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Żabińska M, Wiśniewska K, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Exploring the physiological role of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and its associations with human diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107070. [PMID: 38733757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen is a group of hormones that collaborate with the nervous system to impact the overall well-being of all genders. It influences many processes, including those occurring in the central nervous system, affecting learning and memory, and playing roles in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. The hormone's action is mediated by specific receptors. Significant roles of classical estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, in various diseases were known since many years, but after identifying a structurally and locationally distinct receptor, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), its role in human physiology and pathophysiology was investigated. This review compiles GPER-related information, highlighting its impact on homeostasis and diseases, while putting special attention on functions and dysfunctions of this receptor in neurobiology and biobehavioral processes. Understanding the receptor modulation possibilities is essential for therapy, as disruptions in receptors can lead to diseases or disorders, irrespective of correct estrogen levels. We conclude that studies on the GPER receptor have the potential to develop therapies that regulate estrogen and positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żabińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Wiśniewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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Figueira MI, Carvalho TMA, Macário-Monteiro J, Cardoso HJ, Correia S, Vaz CV, Duarte AP, Socorro S. The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1636. [PMID: 39200101 PMCID: PMC11351860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) is shrouded in mystery, with its actions going from angelic to devilish. The findings by Huggins and Hodges establishing PCa as a hormone-sensitive cancer have provided the basis for using estrogens in therapy. However, despite the clinical efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and the panoply of experimental evidence describing its anticarcinogenic effects, estrogens were abolished from PCa treatment because of the adverse secondary effects. Notwithstanding, research work over the years has continued investigating the effects of estrogens, reporting their pros and cons in prostate carcinogenesis. In contrast with the beneficial therapeutic effects, many reports have implicated estrogens in the disruption of prostate cell fate and tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, epidemiological data demonstrating the lower incidence of PCa in Eastern countries associated with a higher consumption of phytoestrogens support the beneficial role of estrogens in counteracting cancer development. Many studies have investigated the effects of phytoestrogens and the underlying mechanisms of action, which may contribute to developing safe estrogen-based anti-PCa therapies. This review compiles the existing data on the anti- and protumorigenic actions of estrogens and summarizes the anticancer effects of several phytoestrogens, highlighting their promising features in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.I.F.)
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Onisiforou A, Christodoulou CC, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Zanos P, Georgiou P. Transcriptomic analysis reveals sex-specific patterns in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1345498. [PMID: 38689734 PMCID: PMC11058985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1345498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus, vital for memory and learning, is among the first brain regions affected in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and exhibits adult neurogenesis. Women face twice the risk of developing AD compare to men, making it crucial to understand sex differences in hippocampal function for comprehending AD susceptibility. Methods We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bulk mRNA postmortem samples from the whole hippocampus (GSE48350, GSE5281) and its CA1 and CA3 subfields (GSE29378). Our aim was to perform a comparative molecular signatures analysis, investigating sex-specific differences and similarities in the hippocampus and its subfields in AD. This involved comparing the gene expression profiles among: (a) male controls (M-controls) vs. female controls (F-controls), (b) females with AD (F-AD) vs. F-controls, (c) males with AD (M-AD) vs. M-controls, and (d) M-AD vs. F-AD. Furthermore, we identified AD susceptibility genes interacting with key targets of menopause hormone replacement drugs, specifically the ESR1 and ESR2 genes, along with GPER1. Results The hippocampal analysis revealed contrasting patterns between M-AD vs. M-controls and F-AD vs. F-controls, as well as M-controls vs. F-controls. Notably, BACE1, a key enzyme linked to amyloid-beta production in AD pathology, was found to be upregulated in M-controls compared to F-controls in both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields. In M-AD vs. M-controls, the GABAergic synapse was downregulated, and the Estrogen signaling pathway was upregulated in both subfields, unlike in F-AD vs. F-controls. Analysis of the whole hippocampus also revealed upregulation of the GABAergic synapse in F-AD vs. F-controls. While direct comparison of M-AD vs. F-AD, revealed a small upregulation of the ESR1 gene in the CA1 subfield of males. Conversely, F-AD vs. F-controls exhibited downregulation of the Dopaminergic synapse in both subfields, while the Calcium signaling pathway showed mixed regulation, being upregulated in CA1 but downregulated in CA3, unlike in M-AD vs. M-controls. The upregulated Estrogen signaling pathway in M-AD, suggests a compensatory response to neurodegenerative specifically in males with AD. Our results also identified potential susceptibility genes interacting with ESR1 and ESR2, including MAPK1, IGF1, AKT1, TP53 and CD44. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of sex-specific disease mechanisms in AD pathogenesis. Region-specific analysis offers a more detailed examination of localized changes in the hippocampus, enabling to capture sex-specific molecular patterns in AD susceptibility and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onisiforou
- Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Panos Zanos
- Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Psychoneuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Ethridge SB, Smith MA. Estradiol and Mu opioid-mediated reward: The role of estrogen receptors in opioid use. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 9:100139. [PMID: 38155959 PMCID: PMC10753849 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use and opioid use disorder are characterized by sex and gender differences, and some of these differences may be mediated by differences in the hormonal milieu within and across individuals. This review focuses on the role of ovarian hormones, and particularly estradiol, on the endogenous mu opioid receptor system. There is an abundance of data indicating that estradiol influences the activity of endogenous mu opioid peptides, the activation of mu opioid receptors, and the internalization and desensitization of mu opioid receptors. These effects have functional consequences on behaviors mediated by endogenous mu opioid receptor activity and on sensitivity to mu opioid agonists and antagonists. Recent behavioral data suggest these consequences extend to mu opioid reward, and preclinical studies report that estradiol decreases self-administration of mu opioid receptor agonists across a range of experimental conditions. Data collected in human laboratory studies suggest that estradiol may have functionally similar effects in clinical populations, and thus estrogen receptors may be a potential target in the development of novel therapeutics. This review summarizes data from cellular assays to clinical trials to explore how estradiol influences mu opioid receptor activity, as well as potential ways in which estrogen receptors may be targeted to address the problems of opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
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Xie L, Cheng Y, Du W, Fu L, Wei Z, Guan Y, Wang Y, Mei C, Hao C, Chen M, Gu X. Activation of GPER1 in macrophages ameliorates UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:818. [PMID: 38086848 PMCID: PMC10716282 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have proven the critical role of macrophages in the renal fibrosis process. Notably, G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1), a novel estrogen receptor, has been shown to play a ubiquitous role in regulating macrophage activities and proinflammatory pathways. However, the precise role of GPER1 in macrophage-mediated renal fibrosis is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of macrophage GPER1 in the UUO-induced renal fibrosis model. Compared to vehicle-treated ovariectomized (OVX) female and male unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models, we observed that G-1 (GPER1 agonist)-treated OVX female and male UUO mice had fewer renal fibrotic lesions and less M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in the kidney tissues. Conversely, Gper1 deletion in male UUO mice accelerated renal fibrosis and increased inflammation. In vitro studies also revealed that GPER1 activation reduced M0 macrophage polarization towards M1 or M2 phenotypes. The RNA-sequencing analysis and immunoblotting indicated that GPER1 activation was primarily involved in downregulating immune pathways activation and inactivating MAPK pathways. Tubular epithelial cells co-cultured with G-1-pretreated M1 macrophages exhibited fewer injuries and immune activation. In addition, fibroblasts co-cultured with G-1-pretreated M2 macrophages showed downregulated extracellular matrix expression. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate the effect of GPER1 on macrophage-mediated renal fibrosis via inhibition of M1 and M2 macrophage activation. These findings indicate that GPER1 may be a promising therapeutic target for treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhaonan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuting Guan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Department of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Xiangchen Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanghai, 201201, China.
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Fardoun M, Nasser SA, El-Yazbi AF, Eid AH. GPER Acts Through the cAMP/Epac/JNK/AP-1 Pathway to Induce Transcription of Alpha 2C Adrenoceptor in Human Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:470-479. [PMID: 37773889 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Raynaud's phenomenon, which results from exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction, is more prevalent in females than males. We previously showed that estrogen increases the expression of alpha 2C-adrenoceptors (α 2C -AR), the sole mediator of cold-induced vasoconstriction. This effect of estrogen is reproduced by the cell-impermeable form of the hormone (E 2 :bovine serum albumin [BSA]), suggesting a role of the membrane estrogen receptor, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor [GPER], in E 2 -induced α 2C -AR expression. We also previously reported that E 2 upregulates α 2C -AR in microvascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via the cAMP/Epac/Rap/JNK/AP-1 pathway, and that E 2 :BSA elevates cAMP levels. We, therefore, hypothesized that E 2 uses GPER to upregulate α 2C -AR through the cAMP/Epac/JNK/AP-1 pathway. Our results show that G15, a selective GPER antagonist, attenuates the E 2 -induced increase in α 2C -AR transcription. G-1, a selective GPER agonist, induced α 2C -AR transcription, which was concomitant with elevated cAMP levels and JNK activation. Pretreatment with ESI09, an Epac inhibitor, abolished G-1-induced α 2C -AR upregulation and JNK activation. Moreover, pretreatment with SP600125, a JNK-specific inhibitor, but not H89, a PKA-specific inhibitor, abolished G-1-induced α 2C -AR upregulation. In addition, transient transfection of an Epac dominant negative mutant (Epac-DN) attenuated G-1-induced activation of the α 2C -AR promoter. This inhibitory effect of Epac-DN on the α 2C -AR promoter was overridden by the cotransfection of constitutively active JNK mutant. Furthermore, mutation of AP-1 site in the α 2C -AR promoter abrogated G1-induced expression. Collectively, these results indicate that GPER upregulates α 2C -AR through the cAMP/EPAC/JNK/AP-1 pathway. These findings unravel GPER as a new mediator of cold-induced vasoconstriction, and present it as a potential target for treating Raynaud's phenomenon in estrogen-replete females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Fardoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein City, Egypt; and
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Zhang C, Niu JG, Kong XR, Mi XJ, Liu Q, Chen FF, Rong WF, Liu J. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 deficiency impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice with schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102319. [PMID: 37495162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to confirm that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) deficiency affects cognitive function by reducing hippocampal neurogenesis via the PKA/ERK/IGF-I signaling pathway in mice with schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS Mice were divided into four groups, namely, KO Con, WT Con, KO Con, and WT SZ (n = 12 in each group). All mice were accustomed to the behavioral equipment overnight in the testing service room. The experimental conditions were consistent with those in the animal house. Forced swimming test and Y-maze test were conducted. Neuronal differentiation and maturation were detected using immunofluorescence and confocal imaging. The protein in the PKA/ERK/IGF-I signaling pathway was tested using Western blot analysis. RESULTS GPER1 KO aggravated depression during forced swimming test and decreased cognitive ability during Y-maze test in the mouse model of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801)-induced SZ. Immunofluorescence and confocal imaging results demonstrated that GPER1 knockout reduced adult hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis. Furthermore, GPER1-KO aggravated the hippocampal damage induced by MK-801 in mice through the PKA/ERK/IGF-I signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS GPER1 deficiency reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuron survival by regulating the PKA/ERK/IGF-I signaling pathway in the MK-801-induced mouse model of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xue-Rui Kong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Mi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei-Fang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1964-1985. [PMID: 36596967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic cerebral vascular accident (CVA), are responsible for causing high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the population. The neurovascular unit (NVU) during and after ischemic CVA plays crucial roles in cell regulation and preservation, the immune and inflammatory response, and cell and/or tissue survival and repair. Cellular responses to 17β-estradiol (E2) can be triggered by two mechanisms: one called classical or genomic, which is due to the activation of the "classical" nuclear estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and the non-genomic or rapid mechanism, which is due to the activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) that is located in the plasma membrane and some in intracellular membranes, such as in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear receptors can regulate gene expression and cellular functions. On the contrary, activating the GPER by E2 and/or its G-1 agonist triggers several rapid cell signaling pathways. Therefore, E2 or its G-1 agonist, by mediating GPER activation and/or expression, can influence several NVU cell types. Most studies argue that the activation of the GPER may be used as a potential therapeutic target in various pathologies, such as CVA. Thus, with this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on the role of GPER mediated by E2 and/or its agonist G-1 in the physiology and pathophysiology of NVU.
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Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Pietrzak BA, Kajta M. Emerging Evidence on Membrane Estrogen Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Central Nervous System Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044043. [PMID: 36835454 PMCID: PMC9968034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear- and membrane-initiated estrogen signaling cooperate to orchestrate the pleiotropic effects of estrogens. Classical estrogen receptors (ERs) act transcriptionally and govern the vast majority of hormonal effects, whereas membrane ERs (mERs) enable acute modulation of estrogenic signaling and have recently been shown to exert strong neuroprotective capacity without the negative side effects associated with nuclear ER activity. In recent years, GPER1 was the most extensively characterized mER. Despite triggering neuroprotective effects, cognitive improvements, and vascular protective effects and maintaining metabolic homeostasis, GPER1 has become the subject of controversy, particularly due to its participation in tumorigenesis. This is why interest has recently turned toward non-GPER-dependent mERs, namely, mERα and mERβ. According to available data, non-GPER-dependent mERs elicit protective effects against brain damage, synaptic plasticity impairment, memory and cognitive dysfunctions, metabolic imbalance, and vascular insufficiency. We postulate that these properties are emerging platforms for designing new therapeutics that may be used in the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Since mERs have the ability to interfere with noncoding RNAs and to regulate the translational status of brain tissue by affecting histones, non-GPER-dependent mERs appear to be attractive targets for modern pharmacotherapy for nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wnuk
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-662-3339 (A.W.); +48-12-662-3235 (M.K.); Fax: +48-12-637-4500 (A.W. & M.K.)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Kajta
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-12-662-3339 (A.W.); +48-12-662-3235 (M.K.); Fax: +48-12-637-4500 (A.W. & M.K.)
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Casarini L, Simoni M. Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 123:555-585. [PMID: 37717998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogens are fundamental to support reproductive functions. Beside the well-known FSH membrane receptor (FSHR), a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been found, over the last two decades, in several tissues. It may trigger rapid, non-genomic responses of estradiol, activating proliferative and survival stimuli. The two receptors were co-characterized in the ovary, where they modulate different intracellular signaling cascades, according to the expression level and developmental stage of ovarian follicles. Moreover, they may physically interact to form heteromeric assemblies, suggestive of a new mode of action to regulate FSH-specific signals, and likely determining the follicular fate between atresia and dominance. The knowledge of FSH and estrogen membrane receptors provides a new, deeper level of comprehension of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Costa AJ, Lemes RMR, Bartolomeo CS, Nunes TA, Pereira GC, Oliveira RB, Gomes AL, Smaili SS, Maciel RMDB, Newson L, Ramirez AL, Okuda LH, Prado CM, Stilhano RS, Ureshino RP. Overexpression of estrogen receptor GPER1 and G1 treatment reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection in BEAS-2B bronchial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111775. [PMID: 36096380 PMCID: PMC9458763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gender-bias in COVID-19 severity has been suggested by clinical data. Experimental data in cell and animal models have demonstrated the role of sex hormones, particularly estrogens, in viral infections such as in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as a receptor to recognize host cells, and the protease TMPRSS2 for priming the Spike protein, facilitating virus entry into cells. However, the involvement of estrogenic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still being explored. Thus, in order to investigate the role of estrogen and its receptors in COVID-19, the estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ and GPER1 were overexpressed in bronchial BEAS-2B cell, and then infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA were higher in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, but no difference was observed in cells with estrogen receptors overexpression. GPER1 can be involved in virus infection or replication, since its higher levels reduces SARS-CoV-2 load. On the other hand, pharmacological antagonism of GPER1 enhanced viral load. Those data suggest that GPER1 has an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Jardim Costa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robertha Mariana Rodrigues Lemes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Silva Bartolomeo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departament of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamires Alves Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departament of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cruz Pereira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Biochemistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Brito Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lopes Gomes
- Instituto Biológico, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Monteiro de Barros Maciel
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Louise Newson
- Newson Health Research and Education, Stratford-Upon-Avon, UK
| | | | - Liria Hiromi Okuda
- Instituto Biológico, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Departament of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Department of Biological Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Maruyama NO, Estrela HF, Sales EBO, Lucas TF, Porto CS, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR. Differential effects of estrogen receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in Goldblatt hypertension. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 224:106176. [PMID: 36087695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 17β-estradiol plays a cardioprotective role in the central nervous system (CNS) of male rats. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of 17β-estradiol on sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure in a renovascular hypertensive Goldblatt two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) male rat model. We also determined the influence of angiotensin II AT1 receptor on the expression of estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, and G protein-coupled ER (GPER)) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of Goldblatt rats. Experiments were performed in Goldblatt and age-matched control rats six weeks after clipping of renal artery to induce hypertension. Microinjection of 17β-estradiol into the RVLM led to a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in controls than in 2K-1C rats. Microinjection of the GPER agonist G-1 into the RVLM led to a significantly greater increase in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in 2K-1C rats. Expression levels of estrogen receptors GPER and ERα, but not ERβ, were significantly higher in the RVLM of 2K-1C rats than in that of the control rats. Chronic treatment with losartan significantly reduced the expression levels of estrogen receptors in the RVLM of 2K-1C rats. Taken altogether, the data suggest that the imbalance of actions between ERα and GPER, particularly with the predominance of GPER in the RVLM, contributes to sympathetic overactivation in male rats with Goldblatt hypertension. AT1-Angiotensin II receptor in the RVLM upregulated estrogen receptor expression in male Goldblatt rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H F Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E B Oliveira Sales
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T F Lucas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Manning JR, Thapa D, Zhang M, Stoner MW, Sembrat JC, Rojas M, Scott I. GPER-dependent estrogen signaling increases cardiac GCN5L1 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H762-H768. [PMID: 35245133 PMCID: PMC8977132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00024.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation regulates the activity of cardiac metabolic enzymes, including those controlling fuel substrate metabolism. Mitochondrial-targeted GCN5L1 and SIRT3 have been shown to regulate the acetylation status of mitochondrial enzymes, but the role that lysine acetylation plays in driving metabolic differences between male and female hearts is not currently known. In this study, we describe a significant difference in GCN5L1 levels between male and female mouse hearts, and in the hearts of women between post- and premenopausal age. We further find that estrogen drives GCN5L1 expression in a cardiac cell line and uses pharmacological approaches to determine the mechanism to be G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activation, via translational regulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate here for the first time that mitochondrial protein acetylation is increased in female hearts, associated with an increase in GCN5L1 levels through a GPER-dependent mechanism. These findings reveal a new potential mediator of divergent cardiac mitochondrial function between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Manning
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dharendra Thapa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Manling Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael W Stoner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John C Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Iain Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Bhari N, Schwaertz RA, Apalla Z, Salerni G, Akay BN, Patil A, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1905-1912. [PMID: 34416066 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is associated with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Potential influence of estrogen and its metabolites on melanoma growth has been suggested. AIMS The objective of this review was to provide an overview on the evidence related to estrogen in malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant cross-references of the retrieved articles was performed to review relevant published articles related to estrogen and its effects in malignant melanoma. RESULTS Effect of estrogen signaling on a tissue largely depends on the relative expression of estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. Gender differences in melanoma may be explained by the difference in expression of these receptors. ERβ is the principal ER in melanoma. DISCUSSION Although there is uncertainty about role of estrogen in pathogenensis and progression of melanoma, evidence suggests that its growth and metastasis are influenced by estrogen stimulation. Role ER on the proliferation of melanoma cells is well described. CONCLUSION There is a need of safe and effective therapy for melanoma, especially for advanced cases. After the establishment of specific role of estrogen and its receptor, analysis of specific genetic mutation can be performed for proper utilization of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert A Schwaertz
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriel Salerni
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Provincial del Centenario de Rosario-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Decreased Expression of Estrogen Receptors Is Associated with Tumorigenesis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031015. [PMID: 35162942 PMCID: PMC8835567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), which is derived from thyroid follicular cells, is the most commonly differentiated thyroid cancer with sex disparity. However, the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the pathogenesis of PTC remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the association of ER mRNA expression levels with clinicopathologic features in PTC. To that aim, the mRNA levels of ESR1 (ERα66), ESR1 (ERα36), ESR2, and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in snap-frozen tissue samples from PTCs and adjacent normal thyroid tissues were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the correlation between ER mRNA expression levels and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. The expression of ERα66, ERα36, ERβ, and GPER1 was lower in PTC specimens than in adjacent normal thyroid tissues. Moreover, low GPER1 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension. There was no obvious difference in expression of ERs between PTC specimens from male and female patients. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of ERs in PTC tumorigenesis.
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16
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Targeting Estrogens and Various Estrogen-Related Receptors against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010080. [PMID: 35008242 PMCID: PMC8750572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen-ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR-mediated activation of various cell signaling molecules regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. This article sheds light on the most recent achievements in the elucidation of sequential biochemical events in estrogen-activated cell signaling pathways involved in NSCLC severity with insight into the mechanism of regulation by ERs/GPERs/EGFRs/ERRs. It further discusses the success of anti-estrogen therapies against NSCLCs.
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17
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Matthews JC. A mechanistic evaluation of the potential for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to produce effects via endocrine modes of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:571-590. [PMID: 34877914 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1994525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is a hypothesis driven, mechanistic evaluation of the potential for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) to produce any effects via endocrine modes of action. D4 is a volatile, lipophilic liquid used in the production of high molecular weight dimethylsiloxane polymers. These are used in a variety of industrial, medical, cleaning, and personal care products, and they may contain low levels of residual D4. Low concentrations of D4 are found in the environment and there is potential for low level human exposure. All of the measured environmental and workplace levels of D4 fall below no observed effect levels (NOEL). Most of the effects of high dose D4 involve the female reproductive system. In the mature intact female rat following chronic high dose exposure, D4 may cause inhibition of mating and ovulation, decreased live litter sizes, small increases in the estrogen to progesterone ratio primarily through decreases in progesterone, and increases in uterine hyperplasia. When endogenous estrogens are very low, high dose D4 causes increases in some uterine parameters. To assess whether these high dose effects can be attributed to an endocrine mode of action, endpoints are ranked for relevance and strength, consistent with published concepts. When sufficient information is available the level of activity of D4 for producing the observed effect is compared with that of potent endocrines. The conclusions reached are that all of the effects of D4 fall well short of any established criteria for D4 to be capable of producing any adverse effect via an endocrine mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Matthews
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
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18
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. NF-κB-An Important Player in Xenoestrogen Signaling in Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1799. [PMID: 34359968 PMCID: PMC8304139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the immune system is critical for an effective defense against pathogenic factors such as bacteria and viruses. All the cellular processes taking place in an organism are strictly regulated by an intracellular network of signaling pathways. In the case of immune cells, the NF-κB pathway is considered the key signaling pathway as it regulates the expression of more than 200 genes. The transcription factor NF-κB is sensitive to exogenous factors, such as xenoestrogens (XEs), which are compounds mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens and are widely distributed in the environment. Moreover, XE-induced modulation of signaling pathways may be crucial for the proper development of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the effects of XEs on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on our analysis, we constructed a model of XE-induced signaling in immune cells and found that in most cases XEs activate NF-κB. Our analysis indicated that the indirect impact of XEs on NF-κB in immune cells is related to the modulation of estrogen signaling and other pathways such as MAPK and JAK/STAT. We also summarize the role of these aspects of signaling in the development and further functioning of the immune system in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.J.); (W.R.-W.)
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19
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van Barele M, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Louwers YV, Vastbinder MB, Martens JWM, Hooning MJ, Jager A. Estrogens and Progestogens in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Do They Harm? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2506. [PMID: 34063736 PMCID: PMC8196589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) occur more frequently in younger women and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) nor progesterone receptor (PR), and are therefore often considered hormone-insensitive. Treatment of premenopausal TNBC patients almost always includes chemotherapy, which may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and can severely impact quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated for patients with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but the data on safety for TNBC patients is inconclusive, with a few randomized trials showing increased risk-ratios with wide confidence intervals for recurrence after HRT. Here, we review the literature on alternative pathways from the classical ER/PR. We find that for both estrogens and progestogens, potential alternatives exist for exerting their effects on TNBC, ranging from receptor conversion, to alternative receptors capable of binding estrogens, as well as paracrine pathways, such as RANK/RANKL, which can cause progestogens to indirectly stimulate growth and metastasis of TNBC. Finally, HRT may also influence other hormones, such as androgens, and their effects on TNBCs expressing androgen receptors (AR). Concluding, the assumption that TNBC is completely hormone-insensitive is incorrect. However, the direction of the effects of the alternative pathways is not always clear, and will need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Barele
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Yvonne V. Louwers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mijntje B. Vastbinder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ijsselland Hospital, Prins Constantijnweg 2, 2906 ZC Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands;
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.B.); (B.A.M.H.-G.); (J.W.M.M.); (M.J.H.)
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20
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The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Regulates Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 4 and Represses Migration and Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030619. [PMID: 33799631 PMCID: PMC8001910 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is one of the most recognized epigenetic regulators of transcriptional activity representing, an epigenetic modification of Histone H3. Previous reports have suggested that the broad H3K4me3 domain can be considered as an epigenetic signature for tumor-suppressor genes in human cells. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor, acts as an inhibitor on cell growth via epigenetic regulation in breast and ovarian cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of GPER and H3K4me3 in ovarian cancer tissue samples as well as in two different cell lines (Caov3 and Caov4). Silencing of GPER by a specific siRNA and two selective regulators with agonistic (G1) and antagonistic (G15) activity were applied for consecutive in vitro studies to investigate their impacts on tumor cell growth and the changes in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and H3K4me3. We found a positive correlation between GPER and H3K4me3 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Patients overexpressing GPER as well as H3K4me3 had significantly improved overall survival. Increased H3K4me3 and p-ERK1/2 levels and attenuated cell proliferation and migration were observed in Caov3 and Caov4 cells via activation of GPER by G1. Conversely, antagonizing GPER activity by G15 resulted in opposite effects in the Caov4 cell line. In conclusion, interaction of GPER and H3K4me3 appears to be of prognostic significance for ovarian cancer patients. The results of the in vitro analyses confirm the biological rationale for their interplay and identify GPER agonists, such as G1, as a potential therapeutic approach for future investigations.
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21
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A novel transcript variant of human G-protein coupled estrogen receptor. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2979-2983. [PMID: 33677756 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates short-term non-genomic effects of estrogen in diverse cell types and tissues. According to the NCBI nucleotide database, three variants of GPER are known. They are NM_001505.2 (GPER-v2), NM_001039966.1 (GPER-v3), and NM_001098201.1 (GPER-v4). Investigations on GPER expression are key to understand its physiological and pathological roles. However, most studies on GPER mRNA expression have considered total GPER mRNA expression regardless of the individual variants. The present study is motivated by a novel transcript observed in the UCSC Genome Browser (uc010ksd.1), which is annotated as GPER. The novel variant is similar to the known transcript variants of GPER in terms of the protein-coding sequence and the 3'UTR. However, it has a unique 5'UTR, which distinguishes it from other GPER variants. Using primers specific for uc010ksd.1, we have performed RT-PCR to show that the novel GPER transcript (hereafter referred to as GPER-v5) is expressed in human cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7, SW-620, COLO-205, and HT-29. Preliminary evidences indicate that GPER-v5 is a novel GPER mRNA variant. The expression of GPER-v5 in primary cells and tissues should be investigated before probing into its role and relevance in physiological and pathological conditions.
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22
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Gohar EY, Almutlaq RN, Daugherty EM, Butt MK, Jin C, Pollock JS, Pollock DM, De Miguel C. Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 ameliorates proximal tubular injury and proteinuria in Dahl salt-sensitive female rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R297-R306. [PMID: 33407017 PMCID: PMC7988769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00267.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates a crucial role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in the maintenance of cardiovascular and kidney health in females. The current study tested whether GPER1 activation ameliorates hypertension and kidney damage in female Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Adult female rats were implanted with telemetry transmitters for monitoring blood pressure and osmotic minipumps releasing G1 (selective GPER1 agonist, 400 μg/kg/day ip) or vehicle. Two weeks after pump implantation, rats were shifted from a normal-salt (NS) diet (0.4% NaCl) to a matched HS diet (4.0% NaCl) for 2 wk. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected during both diet periods and urinary markers of kidney injury were assessed. Histological assessment of kidney injury was conducted after the 2-wk HS diet period. Compared with values during the NS diet, 24-h mean arterial pressure markedly increased in response to HS, reaching similar values in vehicle-treated and G1-treated rats. HS also significantly increased urinary excretion of protein, albumin, nephrin (podocyte damage marker), and KIM-1 (proximal tubule injury marker) in vehicle-treated rats. Importantly, G1 treatment prevented the HS-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, and increase in KIM-1 excretion but not nephrinuria. Histological analysis revealed that HS-induced glomerular damage did not differ between groups. However, G1 treatment preserved proximal tubule brush-border integrity in HS-fed rats. Collectively, our data suggest that GPER1 activation protects against HS-induced proteinuria and albuminuria in female Dahl SS rats by preserving proximal tubule brush-border integrity in a blood pressure-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Gohar
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rawan N Almutlaq
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth M Daugherty
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maryam K Butt
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Harding AT, Goff MA, Froggatt HM, Lim JK, Heaton NS. GPER1 is required to protect fetal health from maternal inflammation. Science 2021; 371:271-276. [PMID: 33446553 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) signaling in fetal tissues causes developmental abnormalities and fetal demise. Although pathogens that infect fetal tissues can induce birth defects through the local production of type I IFN, it remains unknown why systemic IFN generated during maternal infections only rarely causes fetal developmental defects. Here, we report that activation of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) during pregnancy is both necessary and sufficient to suppress IFN signaling and does so disproportionately in reproductive and fetal tissues. Inactivation of GPER1 in mice halted fetal development and promoted fetal demise, but only in the context of maternal inflammation. Thus, GPER1 is a central regulator of IFN signaling during pregnancy that allows dynamic antiviral responses in maternal tissues while also preserving fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred T Harding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marisa A Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Heather M Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the improved sensitization of tamoxifen. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Xiong YC, Chen T, Yang XB, Deng CL, Ning QL, Quan R, Yu XR. 17β-Oestradiol Attenuates the Photoreceptor Apoptosis in Mice with Retinitis Pigmentosa by Regulating N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2 Expression. Neuroscience 2020; 452:280-294. [PMID: 33246060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of retinal degenerative diseases in which the final pathological feature is photoreceptor cell apoptosis. Currently, the pathogenesis of RP remains poorly understood and therapeutics are ineffective. 17β-Oestradiol (βE2) is universally acknowledged as a neuroprotective factor in neurodegenerative diseases and has manifested neuroprotective effects in a light-induced retinal degeneration model. Recently, we identified N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) suppression as a molecular marker of mouse retinal photoreceptor-specific cell death. βE2 has also been reported to regulate NDRG2 in salivary acinar cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether βE2 plays a protective role in RP and regulates NDRG2 in photoreceptor cells. To this end, we generated RP models and observed that βE2 not only reduced the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, but also restored the level of NDRG2 expression in RP models. Then, we showed that siNDRG2 inhibits the anti-apoptotic effect of βE2 on photoreceptor cells in a cellular RP model. Subsequently, we used a classic oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist to attenuate the effects of βE2, suggesting that βE2 exerted its effects on RP models via the classic ERs. In addition, we performed a bioinformatics analysis, and the results indicated that the reported oestrogen response element (ERE) sequence is present in the promoter region of the mouse NDRG2 gene. Overall, our results suggest that βE2 attenuated the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in RP models by maintaining NDRG2 expression via a classic ER-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chun-Lei Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qi-Lan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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26
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McCarthy M, Raval AP. The peri-menopause in a woman's life: a systemic inflammatory phase that enables later neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:317. [PMID: 33097048 PMCID: PMC7585188 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The peri-menopause or menopausal transition—the time period that surrounds the final years of a woman’s reproductive life—is associated with profound reproductive and hormonal changes in a woman’s body and exponentially increases a woman’s risk of cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. Although our understanding of the exact timeline or definition of peri-menopause is limited, it is clear that there are two stages to the peri-menopause. These are the early menopausal transition, where menstrual cycles are mostly regular, with relatively few interruptions, and the late transition, where amenorrhea becomes more prolonged and lasts for at least 60 days, up to the final menstrual period. Emerging evidence is showing that peri-menopause is pro-inflammatory and disrupts estrogen-regulated neurological systems. Estrogen is a master regulator that functions through a network of estrogen receptors subtypes alpha (ER-α) and beta (ER-β). Estrogen receptor-beta has been shown to regulate a key component of the innate immune response known as the inflammasome, and it also is involved in regulation of neuronal mitochondrial function. This review will present an overview of the menopausal transition as an inflammatory event, with associated systemic and central nervous system inflammation, plus regulation of the innate immune response by ER-β-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline McCarthy
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Neurology Research Building, Room # 203H, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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27
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Khan SU, Ahemad N, Chuah LH, Naidu R, Htar TT. Natural bioactive compounds as a new source of promising G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) modulators: comprehensive in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1617-1628. [PMID: 33054574 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1830853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer ranks in second place among the cause of death worldwide. Cancer progress in multiple stages of carcinogenesis and metastasis programs through complex pathways. Sex hormones and their receptors are the major factors in promoting cancer progression. Among them, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) has shown to mediate cellular signaling pathways and cancer cell proliferation. However, the lack of GPER protein structure limited the search for new modulators. In this study, we curated an extensive database of natural products to discover new potential GPER modulators. We used a combination of virtual screening techniques to generate a homology model of GPER and subsequently used that for the screening of 30,926 natural products from a public database to identify potential active modulators of GPER. The best hits were further screened through the ADMET filter and confirmed by docking analysis. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations of best hits were also carried out to assess the stability of the ligand-GPER complex. This study predicted several potential GPER modulators with novel scaffolds that could be further investigated and used as the core for the development of novel GPER modulators.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Nocito MC, Avena P, La Padula D, Zavaglia L, Pezzi V. Role of GPER-Mediated Signaling in Testicular Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092115. [PMID: 32957524 PMCID: PMC7563107 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling plays important roles in testicular functions and tumorigenesis. Fifteen years ago, it was discovered that a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30, which binds also with high affinity to estradiol and is responsible, in part, for the rapid non-genomic actions of estrogens. GPR30, renamed as GPER, was detected in several tissues including germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells). In our previous review published in 2014, we summarized studies that evidenced a role of GPER signaling in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, we evidenced that GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth; however, the effects on cell survival and proliferation depend on specific cell type. In this review, we update the knowledge obtained in the last years on GPER roles in regulating physiological functions of testicular cells and its involvement in neoplastic transformation of both germ and somatic cells. In particular, we will focus our attention on crosstalk among GPER signaling, classical estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors involved in testis physiology regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.P.); Tel.: +39-0984-493184 (A.C.); +39-0984-493148 (V.P.)
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29
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Pal U, Ghosh S, Limaye AM. DNA methylation in the upstream CpG island of the GPER locus and its relationship with GPER expression in colon cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7547-7555. [PMID: 32936384 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a proposed tumor suppressor, relays short-term non-genomic responses in target cells and tissues. It frequently undergoes down-modulation in primary tumors of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. Liu and co-workers recently reported loss of GPER expression in colorectal cancer and attributed it to DNA methylation-dependent silencing. We hypothesized that GPER expression is inversely correlated with methylation in the upstream CpG island (upCpGi) in the GPER locus. Methylation in the upCpGi was analysed by bisulfite sequencing and correlated with GPER expression in a panel of colon cancer cell lines. Eight downstream CpGs of the upCpGi was differentially methylated across the cell lines. Methylation in this differentially methylated region (DMR) correlated inversely with GPER expression. Two cell lines, namely SW620 and COLO-320DM, were compared in terms of their viability in response to varying concentrations of G1, a GPER specific agonist. SW-620 cells, which had the least methylated DMR and the highest level of GPER expression, showed significant loss of viability with 1 µM G1. COLO-320DM, which had the most methylated DMR and the lowest level of GPER expression, did not show a significant response to 1 µM G1. At 5 µM G1, SW620 cells showed a greater reduction in viability than COLO-320DM cells. DNA methylation in the DMR is inversely correlated with GPER expression. DNA methylation-dependent silencing of GPER may be, at least in part, the underlying reason behind the loss of estrogen's oncoprotective effect via GPER in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttariya Pal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sujasha Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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30
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Yin J, Tu G, Peng M, Zeng H, Wan X, Qiao Y, Qin Y, Liu M, Luo H. GPER-regulated lncRNA-Glu promotes glutamate secretion to enhance cellular invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:4557-4572. [PMID: 32030797 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901384rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of breast cancer with heterogeneity and poor prognosis and effective therapeutic targets are not available currently. TNBC has been recognized as estrogen-independent breast cancer, while the novel estrogen receptor, namely G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), was claimed to mediate estrogenic actions in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Through mRNA microarrays, lncRNA microarrays, and bioinformatics analysis, we found that GPER is activated by 17β-estradiol (E2) and GPER-specific agonist G1, which downregulates a novel lncRNA (termed as lncRNA-Glu). LncRNA-Glu can inhibit glutamate transport activity and transcriptional activity of its target gene VGLUT2 via specific binding. GPER-mediated reduction of lncRNA-Glu promotes glutamate transport activity and transcriptional activity of VGLUT2. Furthermore, GPER-mediated activation of cAMP-PKA signaling contributes to glutamate secretion. LncRNA-Glu-VGLUT2 signaling synergizes with cAMP-PKA signaling to increase autologous glutamate secretion in TNBC cells, which activates glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and its downstream CaMK and MEK-MAPK pathways, thus enhancing cellular invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide new insights into GPER-mediated glutamate secretion and its downstream signaling NMDAR-CaMK/MEK-MAPK during TNBC invasion. The mechanisms we discovered may provide new targets for clinical therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Bai N, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu B, Yang F, Brann D, Wang R. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor activation upregulates interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia: implications for neuronal self-defense. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:45. [PMID: 32007102 PMCID: PMC6995076 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) is a novel membrane-associated estrogen receptor that can induce rapid kinase signaling in various cells. Activation of GPER can prevent hippocampal neuronal cell death following transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI), although the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we sought to address whether GPER activation exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in the rat hippocampus after GCI as a potential mechanism to limit neuronal cell death. METHODS GCI was induced by four-vessel occlusion in ovariectomized female SD rats. Specific agonist G1 or antagonist G36 of GPER was administrated using minipump, and antisense oligonucleotide (AS) of interleukin-1β receptor antagonist (IL1RA) was administrated using brain infusion kit. Protein expression of IL1RA, NF-κB-P65, phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB), Bcl2, cleaved caspase 3, and microglial markers Iba1, CD11b, as well as inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase 1, and Cle-IL1β in the hippocampal CA1 region were investigated by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis. The Duolink II in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed to detect the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC. Immunofluorescent staining for NeuN and TUNEL analysis were used to analyze neuronal survival and apoptosis, respectively. We performed Barnes maze and Novel object tests to compare the cognitive function of the rats. RESULTS The results showed that G1 attenuated GCI-induced elevation of Iba1 and CD11b in the hippocampal CA1 region at 14 days of reperfusion, and this effect was blocked by G36. G1 treatment also markedly decreased expression of the NLRP3-ASC-caspase 1 inflammasome and IL1β activation, as well as downstream NF-κB signaling, the effects reversed by G36 administration. Intriguingly, G1 caused a robust elevation in neurons of a well-known endogenous anti-inflammatory factor IL1RA, which was reversed by G36 treatment. G1 also enhanced p-CREB level in the hippocampus, a transcription factor known to enhance expression of IL1RA. Finally, in vivo IL1RA-AS abolished the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of G1 after GCI and reversed the cognitive-enhancing effects of G1 at 14 days after GCI. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the current results suggest that GPER preserves cognitive function following GCI in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing the defense mechanism of neurons by upregulating IL1RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bai
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Bin Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei China
| | - Fang Yang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
| | - Darrell Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
- Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Disorder in Tangshan, North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei China
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32
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Manfroi PDA, Bertoni APS, Furlanetto TW. GPER1 in the thyroid: A systematic review. Life Sci 2020; 241:117112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roque C, Mendes-Oliveira J, Duarte-Chendo C, Baltazar G. The role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 on neurological disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100786. [PMID: 31513775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) is a membrane-associated estrogen receptor (ER) associated with rapid estrogen-mediated effects. Over recent years GPER emerged has a potential therapeutic target to induce neuroprotection, avoiding the side effects elicited by the activation of classical ERs. The putative neuroprotection triggered by GPER selective activation was demonstrated in mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease of male and female in vivo rodent models. In others, like ischemic stroke, the results are contradictory and currently there is no consensus on the role played by this receptor. However, it seems clear that sex is a biological variable that may impact the results. The major objective of this review is to provide an overview about the physiological effects of GPER in the brain and its putative contribution in neurodegenerative disorders, discussing the data about the signaling pathways involved, as well as, the diverse effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roque
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J Mendes-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C Duarte-Chendo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - G Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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34
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Jung J. Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Cancer Progression. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:209-214. [PMID: 31341549 PMCID: PMC6629442 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In cancer progression, sex hormones and their receptors are thought to be major factors. Many studies have reported the effects of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) in cancer development and progression. Among them, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a G proteincoupled receptor, has been identified as an estrogen membrane receptor unrelated to nuclear ER. The mechanism of GPER, including its biological action, function, and role, has been studied in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss the relation between GPER and estrogen or estrogen agonists/antagonists and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Williams GP, Darbre PD. Low-dose environmental endocrine disruptors, increase aromatase activity, estradiol biosynthesis and cell proliferation in human breast cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:55-64. [PMID: 30817981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have long been suspected of increasing human breast cancer risk, via aromatase up-regulation; however, the metabolic effects upon aromatase in human breast cells exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of phenolic compounds, have not been addressed. OBJECTIVES To examine the mechanistic responses of aromatase CYP19A1 mRNA, aromatase activity, estradiol biosynthesis and cellular proliferation, in three human breast cell lines, exposed to seven phenolic compounds, at environmentally relevant concentrations. METHODS MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells, and HMF3A breast fibroblasts were treated with specific concentrations of p,p'-DDT, methoxychlor, benzophenone-2, bisphenol A, bisphenol S, 4-phenylphenol and n-butylparaben, with and without the presence of aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor inhibitors. RESULTS All test EDCs up-regulated aromatase mRNA, increased aromatase activity, significantly increased the aromatase-induced biosynthesis of the breast carcinogen 17β-estradiol, and increased ERα-positive breast cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Inadvertent exposures to 'phenolic' EDCs, increase estradiol biosynthesis, and estrogen-sensitive breast cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Williams
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippa D Darbre
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
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36
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Neutrophils life under estrogenic and xenoestrogenic control. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:203-211. [PMID: 30381249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years ago, scientists had identified cells that represent the most abundant population of peripheral blood leukocytes; they called this population neutrophils. Day by day, the knowledge specific to neutrophils is augmented with new and often surprising aspects and facts about neutrophils' life or death. Estrogens (estrone, estriol, and estradiol) are relevant for the regulation of immune responses that are related with neutrophils. An understanding of the molecular mechanism of the action of endogenous hormones allows us to predict the effects of the substances that commonly occur in an environment with estrogen-like properties (xenoestrogens (e.g., bisphenol A, DDT, tributyltin, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenol and octylphenol)). Therefore, we summarize current literature on the impact of estrogens and xenoestrogens, on each aspect of neutrophil life, as well as describe its mechanism of actions in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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37
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Roque C, Mendes-Oliveira J, Baltazar G. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activates cell type-specific signaling pathways in cortical cultures: relevance to the selective loss of astrocytes. J Neurochem 2019; 149:27-40. [PMID: 30570746 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor has been proposed to avoid some of the side effects elicited by the activation of classical estrogen receptors α and β. Although its contribution to neuroprotection triggered by estradiol in brain disorders has been explored, the results regarding ischemic stroke are contradictory, and currently, there is no consensus on the role that this receptor may play. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GPER in the ischemic insult. For that, primary cortical cultures exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were used as a model. Our results demonstrate that neuronal survival was strongly affected by the ischemic insult and concurrent GPER activation with G1 had no further impact. In contrast, OGD had a smaller impact on astrocytes survival but G1, alone or combined with OGD, promoted their apoptosis. This effect was prevented by the GPER antagonist G15. The results also show that ischemia did not change the expression levels of GPER in neurons and astrocytes. In this study, we also demonstrate that selective activation of GPER induced astrocyte apoptosis via the phospholipase C pathway and subsequent intracellular calcium rise, whereas in neurons, this effect was not observed. Taken together, this evidence supports a direct impact of GPER activity on the viability of astrocytes, which seems to be associated with the regulation of different signaling pathways in astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Roque
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Graça Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Rodríguez-Cuenca S, Vidal-Puig A, Galmés-Pascual BM, Sbert-Roig M, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Proenza AM. GPER and ERα mediate estradiol enhancement of mitochondrial function in inflamed adipocytes through a PKA dependent mechanism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:256-267. [PMID: 30253224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, dysregulated adipokine secretion, and disrupted adipose tissue mitochondrial function. Estradiol (E2) has been previously reported to increase mitochondrial function and biogenesis in several cell lines, but neither the type of oestrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ and GPER) involved nor the mechanism whereby such effects are exerted have been fully described. Considering the anti-inflammatory activity of E2 as well as its effects in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of ERα, ERβ, and GPER signaling to the E2-mediated enhancement of adipocyte mitochondrial function in a pro-inflammatory situation. 3T3-L1 cells were treated for 24 h with ER agonists (PPT, DPN, and G1) and antagonists (MPP, PHTPP, and G15) in the presence or absence of interleukin 6 (IL6), as a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Inflammation, mitochondrial function and biogenesis markers were analyzed. To confirm the involvement of the PKA pathway, cells were treated with a GPER agonist, a PKA inhibitor, and IL6. Mitochondrial function markers were analyzed. Our results showed that activation of ERα and GPER, but not ERβ, was able to counteract the proinflammatory effects of IL6 treatment, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and function indicators. Inhibition of PKA prevented the E2- and G1-associated increase in mitochondrial function markers. In conclusion E2 prevents IL6 induced inflammation in adipocytes and promotes mitochondrial function through the combined activation of both GPER and ERα. These findings expand our understanding of ER interactions under inflammatory conditions in female rodent white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC-Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC-Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Xu S, Yu S, Dong D, Lee LTO. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:725. [PMID: 31708873 PMCID: PMC6823181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a seven-transmembrane-domain receptor that mediates non-genomic estrogen related signaling. After ligand activation, GPER triggers multiple downstream pathways that exert diverse biological effects on the regulation of cell growth, migration and programmed cell death in a variety of tissues. A significant correlation between GPER and the progression of multiple cancers has likewise been reported. Therefore, a better understanding of the role GPER plays in cancer biology may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, especially among estrogen-related cancers. Here, we review cell signaling and detail the functions of GPER in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Daming Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Daming Dong
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Leo Tsz On Lee
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40
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Cabas I, Chaves-Pozo E, Mulero V, García-Ayala A. Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 89:102-110. [PMID: 30092317 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that estrogens, the primary female sex hormones, play a key role in modulating different aspects of the immune response. Moreover, estrogens have been linked with the sexual dimorphism observed in some immune disorders, such as chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, their effects are often controversial and depend on several factors, such as the pool of estrogen receptors (ERs) involved in the response. Their classical mode of action is through nuclear ERs, which act as transcription factors, promoting the regulation of target genes. However, it has long been noted that some of the estrogen-mediated effects cannot be explained by these classical receptors, since they are rapid and mediated by non-genomic signaling pathways. Hence, the interest in membrane ERs, especially in G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), has grown in recent years. Although the presence of nuclear ERs, and ER signaling, in immune cells in mammals and fish has been well documented, information on membrane ERs is much scarcer. In this context, the present manuscript aims to review our knowledge concerning the effect of estrogens on fish immunity, with special emphasis on GPER1. For example, the numerous tools developed over recent years allowed us to report for the first time that the regulation of fish granulocyte functions by estrogens through GPER1 predates the split of fish and tetrapods more than 450 million years ago, pointing to the relevance of estrogens as modulators of the immune responses, and the pivotal role of GPER1 in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Ogawa S, Tsukahara S, Choleris E, Vasudevan N. Estrogenic regulation of social behavior and sexually dimorphic brain formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 110:46-59. [PMID: 30392880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the estrogen, 17β-estradiol (17β-E), plays a central role for female reproductive physiology and behavior. Numerous studies have established the neurochemical and molecular basis of estrogenic induction of female sexual behavior, i.e., lordosis, in animal models. In addition, 17β-E also regulates male-type sexual and aggressive behavior. In males, testosterone secreted from the testes is irreversibly aromatized to 17β-E in the brain. We discuss the contribution of two nuclear receptor isoforms, estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ to the estrogenic regulation of sexually dimorphic brain formation and sex-typical expression of these social behaviors. Furthermore, 17β-E is a key player for social behaviors such as social investigation, preference, recognition and memory as well as anxiety-related behaviors in social contexts. Recent studies also demonstrated that not only nuclear receptor-mediated genomic signaling but also membrane receptor-mediated non-genomic actions of 17β-E may underlie the regulation of these behaviors. Finally, we will discuss how rapidly developing research tools and ideas allow us to investigate estrogenic action by emphasizing behavioral neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, WhiteKnights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
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GPER1 promotes estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion via non-genomic activation of c-Src/NF-κB/focal adhesion kinase cascade. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Rouhimoghadam M, Safarian S, Carroll JS, Sheibani N, Bidkhori G. Tamoxifen-Induced Apoptosis of MCF-7 Cells via GPR30/PI3K/MAPKs Interactions: Verification by ODE Modeling and RNA Sequencing. Front Physiol 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30050469 PMCID: PMC6050429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is one of the most widely used and effective therapeutic agent for breast cancer. It benefits nearly 75% of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer that receive this drug. Its effectiveness is mainly attributed to its capacity to function as an ER antagonist, blocking estrogen binding sites on the receptor, and inhibiting the proliferative action of the receptor-hormone complex. Although, tamoxifen can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors, it can also promote uterine hyperplasia in some women. Thus, tamoxifen as a multi-functional drug could have different effects on cells based on the utilization of effective concentrations or availability of specific co-factors. Evidence that tamoxifen functions as a GPR30 (G-Protein Coupled Receptor 30) agonist activating adenylyl cyclase and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) intracellular signaling networks, provides yet another means of explaining the multi-functionality of tamoxifen. Here ordinary differential equation (ODE) modeling, RNA sequencing and real time qPCR analysis were utilized to establish the necessary data for gene network mapping of tamoxifen-stimulated MCF-7 cells, which express the endogenous ER and GPR30. The gene set enrichment analysis and pathway analysis approaches were used to categorize transcriptionally upregulated genes in biological processes. Of the 2,713 genes that were significantly upregulated following a 48 h incubation with 250 μM tamoxifen, most were categorized as either growth-related or pro-apoptotic intermediates that fit into the Tp53 and/or MAPK signaling pathways. Collectively, our results display that the effects of tamoxifen on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line are mediated by the activation of important signaling pathways including Tp53 and MAPKs to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Safarian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gholamreza Bidkhori
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sahin N, Altun H, Kurutaş EB, Fındıklı E. Evaluation of estrogen and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) levels in drug-naïve patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2018; 18:126-131. [PMID: 29659348 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive and neuroendocrine function and exerts its effects through two classes of receptors, nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors (mERs). G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) is a member of mERs, and despite limited research on the levels of GPER in patients with psychiatric diseases, a role of GPER in such conditions has been suggested. Here we evaluated serum estrogen and GPER levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in relation to their age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A total of 82 children were included in the study, 47 drug- naïve patients with ADHD (age: 6-12 years; male/female: 34/13) and 35 healthy controls (age: 6-12 years; male/female: 19/16). The subgroups according to ADHD types were inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined. Serum estrogen was measured using an immunoassay system, while serum GPER was determined using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Estrogen levels in children with ADHD were similar as in control group, while GPER levels were significantly lower in ADHD group compared to controls (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between GPER levels and ADHD (p < 0.05), and no association between estrogen levels and ADHD (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in GPER and estrogen levels between ADHD subgroups (p > 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate estrogen and GPER levels in ADHD. Our preliminary findings suggest a relationship between serum GPER levels and ADHD, and this should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.
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Mouat MA, Coleman JLJ, Smith NJ. GPCRs in context: sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4047-4059. [PMID: 29451687 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of mortality worldwide, and there is a clear gender gap in disease occurrence, with men being predisposed to earlier onset of CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension, relative to women. Oestrogen may be a driving factor for female-specific cardioprotection, though androgens and sex chromosomes are also likely to contribute to sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system (CVS). Many GPCR-mediated processes are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, and some exhibit clear sex divergence. Here, we focus on the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, endothelin receptors ETA and ETB and the eicosanoid G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), discussing the evidence and potential mechanisms leading to gender dimorphic responses in the vasculature. The use of animal models and pharmacological tools has been essential to understanding the role of these receptors in the CVS and will be key to further delineating their sex-specific effects. Ultimately, this may illuminate wider sex differences in cardiovascular pathology and physiology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Mouat
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - James L J Coleman
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Smith
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
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Hadjimarkou MM, Vasudevan N. GPER1/GPR30 in the brain: Crosstalk with classical estrogen receptors and implications for behavior. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:57-64. [PMID: 28465157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The GPER1/GPR30 is a membrane estrogen receptor (mER) that binds 17β-estradiol (17β-E) with high affinity and is thought to play a role in cancer progression and cardiovascular health. Though widespread in the central nervous system, less is known about this receptor's function in the brain. GPER1 has been shown to activate kinase cascades and calcium flux within cells rapidly, thus fitting in with the idea of being a mER that mediates non-genomic signaling by estrogens. Signaling from GPER1 has been shown to improve spatial memory, possibly via release of neurotransmitters and generation of new spines on neurons in the hippocampus. In addition, GPER1 activation contributes to behaviors that denote anxiety and to social behaviors such as social memory and lordosis behavior in mice. In the male hippocampus, GPER1 activation has also been shown to phosphorylate the classical intracellular estrogen receptor (ER)α, suggesting that crosstalk with ERα is important in the display of these behaviors, many of which are absent in ERα-null mice. In this review, we present a number of categories of such crosstalk, using examples from literature. The function of GPER1 as an ERα collaborator or as a mER in different tissues is relevant to understanding both normal physiology and abnormal pathology, mediated by estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Hadjimarkou
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom RG6 6AS, United Kingdom.
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Barton M, Filardo EJ, Lolait SJ, Thomas P, Maggiolini M, Prossnitz ER. Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:4-15. [PMID: 28347854 PMCID: PMC5716468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in many aspects of physiology, particularly female reproductive function, but also in pathophysiology, and are associated with protection from numerous diseases in premenopausal women. Steroids and the effects of estrogen have been known for ∼90 years, with the first evidence for a receptor for estrogen presented ∼50 years ago. The original ancestral steroid receptor, extending back into evolution more than 500 million years, was likely an estrogen receptor, whereas G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) trace their origins back into history more than one billion years. The classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that confer estrogen sensitivity upon many genes. It was soon apparent that these, or novel receptors may also be responsible for the "rapid"/"non-genomic" membrane-associated effects of estrogen. The identification of an orphan GPCR (GPR30, published in 1996) opened a new field of research with the description in 2000 that GPR30 expression is required for rapid estrogen signaling. In 2005-2006, the field was greatly stimulated by two studies that described the binding of estrogen to GPR30-expressing cell membranes, followed by the identification of a GPR30-selective agonist (that lacked binding and activity towards ERα and ERβ). Renamed GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor) by IUPHAR in 2007, the total number of articles in PubMed related to this receptor recently surpassed 1000. In this article, the authors present personal perspectives on how they became involved in the discovery and/or advancement of GPER research. These areas include non-genomic effects on vascular tone, receptor cloning, molecular and cellular biology, signal transduction mechanisms and pharmacology of GPER, highlighting the roles of GPER and GPER-selective compounds in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer and the obligatory role of GPER in propagating cardiovascular aging, arterial hypertension and heart failure through the stimulation of Nox expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Edward J Filardo
- Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Stephen J Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Orhan FÖ, Kurutaş EB, Doğaner A, Türker E, Özcü SŞT, Güngör M, Çakmak S. Serum levels of GPER-1 in euthymic bipolar patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:855-862. [PMID: 29618927 PMCID: PMC5875407 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen and its receptors have been suggested as playing a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). Estrogen functions through the estrogen receptors alpha and beta and the recently discovered G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate serum GPER-1 levels in euthymic BD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 38 euthymic outpatients meeting the criteria for BD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and 35 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Medical histories were obtained and physical examinations and laboratory tests conducted. RESULTS Serum GPER-1 levels were measured in both patients and controls and found to be significantly higher in the BD patients than in controls. These results were not influenced by the medications in use. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that GPER-1 may play a role in BD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özlem Orhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Adem Doğaner
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ebru Türker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Safiye Şeyma Taner Özcü
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Meltem Güngör
- Vocational High School, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Çakmak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Findikli E, Kurutas EB, Camkurt MA, Karaaslan MF, Izci F, Fındıklı HA, Kardaş S, Dag B, Altun H. Increased Serum G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Levels and Its Diagnostic Value in Drug Naïve Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:337-342. [PMID: 29073745 PMCID: PMC5678488 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The facts that depression is more prevalent in females than in males and females are exposed to depression more commonly during certain hormonal fluctuating periods indicate the role of sex hormones in physiopathology. Estrogen acts over estrogen receptors alpha and beta and recently identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The present study aimed, for the first time, to evaluate serum GPER1 levels in drug-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Methods The study included 56 newly diagnosed drug-naïve MDD patients aged between 18 and 50 years and 42 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Medical history was obtained and physical examinations, laboratory tests, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were performed. The serum GPER1 levels were measured. Results The HAM-D score was significantly higher in the MDD patients than in the controls. The GPER1 level was significantly higher in the MDD patients than in the controls. A positive correlation was found with GPER1 levels and depression scores. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value as 82.1%, 90.5%, 92.0%, and 79.2%, respectively, for the presence of depression, when the serum GPER1 value was ≥0.16. Conclusion This study demonstrated significantly higher serum GPER1 levels in the MDD patients than in the controls, a positive correlation was found between GPER1 levels and depression scores and serum GPER1 level was valuable in predicting the presence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Findikli
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Camkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Karaaslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Filiz Izci
- Department of Psychiatry, Afşin State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | | | - Selçuk Kardaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Berat Dag
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
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50
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Decreased levels of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in children with autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:67-71. [PMID: 28734238 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones, specially estrogen, and ıt is receptors plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ASD and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a recently discovered estrogen receptors, and also to study the relation of serum GPER levels with the severity of autistic symptoms. The present study included 45 children with drug naive ASD diagnosed by DSM-V criteria, aged between 3 and 12 years and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The severity of ASD was evaluated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) total score. The GPER levels in the serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The serum GPER level was significantly lower in the ASD patients than in the controls. There was a negative significant correlation between the GPER level and the CARS score. There were no significant correlations between GPER level with estradiol and age. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the decreased serum GPER levels were associated with ASD and GPER may play an important role in the etiology of ASD.
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