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Lara-Topete GO, Castanier-Rivas JD, Bahena-Osorio MF, Krause S, Larsen JR, Loge FJ, Mahlknecht J, Gradilla-Hernández MS, González-López ME. Compounding one problem with another? A look at biodegradable microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173735. [PMID: 38857803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental concerns about microplastics (MPs) have motivated research of their sources, occurrence, and fate in aquatic and soil ecosystems. To mitigate the environmental impact of MPs, biodegradable plastics are designed to naturally decompose, thus reducing the amount of environmental plastic contamination. However, the environmental fate of biodegradable plastics and the products of their incomplete biodegradation, especially micro-biodegradable plastics (MBPs), remains largely unexplored. This comprehensive review aims to assess the risks of unintended consequences associated with the introduction of biodegradable plastics into the environment, namely, whether the incomplete mineralization of biodegradable plastics could enhance the risk of MBPs formation and thus, exacerbate the problem of their environmental dispersion, representing a potentially additional environmental hazard due to their presumed ecotoxicity. Initial evidence points towards the potential for incomplete mineralization of biodegradable plastics under both controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Rapid degradation of PLA in thermophilic industrial composting contrasts with the degradation below 50 % of other biodegradables, suggesting MBPs released into the environment through compost. Moreover, degradation rates of <60 % in anaerobic digestion for polymers other than PLA and PHAs suggest a heightened risk of MBPs in digestate, risking their spread into soil and water. This could increase MBPs and adsorbed pollutants' mobilization. The exact behavior and impacts of additive leachates from faster-degrading plastics remain largely unknown. Thus, assessing the environmental fate and impacts of MBPs-laden by-products like compost or digestate is crucial. Moreover, the ecotoxicological consequences of shifting from conventional plastics to biodegradable ones are highly uncertain, as there is insufficient evidence to claim that MBPs have a milder effect on ecosystem health. Indeed, literature shows that the impact may be worse depending on the exposed species, polymer type, and the ecosystem complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ossmar Lara-Topete
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Juan Daniel Castanier-Rivas
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Bahena-Osorio
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua R Larsen
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J Loge
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Martín Esteban González-López
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan, Jalisco 45138, Mexico.
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2
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La Fuente Arias CI, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Biodegradation behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) containing phenolic compounds in seawater in laboratory testing conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173920. [PMID: 38880150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation in marine medium of PHBV films with or without 5 % wt. of phenolic compounds (catechin, ferulic acid, and vanillin) was assessed at laboratory scale. Respirometric analyses and film disintegration kinetics were used to monitor the process over a period of 162 days. Structural changes in the films were analyzed throughout the exposure period using FESEM, DSC, Thermogravimetric analyses, XRD, and FTIR spectra. Respirometric tests showed complete biodegradation of all materials during the exposure period (the biodegradation half-time ranged between 63 and 79 days) but at different rates, depending on the phenolic compound incorporated. Ferulic acid and vanillin accelerate the PHBV biodegradation, whereas catechin delayed the process. Disintegration kinetics confirmed these results and showed that degradation occurred from the surface to the interior of the films. This was controlled by the degradation rate of the polymer amorphous phase and the formation of a biomass coating on the film surface. This is the result of the compounds generated by polymer degradation in combination with excretions from microorganisms. This coating has the potential to affect the enzyme diffusion to the polymer substrate. Moreover, the cohesion forces of the amorphous phase (reflected in its glass transition temperature) affected its degradation rate, while the slower degrading crystalline fragments were released, thus contributing to the disintegration process on the film's surface. Ferulic acid, with its hydrolytic effect, enhanced degradation, as did vanillin for its plasticizing and weakening effect in the amorphous phase of polymer matrix. In contrast, catechin with cross-linking effect hindered the progress of the material degradation, considerably slowing down the process rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I La Fuente Arias
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Food Engineering Research Institute (FoodUPV), 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Chelo González-Martínez
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Food Engineering Research Institute (FoodUPV), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Chiralt
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Food Engineering Research Institute (FoodUPV), 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Lavagnolo MC, Poli V, Zampini AM, Grossule V. Biodegradability of bioplastics in different aquatic environments: A systematic review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:169-181. [PMID: 38527882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Bioplastics were first introduced as environmentally friendly materials, with properties similar to those of conventional plastics. A bioplastic is defined as biodegradable if it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide under aerobic degradation, or methane and CO2 under anaerobic conditions, inorganic compounds, and new cellular biomass, by the action of naturally occurring microorganisms. This definition however does not provide any information on the environmental conditions, timescale and extent at which decomposition processes should occur. With regard to the aquatic environment, recognized standards have been established to assess the ability of plastics to undergo biodegradation; however, these standards fail to provide clear targets to be met to allow labelling of a bioplastic as biodegradable. Moreover, these standards grant the user an extensive leeway in the choice of process parameters. For these reasons, the comparison of results deriving from different studies is challenging. The authors analysed and discussed the degree of biodegradability of a series of biodegradable bioplastics in aquatic environments (both fresh and salt water) using the results obtained in the laboratory and from on-site testing in the context of different research studies. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), CO2 evolution, surface erosion and weight loss were the main parameters used by researchers to describe the percentage of biodegradation. The results showed a large variability both in weight loss and BOD, even when evaluating the same type of bioplastics. This confirms the need for a reference range of values to be established with regard to parameters applied in defining the biodegradability of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Lungargine Rovetta 8, Padova 35100, Italy.
| | - Valentina Poli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Lungargine Rovetta 8, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zampini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Lungargine Rovetta 8, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossule
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Lungargine Rovetta 8, Padova 35100, Italy
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4
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Pinaeva LG, Noskov AS. Biodegradable biopolymers: Real impact to environment pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174445. [PMID: 38981547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Biobased biodegradable polymers (BBP) derived from different renewable resources are commonly considered as attractive alternative to petroleum-based polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. It is because they can address the issues of serious environmental problems resulted from accumulation of plastic wastes. In the review current methods of obtaining of most abundant BBP, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), have been studied with an emphasis on the toxicity of compounds used for their production and additives improving consumer characteristics of PLA and PHB based market products. Substantial part of additives was the same used for traditional polymers. Analysis of the data on the response of different organisms and plants on exposure to these materials and their degradation products confirmed the doubts about real safety of BBP. Studies of safer additives are scarce and are of vital importance. Meanwhile, technologies of recycling of traditional petroleum-based polymers were shown to be well-developed, which cannot be said about PLA or PHB based polymers, and their blends with petroleum-based polymers. Therefore, development of more environmentally friendly components and sustainable technologies of production are necessary before following market expansion of biobased biodegradable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa G Pinaeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr S Noskov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Read T, Chan CM, Chaléat C, Laycock B, Pratt S, Lant P. The effect of additives on the biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in marine field trials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172771. [PMID: 38670377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of conventional fossil fuel-derived plastics in marine ecosystems has raised significant environmental concerns. Biodegradable plastics are being explored as an alternative. This study investigates the biodegradation behaviour in two marine environments of melt-extruded sheets of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) bioplastic as well as blends of PHBV with a non-toxic plasticiser (triethyl citrate, TEC) and composites of PHBV with wood flour. Samples were submerged for up to 35 weeks in two subtropical marine conditions: on the sandy seabed in the sublittoral benthic zone and the sandy seabed of an open air mesocosm with pumped seawater. Rates of biodegradation, lag times and times to 95 % mass loss (T95) were determined through mass loss data and Gompertz modelling. Mechanisms of biodegradation were studied through changes in molecular weight, mechanical properties and surface features. Results reveal a rapid biodegradation rate for all PHBV samples, demonstrating a range of specific biodegradation rates relative to exposed surface area of 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.09 ± 0.04 mg.d-1.cm-2. This rapid rate of biodegradation meant that the subtle variations in biodegradation mechanisms across different sample thicknesses and additive compositions had little effect on overall lifetimes, with the T95 for most samples being around 250-350 days, regardless of site, highlighting the robust biodegradability of PHBV in seawater. It was only the PHBV-wood flour composite that showed faster biodegradation, and that was only in the exposed ocean site. The mesocosm site was otherwise shown to be a good model for the open ocean, with very comparable biodegradation rates and changes in mechanical properties over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Read
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Clement Matthew Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Céline Chaléat
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Sánchez-Pineda PA, López-Pacheco IY, Villalba-Rodríguez AM, Godínez-Alemán JA, González-González RB, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Enhancing the production of PHA in Scenedesmus sp. by the addition of green synthesized nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus-doped carbon dots. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:77. [PMID: 38835059 PMCID: PMC11149319 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plastic consumption has increased globally, and environmental issues associated with it have only gotten more severe; as a result, the search for environmentally friendly alternatives has intensified. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), as biopolymers produced by microalgae, might be an excellent option; however, large-scale production is a relevant barrier that hinders their application. Recently, innovative materials such as carbon dots (CDs) have been explored to enhance PHA production sustainably. This study added green synthesized multi-doped CDs to Scenedesmus sp. microalgae cultures to improve PHA production. Prickly pear was selected as the carbon precursor for the hydrothermally synthesized CDs doped with nitrogen, phosphorous, and nitrogen-phosphorous elements. CDs were characterized by different techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, ζ potential, UV-Vis, and XRD. They exhibited a semi-crystalline structure with high concentrations of carboxylic groups on their surface and other elements, such as copper and phosphorus. A medium without nitrogen and phosphorous was used as a control to compare CDs-enriched mediums. Cultures regarding biomass growth, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and PHA content were analyzed. The obtained results demonstrated that CDs-enriched cultures produced higher content of biomass and PHA; CDs-enriched cultures presented an increase of 26.9% in PHA concentration and an increase of 32% in terms of cell growth compared to the standard cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
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7
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Talekar S, Barrow CJ, Nguyen HC, Zolfagharian A, Zare S, Farjana SH, Macreadie PI, Ashraf M, Trevathan-Tackett SM. Using waste biomass to produce 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures for coastal ecosystem restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171728. [PMID: 38492597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The loss of ecosystem functions and services caused by rapidly declining coastal marine ecosystems, including corals and bivalve reefs and wetlands, around the world has sparked significant interest in interdisciplinary methods to restore these ecologically and socially important ecosystems. In recent years, 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures that mimic natural life stages or habitat have emerged as a promising method for coastal marine restoration. The effectiveness of this method relies on the availability of low-cost biodegradable printing polymers and the development of 3D-printed biomimetic structures that efficiently support the growth of plant and sessile animal species without harming the surrounding ecosystem. In this context, we present the potential and pathway for utilizing low-cost biodegradable biopolymers from waste biomass as printing materials to fabricate 3D-printed biodegradable artificial structures for restoring coastal marine ecosystems. Various waste biomass sources can be used to produce inexpensive biopolymers, particularly those with the higher mechanical rigidity required for 3D-printed artificial structures intended to restore marine ecosystems. Advancements in 3D printing methods, as well as biopolymer modifications and blending to address challenges like biopolymer solubility, rheology, chemical composition, crystallinity, plasticity, and heat stability, have enabled the fabrication of robust structures. The ability of 3D-printed structures to support species colonization and protection was found to be greatly influenced by their biopolymer type, surface topography, structure design, and complexity. Considering limited studies on biodegradability and the effect of biodegradation products on marine ecosystems, we highlight the need for investigating the biodegradability of biopolymers in marine conditions as well as the ecotoxicity of the degraded products. Finally, we present the challenges, considerations, and future perspectives for designing tunable biomimetic 3D-printed artificial biodegradable structures from waste biomass biopolymers for large-scale coastal marine restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Talekar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Green Chemistry in Manufacturing, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Green Chemistry in Manufacturing, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Hoang Chinh Nguyen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Shahab Zare
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Mahmud Ashraf
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Stacey M Trevathan-Tackett
- Deakin Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Chai YJ, Syauqi TA, Sudesh K, Ee TL, Ban CC, Kar Mun AC, Anne Strain EM, Merican F, Rahim MA, Md Salleh K, Yin CS. Effects of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] coating on the bacterial communities of artificial structures. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300929. [PMID: 38635673 PMCID: PMC11025745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The expanding urbanization of coastal areas has led to increased ocean sprawl, which has had both physical and chemical adverse effects on marine and coastal ecosystems. To maintain the health and functionality of these ecosystems, it is imperative to develop effective solutions. One such solution involves the use of biodegradable polymers as bioactive coatings to enhance the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal infrastructures. Our study aimed to explore two main objectives: (1) investigate PHA-degrading bacteria on polymer-coated surfaces and in surrounding seawater, and (2) comparing biofilm colonization between surfaces with and without the polymer coating. We applied poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)) coatings on concrete surfaces at concentrations of 1% and 6% w/v, with varying numbers of coating cycles (1, 3, and 6). Our findings revealed that the addition of P(3HB) indeed promoted accelerated biofilm growth on the coated surfaces, resulting in an occupied area approximately 50% to 100% larger than that observed in the negative control. This indicates a remarkable enhancement, with the biofilm expanding at a rate roughly 1.5 to 2 times faster than the untreated surfaces. We observed noteworthy distinctions in biofilm growth patterns based on varying concentration and number of coating cycles. Interestingly, treatments with low concentration and high coating cycles exhibited comparable biofilm enhancements to those with high concentrations and low coating cycles. Further investigation into the bacterial communities responsible for the degradation of P(3HB) coatings identified mostly common and widespread strains but found no relation between the concentration and coating cycles. Nevertheless, this microbial degradation process was found to be highly efficient, manifesting noticeable effects within a single month. While these initial findings are promising, it's essential to conduct tests under natural conditions to validate the applicability of this approach. Nonetheless, our study represents a novel and bio-based ecological engineering strategy for enhancing the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jean Chai
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Taufiq Ahmad Syauqi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tan Leng Ee
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Chee Ban
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Chong Kar Mun
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Elisabeth Marijke Anne Strain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chee Su Yin
- Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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9
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Sabatino R, Zullo R, Di Cesare A, Piscia R, Musazzi S, Corno G, Volta P, Galafassi S. Traditional and biodegradable plastics host distinct and potentially more hazardous microbes when compared to both natural materials and planktonic community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133166. [PMID: 38101010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles are persistent micropollutants that provide a substrate for the growth of bacterial biofilms, posing a threat to the environment. This study explores the changes in commercially available food containers made of conventional (polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalate PET), innovative biodegradable (Mater-Bi) and natural (wood and cellulose) materials, when introduced in the surface waters of Lake Maggiore for 43 days. Spectral changes revealed by FT-IR spectroscopy in PET and Mater-Bi, and changes in thermal properties of all human-made material tested indicated a degradation process occurred during environmental exposure. Despite similar bacterial richness, biofilms on PET, PP, and Mater-Bi differed from natural material biofilms and the planktonic community. Human-made material communities showed a higher proportion of potential pathogens, with PET and PP also exhibiting increased abundances of antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, these findings stress the need for dedicated strategies to curb the spread of human-made polymers in freshwaters, including innovative materials that, due to their biodegradable properties, might be perceived less hazardous for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Zullo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Roberta Piscia
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Simona Musazzi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Pietro Volta
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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10
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Ali Z, Abdullah M, Yasin MT, Amanat K, Ahmad K, Ahmed I, Qaisrani MM, Khan J. Organic waste-to-bioplastics: Conversion with eco-friendly technologies and approaches for sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117949. [PMID: 38109961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics poses a threat to humans, wildlife, marine life and the environment. Given the magnitude of eventual depletion of petrochemical sources and global environmental pollution caused by the manufacturing of synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polypropylene (PP), it is essential to develop and adopt biopolymers as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic plastics. Research into bioplastics has been gaining traction as a way to create a more sustainable and eco-friendlier environment with a reduced environmental impact. Biodegradable bioplastics can have the same characteristics as traditional plastics while also offering additional benefits due to their low carbon footprint. Therefore, using organic waste from biological origin for bioplastic production not only reduces our reliance on edible feedstock but can also effectively assist with solid waste management. This review aims at providing an in-depth overview on recent developments in bioplastic-producing microorganisms, production procedures from various organic wastes using either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), microalgae, and chemical extraction methods. Low production yield and production costs are still the major bottlenecks to their deployment at industrial and commercial scale. However, their production and commercialization pose a significant challenge despite such potential. The major constraints are their production in small quantity, poor mechanical strength, lack of facilities and costly feed for industrial-scale production. This review further explores several methods for producing bioplastics with the aim of encouraging researchers and investors to explore ways to utilize these renewable resources in order to commercialize degradable bioplastics. Challenges, future prospects and Life cycle assessment of bioplastics are also highlighted. Utilizing a variety of bioplastics obtained from renewable and cost-effective sources (e.g., organic waste, agro-industrial waste, or microalgae) and determining the pertinent end-of-life option (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion) may lead towards the right direction that assures the sustainable production of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Kinza Amanat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266404, P.R. China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, PR China
| | - Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jallat Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan; Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
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11
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Nik Mut NN, Na J, Jung J. A review on fate and ecotoxicity of biodegradable microplastics in aquatic system: Are biodegradable plastics truly safe for the environment? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123399. [PMID: 38242301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products are extensively used worldwide, but inadequate management of plastic waste results in significant plastic pollution. Biodegradable plastic (BPs) offers an alternative to traditional plastics, however, not all BPs can fully degrade under natural conditions. Instead, they may deteriorate into biodegradable microplastic (BMPs) at a faster rate than conventional plastic, thereby posing an additional hazard to aquatic environments. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the fate of BPs in aquatic systems and their eco-toxicological effects on aquatic organisms such as algae, invertebrates, and fish. The findings highlight that BMPs have comparable or heightened effects compared to conventional microplastics (MPs) which physiochemical characteristic of the polymer itself or by the chemical leached from the polymeric matrix can affect aquatic organisms. While BPs is not a flawless solution to address plastic pollution, future research should prioritize investigating their production, environmental behavior, ecological impact, and whether BMPs inflict greater harm than conventional MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nurhidayu Nik Mut
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Briassoulis D, Pikasi A, Papardaki NG, Mistriotis A. Biodegradation of plastics in the pelagic environment of the coastal zone - Proposed test method under controlled laboratory conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168889. [PMID: 38016566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing quantities of plastic litter accumulated in the oceans, including microplastics, represent a serious environmental threat. Despite the recent legislative actions, the plastic littering problem will not disappear in a short time. It may, however be ameliorated by replacing conventional non-degradable plastics with bio-based materials biodegradable in marine environment (targeting the non-recycled or mismanaged plastic waste). Although priority is set to prevention of plastic litter by means of the circular economy principles, biodegradability is a means of controlling unintentional plastic pollution. In this effort, the development of reliable test methods that would be used along with standard specifications for determining the biodegradability of novel polymeric materials or plastics in marine environments, is a necessary complementary component of the whole strategy to control the marine plastic litter and micro-, nano-plastics threat. The present work focuses on identifying gaps and improving available laboratory test methods for measuring the aerobic biodegradation of plastics in the seawater column within the coastal zone (pelagic environment). The research work followed a methodology that is based on recommendations of ASTM D6691:2017 concerning biodegradation of plastics in the seawater and the similar ISO 23977-1:2020. Three different implementation schemes of the test method were applied using different experimental setups and measuring techniques for monitoring the evolved CO2. The effect of critical parameters affecting nutrient adequacy (concentration in inoculum) and oxygen adequacy (bioreactor size, sample size, frequency of aeration) on the biodegradation of four tested materials was explored, and optimal values are proposed. The results allowed for the refinement of the proposed test method to improve reliability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetres Briassoulis
- Department of Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Pikasi
- Department of Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Georgia Papardaki
- Department of Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Antonis Mistriotis
- Department of Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
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13
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Nizamuddin S, Chen C. Biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics: chemical nature, biodegradation pathways and environmental strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8387-8399. [PMID: 38177642 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing pollution of plastic waste is one of the major global environmental threats, deteriorating our land, water and air. The shift towards biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics is considered a green alternative to petroleum-based plastic due to its renewable source or biodegradability. However, there is a misconception about biodegradable plastics and their degradability and behaviour after service life. Biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics offer various benefits such as less carbon footprint, energy efficiency, independence and eco-safety. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages such as higher cost, limited recycling, misuse of terms and lack of legislation. Also, there is an urgent need for comparable international standard methods to define these materials as biodegradable material, or biocompostable material. There are some standards currently available, however, an in-depth detail and explanation of these standards is still missing. This review outlines the basic definition and chemical structure of biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics; describes the degradation pathways of biodegradable and compostable plastics; and summarises current key applications of these materials together with possible future applications in different industries. Finally, strategies are developed for minimising the environmental impacts and the need for future research is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzoi Nizamuddin
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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14
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Bhalerao A, Dueker U, Weber M, Eich A, Lott C, Endres HJ, Nogueira R. Bacterial diversity of biofilms on polyhydroxybutyrate exposed to marine conditions: Ex-situ vs. in-situ tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167458. [PMID: 37777124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms form on any available surface and, depending on the characteristics of the material and the environmental conditions, biodegradation can take place. We compared the bacterial composition of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-related biofilm communities from marine ex-situ and in-situ tests to assess the differences in diversity and abundance between these two biofilms. This comparison will help to better assess the transferability of tank tests to real-life scenarios. The in-situ tests were set up in the Mediterranean Sea on the Island of Elba, Italy where PHB-tensile bars were lodged in the sediments. This created a water-exposed aerobic and mud-planted anaerobic scenario. The ex-situ tests were modeled after in-situ tests and performed in temperature-controlled tanks. The PHB-related biofilms were harvested after 240 days of exposure along with planktonic bacteria, and particle- and sediment-related biofilm. The bacterial composition was elucidated using 16S rDNA sequencing. Biofilms harvested from the in-situ test were more diverse, less even, and contained more rare species compared to biofilms from the ex-situ test. The PHB-related biofilm was characterized by a higher abundance of the bacterial order Desulfobacterales. The composition of PHB-related biofilm varied significantly between the two tests and between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The composition of PHB-related biofilm was significantly different from planktonic bacteria, particle, and sediment-related biofilm, showing the influence of PHB on the biofilm composition. Thus, the ex-situ tank test for PHB degradation cannot, in terms of bacterial composition, simulate the in-situ conditions to their full extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Bhalerao
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Urda Dueker
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Weber
- HYDRA Marine Sciences GmbH, Steinfeldweg 15, 77815 Bühl, Germany
| | - Andreas Eich
- HYDRA Marine Sciences GmbH, Steinfeldweg 15, 77815 Bühl, Germany
| | - Christian Lott
- HYDRA Marine Sciences GmbH, Steinfeldweg 15, 77815 Bühl, Germany
| | - Hans Josef Endres
- Institute for Plastics and Circulation Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Regina Nogueira
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Amornsakchai T, Duangsuwan S. Upcycling of HDPE Milk Bottles into High-Stiffness, High-HDT Composites with Pineapple Leaf Waste Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4697. [PMID: 38139950 PMCID: PMC10747472 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainability and reduced dependence on new plastic materials, this study explores the upcycling potential of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) milk bottles into high-stiffness, high-heat-distortion-temperature (HDT) composites. Recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) sourced from used milk bottles serves as the composite matrix, while reinforcing fillers are derived from dried pineapple leaves, comprising fibers (PALF) and non-fibrous materials (NFM). A two-roll mixer is employed to prepare rHDPE/NFM and rHDPE/PALF mixtures, facilitating filler alignment in the resulting prepreg. The prepreg is subsequently stacked and pressed into composite sheets. The introduction of PALF as a reinforcing filler significantly enhances the flexural strength and modulus of the rHDPE composite. A 20 wt.% PALF content yields a remarkable 162% increase in flexural strength and a 204% increase in modulus compared to neat rHDPE. The rHDPE/NFM composite also shows improved mechanical properties, albeit to a lesser degree than fiber reinforcement. Both composites exhibit a slight reduction in impact resistance. Notably, the addition of NFM or PALF substantially elevates HDT, raising the HDT values of the composites to approximately 84 °C and 108 °C, respectively, in contrast to the 71 °C HDT of neat rHDPE. Furthermore, the overall properties of both the composites are further enhanced by improving their compatibility through maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene (MAPE) use. Impact fracture surfaces of both composites reveal higher compatibility and clear alignment of NFM and PALF fillers, underscoring the enhanced performance and environmental friendliness of composites produced from recycled plastics reinforced with pineapple leaf waste fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweechai Amornsakchai
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- TEAnity Team Co., Ltd., 40/494 Soi Navamintra 111, Khet Bueng Kum, Bangkok 10230, Thailand
| | - Sorn Duangsuwan
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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16
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Hachisuka SI, Sakurai T, Mizuno S, Kosuge K, Endo S, Ishii-Hyakutake M, Miyahara Y, Yamazaki M, Tsuge T. Isolation and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-degrading bacteria in seawater at two different depths from Suruga Bay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0148823. [PMID: 37855636 PMCID: PMC10686062 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01488-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a highly biodegradable microbial polyester, even in marine environments. In this study, we incorporated an enrichment culture-like approach in the process of isolating marine PHA-degrading bacteria. The resulting 91 isolates were suggested to fall into five genera (Alloalcanivorax, Alteromonas, Arenicella, Microbacterium, and Pseudoalteromonas) based on 16S rRNA analysis, including two novel genera (Arenicella and Microbacterium) as marine PHA-degrading bacteria. Microbacterium schleiferi (DSM 20489) and Alteromonas macleodii (NBRC 102226), the type strains closest to the several isolates, have an extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] depolymerase homolog that does not fit a marine-type domain composition. However, A. macleodii exhibited no PHA degradation ability, unlike M. schleiferi. This result demonstrates that the isolated Alteromonas spp. are different species from A. macleodii. P(3HB) depolymerase homologs in the genus Alteromonas should be scrutinized in the future, particularly about which ones work as the depolymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Hachisuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakurai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoji Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Kosuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Endo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manami Ishii-Hyakutake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Yamazaki
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Fishery and Ocean, Iwashigashima, Yaizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Saleem M, Yahya S, Razzak SA, Khawaja S, Ali A. Shotgun metagenomics and computational profiling of the plastisphere microbiome: unveiling the potential of enzymatic production and plastic degradation. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:359. [PMID: 37884755 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most resilient types of pollution and is considered a global environmental threat, particularly in the marine environment. This study aimed to identify plastic-degrading bacteria from the plastisphere and their pharmaceutical and therapeutic potential. We collected samples from soil and aquatic plastisphere to identify the bacterial communities using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic tools. Results showed that the microbiome comprised 93% bacteria, 0.29% archaea, and 3.87% unidentified microbes. Of these 93% of bacteria, 54% were Proteobacteria, 23.9% were Firmicutes, 13% were Actinobacteria, and 2.1% were other phyla. We found that the plastisphere microbiome was involved in degrading synthetic and polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) plastic, biosurfactant production, and can thrive under high temperatures. However, no association existed between thermophiles, synthetic plastic or PHA degraders, and biosurfactant-producing bacterial species except for Pseudomonas. Other plastisphere inhabiting plastic degrading microbes include Streptomyces, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Thermobifida, and Thermomonospora. However, the plastisphere microbiome showed potential for producing secondary metabolites that were found to act as anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and enzyme stabilizers. These results revealed that the plastisphere microbiome upholds clinical and environmental significance as it can open future portals in a multi-directional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto University of Science and Technology, Karachi, 75600, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Saira Yahya
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto University of Science and Technology, Karachi, 75600, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Safina Abdul Razzak
- Department of Bioscience, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Shariqa Khawaja
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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18
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Zhang S, Li Y, Jiang L, Han W, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Li J, Shi W, Zhang X. Organic fertilizer facilitates the soil microplastic surface degradation and enriches the diversity of bacterial biofilm. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132139. [PMID: 37517233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The land-use of organic fertilizers is considered as an important sustainable method for resource utilization, which may have an impact on the microplastic behaviors in the soil. Here, a 240-d dark culture experiment was conducted to reveal the degradation and biofilm characteristics of degradable and refractory granule microplastics in soil and soil-fertilizer systems. The results indicated that microplastics generally exhibited a weak weight loss as well as a specific etiolation on the surface after the culture, especially polyvinyl-chloride and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Increase in carbon-oxygen functional groups and the changes of oxygen/carbon ratios were noticed, which implied that oxidation and degradation occurred on the surface of microplastics during the cultural process. The changes were more intense on the degradable PHA, and the fertilized-soil treatment than those of the refractory microplastics and the pure soil. Moreover, the addition of organic fertilizers enriched the community diversity of bacterial biofilm on multiple microplastic surfaces. In this regard, the animal fertilizers provided a stronger effect than the plant fertilizers. Overall, the soil, fertilizer and microplastic types affected the community structure and diversity of bacterial biofilm. The outcomes of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of organic matters for agricultural soil applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenzhuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Extension Service Station, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Jeon Y, Jin H, Kong Y, Cha HG, Lee BW, Yu K, Yi B, Kim HT, Joo JC, Yang YH, Lee J, Jung SK, Park SH, Park K. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Degradation by Bacillus infantis sp. Isolated from Soil and Identification of phaZ and bdhA Expressing PHB Depolymerase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1076-1083. [PMID: 37311705 PMCID: PMC10468675 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastic. Effective PHB degradation in nutrient-poor environments is required for industrial and practical applications of PHB. To screen for PHB-degrading strains, PHB double-layer plates were prepared and three new Bacillus infantis species with PHB-degrading ability were isolated from the soil. In addition, phaZ and bdhA of all isolated B. infantis were confirmed using a Bacillus sp. universal primer set and established polymerase chain reaction conditions. To evaluate the effective PHB degradation ability under nutrient-deficient conditions, PHB film degradation was performed in mineral medium, resulting in a PHB degradation rate of 98.71% for B. infantis PD3, which was confirmed in 5 d. Physical changes in the degraded PHB films were analyzed. The decrease in molecular weight due to biodegradation was confirmed using gel permeation chromatography and surface erosion of the PHB film was observed using scanning electron microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on B. infantis showing its excellent PHB degradation ability and is expected to contribute to PHB commercialization and industrial composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Jeon
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeJi Jin
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjung Kong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Geun Cha
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Yu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Byongson Yi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbok Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Jung
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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20
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Le Gué L, Davies P, Arhant M, Vincent B, Tanguy E. Mitigating plastic pollution at sea: Natural seawater degradation of a sustainable PBS/PBAT marine rope. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115216. [PMID: 37437477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the use of a PBS/PBAT biodegradable rope to reduce the environmental impact of fishing gear lost at sea. The study aims to better understand the degradation mechanisms that the rope and its monofilaments may encounter due to the long term exposure to seawater. The monofilaments were immersed in natural seawater for up to 18 months, and rope samples were also immersed to study aging at a larger scale and evaluate the ability of a modelling tool to predict initial and aged states of the rope. At low temperatures, no loss of properties was observed for the monofilament and rope. However, at higher temperatures, biodegradation and hydrolysis processes were observed, leading to a faster loss of properties in the monofilament compared to the rope. The modelling tool provided conservative predictions due to severe mechanical test conditions of aged monofilament and a degradation gradient within the rope structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Le Gué
- Ifremer RDT, Research and Technology Development Unit, 1625 route de Sainte-Anne, Plouzané, 29280, France; DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro, Lorient, 56325, France.
| | - Peter Davies
- Ifremer RDT, Research and Technology Development Unit, 1625 route de Sainte-Anne, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Mael Arhant
- Ifremer RDT, Research and Technology Development Unit, 1625 route de Sainte-Anne, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Benoit Vincent
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro, Lorient, 56325, France
| | - Erwan Tanguy
- Le Drezen, 12 rue de Kélareun, Le Guilvinec, 29730, France
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21
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Martínez MDLÁM, Urzúa LS, Carrillo YA, Ramírez MB, Morales LJM. Polyhydroxybutyrate Metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense and Its Applications, a Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3027. [PMID: 37514417 PMCID: PMC10383645 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative Azospirillum brasilense accumulates approximately 80% of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as dry cell weight. For this reason, this bacterium has been characterized as one of the main microorganisms that produce PHB. PHB is synthesized inside bacteria by the polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyrate monomers. In this review, we are focusing on the analysis of the PHB production by A. brasilense in order to understand the metabolism during PHB accumulation. First, the carbon and nitrogen sources used to improve PHB accumulation are discussed. A. brasilense accumulates more PHB when it is grown on a minimal medium containing a high C/N ratio, mainly from malate and ammonia chloride, respectively. The metabolic pathways to accumulate and mobilize PHB in A. brasilense are mentioned and compared with those of other microorganisms. Next, we summarize the available information to understand the role of the genes involved in the regulation of PHB metabolism as well as the role of PHB in the physiology of Azospirillum. Finally, we made a comparison between the properties of PHB and polypropylene, and we discussed some applications of PHB in biomedical and commercial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Los Ángeles Martínez Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 24 Sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Lucía Soto Urzúa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 24 Sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Yovani Aguilar Carrillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 24 Sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Mirian Becerril Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 24 Sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Luis Javier Martínez Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 24 Sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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22
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Yokoyama D, Takamura A, Tsuboi Y, Kikuchi J. Large-scale omics dataset of polymer degradation provides robust interpretation for microbial niche and succession on different plastisphere. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:67. [PMID: 37400632 PMCID: PMC10317964 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
While biodegradable polymers have received increased attention due to the recent marine plastic problem, few studies have compared microbiomes and their degradation processes among biodegradable polymers. In this study, we set up prompt evaluation systems for polymer degradation, allowing us to collect 418 microbiome and 125 metabolome samples to clarify the microbiome and metabolome differences according to degradation progress and polymer material (polycaprolactone [PCL], polybutylene succinate-co-adipate [PBSA], polybutylene succinate [PBS], polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate [PBAT], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [PHBH]). The microbial community compositions were converged to each polymer material, and the largest differences were observed between PHBH and other polymers. Such gaps were probably formed primarily by the presence of specific hydrolase genes (i.e., 3HB depolymerase, lipase, and cutinase) in the microorganisms. Time-series sampling suggested several steps for microbial succession: (1) initial microbes decrease abruptly after incubation starts; (2) microbes, including polymer degraders, increase soon after the start of incubation and show an intermediate peak; (3) microbes, including biofilm constructers, increase their abundance gradually. Metagenome prediction showed functional changes, where free-swimming microbes with flagella adhered stochastically onto the polymer, and certain microbes started to construct a biofilm. Our large-dataset-based results provide robust interpretations for biodegradable polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayari Takamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0810, Japan.
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23
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Pooja N, Chakraborty I, Rahman MH, Mazumder N. An insight on sources and biodegradation of bioplastics: a review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:220. [PMID: 37265543 PMCID: PMC10230146 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Durability and affordability are two main reasons for the widespread consumption of plastic in the world. However, the inability of these materials to undergo degradation has become a significant threat to the environment and human health To address this issue, bioplastics have emerged as a promising alternative. Bioplastics are obtained from renewable and sustainable biomass and have a lower carbon footprint and emit fewer greenhouse gases than petroleum-based plastics. The use of these bioplastics sourced from renewable biomass can also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, which are limited in availability. This review provides an elaborate comparison of biodegradation rates of potential bioplastics in soil from various sources such as biomass, microorganisms, and monomers. These bioplastics show great potential as a replacement for conventional plastics due to their biodegradable and diverse properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nag Pooja
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Quality Control and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Sciences and Safety, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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24
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G Engler L, Farias NC, S Crespo J, Gately NM, Major I, Pezzoli R, Devine DM. Designing Sustainable Polymer Blends: Tailoring Mechanical Properties and Degradation Behaviour in PHB/PLA/PCL Blends in a Seawater Environment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2874. [PMID: 37447519 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters are a popular choice for both packaging and medical device manufacture owing to their ability to break down into harmless components once they have completed their function. However, commonly used polyesters such as poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL), while readily available and have a relatively low price compared to other biodegradable polyesters, do not meet the degradation profiles required for many applications. As such, this study aimed to determine if the mechanical and degradation properties of biodegradable polymers could be tailored by blending different polymers. The seawater degradation mechanisms were evaluated, revealing surface erosion and bulk degradation in the blends. The extent of degradation was found to be dependent on the specific chemical composition of the polymer and the blend ratio, with degradation occurring via hydrolytic, enzymatic, oxidative, or physical pathways. PLA presents the highest tensile strength (67 MPa); the addition of PHB and PCL increased the flexibility of the samples; however, the tensile strength reduced to 25.5 and 18 MPa for the blends 30/50/20 and 50/25/25, respectively. Additionally, PCL presented weight loss of up to 10 wt.% and PHB of up to 6 wt.%; the seawater degradation in the blends occurs by bulk and surface erosion. The blending process facilitated the flexibility of the blends, enabling their use in diverse industrial applications such as medical devices and packaging. The proposed methodology produced biodegradable blends with tailored properties within a seawater environment. Additionally, further tests that fully track the biodegradation process should be put in place; incorporating compatibilizers might promote the miscibility of different polymers, improving their mechanical properties and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo G Engler
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Naiara C Farias
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Janaina S Crespo
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Noel M Gately
- Applied Polymer Technologies Gateway, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Romina Pezzoli
- Applied Polymer Technologies Gateway, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Declan M Devine
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, University Road, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
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25
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Barreira-Pinto R, Carneiro R, Miranda M, Guedes RM. Polymer-Matrix Composites: Characterising the Impact of Environmental Factors on Their Lifetime. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113913. [PMID: 37297046 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-matrix composites are widely used in engineering applications. Yet, environmental factors impact their macroscale fatigue and creep performances significantly, owing to several mechanisms acting at the microstructure level. Herein, we analyse the effects of water uptake that are responsible for swelling and, over time and in enough quantity, for hydrolysis. Seawater, due to a combination of high salinity and pressures, low temperature and biotic media present, also contributes to the acceleration of fatigue and creep damage. Similarly, other liquid corrosive agents penetrate into cracks induced by cyclic loading and cause dissolution of the resin and breakage of interfacial bonds. UV radiation either increases the crosslinking density or scissions chains, embrittling the surface layer of a given matrix. Temperature cycles close to the glass transition damage the fibre-matrix interface, promoting microcracking and hindering fatigue and creep performance. The microbial and enzymatic degradation of biopolymers is also studied, with the former responsible for metabolising specific matrices and changing their microstructure and/or chemical composition. The impact of these environmental factors is detailed for epoxy, vinyl ester and polyester (thermoset); polypropylene, polyamide and poly etheretherketone (thermoplastic); and for poly lactic acid, thermoplastic starch and polyhydroxyalkanoates (biopolymers). Overall, the environmental factors mentioned hamper the fatigue and creep performances, altering the mechanical properties of the composite or causing stress concentrations through microcracks, promoting earlier failure. Future studies should focus on other matrices beyond epoxy as well as on the development of standardised testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Barreira-Pinto
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Carneiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Miranda
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Miranda Guedes
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INEGI-Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Shi M, Xie Q, Li ZL, Pan YF, Yuan Z, Lin L, Xu XR, Li HX. Adsorption of heavy metals on biodegradable and conventional microplastics in the Pearl River Estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121158. [PMID: 36716949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microplastics (MPs) as emerging carriers for environmental pollutants have attracted increasing worldwide attention. However, the adsorption of heavy metals on MPs, especially for biodegradable MPs, has been still poorly understood in estuarine environments. In this study, we investigated the aging of biodegradable and conventional MPs in the Pearl River Estuary after long-term exposure and their impacts on the adsorption of heavy metals from seawater. The results showed that the changes in surface characteristics were more prominent on biodegradable MPs than on conventional MPs after aging. Both biodegradable and conventional MPs could adsorb heavy metals, and their adsorption capacities fluctuated greatly on different MPs and different exposure times. The adsorption capacities of Cu, Pb, and As on biodegradable MPs were higher than those on conventional MPs, whereas Mn, Cr, and Co had lower adsorption on biodegradable MPs after 9-12 months by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The aging characteristics (CI, O/C, and Xc) of MPs accounted for a contribution of 51.0% on heavy metal adsorption, while the environmental factors (temperature, salinity, pH, and heavy metal concentration) only contributed to 13.2%. Therefore, the present study can provide important evidence on the environmental behaviors and ecological risks of biodegradable and conventional MPs in estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qun Xie
- Analytical and Testing Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhen-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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27
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Zappaterra F, Renzi M, Piccardo M, Spennato M, Asaro F, Di Serio M, Vitiello R, Turco R, Todea A, Gardossi L. Understanding Marine Biodegradation of Bio-Based Oligoesters and Plasticizers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061536. [PMID: 36987316 PMCID: PMC10054732 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reports the enzymatic synthesis of bio-based oligoesters and chemo-enzymatic processes for obtaining epoxidized bioplasticizers and biolubricants starting from cardoon seed oil. All of the molecules had MW below 1000 g mol-1 and were analyzed in terms of marine biodegradation. The data shed light on the effects of the chemical structure, chemical bond lability, thermal behavior, and water solubility on biodegradation. Moreover, the analysis of the biodegradation of the building blocks that constituted the different bio-based products allowed us to distinguish between different chemical and physicochemical factors. These hints are of major importance for the rational eco-design of new benign bio-based products. Overall, the high lability of ester bonds was confirmed, along with the negligible effect of the presence of epoxy rings on triglyceride structures. The biodegradation data clearly indicated that the monomers/building blocks undergo a much slower process of abiotic or biotic transformations, potentially leading to accumulation. Therefore, the simple analysis of the erosion, hydrolysis, or visual/chemical disappearance of the chemical products or plastic is not sufficient, but ecotoxicity studies on the effects of such small molecules are of major importance. The use of natural feedstocks, such as vegetable seed oils and their derivatives, allows the minimization of these risks, because microorganisms have evolved enzymes and metabolic pathways for processing such natural molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zappaterra
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Girgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Piccardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Girgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Spennato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Vitiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Turco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Anamaria Todea
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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28
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Cazaudehore G, Monlau F, Gassie C, Lallement A, Guyoneaud R. Active microbial communities during biodegradation of biodegradable plastics by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130208. [PMID: 36308937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics, if they are not properly managed at their end-of-life, can have the same hazardous environmental consequences as conventional plastics. This study investigates the treatment of the main biodegradable plastics under mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion using biochemical methane potential test and the microorganisms involved in the process using amplicon sequencing of the 16 S rRNA. Here we showed that, only PHB and TPS undergone important and rapid biodegradation under mesophilic condition (38 °C). By contrast, PCL and PLA exhibited very low biodegradation rate as 500 days were required to reach the ultimate methane yield. Little or no degradation occurred for PBAT and PBS at 38 °C. Under thermophilic conditions (58 °C), TPS, PHB, and PLA reached high levels of biodegradation in a relatively short period (< 100 d). While PBS, PBAT, and PCL could not be converted into methane at 58 °C. PHB degraders (Enterobacter and Cupriavidus) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (Moorella and Tepidimicrobium) appeared to play an important role in the PHB and PLA degradation, respectively. This work not only provides crucial data on the anaerobic digestion of the main biodegradable plastics but also enriches the understanding of the microorganisms involved in this process, which are of great importance for future development of the treatment of biodegradable plastics in anaerobic digestion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cazaudehore
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - F Monlau
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France
| | - C Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France
| | - A Lallement
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France
| | - R Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France
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29
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PHBV-based polymers as food packaging: Physical-chemical and structural stability under reuse conditions. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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30
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Cai F, Lin M, Jin W, Chen C, Liu G. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxvalerate) from volatile fatty acids by Cupriavidus necator. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:128-139. [PMID: 36192143 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A promising strategy to alleviate the plastic pollution from traditional petroleum-based plastics is the application of biodegradable plastics, in which polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have received increasing interest owing to their considerable biodegradability. In the PHAs family, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxvalerate) (PHBV) has better mechanical properties, which possesses broader application prospects. With this purpose, the present study adopted Cupriavidus necator to synthesize PHBV utilizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as sole carbon sources. Results showed that the concentration and composition of VFAs significantly influenced the production of PHAs. Especially, even carbon VFAs (acetate and butyrate) synthesized only poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), while the addition of odd carbon VFAs (propionate and valerate) resulted in PHBV production. The 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents in PHBV were directly determined by the specific VFAs compositions, in which valerate was the preferred substrate for 3HV accumulation. After optimization by response surface methodology, the highest PHBV accumulation achieved 79.47% in dry cells, and the conversion efficiency of VFAs to PHBV reached 40%, with the PHBV production of 1.20 ± 0.05 g/L. This study revealed the metabolic rule of VFAs converting into PHAs by C. necator and figured out the optimal VFAs condition for PHBV accumulation, which provides a valuable reference for developing downstream strategies of PHBV production in industrial applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Cai
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiong Jin
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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31
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Biodegradation of Different Types of Bioplastics through Composting—A Recent Trend in Green Recycling. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the adoption of sustainable alternatives has become a powerful tool for replacing petroleum-based polymers. As a biodegradable alternative to petroleum-derived plastics, bioplastics are becoming more and more prevalent and have the potential to make a significant contribution to reducing plastic pollution in the environment. Meanwhile, their biodegradation is highly dependent on their environment. The leakage of bioplastics into the environment and their long degradation time frame during waste management processes are becoming major concerns that need further investigation. This review highlights the extent and rate of the biodegradation of bioplastic in composting, soil, and aquatic environments, and examines the biological and environmental factors involved in the process. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for further research on the long-term fate of bioplastics in natural and industrial environments. The roles played by enzymes as biocatalysts and metal compounds as catalysts through composting can help to achieve a sustainable approach to the biodegradation of biopolymers. The knowledge gained in this study will also contribute to the development of policies and assessments for bioplastic waste, as well as provide direction for future bioplastics research and development.
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32
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Botti A, Biagi E, Musmeci E, Breglia A, Degli Esposti M, Fava F, Zanaroli G. Effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates on the microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls and competing anaerobic respirations in a marine microbial culture. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114458. [PMID: 36493518 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with different composition on the reductive dechlorination activity of a polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dechlorinating marine microbial community and on the activity of sulfate-reducing (SRB) and methanogenic bacteria (MB), were investigated in marine sediment microcosms and compared with the main monomer, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB). Despite PHAs were fermented more slowly than 3HB, all electron donors stimulated constantly sulfate-reduction, methanogenesis and, only transiently, PCB reductive dechlorination. No relevant differences were observed with different compositions of PHAs. According to electron balances, the majority of the supplied electrons (50 %) were consumed by SRB and to less extent by MB (9-31 %), while a small percentage (0.01 %) was delivered to OHRB. In the studied conditions PHAs were confirmed as potential slow‑hydrogen releasing compounds in marine environment but their fermentation rate was sufficiently high to mainly stimulate the competitors of organohalide respring bacteria for electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Botti
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eliana Musmeci
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Breglia
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Zanaroli
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
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Cazaudehore G, Guyoneaud R, Lallement A, Gassie C, Monlau F. Biochemical methane potential and active microbial communities during anaerobic digestion of biodegradable plastics at different inoculum-substrate ratios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116369. [PMID: 36202034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the inoculum-substrate ratio (ISR) on the mesophilic and thermophilic biochemical methane potential test of two biodegradable plastics was evaluated. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) were selected for this study, the first for being recalcitrant to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) and the second, by contrast, for being readily biodegradable. Several ISRs, calculated on the basis of volatile solids (VS), were tested: 1, 2, 2.85, 4, and 10 g(VS of inoculum).g(VS of substrate)-1. A high ISR was associated with an enhanced methane production rate (i.e., biodegradation kinetics). However, the ultimate methane production did not change, except when inhibition was observed. Indeed, applying the lowest ISR to readily biodegradable plastics such as PHB resulted in inhibition of methane production. Based on these experiments, in order to have reproducible degradation kinetics and optimal methane production, an ISR between 2.85 and 4 is recommended for biodegradable plastics. The active microbial communities were analyzed, and the active bacteria differed depending on the plastic digested (PLA versus PHB) and the temperature of the process (mesophilic versus thermophilic). Previously identified PHB degraders (Ilyobacter delafieldii and Enterobacter) were detected in PHB-fed reactors. Thermogutta and Tepidanaerobacter were detected during the thermophilic AD of PLA, and they are probably involved in PLA hydrolysis and lactate conversion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cazaudehore
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - R Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France
| | - A Lallement
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France
| | - C Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA / CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Environnement, 64000, Pau, France
| | - F Monlau
- APESA, Pôle Valorisation, 64121 Montardon, France
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Galyon H, Vibostok S, Duncan J, Ferreira G, Whittington A, Cockrum R. Long-term in situ ruminal degradation of biodegradable polymers in Holstein dairy cattle. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 4:70-74. [PMID: 36974211 PMCID: PMC10039226 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using biodegradable materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) to develop single-use agricultural plastics like bale netting may reduce the negative effects of plastic accumulation in the rumens of cattle. The objective of this research was to assess the long-term degradation of PHA, PBSA, and a PBSA:PHA blend (Blend) compared with a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) control. Polyhydroxyalkanoate, PBSA, Blend, and LDPE films were incubated in the rumens of 3 cannulated, nonlactating Holsteins for up to 150 d. In situ disappearance (ISD) and residue length were assessed after every incubation time. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED in SAS and adjusted by Tukey's method to determine least squares differences between polymer treatments, incubation time, and their interaction. By 30 d, PHA achieved 100% degradation, with initiation occurring at 14 d indicated by ISD and a reduction in residue length. Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) and Blend did not achieve any significant ISD, but fragmentation of PBSA occurred at 60 d and fragmentation of Blend at just 1 d, likely due to abiotic hydrolysis. Low-density polyethylene achieved no ISD, and residue length did not change over incubation time. We propose that a PBSA:PHA blend is a valid alternative to polyethylene single-use agricultural plastic products based on its fragmentation within 1 d of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Galyon
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - Samuel Vibostok
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - Jane Duncan
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | | | - Abby Whittington
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - Rebecca Cockrum
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
- Corresponding author
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Methods of Analyses for Biodegradable Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224928. [PMID: 36433054 PMCID: PMC9694517 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are materials that can decompose through the action of various environmental microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to form water and carbon dioxide. The biodegradability characteristics have led to a growing demand for the accurate and precise determination of the degraded polymer composition. With the advancements in analytical product development, various analytical methods are available and touted as practical and preferable methods of bioanalytical techniques, which enable the understanding of the complex composition of biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates and poly(lactic acid). The former part of this review discusses the definition and examples of biopolymers, followed by the theory and instrumentation of analytical methods applicable to the analysis of biopolymers, such as physical methods (SEM, TEM, weighing analytical balance, etc.), chromatographic methods (GC, THM-GC, SEC/GPC), spectroscopic methods (NMR, FTIR, XRD, XRF), respirometric methods, thermal methods (DSC, DTA, TGA), and meta-analysis. Special focus is given to the chromatographic methods, because this is the routine method of polymer analysis. The aim of this review is to focus on the recent developments in the field of biopolymer analysis and instrument application to analyse the various types of biopolymers.
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36
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Bher A, Mayekar PC, Auras RA, Schvezov CE. Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12165. [PMID: 36293023 PMCID: PMC9603655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to diminish plastic pollution has become one of the main challenges of modern life. A few alternatives have gained potential for a shift toward a more circular and sustainable relationship with plastics. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one feasible alternative to overcome inconveniences associated with the use and disposal of non-biodegradable polymers. The biodegradation process depends on the environment's factors, microorganisms and associated enzymes, and the polymer properties, resulting in a plethora of parameters that create a complex process whereby biodegradation times and rates can vary immensely. This review aims to provide a background and a comprehensive, systematic, and critical overview of this complex process with a special focus on the mesophilic range. Activity toward depolymerization by extracellular enzymes, biofilm effect on the dynamic of the degradation process, CO2 evolution evaluating the extent of biodegradation, and metabolic pathways are discussed. Remarks and perspectives for potential future research are provided with a focus on the current knowledge gaps if the goal is to minimize the persistence of plastics across environments. Innovative approaches such as the addition of specific compounds to trigger depolymerization under particular conditions, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the addition of natural and/or modified enzymes are state-of-the-art methods that need faster development. Furthermore, methods must be connected to standards and techniques that fully track the biodegradation process. More transdisciplinary research within areas of polymer chemistry/processing and microbiology/biochemistry is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pooja C. Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rafael A. Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carlos E. Schvezov
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
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Karalija E, Carbó M, Coppi A, Colzi I, Dainelli M, Gašparović M, Grebenc T, Gonnelli C, Papadakis V, Pilić S, Šibanc N, Valledor L, Poma A, Martinelli F. Interplay of plastic pollution with algae and plants: hidden danger or a blessing? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129450. [PMID: 35999715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of plastic pollution, plants have been discarded as a system that is not affected by micro and nanoplastics, but contrary to beliefs that plants cannot absorb plastic particles, recent research proved otherwise. The presented review gives insight into known aspects of plants' interplay with plastics and how plants' ability to absorb plastic particles can be utilized to remove plastics from water and soil systems. Microplastics usually cannot be absorbed by plant root systems due to their size, but some reports indicate they might enter plant tissues through stomata. On the other hand, nanoparticles can enter plant root systems, and reports of their transport via xylem to upper plant parts have been recorded. Bioaccumulation of nanoplastics in upper plant parts is still not confirmed. The prospects of using biosystems for the remediation of soils contaminated with plastics are still unknown. However, algae could be used to degrade plastic particles in water systems through enzyme facilitated degradation processes. Considering the amount of plastic pollution, especially in the oceans, further research is necessary on the utilization of algae in plastic degradation. Special attention should be given to the research concerning utilization of algae with restricted algal growth, ensuring that a different problem is not induced, "sea blooming", during the degradation of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department for Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - María Carbó
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Dainelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mateo Gašparović
- Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Selma Pilić
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department for Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Nataša Šibanc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Laboratory of Genetics and Mutagenesis, via Vetoio 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-The Basis of Slow-Release Fungicide Formulations for Suppressing Potato Pathogens. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173669. [PMID: 36080743 PMCID: PMC9460056 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-component slow-release fungicide formulations with different modes of action of the active ingredients for suppressing potato pathogens were constructed for the first time. The difenoconazole, mefenoxam, prothioconazole, and azoxystrobin fungicides were embedded in the degradable polymer P(3HB)/birch wood flour blend and examined using SEM, IR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, DTA, and DSC. Results showed that no chemical bonds were established between the components and that they were physical mixtures that had a lower degree of crystallinity compared to the initial P(3HB), which suggested different crystallization kinetics in the mixtures. The degradation behavior of the experimental formulations was investigated in laboratory micro-ecosystems with pre-characterized field soil. The slow-release fungicide formulations were prolonged-action forms with a half-life of at least 50–60 d, enabling gradual and sustained delivery of the active ingredients to plants. All slow-release fungicide formulations had a strong inhibitory effect on the most common and harmful potato pathogens (Phytophthorainfestans, Alternarialongipes, Rhizoctoniasolani, and Fusariumsolani).
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Vieyra H, Molina-Romero JM, Calderón-Nájera JDD, Santana-Díaz A. Engineering, Recyclable, and Biodegradable Plastics in the Automotive Industry: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163412. [PMID: 36015669 PMCID: PMC9414523 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The automotive industry has used plastics almost since the beginning. The lightness, flexibility, and many qualities of plastics make them ideal for the automotive industry, reducing cars' overall weight and fuel consumption. Engineering plastics in this industry belong to the high-performance segment of non-renewable resources. These plastics exhibit higher properties than commodity plastics. Fortunately, unlike recycled commodity plastics, the super properties and high-performance characteristics make engineering plastics effectively reused after recycling. The substitution of these fossil-fuel-derived plastics adds to the solution of lightweighting, a much-needed solution to waste management, and solves industrial and ecological issues surrounding plastic disposal. All major vehicle manufacturers worldwide use bioplastics and bio-based plastics, including natural-fiber composites and engineering plastics reinforced with natural fibers. Changing the source of plastics to raw materials from renewable resources is the logical approach to sustainability. Thus, high-quality plastics, recycled plastics, bio-based plastics, and biodegradable plastics could be exploited from design, making sustainability an integral concept of mobility development. This review analyzes that switching from fossil-fuel- to renewable-sources-derived plastics is a step toward meeting the current environmental goals for the automotive industry, including electric cars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-722-279-99-90 (ext. 2120)
| | - Joan Manuel Molina-Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
| | | | - Alfredo Santana-Díaz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
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40
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Awasthi SK, Kumar M, Kumar V, Sarsaiya S, Anerao P, Ghosh P, Singh L, Liu H, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. A comprehensive review on recent advancements in biodegradation and sustainable management of biopolymers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119600. [PMID: 35691442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen upsurge in plastic manufacturing and its utilization in various fields, such as, packaging, household goods, medical applications, and beauty products. Due to various adverse impacts imposed by synthetic plastics on the health of living well-being and the environment, the biopolymers have been emerged out an alternative. Although, the biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are entirely degradable. However, the other polymers, such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) are only partially degradable and often not biosynthesized. Biodegradation of the polymers using microorganisms is considered an effective bioremediation approach. Biodegradation can be performed in aerobic and anaerobic environments. In this context, the present review discusses the biopolymer production, their persistence in the environment, aerobic biodegradation, anaerobic biodegradation, challenges associated with biodegradation and future perspectives. In addition, this review discusses the advancement in the technologies associated with biopolymer production, biodegradation, and their biodegradation standard in different environmental settings. Furthermore, differences in the degradation condition in the laboratory as well as on-site are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Prathmesh Anerao
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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41
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Sun Y, Shaheen SM, Ali EF, Abdelrahman H, Sarkar B, Song H, Rinklebe J, Ren X, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Enhancing microplastics biodegradation during composting using livestock manure biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119339. [PMID: 35461884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of microplastics (MPs) in contaminated biowastes has received big scientific attention during the past few years. The aim here is to study the impacts of livestock manure biochar (LMBC) on the biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate microplastics (PHA-MPs) during composting, which have not yet been verified. LMBC (10% wt/wt) and PHA-MPs (0.5% wt/wt) were added to a mixture of pristine cow manure and sawdust for composting, whereas a mixture without LMBC served as the control (CK). The maximum degradation rate of PHA-MPs (22-31%) was observed in the thermophilic composting stage in both mixtures. LMBC addition significantly (P < 0.05) promoted PHA-MPs degradation and increased the carbon loss and oxygen loading of PHA-MPs compared to CK. Adding LMBC accelerated the cleavage of C-H bonds and oxidation of PHA-MPs, and increased the O-H, CO and C-O functional groups on MPs. Also, LMBC addition increased the relative abundance of dominant microorganisms (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and promoted the enrichment of MP-degrading microbial biomarkers (e.g., Bacillus, Thermobacillus, Luteimonas, Chryseolinea, Aspergillus and Mycothermus). LMBC addition further increased the complexity and connectivity between dominant microbial biomarkers and PHA-MPs degradation characteristics, strengthened their positive relationship, thereby accelerated PHA-MPs biodegradation, and mitigated the potential environmental and human health risk. These findings provide a reference point for reducing PHA-MPs in compost and safe recycling of MPs contaminated organic wastes. However, these results should be validated with other composting matrices and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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42
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Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Digestibility Kinetics of Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) after In Vitro Fermentation in Rumen Fluid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102103. [PMID: 35631985 PMCID: PMC9146987 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Using polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) materials for ruminal boluses could allow for longer sustained release of drugs and hormones that would reduce administration time and unneeded animal discomfort caused by continuous administration. The objective of this study was to determine ruminal degradability and kinetics of biodegradable polymers and blends. A proprietary PHA-based polymer, poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), PBSA:PHA melt blends, and forage controls were incubated in rumen fluid for up to 240 h. Mass loss was measured after each incubation time, and digestion kinetic parameters were estimated. Thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry, and intrinsic viscosity analyses were conducted on incubated samples. Generally, across treatments, mass loss was significant by 96 h with a minimum increase of 0.25% compared to 0 h but did not change thereafter. Degradation kinetics demonstrated that polymer treatments were still in the exponential degradation phase at 240 h with a maximum disappearance rate of 0.0031 %/h. Melting temperature increased, onset thermal degradation temperature decreased, and intrinsic viscosity decreased with incubation time, indicating structural changes to the polymers. Based on these preliminary findings, the first stage of degradation occurs within 24 h and PHA degrades slowly. However, further ruminal degradation studies of biodegradable polymers are warranted to elucidate maximum degradation and its characteristics.
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Komiyama K, Omura T, Kabe T, Iwata T. Mechanical properties and highly-ordered structural analysis of elastic poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] fibers fabricated by partially melting crystals. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jin X, Dong J, Guo X, Ding M, Bao R, Luo Y. Current advances in polyurethane biodegradation. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jixin Dong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Xufan Guo
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Yunzi Luo
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute Tianjin University Tangxing Road 133, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Biopolymers: Global Carbon Footprint and Climate Change. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Biopolymers: Regulatory and Legislative Issues. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guo W, Yang K, Qin X, Luo R, Wang H, Huang R. Polyhydroxyalkanoates in tissue repair and regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Komiyama K, Omura T, Iwata T. Effect of morphology and molecular orientation on environmental water biodegradability of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate]. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Rekhi P, Goswami M, Ramakrishna S, Debnath M. Polyhydroxyalkanoates biopolymers toward decarbonizing economy and sustainable future. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:668-692. [PMID: 34645360 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1960265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are synonymous with the modern way of living. However, polymers with a large carbon footprint, especially those derived from nonrenewable petrochemical sources, are increasingly perceived as detrimental to the environment and a sustainable future. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a microbial biopolymer and a plausible alternative for renewable sources. However, PHA in its monomeric forms has very limited applications due to its limited flexibility, tensile strength, and moldability. Herein, the life cycle of PHA molecules, from biosynthesis to commercial utilization for diverse applications is discussed. For clarity, the applications of this bioplastic biocomposite material are further segregated into two domains, namely, the industrial sector and the medical sector. The industry sectors reviewed here include food packaging, textiles, agriculture, automotive, and electronics. High-value addition of PHA for a sustainable future can be foreseen in the medical domain. Properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility make PHA a suitable candidate for decarbonizing biomaterials during tissue repair, organ reconstruction, drug delivery, bone tissue engineering, and chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavni Rekhi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Moushmi Goswami
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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