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Liu X, Gilbert RG. Normal and abnormal glycogen structure - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122195. [PMID: 38763710 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen, a complex branched glucose polymer, is found in animals and bacteria, where it serves as an energy storage molecule. It has linear (1 → 4)-α glycosidic bonds between anhydroglucose monomer units, with branch points connected by (1 → 6)-α bonds. Individual glycogen molecules are referred to as β particles. In organs like the liver and heart, these β particles can bind into larger aggregate α particles, which exhibit a rosette-like morphology. The mechanisms and bonding underlying the aggregation process are not fully understood. For example, mammalian liver glycogen has been observed to be molecularly fragile under certain conditions, such as glycogen from diabetic livers fragmenting when exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while glycogen from healthy livers is much less fragile; this indicates some difference, as yet unknown, in the bonding between β particles in healthy and diabetic glycogen. This fragility may have implications for blood sugar regulation, especially in pathological conditions such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovations (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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2
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Wang S, Hu C, Lin H, Jia X, Hu R, Zheng R, Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, Zheng J, Zhao X, Li Y, Chen L, Zeng T, Ye Z, Shi L, Su Q, Chen Y, Yu X, Yan L, Wang T, Zhao Z, Qin G, Wan Q, Chen G, Dai M, Zhang D, Qiu B, Zhu X, Liu R, Wang X, Tang X, Gao Z, Shen F, Gu X, Luo Z, Qin Y, Chen L, Hou X, Huo Y, Li Q, Wang G, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu S, Yang T, Deng H, Zhao J, Mu Y, Xu G, Lai S, Li D, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y, Lu J. Association of circulating long-chain free fatty acids and incident diabetes risk among normoglycemic Chinese adults: a prospective nested case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:336-346. [PMID: 38729573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with risk of incident diabetes. However, a comprehensive assessment of the associations in normoglycemic populations is lacking. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to comprehensively investigate the prospective associations and patterns of FFA profiles with diabetes risk among normoglycemic Chinese adults. METHODS This is a prospective nested case-control study from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study. We quantitatively measured 53 serum FFAs using a targeted metabolomics approach in 1707 incident diabetes subjects and 1707 propensity score-matched normoglycemic controls. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalty regression and quantile g-computation (qg-comp) analyses were implemented to estimate the association between multi-FFA exposures and incident diabetes. RESULTS The majority of odd-chain FFAs exhibited an inverse association with incident diabetes, wherein the ORs per SD increment of all 7 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) 15:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 25:2 were ranging from 0.79 to 0.88 (95% CIs ranging between 0.71 and 0.97). Even-chain FFAs comprised 99.3% of total FFAs and displayed heterogeneity with incident diabetes. SFAs with 18-26 carbon atoms are inversely linked to incident diabetes, with ORs ranging from 0.81 to 0.86 (95% CIs ranging between 0.73 and 0.94). MUFAs 26:1 (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.94), PUFAs 20:4 (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), and 24:2 (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) demonstrated significant associations. In multi-FFA exposure model, 24 FFAs were significantly associated with incident diabetes, most of which were consistent with univariate results. The mixture OR was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.99; P = 0.04159). Differential correlation network analysis revealed pre-existing perturbations in intraclass and interclass FFA coregulation before diabetes onset. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the variations in diabetes risk associated with FFAs across chain length and unsaturation degree, highlighting the importance of recognizing FFA subtypes in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Su
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihan Qiu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengli Wu
- Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huacong Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ichikawa T, Okada H, Hironaka J, Nakajima H, Okamura T, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Joo E, Shide K, Fukui M. Efficacy of long-term low carbohydrate diets for patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 39046308 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Efficacy of long-term low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between long-term LCD and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database for articles published up to June 2023, and included randomized controlled trials conducted on LCD interventions for >12 months in adults with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcome was the difference in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control groups. Additionally, we evaluated the differences in changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and weight between long-term LCD and control groups. RESULTS Six studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. This study did not show significant differences in changes in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control diets (standardized mean difference -0.11, 95% confidence interval -0.33 to 0.11, P = 0.32). As with glycemic control, there were no significant differences in the changes in weight loss, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between long-term LCD and control diets. However, long-term LCD were associated with greater elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.41; P = 0.02) and decrease in triglyceride (standardized mean difference -0.19; 95% confidence interval -0.37 to 0.02; P = 0.03) than that in control diets. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest efficacy of long-term LCD in treating dyslipidemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but do not recommend long-term LCD for glycemic control in the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Hironaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanako Nakajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Majima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Erina Joo
- Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shide
- Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Du S, Sullivan VK, Fang M, Appel LJ, Selvin E, Rebholz CM. Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of diabetes: results from a population-based prospective cohort. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06221-5. [PMID: 39001935 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Understanding the impact of the overall construct of ultra-processed foods on diabetes risk can inform dietary approaches to diabetes prevention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of diabetes in a community-based cohort of middle-aged adults in the USA. We hypothesised that a higher intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes. METHODS The study included 13,172 participants without diabetes at baseline (1987-1989) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Dietary intake was assessed with a 66-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and foods were categorised by processing level using the Nova classification system. Ultra-processed food was analysed categorically (quartiles of energy-adjusted intake) and continuously (per one additional serving/day). We used Cox regression to evaluate the association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of diabetes with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, total energy intake, health behaviours and clinical factors. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 21 years, there were 4539 cases of incident diabetes. Participants in the highest quartile of ultra-processed food intake (8.4 servings/day on average) had a significantly higher risk of diabetes (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.23) compared with participants in the lowest quartile of intake after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors. Each additional serving of ultra-processed food consumed daily was associated with a 2% higher risk of diabetes (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00, 1.04). Highest quartile consumption of certain ultra-processed food groups, including sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats and sugary snacks, was associated with a 29%, 21% and 16% higher risk of diabetes, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We found that a higher intake of ultra-processed food was associated with higher risk of incident diabetes, particularly sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages, ultra-processed meats and sugary snacks. Our findings suggest interventions reducing ultra-processed food consumption and specific food groups may be an effective strategy for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valerie K Sullivan
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Fang
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Grooms AJ, Burris BJ, Badu-Tawiah AK. Mass spectrometry for metabolomics analysis: Applications in neonatal and cancer screening. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:683-712. [PMID: 36524560 PMCID: PMC10272294 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis by analytical instrumentation has played a major role in disease diagnosis, which is a necessary step for disease treatment. While the treatment process often targets specific organs or compounds, the diagnostic step can occur through various means, including physical or chemical examination. Chemically, the genome may be evaluated to give information about potential genetic outcomes, the transcriptome to provide information about expression actively occurring, the proteome to offer insight on functions causing metabolite expression, or the metabolome to provide a picture of both past and ongoing physiological function in the body. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been elevated among other analytical instrumentation because it can be used to evaluate all four biological machineries of the body. In addition, MS provides enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, versatility, and speed for rapid turnaround time, qualities that are important for instance in clinical procedures involving the diagnosis of a pediatric patient in intensive care or a cancer patient undergoing surgery. In this review, we provide a summary of the use of MS to evaluate biomarkers for newborn screening and cancer diagnosis. As many reviews have recently appeared focusing on MS methods and instrumentation for metabolite analysis, we sought to describe the biological basis for many metabolomic and additional omics biomarkers used in newborn screening and how tandem MS methods have recently been applied, in comparison to traditional methods. Similar comparison is done for cancer screening, with emphasis on emerging MS approaches that allow biological fluids, tissues, and breath to be analyzed for the presence of diagnostic metabolites yielding insight for treatment options based on the understanding of prior and current physiological functions of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Grooms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
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Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L, Höijer J, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K. Dietary fatty acids and incident hip fractures in cohorts of women and men. A relative validation and follow-up study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100247. [PMID: 38669838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hip fractures are associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Diet is essential for preventing fragility fractures, but the role of dietary fatty acids on the risk of hip fracture is uncertain. The aim was to investigate how intake of different dietary fatty acids relates to the risk of hip fracture. A relative validation of the long-term intake of dietary fatty acids estimated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) was also performed. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS We used data collected in two population-based cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish men (n = 83,603, 54% men, aged 45-82 years). Data from the repeated investigations in the cohorts and cross-sectional data from their clinical sub-cohorts were used. MEASUREMENTS Diet data was collected in FFQs. Incident hip fractures were gathered by individual linkage to national registers. We performed Cox regression analysis to investigate associations between dietary fatty acids and hip fracture. Follow-up time was between January 1st, 1998 and December 31st, 2020. The validation was performed using correlation analyses, comparing fatty acids measured in adipose tissue with estimated fatty acid intakes from FFQs. RESULTS During up to 23 years of follow-up (mean 18 years) and 1,538,627 person-years at risk, 7345 participants (2840 men) experienced a hip fracture. A low linoleic acid (LA) and high intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with higher hip fracture risk in a non-linear way. In quartile 4 compared to quartile 1 of LA, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of hip fracture was 0.89 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.81, 0.97). The study confirmed the validity of FFQs to capture the intake of the specific dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids. The estimated intake of LA, α-linolenic acid, and myristic acid were also adequately captured by the FFQs. Validity was confirmed in both women and men. CONCLUSION A low to moderate intake of linoleic acid and a higher intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids were associated with a higher risk of hip fractures. The results indicate that attention should be paid to dietary fatty acid composition for the optimal prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Warensjö Lemming
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yasin FA, Eldooma I. Diabetic Foot Care: Assessing the Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients at Aldaraga Centre, Gezira State, Sudan, 2021. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2495-2504. [PMID: 38910911 PMCID: PMC11193440 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s453666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improving diabetic patients' foot care behaviours is crucial in the incidence reduction of diabetic foot ulceration-associated complications. Objective This study assessed the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients towards diabetic foot care and their general understanding of diabetes causes, complications, and treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Aldaraga Clinic Centre, Sudan, with a sample size of 100 diabetic patients. A questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data for this study. The data was analyzed through SPSS Version 16 software. Results The majority of respondents were females (62%), above 40 years old (66%), married, with a low educational level, and moderate-income (76%). The study revealed that most respondents did not attend any educational program about diabetes, indicating poor or no knowledge about diabetes mellitus. However, respondents had good knowledge of most signs and symptoms of diabetes, with the highest percentage (88%) for extreme thirst. Concerning the knowledge of respondents about complications of diabetes, it was generally poor, except for retinal diseases (70%). Participants' knowledge of signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia was found to be poor at 25%. The study showed that most respondents did not know what diabetes gangrene is. Foot infections were the most dominant cause of hospitalization among diabetic patients, often leading to amputations. Conclusion Enhancing foot care behaviours in diabetic patients is crucial to reduce diabetic foot ulceration risks. Patient-friendly educational interventions and regular physician reinforcement are urgently needed, including awareness programs, specialized diabetes centres, and health education through mass media to improve foot care practices and prevent complications like amputations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhreldin Ali Yasin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
| | - Ismaeil Eldooma
- Department of Planning, Research and Information, National Health Insurance Fund, Wad-Medani, Gezira State, Sudan
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Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez M. Plant foods, healthy plant-based diets, and type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:929-948. [PMID: 37550262 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
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Swarnamali H, Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R. Changes in serum lipids following consumption of coconut oil and palm olein oil: A sequential feeding crossover clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103070. [PMID: 38981164 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in South Asia is linked to genetic predisposition and diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Increased CVD prevalence correlates with rising palm oil consumption in some South Asian countries, where coconut oil and palm olein oil are primary SFA sources. OBJECTIVE Compare the effects of coconut oil and palm olein oil on serum lipoprotein lipids and biochemical parameters in healthy adults. METHODS A sequential feeding crossover clinical trial with two feeding periods of 8 weeks each was conducted among 40 healthy adults. Participants were provided palm olein oil in the first feeding period followed by coconut oil with a 16-week washout period in between. The outcomes measured were the difference in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TC/HDL-C ratio, triglycerides (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and liver enzymes. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the study. LDL-C decreased by 13.0 % with palm olein oil (p < 0.001) and increased by 5.6 % with coconut oil (p = 0.044), showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). TC decreased by 9.9 % with palm olein oil (p < 0.001) and increased by 4.0 % with coconut oil (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Palm olein oil consumption resulted in more favorable changes in lipid-related CVD risk factors (TC, LDL-C, TC:HDL-C, and FPG) compared to coconut oil. Clinical Trial Registry number and website where it was obtained: (SLCTR/2019/034); https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2019-034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinthi Swarnamali
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Seckiner S, Bas M, Simsir IY, Ozgur S, Akcay Y, Aslan CG, Kucukerdonmez O, Cetinkalp S. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Concentration and Glycemic Index on Blood Glucose Variability and Free Fatty Acids in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1383. [PMID: 38732629 PMCID: PMC11085728 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring glycemic control status is the cornerstone of diabetes management. This study aimed to reveal whether moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diets increase the risk of free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and it presents the short-term effects of four different diet models on blood sugar, glycemic variability (GV), and FFA levels. This crossover study included 17 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to identify the effects of four diets with different CHO contents and glycemic index (GI) on GV and plasma FFA levels. Diet 1 (D1) contained 40% CHO with a low GI, diet 2 (D2) contained 40% CHO with a high GI, diet 3 (D3) contained 60% CHO with a low GI, and diet 4 (D4) contained 60% CHO with a high GI. Interventions were performed with sensor monitoring in four-day periods and completed in four weeks. No statistical difference was observed among the groups in terms of blood glucose area under the curve (p = 0.78), mean blood glucose levels (p = 0.28), GV (p = 0.59), and time in range (p = 0.567). FFA and total triglyceride levels were higher in the D1 group (p < 0.014 and p = 0.002, respectively). Different diets may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by affecting GI, FFA, and blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Seckiner
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Beykent University, Istanbul 34520, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Murat Bas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Ilgin Yildirim Simsir
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (I.Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Su Ozgur
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Akcay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Cigdem Gozde Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Ozge Kucukerdonmez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Sevki Cetinkalp
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (I.Y.S.); (S.C.)
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Cheng FW, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Shamah-Levy T, Pérez-Tepayo S, Ford NA. Association Between Avocado Consumption and Diabetes in Mexican Adults: Results From the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00192-8. [PMID: 38648888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado contains numerous vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that can contribute to reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, limited studies have examined the association between avocados and diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between avocado consumption and diabetes by sex in Mexican adults. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included a subsample of adults (aged 20 years and older) from the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Avocado consumption was assessed using a 7-day, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and participants were classified as avocado consumers (consuming any amount of avocado) or nonconsumers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were considered to have diabetes if they answered "yes" to "Has a doctor ever told that you have diabetes or high blood sugar?" STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED This analysis assessed the association between avocado intake and diabetes using multivariate logistic models by sex and adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS Of 28 239 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, 2016, and 2018 participants, 25 640 met the criteria (ie, have diabetes outcome and plausible energy and avocado intakes) for this study. More than half of the participants were women, and approximately 45% were avocado consumers, with an average (SE) avocado consumption of 34.7 (0.9) among men and 29.8 (0.8) g/day among women. Avocado consumers had lower odds of diabetes in both unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 0.762, 95% CI 0.639 to 0.907) and adjusted (OR 0.792, 95% CI 0.632 to 0.993) models among women but not men (OR 1.192, 95% CI: 0.907 to 1.566 and OR 0.914, 95% CI 0.675 to 1.239 for unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Avocado consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetes, which remained significant even when adjusted for relevant covariates. However, this finding was observed in only women, not men, underscoring the importance of personalized nutrition in diabetes care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feon W Cheng
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pérez-Tepayo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, Mission Viejo, California
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Morisseau L, Tokito F, Lucas M, Poulain S, Kim SH, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Legallais C, Jellali R, Sakai Y, Abderrahmani A, Leclerc E. Transcriptomic profiling analysis of the effect of palmitic acid on 3D spheroids of β-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene 2024; 917:148441. [PMID: 38608795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is posing a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and health expenditures worldwide. The disease develops when insulin plasma level is insufficient for coping insulin resistance, caused by the decline of pancreatic β-cell function and mass. In β-cells, the lipotoxicity exerted by saturated free fatty acids in particular palmitate (PA), which is chronically elevated in T2D, plays a major role in β-cell dysfunction and mass. However, there is a lack of human relevant in vitro model to identify the underlying mechanism through which palmitate induces β-cell failure. In this frame, we have previously developed a cutting-edge 3D spheroid model of β-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. In the present work, we investigated the signaling pathways modified by palmitate in β-like cells derived spheroids. When compared to the 2D monolayer cultures, the transcriptome analysis (FDR set at 0.1) revealed that the 3D spheroids upregulated the pancreatic markers (such as GCG, IAPP genes), lipids metabolism and transporters (CD36, HMGSC2 genes), glucose transporter (SLC2A6). Then, the 3D spheroids are exposed to PA 0.5 mM for 72 h. The differential analysis demonstrated that 32 transcription factors and 135 target genes were mainly modulated (FDR set at 0.1) including the upregulation of lipid and carbohydrates metabolism (HMGSC2, LDHA, GLUT3), fibrin metabolism (FGG, FGB), apoptosis (CASP7). The pathway analysis using the 135 selected targets extracted the fibrin related biological process and wound healing in 3D PA treated conditions. An overall pathway gene set enrichment analysis, performed on the overall gene set (with pathway significance cutoff at 0.2), highlighted that PA perturbs the citrate cycle, FOXO signaling and Hippo signaling as observed in human islets studies. Additional RT-PCR confirmed induction of inflammatory (IGFBP1, IGFBP3) and cell growth (CCND1, Ki67) pathways by PA. All these changes were associated with unaffected glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), suggesting that they precede the defect of insulin secretion and death induced by PA. Overall, we believe that our data demonstrate the potential of our spheroid 3D islet-like cells to investigate the pancreatic-like response to diabetogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Morisseau
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mathilde Lucas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Meyer NMT, Pohrt A, Wernicke C, Pletsch-Borba L, Apostolopoulou K, Haberbosch L, Machann J, Pfeiffer AFH, Spranger J, Mai K. Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1057. [PMID: 38613089 PMCID: PMC11013849 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 participants (50-80 years) to an intervention or control group (IG, CG). The dietary pattern of the IG includes high intake of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA 15-20% E/10-15% E), predominantly plant protein (15-25% E) and fiber (≥30 g/day). The CG followed usual care with intake of 30% E fat, 55% E carbohydrates and 15% E protein. Here, we analyzed VAT in a subgroup of 300 participants via MRI at baseline and after 12 months, and performed further metabolic phenotyping. A small but comparable BMI reduction was seen in both groups (mean difference IG vs. CG: -0.216 kg/m2 [-0.477; 0.045], partial η2 = 0.009, p = 0.105). VAT significantly decreased in the IG but remained unchanged in the CG (mean difference IG vs. CG: -0.162 L [-0.314; -0.011], partial η2 = 0.015, p = 0.036). Change in VAT was mediated by an increase in PUFA intake (ß = -0.03, p = 0.005) and induced a decline in LDL cholesterol (ß = 0.11, p = 0.038). The NutriAct dietary pattern, particularly due to high PUFA content, effectively reduces VAT and cardiometabolic risk markers, independent of body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie Tosca Meyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wernicke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Laura Pletsch-Borba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantina Apostolopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Linus Haberbosch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- BIH Charité Junior Digital Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 12/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (N.M.T.M.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Zhou Z, Wang H, Tan S, Zhang H, Zhu Y. The alterations of innate immunity and enhanced severity of infections in diabetes mellitus. Immunology 2024; 171:313-323. [PMID: 37849389 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic inflammatory disease with a high incidence worldwide. Patients with DM are at a high risk for all types of infections. Type 1 DM is characterised with immune destruction of pancreatic β cells, while type 2 diabetes is characterised with insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction, both of which result in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. This metabolic disorder causes functional defects of immune cells, aberrant production of inflammatory cytokines, dysregulated immune responses, advanced pathophysiological injury of the body, and increased mortality in populations with DM upon infections. Starting with the change of natural immune system in patients with DM, this paper focused on the enhanced severity of infections in DM and the underlying innate immune alterations in preclinical and clinical studies, aiming to better understand the influence of DM on the susceptibility, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zhou
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Sipin Tan
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
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15
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He Y, Liu C, Zheng Z, Gao R, Lin H, Zhou H. Identification and validation of new fatty acid metabolism-related mechanisms and biomarkers for erectile dysfunction. Sex Med 2024; 12:qfae011. [PMID: 38529412 PMCID: PMC10960936 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting middle-aged and elderly men. Aim The study sought to investigate differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism-related genes and the molecular mechanisms of ED. Methods The expression profiles of GSE2457 and GSE31247 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and merged. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ED and normal samples were obtained using the R package limma. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted using the R package clusterProfiler. Fatty acid metabolism-related DEGs (FAMDEGs) were further identified and analyzed. Machine learning algorithms, including Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), support vector machine, and random forest algorithms, were utilized to identify hub FAMDEGs with the ability to predict ED occurrence. Coexpression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of hub FAMDEGs were performed. Outcome Fatty acid metabolism-related functions (such as fatty acid metabolism and degradation) may play a vital role in ED. Results In total, 5 hub FAMDEGs (Aldh2, Eci2, Acat1, Acadl, and Hadha) were identified and found to be differentially expressed between ED and normal samples. Gene set enrichment analysis identified key pathways associated with these genes. The area under the curve values of the 5 hub FAMDEGs for predicting ED occurrence were all >0.8. Clinical Translation Our results suggest that these 5 key FAMDEGs may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of ED. Strengths and Limitations The strengths of our study include the use of multiple datasets and machine learning algorithms to identify key FAMDEGs. However, limitations include the lack of validation in animal models and human tissues, as well as research on the mechanisms of these FAMDEGs. Conclusion Five hub FAMDEGs were identified as potential biomarkers for ED progression. Our work may prove that fatty acid metabolism-related genes are worth further investigation in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng He
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Changyi Liu
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhongjie Zheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Urology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiliang Zhou
- Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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16
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Fan Y, Li Z, Shi J, Liu S, Li L, Ding L, Zhao J, Pan Y, Lei H, He T, Li W, Li X, Mi Y, Ma L. The association between prepregnancy dietary fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:484-493. [PMID: 38194788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiologic studies have examined the association between dietary fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in general populations. Evidence regarding their associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate prepregnancy fatty acids intake in relation to GDM risk. METHODS 3,725 pregnant women from the Xi'an Birth Cohort Study who were free of previous GDM or pre-existing chronic diseases were included. Dietary intake of total fat and individual fatty acids (including saturated fatty acids [SFA], monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], and trans fatty acids) during the year preceding pregnancy was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire before 16 weeks of gestation. GDM was confirmed based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Log-binomial or modified Poisson regression models were applied to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CIs) of GDM for fatty acids intake. Generalized linear regression was adopted for blood glucose levels with fatty acids intake. RESULTS 644 (17.3 %) incident GDM cases were confirmed in our study. Participants in the highest intake of total fat substituting for carbohydrates had a 33 % reduced risk of GDM than those in the lowest intake (RR:0.67; 95%CI:0.55,0.81). For individual fatty acids, only PUFA intake was associated with a lower risk of GDM, with RR comparing extreme tertiles of 0.61 (95%CI:0.49,0.76). Each 2 % increase in energy from total fat and PUFA replacing carbohydrates decreased the risk of GDM by 6 % (95%CI:3 %,9 %) and 15 % (95%CI:9 %,21 %), respectively. Similar inverse associations with intake of total fat and PUFA were observed for blood glucose levels. Further analyses of SFA substitution showed that replacement of 2 % energy from SFA with PUFA and MUFA was associated with 26 % (RR:0.74; 95%CI:0.62,0.88) and 30 % (RR:0.70; 95%CI:0.50, 0.98) decreased risk of GDM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Greater intake of total fat and PUFA before pregnancy was associated with lower risk of GDM when replacing carbohydrates. Substitution SFA with PUFA and MUFA was also inversely associated with GDM risk. These findings support the important role of optimal dietary fatty acids composition in the prevention of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhaofang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sijiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lintian Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Ding
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunjin Pan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haoyuan Lei
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tongqiang He
- Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Cetin E, Pedersen B, Porter LM, Adler GK, Burak MF. Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using pure palmitoleic acid to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipogenesis in overweight and obese subjects with prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306528. [PMID: 38313838 PMCID: PMC10835623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA), a nonessential, monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (C16:1n7), is a lipid hormone secreted from adipose tissue and has beneficial effects on distant organs, such as the liver and muscle. Interestingly, POA decreases lipogenesis in toxic storage sites such as the liver and muscle, and paradoxically increases lipogenesis in safe storage sites, such as adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher POA levels in humans are correlated with better insulin sensitivity, an improved lipid profile, and a lower incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathologies, such as myocardial infarction. In preclinical animal models, POA improves glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and steatosis of the muscle and liver, while improving insulin sensitivity and secretion. This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial tests the hypothesis that POA increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic lipogenesis in overweight and obese adult subjects with pre-diabetes. Important to note, that this is the first study ever to use pure (>90%) POA with < 0.3% palmitic acid (PA), which masks the beneficial effects of POA. The possible positive findings may offer a therapeutic and/or preventative pathway against diabetes and related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecesu Cetin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Porter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sabri Ulker Center, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Celık ZM, Sargin M, Tamer HG, Gunes FE. The effect of lyophilized dried cornelian cherry ( Cornus mas L.) intake on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in women with insulin resistance: A randomized controlled trial. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:8060-8071. [PMID: 38107130 PMCID: PMC10724626 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for women with insulin resistance when lyophilized dried cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L., CM) was added to medical nutrition therapy (MNT). The study was conducted with 84 women aged 18-45, who had been diagnosed with insulin resistance. Participants were randomized into four groups: MNT + 20 g lyophilized dried CM group (DCm, n = 22), MNT group (D, n = 21), only 20 g lyophilized dried CM group (Cm, n = 21), and the control group (C, n = 20). All participants were followed for 12 weeks. While pre- and post-intervention biochemical parameters were recorded from patient files, anthropometric measurements and food consumption records were taken every 15 days. Pre-intervention groups were homogeneously distributed. Post-intervention, among the groups, all anthropometric measurements were similar between the DCm and D, while the percentage of decrease in insulin resistance-related parameters was approximately two times greater in DCm than in D (p < .05). When the Cm and C were compared, it was found that all post-intervention anthropometric measurements were similar, but the percentage of decrease in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance) values were greater in C (p < .05). In this study, it was concluded that CM consumption resulted with a decrease in insulin resistance-related biochemical parameters independent of body weight change. Nevertheless, MNT has positive effects on women with insulin resistance, and adding lyophilized dried CM to MNT improves insulin resistance-related parameters and may be beneficial for preventing the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Margot Celık
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsMarmara University Faculty of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Mehmet Sargin
- Faculty of Medicine, Family MedicineIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Havva Gonca Tamer
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal MedicineIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fatma Esra Gunes
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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20
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Mohamadi M, Dousdampanis P, Ahmadi Z, Pourmasumi S, Naderi M, Zainodini N, Nazari A. Nut consumption and urogenital and genital, gastrointestinal and women-related cancers: Assessment and review. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:277-287. [PMID: 37915385 PMCID: PMC10617366 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cancer, especially in industrial countries, is a major problem for health and treatment systems. Cancer can affect the quality of life of all family members and has many negative effects on the community. Despite many advances in cancer treatment, this disease is still a major worldwide problem. There is strong evidence that dietary habits are effective in protecting against cancer and even helping in the disease treatment progress. Nuts with various biologically-active compounds, such as vitamins, phytosterols, isoflavones, flavonoids, and polyphenols have been reported to possess anticarcinogenic properties. Accordingly, this review provides an insight into the association between nut consumption and the prevention of some cancers. We considered the cancers related to the urogenital and genital tract, gastrointestinal tract, as well as women-related cancers. Both cell culture examinations and experimental animal studies alongside observational epidemiological studies demonstrated that regular consumption of a nut-enriched diet is able to reduce the risk of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohamadi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICOWorld safety organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | | | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Pistachio Safety Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Soheila Pourmasumi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali‐Ibn Abi‐Talib HospitalRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Monavare Naderi
- Vice Chancellor for Research and TechnologyRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical SciencesRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
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21
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Bakhtiyari A, Bakhtiyari S, Peymani M, Haghani K, Norozi S. Association of fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4) T87C and rs8192688 gene polymorphisms and FABP-4 level with cardiovascular disease susceptibility in type 2 diabetic patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:427-440. [PMID: 37814502 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2265943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is known to cause dyslipidemia and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fatty acid binding protein (FABP)-4 plays a significant role in various stages of T2DM and CVD. Although it has been demonstrated that genetic variations of the FABP-4 gene can affect insulin sensitivity, the results obtained so far are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between T87C and rs8192688 polymorphisms and serum levels of FABP-4 with CVD susceptibility in T2DM patients. The study included 70 healthy controls, 70 individuals with T2DM, and 70 T2DM patients with CVD. Genomic DNA was extracted, and FABP-4 T87C and rs8192688 gene polymorphic sites were amplified using the ARMS-PCR method. Lipid profile and FABP-4 serum levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients with CVD compared to those with only T2DM (p < 0.05). Additionally, FABP-4 T87C gene polymorphism (TC genotypes) and dominant model (TT vs. TC + CC) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of both T2DM and T2DM with CVD patients (p < 0.05). Patients carrying TC + CC genotypes had significantly lower levels of triglyceride and FABP-4 compared to those carrying the TT genotype (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between FABP-4 rs8192688 polymorphism and either T2DM or CVD disease. It appears that FABP-4 T87C polymorphism decreases FABP-4 levels leading to decreased serum TG levels. Since both T2DM and CVD have inflammatory backgrounds, reducing inflammation can improve insulin sensitivity and lower TG levels in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bakhtiyari
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Karimeh Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Siros Norozi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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22
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Wang Y, Liu B, Han H, Hu Y, Zhu L, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Sun Q. Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:46. [PMID: 37789346 PMCID: PMC10548756 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based dietary patterns are gaining more attention due to their potential in reducing the risk of developing major chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and mortality, while an up-to-date comprehensive quantitative review is lacking. This study aimed to summarize the existing prospective observational evidence on associations between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and chronic disease outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence across prospective observational studies. The data sources used were PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and screening of references. We included all prospective observational studies that evaluated the association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of T2D, CVD, cancer, and mortality among adults (≥ 18 years). RESULTS A total of 76 publications were identified, including 2,230,443 participants with 60,718 cases of incident T2D, 157,335 CVD cases, 57,759 cancer cases, and 174,435 deaths. An inverse association was observed between higher adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern and risks of T2D (RR, 0.82 [95% CI: 0.77-0.86]), CVD (0.90 [0.85-0.94]), cancer (0.91 [0.87-0.96]), and all-cause mortality (0.84 [0.78-0.92]) with moderate to high heterogeneity across studies (I2 ranged: 47.8-95.4%). The inverse associations with T2D, CVD and cancer were strengthened when healthy plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, were emphasized in the definition of plant-based dietary patterns (T2D: 0.79 [0.72-0.87]; CVD: 0.85 [0.80-0.92]; cancer: 0.86 [0.80-0.92]; I2 ranged: 53.1-84.1%). Association for mortality was largely similar when the analyses were restricted to healthy plant-based diets (0.86 [0.80-0.92], I2 = 91.9%). In contrast, unhealthy plant-based diets were positively associated with these disease outcomes. Among four studies that examined changes in dietary patterns, increased adherence to plant-based dietary patterns was associated with a significantly reduced risk of T2D (0.83 [0.71-0.96]; I2 = 71.5%) and a marginally lower risk of mortality (0.95 [0.91-1.00]; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to plant-based dietary patterns, especially those emphasizing healthy plant-based foods, is beneficial for lowering the risks of major chronic conditions, including T2D, CVD, cancer, as well as premature deaths. REGISTRATION OF REVIEW PROTOCOL This review was registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) with the registration number CRD42022290202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Wood AC, Goodarzi MO, Senn MK, Gadgil MD, Graca G, Allison MA, Tzoulaki I, Mi MY, Greenland P, Ebbels T, Elliott P, Tracy RP, Herrington DM, Rotter JI. Associations between Metabolomic Biomarkers of Avocado Intake and Glycemia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Nutr 2023; 153:2797-2807. [PMID: 37562669 PMCID: PMC10925911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes. OBJECTIVES To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia. METHODS Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an ∼18 y follow-up period. A metabolome-wide association study of avocado consumption status (consumer compared with nonconsumer) was conducted, and the relationship of these features with glycemia via cross-sectional associations with fasting insulin and glucose and longitudinal associations with incident T2D was examined. RESULTS Three highly-correlated spectral features were associated with avocado intake at metabolome-wide significance levels (P < 5.3 ∗ 10-7) and combined into a single biomarker. We did not find evidence that these features were additionally associated with overall dietary quality, nor with any of 47 other food groups (all P > 0.001), supporting their suitability as a biomarker of avocado intake. Avocado intake showed a modest association only with lower fasting insulin (β = -0.07 +/- 0.03, P = 0.03), an association that was attenuated to nonsignificance when additionally controlling for body mass index (kg/m2). However, our biomarker of avocado intake was strongly associated with lower fasting glucose (β = -0.22 +/- 0.02, P < 2.0 ∗ 10-16), lower fasting insulin (β = -0.17 +/- 0.02, P < 2.0 ∗ 10-16), and a lower incidence of T2D (hazard ratio: 0.68; 0.63-074, P < 2.0 ∗ 10-16), even when adjusting for BMI. CONCLUSIONS Highly significant associations between glycemia and avocado-related metabolomic features, which serve as biomarkers of the physiological impact of dietary intake after digestion and absorption, compared to modest relationships between glycemia and avocado consumption, highlights the importance of considering individual differences in metabolism when considering diet-health relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biomolecular Medicine, Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mackenzie K Senn
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meghana D Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Goncalo Graca
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Y Mi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Greenland
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy Ebbels
- Biomolecular Medicine, Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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Givens DI. Dairy foods and cardiometabolic diseases: an update and a reassessment of the impact of SFA. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:329-345. [PMID: 36740241 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD are major causes of mortality and chronic morbidity. Whilst mortality from CVD has decreased they remain the largest cause of death in Europe and the prevalence of T2D is increasing rapidly. A consistent component of public health advice is to reduce intake of SFA to reduce CVD in particular, which implies limiting dairy food consumption. The prospective studies and randomised controlled trials included in this review show that for dairy foods at least, SFA are not consistently associated with CVD or T2D risk. For CVD the association with dairy foods is generally neutral despite dairy foods being the major source of SFA in many diets. This creates considerable doubt, at least for dairy foods, concerning the validity of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis which positively relates SFA intake to increased serum LDL-cholesterol and subsequent increased CVD. There is now emerging evidence to explain this which is highly relevant to dairy foods. These include the potentially counterbalancing effect of SFA-stimulated HDL-cholesterol and specific food matrix factors. In addition, SFA are associated with the less atherogenic large buoyant LDL particles and possible counterbalancing hypotensive effects of dairy proteins. Overall, dairy foods have either a neutral or beneficial association with CVD and T2D. Beneficial associations are seen for blood pressure and the reduced T2D risk linked to yoghurt consumption, a subject that needs urgent attention given the sharp rise in T2D prevalence in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
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Ge G, Ren J, Song G, Li Q, Cui Z. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Overfeeding-Induced Diabetes in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11994. [PMID: 37569372 PMCID: PMC10418320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has gradually become a serious disease that threatens human health. It can induce various complications, and the pathogenesis of diabetes is quite complex and not yet fully elucidated. The zebrafish has been widely acknowledged as a useful model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of diabetes. However, the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding remains unknown. In this study, a zebrafish diabetes model was established by overfeeding, and the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding was explored. Compared with the control group, the body length, body weight, and condition factor index of zebrafish increased significantly after four weeks of overfeeding. There was a significant elevation in the fasting blood glucose level, accompanied by a large number of lipid droplets accumulated within the liver. The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in both the serum and liver exhibited a statistically significant increase. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate changes in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The number of up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 1582 and 2404, respectively, in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The DEGs were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, and the hub signaling pathways and hub DEGs were identified. The results demonstrate that sixteen genes within the signal pathway associated with fatty acid metabolism were found to be significantly up-regulated. Specifically, these genes were found to mainly participate in fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Furthermore, thirteen genes that play a crucial role in glucose metabolism, particularly in the pathways of glycolysis and glycogenesis, were significantly down-regulated in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These results indicate insulin resistance and inhibition of glucose entry into liver cells in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These findings elucidate the underlying molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding and provide a model for further investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Khan M, Shah MA, Kamal M, Ola MS, Ali M, Panichayupakaranant P. Comparative Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Lawsone Methyl Ether and Lawsone in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:863. [PMID: 37512570 PMCID: PMC10386053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study uncovered potent inhibitory effects of two naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina, namely lawsone methyl ether (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, LME) and lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), against α-glucosidase. This gave us the insight to compare the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of LME and lawsone in high-fat/high-fructose-diet- and nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 28 days. LME and lawsone at the doses of 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg, respectively, produced a substantial and dose-dependent reduction in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and food/water intake while boosting the insulin levels and body weights of diabetic rats. Additionally, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats were significantly normalized by LME and lawsone, without affecting the normal rats. LME at a dose of 45 mg/kg exhibited the most potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, which were significantly comparable to glibenclamide but higher than those of lawsone. Furthermore, the toxicity evaluation indicated that both naphthoquinones were entirely safe for use in rodent models at doses ≤ 50 mg/kg. Therefore, the remarkable antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of LME make it a promising option for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Senior Scientist Toxicology Invivotek Nexus, a Genesis Biotech Group LLC Company, 17 Black Forest RD, Hamilton, NJ 08690, USA
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
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Lyytinen AT, Yesmean M, Manninen S, Lankinen M, Bhalke M, Fredrikson L, Käkelä RT, Öörni K, Schwab US. Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1453-1460. [PMID: 37156666 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipophilic index (LI) has been introduced to assess the overall fatty acid lipophilicity and as a simple estimate of membrane fluidity. However, little is known on effect of diet on LI. We tested if Camelina sativa oil (CSO) high in ALA, fatty fish (FF) or lean fish (LF) affect LI as compared to control diet and, secondarily, if the LI is associated with HDL lipids and functionality and LDL lipidome. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from two randomized clinical trials. The AlfaFish intervention lasted 12 weeks and 79 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to FF, LF, CSO or control group. In the Fish trial, 33 subjects with myocardial infarction or unstable ischemic heart attack were randomized to FF, LF or control group for 8 weeks. LI was calculated from erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in AlfaFish and from serum phospholipids in Fish trial. HDL lipids were measured using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There was a significant decrease in LI in the FF group in the AlfaFish (fold change 0.98 ± 0.03) and in the Fish trial (0.95 ± 0.04) and the decrease differed from that of control group in both trials and from CSO group in the AlfaFish study. There were no significant changes in LI in LF or CSO groups. The mean diameter of HDL particles and concentration of large HDL particles were inversely associated with LI. CONCLUSION FF consumption decreased LI indicating better membrane fluidity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja T Lyytinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Monira Yesmean
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Manninen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Monika Bhalke
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Fredrikson
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo T Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula S Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Wood AC, Senn MK, Rotter JI. Associations between Avocado Intake and Lower Rates of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in US Adults with Hispanic/Latino Ancestry. JOURNAL OF DIABETES MELLITUS 2023; 13:116-129. [PMID: 37693693 PMCID: PMC10489295 DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2023.132010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background/Purpose Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N=6,159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N=983) or non-consumers (N=5,176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N=656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors ("minimally adjusted" models), the second for these and health behaviors ("fully adjusted" models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI; "fully adjusted + BMI" models). Results In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (+/- 95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P=.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54-0.97), P=.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48-0.97), P=.03; fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48-0.98), P=.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45-1.65), P=.65; fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41-1.55), P=.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI ("fully adjusted + BMI model"), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59-1.06), P=.60; normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42-1.64), P=.60; prediabetes: HR= 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P=0.09). Conclusions In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic / Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030. USA
| | - Mackenzie K. Senn
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX 77030. USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502. USA
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Diogo P, Martins G, Simão M, Marreiros A, Eufrásio AC, Cabrita E, Gavaia PJ. Type I Diabetes in Zebrafish Reduces Sperm Quality and Increases Insulin and Glucose Transporter Transcripts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087035. [PMID: 37108202 PMCID: PMC10138585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is a prominent human pathology with increasing incidence in the population; however, its cause is still unknown. This disease promotes detrimental effects on reproduction, such as lower sperm motility and DNA integrity. Hence, the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic disturbance in reproduction and its transgenerational consequences is of the utmost importance. The zebrafish is a useful model for this research considering its high homology with human genes as well as its fast generation and regeneration abilities. Therefore, we aimed to investigate sperm quality and genes relevant to diabetes in the spermatozoa of Tg(ins:nfsb-mCherry) zebrafish, a model for type I diabetes. Diabetic Tg(ins:nfsb-mCherry) males showed significantly higher expression of transcripts for insulin a (insa) and glucose transporter (slc2a2) compared to controls. Sperm obtained from the same treatment group showed significantly lower sperm motility, plasma membrane viability, and DNA integrity compared to that from the control group. Upon sperm cryopreservation, sperm freezability was reduced, which could be a consequence of poor initial sperm quality. Altogether, the data showed similar detrimental effects related to type I diabetes in zebrafish spermatozoa at the cellular and molecular levels. Therefore, our study validates the zebrafish model for type I diabetes research in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Diogo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Necton-Companhia Portuguesa de Culturas Marinhas S.A, Belamandil s/n, 8700-152 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Márcio Simão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Eufrásio
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Jorge Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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Gulati S, Misra A, Tiwari R, Sharma M, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Chandra Sati H. Premeal almond load decreases postprandial glycaemia, adiposity and reversed prediabetes to normoglycemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:12-22. [PMID: 36963852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Indians show rapid conversion from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Novel dietary strategies are needed to arrest this progression, by targeting postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG). DESIGN We conducted a free-living randomized controlled open-label parallel arm study to evaluate the effect of a premeal load of almonds (20 g) 30 min before major meals on anthropometric, glycaemic, and metabolic parameters over 3 months. Sixty-six participants with prediabetes in the age range of 18-60 yrs were recruited. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT04769726). RESULTS Thirty participants in each arm completed the study. As per 'intention-to-treat' analysis, overall additional mean reductions were statistically significant for body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, and improved handgrip strength (Kg) (p < 0·001 for all) in the treatment arm vs. the control arm (after multiple adjustments). In the blood parameters, the additional mean reduction in the treatment arm vs. control arm was statistically significant for fasting and post-75 g oral glucose-load blood glucose, postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, proinsulin, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0·001 for all). Most importantly, we observed a reversal to normoglycemic state (fasting blood glucose and 2 h post-OGTT glucose levels) in 23.3% (7 out of 30) of participants in the treatment arm which is comparable to that seen with Acarbose treatment (25%). CONCLUSION Incorporation of 20 g of almonds, 30 min before each major meal leads to significant improvement in body weight, WC, glycemia (particularly PPHG), and insulin resistance and shows potential for reversal of prediabetes to normal glucose regulation over 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gulati
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Center of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajneesh Tiwari
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
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Dietary intervention with 2 different fat profiles; role of the rs822393 variant in metabolic parameter changes. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:49-58. [PMID: 36602131 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: rs822393 is related to dietary intervention responses. The aim of our study was to analyze the metabolic effects of 2 hypocaloric diets with a different fat profile during 3 months according to the genetic variant rs822393. Methods: a population of 361 obese patients were randomly allocated to one of two diets; Diet P (enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids) vs. Diet M (enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids). Adiposity and biochemical parameters were determined. rs822393 was assessed by real-time PCR, with a dominant model analysis (CC vs CT+TT). Results: genotype distribution was: 221 CC (61.2 %), 115 CT (31.9 %) and 25 TT (6.9 %). Basal and post-intervention HDL cholesterol, adiponectin levels and adiponectin/leptin ratio were lower in T-allele than non-T-allele carriers. After both diets, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, leptin, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol improved significantly in both genotype groups. After Diet P, HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl vs. 2.7 ± 0.9 mg/dl; p = 0.01), serum adiponectin (20.1 ± 2.9 ng/dl vs. 6.8 ± 3.0 ng/dl; p = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.57 ± 0.1 units vs. 0.20 ± 0.08 units; p = 0.03) improved in non-T allele carriers. The same improvements were observed after Diet M: HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 mg/dl; p = 0.03), serum adiponectin (19.5 ± 2.9 ng/dl vs. 4.5 ± 2.8 ng/dl; p = 0.01), and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.54 ± 0.1 units vs. 0.15 ± 0.08 units; p = 0.03). These parameters remained unchanged in T-allele carriers. Conclusion: after two different hypocaloric diets, obese subjects with the T allele of rs822393 did not improve their adiponectin levels, ratio adiponectin/leptin, and HDL-cholesterol, despite loss of weight.
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes: Lessons from Animal Models and Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040922. [PMID: 36839280 PMCID: PMC9963658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetes mellitus patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Diet and nutrition are strongly believed to play a significant role in the development of diabetes mellitus. However, the specific dietary factors and detailed mechanisms of its development have not been clearly elucidated. Increasing evidence indicates the intestinal microbiota is becoming abundantly apparent in the progression and prevention of insulin resistance in diabetes. Differences in gut microbiota composition, particularly butyrate-producing bacteria, have been observed in preclinical animal models as well as human patients compared to healthy controls. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may disrupt intestinal barrier functions and alter host metabolic pathways, directly or indirectly relating to insulin resistance. In this article, we focus on dietary fat, diabetes, and gut microbiome characterization. The promising probiotic and prebiotic approaches to diabetes, by favorably modifying the composition of the gut microbial community, warrant further investigation through well-designed human clinical studies.
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Aedh AI, Alshahrani MS, Huneif MA, Pryme IF, Oruch R. A Glimpse into Milestones of Insulin Resistance and an Updated Review of Its Management. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040921. [PMID: 36839279 PMCID: PMC9960458 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the main metabolic regulator of fuel molecules in the diet, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It does so by facilitating glucose influx from the circulation into the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal myocytes. The outcome of which is subjected to glycogenesis in skeletal muscle and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, as well as in the liver. Therefore, insulin has an anabolic action while, on the contrary, hypoinsulinemia promotes the reverse process. Protein breakdown in myocytes is also encountered during the late stages of diabetes mellitus. The balance of the blood glucose level in physiological conditions is maintained by virtue of the interactive functions of insulin and glucagon. In insulin resistance (IR), the balance is disturbed because glucose transporters (GLUTs) of cell membranes fail to respond to this peptide hormone, meaning that glucose molecules cannot be internalized into the cells, the consequence of which is hyperglycemia. To develop the full state of diabetes mellitus, IR should be associated with the impairment of insulin release from beta-cells of the pancreas. Periodic screening of individuals of high risk, such as those with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and pregnant nulliparous women in antenatal control, is vital, as these are important checkpoints to detect cases of insulin resistance. This is pivotal as IR can be reversed, provided it is detected in its early stages, through healthy dietary habits, regular exercise, and the use of hypoglycemic agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, preventive methods, and management of IR in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. Aedh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Huneif
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian F. Pryme
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562144606
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Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL, Atzeni A, Misra A, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040878. [PMID: 36839236 PMCID: PMC9965730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110048, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi 110016, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Toledo MB, Dariagan JMS, Zamora JAT. Development of Phil-HEI and its evaluation of the Filipino diet: 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Njike VY, Kela GCM, Treu JA, Ayettey RG, Kussaga FM, Khan N, Comerford B, Agboola O. Egg Consumption in the Context of Plant-Based Diets and Diet Quality in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Single Blind Cross-over Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:130-139. [PMID: 35512755 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.2006824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle changes that emphasis on plant-based diets (PBD) are typically recommended for those at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to mitigate their cardo-metabolic risk. We examined the impact of the inclusion of eggs compared with their exclusion from PBD on diet quality among adults at risk for T2DM. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 35 adults (mean age 60.7 years; 25 women, 10 men; 34 Caucasians, 1 African-American) at risk for T2DM (i.e., pre- diabetes or metabolic syndrome) assigned to one of two possible sequence permutations of two treatments (PBD with eggs and exclusively PBD), with a 4-week washout period. Participants received dietary counseling from a dietitian to exclude or to include 2 eggs daily in the context of PBD for a 6-week period. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) at baseline and 6 weeks. Compared with the exclusion of eggs, the inclusion of eggs in the context of PBD improved the diet quality score for intake of total protein foods (1.0 ± 1.1 vs. -0.4 ± 1.0; p <.0001); seafood and plant proteins (0.2 ± 1.2 vs. -0.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.0338); and fatty acids (0.8 ± 2.5 vs. -0.7 ± 2.7; p = 0.0260). Overall diet quality score depreciated with the adoption of exclusively PBD without eggs (-3.1 ± 8.3; p = 0.0411), while it was unaffected with the adoption of a PBD with the inclusion of eggs (-0.6 ± 7.9; p = 0.6892). Eggs could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the diet quality among those at risk for T2DM who adopt plant-based dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | | | - Judith A Treu
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Rockiy G Ayettey
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | | | - Nisar Khan
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Beth Comerford
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Olayinka Agboola
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT, USA
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Beigrezaei S, Jambarsang S, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mirzaei M, Mehrparvar AH, Salehi-Abargouei A. The association between dietary patterns derived by three statistical methods and type 2 diabetes risk: YaHS-TAMYZ and Shahedieh cohort studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:410. [PMID: 36624118 PMCID: PMC9829735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings were inconsistent regarding the superiority of using recently introduced hybrid methods to derive DPs compared to widely used statistical methods like principal component analysis (PCA) in assessing dietary patterns and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between DPs extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS), and reduced-rank regressions (RRR) in identifying DPs associated with T2DM risk. The study was conducted in the context of two cohort studies accomplished in central Iran. Dietary intake data were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DPs were derived by using PCA, PLS, and RRR methods considering. The association between DPs with the risk of T2DM was assessed using log-binomial logistic regression test. A total of 8667 participants aged 20-70 years were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted models, RRR-DP3 characterized by high intake of fruits, tomatoes, vegetable oils, and refined grains and low intake of processed meats, organ meats, margarine, and hydrogenated fats was significantly associated with a reduced T2DM risk (Q5 vs Q1: RR 0.540, 95% CI 0.33-0.87, P-trend = 0.020). No significant highest-lowest or trend association was observed between DPs derived using PCA or PLS and T2DM. The findings indicate that RRR method was more promising in identifying DPs that are related to T2DM risk compared to PCA and PLS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beigrezaei
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Nakatani Y, Shimokawa N, Urano Y, Noguchi N, Takagi M. Suppression of Amyloid-β Adsorption on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mimicking Membranes by α-Tocopherol and α-Tocotrienol. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11955-11960. [PMID: 36534445 PMCID: PMC9806826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of hydrophobic vitamin E (VE), α-tocopherol (Toc) and α-tocotrienol (Toc3), have been proposed to be effective against Alzheimer's disease (AD), the etiology of which is thought to involve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, previous studies reported conflicting effects of Toc and Toc3 on the risk of AD. We prepared liposomes mimicking the phase separation of the ER membrane (solid-ordered/liquid-disordered phase separation) and studied how VE can influence the interaction between amyloid-β (Aβ) and the ER membrane. We found that Toc could inhibit the formation of the solid-ordered phase more significantly than Toc3. Furthermore, Aβ protofibril adsorption on ER stress-mimicking membranes was more strongly suppressed by Toc compared with Toc3. Therefore, we concluded that VE can relieve ER stress by destabilizing the solid-ordered phase of the ER membrane and subsequently reducing the amount of Aβ adsorbed on the membrane. Moreover, Toc exerted a stronger effect than Toc3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatani
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shimokawa
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Urano
- Department
of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department
of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
- (M.T.)
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BMI variability and incident diabetes mellitus, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Sci Rep 2022; 12:18370. [PMID: 36319811 PMCID: PMC9626493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiologic studies debated the association of body mass index (BMI) trends with cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the association of BMI variability and slope with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sex-stratified 15.8-year follow-up in the population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Of 10,911 individuals aged 20-60 years, 4981 subjects were included and followed for 15.8-years. The slope coefficient of BMI in the linear regression model represented individuals' BMI trends up to the incidence of DM. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the BMI linear trend was selected to reflect BMI variability through six follow-ups. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association of the baseline BMI, BMI slope and RMSE with the incidence of T2DM among men and women. Multivariable-adjusted HRs of T2DM for each SD increment in BMI slope was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.94-1.48, p = 0.161) in normal weight men and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.44, p = 0.001) in overweight and obese men. However, in women, each SD increment in BMI slope increased the risk of T2DM with a HR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.01-1.40, p = 0.039) in normal weight, and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.19, p < 0.001) in women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. In men with a baseline BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, BMI-RMSE was associated with a decreased risk of T2DM (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93, p = 0.015). Baseline BMI was not associated with the risk of diabetes in men and women. Positive BMI slope is associated with the development of diabetes in both sexes. The association of BMI variability with incident T2DM differs according to sex and baseline BMI. BMI variability is associated with a lower risk of T2DM in overweight and obese men. BMI variability in women and baseline BMI in both gender are not related to the risk of T2DM.
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Parys JB, Van Coppenolle F. Sec61 complex/translocon: The role of an atypical ER Ca 2+-leak channel in health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991149. [PMID: 36277220 PMCID: PMC9582130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric Sec61 protein complex forms the functional core of the so-called translocon that forms an aqueous channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The primary role of the Sec61 complex is to allow protein import in the ER during translation. Surprisingly, a completely different function in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has emerged for the Sec61 complex, and the latter is now accepted as one of the major Ca2+-leak pathways of the ER. In this review, we first discuss the structure of the Sec61 complex and focus on the pharmacology and regulation of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel. Subsequently, we will pay particular attention to pathologies that are linked to Sec61 mutations, such as plasma cell deficiency and congenital neutropenia. Finally, we will explore the relevance of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel in various pathophysiological (ER stress, apoptosis, ischemia-reperfusion) and pathological (type 2 diabetes, cancer) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Department of Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Hosseininasab D, Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Firoozi R, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Are there any interactions between modified Nordic-style diet score and MC4R polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women? A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:221. [PMID: 36050672 PMCID: PMC9434967 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. Recent studies have reported that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be related to the incidence of obesity and the risk of CVD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactions between the modified Nordic-style diet score (MND) and MC4R gene variant on markers of CVD. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 282 Iranian women, aged 18-48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. MND score was assessed using a 147 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping of the MC4R (rs17782313) was conducted by the PCR method. The anthropometric measurements and serum profiles were assessed by standard protocols. RESULTS The means and standard deviation (SD) of age, weight, and BMI of individuals were 36.67 ± 9.10 years, 81.29 ± 12.43 kg, and 31.26 ± 4.29 kg/m2, respectively. The overall prevalence of rs17782313 genotypes was 30.1%, 24.8%, and 45.1% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively. Our results showed significant negative interactions between high MND score and rs17782313 SNP in terms of visceral fat level (VFL) (β: -10.84, 95% CI: -20.64 to -1.04, P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (β: -24.24, 95% CI: -49.87 to 1.38, P = 0.06) in the crude model. After adjusting confounders, the interaction between high MND scores and VFL remained significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that diet, gene variants, and their interaction should be considered in metabolic disease risk assessment. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better elucidate the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Firoozi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Araújo SP, da Silva A, Bressan J, Juvanhol LL, Castro LCV, Hermsdorff HHM. Fat Intake and High Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Individuals at Cardiometabolic Risk: An Isocaloric Substitution Analyses. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022; 42:452-458. [PMID: 35939090 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2064001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a potential IR biomarker. Evidence also suggests that fat intake may modulate IR status, but this relationship remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between the TyG index and isocaloric replacement of macronutrients, including the profile of dietary fatty acids in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. This cross-sectional study enrolled 264 individuals at cardiometabolic risk (age 43.1 ± 16.3 years) who participated in a nutritional intervention study (ReBEC, id: RBR-5n4y2g). The baseline demographic, anthropometric, clinical, dietary, and lifestyle data were used. The TyG index was calculated using the formula ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate nutrient density models were used to analyze isocaloric replacement of fatty acids (as 5% of energy). The chance of having a high TyG index (TyG index >8.83, median value) was decreased by 60% after replacing 5% of the energy intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and trans fatty acid (TFA) with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or PUFA and SFA with protein. Isocaloric replacement of PUFA, SFA, and TFA with MUFA and protein was associated with lower chances of having a high TyG index. These results indicate the importance of macronutrient and dietary fat profiles in the dietary planning of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilane Pereira Araújo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Dietary Carbohydrate as Glycemic Load, Not Fat, Coupled with Genetic Permissiveness Favoring Rapid Growth and Extra Calories, Dictate Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Induction in Nile Rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153064. [PMID: 35893924 PMCID: PMC9331090 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Whether dietary carbohydrate (CHO) or fat is more involved in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) induction uncomplicated by dietary fiber was addressed in a spontaneous diabetic model, the diurnal Nile rat that mimics the human condition. Methods: A total of 138 male Nile rats were fed plant-based and animal-based saturated fat where 10% energy as CHO and fat were exchanged across 5 diets keeping protein constant, from 70:10:20 to 20:60:20 as CHO:fat:protein %energy. Diabetes induction was analyzed by: 1. diet composition, i.e., CHO:fat ratio, to study the impact of diet; 2. quintiles of average caloric intake per day to study the impact of calories; 3. quintiles of diabetes severity to study the epigenetic impact on diabetes resistance. Results: High glycemic load (GLoad) was most problematic if coupled with high caloric consumption. Diabetes severity highlighted rapid growth and caloric intake as likely epigenetic factors distorting glucose metabolism. The largest weanling rats ate more, grew faster, and developed more diabetes when the dietary GLoad exceeded their gene-based metabolic capacity for glucose disposal. Diabetes risk increased for susceptible rats when energy intake exceeded 26 kcal/day and the GLoad was >175/2000 kcal of diet and when the diet provided >57% energy as CHO. Most resistant rats ate <25 kcal/day independent of the CHO:fat diet ratio or the GLoad adjusted to body size. Conclusion: Beyond the CHO:fat ratio and GLoad, neither the type of fat nor the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio had a significant impact, suggesting genetic permissiveness affecting caloric and glucose intake and glucose disposition were key to modulating Nile rat diabetes. Fat became protective by limiting GLoad when it contributed >40% energy and displaced CHO to <50% energy, thereby decreasing the number of diabetic rats and diabetes severity.
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Mushtaq A, Naila S, Nadia M, Rahmat AK. Phytochemical analysis and inhibitory effects of Calligonum polygonoides on pancreatic α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzymes. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:426-431. [PMID: 35610012 PMCID: PMC9924723 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the existence of phyto-chemicals and then to determine the antidiabetic activity against α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition . METHODS The study was carried out by following standard procedures. RESULTS Phytochemicals analysis indicated the presence of different phytochemicals. The total phenolic content was 6.055 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content was 5.706 mg RU/g in the plant extract. The total saponins, alkaloids, and tannins contents were (0.044%), (2.88%) and (2.862 nm) respectively. α-amylase inhibition activity of Calligonum polygonoides (CP) extract was 70% with IC50 of 610 μg/mL and that of β-gluco-sidase inhibition activity was 65% with IC50 of 640 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The findings reported for the first time the antidiabetes-promoting effects of an extract of CP, thus validating their promising anti-diabetes potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mushtaq
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Bannu 28100, KPK-Pakistan
- Prof. Mushtaq Ahmed, Chairman Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, 28100 ,Telephone: +9292-8633425
| | - Sher Naila
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Bannu 28100, KPK-Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Nadia
- 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Bannu 28100, KPK-Pakistan
| | - Ali Khan Rahmat
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology, Bannu 28100, KPK-Pakistan
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Vazquez Rocha L, Macdonald I, Alssema M, Færch K. The Use and Effectiveness of Selected Alternative Markers for Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Compared with Gold Standard Markers in Dietary Intervention Studies in Individuals without Diabetes: Results of a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102036. [PMID: 35631177 PMCID: PMC9143618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold-standard techniques for measuring insulin sensitivity and secretion are well established. However, they may be perceived as invasive and expensive for use in dietary intervention studies. Thus, surrogate markers have been proposed as alternative markers for insulin sensitivity and secretion. This systematic review aimed to identify markers of insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to dietary intervention and assess their suitability as surrogates for the gold-standard methodology. Methods: Three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched, intervention studies and randomised controlled trials reporting data on dietary intake, a gold standard of analysis of insulin sensitivity (either euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp or intravenous glucose tolerance test and secretion (acute insulin response to glucose), as well as surrogate markers for insulin sensitivity (either fasting insulin, area under the curve oral glucose tolerance tests and HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (disposition index), were selected. Results: We identified thirty-five studies that were eligible for inclusion. We found insufficient evidence to predict insulin sensitivity and secretion with surrogate markers when compared to gold standards in nutritional intervention studies. Conclusions: Future research is needed to investigate if surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion can be repeatable and reproducible in the same way as gold standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vazquez Rocha
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian Macdonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Alssema
- Unilever Research and Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kakkoura MG, Du H, Guo Y, Yu C, Yang L, Pei P, Chen Y, Sansome S, Chan WC, Yang X, Fan L, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Key TJ, Chen Z. Dairy consumption and risks of total and site-specific cancers in Chinese adults: an 11-year prospective study of 0.5 million people. BMC Med 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 35513801 PMCID: PMC9074208 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of primarily Western populations have reported contrasting associations of dairy consumption with certain cancers, including a positive association with prostate cancer and inverse associations with colorectal and premenopausal breast cancers. However, there are limited data from China where cancer rates and levels of dairy consumption differ importantly from those in Western populations. METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited ~0.5 million adults from ten diverse (five urban, five rural) areas across China during 2004-2008. Consumption frequency of major food groups, including dairy products, was collected at baseline and subsequent resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based food frequency questionnaire. To quantify the linear association of dairy intake and cancer risk and to account for regression dilution bias, the mean usual consumption amount for each baseline group was estimated via combining the consumption level at both baseline and the second resurvey. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (SD 2.0) years, 29,277 incident cancer cases were recorded among the 510,146 participants who were free of cancer at baseline. Cox regression analyses for incident cancers associated with usual dairy intake were stratified by age-at-risk, sex and region and adjusted for cancer family history, education, income, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, soy and fresh fruit intake, and body mass index. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% of participants reported consuming dairy products (mainly milk) regularly (i.e. ≥1 day/week), with the estimated mean consumption of 80.8 g/day among regular consumers and of 37.9 g/day among all participants. There were significant positive associations of dairy consumption with risks of total and certain site-specific cancers, with adjusted HRs per 50 g/day usual consumption being 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.10), 1.12 (1.02-1.22), 1.19 (1.01-1.41) and 1.17 (1.07-1.29) for total cancer, liver cancer (n = 3191), female breast cancer (n = 2582) and lymphoma (n=915), respectively. However, the association with lymphoma was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. No significant associations were observed for colorectal cancer (n = 3350, 1.08 [1.00-1.17]) or other site-specific cancers. CONCLUSION Among Chinese adults who had relatively lower dairy consumption than Western populations, higher dairy intake was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, female breast cancer and, possibly, lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kakkoura
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Sansome
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wing Ching Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Fan
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit (CEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Xu W, Song Z, Wang W, Li X, Yan P, Shi T, Fu C, Liu X. Effects of in ovo feeding of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid on hepatic lipid metabolism and subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition in newly hatched broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101797. [PMID: 35358926 PMCID: PMC8968647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in ovo feeding of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and decrease lipid accumulation in newly hatched chicks. Three hundred and sixty fertilely specific pathogen-free hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups. On embryonic day 11 of incubation (E11), 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg t10,c12-CLA were injected into the eggs. The results indicated that in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA significantly decreased the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass and the relative SAT weight of newly hatched chicks in linear and quadratic manners (P < 0.05). In liver, the levels of triglycerides were reduced linearly and quadratically and total cholesterol were reduced quadratically as the dose of t10,c12-CLA increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT1a) content and polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion were increased quadratically in t10,c12-CLA groups (P < 0.05), accompanied by the decrease of malondialdehyde level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity activities (P < 0.05). In addition, in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA decreased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 in linear and quadratic manners (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA expression of adipose triacylglyceride lipase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase significantly in liver (P < 0.05), accompanied by upregulating the mRNA expression of CPT1a quadratically and AMP-activated protein kinase α linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). In SAT, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c were decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05), and the expression of PPARα and CPT1a genes were increased linearly and quadratically as the dose of t10,c12-CLA increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA alleviates lipid accumulation in newly hatched chicks by suppressing fatty acid synthesis and stimulating lipolysis in the liver and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Dobrzyn P. CoA in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084371. [PMID: 35457189 PMCID: PMC9026968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) and its thioester derivatives are crucial components of numerous biosynthetic and degradative pathways of the cellular metabolism (including fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, the Krebs cycle, ketogenesis, cholesterol and acetylcholine biosynthesis, amino acid degradation, and neurotransmitter biosynthesis), post-translational modifications of proteins, and the regulation of gene expression [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Adams O O, Oyesola O, Tony E, Blessing O, Kukoyi BI. Effects of combined Garcinia kola and Kigelia africana on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in type 2 diabetic rats. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e080422203277. [PMID: 35400345 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220408100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports of individual extracts of Garcina kola and Kigelia africana beneficial effects against several factors related with development of diabetes mellitus abound. However, there is still lack of information about the combined effects of these extracts on Insulin and Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS Forty-two young male rats (180-200g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=7/group). Diabetes was intraperitoneally induced with 110 mg/kg of nicotinamide constituted in distilled water andfifteen minutes after with 65mg/kg of streptozocin freshly prepared in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH of 4.5) and treated for six weeks as follows: the control rats received either 0.9% normal saline (NS) or 250mg/kg extract by gavage. The remaining animals were diabetic induced and subsequently treated with either NS, graded doses of the extract (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) or 5mg/kg Glibenclamide + 100mg/kg Metformin. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the combined extracts was also analyzed to identify the bioactive compounds present. Insulin, PON-1 levels, lipid profiles and atherogenic index were assessed. RESULTS Our findings show that Insulin and PON-1 levels in the plasma of diabetic rats treated with the combined extracts were significantly increased when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the GCMS of the extract show the presence of both monosaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) fatty acids. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that the extract may help improve glucose homeostasis, prevent atherosclerosis through established mechanism of the identified bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoaghe Adams O
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oyesola O
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezike Tony
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omizu Blessing
- Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Boone I Kukoyi
- Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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