life multiple micronutrient deficiencies induced stunting, altered body composition, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and altered the levels of other micronutrients not depleted in the diet within the host. In addition, functional metagenomics profiling and a carbohydrate fermentation assay showed an increased microbial preference for simple sugars rather than complex ones, suggestive of a less developed microbiome in the low-micronutrient-fed mice. Moreover, we found that a zinc-only deficient diet was not sufficient to induce these phenotypes, further supporting the importance of studying co-occurring deficiencies. Discussion Together, these findings highlight a previously unappreciated role of early-life multiple micronutrient deficiencies in shaping the metabolic phenome of the host and gut microbiome through altered glucose energy metabolism, which may have implications for metabolic disease later in life in micronutrient-deficient survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula T. Littlejohn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haggai Bar-Yoseph
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karlie Edwards
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ravi Holani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Avril Metcalfe-Roach
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yiyun M. Fan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Min-Shih Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Radisavljevic
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D. Johnson
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
K B C, R H, R A, G JJB, J P D, Banjara SK, M A, K PR, B N, M SP. Macronutrient composition of term and preterm human milk of different socio economic groups. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102571. [PMID: 37079956 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the nutritional composition of Human Breast Milk (HBM) is important to understand its sufficiency as the sole nutrient source in infants. The present study is aimed to analyze the proximate composition along with total amino acid and fatty acid profile in term and preterm HBM of different socio economic status. This cross sectional study included, 120 lactating mothers with term or preterm gestation from maternity hospitals located in Hyderabad, Telangana. Nutritional proximate, total amino and fatty acid profiles were estimated in pooled human milk collected from each participant within the first week of postpartum. The macronutrient composition in term was similar to that of preterm breast milk. The essential amino acid Leucine was significantly high in preterm (8.91 ± 0.18) when compared to term (8.61 ± 0.23). ω-5 fatty acid Myristoleic acid was significantly high in preterm (0.14 ± 0.02) when compared to term (0.11 ± 0.02), whereas ω-6 fatty acids like Docosadienoic Acid and Eicosadienoic acid were found to be significantly high in term when compared to preterm. Further, it was also found that the mono unsaturated and ω-9 fatty acids were significantly high in lower socio economic group, whereas, poly unsaturated and ω -3 and 6 fatty acids were significantly high in upper socio economic group. The present study concludes that, nutritional composition like essential amino and fatty acids of human milk vary significantly between different gestational age as well as in socio economic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chathyushya K B
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemalatha R
- Director. ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ananthan R
- Food Chemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - J J Babu G
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Devraj J P
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Banjara
- Maternal and Child Health Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Alimelu M
- Department of Neonatology, Niloufer Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pradeep Reddy K
- Neonatology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Banjarahills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitasha B
- Neonatology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Banjarahills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Prakash M
- Former Scientist, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Narvaez-Rivas M, Setchell KDR, Galandi SL, Zhao X, Iqbal NT, Ahmed S, Iqbal J, Syed S, Ali SA, Moore SR. Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency Associates with Growth Faltering and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Children. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040489. [PMID: 37110148 PMCID: PMC10142200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is characterized by intestinal inflammation, malabsorption and growth-faltering in children with heightened exposure to gut pathogens. The aim of this study was to characterize serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), in association with childhood undernutrition and EED, as potential biomarkers to predict growth outcomes. The study comprised a cohort of undernourished rural Pakistani infants (n = 365) and age-matched controls followed prospectively up to 24 months of age. Serum NEFA were quantified at ages 3–6 and 9 months and correlated with growth outcomes, serum bile acids and EED histopathological biomarkers. Serum NEFA correlated with linear growth-faltering and systemic and gut biomarkers of EED. Undernourished children exhibited essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), with low levels of linoleic acid and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, compensated by increased levels of oleic acid and increased elongase and desaturase activities. EFAD correlated with reduced anthropometric Z scores at 3–6 and 9 months of age. Serum NEFA also correlated with elevated BA and liver dysfunction. Essential fatty acid depletion and altered NEFA metabolism were highly prevalent and associated with acute and chronic growth-faltering in EED. The finding suggests that targeting early interventions to correct EFAD and promote FA absorption in children with EED may facilitate childhood growth in high-risk settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Narvaez-Rivas
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.N.-R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.N.-R.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Correspondence: (K.D.R.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Stephanie L. Galandi
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.N.-R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.N.-R.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sana Syed
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Syed Asad Ali
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.D.R.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Correspondence: (K.D.R.S.); (S.A.A.); (S.R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mortensen MS, Ruiz J, Watts JL. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Drive Lipid Peroxidation during Ferroptosis. Cells 2023; 12:804. [PMID: 36899940 PMCID: PMC10001165 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is intricately linked to cellular metabolism. In the forefront of research on ferroptosis, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids has emerged as a key driver of oxidative damage to cellular membranes leading to cell death. Here, we review the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), lipid remodeling enzymes and lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis, highlighting studies revealing how using the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans contributes to the understanding of the roles of specific lipids and lipid mediators in ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer L. Watts
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Razquin C, Ruiz-Canela M, Wernitz A, Toledo E, Corella D, Alonso-Gómez Á, Fitó M, Gómez-Gracia E, Estruch R, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Ros E, Arós F, Salas-Salvadó J, Schulze MB, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Effects of Supplemented Mediterranean Diets on Plasma-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease after 1 Year of Intervention in the PREDIMED Trial. Clin Chem 2023; 69:283-294. [PMID: 36683466 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Diet and endogenous metabolism influence the FA profile of the plasma phospholipid (PL) fraction. In the PREDIMED trial, we examined 1-year changes in the FA profile of plasma PL according to a nutritional intervention with Mediterranean diets, either supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), in a high cardiovascular risk population. We also analyzed if 1-year changes in PL FAs were associated with subsequent cardiovascular risk. METHODS We included 779 participants in our case-cohort study: 185 incident cases and 594 participants in the subcohort (including 31 overlapping cases). The end point was the incidence of CVD. We measured the FAs of plasma PL at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. RESULTS MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9 in linear regression models [β coefficientperSD : 0.215 (95% CI, 0.032-0.399) and 0.271 (0.107-0.434), respectively] and decreased 16:1n7 and C22:4n6 [βperSD: -0.239 (95% CI, -0.416 to -0.061) and -0.287 (95% CI, -0.460 to -0.113), respectively] vs the control group. MedDiet + nuts increased C18:3n3 [βperSD: 0.382 (95% CI, 0.225 - 0.539)], C18:2n6 [βper SD: 0.250 (95% CI, 0.073 - 0.428)], C18:0 [βperSD: 0.268 (95% CI, 0.085-0.452)], and C22:0 [βper SD: 0.216 (95% CI, 0.031-0.402)]; and decreased the sum of six n6 FAs [βper SD: -0.147 (95% CI, -0.268 to -0.027)] vs the control group. The 1-year increase in C18:2n6 was inversely associated with the subsequent CVD risk (HRperSD: 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.92)). CONCLUSIONS MedDiet interventions changed n6 FAs and C16:1n7c; other changes were specific for each group: MedDiet + EVOO increased C17:0 and C20:3n9, and MedDiet + Nuts C18:3n3, C18:2n6, C18:0, and C22:0 FAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Wernitz
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Augist Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine-Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Agust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sigh S, Roos N, Chhoun C, Laillou A, Wieringa FT. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods Fail to Improve Vitamin A and Iron Status Meaningfully during Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition in 6-59-Month-old Cambodian Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040905. [PMID: 36839263 PMCID: PMC9961841 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a global health concern. Studies on the impact of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) on micronutrient status during SAM treatment are almost nonexistent. The objective was to investigate the impact of RUTFs on the iron and vitamin A status of 6-59-month-old children receiving SAM treatment. Biomarkers of vitamin A status (retinol-binding protein, RBP), iron status (ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor, sTfR), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, AGP) were collected at admission and discharge (week 8) during an RUTF effectiveness trial. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as RBP <0.70 µmol/L, low body iron as body iron (BI) <0 mg/kg and deficient iron stores as ferritin <12 µg/L. Data were available for 110 and 75 children at admission and discharge, respectively. There was no significant difference in haemoglobin, ferritin, sTfR, BI or RBP concentrations between admission and discharge. At discharge, BI was 0.2 mg/kg lower, and there was a tendency towards a slightly lower RBP concentration, but the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was low at admission and discharge (6% and 3%, respectively). The small impact of both RUTFs on improving vitamin A and iron status during SAM treatment calls for further research on the bioavailability of micronutrients to enhance the effectiveness of SAM treatment on micronutrient status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Sigh
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, 186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, Phnom Penh 12101, Cambodia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +855-(0)95-201-308
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Chamnan Chhoun
- Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, 186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, Phnom Penh 12101, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF West and Central Africa Region, Dakar 29720, Senegal
| | - Frank T. Wieringa
- UMR QualiSud, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, 34394 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
KIANI AYSHAKARIM, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, AQUILANTI BARBARA, VELLUTI VALERIA, MATERA GIUSEPPINA, IACONELLI AMERIGO, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Main nutritional deficiencies. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E93-E101. [PMID: 36479498 PMCID: PMC9710417 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is the source of energy that is required to carry out all the processes of human body. A balanced diet is a combination of both macro- and micronutrients. "Nutritional inadequacy" involves an intake of nutrients that is lower than the estimated average requirement, whereas "nutritional deficiency" consists of severely reduced levels of one or more nutrients, making the body unable to normally perform its functions and thus leading to an increased risk of several diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Malnutrition could be caused by environmental factors, like food scarcity, as well as disease conditions, like anorexia nervosa, fasting, swallowing inability, persistent vomiting, impaired digestion, intestinal malabsorption, or other chronic diseases. Nutritional biomarkers - like serum or plasma levels of nutrients such as folate, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, selenium, copper, zinc - could be used for the evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary exposure. Macronutrients deficiencies could cause kwashiorkor, marasmus, ketosis, growth retardation, wound healing, and increased infection susceptibility, whereas micronutrient - like iron, folate, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A - deficiencies lead to intellectual impairment, poor growth, perinatal complications, degenerative diseases associated with aging and higher morbidity and mortality. Preventing macro- and micronutrient deficiency is crucial and this could be achieved through supplementation and food-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KEVIN DONATO
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano,
39100, Italy. E-mail:
| | - BARBARA AQUILANTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - VALERIA VELLUTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - GIUSEPPINA MATERA
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - AMERIGO IACONELLI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - STEPHEN THADDEUS CONNELLY
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System,
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona,
Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona,
Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN),
Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA),
USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Analysis of Circulating Fatty Acid Profiles in Free-Ranging and Managed Care Marine Toads (Rhinella marina) with a Comparison of Whole-Blood Vial and Whole-Blood Dried Blood Spot Card Analyses. JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg3030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides novel data on circulating concentrations of whole-blood fatty acids (FAs) in marine toads (Rhinella marina) via dried blood spot (DBS) card technology as a potential amphibian model species. Free-ranging (n = 10) animals were compared to managed populations fed two diet strategies for 60 days (n = 6 per diet). Thirty-six individual FAs were analyzed, with 28 found in significant reportable quantities. Eight FA groupings were represented. Traditional whole-blood vial (WBV) FA percentages were also collected and compared to DBS after managed care for 60 days. Results showed eleven individual FAs and four FA groups were higher in free-ranging toads (n = 10; p ≤ 0.05), while three FAs and three groups were higher in managed care (n = 12; p ≤ 0.05). FA concentrations compared between DBS cards and WBV at day 60 generally agreed, although two individual FAs and one grouping were higher in DBS (p ≤ 0.05). When free-ranging FAs were analyzed by sex, four individual FAs and two groupings were higher in females, while four individual FAs and one grouping were higher in males. Understanding normal FA circulating levels and how husbandry changes them may impact amphibian health. Additionally, DBS cards may provide a convenient sampling tool for fieldwork.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pobee RA, Fenton JI, Sikorskii A, Zalwango SK, Felzer-Kim I, Medina IM, Giordani B, Ezeamama AE. Association of serum PUFA and linear growth over 12 months among 6-10 years old Ugandan children with or without HIV. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-11. [PMID: 35369893 PMCID: PMC9991724 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify PUFA-associated improvement in linear growth among children aged 6-10 years. DESIGN Serum fatty acids (FA), including essential FA (EFA) (linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) were quantified at baseline using GC-MS technology. FA totals by class (n-3, n-6, n-9, PUFA and SFA) and FA ratios were calculated. Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) relative to WHO population reference values were calculated longitudinally at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Linear regression models estimated PUFA, HIV status and their interaction-associated standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI in HAZ over 12 months. SETTING Community controls and children connected to community health centre in Kampala, Uganda, were enrolled. PARTICIPANTS Children perinatally HIV-infected (CPHIV, n 82), or HIV-exposed but uninfected (CHEU, n 76) and community controls (n 78). RESULTS Relative to highest FA levels, low SFA (SMD = 0·31, 95 % CI: 0·03, 0·60), low Mead acid (SMD = 0·38, 95 % CI: 0·02, 0·74), low total n-9 (SMD = 0·44, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·80) and low triene-to-tetraene ratio (SMD = 0·42, 95 % CI: 0·07, 0·77) predicted superior growth over 12 months. Conversely, low LA (SMD = -0·47, 95 % CI: -0·82, -0·12) and low total PUFA (sum of total n-3, total n-6 and Mead acid) (SMD = -0·33 to -0·39, 95 % CI: -0·71, -0·01) predicted growth deficit over 12 months follow-up, regardless of HIV status. CONCLUSION Low n-3 FA (ALA, EPA and n-3 index) predicted growth deficits among community controls. EFA sufficiency may improve stature in school-aged children regardless of HIV status. Evaluating efficacy of diets low in total SFA, sufficient in EFA and enriched in n-3 FA for improving child growth is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Pobee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, 322B West Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Sarah K Zalwango
- Directorate of Public Health and Environment, Kampala Capital City Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ilce M Medina
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amara E Ezeamama
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, 322B West Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamilton JS, Klett EL. Linoleic acid and the regulation of glucose homeostasis: A review of the evidence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 175:102366. [PMID: 34763302 PMCID: PMC8691379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of linoleic acid (LA, ω-6 18:2), the most common ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Modern Western diet (MWD), has significantly increased over the last century in tandem with unprecedented incidence of chronic metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although an essential fatty acid for health, LA was a very rare fatty acid in the diet of humans during their evolution. While the intake of other dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates like fructose) has also risen, diets rich in ω-6 PUFAs have been promoted in an effort to reduce cardiovascular disease despite unclear evidence as to how increased dietary LA consumption could promote a proinflammatory state and affect glucose metabolism. Current evidence suggests that sex, genetics, environmental factors, and disease status can differentially modulate how LA influences insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake as well as insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function. Therefore, the aim of this review will be to summarize recent additions to our knowledge to refine the unique physiological and pathophysiological roles of LA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob S Hamilton
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric L Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wood J, Jb Minter L, Tollefson TN, Bissell H, Bibus D, Ange-van Heugten K. Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum simum) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3063. [PMID: 34827795 PMCID: PMC8614272 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) are African megaherbivores that are considered near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The fatty acid circulating values of these animals have not been thoroughly investigated. Fatty acids are critical for immune, heart, skin, and reproductive health, and may have a significant impact on the management and conservation of this species. Published data on fatty acids in this species is limited to incomplete profiles with very few animals in managed environments. The objectives of this research were to provide novel fatty acid percentage profiles for managed healthy southern white rhinoceroses, as well as to provide comparisons between two zoological institutions with differences in diet and climate during two distinct pasture growth periods. Whole blood samples were collected as dried blood spots from six rhinoceroses at the North Carolina Zoo (NC Zoo) and five rhinoceroses at Busch Gardens Tampa (BGT) in the low growth period (February to April) of 2019 and during the high growth period (July to September) of 2020. Fatty acid results indicated numerous differences when comparing the institutions within the same growth period and when comparing the same institution between its two growth periods. Most noteworthy were the higher levels of α-linolenic acid (18:3w3) and total omega-3 fatty acids and the lower linoleic acid (18:2w6), total omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio found in the BGT population in both growth periods. This study provides novel percentages of fatty acids in managed southern white rhinoceroses and data on how fatty acid profiles may be altered between two housing locations via dietary differences in hay type and quantity, pasture availability via season, and pellet inclusion levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wood
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | | | - Troy Neil Tollefson
- Mazuri® Exotic Animal Nutrition, PMI Nutrition, Land O’Lakes, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63144, USA;
| | - Heidi Bissell
- Busch Gardens Tampa Bay, 10165 McKinley Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Doug Bibus
- Lipid Technologies LLC, P.O. Box 216, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee JH, Kim TK, Jeong CH, Yong HI, Cha JY, Kim BK, Choi YS. Biological activity and processing technologies of edible insects: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1003-1023. [PMID: 34471556 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning global population growth has raised concerns regarding the expected increase in the demand for food, which could be partially tackled by identifying novel food sources. To this end, edible insects have recently attracted research interest. Several technologies for utilizing edible insect-derived proteins have been introduced; however, research into their functional utilization is insufficient. Herein, we reviewed the relevant literature on the importance of insects as food sources, extraction of edible insects, the nutritional value of insects, biological activities of components, and their applications in food industries. We summarized the studies primarily focused on the functional utilization of edible insects, suggesting that for successful incorporation and growth of edible insects in food and pharmaceutical industries, strategies to improve the extraction methods are required to explore the biological activity of edible insects. Furthermore, the awareness of edible insects with a focus on their allergens warrants consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jeong
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Cha
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| | - Bum-Keun Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sivanesan P, Weerasinghe T, Nanayakkara K, Samaraweera S, Seneviratne J, Elsner P. [Infant with generalized edema and a skin rash]. Hautarzt 2021; 73:411-413. [PMID: 34328513 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thulasi Weerasinghe
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kavindra Nanayakkara
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sriyani Samaraweera
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayamini Seneviratne
- Department of Dermatology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Whole-blood PUFA and associations with markers of nutritional and health status in acutely malnourished children in Cambodia. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:974-986. [PMID: 31973779 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure fatty acid composition, particularly whole-blood PUFA content, in acutely malnourished children and identify associations with markers of nutritional and health status. DESIGN PUFA were assessed in dried blood spots obtained from a cross-sectional study. Nutritional and health status were assessed by anthropometry, haemoglobinopathies, inflammation and blood counts. SETTING Cambodia. PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted with 174 children aged 0·5-18 years with acute malnutrition. RESULTS Among total fatty acids (FA), the relative percentage of total PUFA was 20 % FA, with 14 % of the children having very low PUFA (mead acid (MA):arachidonic acid (AA) >0·02, n-6 docosapentaenoic acid:DHA >0·2 and total n-6:n-3 PUFA >10·5). Wasting was not associated with any PUFA. Stunting and low height were consistently positively associated with total PUFA and positively with n-6 PUFA. Height was positively associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA). The presence of haemoglobinopathies or inflammation was positively associated with MA:AA, but not total PUFA. Elevated blood platelet counts were positively correlated with linoleic acid and appeared to be influenced by anaemia (P = 0·010) and inflammation (P = 0·002). Monocyte counts were high during inflammation (P = 0·052) and correlated positively with n-6 LCPUFA and n-3 LCPUFA. CONCLUSIONS Children with acute malnutrition or stunting had low PUFA, while elevated platelets and monocytes were associated with high PUFA. In acutely malnourished children, inflammation could lead to elevated blood cell counts resulting in increased whole-blood PUFA which does not reflect dietary intake or nutritional status.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood malnutrition is a major global health issue. It is often thought of as a developing world problem and therefore, underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in developed countries. The delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Cutaneous manifestations are often the initial presenting signs of nutritional deficiency. Early recognition is essential in timely initiation of the necessary interventions. This article will review pertinent cutaneous findings and systemic manifestations associated with common nutritional deficiencies. RECENT FINDINGS Malnutrition has historically been associated with poverty in developing countries. However, recent literatures suggest that the incidence of nutritional deficiencies continuous to rise among infants from developed countries, as a result of dietary restrictions because of perceived food allergies or intolerance. It is also an emerging finding in children with complicated medical problems. SUMMARY It is very important to raise awareness about cutaneous manifestations of nutritional deficiency as early and appropriate treatment results in excellent prognosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Association of Whole Blood Fatty Acids and Growth in Southern Ghanaian Children 2⁻6 Years of Age. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080954. [PMID: 30042359 PMCID: PMC6115983 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Ghana, stunting rates in children below 5 years of age vary regionally. Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are crucial for linear growth. The objective of this study was to determine the association between blood FAs and growth parameters in southern Ghanaian children 2⁻6 years of age. A drop of blood was collected on an antioxidant treated card and analyzed for FA composition. Weight and height were measured and z-scores calculated. Relationships between FAs and growth were analyzed by linear regressions and factor analysis. Of the 209 subjects, 22% were stunted and 10.6% were essential FA deficient (triene/tetraene ratio > 0.02). Essential FA did not differ between stunted and non-stunted children and was not associated with height-for-age z-score or weight-for-age z-score. Similarly, no relationships between other blood fatty acids and growth parameters were observed in this population. However, when blood fatty acid levels in these children were compared to previously reported values from northern Ghana, the analysis showed that blood omega-3 FA levels were significantly higher and omega-6 FA levels lower in the southern Ghanaian children (p < 0.001). Fish and seafood consumption in this southern cohort was high and could account for the lower stunting rates observed in these children compared to other regions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Adjepong M, Pickens CA, Jain R, Harris WS, Annan RA, Fenton JI. Association of whole blood n-6 fatty acids with stunting in 2-to-6-year-old Northern Ghanaian children: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193301. [PMID: 29494645 PMCID: PMC5832227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In Northern Ghana, 33% of children are stunted due to economic disparities. Dietary fatty acids (FA) are critical for growth, but whether blood FA levels are adequate in Ghanaian children is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the association between whole blood FAs and growth parameters in Northern Ghanaian children 2-6 years of age. A drop of blood was collected on an antioxidant treated card and analyzed for FA composition. Weight and height were measured and z-scores were calculated. Relationships between FAs and growth parameters were analyzed by Spearman correlations, linear regressions, and factor analysis. Of the 307 children who participated, 29.7% were stunted and 8% were essential FA deficient (triene/tetraene ratio>0.02). Essential FA did not differ between stunted and non-stunted children and was not associated with height-for-age z-score (HAZ) or weight-for-age z-score (WAZ). In hemoglobin adjusted regression models, both HAZ and WAZ were positively associated with arachidonic acid (p≤0.01), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, p≤0.05), docosatetraenoic acid (p≤0.01) and the ratio of DGLA/linoleic acid (p≤0.01). These data add to the growing body of evidence indicating n-6 FAs are critical in childhood linear growth. Our findings provide new insights into the health status of an understudied Northern Ghanaian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Adjepong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - C. Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William S. Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota and Omega Quant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sensitivity of fatty acid desaturation and elongation to plasma zinc concentration: a randomised controlled trial in Beninese children. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:610-619. [PMID: 29352828 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700366x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zn status may affect fatty acid (FA) metabolism because it acts as a cofactor in FA desaturase and elongase enzymes. Zn supplementation affects the FA desaturases of Zn-deficient rats, but whether this occurs in humans is unclear. We evaluated the associations between baseline plasma Zn (PZn) concentration and plasma total phospholipid FA composition, as well as the effect of daily consumption of Zn-fortified water on FA status in Beninese children. A 20-week, double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted in 186 school age children. The children were randomly assigned to receive a daily portion of Zn-fortified, filtered water delivering on average 2·8 mg Zn/d or non-fortified filtered water. Plasma total phospholipid FA composition was determined using capillary GLC and PZn concentrations by atomic absorption spectrometry. At baseline, PZn correlated positively with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, r 0·182; P=0·024) and the DGLA:linoleic acid (LA) ratio (r 0·293; P<0·000), and negatively with LA (r -0·211; P=0·009) and the arachidonic acid:DGLA ratio (r -0·170; P=0·036). With the intervention, Zn fortification increased nervonic acid (B: 0·109; 95 % CI 0·001, 0·218) in all children (n 186) and more so in children who were Zn-deficient (n 60) at baseline (B: 0·230; 95 % CI 0·023, 0·488). In conclusion, in this study, Zn-fortified filtered water prevented the reduction of nervonic acid composition in the plasma total phospholipids of children, and this effect was stronger in Zn-deficient children. Thus, Zn status may play an important role in FA desaturation and/or elongation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Barroso FG, Sánchez-Muros MJ, Segura M, Morote E, Torres A, Ramos R, Guil JL. Insects as food: Enrichment of larvae of Hermetia illucens with omega 3 fatty acids by means of dietary modifications. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
25
|
Drzymała-Czyż S, Szczepanik M, Krzyżanowska P, Duś-Żuchowska M, Pogorzelski A, Sapiejka E, Juszczak P, Lisowska A, Koletzko B, Walkowiak J. Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with and without Liver Cirrhosis. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 71:91-98. [DOI: 10.1159/000477913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: Cystic fibrosis (CF) liver disease is the third most frequent cause of death in CF patients. Although it alters fatty acid (FA) metabolism, data concerning the profile of FA in CF patients with liver cirrhosis is lacking. This study aimed to assess the FA composition of serum phospholipids in CF patients with and without liver cirrhosis. Methods: The study comprised 25 CF patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 without it. We assessed Z-scores for body height and weight, lung function, exocrine pancreatic sufficiency and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FAs' profile of serum glycerophospholipids was quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results: In CF patients with liver cirrhosis, the levels of C16:0 were higher and the amounts of C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, and all the n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3) were lower than those in CF subjects without liver cirrhosis. The n-6/n-3, C20:4n-6/C18:2n-6, total n-6/C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3/C18:3n-3 and total n-3/C18:3n-3 ratios did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis may associate with profound abnormalities in the composition of serum glycerophospholipids FAs in CF patients. None of the analyzed clinical factors could explain the greater prevalence of low levels of PUFAs in this CF subgroup.
Collapse
|
26
|
Correlates of whole-blood polyunsaturated fatty acids among young children with moderate acute malnutrition. Nutr J 2017; 16:44. [PMID: 28705254 PMCID: PMC5508879 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been associated with low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status. However, investigations regarding PUFA status and correlates in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) from low-income countries are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe whole-blood PUFA levels in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and to identify correlates of PUFAs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from a prospective nutritional intervention trial among 1609 children with MAM aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso,West Africa. Whole-blood PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography and expressed as percent of total whole-blood fatty acids (FA%). Potential correlates of PUFAs including infection, inflammation, hemoglobin, anthropometry (difference between children diagnosed as having MAM based on low mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) only, low MUAC and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), or low WHZ only) and diet were assessed by linear regression adjusted for age and sex. Results Children with MAM had low concentrations of whole-blood PUFAs, particularly n-3 PUFAs. Moreover, children diagnosed with MAM based only on low MUAC had 0.32 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14; 0.50) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.16; 0.63) FA% lower arachidonic acid (AA) than those recruited based on both low WHZ as well as low MUAC and those recruited with low WHZ only, respectively. Infection and inflammation were associated with low levels of all long-chain (LC)-PUFAs, while hemoglobin was positively associated with whole-blood LC-PUFAs. Conclusion While PUFA deficiency was not a general problem, overall whole-blood PUFA concentrations, especially of n-3 PUFAs, were low. Infection, inflammation, hemoglobin, anthropometry and diet were correlates of PUFAs concentrations in children with MAM. Trial registration The trial is registered at http://www.isrctn.com (ISRCTN42569496).
Collapse
|
27
|
de Melo MFFT, Pereira DE, Sousa MM, Medeiros DMF, Lemos LTM, Madruga MS, Santos NM, de Oliveira MEG, de Menezes CC, Soares JKB. Maternal intake of cashew nuts accelerates reflex maturation and facilitates memory in the offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:58-67. [PMID: 28663041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids, being indispensable during the stages of pregnancy, lactation and infancy influence the transmission of nerve impulses and brain function, and cashew nuts are a good source of these fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on reflex development, memory and profile of fatty acids of rat offspring treated during pregnancy and lactation. The animals were divided into three groups: Control (CONT), treated with 7% lipid derived from soybean oil; Normolipidic (NL) treated with 7% lipids derived from cashew nuts; and Hyperlipidic (HL) treated with 20% lipids derived from cashew nuts. Reflex ontogeny, Open-field habituation test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) were assessed. The profile of fatty acids in the brain was carried out when the animals were zero, 21 and 60days old. Accelerated reflex maturation was observed in animals treated with cashew nuts (p<0.05). NL presented better memory in the Open-field habituation test; the NL and HL showed improvement of short-term memory in the ORT, but long term damage in HL (p<0.05). The results of the lipid profile of the brain at the end of the experiment showed an increase in levels of saturated fatty acids and less Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in animals of the HL. The data showed that maternal consumption of cashew nuts can accelerate reflex maturation and facilitate memory in offspring when offered in adequate quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Elias Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Morgana Moura Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Nayane Medeiros Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Isaksson C, Andersson MN, Nord A, von Post M, Wang HL. Species-Dependent Effects of the Urban Environment on Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Birds. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Arain SQ, Talpur FN, Channa NA, Ali MS, Afridi HI. Serum lipid profile as a marker of liver impairment in hepatitis B Cirrhosis patients. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:51. [PMID: 28249586 PMCID: PMC5333387 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HBV infection is a major cause of Cirrhosis and an important risk factor to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The study is conducted to find out the changes in the lipid metabolism of HBV-cirrhosis patients. METHODS In the present study, serum lipid profiles of patients with HBV-cirrhosis were assessed by utilizing micro-lab and gas chromatography, while risk factors for transmission of HBV-cirrhosis studied through the standard questionnaire. RESULTS The epidemiological and etiological risk factors strongly associated with HBV-cirrhosis patients compared to controls, included as family history, shave from the barber, blood transfusion (without proper screening), mutual sharing of household contents, positive surgery history, and dental treatment. The HBV-cirrhosis patients have significantly lower level (p < 0.001) of lipid profile including total cholesterol (96.65 mg/dl), TAG (82.85 mg/dl), VLDL-C (16.57 mg/dl), LDL-C (68.27 mg/dl), HDL-C (27 mg/dl) and total lipid (424.76 mg/dl) in comparison to controls, indicating hypolipidemia in patients. The MELD score indicated mild prognostic values of the hepatic function for the study group. The result of total fatty acid composition of HBV-cirrhotic patients with comparison of control subjects reveals that palmitic (24.54 g/100 g) and palmitoleic acid (4.65 g/100 g) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher whereas eicosatrienoic (0.09 g/100 g), arachidonic (3.57 g/100 g), linoleic (22.75 g/100 g) and α-linolenic acid (0.12 g/100 g) were significantly lower. Marker for stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD = ∆9-desaturase) activity i.e. palmitoleic: palmitic (0.2) and oleic: stearic acid (1.5) ratios, originated higher in HBV-cirrhotic patients, while PUFA: SFA (0.6) was lower in HBV-cirrhosis patients as compared with control subjects. The serum SFA and MUFA were increased while PUFA were reduced in both total and free form. CONCLUSION Present study concluded that hypolipidemia observed in HBV-cirrhosis patients, MELD were found to be independent predictors of survival and alteration in fatty acid composition, possibly due to impairment in fatty acid metabolism by enzymatic elongation and desaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Qamar Arain
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.,Institute of Biochemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jumbe T, Comstock SS, Hahn SL, Harris WS, Kinabo J, Fenton JI. Whole Blood Levels of the n-6 Essential Fatty Acid Linoleic Acid Are Inversely Associated with Stunting in 2-to-6 Year Old Tanzanian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154715. [PMID: 27137223 PMCID: PMC4854382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Tanzania, 35% of all children below five years of age are stunted. Dietary fatty acids (FA) are critical for growth and development. However, whole blood FA levels in Tanzanian children are poorly described. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to assess 1) whole blood levels of essential fatty acids and 2) the association between whole blood FA levels and growth parameters in Tanzanian children 2-6 years of age. METHODS A drop of blood was collected on an antioxidant treated card and analyzed for FA composition. Weight and height were measured and z-scores calculated. Relationships between FAs and growth parameters were analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS Of the 334 children that participated, 30.3% were stunted. The average whole blood level of Mead acid was 0.15%. The anthropometric z-score height-for-age (HAZ) was inversely associated with Mead acid, the Mead acid to arachidonic acid (T/T) ratio, and total n-9 FA. Additionally, HAZ was positively associated with linoleic acid and total n-6 FA. BMI-for-age was positively associated with oleic acid, total n-9 FA and T/T ratio but inversely associated with arachidonic acid and total n-6 FA. Weight-for-height was inversely associated with arachidonic acid and total n-6 FAs and positively associated with oleic acid and total n-9 FA. Weight-for-age was not associated with any FA tested. Total n-3 FAs were not associated with any growth parameters measured. CONCLUSIONS The EFA linoleic acid and the markers of FA deficiency were associated with HAZ, an indicator for stunting in 2-6 year old Tanzanian children. Total n-6, total n-9, and a number of individual FAs were associated with growth. Increasing dietary intake of EFA and n-6 FAs may be a strategy to combat stunting in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Jumbe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Hahn
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William S. Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Joyce Kinabo
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Changes in whole-blood PUFA and their predictors during recovery from severe acute malnutrition. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1730-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChildren with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with complications require in-patient management including therapeutic feeding. Little attention has been given to the effects of these feeds on the essential fatty acid status of children with SAM. The objective of this study was to describe changes in the PUFA composition in whole blood in children with SAM during treatment and to determine predictors of change. This prospective study took place in a paediatric nutrition rehabilitation unit in Kampala, Uganda, and assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition of children with SAM at admission, transition, discharge and follow-up (8 and 16 weeks). ANCOVA was used to identify predictors of change in whole-blood PUFA. The study included 120 children with SAM and twenty-nine healthy control children of similar age and sex. Among the SAM children, 38 % were female and 64 % had oedema. Whole-blood n-6 PUFA proportions increased from admission to follow-up, except for arachidonic acid, which decreased by 0·79 (95 % CI 0·46, 1·12) fatty acid percentage (FA%) from admission to transition and 0·10 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·44) FA% at discharge. n-3 Long-chain (LC) PUFA decreased by 0·21 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·40) FA% at discharge and 0·22 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·42) FA% at 8 weeks of follow-up. This decrease was greater in children from families with recent fish intake and those with nasogastric tube feeding. Current therapeutic feeds do not correct whole-blood levels of LCPUFA, particularly n-3 LCPUFA, in children with SAM. Increased attention is needed to the contents of n-3 LCPUFA in therapeutic feeds.
Collapse
|
32
|
Babirekere-Iriso E, Lauritzen L, Mortensen CG, Rytter MJH, Mupere E, Namusoke H, Michaelsen KF, Briend A, Stark KD, Metherel AH, Friis H. Essential fatty acid composition and correlates in children with severe acute malnutrition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 11:e40-e46. [PMID: 28531425 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a common condition in children living in low-income countries and may be associated with reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) blood levels. The purpose of this study was to describe whole blood fatty acid composition and correlates of PUFA in children admitted with SAM. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among children admitted with SAM at Mulago National Referral Hospital and healthy controls. Whole blood fatty acid composition was measured and correlated with clinical data such as oedema, levels of haemoglobin, C-reactive protein and HIV-infection status. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify correlates of PUFA. RESULTS The relative contribution of saturated fatty acid to the fatty acids in whole blood (FA%) were lower in 108 children with SAM compared to 24 well-nourished controls whereas most monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in children with SAM. Total and all n-6 PUFA including linoleic (18:2n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA), as well as total n-3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) were lower in children with SAM. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio was also lower in the children with SAM. Haemoglobin was a positive correlate of AA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, n-3 DPA), DHA, total n-6 long chain (LC) PUFA and total n-3 LCPUFA. HIV infected children had 0.87 (0.47; 1.58) %-points less n-6 LCPUFA and 0.61 (0.03; 1.19) %-points less AA than the un-infected children. CONCLUSION Children with SAM presented with lower FA% of LCPUFA. HIV infection and low haemoglobin were also associated with lower FA% of LCPUFA, which may be related to lower numbers of blood cells. Nutrition rehabilitation interventions need to pay more attention to the intake of PUFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Babirekere-Iriso
- Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Gylling Mortensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Ezekiel Mupere
- Makerere College of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Hanifa Namusoke
- Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| | | | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:143109. [PMID: 26301240 PMCID: PMC4537707 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost forty years ago, it was first hypothesized that an increased dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish fat could exert protective effects against several pathologies. Decades of intense preclinical investigation have supported this hypothesis in a variety of model systems. Several clinical cardiovascular studies demonstrated the beneficial health effects of omega-3 PUFA, leading medical institutions worldwide to publish recommendations for their increased intake. However, particularly in recent years, contradictory results have been obtained in human studies focusing on cardiovascular disease and the clinical evidence in other diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, was never established to a degree that led to clear approval of treatment with omega-3 PUFA. Recent data not in line with the previous findings have sparked a debate on the health efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and the usefulness of increasing their intake for the prevention of a number of pathologies. In this review, we aim to examine the controversies on the possible use of these fatty acids as preventive/curative tools against the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, Law WK, Hu JS, Lin HQ, Ip TM, Wan DCC. Discovery of FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of fatty acid binding protein 4 using molecular docking screening. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3046-50. [PMID: 25360897 DOI: 10.1021/ci500503b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We first identified fluorescein, ketazolam, antrafenine, darifenacin, fosaprepitant, paliperidone, risperidone, pimozide, trovafloxacin, and levofloxacin as inhibitors of fatty acid binding protein 4 using molecular docking screening from FDA-approved drugs. Subsequently, the biochemical characterizations showed that levofloxacin directly inhibited FABP4 activity in both the in vitro ligand displacement assay and cell-based function assay. Furthermore, levofloxacin did not induce adipogenesis in adipocytes, which is the major adverse effect of FABP4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Danta CC, Piplani P. The discovery and development of new potential antioxidant agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1205-22. [PMID: 25056182 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.942218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases have had associations with the oxidative process and free radical damage. Consequently, in past decades, several natural and synthetic antioxidants have been assessed as therapeutic agents but have shown limitations in bioavailability, metabolic susceptibility and permeability to the blood brain barrier. Given these issues, medicinal chemists are hard at work to modify/improve the chemical structures of these antioxidants, thereby improving their efficacy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors critically analyze several biological mechanisms involved in the generation of free radicals. Additionally, they analyze free radicals' role in the generation of oxidative stress and in the progression of many NDs. Further, the authors review a collection of natural and synthetic antioxidants, their role as free radical scavengers along with their mechanisms of action and their potential for preventing neurodegenerative diseases. EXPERT OPINION So far, preclinical studies on several antioxidants have shown promise for treating NDs, despite their limitations. The authors do highlight the lack of the adequate animal models for preclinical assessment and this does hinder further progression into clinical trials. Further studies are necessary to fully investigate the potential of these antioxidants as ND therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Charan Danta
- Panjab University, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chandigarh-160014 , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ara KM, Karami M, Raofie F. Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction of Capparis spinosa seed oil. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Santos de Souza A, da Camara Pacheco L, da Silva Castro P, Hokoç JN, Santos Rocha M, Tavares do Carmo MDG. Brain fatty acid profiles and spatial learning in malnourished rats: effects of nutritional intervention. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:119-27. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x301504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Santos de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana da Camara Pacheco
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Retina Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila da Silva Castro
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Retina Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jan Nora Hokoç
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Retina Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Neuroplasticidade e do Comportamento Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ristić-Medić D, Takić M, Vučić V, Kandić D, Kostić N, Glibetić M. Abnormalities in the serum phospholipids fatty acid profile in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis - a pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:49-54. [PMID: 23874070 PMCID: PMC3705154 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids were analyzed in 20 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (11 with malnutrition and 9 with acceptable nutritional status); 25 healthy age and sex-matched adults were used as controls. Cirrhotic patients showed higher levels of palmitic acid and total saturated fatty acids than healthy subjects. Total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and levels of linoleic, dihomo-gama linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly lower (p<0.001) in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. Significant changes were also found between patients stratified according to nutritional status. In particular, the sum of n-3 PUFA was significantly lower (p<0.001) and ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was higher (p<0.01) in malnourished patients when compared to the patients with acceptable nutritional status. Furthermore, important changes in the levels of saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic and oleic acid and long-chain PUFA were found in well-nourished patients with alcoholic cirrhosis as well. Our present data confirmed evidence that malnutrition is one of the factors that led to lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PUFA supplementation in the latter needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Ristić-Medić
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, PO BOX 102, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
A Spotlight on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities ofNigella glanduliferaFreyn et Sint Seeds. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/820183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, and particularly their seeds, have been a hot research topic in numerous pharmacognosy laboratories.Nigella glanduliferaFreyn et Sint (NG) is one of the promising, but relatively insufficiently studied, plants from this family. In this review, we summarize the recently isolated chemical constituents from the seeds of this plant including alkaloids, flavonol glycosides, isobenzofuranone derivatives, saponins, terpenes, terpenoids, and fatty acids. We put also a spotlight on the recently studied therapeutic potentials of such amazing herb seeds as antidiabetes, melanogenesis inhibition, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antithrombosis, and antiplatelet aggregation effects. Herein, we illustrate certain properties and potentials via selected examples, and thus we suggest more studies to confirm the therapeutic hypotheses, find out new compounds, and eventually to discover novel properties.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chang MI, Puder M, Gura KM. The use of fish oil lipid emulsion in the treatment of intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Nutrients 2012; 4:1828-50. [PMID: 23363993 PMCID: PMC3546610 DOI: 10.3390/nu4121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2004, fish oil based lipid emulsions have been used in the treatment of intestinal failure associated liver disease, with a noticeable impact on decreasing the incidence of morbidity and mortality of this often fatal condition. With this new therapy, however, different approaches have emerged as well as concerns about potential risks with using fish oil as a monotherapy. This review will discuss the experience to date with this lipid emulsion along with the rational for its use, controversies and concerns.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang S, You J, Zhou G, Li C, Suo Y. Analysis of free fatty acids in Notopterygium forbesii Boiss by a novel HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Talanta 2012; 98:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
43
|
Huffman SL, Harika RK, Eilander A, Osendarp SJM. Essential fats: how do they affect growth and development of infants and young children in developing countries? A literature review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2011; 7 Suppl 3:44-65. [PMID: 21929635 PMCID: PMC6860654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to play an essential role in the development of the brain and retina. Intakes in pregnancy and early life affect growth and cognitive performance later in childhood. However, total fat intake, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and DHA intakes are often low among pregnant and lactating women, infants and young children in developing countries. As breast milk is one of the best sources of ALA and DHA, breastfed infants are less likely to be at risk of insufficient intakes than those not breastfed. Enhancing intake of ALA through plant food products (soy beans and oil, canola oil, and foods containing these products such as lipid-based nutrient supplements) has been shown to be feasible. However, because of the low conversion rates of ALA to DHA, it may be more efficient to increase DHA status through increasing fish consumption or DHA fortification, but these approaches may be more costly. In addition, breastfeeding up to 2 years and beyond is recommended to ensure an adequate essential fat intake in early life. Data from developing countries have shown that a higher omega-3 fatty acid intake or supplementation during pregnancy may result in small improvements in birthweight, length and gestational age based on two randomized controlled trials and one cross-sectional study. More rigorous randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this effect. Limited data from developing countries suggest that ALA or DHA supplementation during lactation and in infants may be beneficial for growth and development of young children 6-24 months of age in these settings. These benefits are more pronounced in undernourished children. However, there is no evidence for improvements in growth following omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in children >2 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Huffman
- Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Briend A, Dewey KG, Reinhart GA. Fatty acid status in early life in low-income countries--overview of the situation, policy and research priorities. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2011; 7 Suppl 2:141-8. [PMID: 21366873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fat intake may be low in low-income countries and little information is available on its composition in terms of (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids (FA). As a result, long chain poly-unsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) status is a concern, especially in settings where fish intake is low and/or common sources of fat have a low alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and high linoleic acid (LA) content. High LA levels, as found for instance in sunflower, safflower, corn, peanut and soy oils, may inhibit the conversion of ALA into its LC-PUFA derivatives. Other factors that affect LA and ALA conversion into LC-PUFA, including genetic factors, are little known and should also be investigated in different populations. Different interventions that could feasibly improve LC-PUFA status in low-income countries should be tested and their effects on functional outcomes assessed, preferably starting from pregnancy. Identifying affordable sources of ALA or LC-PUFA that could be made locally available and easily introduced in the diet early in life is also a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Briend
- Department of International Health, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere Kalevantie 4, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Prentice AM, van der Merwe L. Impact of fatty acid status on immune function of children in low-income countries. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2011; 7 Suppl 2:89-98. [PMID: 21366869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and animal studies point to numerous mechanisms by which fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), can modulate the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. These data strongly suggest that improving the fatty acid supply of young children in low-income countries might have immune benefits. Unfortunately, there have been virtually no studies of fatty acid/immune interactions in such settings. Clinical trial registers list over 150 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving PUFAs, only one in a low-income setting (the Gambia). We summarize those results here. There was evidence for improved growth and nutritional status, but the primary end point of chronic environmental enteropathy showed no benefit, possibly because the infants were still substantially breastfed. In high-income settings, there have been RCTs with fatty acids (usually LCPUFAs) in relation to 18 disease end points, for some of which there have been numerous trials (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis). For these diseases, the evidence is judged reasonable for risk reduction for childhood asthma (but not in adults), as yielding possible benefit in Crohn's disease (insufficient evidence in ulcerative colitis) and for convincing evidence for rheumatoid arthritis at sufficient dose levels, though formal meta-analyses are not yet available. This analysis suggests that fatty acid interventions could yield immune benefits in children in poor settings, especially in non-breastfed children and in relation to inflammatory conditions such as persistent enteropathy. Benefits might include improved responses to enteric vaccines, which frequently perform poorly in low-income settings, and these questions merit randomized trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yakes EA, Arsenault JE, Islam MM, Ahmed T, German JB, Drake C, Hossain MB, Lewis BL, Rahman AS, Jamil KM, Brown KH. Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids among breast-feeding and non-breast-feeding 24- to 48-month-old children in Bangladesh. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52:351-9. [PMID: 21336160 PMCID: PMC3079426 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182042bc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake by rural Bangladeshi children 24 to 48 months old in relation to their breast-feeding status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multistage sampling was used to select a representative sample of children 24 to 48 months of age from 2 rural districts in Bangladesh (n = 479). Two nonconsecutive 24-hour periods of dietary data were collected via 12-hour daytime in-home observations and recall. Breast milk intake was estimated using test weighing. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) method for episodically consumed foods was used to estimate distributions of usual food and nutrient intakes. RESULTS Based on the estimated intake distributions, >95% of the children had usual fat intakes <30% of total energy. Among 24- to 35-month-old (younger) and 36- to 48-month-old (older) children, respectively, 4% and 16% of breast-feeding children and 31% and 41% of non-breast-feeding children were estimated to consume <10% of total energy from fat. An estimated 80% of all of the children consumed <4% of total energy as linoleic acid, and 99% consumed <1% of energy as α-linolenic acid. Younger breast-feeding children had higher estimated average docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes (0.04 g DHA/day) than their non-breast-feeding counterparts (0.01 g DHA/day; P = 0.0005). Both breast-feeding and non-breast-feeding older children had estimated mean DHA intakes of 0.02 g/day (P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Rural Bangladeshi children 24 to 48 months old, and especially those who have discontinued breast-feeding, may benefit from increased fat consumption.
Collapse
|
47
|
Palsdottir V, Wickman A, Andersson N, Hezaveh R, Olsson B, Gabrielsson BG, Strandvik B. Postnatal deficiency of essential fatty acids in mice results in resistance to diet-induced obesity and low plasma insulin during adulthood. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 84:85-92. [PMID: 21177089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the long-term metabolic effects of postnatal essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Mouse dams were fed an EFAD diet or an isoenergetic control diet 4 days before delivery and throughout lactation. The pups were weaned to standard diet (STD) and were later subdivided into two groups: receiving high fat diet (HFD) or STD. Body composition, energy expenditure, food intake and leptin levels were analyzed in adult offspring. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured before and during a glucose tolerance test. EFAD offspring fed STD were leaner with lower plasma leptin and insulin concentrations compared to controls. EFAD offspring fed HFD were resistant to diet-induced obesity, had higher energy expenditure and lower levels of plasma leptin and insulin compared to controls. These results indicate that the fatty acid composition during lactation is important for body composition and glucose tolerance in the adult offspring.
Collapse
|
48
|
Enneking D. The nutritive value of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) and allied species, their toxicity to animals and the role of malnutrition in neurolathyrism. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:694-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
de Souza AS, Fernandes FS, do Carmo MDGT. Effects of maternal malnutrition and postnatal nutritional rehabilitation on brain fatty acids, learning, and memory. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:132-44. [PMID: 21348877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition still affects mothers and children in developing countries and thus remains the major focus of nutritional intervention efforts. Neuronal development, which classically includes neurogenesis, migration, maturation, and synapse refinement, begins in utero and continues into the early postnatal period. These processes are not only genetically regulated but also clearly susceptible to environmental manipulation. Dietary deprivation during early life is known to have adverse effects on brain anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry, and may even lead to permanent brain damage. Although all nutrients are important for the structural development of the central nervous system, lipids such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), are important for normal brain development. The purpose of this literature review is to examine how early undernutrition involving a deficiency in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect brain development and function and produce deficits in spatial cognitive learning ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Santos de Souza
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Berti PR, Jones AD, Cruz Y, Larrea S, Borja R, Sherwood S. Assessment and characterization of the diet of an isolated population in the Bolivian Andes. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 22:741-9. [PMID: 20721984 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this research is to characterize the composition and nutrient adequacy of the diets in the northern region of the Department of Potosí, Bolivia. Communities in this semiarid, mountainous region are isolated and impoverished having the highest rates of child malnutrition and under-five mortality in the Americas. METHODS A total of 2,222 twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were conducted in 30 communities during May and November 2006 and May and November 2007. Food composition data were compiled from diverse published sources and integrated with the recall data to estimate intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and seven micronutrients. Diets were characterized in terms of food sources, seasonality, and nutrient adequacy. RESULTS The diet relies heavily on the potato and other tubers (54% of dietary energy) and grains (30% of dietary energy). Although crop production is seasonal, off-season consumption of chuño helps to minimize seasonal fluctuations in dietary energy intake. Despite relative monotony, intakes of iron, vitamin C, most B vitamins, and vitamin A in adults are probably adequate; riboflavin, calcium, and vitamin A intakes in children are low. Nevertheless, extremely low dietary fat intakes (approximately 3-9% of dietary energy from fat) likely prevent adequate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins as well as lead to deficiencies of essential fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Dietary inadequacies, especially of fats, may explain much of the poor health observed in northern Potosí. An improved diet may be possible through increasing production and intake of local fat-rich food sources such as small animals.
Collapse
|