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Hunt ET, Brazendale K, De Moraes AC, Malkani R, Heredia NI, Pfledderer CD, Brown DM, Hoelscher DM, Beets MW, Weaver RG. Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among U.S. Adolescents Before and During COVID-19: Findings From a Large Cohort Study. AJPM FOCUS 2024; 3:100253. [PMID: 39175501 PMCID: PMC11340494 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Evidence suggests that adolescents engage in less physical activity during the summer break. Less is known regarding physical activity during the summer months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the authors examined daily activity measured by Fitbit Charge 2 devices before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during school and summer months. Linear models estimated activity during pre-COVID-19 school, pre-COVID-19 summer, COVID-19 school, and COVID-19 summer. Results Participants (N=7,179, aged 11.96 years, 51% female, 51% White) accumulated 8,671.0 (95% CI=8,544.7; 8,797.3) steps, 32.5 (95% CI=30.8, 32.3) minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and 507.2 (95% CI=504.2, 510.2) minutes of sedentary time. During COVID-19 school, adolescents accumulated fewer daily steps and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (-1,782.3 steps [95% CI= -2,052.7; -1,511.8] and -6.2 minutes [95% CI= -8.4, -4.0], respectively). Adolescents accumulated more minutes of daily sedentary time (29.6 minutes [95% CI=18.9, 40.3]) during COVID-19 school months than during the pre-COVID-19 school months. During pre-COVID-19 summer months, adolescents accumulated 1,255.1 (95% CI=745.3; 1,765.0) more daily steps than during COVID-19 months. Boys accumulated more daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (2,011.5 steps [95% CI=1,271.9; 2,751.0] and 7.9 minutes [95% CI=1.4, 14.4], respectively) during the summer before COVID-19 than in summer during COVID-19. Both girls and boys accumulated more minutes of sedentary time during COVID-19 school months (47.4 [95% CI=27.5, 67.3] and 51.2 [95% CI=22.8, 79.7], respectively) than during COVID-19 summer months. Conclusions Societal restrictions during COVID-19 negatively impacted activity levels in the U.S., particularly during the summer months during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Hunt
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, UCF College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Augusto C.F. De Moraes
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Raja Malkani
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Natalia I. Heredia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Christopher D. Pfledderer
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Denver M. Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Deanna M. Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin, Texas
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Robert G. Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Fu L, Burns RD, Zhe S, Bai Y. What explains adolescents' physical activity and sports participation during the COVID-19 pandemic? - an interpretable machine learning approach. J Sports Sci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39300762 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2404783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents' physical activity (PA) and sports participation declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the critical socio-ecological factors for PA and sports participation using a machine learning approach. We did a cross-sectional secondary data analysis utilising the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) dataset (N=16,166; 49.0% female). We applied an interpretable machine learning approach (e.g. decision tree-based models) that examined the critical factors associated with PA and sports participation. The factors related to the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, and community levels of the socio-ecological model. Out of the 25 factors examined, our findings unveiled the 11 critical factors associated with PA and the 10 critical factors associated with sports participation. Factors at the intrapersonal levels (e.g. age, screen time, and race) held greater importance to PA than those at the other three levels. While interpersonal factors (e.g. parent participation in children's events/activities, family's highest educational level, and family income level) were most important for sports participation. This study identified that the common critical factors of physical activity and sports participation during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly relied on intrapersonal and interpersonal levels. Unique factors were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Fu
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Shandian Zhe
- Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Bucko AG, Dowda M, Inak N, Wilson DK, Pate RR. The Association Between Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines and Mental Health Among High-School Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:399-403. [PMID: 38970603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) is associated with mental health outcomes in high-school students, yet many students do not meet the recommended PA levels. Furthermore, both PA levels and mental health were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess whether the number of PA recommendations students met during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with their self-reported mental health (including their experiences with stress, anxiety, and depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Students completed the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, where they reported PA behaviors, mental health, and COVID-19-related experiences (as control variables) during the pandemic. RESULTS Each PA recommendation that was met was associated with a 17% decrease in the odds of students self-reporting that they experienced stress, anxiety, or depression most of the time or always during the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION Students should be provided with opportunities to participate in PA to obtain the physical and mental health benefits, especially in the event of a crisis like the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes G Bucko
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Nabila Inak
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Rogers BJ, Alphonso SR, Neally SJ, Deng Y, Moniruzzaman M, Tamura K. The Role of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Environment on Adolescent Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity: Findings from Add Health. J Community Health 2024; 49:635-643. [PMID: 38374312 PMCID: PMC11407792 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the role of perceived neighborhood characteristics such as neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and contentedness on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how these associations are moderated by gender and race. This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood social environment with (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data from 6504 adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 0.03 years) who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used. SB and PA were considered continuously and dichotomously. PNSE variables include safety, social cohesion, and contentedness, where higher values of PNSE indicate a more favorable neighborhood perception. Weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of PNSE with continuous total SB (hours/week) and MVPA (bouts/week), and binary excessive SB (14 h/week) and meeting MVPA guidelines (≥ 5 bouts/week), respectively. Associations were stratified by gender and race to test moderation effects. Models were adjusted for demographic, health, parental, and neighborhood covariates. This study found that neighborhood safety and contentedness were negatively associated with SB, whereas neighborhood social cohesion and contentedness were positively associated with PA. Gender-specific and race-specific results remained somewhat consistent with overall findings; however, neighborhood safety was not associated with SB among female and non-White adolescents, respectively. Similarly, neighborhood safety and contentedness were not associated with MVPA for non-White adolescents. Findings suggest that an adolescent's neighborhood environment, gender, and race should be considered when implementing strategies to reduce SB and increase PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna J Rogers
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sophie R Alphonso
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam J Neally
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yangyang Deng
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Qiu Q, Chai G, Xu M, Xiao J. Associations of physical activity and soybean product consumption with psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional survey of Chinese university students. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:162. [PMID: 39061095 PMCID: PMC11282836 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Declining physical activity among university students has become a concern, with increasingly poor dietary behaviors and other unfavorable factors having an impact on the occurrence of psychological symptoms. Previous studies have analyzed the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological symptoms, but few studies have investigated the association between soy product consumption and these symptoms. In addition, the associations between physical activity and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms have not been investigated. METHODS In this study, 7267 university students from different regions of China were surveyed regarding physical activity, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations among MVPA, soy product consumption, and psychological symptoms. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to further analyze the associations of MVPA and soy product consumption with psychological symptoms in this population. RESULTS The detection rate of psychological symptoms among Chinese university students was 17.9%, with the rate among female students (18.9%) higher than that among male students (16.6%). The proportion of university students with MVPA < 30 min/d, 30-60 min/d, and > 60 min/d was 76.1%, 19.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, and the proportion with soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/wk, 3-5 times/wk, and ≥ 5 times/wk was 25.8%, 42.4%, and 31.7%, respectively. The GLM showed that compared with university students who had MVPA < 30 min/d and soy product consumption ≤ 2 times/week, those with the lowest risk of developing psychological symptoms had MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption ≥ 6 times/week (OR = 0.198, 95% CI: 0.100-0.393, P < 0.001). This group was followed by university students with MVPA > 60 min/d and soy product consumption 3-5 times/week (OR = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.102-0.479, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In terms of research, there is an association between physical activity and soy product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. The results of our study suggest that integrated intervention for psychological symptoms among university students is needed from the perspectives of physical activity and dietary behavior to promote good mental health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qiu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Chai
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330038, P. R. China.
| | - Mengjie Xu
- School of Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330038, P. R. China
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Chattha H, Duncan MJ, Riazi NA, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Changes to Secondary School Physical Activity Programs and Policy after Emerging from COVID-19 Lockdowns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:788. [PMID: 38929034 PMCID: PMC11203728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptations that schools made to physical activity programs and facilities, and disparities by area urbanicity and income, during the first school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a convenience sample of 132 secondary schools in Canada, school contacts responded to an annual survey in the 2020-2021 school year on changes to physical activity programs and facilities, and related staff training. Content analysis categorized open-ended text responses, and schools were compared based on area urbanicity and median income. Most schools canceled all interschool sports (88.9%) and intramurals (65.9%). New programs were added by 12.6% of schools, and about half (49%) of schools reported some continuing programs, most of which were sports programs, followed by facility and equipment access. Physical activity facilities were closed in 18.1% of schools, while 15.7% had new facilities added, and 11% temporarily converted facilities into learning spaces. Large/medium urban schools were at greater odds of having made any change to their facilities compared to schools in rural/small urban areas (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.3 (1.1, 4.8)). The results demonstrate the considerable scale and nature of the restrictions in school provisions of physical activity opportunities during this period, as well as the resourcefulness of some schools in adding new programs and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Chattha
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Markus J. Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Negin A. Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Student Health and Wellbeing, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Nagata JM, Weinstein S, Alsamman S, Lee CM, Dooley EE, Ganson KT, Testa A, Gooding HC, Kiss O, Baker FC, Pettee Gabriel K. Association of physical activity and screen time with cardiovascular disease risk in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1346. [PMID: 38762449 PMCID: PMC11102349 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, limited evidence is available on sedentary behaviors (screen time) and their joint associations with physical activity (steps) for cardiovascular health in adolescence. The objective of this study was to identify joint associations of screen time and physical activity categories with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol) in adolescence. METHODS This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, comprising a diverse sample of 4,718 U.S. adolescents aged 10-15 years between 2018 and 2021. Steps were measured by a Fitbit wearable device and levels were categorized as low (1,000-6,000), medium (> 6,000-12,000), and high (> 12,000) averaged daily step counts. Self-reported recreational screen time hours per day were classified as low (0-4), medium (> 4-8), and high (> 8) hours per day. CVD risk factors including blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol (total and HDL) were measured. RESULTS The analytical sample averaged 6.6 h of screen time per day and 9,722 steps per day. In models including both screen time and steps, the high screen time category was associated with a 4.27 higher diastolic blood pressure percentile (95% CI 1.83-6.73) and lower HDL cholesterol (B= -2.85, 95% CI -4.77 to -0.94 mg/dL) compared to the low screen time category. Medium (B = 3.68, 95% CI 1.24-6.11) and low (B = 7.64, 95% CI 4.07-11.20) step categories were associated with higher diastolic blood pressure percentile compared to the high step category. The medium step category was associated with lower HDL cholesterol (B= -1.99, 95% CI -3.80 to -0.19 mg/dL) compared to the high step category. Findings were similar when screen time and step counts were analyzed as continuous variables; higher continuous step count was additionally associated with lower total cholesterol (mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS Combinations of low screen time and high steps were generally associated with favorable cardiovascular health markers including lower diastolic blood pressure and higher HDL cholesterol, which can inform future adolescent health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Shayna Weinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sana Alsamman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Christopher M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard. Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holly C Gooding
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard. Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
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Husu P, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Kokko S, Villberg J, Vasankari T. Physical activity has decreased in Finnish children and adolescents from 2016 to 2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1343. [PMID: 38762462 PMCID: PMC11102264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying trends in children's and adolescents' physical activity (PA) have been reported during the last 10-20 years. Trends in sedentary behavior (SB) have been studied only rarely. The purpose of the present study was to describe population-based trends in accelerometer-measured PA, standing and SB, among Finnish 7-15-year-old children and adolescents, and to evaluate the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these behaviors. METHOD A cross-sectional population-based Finnish school-aged physical activity Study (FSPA) measured daily steps, vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, and SB by an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in 2016, 2018, and 2022 (n = 7.080, 57% girls). The data was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS In 2016, participants took on average 10.305 steps per day, and spent 0:15 (h: min) in VPA, 1:37 in MPA, 1:52 in MVPA, 3:48 in LPA, 0:55 in standing and 7:52 in SB. From 2016 to 2018, daily steps, MPA, LPA, and standing increased [229 steps (95% Confidence Interval, CI 70-387), 0:03 (CI 0:01 - 0:04), 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), and 0:07 (CI 0:05 - 0:08), respectively], while VPA and SB decreased [0:01 (CI 0:00-0:02) and 0:20 (CI 0:16 - 0:24), respectively]. From 2018 to 2022, daily PA and standing declined [751 steps (CI 562-939), VPA 0:02 (CI 0:01 - 0:03), MPA 0:09 (CI 0:07 - 0:11), MVPA 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), LPA 0:08 (CI 0:05 - 0:11), and standing 0:01 (CI 0:01 - 0:03)] while SB increased 0:21 (CI 0:16 - 0:25) indicating potential influence of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents became physically less active from 2016 to 2022. The potential effects of the COVID-19 were seen as declined PA and increased sedentariness from 2018 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
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Lang JE, Carrion VM, Bhammar DM, Howard JB, Armstrong SC. A Randomized Trial of Inspiratory Training in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Child Obes 2024. [PMID: 38696657 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Children with obesity suffer excess dyspnea that contributes to sedentariness. Developing innovative strategies to increase exercise tolerance and participation in children with obesity is a high priority. Because inspiratory training (IT) has reduced dyspnea, we sought to assess IT in children with obesity. Methods: We conducted a 6-week randomized IT trial involving 8- to 17-year-olds with obesity. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either high [75% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)] or low resistance control (15% of MIP) three times weekly. Assessments included adherence, patient satisfaction, and changes in inspiratory strength and endurance, dyspnea scores and total activity level. Results: Among 27 randomized, 24 (89%) completed the intervention. Total session adherence was 72% which did not differ between treatment groups. IT was safe, and more than 90% felt IT benefitted breathing and general health. IT led to a mean improvement (95% CI) in inspiratory strength measured by MIP of 10.0 cm H2O (-3.5, 23.6; paired t-test, p = 0.139) and inspiratory endurance of 8.9 (1.0, 16.8; paired t-test, p = 0.028); however, there was no significant difference between high- and low-treatment groups. IT led to significant reductions in dyspnea with daily activity (p < 0.001) and in prospectively reported dyspnea during exercise (p = 0.024). Among the high- versus low-treatment group, we noted a trend for reduced dyspnea with daily activity (p = 0.071) and increased daily steps (865 vs. -51, p = 0.079). Discussion: IT is safe and feasible for children with obesity and holds promise for reducing dyspnea and improving healthy activity in children with obesity. Breathe-Fit trial NCT05412134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Veronica M Carrion
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dharini M Bhammar
- Center for Tobacco Research, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janna B Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Eilertsen M, Riis A, Nielsen A, Riel H. Physical activity levels before and after the COVID-19 restrictions among Danish adolescents: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:284-289. [PMID: 37817568 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231201690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It has been suggested that the COVID-19 restrictions may have negatively impacted physical activity (PA) levels, especially among adolescents, who often use organised sports to support their intrinsic motivation for staying active. This study aimed to investigate whether adolescents were less physically active after the COVID-19 restrictions compared with before and examine whether participation in organised sports has changed since the COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of Danish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire in SurveyXact. The primary variable of interest was moderate or high-intensity PA frequency before and after COVID-19 restrictions (from March 11, 2020, to September 10, 2021). Secondary variables of interest included whether the PA was self-organised (e.g. running, hiking, going to a gym or cycling) or part of an organised sport delivered by a club or other association, before versus after the restrictions. RESULTS A total of 324 participants responded to the questionnaire. The relative risk of not performing PA at least twice per week after COVID-19 restrictions compared with before was significantly larger (1.44; 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.85, p = 0.005). Before the lockdowns, 190 (59%) were engaged in organised sports compared with 152 (47%) after the restrictions (relative risk: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.92, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with activity levels before the pandemic, adolescents became significantly less physically active following the COVID-19 restrictions, beyond what is typically observed during adolescence. These results emphasise a need for strategies to increase PA levels among adolescents to minimise the long-term negative effects of physical inactivity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eilertsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Allan Riis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Denmark
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Anne Nielsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Denmark
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Henrik Riel
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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11
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Mandic S, Khan A, García Bengoechea E, Coppell KJ, Spence JC, Smith M. Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:188. [PMID: 38229064 PMCID: PMC10790521 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5-6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n = 1,266; age: 15.3 ± 1.4 years; 54.6% female) and 2021/2022 (Study 2; n = 819; age: 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 47.4% female). The proportion of adolescents meeting guidelines for physical activity (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), outside school screen time (≤ 2 h/day) and fruit and vegetable intake (> 1 serving/day for both fruit and vegetables) was calculated. Data were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Few adolescents met recommended health behaviour guidelines. Compared to Study 1, significantly greater proportions of adolescents at Study 2 met guidelines for physical activity (16.7% vs. 23.1%; p < 0.001) and outside school screen time (13.3% vs. 18.3%; p < 0.001) while fruit and vegetable intake was not different (29.6% vs. 27.0%; p = 0.322). Compared to Study 1, average outside school screen time at Study 2 was lower on both weekdays (5.0 ± 2.9 vs. 4.6 ± 2.9; p < 0.001) and weekend days (6.9 ± 3.5 vs. 6.1 ± 3.6 h/day; p < 0.001). Reported frequency of consuming sweets was higher and soft drinks lower at Study 2 versus Study 1. CONCLUSIONS Despite observed higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of outside school screen time during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels, few adolescents met health behaviour guidelines at both time points. Therefore, comprehensive health promotion that aims to improve physical activity levels, screen time and dietary patterns for adolescents is still necessary to prevent chronic health conditions adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mandic
- AGILE Research Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand.
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enrique García Bengoechea
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Research and Innovation Unit, Sport Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kirsten J Coppell
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Yun JS, Lee GI, Kim BR. Association of Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment and School Happiness with Obesity Levels and Intensity of Physical Activity during Physical Education Classes in South Korean Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:40. [PMID: 38200946 PMCID: PMC10778906 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between basic psychological need fulfillment (BPNF) and school happiness in relation to the intensity of physical activity exhibited by adolescents during physical education (PE) classes and their obesity levels. We measured BPNF and school happiness using a questionnaire administered to 600 junior high school students. After exclusion, 532 questionnaires were analyzed. A 3D accelerometer (GT3X model) from Actigraph and the body mass index were used to measure physical activity intensity and obesity, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that BPNF and school happiness were significantly associated with physical activity intensity. Specifically, students who engaged in high-intensity physical activity exhibited higher levels of BPNF and school happiness. Additionally, BPNF and school happiness were not significantly related to obesity, whereas a significant relationship was observed between BPNF, school happiness, and the interaction between physical activity intensity and obesity level. This finding implies that adolescents with higher physical activity intensity and lower obesity reported higher levels of BPNF and school happiness. These findings suggest that physical activity intensity during PE classes significantly influences emotional development. Therefore, incorporating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity into PE may serve as a strategy for promoting emotional development in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Seok Yun
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyu-Il Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Lee MS, Lee H. A Comparison of Changes in Health Behavior, Obesity, and Mental Health of Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Cross-Sectional Study. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1086-1094. [PMID: 37997337 PMCID: PMC10678147 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health behavior and mental health problems of adolescents have shown a variety of changes due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study compared health behavior, obesity, and mental health among Korean adolescents before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Population-based and cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Surveys were used. Data of 57,048 and 54,948 adolescents from the 2019 and 2020 surveys, respectively, were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare health behavior, obesity, and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of overweight, obesity, and body image perceived subjectively as fat, were higher in the 2020 sample compared to the 2019 sample. The aOR of the frequency (more than 3 times a week) of fast-food consumption was higher in 2020 than in 2019. However, the aOR of physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking experience were lower in 2020 than in 2019. In addition, during COVID-19, adolescents were less likely to have perceived severe stress, depressive moods, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests the co-occurrence of positive and negative changes in health behavior, obesity, and mental health among Korean adolescents during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The results contribute insights for monitoring adolescents' health behavior and promoting their mental health during school shutdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Nagata JM, Alsamman S, Smith N, Yu J, Ganson KT, Dooley EE, Wing D, Baker FC, Pettee Gabriel K. Social epidemiology of Fitbit daily steps in early adolescence. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1838-1844. [PMID: 37353663 PMCID: PMC10624619 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sociodemographic disparities in adolescent physical activity have been documented but mostly rely on self-reported data. Our objective was to examine differences in device-based step metrics, including daily step count (steps d-1), by sociodemographic factors among a diverse sample of 10-to-14-year-old adolescents in the US. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from Year 2 (2018-2020) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 6460). Mixed-effects models were conducted to estimate associations of sociodemographic factors (sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, household income, parental education, and parental marital status) with repeated measures of steps d-1 over the course of 21 days. RESULTS Participants (49.6% female, 39.0% racial/ethnic minority) accumulated an average of 9095.8 steps d-1. In mixed-effects models, 1543.6 more steps d-1 were recorded for male versus female sex, Black versus White race (328.8 more steps d-1), heterosexual versus sexual minority sexual orientation (676.4 more steps d-1), >$200,000 versus <$25,000 household income (1003.3 more steps d-1), and having married/partnered parents versus unmarried/unpartnered parents (326.3 more steps d-1). We found effect modification by household income for Black adolescents and by sex for Asian adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Given sociodemographic differences in adolescent steps d-1, physical activity guidelines should focus on key populations and adopt strategies optimized for adolescents from diverse backgrounds. IMPACT Sociodemographic disparities in physical activity have been documented but mostly rely on self-reported data, which can be limited by reporting and prevarication bias. In this demographically diverse sample of 10-14-year-old early adolescents in the U.S., we found notable and nuanced sociodemographic disparities in Fitbit steps per day. More daily steps were recorded for male versus female sex, Black versus White race, heterosexual versus sexual minority, >$100,000 versus <$25,000 household income, and having married/partnered versus unmarried/unpartnered parents. We found effect modification by household income for Black adolescents and by sex for Asian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sana Alsamman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David Wing
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, La Jolla University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Aydogan Z, Binay-Bolat K, Ocak E, Tokgoz-Yilmaz S. The effect of screen time on hearing and balance in 6-16 aged children. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:965-970. [PMID: 38197860 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2296556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in screen time and the decrease in physical- activity cause balance problems as well as many systemic handicaps. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of screen time on balance and the effect of headphone usage time on hearing. METHOD Thirty-four individuals aged 6-16 years who applied to our clinic with complaints of dizziness and/or balance disorder were included in the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to their screen time: Group 1 (4-8 h/day) and Group2(>8 h/day). The other two groups are grouped according to headphone usage time as Group A (2-4 h/day) and Group B (>4hours/day). Pure-tone audiometry, extended high frequency-audiometry, Videonystagmography (VNG) and Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) tests and Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Visual Analogue Scale were applied to all individuals. CDP scores and pure tone hearing thresholds between groups were compared. RESULTS A significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 according to the CDP test (visual, vestibular and composite scores), and according to the VAS-dizziness and PBS (p ≤ .05). Pure tone average and pure tone thresholds at high frequencies were compared between Group A and Group B according to headphone usage time. Pure tone thresholds of Group B were worse at high frequencies than Group A (p ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS It has been observed that prolonged screen time may cause balance impairment in children and prolonged use of headphones may affect high-frequency hearing thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Aydogan
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Audiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Binay-Bolat
- Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology, Balance and Speech Pathology Unit, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Ocak
- Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology, Balance and Speech Pathology Unit, Ankara University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Cortez CA, Yuefan Shao I, Seamans MJ, Dooley EE, Pettee Gabriel K, Nagata JM. Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity among U.S. adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102344. [PMID: 37564120 PMCID: PMC10410239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Only 16.1% percent of U.S. adolescents meet the recommendation of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) per day. Studies report declined levels of adolescent MVPA in early stages of the pandemic, but gaps remain in understanding changes beyond the initial three months of the pandemic. This study aims to describe and compare self-reported adolescent MVPA levels at multiple timepoints before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among 11,865 9-11-year-old U.S. adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, including pre-pandemic (September 2016-October 2018), early (May, June, and August 2020), and later (October and December 2020, March 2021) stages of the pandemic. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of the proportion of adolescents meeting national MVPA guidelines during early and later stages of the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. The proportion of adolescents meeting MVPA guidelines decreased from pre (16.4%), early (11.0%), and later (4.7%) COVID-19 pandemic timepoints. Adolescent MVPA guideline adherence at early- and later-pandemic stages was 24% lower (APR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62, 0.93) and 68% lower (APR 0.32, 95% CI 0.24, 0.43) than pre-pandemic adherence, respectively. Weekly MVPA duration decreased throughout May 2020 to March 2021 (χ2 = 488.9, p < 0.0001). Study findings build upon existing evidence that the low achievement of national MVPA guidelines before the pandemic became even lower during the pandemic, demonstrating the need to support and improve access to adolescent MVPA opportunities during COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts and in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Cortez
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Iris Yuefan Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marissa J. Seamans
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Erin E. Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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17
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Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu Z, Yang J. Investigating Links between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Self-Rated Health Status in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Intelligence and Psychosocial Stress. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1106. [PMID: 37508604 PMCID: PMC10378217 DOI: 10.3390/children10071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a crucial phase, characterized by rapid physical and mental development and numerous challenges. Physical activity plays a vital role in the mental well-being of adolescents; however, due to the prevailing educational philosophy prioritizing academic performance, adolescent participation in physical activities has yet to reach its full potential. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on adolescents' emotional intelligence, psychosocial stress, and self-rated health status. To achieve this objective, a cluster sampling method was employed to collect data from 600 adolescents in 10 schools across five municipal districts of Changsha, China. A total of 426 valid questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Utilizing AMOS v.23, a structural equation model was constructed to validate the hypotheses. The findings reveal that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly impacts adolescents' emotional intelligence and self-rated health status. Conversely, it exerts a significant negative influence on their psychosocial stress. Moreover, emotional intelligence and psychosocial stress mediate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and self-rated health status. In light of these results, education departments, schools, and families must embrace a paradigm shift in educational philosophies and provide robust support for adolescents to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Songbiao Zhang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Ziqing Xu
- International College, National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Nagata JM, Yang J, Alsamman S, Al-Shoaibi AAA, Ganson KT, Pettee Gabriel K, Baker FC. Higher blood pressure and weight observed among early adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Prev Cardiol 2023; 14:100508. [PMID: 37313357 PMCID: PMC10198794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant disruptions in the lifestyle behaviors of adolescents; however, there is a paucity of data on objective changes in health indicators of adolescents such as blood pressure, hypertension, and weight. The aim of this study is to quantify differences in blood pressure and weight before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 2018 to 2020, corresponding to the second follow-up year (Year 2) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Among 4,065 early adolescents (mean age 12.00, 49.4% female, 55.5% white), 3.4% vs 6.4% of adolescents had hypertension pre-pandemic vs during the pandemic (p < 0.001). The pandemic was associated with a 4.65 percentile (95% CI 2.65, 6.66) higher diastolic blood pressure, and a 1.68 kg (95% CI 0.51, 2.85) higher weight when adjusting for covariates. The pandemic was associated with a 1.97 higher odds of hypertension (95% CI 1.33, 2.92) compared to pre-pandemic when adjusting for covariates. Future studies should explore mechanisms and longitudinal trends in blood pressure among adolescents as they return to pre-pandemic lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sana Alsamman
- University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | | | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, United States
- University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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19
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Yun J, Lee S. Differences in Physical Activity Patterns among Korean Adolescents during and after COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1611. [PMID: 37297750 PMCID: PMC10252987 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19-induced social distancing restrictions, adolescents' physical activity declined and their level of health and fitness decreased. In March 2023, the Korean government established the beginning of the post-COVID-19 era by declaring that indoor masks were now "recommended" rather than "mandatory". Consequently, adolescents, whose physical activity decreased during COVID-19, began to participate in such activities again. This study aimed to verify the differences in adolescent physical activity during COVID-19 and after COVID-19. To achieve the study's purpose, an online survey was conducted twice, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, for 1143 Korean adolescents in 2022 and 2023. The following results were derived through frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and an independent variables t-test. First, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19 (p = 0.018). Second, high-intensity (p = 0.018), moderate-intensity (p = 0.030), and low-intensity (p = 0.002) physical activities and total leisure-time physical activities (p = 0.003) were all higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19. Third, high-intensity (p = 0.005), moderate-intensity (p = 0.003), low-intensity (p = 0.003) activities and total physical activities in school (p = 0.001) were all higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19. Fourth, there was no difference in the commuting times for cycling (p = 0.515) and walking (p = 0.484) and the total physical activities during commuting (p = 0.375) during and after COVID-19. Based on these results, the methods to help adolescents form correct habits for leading a healthy life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseok Yun
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungman Lee
- Department of Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Gyeonggi 17579, Republic of Korea
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20
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Moosa AS, Ng DX, Aau WK, Goy WTT, Yang CR, Sim EHA, Wee JD, Tan NC. Resilience and coping behaviour among adolescents in a high-income city-state during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4061. [PMID: 36906711 PMCID: PMC10006555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the resilience of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural adolescent students in cosmopolitan Singapore, their coping abilities, and the impact on their social and physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with their resilience. A total of 582 adolescents in post-secondary education institutes completed an online survey from June to November 2021. The survey assessed their sociodemographic status, resilience level using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and Hardy-Gill Resilience Scale (HGRS), the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their daily activities, life settings, social life, social interactions, and coping ability in these aspects of life. Poor ability to cope with school life (adjusted beta = - 0.163, 95% CI - 1.928 to 0.639, p < 0.001), staying home (adjusted beta = - 0.108, 95% CI = - 1.611 to - 0.126, p = 0.022), sports (adjusted beta = - 0.116, 95% CI - 1.691 to - 0.197, p = 0.013) and friends (adjusted beta = - 0.143, 95% CI - 1.904 to - 0.363, p = 0.004) were associated with statistically significant low resilience level measured with HGRS. About half and a third of the participants reported normal and low resilience, respectively, based on BRS (59.6%/32.7%) and HGRS (49.0%/29.0%) scores. Adolescents of Chinese ethnicity and low socioeconomic status had comparatively lower resilience scores. Approximately half of the adolescents in this study had normal resilience despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents with lower resilience tended to have lower coping abilities. The study did not compare changes in the social life and coping behaviour of the adolescents due to COVID-19, as data on these aspects prior to the pandemic was unavailable.
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21
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Nagata JM, Smith N, Alsamman S, Lee CM, Dooley EE, Kiss O, Ganson KT, Wing D, Baker FC, Gabriel KP. Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Body Mass Index Among US Adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2255466. [PMID: 36757695 PMCID: PMC9912127 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report identified important research gaps to inform future guidance for adolescents, including limited evidence on the importance of sedentary behaviors (screen time) and their interactions with physical activity for adolescent health outcomes, including overweight and obesity. OBJECTIVE To identify the independent associations of physical activity and screen time categories, and the interactions between physical activity and screen time categories, with body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity in adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study collected from September 10, 2018, to September 29, 2020. Data were analyzed from July 8 to December 20, 2022. A total of 5797 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years from 21 racially and ethnically diverse study sites across the US were included in the analysis. EXPOSURES Categories of total step count per day (with 1000 to 6000 steps per day indicating low, >6000 to 12 000 steps per day indicating medium, and >12 000 steps per day indicating high), as measured by a wearable digital device (Fitbit), and categories of self-reported screen time hours per day (with 0 to 4 hours per day indicating low, >4 to 8 hours per day indicating medium, and >8 hours per day indicating high). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participant BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and converted into sex- and age-specific percentiles in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curves and definitions. Individuals were classified as having overweight or obesity if their BMI was in the 85th percentile or higher for sex and age. RESULTS Among 5797 adolescents included in the analytic sample, 50.4% were male, 61.0% were White, 35.0% had overweight or obesity, and the mean (SD) age was 12.0 (0.6) years. Mean (SD) reported screen time use was 6.5 (5.4) hours per day, and mean (SD) overall step count was 9246.6 (3111.3) steps per day. In models including both screen time and step count, medium (risk ratio [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.37) and high (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16-1.44) screen time categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the low screen time category. Medium (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06-1.35) and low (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.51) step count categories were associated with higher overweight or obesity risk compared with the high step count category. Evidence of effect modification between screen time and step count was observed for BMI percentile. For instance, among adolescents with low screen use, medium step count was associated with a 1.55 higher BMI percentile, and low step count was associated with a 7.48 higher BMI percentile. However, among those with high screen use, step count categories did not significantly change the association with higher BMI percentile (low step count: 8.79 higher BMI percentile; medium step count: 8.76 higher BMI percentile; high step count: 8.26 higher BMI percentile). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, a combination of low screen time and high step count was associated with lower BMI percentile in adolescents. These results suggest that high step count may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with high screen time, and low screen time may not offset higher overweight or obesity risk for adolescents with low step count. These findings addressed several research gaps identified by the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report and may be used to inform future screen time and physical activity guidance for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Sana Alsamman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Christopher M. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Erin E. Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wing
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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22
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Nagata JM, Yu J, Dooley EE, Baker FC, Alsamman S, Wing D, Ganson KT, Pettee Gabriel K. Lower daily steps among U.S. adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Objective findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 31:102095. [PMID: 36567744 PMCID: PMC9762097 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erin E. Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Sana Alsamman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Wing
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0811, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, La Jolla University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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23
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Will the Construction of Sports Facilities Nudge People to Participate in Physical Exercises in China? The Moderating Role of Mental Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020219. [PMID: 36673586 PMCID: PMC9858653 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the nudging effect of the sports facility construction on physical exercise (PE) participation with consideration of the moderating role of mental health in China. Multiple linear regression models are used in this study. The subjects are 4634 from the 2014 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, which is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Chinese individuals. We find that the construction of sports facilities nudges people to participate in PE, and gender, age, and education significantly influence people's participation in PE. Young, female, and better-educated people compose the "neo-vulnerable" population, who participate less in PE in China and need more interventions. Mental health status has no significant effect on people's PE participation, while it negatively moderates the nudging effect of the construction of sports facilities on PE. The results of this study suggest that only building sporting facilities is insufficient to encourage PE participation. Policies and interventions should be given to mentally disturbed individuals to guarantee and magnify the nudging effect of sports facilities on PE.
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Crandall CJ, Larson J, Wiley Cene C, Bellettiere J, Laddu D, Jackson RD, Schumacher BT, Stefanick ML. Relationship of Social Connectedness With Decreasing Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Women Participating in the Women's Health Initiative Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:S22-S30. [PMID: 35596268 PMCID: PMC9129221 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is generally accompanied by decreasing physical activity (PA), which is associated with a decline in many health parameters, leading to recommendations for older adults to increase or at least maintain PA. METHODS We determined relationships between social connectedness and decreasing or increasing PA levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among 41 443 participants of the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study. Outcomes of logistic regression models were decreasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or increasing) and increasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or decreasing). The main predictor was social connectedness as a combined variable: not living alone (reference: living alone) and communicating with others outside the home more than once/week (reference: once/week or less). We adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, physical function level, and education. RESULTS Compared with participants who were not socially connected, socially connected participants had lower odds of decreasing PA (adjusted odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.95). Odds of increasing PA (vs decreasing or maintaining PA) were not significantly different among socially connected and not socially connected participants. Associations between social connectedness and decreasing PA did not significantly differ by age (<85 vs ≥85 years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs other races/ethnicity), education (college vs 75). CONCLUSION Social connectedness was associated with lower odds of decreasing PA among older women during the pandemic. These findings could inform the development of future interventions to help older women avoid decreasing PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph Larson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Crystal Wiley Cene
- Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois,USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin T Schumacher
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Center), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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25
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Raney JH, Testa A, Jackson DB, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent Screen Time and Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:1294-1299. [PMID: 35853601 PMCID: PMC9288265 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), adolescent screen time, and physical activity during the early COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data (2016-2020) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were analyzed. Linear regression analyses estimated associations between ACE score and screen time and physical activity in May 2020, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 6749 adolescent respondents primarily aged 12-13, 81.6% reported a history of one ACE or more. In adjusted models, a higher ACE score was significantly associated with greater hours per day of screen time, with youth with ≥4 ACEs associated with 2.3 more hours of screen time per day compared to youth with 0 ACEs. In addition, the adjusted models found that a higher ACE score was associated with lower physical activity; youth with ≥4 ACEs averaged 0.8 fewer hours per week of physical activity and 0.5 fewer days per week of 60 minutes of physical activity compared to youth with 0 ACEs. Gender and race were also significantly associated with changes in screen time and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are associated with higher adolescent sedentary behaviors, particularly greater screen time, during the early COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020). Clinicians caring for youth exposed to trauma in the postpandemic environment should explore screen time and physical activity behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (J Raney and J Nagata), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (A Testa), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health (DB Jackson), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work (KT Ganson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (J Raney and J Nagata), University of California, San Francisco
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26
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Gilbert AS, Jabbari J, Hernández R. How Do Perceived Changes in Child and Adolescent Activities Relate to Perceptions of Health during COVID-19? Exploring Heterogeneity during the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11206. [PMID: 36141476 PMCID: PMC9517598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected child/adolescent activities (e.g., extra-curricular, screen time), along with physical health (PH) and mental health (MH); however, less is known about the relationship between changes in activities and PH and MH in the United States and how these relationships vary by race/ethnicity. To address this gap, data were used from a national survey (Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Survey) administered May-June 2021 (n = 853). Multinomial logistic regression explored changes in outdoor, school, extracurricular, friend, and screen time activities with changes in PH and MH; interactions explored moderation by race/ethnicity. Results showed increases in outdoor (RRR 2.36, p = 0.003), school (RRR 3.07, p < 0.001), and extracurricular activities (RRR 3.05, p < 0.001), which were associated with increases in chances of better PH. Better MH was more likely for children/adolescents where friend activities (RRR 3.34, p < 0.001) and extracurriculars (RRR 4.48, p < 0.001) increased. Except for extracurriculars, heterogeneous relationships were observed (e.g., increases and decreases in activities were simultaneously related to better and worse health). The relationship between outdoor activities and screen time with health were moderated by race/ethnicity. Findings support facilitating outdoor, school, extracurricular, and friend activities, which were positively related to health. Given heterogeneity and variation by race/ethnicity, more research is needed to understand the complex relationship between activities and health during COVID-19.
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27
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Lee H, Vitiello D. Five-Year Trend in Adherence Rate to Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines among Korean Adults in Metropolitan Cities: 2016-2020 Korea Community Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159226. [PMID: 35954591 PMCID: PMC9368259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the five-year (2016−2020) trend in physical activity adherence rate (PAR)—before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic—and its association with socioeconomic status and community environment among Korean adults. Data were analyzed from the Korea Community Health Survey 2016−2020 concerning adults (19−65 years old) living in seven metropolitan municipalities of South Korea (N = 190,761). The independent variables were socioeconomic status (household income and educational attainment) and community environment (density of physical activity facilities and social cohesion), and the dependent variable was the PAR, as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, a recall-based subjective survey. Multilevel logistic regression models with age, sex, and body mass index as covariates were applied. The results showed that the PAR increased from 37.26% (2016) to 40.84% (2019), during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, but it sharply decreased to 31.59% (2020) during the COVID-19 confinement (trend p < 0.001); PAR disparities were observed following socioeconomic status, as indicated by household income (trend p < 0.001) and educational attainment (trend p < 0.001). Furthermore, significant moderation effects were observed from socioeconomic status and community environment, but the direction of the effects varied by indicator and COVID-19-related confinement period. Lower educational attainment and higher income were associated with a greater decrease in PAR during the pandemic. This study shows that PAR substantively decreased in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it had shown a steady increase through 2019. In addition, PAR disparities by socioeconomic status were found, and socioeconomic status and community environment had distinct influences on PAR trends, depending on their indicators and pre- and post-pandemic periods. Lower educational attainment is associated with greater decreases in PAR during the pandemic, suggesting the necessity for a public campaign to maintain a physically active lifestyle during such social disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lee
- Department of Sport and Health Promotion, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (I3SP-URP3625), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
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28
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Kim HR, Yang HM. COVID-19 Fear, Health Behaviors, and Subjective Health Status of Call Center Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159005. [PMID: 35897375 PMCID: PMC9331684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Fear may be critical in explaining individual and social behaviors. This study investigates the association between COVID-19 fear and health behavior and subjective health status changes of call center workers in the COVID-19 era. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with 339 call center workers. We measured COVID-19 fear, health behaviors, and subjective health, and analyzed with the Macnemar or paired t-test, ANOVA or χ2 test, Scheffe’s test, and multiple linear regression. Results: COVID-19 fear was associated with poor stress management, shorter sleep hours, and binge eating. Moreover, COVID-19 fear and time pressure at work were negatively associated with subjective health status. Conclusion: Strengthening the support system for call center workers to manage the COVID-19 fear might be essential. Moreover, there is a need to improve dense environments and reduce time pressure by ensuring adequate rest time and increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryoung Kim
- College of Nursing, ShinHan University, Dongducheon-si 11340, Korea;
| | - Hwa-Mi Yang
- Department of Nursing, Daejin University, Pocheon-si 11159, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-31-539-1878; Fax: +82-31-870-1719
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29
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Yourell J, Koskela-Staples N, Doty J, Fedele DA. Risk and Protective Factors for Physical Activity Engagement Among Adolescents With Comorbid Asthma and Obesity. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 48:39-50. [PMID: 35849004 PMCID: PMC9836345 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study identifies levels of physical activity (PA) engagement among adolescents with neither asthma nor overweight/obesity (OW/OB), one, or both conditions. Risk and protective factors are examined across groups. METHODS Data from 8th, 9th, and 11th graders were obtained from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 125,164). One-way analysis of variance was used to assess PA levels across risk groups. Linear regressions were used to examine patterns of risk and protective factors for adolescent PA engagement across four groups (neither asthma nor OW/OB, asthma only, OW/OB only, and comorbid asthma + OW/OB). Results were stratified by race/ethnicity. RESULTS Adolescents with OW/OB only or asthma + OW/OB had significantly lower PA levels than youth with asthma only or neither condition (M = 3.65-3.67 days/week, SD = 2.20 vs M = 4.15-4.19 days/week, SD = 2.16-2.17, p < .001). The following variables were associated with adolescent PA (p < .001): Adult community care across all risk groups (β ranges = .13-.16), depressive symptoms among those with neither and both asthma + OW/OB (β's = -.10), and extracurriculars among those with asthma + OW/OB (β = .10). Extracurriculars and parent connectedness were protective for Hispanic adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with OW/OB had significantly lower levels of PA compared to those without, regardless of asthma status. Individual and relational factors influenced adolescent PA. Future research investigating factors influencing adolescent PA should consider depressive symptoms, connectedness to adults in the community, non-sport-related extracurricular activity involvement, and address disparities among minoritized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqlyn Yourell
- All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jacqlyn Yourell, MS, Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, 3001 McCarty Hall D, PO Box 110310, Gainesville, FL 32611-0310, USA. E-mail:
| | | | - Jennifer Doty
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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30
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Nagata JM, Cortez CA, Iyer P, Dooley EE, Ganson KT, Conroy AA, Pettee Gabriel K. Parent-adolescent agreement in reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:332. [PMID: 35172771 PMCID: PMC8851835 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the agreement between parent- and adolescent- reports of adolescent moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and to determine sociodemographic factors associated with MVPA reporting differences during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data collected in May 2020 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD, N = 4841), a U.S. prospective cohort study. We quantified past weekly adolescent MVPA levels as reported by the parent and adolescent (referent). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the degree of agreement between parent- and adolescent- reports. RESULTS When quantifying adolescent MVPA during the same recall period, median (p25, p75) MVPA (h∙wk.- 1) was 2.17 (0.00, 6.00) as reported by adolescents and 1.52 (0.29, 4.75) by parents with a mean difference of 4.89. Statistically significant differences in reports of MVPA were found in households with income > $75,000: on average, adolescents reported higher MVPA levels than their parents. Bland-Altman plots illustrated that, among adolescents reporting no or little MVPA, there was higher parent-adolescent agreement. However, among adolescents reporting high levels of MVPA, there was less agreement between the parent- and adolescent- reports. CONCLUSIONS Despite more time spent together at home during the pandemic, there was generally low agreement between parent- and adolescent- reports of adolescent MVPA. Future research could examine parent-adolescent agreement of MVPA within the context of device-based measures (e.g., accelerometers), determine reasons for differences in parent-adolescent reporting of MVPA, and inform interventions for improved parental involvement and monitoring of MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
| | - Catherine A Cortez
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Puja Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy A Conroy
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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