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Demro C, Lahud E, Burton PC, Purcell JR, Simon JJ, Sponheim SR. Reward anticipation-related neural activation following cued reinforcement in adults with psychotic psychopathology and biological relatives. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1441-1451. [PMID: 38197294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with hypoactivation of reward sensitive brain areas during reward anticipation. However, it is unclear whether these neural functions are similarly impaired in other disorders with psychotic symptomatology or individuals with genetic liability for psychosis. If abnormalities in reward sensitive brain areas are shared across individuals with psychotic psychopathology and people with heightened genetic liability for psychosis, there may be a common neural basis for symptoms of diminished pleasure and motivation. METHODS We compared performance and neural activity in 123 people with a history of psychosis (PwP), 81 of their first-degree biological relatives, and 49 controls during a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task during fMRI. RESULTS PwP exhibited hypoactivation of the striatum and anterior insula (AI) during cueing of potential future rewards with each diagnostic group showing hypoactivations during reward anticipation compared to controls. Despite normative task performance, relatives demonstrated caudate activation intermediate between controls and PwP, nucleus accumbens activation more similar to PwP than controls, but putamen activation on par with controls. Across diagnostic groups of PwP there was less functional connectivity between bilateral caudate and several regions of the salience network (medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, AI) during reward anticipation. CONCLUSIONS Findings implicate less activation and connectivity in reward processing brain regions across a spectrum of disorders involving psychotic psychopathology. Specifically, aberrations in striatal and insular activity during reward anticipation seen in schizophrenia are partially shared with other forms of psychotic psychopathology and associated with genetic liability for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elijah Lahud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Philip C Burton
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John R Purcell
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joe J Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang C, Wang C, Ren Y, Zhang R, Ai L, Wu Y, Ran X, Wang M, Hu H, Shen J, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Ren W, Yu Y. Multi feature fusion network for schizophrenia classification and abnormal brain network recognition. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110848. [PMID: 38104673 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia classification and abnormal brain network recognition have an important research significance. Researchers have proposed many classification methods based on machine learning and deep learning. However, fewer studies utilized the advantages of complementary information from multi feature to learn the best representation of schizophrenia. In this study, we proposed a multi-feature fusion network (MFFN) using functional network connectivity (FNC) and time courses (TC) to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. DNN backbone was adopted to learn the feature map of functional network connectivity, C-RNNAM backbone was designed to learn the feature map of time courses, and Deep SHAP was applied to obtain the most discriminative brain networks. We proved the effectiveness of this proposed model using the combining two public datasets and evaluated this model quantitatively using the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the functional network connectivity generated by independent component analysis has advantage in schizophrenia classification by comparing static and dynamic functional connections. This method obtained the best classification accuracy (ACC=87.30%, SPE=89.28%, SEN=85.71%, F1 =88.23%, and AUC=0.9081), and it demonstrated the superiority of this proposed model by comparing state-of-the-art methods. Ablation experiment also demonstrated that multi feature fusion and attention module can improve classification accuracy. The most discriminative brain networks showed that default mode network and visual network of schizophrenia patients have aberrant connections in brain networks. In conclusion, this method can identify schizophrenia effectively and visualize the abnormal brain network, and it has important clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaning Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lunpu Ai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangying Ran
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Heshun Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiefen Shen
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Intelligent Medical Imaging Diagnosis, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zongya Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, China; School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China.
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Howes OD, Bukala BR, Beck K. Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:22-35. [PMID: 38110704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disability. Current pharmacotherapy for the disease predominantly uses one mechanism - dopamine D2 receptor blockade - but often shows limited efficacy and poor tolerability. These limitations highlight the need to better understand the aetiology of the disease to aid the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the latest meta-analyses and other findings on the neurobiology of prodromal, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, and the link to psychotic symptoms, focusing on imaging evidence from people with the disorder. This evidence demonstrates regionally specific neurotransmitter alterations, including higher glutamate and dopamine measures in the basal ganglia, and lower glutamate, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cortical regions, particularly the frontal cortex, relative to healthy individuals. We consider how dysfunction in cortico-thalamo-striatal-midbrain circuits might alter brain information processing to underlie psychotic symptoms. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for developing new, mechanistically based treatments and precision medicine for psychotic symptoms, as well as negative and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Bernard R Bukala
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Aitken CBA, Jentzsch I, O'Connor AR. Towards a conflict account of déjà vu: The role of memory errors and memory expectation conflict in the experience of déjà vu. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105467. [PMID: 37979736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Déjà vu can be defined as conflict between a subjective evaluation of familiarity and a concurrent evaluation of novelty. Accounts of the déjà vu experience have not explicitly referred to a "conflict account of déjà vu" despite the acceptance of conflict-based definitions of déjà vu and relatively recent neuroimaging work that has implicated brain areas associated with conflict as underpinning the experience. Conflict monitoring functioning follows a similar age-related trajectory to déjà vu with a peak in young adulthood and a subsequent age-related decline. In this narrative review of the literature to date, we consider how déjà vu is defined and how this has influenced the understanding of déjà vu. We also review how déjà vu can be understood within theories of recognition memory and cognitive control. Finally, we summarise the conflict account of déjà vu and propose that this account of the experience may provide a coherent explanation as to why déjà vu experiences tend to decrease with age in the non-clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B A Aitken
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Ines Jentzsch
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Akira R O'Connor
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Niu Y, Lui SSY, Hui L, Chan RCK. Revisiting reward impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis for neuroimaging findings. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7189-7202. [PMID: 36994747 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal reward functioning is central to anhedonia and amotivation symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Reward processing encompasses a series of psychological components. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the brain dysfunction related to reward processing of individuals with SCZ spectrum disorders and risks, covering multiple reward components. METHODS After a systematic literature search, 37 neuroimaging studies were identified and divided into four groups based on their target psychology components (i.e. reward anticipation, reward consumption, reward learning, effort computation). Whole-brain Seed-based d Mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted for all included studies and each component. RESULTS The meta-analysis for all reward-related studies revealed reduced functional activation across the SCZ spectrum in the striatum, orbital frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and cerebellar areas. Meanwhile, distinct abnormal patterns were found for reward anticipation (decreased activation of the cingulate cortex and striatum), reward consumption (decreased activation of cerebellum IV/V areas, insula and inferior frontal gyri), and reward learning processing (decreased activation of the striatum, thalamus, cerebellar Crus I, cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and parietal and occipital areas). Lastly, our qualitative review suggested that decreased activation of the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex was also involved in effort computation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide deep insights on the component-based neuro-psychopathological mechanisms for anhedonia and amotivation symptoms of the SCZ spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhe Niu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Hanewald B, Lockhofen DEL, Sammer G, Stingl M, Gallhofer B, Mulert C, Iffland JR. Functional connectivity in a monetary and social incentive delay task in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200860. [PMID: 37711426 PMCID: PMC10498543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies indicate impaired reward-related learning in individuals with schizophrenia, with various factors such as illness duration, medication, disease severity, and level of analysis (behavioral or neurophysiological data) potentially confounding the results. Patients with schizophrenia who are treated with second-generation antipsychotics have been found to have a less affected reward system. However, this finding does not explain the neural dysfunctions observed in previous studies. This study aimed to address the open question of whether the less impaired reward-related behavior is associated with unimpaired task-related functional connectivity or altered task-related functional connectivity. Methods The study included 23 participants diagnosed within the schizophrenia spectrum and 23 control participants matched in terms of age, sex, and education. Participants underwent an MRI while performing a monetary incentive delay task and a social incentive delay task. The collected data were analyzed in terms of behavior and functional connectivity. Results Both groups exhibited a main effect of reward type on behavioral performance, indicating faster reaction times in the social incentive delay task, but no main effect of reward level. Altered functional connectivity was observed in predictable brain regions within the patient group, depending on the chosen paradigm, but not when compared to healthy individuals. Discussion In addition to expected slower response times, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated similar response patterns to control participants at the behavioral level. The similarities in behavioral data may underlie different connectivity patterns. Our findings suggest that perturbations in reward processing do not necessarily imply disturbances in underlying connectivities. Consequently, we were able to demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia are indeed capable of exhibiting goal-directed, reward-responsive behavior, although there are differences depending on the type of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hanewald
- Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Perini F, Nazimek JM, Mckie S, Capitão LP, Scaife J, Pal D, Browning M, Dawson GR, Nishikawa H, Campbell U, Hopkins SC, Loebel A, Elliott R, Harmer CJ, Deakin B, Koblan KS. Effects of ulotaront on brain circuits of reward, working memory, and emotion processing in healthy volunteers with high or low schizotypy. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 37550314 PMCID: PMC10406926 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulotaront, a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist without antagonist activity at dopamine D2 or the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Here we report the phase 1 translational studies that profiled the effect of ulotaront on brain responses to reward, working memory, and resting state connectivity (RSC) in individuals with low or high schizotypy (LS or HS). Participants were randomized to placebo (n = 32), ulotaront (50 mg; n = 30), or the D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride (400 mg; n = 34) 2 h prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to task performance. Ulotaront increased subjective drowsiness, but reaction times were impaired by less than 10% and did not correlate with BOLD responses. In the Monetary Incentive Delay task (reward processing), ulotaront significantly modulated striatal responses to incentive cues, induced medial orbitofrontal responses, and prevented insula activation seen in HS subjects. In the N-Back working memory task, ulotaront modulated BOLD signals in brain regions associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Ulotaront did not show antidepressant-like biases in an emotion processing task. HS had significantly reduced connectivity in default, salience, and executive networks compared to LS participants and both drugs reduced this difference. Although performance impairment may have weakened or contributed to the fMRI findings, the profile of ulotaront on BOLD activations elicited by reward, memory, and resting state is compatible with an indirect modulation of dopaminergic function as indicated by preclinical studies. This phase 1 study supported the subsequent clinical proof of concept trial in people with schizophrenia.Clinical trial registration: Registry# and URL: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01972711, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01972711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perini
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jadwiga Maria Nazimek
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Shane Mckie
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Liliana P Capitão
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Jessica Scaife
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Deepa Pal
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- P1vital LTD, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Gerard R Dawson
- P1vital LTD, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Una Campbell
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Seth C Hopkins
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA.
| | - Antony Loebel
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kenneth S Koblan
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
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Menon V, Palaniyappan L, Supekar K. Integrative Brain Network and Salience Models of Psychopathology and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:108-120. [PMID: 36702660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain network models of cognitive control are central to advancing our understanding of psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review examines the role of large-scale brain organization in schizophrenia, with a particular focus on a triple-network model of cognitive control and its role in aberrant salience processing. First, we provide an overview of the triple network involving the salience, frontoparietal, and default mode networks and highlight the central role of the insula-anchored salience network in the aberrant mapping of salient external and internal events in schizophrenia. We summarize the extensive evidence that has emerged from structural, neurochemical, and functional brain imaging studies for aberrancies in these networks and their dynamic temporal interactions in schizophrenia. Next, we consider the hypothesis that atypical striatal dopamine release results in misattribution of salience to irrelevant external stimuli and self-referential mental events. We propose an integrated triple-network salience-based model incorporating striatal dysfunction and sensitivity to perceptual and cognitive prediction errors in the insula node of the salience network and postulate that dysregulated dopamine modulation of salience network-centered processes contributes to the core clinical phenotype of schizophrenia. Thus, a powerful paradigm to characterize the neurobiology of schizophrenia emerges when we combine conceptual models of salience with large-scale cognitive control networks in a unified manner. We conclude by discussing potential therapeutic leads on restoring brain network dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry and Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Dugré JR, Potvin S. Neural bases of frustration-aggression theory: A multi-domain meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 331:64-76. [PMID: 36924847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early evidence suggests that unexpected non-reward may increase the risk for aggressive behaviors. Despite the growing interest in understanding brain functions that may be implicated in aggressive behaviors, the neural processes underlying such frustrative events remain largely unknown. Furthermore, meta-analytic results have produced discrepant results, potentially due to substantial differences in the definition of anger/aggression constructs. METHODS Therefore, we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis, using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm, on neuroimaging studies examining reward omission and retaliatory behaviors in healthy subjects. Conjunction analyses were further examined to discover overlapping brain activations across these meta-analytic maps. RESULTS Frustrative non-reward deactivated the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum and posterior cingulate cortex, whereas increased activations were observed in midcingulo-insular regions. Retaliatory behaviors recruited the left fronto-insular and anterior midcingulate cortices, the dorsal caudate and the primary somatosensory cortex. Conjunction analyses revealed that both strongly activated midcingulo-insular regions. LIMITATIONS Spatial overlap between neural correlates of frustration and retaliatory behaviors was conducted using a conjunction analysis. Therefore, neurobiological markers underlying the temporal sequence of the frustration-aggression theory should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Nonetheless, our results underscore the role of anterior midcingulate/pre-supplementary motor area and fronto-insular cortex in both frustration and retaliatory behaviors. A neurobiological framework for understanding frustration-based impulsive aggression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
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Sabaroedin K, Tiego J, Fornito A. Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding Corticostriatothalamic Dysfunction Across the Psychosis Continuum. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:113-124. [PMID: 36253195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, but the mechanisms driving dopaminergic dysfunction in psychosis remain unclear. Considerable attention has focused on the role of corticostriatothalamic (CST) circuits, given that they regulate and are modulated by the activity of dopaminergic cells in the midbrain. Preclinical studies have proposed multiple models of CST dysfunction in psychosis, each prioritizing different brain regions and pathophysiological mechanisms. A particular challenge is that CST circuits have undergone considerable evolutionary modification across mammals, complicating comparisons across species. Here, we consider preclinical models of CST dysfunction in psychosis and evaluate the degree to which they are supported by evidence from human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies conducted across the psychosis continuum, ranging from subclinical schizotypy to established schizophrenia. In partial support of some preclinical models, human studies indicate that dorsal CST and hippocampal-striatal functional dysconnectivity are apparent across the psychosis spectrum and may represent a vulnerability marker for psychosis. In contrast, midbrain dysfunction may emerge when symptoms warrant clinical assistance and may thus be a trigger for illness onset. The major difference between clinical and preclinical findings is the strong involvement of the dorsal CST in the former, consistent with an increasing prominence of this circuitry in the primate brain. We close by underscoring the need for high-resolution characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity in psychosis to develop a refined understanding of how the dysfunction of specific circuit elements gives rise to distinct symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Departments of Radiology and Paediatrics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Giordano GM, Pezzella P, Giuliani L, Fazio L, Mucci A, Perrottelli A, Blasi G, Amore M, Rocca P, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Galderisi S. Resting-State Brain Activity Dysfunctions in Schizophrenia and Their Associations with Negative Symptom Domains: An fMRI Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010083. [PMID: 36672064 PMCID: PMC9856573 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the neurobiological correlates of the two negative symptom domains of schizophrenia, the Motivational Deficit domain (including avolition, anhedonia, and asociality) and the Expressive Deficit domain (including blunted affect and alogia), focusing on brain areas that are most commonly found to be associated with negative symptoms in previous literature. Resting-state (rs) fMRI data were analyzed in 62 subjects affected by schizophrenia (SZs) and 46 healthy controls (HCs). The SZs, compared to the HCs, showed higher rs brain activity in the right inferior parietal lobule and the right temporoparietal junction, and lower rs brain activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the bilateral anterior dorsal cingulate cortex, and the ventral and dorsal caudate. Furthermore, in the SZs, the rs brain activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex correlated with negative symptoms (r = -0.436, p = 0.006), in particular with the Motivational Deficit domain (r = -0.424, p = 0.002), even after controlling for confounding factors. The left ventral caudate correlated with negative symptoms (r = -0.407, p = 0.003), especially with the Expressive Deficit domain (r = -0.401, p = 0.003); however, these results seemed to be affected by confounding factors. In line with the literature, our results demonstrated that the two negative symptom domains might be underpinned by different neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pezzella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815666512
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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12
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Kandilarova S, Stoyanov D, Aryutova K, Paunova R, Mantarkov M, Mitrev I, Todeva-Radneva A, Specht K. Effective Connectivity Between the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Precuneus Differentiates Major Psychiatric Disorders: Results from a Transdiagnostic Spectral DCM Study. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:180-190. [PMID: 34533450 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210917142815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE We have previously identified aberrant connectivity of the left precuneus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula in patients with either a paranoid (schizophrenia), or a depressive syndrome (both unipolar and bipolar). In the current study, we attempted to replicate and expand these findings by including a healthy control sample and separating the patients in a depressive episode into two groups: unipolar and bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the connections between those major nodes of the resting state networks would demonstrate different patterns in the three patient groups compared to the healthy subjects. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI was performed on a sample of 101 participants, of which 26 patients with schizophrenia (current psychotic episodes), 24 subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD), 33 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (both BD and MDD patients were in a current depressive episode), and 21 healthy controls. Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling was used to calculate the coupling values between eight regions of interest, including the anterior precuneus (PRC), anterior hippocampus, anterior insula, angular gyrus, lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), middle frontal gyrus, planum temporale, and anterior thalamus. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We identified disturbed effective connectivity from the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex to the left anterior precuneus that differed significantly between unipolar depression, where the influence was inhibitory, and bipolar depression, where the effect was excitatory. A logistic regression analysis correctly classified 75% of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression based solely on the coupling values of this connection. In addition, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated negative effective connectivity from the anterior PRC to the lateral OFC, which distinguished them from healthy controls and patients with major depression. Future studies with unmedicated patients will be needed to establish the replicability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katrin Aryutova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitsa Paunova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mladen Mantarkov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Mitrev
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Todeva-Radneva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Zeng J, Yan J, Cao H, Su Y, Song Y, Luo Y, Yang X. Neural substrates of reward anticipation and outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of fMRI findings in the monetary incentive delay task. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:448. [PMID: 36244990 PMCID: PMC9573872 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward system is a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ), yet its precise contributions to different stages of reward processing and their relevance to disease symptomology are not fully understood. We performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis, using the monetary incentive delay task, to identify which brain regions are implicated in different reward phases in functional magnetic resonance imaging in SZ. A total of 17 studies (368 SZ and 428 controls) were included in the reward anticipation, and 10 studies (229 SZ and 281 controls) were included in the reward outcome. Our meta-analysis revealed that during anticipation, patients showed hypoactivation in the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, median cingulate cortex (MCC), amygdala, precentral gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus compared with controls. Striatum hypoactivation was negatively associated with negative symptoms and positively associated with the proportion of second-generation antipsychotic users (percentage of SGA users). During outcome, patients displayed hyperactivation in the striatum, insula, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and MCC, and hypoactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Hypoactivity of mPFC during outcome was negatively associated with positive symptoms. Moderator analysis showed that the percentage of SGA users was a significant moderator of the association between symptom severity and brain activity in both the anticipation and outcome stages. Our findings identified the neural substrates for different reward phases in SZ and may help explain the neuropathological mechanisms underlying reward processing deficits in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zeng
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Jiangnan Yan
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY USA ,grid.440243.50000 0004 0453 5950Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - Yueyue Su
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yuan Song
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Ya Luo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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14
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Wu H, Dai G, Aizezi M, Tang J, Zou K, Wu Y, Wu X. Gray matter reduction in bilateral insula mediating adverse psychiatric effects of body mass index in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:639. [PMID: 36221050 PMCID: PMC9552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both schizophrenia (SZ) and overweight/obesity (OWB) have shown some structural alterations in similar brain regions. As higher body mass index (BMI) often contributes to worse psychiatric outcomes in SZ, this study was designed to examine the effects of OWB on gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with SZ. METHODS Two hundred fifty subjects were included and stratified into four groups (n = 69, SZ patients with OWB, SZ-OWB; n = 74, SZ patients with normal weight, SZ-NW; n = 54, healthy controls with OWB, HC-OWB; and n = 53, HC with NW, HC-NW). All participants were scanned using high-resolution T1-weighted sequence. The whole-brain voxel-based morphometry was applied to examine the GMV alterations, and a 2 × 2 full factorial analysis of variance was performed to identify the main effects of diagnosis (SZ vs HC), BMI (NW vs OWB) factors, and their interactions. Further, the post hoc analysis was conducted to compare the pairwise differences in GMV alterations. RESULTS The main effects of diagnosis were located in right hippocampus, bilateral insula, rectus, median cingulate/paracingulate gyri and thalamus (SZ < HC); while the main effects of BMI were displayed in right amygdala, left hippocampus, bilateral insula, left lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (OWB < NW). There were no significant diagnosis-by-BMI interaction effects in the present study, but the results showed that both SZ and OWB were additively associated with lower GMV in bilateral insula. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed the indirect effect of BMI on negative symptom via GMV reduction in bilateral insula. CONCLUSION This study further supports that higher BMI is associated with lower GMV, which may increase the risk of unfavourable disease courses in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China
| | - Guochao Dai
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Radiology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Muyeseer Aizezi
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Psychiatry Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang China
| | - Juan Tang
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Psychiatry Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang China
| | - Ke Zou
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China ,Radiology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China. .,Psychiatry Department, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,The Affiliated Kashi Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China.
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15
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Kaliuzhna M, Kirschner M, Tobler PN, Kaiser S. Comparing adaptive coding of reward in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:523-534. [PMID: 36111883 PMCID: PMC9842918 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neural processing of reward have been described in both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but it remains unclear to what extent these deficits are caused by similar mechanisms. Efficient reward processing relies on adaptive coding which allows representing large input spans by limited neuronal encoding ranges. Deficits in adaptive coding of reward have previously been observed across the SZ spectrum and correlated with total symptom severity. In the present work, we sought to establish whether adaptive coding is similarly affected in patients with BD. Twenty-five patients with BD, 27 patients with SZ and 25 healthy controls performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in two reward range conditions. Adaptive coding was impaired in the posterior part of the right caudate in BD and SZ (trend level). In contrast, BD did not show impaired adaptive coding in the anterior caudate and right precentral gyrus/insula, where SZ showed deficits compared to healthy controls. BD patients show adaptive coding deficits that are similar to those observed in SZ in the right posterior caudate. Adaptive coding in BD appeared more preserved as compared to SZ participants especially in the more anterior part of the right caudate and to a lesser extent also in the right precentral gyrus. Thus, dysfunctional adaptive coding could constitute a fundamental deficit in severe mental illnesses that extends beyond the SZ spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Philippe N. Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of EconomicsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Group, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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16
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Sabaroedin K, Razi A, Chopra S, Tran N, Pozaruk A, Chen Z, Finlay A, Nelson B, Allott K, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Graham J, Yuen HP, Harrigan S, Cropley V, Sharma S, Saluja B, Williams R, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, O’Donoghue B, Francey S, McGorry P, Aquino K, Fornito A. Frontostriatothalamic effective connectivity and dopaminergic function in the psychosis continuum. Brain 2022; 146:372-386. [PMID: 35094052 PMCID: PMC9825436 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuits is thought to contribute to dopaminergic dysfunction and symptom onset in psychosis, but it remains unclear whether this dysfunction is driven by aberrant bottom-up subcortical signalling or impaired top-down cortical regulation. We used spectral dynamic causal modelling of resting-state functional MRI to characterize the effective connectivity of dorsal and ventral FST circuits in a sample of 46 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients and 23 controls and an independent sample of 36 patients with established schizophrenia and 100 controls. We also investigated the association between FST effective connectivity and striatal 18F-DOPA uptake in an independent healthy cohort of 33 individuals who underwent concurrent functional MRI and PET. Using a posterior probability threshold of 0.95, we found that midbrain and thalamic connectivity were implicated as dysfunctional across both patient groups. Dysconnectivity in first-episode psychosis patients was mainly restricted to the subcortex, with positive symptom severity being associated with midbrain connectivity. Dysconnectivity between the cortex and subcortical systems was only apparent in established schizophrenia patients. In the healthy 18F-DOPA cohort, we found that striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was associated with the effective connectivity of nigrostriatal and striatothalamic pathways, implicating similar circuits to those associated with psychotic symptom severity in patients. Overall, our findings indicate that subcortical dysconnectivity is evident in the early stages of psychosis, that cortical dysfunction may emerge later in the illness, and that nigrostriatal and striatothalamic signalling are closely related to striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, which is a robust marker for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Correspondence to: Kristina Sabaroedin Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health 770 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia E-mail:
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nancy Tran
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrii Pozaruk
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Graham
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hok P Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susy Harrigan
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville. Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sujit Sharma
- Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria 3175, Australia
| | | | - Rob Williams
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian O’Donoghue
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shona Francey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Aquino
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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17
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Jeganathan J, Breakspear M. An active inference perspective on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:732-738. [PMID: 33865502 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Predictive coding has played a transformative role in the study of psychosis, casting delusions and hallucinations as statistical inference in a system with abnormal precision. However, the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as affective blunting, avolition, and asociality, remain poorly understood. We propose a computational framework for emotional expression based on active inference-namely that affective behaviours such as smiling are driven by predictions about the social consequences of smiling. Similarly to how delusions and hallucinations can be explained by predictive uncertainty in sensory circuits, negative symptoms naturally arise from uncertainty in social prediction circuits. This perspective draws on computational principles to explain blunted facial expressiveness and apathy-anhedonia in schizophrenia. Its phenomenological consequences also shed light on the content of paranoid delusions and indistinctness of self-other boundaries. Close links are highlighted between social prediction, facial affect mirroring, and the fledgling study of interoception. Advances in automated analysis of facial expressions and acoustic speech patterns will allow empirical testing of these computational models of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Jeganathan
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science, and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Michael Breakspear
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science, and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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18
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Neumann SR, Glue P, Linscott RJ. Aberrant salience and reward processing: a comparison of measures in schizophrenia and anxiety. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1507-1515. [PMID: 32148214 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant salience may contribute to the development of schizophrenia symptoms via alterations in reward processing and motivation. However, tests of this hypothesis have yielded inconsistent results. These inconsistencies may reflect problems with the validity and specificity of measures of aberrant salience in schizophrenia. Therefore, we investigated relationships among measures of aberrant salience, reward, and motivation in schizophrenia and anxiety. METHOD Individuals with schizophrenia (n = 30), anxiety (n = 33) or unaffected by mental disorder (n = 30) completed measures of aberrant salience [Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI), Salience Attribution Test (SAT)], motivation (Effort Expenditure for Reward Task), and reinforcer sensitivity (Stimulus Chase Task). RESULTS Schizophrenia participants scored higher than anxiety (d = 0.71) and unaffected (d = 1.54) groups on the ASI and exhibited greater aberrant salience (d = 0.60) and lower adaptive salience (d = 0.98) than anxious participants on the SAT. There was no evidence of a correlation between measures of aberrant salience. Schizophrenia was associated with related deficits in motivated behaviour and maladaptive reward processing. However, these differences in reward processing did not correlate with aberrant salience measures. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that key measures of aberrant salience have limited specificity and validity. These problems may account for inconsistent findings reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Glue
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Kim BH, Kim HE, Lee JS, Kim JJ. Anhedonia Relates to the Altered Global and Local Grey Matter Network Properties in Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071395. [PMID: 33807226 PMCID: PMC8038049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is one of the major negative symptoms in schizophrenia and defined as the loss of hedonic experience to various stimuli in real life. Although structural magnetic resonance imaging has provided a deeper understanding of anhedonia-related abnormalities in schizophrenia, network analysis of the grey matter focusing on this symptom is lacking. In this study, single-subject grey matter networks were constructed in 123 patients with schizophrenia and 160 healthy controls. The small-world property of the grey matter network and its correlations with the level of physical and social anhedonia were evaluated using graph theory analysis. In the global scale whole-brain analysis, the patients showed reduced small-world property of the grey matter network. The local-scale analysis further revealed reduced small-world property in the default mode network, salience/ventral attention network, and visual network. The regional-level analysis showed an altered relationship between the small-world properties and the social anhedonia scale scores in the cerebellar lobule in patients with schizophrenia. These results indicate that anhedonia in schizophrenia may be related to abnormalities in the grey matter network at both the global whole-brain scale and local-regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jung Suk Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10444, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence:
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20
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Grill F, Nyberg L, Rieckmann A. Neural correlates of reward processing: Functional dissociation of two components within the ventral striatum. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01987. [PMID: 33300306 PMCID: PMC7882172 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rewarding and punishing stimuli elicit BOLD responses in the affective division of the striatum. The responses typically traverse from the affective to the associative division of the striatum, suggesting an involvement of associative processes during the modulation of stimuli valance. In this study, we hypothesized that fMRI responses to rewards versus punishments in a guessing card game can be disassociated into two functional component processes that reflect the convergence of limbic and associative functional networks in the ventral striatum. METHODS We used fMRI data of 175 (92 female) subjects from the human connectome project´s gambling task, working memory task, and resting-state scans. A reward > punish contrast identified a ventral striatum cluster from which voxelwise GLM parameter estimates were entered into a k-means clustering algorithm. The k-means analysis supported separating the cluster into two spatially distinct components. These components were used as seeds to investigate their functional connectivity profile. GLM parameter estimates were extracted and compared from the task contrasts reward > punish and 2-back > 0-back from two ROIs in the ventral striatum and one ROI in hippocampus. RESULTS The analyses converged to show that a superior striatal component, coupled with the ventral attention and frontal control networks, was responsive to both a modulation of cognitive control in working memory and to rewards, whereas the most inferior part of the ventral striatum, coupled with the limbic and default mode networks including the hippocampus, was selectively responsive to rewards. CONCLUSION We show that the fMRI response to rewards in the ventral striatum reflects a mixture of component processes of reward. An inferior ventral striatal component and hippocampus are part of an intrinsically coupled network that responds to reward-based processing during gambling. The more superior ventral striatal component is intrinsically coupled to networks involved with executive functioning and responded to both reward and cognitive control demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Grill
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Howes OD, Hird EJ, Adams RA, Corlett PR, McGuire P. Aberrant Salience, Information Processing, and Dopaminergic Signaling in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:304-314. [PMID: 32430200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant salience hypothesis proposes that striatal dopamine dysregulation causes misattribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli leading to psychosis. Recently, new lines of preclinical evidence on information coding by subcortical dopamine coupled with computational models of the brain's ability to predict and make inferences about the world (predictive processing) provide a new perspective on this hypothesis. We review these and summarize the evidence for dopamine dysfunction, reward processing, and salience abnormalities in people at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) relative to findings in patients with psychosis. This review identifies consistent evidence for dysregulated subcortical dopamine function in people at CHR, but also indicates a number of areas where neurobiological processes are different in CHR subjects relative to patients with psychosis, particularly in reward processing. We then consider how predictive processing models may explain psychotic symptoms in terms of alterations in prediction error and precision signaling using Bayesian approaches. We also review the potential role of environmental risk factors, particularly early adverse life experiences, in influencing the prior expectations that individuals have about their world in terms of computational models of the progression from being at CHR to frank psychosis. We identify a number of key outstanding questions, including the relative roles of prediction error or precision signaling in the development of symptoms and the mechanism underlying dopamine dysfunction. Finally, we discuss how the integration of computational psychiatry with biological investigation may inform the treatment for people at CHR of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emily J Hird
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R Corlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Schwarz K, Moessnang C, Schweiger JI, Baumeister S, Plichta MM, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Wackerhagen C, Erk S, Walter H, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Transdiagnostic Prediction of Affective, Cognitive, and Social Function Through Brain Reward Anticipation in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression, and Autism Spectrum Diagnoses. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:592-602. [PMID: 31586408 PMCID: PMC7147576 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between transdiagnostic, dimensional, and categorical approaches to psychiatric nosology is under intense debate. To inform this discussion, we studied neural systems linked to reward anticipation across a range of disorders and behavioral dimensions. We assessed brain responses to reward expectancy in a large sample of 221 participants, including patients with schizophrenia (SZ; n = 27), bipolar disorder (BP; n = 28), major depressive disorder (MD; n = 31), autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 110). We also characterized all subjects with an extensive test battery from which a cognitive, affective, and social functioning factor was constructed. These factors were subsequently related to functional responses in the ventral striatum (vST) and neural networks linked to it. We found that blunted vST responses were present in SZ, BP, and ASD but not in MD. Activation within the vST predicted individual differences in affective, cognitive, and social functioning across diagnostic boundaries. Network alterations extended beyond the reward network to include regions implicated in executive control. We further confirmed the robustness of our results in various control analyses. Our findings suggest that altered brain responses during reward anticipation show transdiagnostic alterations that can be mapped onto dimensional measures of functioning. They also highlight the role of executive control of reward and salience signaling in the disorders we study and show the power of systems-level neuroscience to account for clinically relevant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schwarz
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Wackerhagen
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +49-(0)-621-1703-2001, fax: +49-(0)-621-1703-2005, e-mail:
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23
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Toward integrated understanding of salience in psychosis. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 131:104414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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24
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Chun CA, Brugger P, Kwapil TR. Aberrant Salience Across Levels of Processing in Positive and Negative Schizotypy. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2073. [PMID: 31620045 PMCID: PMC6759779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct conceptualized as the expression of the underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia. Certain traits of positive schizotypy, such as odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences, suspiciousness, and referential thinking show associations with aberrant salience. Positive schizotypy may involve hyper-attribution of salience toward insignificant events, whereas negative schizotypy may involve hypo-attribution of salience, even toward important events. Attribution of salience is thought to involve dopamine-mediated processes, a mechanism that is disrupted in schizotypy; however, little is known about the cognitive processes potentially underlying salience attribution. The present study assessed the relationship between aberrant salience and latent inhibition (LI), as well as their associations with positive and negative schizotypy. Salience was measured at various stages of processing, including visual salience, attributions of salience to contingency illusions, and self-reported experience of salience. Schizotypy traits were differentially associated with self-reported aberrant salience experiences: positive schizotypy showed positive associations (β = 0.67, f2 = 0.82, large effect) and negative schizotypy showed inverse associations (β = -0.20, f2 = 0.07, small effect). However, neither schizotypy dimension was associated with visual salience, contingency illusions, or LI. Salience processing across perceptual, cognitive, and experiential levels likely involves different mechanisms, some of which may not show major disruption in subclinical manifestations of schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Chun
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Brugger
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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25
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Zhang Y, Suo X, Ding H, Liang M, Yu C, Qin W. Structural connectivity profile supports laterality of the salience network. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5242-5255. [PMID: 31436006 PMCID: PMC6864895 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The salience network (SN) is mainly involved in detecting and filtering multimodal salient stimuli, and mediating the switch between the default mode network and central executive network. Early studies have indicated a right‐sided dominance in the functional organization of the SN; however, the anatomical basis of the functional lateralization remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the structural connectivity profile between the frontoinsular cortex (FIC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which are two core hubs of the SN, is also dominant in the right hemisphere. Based on diffusion and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI) of adult healthy volunteers in independent datasets, we found a stable right‐sided laterality of both the FIC‐dACC structural and functional connectivity in both the human connectome project cohort and a local Chinese cohort. Furthermore, a significant effect of aging on the integrity of the right FIC‐dACC structural connectivity was also identified. The right‐sided laterality of the structural organization of the SN may help us to better understand the functional roles of the SN in the normal human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodan Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjun Suo
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ding
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Liang
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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26
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Hare SM, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Damaraju E, Bustillo J, Belger A, Lee HJ, Mueller BA, Lim KO, Brown GG, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Potkin SG, Calhoun VD, Turner JA. Salience-Default Mode Functional Network Connectivity Linked to Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:892-901. [PMID: 30169884 PMCID: PMC6581131 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, debilitating mental disorder characterized by wide-ranging symptoms including delusions, hallucinations (so-called positive symptoms), and impaired motor and speech/language production (so-called negative symptoms). Salience-monitoring theorists propose that abnormal functional communication between the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) begets positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, yet prior studies have predominately reported links between disrupted SN/DMN functional communication and positive symptoms. It remains unclear whether disrupted SN/DMN functional communication explains (1) solely positive symptoms or (2) both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. To address this question, we incorporate time-lag-shifted functional network connectivity (FNC) analyses that explored coherence of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signal of 3 networks (anterior DMN, posterior DMN, and SN) with fixed time lags introduced between network time series (1 TR = 2 s; 2 TR = 4 s). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that severity of disordered thought and attentional deficits were negatively associated with 2 TR-shifted FNC between anterior DMN and posterior DMN. Meanwhile, severity of flat affect and bizarre behavior were positively associated with 1 TR-shifted FNC between anterior DMN and SN. These results provide support favoring the hypothesis that lagged SN/DMN functional communication is associated with both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith M Ford
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hyo Jong Lee
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, CAIIT, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gregory G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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27
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Xu P, Klaasen NG, Opmeer EM, Pijnenborg GHM, van Tol MJ, Liemburg EJ, Aleman A. Intrinsic mesocorticolimbic connectivity is negatively associated with social amotivation in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:353-359. [PMID: 30711314 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social amotivation is a core element of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it is still largely unknown which neural substrates underpin social amotivation in people with schizophrenia, though deficiencies in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system have been proposed. METHODS We examined the association between social amotivation and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area-seeded intrinsic connectivity in 84 people with schizophrenia using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Spontaneous fluctuations of midbrain dopaminergic regions were positively associated with striatal and prefrontal fluctuations in people with schizophrenia. Most importantly, social amotivation was negatively associated with functional connectivity between the midbrain's substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area and medial- and lateral prefrontal cortex, the temporoparietal junction, and dorsal and ventral striatum. These associations were observed independently of depressive and positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that social amotivation in people with schizophrenia is associated with altered intrinsic connectivity of mesocorticolimbic pathways linked to cognitive control and reward processing. Dysconnectivity of dopaminergic neuronal ensembles that are fundamental to approach behavior and motivation may help explain the lack of initiative social behavior in people with social amotivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicky G Klaasen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther M Opmeer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Health and Social Work, University of applied sciences Windesheim, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdina H M Pijnenborg
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Assen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edith J Liemburg
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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28
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Koreki A, Maeda T, Okimura T, Terasawa Y, Kikuchi T, Umeda S, Nishikata S, Yagihashi T, Kasahara M, Nagai C, Moriyama Y, Den R, Watanabe T, Kikumoto H, Kato M, Mimura M. Dysconnectivity of the Agency Network in Schizophrenia: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:171. [PMID: 31001152 PMCID: PMC6456683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-disturbances in schizophrenia have recently been explained by an abnormality in the sense of agency (SoA). The cerebral structures of SoA in healthy people are considered to mainly include the insula and inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, the functional lesion of aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is not yet fully understood. Considering the recent explanation of establishing SoA from the standpoint of associative learning, the "agency network" may include not only the insula and inferior parietal lobule but also the striatum. We hypothesized that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is based on a deficit in the "agency network." Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while patients with schizophrenia (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15) performed our adaptation method of agency attribution task on a trial-by-trial basis to assess participants' explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an action and an external event with temporal biases. Analysis of functional connectivity was done using the right supramarginal gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus as seed regions. Results: In healthy controls, analyses revealed increased activation of the right inferior parietal lobule (mainly the supramarginal gyrus), right insula, and right middle frontal gyrus as an activation of the agency condition. We defined activated Brodmann areas shown in the agency condition of healthy controls as the seed region for connectivity analysis. The connectivity analysis revealed lower connectivity between the head of the left caudate nucleus and right supramarginal gyrus in the patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: This dysconnectivity of the agency network in schizophrenia may lead to self-disturbance through deficits in associative learning of SoA. These findings may explain why pathological function of the striatum in schizophrenia leads to self-disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Terasawa
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Nishikata
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yagihashi
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Kasahara
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Nagai
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Moriyama
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Den
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Watanabe
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Motoichiro Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Knolle F, Ermakova AO, Justicia A, Fletcher PC, Bunzeck N, Düzel E, Murray GK. Brain responses to different types of salience in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis: An fMRI study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:196. [PMID: 30242202 PMCID: PMC6154975 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal salience processing has been suggested to contribute to the formation of positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and related conditions. Previous research utilising reward learning or anticipation paradigms has demonstrated cortical and subcortical abnormalities in people with psychosis, specifically in the prefrontal cortex, the dopaminergic midbrain and the striatum. In these paradigms, reward prediction errors attribute motivational salience to stimuli. However, little is known about possible abnormalities across different forms of salience processing in psychosis patients, and whether any such abnormalities involve the dopaminergic midbrain. The aim of our study was, therefore, to investigate possible alterations in psychosis in neural activity in response to various forms of salience: novelty, negative emotion, targetness (task-driven salience) and rareness/deviance. We studied 14 antipsychotic naïve participants with first episode psychosis, and 37 healthy volunteers. During fMRI scanning, participants performed a visual oddball task containing these four forms of salience. Psychosis patients showed abnormally reduced signalling in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) for novelty, negative emotional salience and targetness; reduced striatal and occipital (lingual gyrus) signalling to novelty and negative emotional salience, reduced signalling in the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocamal gyrus to negative emotional salience, and reduced cerebellar signalling to novelty and negative emotional salience. Our results indicate alterations of several forms of salience processing in patients with psychosis in the midbrain SN/VTA, with additional subcortical and cortical regions also showing alterations in salience signalling, the exact pattern of alterations depending on the form of salience in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Knolle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anna O Ermakova
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Azucena Justicia
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)., Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Graham K Murray
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Kim BH, Shin YB, Kyeong S, Lee SK, Kim JJ. Disrupted salience processing involved in motivational deficits for real-life activities in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:407-413. [PMID: 29395610 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Motivational deficits in patients with schizophrenia adversely affect various domains of daily living. This symptom in everyday life situations manifests in a complex behavioral pattern whose root cannot be simplified to an impaired reward-motivation scheme. This study aimed to identify impairment of the salience network that underlies motivational deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia in real-life situations. During the functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 normal controls performed a task mimicking real-life situations, in which an avatar proposed participation in a daily activity with either an intrinsic or extrinsic reward. Group and type-of-reward effects were evaluated with respect to brain activity. Further, psychophysiological interactions were analyzed for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula, which are the key nodes of the salience network. The acceptance of the proposal was significantly higher for intrinsic than for extrinsic rewards in controls, whereas patients showed no difference. The imaging results showed a group effect in the dACC, right insula, thalamus, and lingual gyrus. The dACC showed negative contrast interaction with regions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the right insula showed positive contrast interaction with the occipital gyrus and precentral gyrus. These results suggest that patients exhibit no different participation behavior between activities with intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, which can be explained by the floor effect. Disrupted salience processing in schizophrenia including aberrant salience network and a disconnection of the salience and reward networks may account for the lack of motivation for daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Shin
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyon Kyeong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Koo Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Giordano GM, Stanziano M, Papa M, Mucci A, Prinster A, Soricelli A, Galderisi S. Functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and avolition in subjects with schizophrenia: a resting state functional MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:589-602. [PMID: 29653743 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avolition, a deficit in goal-directed behavior, is a key aspect of negative symptoms. It is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and is associated to poor functional outcome and to measures of real life motivation, indicating that central to the concept is the lack of interest and motivation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that avolition is related to altered connectivity within dopaminergic cortico-striatal circuits involved in motivation processes. Since dopamine input to these circuits derives mostly from the ventro-tegmental area (VTA), we investigated the relationships between the resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) of the VTA and avolition in twenty-six subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ), treated with second-generation antipsychotics only, compared to twenty-two healthy controls (HC). SCZ, in comparison to HC, showed significantly reduced RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), bilateral insular cortex (IC) and right (R) lateral occipital complex (LOC) and increased RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were found between avolition and RS-FC of the VTA with the bilateral IC, R VLPFC and R LOC. According to our findings, avolition is linked to a disconnectivity of the VTA from several key cortical regions involved in the integration of value information with action selection. These findings are in line with translational animal models of "auto-activation apathy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Stanziano
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Prinster
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Research Institute SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Khokhar JY, Dwiel L, Henricks A, Doucette WT, Green AI. The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis. Schizophr Res 2018; 194:78-85. [PMID: 28416205 PMCID: PMC6094954 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders occur commonly in patients with schizophrenia and dramatically worsen their overall clinical course. While the exact mechanisms contributing to substance use in schizophrenia are not known, a number of theories have been put forward to explain the basis of the co-occurrence of these disorders. We propose here a unifying hypothesis that combines recent evidence from epidemiological and genetic association studies with brain imaging and pre-clinical studies to provide an updated formulation regarding the basis of substance use in patients with schizophrenia. We suggest that the genetic determinants of risk for schizophrenia (especially within neural systems that contribute to the risk for both psychosis and addiction) make patients vulnerable to substance use. Since this vulnerability may arise prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms, an increased use of substances in adolescence may both enhance the risk for developing a later substance use disorder, and also serve as an additional risk factor for the appearance of psychotic symptoms. Future studies that assess brain circuitry in a prospective longitudinal manner during adolescence prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms could shed further light on the mechanistic underpinnings of these co-occurring disorders while identifying potential points of intervention for these difficult-to-treat co-occurring disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Dwiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
| | - Angela Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
| | | | - Alan I. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College
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33
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Chase HW, Loriemi P, Wensing T, Eickhoff SB, Nickl-Jockschat T. Meta-analytic evidence for altered mesolimbic responses to reward in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2917-2928. [PMID: 29573046 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of reward-related neural circuitry in schizophrenia (SCZ) has been widely reported, and may provide insight into the motivational and cognitive disturbances that characterize the disorder. Although previous meta-analyses of reward learning paradigms in SCZ have been performed, a meta-analysis of whole-brain coordinate maps in SCZ alone has not been conducted. In this study, we performed an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis, and performed a follow-up analysis of functional connectivity and functional decoding of identified regions. We report several salient findings that extend prior work in this area. First, an alteration in reward-related activation was observed in the right ventral striatum, but this was not solely driven by hypoactivation in the SCZ group compared to healthy controls. Second, the region was characterized by functional connectivity primarily with the lateral prefrontal cortex and pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), as well as subcortical regions such as the thalamus which show structural deficits in SCZ. Finally, although the meta-analysis showed no regions outside the ventral striatum to be significantly altered, regions with higher functional connectivity with the ventral striatum showed a greater number of subthreshold foci. Together, these findings confirm the alteration of ventral striatal function in SCZ, but suggest that a network-based approach may assist future analysis of the functional underpinnings of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Loriemi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Juelich Aachen Research Alliance - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wensing
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Juelich Aachen Research Alliance - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Juelich Aachen Research Alliance - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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34
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GluD1, linked to schizophrenia, controls the burst firing of dopamine neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:691-700. [PMID: 28696429 PMCID: PMC5822454 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mutations of the GRID1 gene encoding the orphan delta1 glutamate receptor-channel (GluD1) are associated with schizophrenia but the explicit role of GluD1 in brain circuits is unknown. Based on the known function of its paralog GluD2 in cerebellum, we searched for a role of GluD1 in slow glutamatergic transmission mediated by metabotropic receptor mGlu1 in midbrain dopamine neurons, whose dysfunction is a hallmark of schizophrenia. We found that an mGlu1 agonist elicits a slow depolarizing current in HEK cells co-expressing mGlu1 and GluD1, but not in cells expressing mGlu1 or GluD1 alone. This current is abolished by additional co-expression of a dominant-negative GluD1 dead pore mutant. We then characterized mGlu1-dependent currents in dopamine neurons from midbrain slices. Both the agonist-evoked and the slow postsynaptic currents are abolished by expression of the dominant-negative GluD1 mutant, pointing to the involvement of native GluD1 channels in these currents. Likewise, both mGlu1-dependent currents are suppressed in GRID1 knockout mice, which reportedly display endophenotypes relevant for schizophrenia. It is known that mGlu1 activation triggers the transition from tonic to burst firing of dopamine neurons, which signals salient stimuli and encodes reward prediction. In vivo recordings of dopamine neurons showed that their spontaneous burst firing is abolished in GRID1 knockout mice or upon targeted expression of the dominant-negative GluD1 mutant in wild-type mice. Our results de-orphanize GluD1, unravel its key role in slow glutamatergic transmission and provide insights into how GRID1 gene alterations can lead to dopaminergic dysfunctions in schizophrenia.
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35
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Repple J, Pawliczek CM, Voss B, Siegel S, Schneider F, Kohn N, Habel U. From provocation to aggression: the neural network. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:73. [PMID: 29041906 PMCID: PMC5646154 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In-vivo observations of neural processes during human aggressive behavior are difficult to obtain, limiting the number of studies in this area. To address this gap, the present study implemented a social reactive aggression paradigm in 29 healthy men, employing non-violent provocation in a two-player game to elicit aggressive behavior in fMRI settings. Results Participants responded more aggressively after high provocation reflected in taking more money from their opponents. Comparing aggression trials after high provocation to those after low provocation revealed activations in neural circuits involved in aggression: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the insula. In general, our findings indicate that aggressive behavior activates a complex, widespread brain network, reflecting a cortico-limbic interaction and overlapping with circuits underlying negative emotions and conflicting decision-making. Brain activation during provocation in the OFC was associated with the degree of aggressive behavior in this task. Conclusion Therefore, data suggest there is greater susceptibility for provocation, rather than less inhibition of aggressive tendencies, in individuals with higher aggressive responses. This further supports the hypothesis that reactive aggression can be seen as a consequence of provocation of aggressive emotional responses and parallel evaluative regulatory processes mediated mainly by the insula and prefrontal areas (OFC, mPFC, dlPFC, and ACC) respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0390-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN-Translational Brain Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina M Pawliczek
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN-Translational Brain Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bianca Voss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN-Translational Brain Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 125 S. 31st Street, Translational Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA BRAIN-Translational Brain Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA BRAIN-Translational Brain Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Smucny J, Tregellas JR. Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:801-811. [PMID: 28441884 PMCID: PMC5963521 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117705071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia self-administer nicotine at rates higher than is self-administered for any other psychiatric illness. Although the reasons are unclear, one hypothesis suggests that nicotine is a form of 'self-medication' in order to restore normal levels of nicotinic signaling and target abnormalities in neuronal function associated with cognitive processes. This brief review discusses evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients that nicotinic agonists may effectively target dysfunctional neuronal circuits in the illness. Evidence suggests that nicotine significantly modulates a number of these circuits, although relatively few studies have used modern neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) to examine the effects of nicotinic drugs on disease-related neurobiology. The neuronal effects of nicotine and other nicotinic agonists in schizophrenia remain a priority for psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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37
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Bernard JA, Russell CE, Newberry RE, Goen JR, Mittal VA. Patients with schizophrenia show aberrant patterns of basal ganglia activation: Evidence from ALE meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:450-463. [PMID: 28275545 PMCID: PMC5328905 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse circuits and functional contributions of the basal ganglia, coupled with known differences in dopaminergic function in patients with schizophrenia, suggest they may be an important contributor to the etiology of the hallmark symptoms and cognitive dysfunction experienced by these patients. Using activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analysis of functional imaging research, we investigated differences in activation patterns in the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia, relative to healthy controls across task domains. This analysis included 42 functional neuroimaging studies, representing a variety of behavioral domains that have been linked to basal ganglia function in prior work. We provide important new information about the functional activation patterns and functional topography of the basal ganglia for different task domains in healthy controls. Crucially however, we demonstrate that across task domains, patients with schizophrenia show markedly decreased activation in the basal ganglia relative to healthy controls. Our results provide further support for basal ganglia dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, and the broad dysfunction across task domains may contribute to the symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Courtney E. Russell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Raeana E. Newberry
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - James R.M. Goen
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States
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Wang Y, Tang W, Fan X, Zhang J, Geng D, Jiang K, Zhu D, Song Z, Xiao Z, Liu D. Resting-state functional connectivity changes within the default mode network and the salience network after antipsychotic treatment in early-phase schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:397-406. [PMID: 28223812 PMCID: PMC5308583 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s123598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (FC), particularly in the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN), has been reported in schizophrenia, but little is known about the effects of antipsychotics on these networks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of atypical antipsychotics on DMN and SN and the relationship between these effects and symptom improvement in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS This was a prospective study of 33 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. Thirty-three healthy controls matched for age and gender were recruited. All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy controls were scanned only once; patients were scanned before and after 6-8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS In the DMN, the patients exhibited increased FC after treatment in the right superior temporal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus and decreased FC in the right posterior cingulate/precuneus (P<0.005). In the SN, the patients exhibited decreased FC in the right cerebellum anterior lobe and left insula (P<0.005). The FC in the right posterior cingulate/precuneus in the DMN negatively correlated with the difference between the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) score pre/post-treatment (r=-0.564, P=0.023) and negative trends with the difference in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score pre/post-treatment (r=-0.475, P=0.063) and the difference in PANSS-positive symptom scores (r=-0.481, P=0.060). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that atypical antipsychotics could regulate the FC of certain key brain regions within the DMN in early-phase schizophrenia, which might be related to symptom improvement. However, the effects of atypical antipsychotics on SN are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchan Wang
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Program, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jianye Zhang
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaida Jiang
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Dianming Zhu
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Zhenhua Song
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Zeping Xiao
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Dengtang Liu
- First-Episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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Walter A, Suenderhauf C, Smieskova R, Lenz C, Harrisberger F, Schmidt A, Vogel T, Lang UE, Riecher-Rössler A, Eckert A, Borgwardt S. Altered Insular Function during Aberrant Salience Processing in Relation to the Severity of Psychotic Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:189. [PMID: 27933003 PMCID: PMC5120113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence for abnormal salience processing in patients with psychotic experiences. In particular, there are indications that the degree of aberrant salience processing increases with the severity of positive symptoms. The aim of the present study was to elucidate this relationship by means of brain imaging. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to assess hemodynamic responses during the Salience Attribution Test, a paradigm for reaction time that measures aberrant salience to irrelevant stimulus features. We included 42 patients who were diagnosed as having a psychotic disorder and divided them into two groups according to the severity of their positive symptoms. Whole brain analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. We found no significant behavioral differences with respect to task performance. Patients with more positive symptoms showed increased hemodynamic responses in the left insula corresponding to aberrant salience than in patients with less positive symptoms. In addition, left insula activation correlated negatively with cumulative antipsychotic medication. Aberrant salience processing in the insula may be increased in psychosis, depending on the severity of positive symptoms. This study indicates that clinically similar psychosis manifestations share the same functional characteristics. In addition, our results suggest that antipsychotic medication can modulate insular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Renata Smieskova
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Eckert
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Chen X, Duan M, He H, Yang M, Klugah-Brown B, Xu H, Lai Y, Luo C, Yao D. Functional abnormalities of the right posterior insula are related to the altered self-experience in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 256:26-32. [PMID: 27662482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The insula is involved in detecting the salience of internal and external stimuli, and it plays a critical role in psychosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the structural and functional alterations of the insula in schizophrenia. To acquire a full picture of the functional alterations of the insula in schizophrenia, the resting-state fMRI data of 46 patients with schizophrenia and 46 healthy control subjects were collected. We used clustering analysis to divide the insula into three subregions: the dorsal anterior insula (dAI), ventral anterior insula (vAI) and posterior insula (PI). Then, whole-brain functional connectivity analysis was conducted based on these subregions. The results showed that the right dAI and PI in patients exhibited altered functional connections with the primary sensorimotor area. In addition, the right PI of the patients exhibited increased functional correlations with the thalamus. More importantly, the altered functional properties of the right PI were significantly correlated with the severity of the delusion and poor insight in schizophrenia. The results suggested that the right PI might play an important role in self-experience processing in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the right PI should be considered very important in the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui He
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiu Lai
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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41
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Investigating the Impact of a Genome-Wide Supported Bipolar Risk Variant of MAD1L1 on the Human Reward System. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2679-87. [PMID: 27184339 PMCID: PMC5026735 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified MAD1L1 (mitotic arrest deficient-like 1) as a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The minor allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11764590 in MAD1L1 was associated with bipolar disorder. Both diseases, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are linked to functional alterations in the reward system. We aimed at investigating possible effects of the MAD1L1 rs11764590 risk allele on reward systems functioning in healthy adults. A large homogenous sample of 224 young (aged 18-31 years) participants was genotyped and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All participants performed the 'Desire-Reason Dilemma' paradigm investigating the neural correlates that underlie reward processing and active reward dismissal in favor of a long-term goal. We found significant hypoactivations of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the bilateral striatum and bilateral frontal and parietal cortices in response to conditioned reward stimuli in the risk allele carriers compared with major allele carriers. In the dilemma situation, functional connectivity between prefrontal brain regions and the ventral striatum was significantly diminished in the risk allele carriers. Healthy risk allele carriers showed a significant deficit of their bottom-up response to conditioned reward stimuli in the bilateral VTA and striatum. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and prefrontal areas exerting top-down control on the mesolimbic reward system was reduced in this group. Similar alterations in reward processing and disturbances of prefrontal control mechanisms on mesolimbic brain circuits have also been reported in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest the existence of an intermediate phenotype associated with MAD1L1.
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Yang Y, Zhong N, Imamura K, Lu S, Li M, Zhou H, Li H, Yang X, Wan Z, Wang G, Hu B, Li K. Task and Resting-State fMRI Reveal Altered Salience Responses to Positive Stimuli in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155092. [PMID: 27192082 PMCID: PMC4871416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered brain function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has been repeatedly demonstrated by task-based and resting-state studies, respectively. However, less is known concerning whether overlapped abnormalities in functional activities across modalities exist in MDD patients. To find out the answer, we implemented an fMRI experiment and collected both task and resting-state data from 19 MDD patients and 19 matched, healthy, controls. A distraction paradigm involving emotionally valenced pictures was applied to induce affective responses in subjects. As a result, concurrent deficits were found in arousing activation during a positive task in both the reward circuit and salience network (SN) that is composed of the dorsal part of anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral anterior insulae (AI) in only the MDD group. Subsequent amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity analyses based on resting-state data exhibited consistent alterations in the bilateral AI of MDD patients, and indicated patients' difficulties in regulating the balance between central executive network (CEN) and default mode network (DMN) due to altered connectivity among the CEN, DMN, and SN. Our findings provide new evidence demonstrating impaired salience processing and resulting alterations in responses to positive stimuli in MDD patients. Furthermore, brain abnormalities synchronized across functional states in MDD patients can be evidenced by a combination of task and resting-state fMRI analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuyuki Imamura
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shengfu Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Huaizhou Li
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Wan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Ubiquitous Awareness and Intelligent Solutions Lab, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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43
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Alústiza I, Radua J, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Domínguez M, Aubá E, Ortuño F. Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging and Cognitive Control Studies in Schizophrenia: Preliminary Elucidation of a Core Dysfunctional Timing Network. Front Psychol 2016; 7:192. [PMID: 26925013 PMCID: PMC4756542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Timing and other cognitive processes demanding cognitive control become interlinked when there is an increase in the level of difficulty or effort required. Both functions are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases. A previous meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies found that people with schizophrenia had significantly lower activation, relative to normal controls, of most right hemisphere regions of the time circuit. This finding suggests that a pattern of disconnectivity of this circuit, particularly in the supplementary motor area, is a trait of this mental disease. We hypothesize that a dysfunctional temporal/cognitive control network underlies both cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and that timing dysfunction is at the root of the cognitive deficits observed. The goal of our study was to look, in schizophrenia patients, for brain structures activated both by execution of cognitive tasks requiring increased effort and by performance of time perception tasks. We conducted a signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients assessing the brain response to increasing levels of cognitive difficulty. Then, we performed a multimodal meta-analysis to identify common brain regions in the findings of that SDM meta-analysis and our previously-published activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging of time perception in schizophrenia patients. The current study supports the hypothesis that there exists an overlap between neural structures engaged by both timing tasks and non-temporal cognitive tasks of escalating difficulty in schizophrenia. The implication is that a deficit in timing can be considered as a trait marker of the schizophrenia cognitive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Enrique Aubá
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
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44
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Neves MDC, Duarte DG, Albuquerque MR, Nicolato R, Neves FS, Souza-Duran FLD, Busatto G, Corrêa H. Neural correlates of hallucinations in bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 38:1-5. [PMID: 26785108 PMCID: PMC7115474 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Approximately one-half of all patients affected by bipolar disorder present with psychotic features on at least one occasion. Several studies have found that alterations in the activity of mesolimbic and prefrontal regions are related to aberrant salience in psychotic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural correlates of a history of hallucinations in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). Methods: The sample consisted of 21 euthymic patients with BD-I and no comorbid axis I DSM-IV-TR disorders. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare patients with and without a lifetime history of hallucinations. Preprocessing was performed using the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) algorithm for VBM in SPM8. Images were processed using optimized VBM. Results: The main finding of the present study was a reduction in gray matter volume in the right posterior insular cortex of patients with BD-I and a lifetime history of hallucinations, as compared to subjects with the same diagnosis but no history of hallucinations. Conclusions: This finding supports the presence of abnormalities in the salience network in BD patients with a lifetime history of hallucinations. These alterations may be associated with an aberrant assignment of salience to the elements of one’s own experience, which could result in psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maila de C Neves
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dante G Duarte
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Nicolato
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Neves
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio L de Souza-Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Corrêa
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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45
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Nelson BD, Bjorkquist OA, Olsen EK, Herbener ES. Schizophrenia symptom and functional correlates of anterior cingulate cortex activation to emotion stimuli: An fMRI investigation. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:285-91. [PMID: 26596521 PMCID: PMC4679428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness characterized by distinct positive and negative symptoms and functional impairment. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a region of the brain's limbic system that is hypoactive during emotion processing in schizophrenia. Recent evidence suggests the hypoactive ACC in schizophrenia is due to negative (and not positive) symptoms. However, this finding has not been replicated and the functional significance of this relationship remains unclear. The present study examined the association between positive and negative symptoms, ACC activation to emotional images, and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Specifically, 16 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ/SZAF) and 15 control (CON) participants underwent an fMRI scan while completing an emotional picture-rating task. SZ/SZAF participants also completed clinician-rated measures of positive and negative symptoms and functional abilities. SZ/SZAF participants with high negative symptoms had reduced ACC activation to pleasant images relative to those with low negative symptoms and CON, who did not differ. Furthermore, amongst all SZ/SZAF participants poorer social functioning was associated with decreased ACC activation to pleasant images. Finally, ACC activation partially mediated the relationship between negative symptoms and social dysfunction. These results provide evidence of the functional significance of the relationship between negative symptoms and ACC dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady D. Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Brady D. Nelson, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794. Phone: 631-632-7697; Fax: 631-632-7876;
| | | | - Emily K. Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen S. Herbener
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Simon JJ, Cordeiro SA, Weber MA, Friederich HC, Wolf RC, Weisbrod M, Kaiser S. Reward System Dysfunction as a Neural Substrate of Symptom Expression Across the General Population and Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1370-8. [PMID: 26006262 PMCID: PMC4601714 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional patterns of activation in brain reward networks have been suggested as a core element in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether this dysfunction is specific to schizophrenia or can be continuously observed across persons with different levels of nonclinical and clinical symptom expression. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether the pattern of reward system dysfunction is consistent with a dimensional or categorical model of psychosis-like symptom expression. 23 patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy control participants with varying levels of psychosis-like symptoms, separated into 3 groups of low, medium, and high symptom expression underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a Cued Reinforcement Reaction Time task. We observed lower activation in the ventral striatum during the expectation of high vs no reward to be associated with higher symptom expression across all participants. No significant difference between patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants with high symptom expression was found. However, connectivity between the ventral striatum and the medial orbitofrontal cortex was specifically reduced in patients with schizophrenia. Dysfunctional local activation of the ventral striatum depends less on diagnostic category than on the degree of symptom expression, therefore showing a pattern consistent with a psychosis continuum. In contrast, aberrant connectivity in the reward system is specific to patients with schizophrenia, thereby supporting a categorical view. Thus, the results of the present study provide evidence for both continuous and discontinuous neural substrates of symptom expression across patients with schizophrenia and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe J. Simon
- Section of Experimental Psychopathology and Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; tel: +49 (0)6221 56-38667, fax: +49 (0)6221 56-5988, e-mail:
| | - Sheila A. Cordeiro
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,LVR-Klinikum Essen, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert C. Wolf
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Section of Experimental Psychopathology and Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany;,SRH Klinikum, Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption affects multiple cognitive processes supported by far-reaching cerebral networks. To identify neurofunctional mechanisms underlying selective deficits, 27 sober alcoholics and 26 age-matched controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. Functional connectivity analysis assessed the default mode network (DMN); integrative executive control (EC), salience (SA), and attention (AT) networks; primary somatosensory, auditory, and visual (VI) input networks; and subcortical reward (RW) and emotion (EM) networks. The groups showed an extensive overlap of intrinsic connectivity in all brain networks examined, suggesting overall integrity of large-scale functional networks. Despite these similar patterns, connectivity analyses identified network-specific differences of weaker within-network connectivity and expanded connectivity to regions outside the main networks in alcoholics compared with controls. For AT and VI networks, better task performance was related to expanded connectivity in alcoholism, supporting the concept of network expansion as a neural mechanism for functional compensation. For default mode, SA, RW, and EC networks, both weaker within-network and expanded outside-network connectivity correlated with poorer performance and mood. Current smoking contributed to some of these abnormalities in connectivity. The observed pattern of resting-state connectivity might reflect neural vulnerability of intrinsic networking in alcoholics and suggests a mechanism to explain signature impairments in EM, RW evaluation, and EC ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Müller-Oehring
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Neurosci Program, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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48
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Makowski CS, Lepage M, Harvey PO. Functional neural correlates of social approval in schizophrenia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:445-57. [PMID: 26516171 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Social approval is a reward that uses abstract social reinforcers to guide interpersonal interactions. Few studies have specifically explored social reward processing and its related neural substrates in schizophrenia. Fifteen patients with schizophrenia and fifteen healthy controls participated in a two-part study to explore the functional neural correlates of social approval. In the first session, participants were led to believe their personality would be assessed based on their results from various questionnaires and an interview. Participants were then presented with the results of their supposed evaluation in the scanner, while engaging in a relevant fMRI social approval task. Subjects provided subjective reports of pleasure associated with receiving self-directed positive or negative feedback. Higher activation of the right parietal lobe was found in controls compared with individuals with schizophrenia. Both groups rated traits from the high social reward condition as more pleasurable than the low social reward condition, while intergroup differences emerged in the low social reward condition. Positive correlations were found in patients only between subjective ratings of positive feedback and right insula activation, and a relevant behavioural measure. Evidence suggests potential neural substrates underlying the cognitive representation of social reputation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Makowski
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0G4 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada H4H 1R3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0G4
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49
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Hanssen E, van der Velde J, Gromann PM, Shergill SS, de Haan L, Bruggeman R, Krabbendam L, Aleman A, van Atteveldt N. Neural correlates of reward processing in healthy siblings of patients with schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:504. [PMID: 26441601 PMCID: PMC4585217 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in motivational behavior and psychotic symptoms often observed in schizophrenia (SZ) may be driven by dysfunctional reward processing (RP). RP can be divided in two different stages; reward anticipation and reward consumption. Aberrant processing during reward anticipation seems to be related to SZ. Studies in patients with SZ have found less activation in the ventral striatum (VS) during anticipation of reward, but these findings do not provide information on effect of the genetic load on reward processing. Therefore, this study investigated RP in healthy first-degree relatives of SZ patients. The sample consisted of 94 healthy siblings of SZ patients and 57 healthy controls. Participants completed a classic RP task, the Monetary Incentive Delay task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As expected, there were no behavioral differences between groups. In contrast to our expectations, we found no differences in any of the anticipatory reward related brain areas (region of interest analyses). Whole-brain analyses did reveal group differences during both reward anticipation and reward consumption; during reward anticipation siblings showed less deactivation in the insula, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. During reward consumption siblings showed less deactivation in the PCC and the right MFG compared to controls and activation in contrast to deactivation in controls in the precuneus and the left MFG. Exclusively in siblings, MFG activity correlated positively with subclinical negative symptoms. These regions are typically associated with the default mode network (DMN), which normally shows decreases in activation during task-related cognitive processes. Thus, in contrast to prior literature in patients with SZ, the results do not point to altered brain activity in classical RP brain areas, such as the VS. However, the weaker deactivation found outside the reward-related network in siblings could indicate reduced task-related suppression (i.e., hyperactivation) of the DMN. The presence of DMN hyperactivation during reward anticipation and reward consumption might indicate that siblings of patients with SZ have a higher baseline level of DMN activation and possible abnormal network functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hanssen
- Department of Educational Neuroscience and LEARN! Institute, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; CSI Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Jorien van der Velde
- Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paula M Gromann
- Department of Educational Neuroscience and LEARN! Institute, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; CSI Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Sukhi S Shergill
- CSI Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Amsterdam Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Rob Giel Research Center, University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Educational Neuroscience and LEARN! Institute, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Atteveldt
- Department of Educational Neuroscience and LEARN! Institute, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Smieskova R, Roiser JP, Chaddock CA, Schmidt A, Harrisberger F, Bendfeldt K, Simon A, Walter A, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire PK, Lang UE, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S. Modulation of motivational salience processing during the early stages of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:17-23. [PMID: 25999039 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in motivational salience processing have been related to psychotic symptoms and disturbances in dopaminergic neurotransmission. We aimed at exploring changes in salience processing and brain activity during different stages of psychosis and antipsychotic medication effect. METHODS We used fMRI during the Salience Attribution Task to investigate hemodynamic differences between 19 healthy controls (HCs), 34 at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals and 29 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), including a subgroup of 17 FEP without antipsychotic medication (FEP-UM) and 12 FEP with antipsychotic medication (FEP-M). Motivational salience processing was operationalized by brain activity in response to high-probability rewarding cues (adaptive salience) and in response to low-probability rewarding cues (aberrant salience). RESULTS Behaviorally, adaptive salience response was not accelerated in FEP, although they correctly distinguished between trials with low and high reward probability. In comparison to HC, ARMS exhibited a lower hemodynamic response during adaptive salience in the right inferior parietal lobule and FEP-UM in the left dorsal cingulate gyrus. The FEP-M group exhibited a lower adaptive salience response than HC in the right insula and than ARMS in the anterior cingulate gyrus. In unmedicated individuals, the severity of hallucinations and delusions correlated negatively with the insular- and anterior cingulate hemodynamic response during adaptive salience. We found no differences in aberrant salience processing associated with behavior or medication. CONCLUSION The changes in adaptive motivational salience processing during psychosis development reveal neurofunctional abnormalities in the somatosensory and premotor cortex. Antipsychotic medication seems to modify hemodynamic responses in the anterior cingulate and insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Smieskova
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - André Schmidt
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Harrisberger
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andor Simon
- Specialized Early Psychosis Outpatient Service for Adolescents and Young Adults, Department of Psychiatry, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Philip K McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Undine E Lang
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
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