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Oubohssaine M, Hnini M, Rabeh K. Exploring lipid signaling in plant physiology: From cellular membranes to environmental adaptation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 300:154295. [PMID: 38885581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipids have evolved as versatile signaling molecules that regulate a variety of physiological processes in plants. Convincing evidence highlights their critical role as mediators in a wide range of plant processes required for survival, growth, development, and responses to environmental conditions such as water availability, temperature changes, salt, pests, and diseases. Understanding lipid signaling as a critical process has helped us expand our understanding of plant biology by explaining how plants sense and respond to environmental cues. Lipid signaling pathways constitute a complex network of lipids, enzymes, and receptors that coordinate important cellular responses and stressing plant biology's changing and adaptable traits. Plant lipid signaling involves a wide range of lipid classes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, oxylipins, and sterols, each of which contributes differently to cellular communication and control. These lipids function not only as structural components, but also as bioactive molecules that transfer signals. The mechanisms entail the production of lipid mediators and their detection by particular receptors, which frequently trigger downstream cascades that affect gene expression, cellular functions, and overall plant growth. This review looks into lipid signaling in plant physiology, giving an in-depth look and emphasizing its critical function as a master regulator of vital activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Oubohssaine
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Hnini
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Karim Rabeh
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
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Li M, Lin H, Wang C, Chen Y, Lin M, Hung YC, Lin Y, Fan Z, Wang H, Chen Y. Acidic electrolyzed-oxidizing water treatment mitigated the disease progression in Phomopsis longanae Chi-infected longans by modulating ROS and membrane lipid metabolism. Food Chem 2024; 449:139175. [PMID: 38593723 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Postharvest harmful pathogenic infestation leads to rapid decay in longan fruit. Compared with P. longanae-infected longans, AEOW alleviated fruit disease severity and diminished the O2-. production rate and MDA content. It also increased APX, CAT, and SOD activities, delayed the decrease in the levels of GSH and AsA, as well as the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability, which resulted in a decline in membrane lipid peroxidation in P. longanae-infected longans. Additionally, AEOW reduced LOX, lipase, PI-PLC, PC-PLC, and PLD activities, maintained higher levels of PC, PI, IUFA, USFAs, and U/S, while reducing levels of PA, DAG, SFAs, and CMP. These effects alleviated membrane lipid degradation and peroxidation in P. longanae-infected longans. Consequently, AEOW effectively maintained membrane integrity via improving antioxidant capacity and suppressing membrane lipid peroxidation. This comprehensive coordination of ROS and membrane lipid metabolisms improved fruit resistance and delayed disease development in longans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yazhen Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Yifen Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Yan Y, Yang H, Du Y, Li X, Li X. Effects and molecular mechanisms of polyethylene microplastic oxidation on wheat grain quality. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134816. [PMID: 38850928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) are the main MPs in agricultural soils and undergo oxidation upon environmental exposure. However, the influence of MP oxidation on phytotoxicity (especially for crop fruit) is still limited. This study aimed to explore the effect of PE MP oxidation on crop toxicity. Herein, a combination of plant phenotyping, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches was used to evaluate the effects of low-oxidation PE (LOPE) and high-oxidation PE (HOPE) on wheat growth, grain quality, and related molecular mechanisms using pot experiments. The results showed that HOPE induced a stronger inhibition of wheat growth and reduction in protein content and mineral elements than LOPE. This was accompanied by root ultrastructural damage and downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, translation, nutrient reservoir activity, and metal ion binding gene expression. Compared with HOPE, LOPE activated a stronger plant defense response by reducing the starch content by 22.87 %, increasing soluble sugar content by 44.93 %, and upregulating antioxidant enzyme genes and crucial metabolic pathways (e.g., starch and sucrose, linoleic acid, and phenylalanine metabolism). The presence of PE MPs in the environment exacerbates crop growth inhibition and fruit quality deterioration, highlighting the need to consider the environmental and food safety implications of MPs in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Lin MZ, Bi YH, Li SQ, Xie JH, Zhou ZG. The enzyme encoded by Myrmecia incisa, a green microalga, phospholipase A 2 gene preferentially hydrolyzes arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108806. [PMID: 38861822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a crucial role in acyl remodeling of phospholipids via the Lands' cycle, and consequently alters fatty acid compositions in triacylglycerol (TAG). In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence coding Myrmecia incisa phospholipase A2 (MiPLA2) was cloned using the technique of rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Comparison of the 1082-bp cDNA with its corresponding cloned DNA sequence revealed that MiPLA2 contained 3 introns. Mature MiPLA2 (mMiPLA2) had a conserved Ca2+-binding loop and a catalytic site motif that has been recognized in plant secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) proteins. Correspondingly, phylogenetic analysis illustrated that MiPLA2 was clustered within GroupXIA of plant sPLA2 proteins. To ascertain the function of MiPLA2, the cDNA coding for mMiPLA2 was subcloned into the vector pET-32a to facilitate the production of recombinant mMiPLA2 in Escherichia coli. Recombinant mMiPLA2 was purified and used for the in vitro enzyme reaction. Thin-layer chromatography profiles of the catalytic products generated by recombinant mMiPLA2 indicated a specificity for cleaving sn-2 acyl chains from phospholipids, thereby functionally characterizing MiPLA2. Although recombinant mMiPLA2 displayed a strong preference for phosphatidylethanolamine, it preferentially hydrolyzes arachidonic acid (ArA) at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. Results from the fused expression of p1300-sp-EGFP-mMiPLA2 illustrated that MiPLA2 was localized in the intercellular space of onion epidermis. Furthermore, the positive correlation between MiPLA2 transcription and free ArA levels were established. Consequently, the role of mMiPLA2 in the biosynthesis of ArA-rich TAG was elucidated. This study helps to understand how M. incisa preferentially uses ArA to synthesize TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yan-Hui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jin-Hai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences Conferred by Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Yang B, Tan Z, Yan J, Zhang K, Ouyang Z, Fan R, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yao X, Zhao H, Wang X, Lu S, Guo L. Phospholipase-mediated phosphate recycling during plant leaf senescence. Genome Biol 2024; 25:199. [PMID: 39075580 PMCID: PMC11285201 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is a macronutrient necessary for plant growth and development and its availability and efficient use affect crop yields. Leaves are the largest tissue that uses phosphorus in plants, and membrane phospholipids are the main source of cellular phosphorus usage. RESULTS Here we identify a key process for plant cellular phosphorus recycling mediated by membrane phospholipid hydrolysis during leaf senescence. Our results indicate that over 90% of lipid phosphorus, accounting for more than one-third of total cellular phosphorus, is recycled from senescent leaves before falling off the plants. Nonspecific phospholipase C4 (NPC4) and phospholipase Dζ2 (PLDζ2) are highly induced during leaf senescence, and knockouts of PLDζ2 and NPC4 decrease the loss of membrane phospholipids and delay leaf senescence. Conversely, overexpression of PLDζ2 and NPC4 accelerates the loss of phospholipids and leaf senescence, promoting phosphorus remobilization from senescent leaves to young tissues and plant growth. We also show that this phosphorus recycling process in senescent leaves mediated by membrane phospholipid hydrolysis is conserved in plants. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLDζ2- and NPC4-mediated membrane phospholipid hydrolysis promotes phosphorus remobilization from senescent leaves to growing tissues and that the phospholipid hydrolysis-mediated phosphorus recycling improves phosphorus use efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yefei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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Sun K, Meesapyodsuk D, Qiu X. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a plastidial ω3 desaturase from Emiliania huxleyi. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381097. [PMID: 39056009 PMCID: PMC11269151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Emiliania huxleyi is a marine microalga playing a significant ecological and biogeochemical role in oceans. It can produce several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6-4,7,10,13,16,19) and octadecapentaenoic acid (OPA, 18:5-3,6,9,12,15), providing a primary source for nutritionally important ω3 PUFAs in the marine food chain. However, the biosynthesis of these PUFAs in this organism is not well understood. In this study, a full length plastidial ω3 desaturase cDNA (EhN3) was cloned from this alga. Heterologous expression of EhN3 with and without the chloroplast targeting peptide (cTP) in cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus showed that it possessed high desaturation activity toward C18-ω6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2-9,12), γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3-6,9,12), and C20-ω6 PUFAs, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3-8,11,14) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4-5,8,11,14) that were exogenously supplied. Desaturation efficiency could reach almost 100% in a time course. On the other hand, when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EhN3 with and without cTP did not exhibit any activity. Lipid analysis of Synechococcus transformants expressing EhN3 showed that it utilized galactolipids as substrates. Transcriptional expression analysis revealed that the expression of the gene increased while the growth temperature decreased, which was correlated with the increased production of ω3-PUFAs, particularly OPA. This is the first report of a plastidial ω3 desaturase from microalgae that can effectively introduce an ω3 double bond into both C18-ω6 and C20-ω6 PUFAs. EhN3 might also be one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of OPA in E. huxleyi through the plastidial aerobic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Sun
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Li X, Bruckmann A, Dresselhaus T, Begcy K. Heat stress at the bicellular stage inhibits sperm cell development and transport into pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2111-2128. [PMID: 38366643 PMCID: PMC11213256 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
For successful double fertilization in flowering plants (angiosperms), pollen tubes deliver 2 nonmotile sperm cells toward female gametes (egg and central cell, respectively). Heatwaves, especially during the reproduction period, threaten male gametophyte (pollen) development, resulting in severe yield losses. Using maize (Zea mays) as a crop and grass model system, we found strong seed set reduction when moderate heat stress was applied for 2 d during the uni- and bicellular stages of pollen development. We show that heat stress accelerates pollen development and impairs pollen germination capabilities when applied at the unicellular stage. Heat stress at the bicellular stage impairs sperm cell development and transport into pollen tubes. To understand the course of the latter defects, we used marker lines and analyzed the transcriptomes of isolated sperm cells. Heat stress affected the expression of genes associated with transcription, RNA processing and translation, DNA replication, and the cell cycle. This included the genes encoding centromeric histone 3 (CENH3) and α-tubulin. Most genes that were misregulated encode proteins involved in the transition from metaphase to anaphase during pollen mitosis II. Heat stress also activated spindle assembly check point and meta- to anaphase transition genes in sperm cells. In summary, misregulation of the identified genes during heat stress at the bicellular stage results in sperm cell development and transport defects ultimately leading to sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Department for Biochemistry I, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Department of Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Begcy
- Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
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Lukasiewicz M, Zwara A, Kowalski J, Mika A, Hellmann A. The Role of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in the Development of Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7129. [PMID: 39000236 PMCID: PMC11241618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is a neoplasm with an increasing incidence worldwide. Its etiology is complex and based on a multi-layered interplay of factors. Among these, disorders of lipid metabolism have emerged as an important area of investigation. Cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed to promote their rapid growth, proliferation, and survival. This reprogramming is associated with significant changes at the level of lipids, mainly fatty acids (FA), as they play a critical role in maintaining cell structure, facilitating signaling pathways, and providing energy. These lipid-related changes help cancer cells meet the increased demands of continued growth and division while adapting to the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we examine lipid metabolism at different stages, including synthesis, transport, and oxidation, in the context of TC and the effects of obesity and hormones on TC development. Recent scientific efforts have revealed disturbances in lipid homeostasis that are specific to thyroid cancer, opening up potential avenues for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions. Understanding the intricate metabolic pathways involved in FA metabolism may provide insights into potential interventions to prevent cancer progression and mitigate its effects on surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Lukasiewicz
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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van Hooren M, van Wijk R, Vaseva II, Van Der Straeten D, Haring M, Munnik T. Ectopic Expression of Distinct PLC Genes Identifies 'Compactness' as a Possible Architectural Shoot Strategy to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:885-903. [PMID: 37846160 PMCID: PMC11209554 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) has been implicated in several stress responses, including drought. Overexpression (OE) of PLC has been shown to improve drought tolerance in various plant species. Arabidopsis contains nine PLC genes, which are subdivided into four clades. Earlier, OE of PLC3, PLC5 or PLC7 was found to increase Arabidopsis' drought tolerance. Here, we confirm this for three other PLCs: PLC2, the only constitutively expressed AtPLC; PLC4, reported to have reduced salt tolerance and PLC9, of which the encoded enzyme was presumed to be catalytically inactive. To compare each PLC and to discover any other potential phenotype, two independent OE lines of six AtPLC genes, representing all four clades, were simultaneously monitored with the GROWSCREEN-FLUORO phenotyping platform, under both control- and mild-drought conditions. To investigate which tissues were most relevant to achieving drought survival, we additionally expressed AtPLC5 using 13 different cell- or tissue-specific promoters. While no significant differences in plant size, biomass or photosynthesis were found between PLC lines and wild-type (WT) plants, all PLC-OE lines, as well as those tissue-specific lines that promoted drought survival, exhibited a stronger decrease in 'convex hull perimeter' (= increase in 'compactness') under water deprivation compared to WT. Increased compactness has not been associated with drought or decreased water loss before although a hyponastic decrease in compactness in response to increased temperatures has been associated with water loss. We propose that the increased compactness could lead to decreased water loss and potentially provide a new breeding trait to select for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Hooren
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Irina I Vaseva
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Michel Haring
- Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
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10
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Sapara VJ, Shankhapal AR, Reddy PS. Genome-wide screening and characterization of phospholipase A (PLA)-like genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). PLANTA 2024; 260:35. [PMID: 38922509 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The characterisation of PLA genes in the sorghum genome using in-silico methods revealed their essential roles in cellular processes, providing a foundation for further detailed studies. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most cultivated crop worldwide, and it is used in many ways, but it has always gained less popularity due to the yield, pest, and environmental constraints. Improving genetic background and developing better varieties is crucial for better sorghum production in semi-arid tropical regions. This study focuses on the phospholipase A (PLA) family within sorghum, comprehensively characterising PLA genes and their expression across different tissues. The investigation identified 32 PLA genes in the sorghum genome, offering insights into their chromosomal localization, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and subcellular distribution through bioinformatics tools. PLA-like family genes are classified into three groups, namely patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA), phospholipase A1 (PLA1), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In-silico chromosome localization studies revealed that these genes are unevenly distributed in the sorghum genome. Cis-motif analysis revealed the presence of several developmental, tissue and hormone-specific elements in the promoter regions of the PLA genes. Expression studies in different tissues such as leaf, root, seedling, mature seed, immature seed, anther, and pollen showed differential expression patterns. Taken together, genome-wide analysis studies of PLA genes provide a better understanding and critical role of this gene family considering the metabolic processes involved in plant growth, defence and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi J Sapara
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aishwarya R Shankhapal
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Plant Sciences for the Bio-Economy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- Cell Molecular Biology and Trait Engineering, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India.
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11
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Liu C, Huang R, Zhao X, Xu R, Zhang J, Li X, Liu G, Dong R, Liu P. Comparative analysis of lipid and flavonoid biosynthesis between Pongamia and soybean seeds: genomic, transcriptional, and metabolic perspectives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38915078 PMCID: PMC11197198 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max) is a vital oil-producing crop. Augmenting oleic acid (OA) levels in soybean oil enhances its oxidative stability and health benefits, representing a key objective in soybean breeding. Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), known for its abundant oil, OA, and flavonoid in the seeds, holds promise as a biofuel and medicinal plant. A comparative analysis of the lipid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in Pongamia and soybean seeds would facilitate the assessment of the potential value of Pongamia seeds and advance the genetic improvements of seed traits in both species. RESULTS The study employed multi-omics analysis to systematically compare differences in metabolite accumulation and associated biosynthetic genes between Pongamia seeds and soybean seeds at the transcriptional, metabolic, and genomic levels. The results revealed that OA is the predominant free fatty acid in Pongamia seeds, being 8.3 times more abundant than in soybean seeds. Lipidomics unveiled a notably higher accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in Pongamia seeds compared to soybean seeds, with 23 TAG species containing OA. Subsequently, we identified orthologous groups (OGs) involved in lipid biosynthesis across 25 gene families in the genomes of Pongamia and soybean, and compared the expression levels of these OGs in the seeds of the two species. Among the OGs with expression levels in Pongamia seeds more than twice as high as in soybean seeds, we identified one fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase A (FATA) and two stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs), responsible for OA biosynthesis, along with two phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and three acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs), responsible for TAG biosynthesis. Furthermore, we observed a significantly higher content of the flavonoid formononetin in Pongamia seeds compared to soybean seeds, by over 2000-fold. This difference may be attributed to the tandem duplication expansions of 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone 4'-O-methyltransferases (HI4'OMTs) in the Pongamia genome, which are responsible for the final step of formononetin biosynthesis, combined with their high expression levels in Pongamia seeds. CONCLUSIONS This study extends beyond observations made in single-species research by offering novel insights into the molecular basis of differences in lipid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways between Pongamia and soybean, from a cross-species comparative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xingkun Zhao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Ranran Xu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Xinyong Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Rongshu Dong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Pandao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Kim SC, Nusinow DA, Wang X. Identification of phospholipase Ds and phospholipid species involved in circadian clock alterations using CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex editing of Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574824. [PMID: 38260301 PMCID: PMC10802401 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism is emerging, but its mechanisms remain elusive. We reported that a lipid metabolite phosphatidic acid (PA) bound to the core clock transcription factors LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and chemical suppression of phospholipase D (PLD)-catalyzed PA formation perturbed the clock in Arabidopsis. Here, we identified, among 12 members, specific PLDs critical to regulating clock function. We approached this using a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate a library of plants bearing randomly mutated PLDs, then screening the mutants for altered rhythmic expression of CCA1 . All PLD s, except for β2 , were effectively edited, and the mutations were heritable. Screening of T2 plants identified some with an altered rhythm of CCA1 expression, and this trait was observed in many of their progenies. Genotyping revealed that at least two of six PLD s ( α1, α3 , γ1 , δ , ε and ζ2 ) were mutated in the clock-altered plants. Those plants also had reduced levels of PA molecular species that bound LHY and CCA1. This study identifies combinations of two or more PLDs and changes in particular phospholipid species involved in clock outputs and also suggests a functional redundancy of the six PLDs for regulating the plant circadian clock. One sentence summary This study identifies combinations of two or more phospholipase Ds involved in altering clock outputs and the specific phosphatidic acid species impacting the clock rhythms.
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Zou Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Cao K, Song C, Zhang Z, Cai K, Geng D, Chen S, Wu Y, Zhang N, Sun G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Regulation of lipid metabolism by E3 ubiquitin ligases in lipid-associated metabolic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130961. [PMID: 38508558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have progressively elucidated the involvement of E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases in regulating lipid metabolism. Ubiquitination, facilitated by E3 Ub ligases, modifies critical enzymes in lipid metabolism, enabling them to respond to specific signals. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive analysis of the role of E3 Ub ligases in lipid metabolism, which includes lipid synthesis and lipolysis, and their influence on cellular lipid homeostasis through the modulation of lipid uptake and efflux. Furthermore, it explores how the ubiquitination process governs the degradation or activation of pivotal enzymes, thereby regulating lipid metabolism at the transcriptional level. Perturbations in lipid metabolism have been implicated in various diseases, including hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the association between E3 Ub ligases and lipid metabolism in lipid-related diseases, highlighting enzymes critically involved in lipid synthesis and catabolism, transcriptional regulators, lipid uptake translocators, and transporters. Overall, this review aims to identify gaps in current knowledge, highlight areas requiring further research, offer potential targeted therapeutic approaches, and provide a comprehensive outlook on clinical conditions associated with lipid metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Jalloh AA, Khamis FM, Yusuf AA, Subramanian S, Mutyambai DM. Long-term push-pull cropping system shifts soil and maize-root microbiome diversity paving way to resilient farming system. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38500045 PMCID: PMC10946131 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soil biota consists of a complex assembly of microbial communities and other organisms that vary significantly across farming systems, impacting soil health and plant productivity. Despite its importance, there has been limited exploration of how different cropping systems influence soil and plant root microbiomes. In this study, we investigated soil physicochemical properties, along with soil and maize-root microbiomes, in an agroecological cereal-legume companion cropping system known as push-pull technology (PPT). This system has been used in agriculture for over two decades for insect-pest management, soil health improvement, and weed control in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the results with those obtained from maize-monoculture (Mono) cropping system. RESULTS The PPT cropping system changed the composition and diversity of soil and maize-root microbial communities, and led to notable improvements in soil physicochemical characteristics compared to that of the Mono cropping system. Distinct bacterial and fungal genera played a crucial role in influencing the variation in microbial diversity within these cropping systems. The relative abundance of fungal genera Trichoderma, Mortierella, and Bionectria and bacterial genera Streptomyces, RB41, and Nitrospira were more enriched in PPT. These microbial communities are associated with essential ecosystem services such as plant protection, decomposition, carbon utilization, bioinsecticides production, nitrogen fixation, nematode suppression, phytohormone production, and bioremediation. Conversely, pathogenic associated bacterial genus including Bryobacter were more enriched in Mono-root. Additionally, the Mono system exhibited a high relative abundance of fungal genera such as Gibberella, Neocosmospora, and Aspergillus, which are linked to plant diseases and food contamination. Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of the inferred metabiome functional protein pathways including syringate degradation, L-methionine biosynthesis I, and inosine 5'-phosphate degradation. CONCLUSION Push-pull cropping system positively influences soil and maize-root microbiomes and enhances soil physicochemical properties. This highlights its potential for agricultural and environmental sustainability. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diverse ecosystem services offered by this cropping system where it is practiced regarding the system's resilience and functional redundancy. Future research should focus on whether PPT affects the soil and maize-root microbial communities through the release of plant metabolites from the intercrop root exudates or through the alteration of the soil's nutritional status, which affects microbial enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A Jalloh
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20 Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fathiya Mbarak Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20 Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20 Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Munyao Mutyambai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya.
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15
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Li J, Yao S, Kim SC, Wang X. Lipid phosphorylation by a diacylglycerol kinase suppresses ABA biosynthesis to regulate plant stress responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:342-358. [PMID: 38243594 PMCID: PMC10869644 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Lipid phosphorylation by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) that produces phosphatidic acid (PA) plays important roles in various biological processes, including stress responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that DGK5 and its lipid product PA suppress ABA biosynthesis by interacting with ABA-DEFICIENT 2 (ABA2), a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme, to negatively modulate plant response to abiotic stress tested in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of DGK5 function rendered plants less damaged, whereas overexpression (OE) of DGK5 enhanced plant damage to water and salt stress. The dgk5 mutant plants exhibited decreased total cellular and nuclear levels of PA with increased levels of diacylglycerol, whereas DGK5-OE plants displayed the opposite effect. Interestingly, we found that both DGK5 and PA bind to the ABA-synthesizing enzyme ABA2 and suppress its enzymatic activity. Consistently, the dgk5 mutant plants exhibited increased levels of ABA, while DGK5-OE plants showed reduced ABA levels. In addition, we showed that both DGK5 and ABA2 are detected in and outside the nuclei, and loss of DGK5 function decreased the nuclear association of ABA2. We found that both DGK5 activity and PA promote nuclear association of ABA2. Taken together, these results indicate that both DGK5 and PA interact with ABA2 to inhibit its enzymatic activity and promote its nuclear sequestration, thereby suppressing ABA production in response to abiotic stress. Our study reveals a sophisticated mechanism by which DGK5 and PA regulate plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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16
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Ma X, Li W, Zhang H, Lu P, Chen P, Chen L, Qu C. Influence of Nitrogen-Modified Atmosphere Storage on Lipid Oxidation of Peanuts: From a Lipidomic Perspective. Foods 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38254578 PMCID: PMC10814783 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen-modified atmosphere storage (NS) on peanut lipid oxidation was investigated in this paper. Non-targeted lipidomics was employed to detect the lipid metabolites in peanuts with the aim of exploring the mechanism of lipid oxidation in peanuts under different storage conditions. The results showed that compared with conventional storage (CS), NS significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the increase in acid value, carbonyl value, and 2-thiobarbituric acid value and the decrease in vitamin E content. However, the storage time has a much greater effect on lipid oxidation than the oxygen level in the storage environment. Lipidomics analysis revealed that there were significant differences in metabolite changes between CS and NS. NS reduced the decline of most glycerophospholipids by regulating lipid metabolism in peanuts. NS maintained higher levels of Diacylglycerol (DAG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), lysophophatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) compared to CS. This work provided a basis for the application of NS technology to peanut storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ma
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Wenhao Li
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Huayang Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pengxiao Chen
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenling Qu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.M.); (W.L.); (H.Z.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
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Kulke M, Kurtz E, Boren DM, Olson DM, Koenig AM, Hoffmann-Benning S, Vermaas JV. PLAT domain protein 1 (PLAT1/PLAFP) binds to the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane and inserts a lipid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111900. [PMID: 37863269 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Robust agricultural yields depend on the plant's ability to fix carbon amid variable environmental conditions. Over seasonal and diurnal cycles, the plant must constantly adjust its metabolism according to available resources or external stressors. The metabolic changes that a plant undergoes in response to stress are well understood, but the long-distance signaling mechanisms that facilitate communication throughout the plant are less studied. The phloem is considered the predominant conduit for the bidirectional transport of these signals in the form of metabolites, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Lipid trafficking through the phloem in particular attracted our attention due to its reliance on soluble lipid-binding proteins (LBP) that generate and solubilize otherwise membrane-associated lipids. The Phloem Lipid-Associated Family Protein (PLAFP) from Arabidopsis thaliana is generated in response to abiotic stress as is its lipid-ligand phosphatidic acid (PA). PLAFP is proposed to transport PA through the phloem in response to drought stress. To understand the interactions between PLAFP and PA, nearly 100 independent systems comprised of the protein and one PA, or a plasma membrane containing varying amounts of PA, were simulated using atomistic classical molecular dynamics methods. In these simulations, PLAFP is found to bind to plant plasma membrane models independent of the PA concentration. When bound to the membrane, PLAFP adopts a binding pose where W41 and R82 penetrate the membrane surface and anchor PLAFP. This triggers a separation of the two loop regions containing W41 and R82. Subsequent simulations indicate that PA insert into the β-sandwich of PLAFP, driven by interactions with multiple amino acids besides the W41 and R82 identified during the insertion process. Fine-tuning the protein-membrane and protein-PA interface by mutating a selection of these amino acids may facilitate engineering plant signaling processes by modulating the binding response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulke
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Evan Kurtz
- Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Duncan M Boren
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA; Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Dayna M Olson
- Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Amanda M Koenig
- Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
- Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA.
| | - Josh V Vermaas
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA; Department Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, USA.
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Yao S, Kim SC, Li J, Tang S, Wang X. Phosphatidic acid signaling and function in nuclei. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101267. [PMID: 38154743 PMCID: PMC10843600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipidomes are dynamic and their changes generate lipid mediators affecting various biological processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important class of lipid mediators involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological responses in plants, animals, and microbes. The regulatory functions of PA have been studied primarily outside the nuclei, but an increasing number of recent studies indicates that some of the PA effects result from its action in nuclei. PA levels in nuclei are dynamic in response to stimuli. Changes in nuclear PA levels can result from activities of enzymes associated with nuclei and/or from movements of PA generated extranuclearly. PA has also been found to interact with proteins involved in nuclear functions, such as transcription factors and proteins undergoing nuclear translocation in response to stimuli. The nuclear action of PA affects various aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
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19
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Qin Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16039. [PMID: 38003229 PMCID: PMC10671748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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20
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Yang B, Li J, Yan J, Zhang K, Ouyang Z, Lu Y, Wei H, Li Q, Yao X, Lu S, Hong Y, Wang X, Guo L. Non-specific phospholipase C4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids and promotes rapeseed growth and yield. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2421-2436. [PMID: 37642157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwu Li
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yefei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huili Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
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21
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Huang S, Zhang D, Wang Q, Shang B, Liu J, Xing X, Hong Y, Duan X, Sun H. Shotgun lipidomics reveals the changes in phospholipids of brown rice during accelerated aging. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113073. [PMID: 37330832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Brown rice exhibits higher nutritional value and attracts more and more attentions; however, the change in phospholipid molecular species in brown rice during aging is poorly understood. In this study, shotgun lipidomics was employed to investigate the changes in phospholipid molecular species in four brown rice varieties (two japonica rice and two indica rice) during accelerated aging. A total of 64 phospholipid molecular species were identified, and most of them were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. For japonica rice, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) gradually decreased during accelerated aging. However, the content of PC, PE, and PG in indica rice showed no difference during accelerated aging. Significantly different phospholipid molecular species from four brown rice were screened during accelerated aging. Based on these significantly different phospholipids, the metabolic pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism during accelerated aging were depicted. The findings from this study could be helpful in explaining the impact of accelerated aging on phospholipids of brown rice, and offer an understanding on relationships between phospholipids degradation and brown rice deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianlei Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoting Xing
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
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22
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Marvi MV, Neri I, Evangelisti C, Ramazzotti G, Asioli S, Zoli M, Mazzatenta D, Neri N, Morandi L, Tonon C, Lodi R, Franceschi E, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Ratti S. Phospholipases in Gliomas: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives from Bench to Bedside. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050798. [PMID: 37238668 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are essential intermediaries that work as hydrolyzing enzymes of phospholipids (PLs), which represent the most abundant species contributing to the biological membranes of nervous cells of the healthy human brain. They generate different lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid, representing key elements of intra- and inter-cellular signaling and being involved in the regulation of several cellular mechanisms that can promote tumor progression and aggressiveness. In this review, it is summarized the current knowledge about the role of phospholipases in brain tumor progression, focusing on low- and high-grade gliomas, representing promising prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer therapies due to their influential roles in cell proliferation, migration, growth, and survival. A deeper understanding of the phospholipases-related signaling pathways could be necessary to pave the way for new targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Neri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Mazzatenta
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niccolò Neri
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Wang N, Shi Y, Jiang Q, Li H, Fan W, Feng Y, Li L, Liu B, Lin F, Jing W, Zhang W, Shen L. A 14-3-3 protein positively regulates rice salt tolerance by stabilizing phospholipase C1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1232-1248. [PMID: 36539986 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cs (PI-PLCs) catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols, which play crucial roles in signaling transduction during plant development and stress response. However, the regulation of PI-PLC is still poorly understood. A previous study showed that a rice PI-PLC, OsPLC1, was essential to rice salt tolerance. Here, we identified a 14-3-3 protein, OsGF14b, as an interaction partner of OsPLC1. Similar to OsPLC1, OsGF14b also positively regulates rice salt tolerance, and their interaction can be promoted by NaCl stress. OsGF14b also positively regulated the hydrolysis activity of OsPLC1, and is essential to NaCl-induced activation of rice PI-PLCs. We further discovered that OsPLC1 was degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and OsGF14b could inhibit the ubiquitination of OsPLC1 to protect OsPLC1 from degradation. Under salt stress, the OsPLC1 protein level in osgf14b was lower than the corresponding value of WT, whereas overexpression of OsGF14b results in a significant increase of OsPLC1 stability. Taken together, we propose that OsGF14b can interact with OsPLC1 and promote its activity and stability, thereby improving rice salt tolerance. This study provides novel insights into the important roles of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating protein stability and function in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyuan Shi
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Like Shen
- Department of Plant Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Luo J, Liu X, Jiang J. Major-effect quantitative trait locus qLKR4.1 encodes a phospholipase Dδ protein associated with low-K + stress tolerance by promoting root length. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:88. [PMID: 36973446 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
qLKR4.1, controlling low K+ resistance in tomato, was fine-mapped to an interval of 67.5 kb on chromosome A04, and one gene encoding phospholipase Dδ was identified as a candidate gene. In plants, changes in root length are an important morphological response to low K+ (LK) stress; however, the underlying genetics in tomato remain unclear. Here, we combined bulked segregant analysis-based whole-genome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping to identify a candidate gene as a major-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL), i.e., qLKR4.1, which was associated with LK tolerance due to increased root elongation in the tomato line JZ34. Through multiple analyses, we found that Solyc04g082000 is the most likely candidate for qLKR4.1, which encodes phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ). Increased root elongation under LK in JZ34 may be attributed to a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Ca2+-binding domain region of this gene. Solyc04g082000 increases root length through its PLDδ activity. Silencing of Solyc04g082000Arg in JZ34 led to a significant decrease in root length compared with silencing of Solyc04g082000His allele in JZ18 under LK conditions. Mutation of a Solyc04g082000 homologue in Arabidopsis, pldδ, resulted in decreased primary root lengths under LK conditions, compared to the wild type. Transgenic tomato expressing the qLKR4.1Arg allele from JZ34 exhibited a significant increase in root length compared with the wild type expressing the allele from JZ18 under LK conditions. Taken together, our results confirm that the PLDδ gene Solyc04g082000 exerts important functions in increasing tomato root length and LK tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Junfeng Luo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Macioszek VK, Jęcz T, Ciereszko I, Kononowicz AK. Jasmonic Acid as a Mediator in Plant Response to Necrotrophic Fungi. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071027. [PMID: 37048100 PMCID: PMC10093439 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, all named jasmonates, are the simplest phytohormones which regulate multifarious plant physiological processes including development, growth and defense responses to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Moreover, jasmonate plays an important mediator’s role during plant interactions with necrotrophic oomycetes and fungi. Over the last 20 years of research on physiology and genetics of plant JA-dependent responses to pathogens and herbivorous insects, beginning from the discovery of the JA co-receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), research has speeded up in gathering new knowledge on the complexity of plant innate immunity signaling. It has been observed that biosynthesis and accumulation of jasmonates are induced specifically in plants resistant to necrotrophic fungi (and also hemibiotrophs) such as mostly investigated model ones, i.e., Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola or Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. However, it has to be emphasized that the activation of JA-dependent responses takes place also during susceptible interactions of plants with necrotrophic fungi. Nevertheless, many steps of JA function and signaling in plant resistance and susceptibility to necrotrophs still remain obscure. The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize the main findings on selected steps of JA biosynthesis, perception and regulation in the context of plant defense responses to necrotrophic fungal pathogens.
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26
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Wei H, Liu G, Qin J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Yu C, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Movahedi A, Zhang J. Genome-wide characterization, chromosome localization, and expression profile analysis of poplar non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123226. [PMID: 36641014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small and have a broad biological function involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress resistance. Although a small part of plant nsLTPs have been identified, these proteins have not been characterized in poplar at the genomic level. A genome-wide characterization and expression identification of poplar nsLTP members were performed in this study. A total of 42 poplar nsLTP genes were identified from the poplar genome. A comprehensive analysis of poplar nsLTPs was conducted by a phylogenetic tree, duplication events, gene structures, and conserved motifs. The cis-elements of poplar nsLTPs were predicted to respond to light, hormone, and abiotic stress. Many transcription factors (TFs) were identified to interact with poplar nsLTP cis-elements. The tested poplar nsLTPs were expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, but their expression levels differed among tested tissues. Most poplar nsLTP expression levels were changed by abiotic stress, implying that poplar nsLTP may be involved in abiotic stress resistance. Network analysis showed that poplar nsLTPs are putative genes involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This research provides sight into the further study to explain the regulatory mechanism of the poplar nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Bolin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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27
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Hong K, Yao Q, Golding JB, Pristijiono P, Zhang X, Hou X, Yuan D, Li Y, Chen L, Song K, Chen J. Low temperature storage alleviates internal browning of ‘Comte de Paris’ winter pineapple fruit by reducing phospholipid degradation, phosphatidic acid accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation processes. Food Chem 2023; 404:134656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Grapevine-Associated Lipid Signalling Is Specifically Activated in an Rpv3 Background in Response to an Aggressive P. viticola Pathovar. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030394. [PMID: 36766736 PMCID: PMC9913531 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is highly susceptible to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. To control the downy mildew disease, several phytochemicals are applied every season. Recent European Union requirements to reduce the use of chemicals in viticulture have made it crucial to use alternative and more sustainable approaches to control this disease. Our previous studies pinpoint the role of fatty acids and lipid signalling in the establishment of an incompatible interaction between grapevine and P. viticola. To further understand the mechanisms behind lipid involvement in an effective defence response we have analysed the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism in three grapevine genotypes: Chardonnay (susceptible); Regent (tolerant), harbouring an Rpv3-1 resistance loci; and Sauvignac (resistant) that harbours a pyramid of Rpv12 and Rpv3-1 resistance loci. A highly aggressive P. viticola isolate was used (NW-10/16). Moreover, we have characterised the grapevine phospholipases C and D gene families and monitored fatty acid modulation during infection. Our results indicate that both susceptible and resistant grapevine hosts did not present wide fatty acid or gene expression modulation. The modulation of genes associated with lipid signalling and fatty acids seems to be specific to Regent, which raises the hypothesis of being specifically linked to the Rpv3 loci. In Sauvignac, the Rpv12 may be dominant concerning the defence response, and, thus, this genotype may present the activation of other pathways rather than lipid signalling.
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29
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Fan R, Zhao F, Gong Z, Chen Y, Yang B, Zhou C, Zhang J, Du Z, Wang X, Yin P, Guo L, Liu Z. Insights into the mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by plant non-specific phospholipase C. Nat Commun 2023; 14:194. [PMID: 36635324 PMCID: PMC9837106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) hydrolyzes major membrane phospholipids to release diacylglycerol (DAG), a potent lipid-derived messenger regulating cell functions. Despite extensive studies on NPCs reveal their fundamental roles in plant growth and development, the mechanistic understanding of phospholipid-hydrolyzing by NPCs, remains largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Arabidopsis NPC4 at a resolution of 2.1 Å. NPC4 is divided into a phosphoesterase domain (PD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), and is structurally distinct from other characterized phospholipases. The previously uncharacterized CTD is indispensable for the full activity of NPC4. Mechanistically, CTD contributes NPC4 activity mainly via CTDα1-PD interaction, which ultimately stabilizes the catalytic pocket in PD. Together with a series of structure-guided biochemical studies, our work elucidates the structural basis and provides molecular mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by NPC4, and adds new insights into the members of phospholipase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhangmeng Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China.
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Shen K, Qu M, Zhao P. The Roads to Haploid Embryogenesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020243. [PMID: 36678955 PMCID: PMC9865920 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although zygotic embryogenesis is usually studied in the field of seed biology, great attention has been paid to the methods used to generate haploid embryos due to their applications in crop breeding. These mainly include two methods for haploid embryogenesis: in vitro microspore embryogenesis and in vivo haploid embryogenesis. Although microspore culture systems and maize haploid induction systems were discovered in the 1960s, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying haploid formation. In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in in vivo haploid induction systems, and several key factors, such as the matrilineal (MTL), baby boom (BBM), domain of unknown function 679 membrane protein (DMP), and egg cell-specific (ECS) that trigger in vivo haploid embryo production in both the crops and Arabidopsis models have been identified. The discovery of these haploid inducers indicates that haploid embryogenesis is highly related to gamete development, fertilization, and genome stability in ealry embryos. Here, based on recent efforts to identify key players in haploid embryogenesis and to understand its molecular mechanisms, we summarize the different paths to haploid embryogenesis, and we discuss the mechanisms of haploid generation and its potential applications in crop breeding. Although these haploid-inducing factors could assist egg cells in bypassing fertilization to initiate embryogenesis or trigger genome elimination in zygotes after fertilization to form haploid embryos, the fertilization of central cells to form endosperms is a prerequisite step for haploid formation. Deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms for haploid embryogenesis, increasing the haploid induction efficiency, and establishing haploid induction systems in other crops are critical for promoting the application of haploid technology in crop breeding, and these should be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengxue Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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31
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Ying S, Scheible WR, Lundquist PK. A stress-inducible protein regulates drought tolerance and flowering time in Brachypodium and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:643-659. [PMID: 36264121 PMCID: PMC9806587 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To cope with environmental stresses and ensure maximal reproductive success, plants have developed strategies to adjust the timing of their transition to reproductive growth. This has a substantial impact on the stress resilience of crops and ultimately on agricultural productivity. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized, plant-specific gene family designated as Regulator of Flowering and Stress (RFS). Overexpression of the BdRFS gene in Brachypodium distachyon delayed flowering, increased biomass accumulation, and promoted drought tolerance, whereas clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated knockout mutants exhibited opposite phenotypes. A double T-DNA insertional mutant in the two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs replicated the effects on flowering and water deprivation seen in the B. distachyon CRISPR knockout lines, highlighting the functional conservation of the family between monocots and dicots. Lipid analysis of B. distachyon and Arabidopsis revealed that digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) contents were significantly, and reciprocally, altered in overexpressor and knockout mutants. Importantly, alteration of C16:0-containing PC, a Flowering Locus T-interacting lipid, associated with flowering phenotype, with elevated levels corresponding to earlier flowering. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that BdRFS interacts with phospholipase Dα1 as well as several other abscisic acid-related proteins. Furthermore, reduction of C18:3 fatty acids in DGDG corresponded with reduced jasmonic acid metabolites in CRISPR mutants. Collectively, we suggest that stress-inducible RFS proteins represent a regulatory component of lipid metabolism that impacts several agronomic traits of biotechnological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Authors for correspondence: (P.K.L.) and (S.Y.)
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32
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Luo P, Jiang A, Zhou Y, Yang M, Zhou X, Yang Y, Yu J, Tang X. Phospholipase C is a novel regulator at the early stages of microspore embryogenesis in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2094618. [PMID: 35786356 PMCID: PMC9254995 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2094618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microspore transfers the developmental fate into embryogenesis in vitro regulated by determinant factors of stress-induced. However, the key regulators of microspore embryogenesis (ME) are still largely undiscovered to reveal the mechanism of cell fate transition. Here, we report that Phospholipase C (PLC) is involved at the early stages of ME in Nicotiana tabacum. NtPLC2/3/4 are expressed at the initial stages of ME. The expression levels of NtPLC2/3 are transient activated after 3 days in culture, while the expression level of NtPLC4 maintains relatively stable. Inhibition of PLCs induces the decrease in NtPLC2/3/4 expression level and decline of ME yield. We confirm that lipids in microspore are degraded and then re-accumulate at first embryonic division stage. Inhibition of PLCs suppresses the lipids metabolism at the early stages of ME. Thus, we propose that PLCs-mediated lipid metabolism is a novel regulator at the early stages of ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Aixi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Mingchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingchun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan,HubeiChina
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33
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Canella R, Brugnoli F, Gallo M, Keillor JW, Terrazzan A, Ferrari E, Grassilli S, Gates EWJ, Volinia S, Bertagnolo V, Bianchi N, Bergamini CM. A Multidisciplinary Approach Establishes a Link between Transglutaminase 2 and the Kv10.1 Voltage-Dependent K + Channel in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010178. [PMID: 36612174 PMCID: PMC9818547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the multifunctionality of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) includes extra- and intracellular functions, we investigated the effects of intracellular administration of TG2 inhibitors in three breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-468, which are representative of different triple-negative phenotypes, using a patch-clamp technique. The first cell line has a highly voltage-dependent a membrane current, which is low in the second and almost absent in the third one. While applying a voltage protocol to responsive single cells, injection of TG2 inhibitors triggered a significant decrease of the current in MDA-MB-231 that we attributed to voltage-dependent K+ channels using the specific inhibitors 4-aminopyridine and astemizole. Since the Kv10.1 channel plays a dominant role as a marker of cell migration and survival in breast cancer, we investigated its relationship with TG2 by immunoprecipitation. Our data reveal their physical interaction affects membrane currents in MDA-MB-231 but not in the less sensitive MDA-MB-436 cells. We further correlated the efficacy of TG2 inhibition with metabolic changes in the supernatants of treated cells, resulting in increased concentration of methyl- and dimethylamines, representing possible response markers. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interference of TG2 inhibitors with the Kv10.1 channel as a potential therapeutic tool depending on the specific features of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canella
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariana Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eric W. J. Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455854
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Yin Y, Raboanatahiry N, Chen K, Chen X, Tian T, Jia J, He H, He J, Guo Z, Yu L, Li M. Class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 from Camelina sativa promotes very long-chain fatty acids accumulation in phospholipid and triacylglycerol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1141-1158. [PMID: 36209492 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important industrial raw materials and can be produced by genetically modified oil plants. For a long time, class A lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) was considered unable to promote the accumulation of VLCFA in oil crops. The bottlenecks that the transgenic high VLCFA lines have an oil content penalty and the low amount of VLCFA in phosphatidylcholine remains intractable. In the present study, a class A LPAT2 from Camelina sativa (CsaLPAT2) promoting VLCFAs accumulation in phospholipid was found. Overexpression of CsaLPAT2 alone in Arabidopsis seeds significantly increased the VLCFA content in triacylglycerol, including C20:0, C20:2, C20:3, C22:0, and C22:1. The proportion of phosphatidic acid molecules containing VLCFAs in transgenic seeds reached up to 45%, which was 2.8-fold greater than that in wild type. The proportion of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules containing VLCFAs also increased significantly. Seed size in CsaLPAT2 transgenic lines showed a slight increase without an oil content penalty. The total phospholipid content in the seed of the CsaLPAT2 transgenic line was significantly increased. Furthermore, the function of class A LPAT in promoting the accumulation of VLCFAs is conserved in the representative oil crops of Brassicaceae, such as C. sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea. The findings of this study provide a promising gene resource for the production of VLCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianjie He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyi Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Hasi RY, Ishikawa T, Sunagawa K, Takai Y, Ali H, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Yuasa K, Aihara M, Kanemaru K, Imai H, Tanaka T. Nonspecific phospholipase C3 of radish has phospholipase D activity towards glycosylinositol phosphoceramide. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3024-3036. [PMID: 36266963 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is a major sphingolipid in the plasma membranes of plants. Previously, we found an enzyme activity that produces phytoceramide 1-phosphate (PC1P) by hydrolysis of the D position of GIPC in cabbage and named this activity as GIPC-phospholipase D (PLD). Here, we purified GIPC-PLD by sequential chromatography from radish roots. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis revealed that the potential candidate for GIPC-PLD protein was nonspecific phospholipase C3 (NPC3), which has not been characterized as a PLD. The recombinant NPC3 protein obtained by heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli produced PC1P from GIPC and showed essentially the same enzymatic properties as those we characterized as GIPC-PLD in cabbage, radish and Arabidopsis thaliana. From these results, we conclude that NPC3 is one of the enzymes that degrade GIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan
| | - Keigo Sunagawa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Takai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan
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36
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Wang R, Miao X. Lipid turnover and SQUAMOSA promoter-binding proteins mediate variation in fatty acid desaturation under early nitrogen deprivation revealed by lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987354. [PMID: 36247620 PMCID: PMC9558234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deprivation induces variations in fatty acid desaturation in microalgae, which determines the performance of biodiesel and the nutritional value of bioproducts. However, the detailed scenario and the underlying regulatory mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we attempt to outline these scenario and mechanisms by performing biochemical, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and functional characterization of transcription factors in Yarrowia lipolytica. We found that early nitrogen deprivation dramatically reduced fatty acid desaturation without increasing lipid content. The contents of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) dramatically increased to 2.14 and 2.87 times that of nitrogen repletion on the second day, respectively. Lipidomic analysis showed the transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids and glycolipids to triacylglycerols, and an increase in lipid species with 16:0 or 18:1 under nitrogen deprivation conditions. Upregulated stearoyl-ACP desaturase and oleyl-ACP thioesterase promoted the synthesis of 18:1, but restricted acetyl-CoA supply revealed that it was the intensive lipid turnover instead of an attenuated Kennedy pathway that played an important role in the variation in fatty acid composition under early nitrogen deprivation. Finally, two differentially expressed SQUAMOSA promoter-binding proteins (SBPs) were heterologously expressed in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating their role in promoting the accumulation of total fatty acid and the reduction in fatty acid desaturation. These results revealed the crucial role of lipid turnover and SBPs in determining fatty acid desaturation under early nitrogen deprivation, opening new avenues for the metabolic engineering of fatty acid desaturation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Wang YZ, Dai MS, Cai DY, Shi ZB. Solving the regulation puzzle of periderm development using advances in fruit skin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006153. [PMID: 36247566 PMCID: PMC9558172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periderm protects enlarged organs of most dicots and gymnosperms as a barrier to water loss and disease invasion during their secondary growth. Its development undergoes a complex process with genetically controlled and environmental stress-induced characters. Different development of periderm makes the full and partial russet of fruit skin, which diverges in inheritance with qualitative and quantitative characters, respectively, in pear pome. In addition to its specific genetics, fruit periderm has similar development and structure as that of stem and other organs, making it an appropriate material for periderm research. Recently, progress in histochemical as well as transcriptome and proteome analyses, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping have revealed the regulatory molecular mechanism in the periderm based on the identification of switch genes. In this review, we concentrate on the periderm development, propose the conservation of periderm regulation between fruit and other plant organs based on their morphological and molecular characteristics, and summarize a regulatory network with the elicitors and repressors for the tissue development. Spontaneous programmed-cell death (PCD) or environmental stress produces the original signal that triggers the development of periderm. Spatio-temporal specific PCD produced by PyPPCD1 gene and its homologs can play a key role in the coordinated regulation of cell death related tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ze-bin Shi
- *Correspondence: Yue-zhi Wang, ; Ze-bin Shi,
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38
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Advances in Plant Lipid Metabolism Responses to Phosphate Scarcity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172238. [PMID: 36079619 PMCID: PMC9460063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low phosphate (Pi) availability in soils severely limits crop growth and production. Plants have evolved to have numerous physiological and molecular adaptive mechanisms to cope with Pi starvation. The release of Pi from membrane phospholipids is considered to improve plant phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency in response to Pi starvation and accompanies membrane lipid remodeling. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries related to this topic and the molecular basis of membrane phospholipid alteration and triacylglycerol metabolism in response to Pi depletion in plants at different subcellular levels. These findings will help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi starvation and thus help to develop crop cultivars with high P utilization efficiency.
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39
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The Examination of the Role of Rice Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase 2 in Response to Salt and Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179796. [PMID: 36077191 PMCID: PMC9456497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important signal molecule in various biological processes including osmotic stress. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) acylates the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to produce PA. The role of LPAT2 and its PA in osmotic stress response remains elusive in plants. Here we showed that LPAT2-derived PA is important for salt and drought stress tolerance in rice. Rice LPAT2 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to catalyze the PA synthesis. The LPAT2 transcript was induced by osmotic stress such as high salinity and water deficit. To reveal its role in osmotic stress response, an LPAT2 knockdown mutant, designated lpat2, was isolated from rice, which contained a reduced PA level relative to wild type (WT) plants under salt stress and water deficit. The lpat2 mutant was more susceptible to osmotic stress and less sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) than that of WT, which was recovered by either PA supplementation or genetic LPAT2 complementation. Moreover, suppressed LPAT2 also led to a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in diverse processes, particularly, in ABA response, kinase signaling, and ion homeostasis in response to salt stress. Together, LPAT2-produced PA plays a positive role in osmotic tolerance through mediating ABA response, which leads to transcriptional alteration of genes related to ABA response, protein kinase signaling, and ion homeostasis.
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Wu C, Zhang X, Cui Z, Gou J, Zhang B, Sun X, Xu N. Patatin-like phospholipase A-induced alterations in lipid metabolism and jasmonic acid production affect the heat tolerance of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105688. [PMID: 35759824 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures seriously limit the growth and productivity of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. By hydrolyzing glycerolipids into lysophospholipids (LPs) and free fatty acids (FFAs), patatin-like phospholipase A (pPLA) plays an important role in stress responses. GlpPLA expression was up-regulated under heat stress, however, the regulation of pPLA in heat tolerance of G. lemaneiformis is unknown. In this study, G. lemaneiformis under heat stress was treated with bromoenololide (BEL), a chemical inhibitor of pPLA, to evaluate the cellular function of pPLA in this species. When pPLA was inhibited through BEL treatment, the sensitivity of G. lemaneiformis to heat stress increased and the biomass and maximum and effective quantum yield of photosystem II decreased. Moreover, BEL treatment resulted in a significant decrease in many lipid molecular species, all of which are mainly composed of 16C, 18C, and 20C fatty acids. Consistently, FFA levels and LPs contents in G. lemaneiformis under BEL treatment showed a significant decrease. The first step in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) is the lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated oxygenation of linolenic acid (C18:3). BEL treatment decreased JA and C18:3 accumulation and markedly downregulated the expression of GILOX under heat stress. Together, these results indicate that pPLA is closely related to the growth of G. lemaneiformis under heat stress, and pPLA is involved in the lipid metabolism and JA biosynthesis of G. lemaneiformis in response to heat stress. This research broadens the understanding of the heat stress adaptation mechanism of G. lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenhao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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