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Lam JR, Park HRP, Gatt JM. Measuring mental wellbeing in clinical and non-clinical adolescents using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333828. [PMID: 38988735 PMCID: PMC11234841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a key period of vulnerability for poor mental health as the brain is still developing and may be more sensitive to the negative impacts of stress and adversity. Unfortunately, few measures comprehensively assess wellbeing in adolescents. Methods The 26-item COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale for adults was validated in a sample of 1,078 adolescents aged 13-17 years old (51.67% male, 79.13% non-clinical vs 20.87% psychiatric or developmental clinical cases). The six COMPAS-W sub-scales and total scale were examined in this sample using second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and psychometric testing. Results The 23-item COMPAS-W demonstrated the best fit for this sample according to goodness-of-fit indices (χ 2 (220, 1078) = 1439.395, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.893, TLI = 0.877, RMSEA = 0.070, SRMR = 0.095). Internal reliability for the confirmed 23-item COMPAS-W model was run for the total scale (α = 0.912) and sub-scales (Composure, α = 0.735; Own-worth, α = 0.601; Mastery, α = 0.757; Positivity, α = 0.721; Achievement, α = 0.827; and Satisfaction, α = 0.867). Test-retest reliability over 6 weeks was also good for the total scale at r = 0.845 and the sub-scales: Composure (r = 0.754), Own-worth (r = 0.743), Mastery (r = 0.715), Positivity (r = 0.750), Achievement (r = 0.750), and Satisfaction (r = 0.812). Compared with non-clinical participants' wellbeing (M = 90.375, SE = 0.400), those with clinical diagnoses reported lower wellbeing, both for those with developmental diagnoses (M = 85.088, SE = 1.188), or psychiatric diagnoses (M = 78.189, SE = 1.758), or combined developmental and psychiatric diagnoses (M = 77.079, SE = 2.116). Yet, when wellbeing category scores were considered by diagnosis group, both non-clinical and clinical groups demonstrated incidence across all three categories of languishing, moderate and flourishing wellbeing, in support of the dual-continua model of mental health. On average, younger adolescents' (13-14 years) wellbeing did not differ from older adolescents' (15-17 years) wellbeing; however, for sex, males scored 1.731 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with females (p = 0.028); and American participants scored 3.042 points significantly higher in wellbeing compared with Australian participants (p < 0.001). Discussion In conclusion, the 23-item COMPAS-W is a reliable measure of wellbeing for adolescents, both for those with and without developmental and psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine R. Lam
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haeme R. P. Park
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Centre for Wellbeing, Resilience and Recovery, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Driver C, Boyes A, Mohamed AZ, Levenstein JM, Parker M, Hermens DF. Understanding Wellbeing Profiles According to White Matter Structural Connectivity Sub-types in Early Adolescents: The First Hundred Brains Cohort from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1029-1046. [PMID: 38217837 PMCID: PMC10980632 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Wellbeing is protective against the emergence of psychopathology. Neurobiological markers associated with mental wellbeing during adolescence are important to understand. Limited research has examined neural networks (white matter tracts) and mental wellbeing in early adolescence specifically. A cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging analysis approach was conducted, from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain study, First Hundred Brains cohort (N = 99; 46.5% female; Mage = 13.01, SD = 0.55). Participants completed self-report measures including wellbeing, quality-of-life, and psychological distress. Potential neurobiological profiles using fractional anisotropy, axial, and radial diffusivity were determined via a whole brain voxel-wise approach, and hierarchical cluster analysis of fractional anisotropy values, obtained from 21 major white matter tracts. Three cluster groups with significantly different neurobiological profiles were distinguished. No significant differences were found between the three cluster groups and measures of wellbeing, but two left lateralized significant associations between white matter tracts and wellbeing measures were found. These results provide preliminary evidence for potential neurobiological markers of mental health and wellbeing in early adolescence and should be tracked longitudinally to provide more detailed and robust findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Amanda Boyes
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Abdalla Z Mohamed
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacob M Levenstein
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Marcella Parker
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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Oliveira JS, Sherrington C, Rissel C, Howard K, Tong A, Merom D, Wickham J, Bauman AE, Lord SR, Lindley RI, Simpson JM, Allman-Farinelli M, Kirkham C, Ramsay E, O'Rourke S, Tiedemann A. Effect of a coaching intervention to enhance physical activity and prevent falls in community-dwelling people aged 60+ years: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:382-391. [PMID: 38253435 PMCID: PMC10982628 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of a coaching intervention compared with control on physical activity and falls rate at 12 months in community-dwelling people aged 60+ years. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING Community-dwelling older people. PARTICIPANTS 72 clusters (605 participants): 37 clusters (290 participants) randomised to the intervention and 35 (315 participants) to control. INTERVENTION Intervention group received written information, fall risk assessment and prevention advice by a physiotherapist, activity tracker and telephone-based coaching from a physiotherapist focused on safe physical activity. Control group received written information and telephone-based dietary coaching. Both groups received up to 19 sessions of telephone coaching over 12 months. OUTCOMES The co-primary outcomes were device-measured physical activity expressed in counts per minute at 12 months and falls rate over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of fallers, device-measured daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-reported hours per week of physical activity, body mass index, eating habits, goal attainment, mobility-related confidence, quality of life, fear of falling, risk-taking behaviour, mood, well-being and disability. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 74 (SD 8) years, and 70% (n=425) were women. There was no significant effect of the intervention on device-measured physical activity counts per minute (mean difference 5 counts/min/day, 95% CI -21 to 31), or falls at 12 months (0.71 falls/person/year in intervention group and 0.87 falls/person/year in control group; incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.14). The intervention had a positive significant effect on device-measured daily steps and MVPA, and self-reported hours per week of walking, well-being, quality of life, and disability. No significant between-group differences were identified in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION A physical activity and fall prevention programme including fall risk assessment and prevention advice, plus telephone-based health coaching, did not lead to significant differences in physical activity counts per minute or falls rate at 12 months. However, this programme improved other physical activity measures (ie, daily steps, MVPA, hours per week of walking), overall well-being, quality of life and disability. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615001190594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Wickham
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard I Lindley
- Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judy M Simpson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Kirkham
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Ramsay
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Rourke
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lim ML, Perram A, Radford K, Close J, Draper B, Lord SR, Anstey KJ, O'Dea B, Ambrens M, Hill TY, Brown A, Miles L, Ngo M, Letton M, van Schooten KS, Delbaere K. Protocol of a 12-week eHealth programme designed to reduce concerns about falling in community-living older people: Own Your Balance randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078486. [PMID: 38309754 PMCID: PMC10840028 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concerns about falling (CaF) are common in older people and have been associated with avoidance of activities of daily life. Exercise designed to prevent falls can reduce CaF, but the effects are usually short-lived. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can reduce CaF for longer but is not readily available in the community and unlikely to prevent falls. A multidomain intervention that combines CBT, motivational interviewing and exercise could be the long-term solution to treat CaF and reduce falls in older people with CaF. This paper describes the design of a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of two different 12 week self-managed eHealth programmes to reduce CaF compared with an active control. METHODS A total of 246 participants (82 per group) aged 65 and over, with substantial concerns about falls or balance will be recruited from the community. They will be randomised into: (1) myCompass-Own Your Balance (OYB) (online CBT programme) intervention or (2) myCompass-OYB plus StandingTall intervention (an eHealth balance exercise programme), both including motivational interviewing and online health education or (3) an active control group (online health education alone). The primary outcome is change in CaF over 12 months from baseline of both intervention groups compared with control. The secondary outcomes at 2, 6 and 12 months include balance confidence, physical activity, habitual daily activity, enjoyment of physical activity, social activity, exercise self-efficacy, rate of falls, falls health literacy, mood, psychological well-being, quality of life, exercise self-efficacy, programme adherence, healthcare use, user experience and attitudes towards the programme. An intention-to-treat analysis will be applied. The healthcare funder's perspective will be adopted for the economic evaluation if appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/ETH12840). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, local and international conferences, community events and media releases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000440820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Perram
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Radford
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Draper
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Eastern Suburbs Older Persons' Mental Health Service, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meghan Ambrens
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thi-Yen Hill
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia Brown
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lillian Miles
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Ngo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meg Letton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kimberley S van Schooten
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bjørndal LD, Nes RB, Czajkowski N, Røysamb E. The structure of well-being: a single underlying factor with genetic and environmental influences. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2805-2816. [PMID: 37209357 PMCID: PMC10199429 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The structure of well-being has been debated for millennia. Dominant conceptualisations, such as the hedonic and eudaimonic models, emphasise different constituents of the well-being construct. Some previous studies have suggested that the underlying structure of well-being may consist of one or a few general well-being factors. We conducted three studies to advance knowledge on the structure of well-being comprising more than 21,500 individuals, including a genetically informative twin sample. METHODS In Study 1, we used hierarchical exploratory factor analysis to identify well-being factors in a population-based sample of Norwegian adults. In Study 2, we used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the model fit of the identified factor model in an independent sample. In Study 3, we used biometric models to examine genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors. RESULTS We identified six well-being factors which all loaded on a single higher-order factor. This higher-order factor may represent a general "happiness factor", i.e. an h-factor, akin to the p-factor in psychopathology research. The identified factor model had excellent fit in an independent sample. All well-being factors showed moderate genetic and substantial non-shared environmental influence, with heritability estimates ranging from 26% to 40%. Heritability was highest for the higher-order general happiness factor. CONCLUSION Our findings yield novel insights into the structure of well-being and genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors, with implications for well-being and mental health research, including genetically informative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig Daae Bjørndal
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Norman-Nott N, Hesam-Shariati N, Wilks CR, Schroeder J, Suh J, Briggs NE, McAuley JH, Quidé Y, Gustin SM. Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training for Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41890. [PMID: 37285187 DOI: 10.2196/41890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation is key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain, feeding into a cycle of worsening pain and disability. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), an evidence-based treatment for complex transdiagnostic conditions presenting with high emotion dysregulation, may be beneficial to manage and mitigate the emotional and sensory aspects of chronic pain. Increasingly, DBT skills training as a key component of standard DBT is being delivered as a stand-alone intervention without concurrent therapy to help develop skills for effective emotion regulation. A previous repeated-measure single-case trial investigating a novel technologically driven DBT skills training, internet-delivered DBT skills training for chronic pain (iDBT-Pain), revealed promising findings to improve both emotion dysregulation and pain intensity. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the efficacy of iDBT-Pain in comparison with treatment as usual to reduce emotion dysregulation (primary outcome) for individuals with chronic pain after 9 weeks and at the 21-week follow-up. The secondary outcomes include pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress, harm avoidance, social cognition, sleep quality, life satisfaction, and well-being. The trial also examines the acceptability of the iDBT-Pain intervention for future development and testing. METHODS A total of 48 people with chronic pain will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions: treatment and treatment as usual. Participants in the treatment condition will receive iDBT-Pain, consisting of 6 live web-based group sessions led by a DBT skills trainer and supervised by a registered psychologist and the iDBT-Pain app. Participants in the treatment-as-usual condition will not receive iDBT-Pain but will still access their usual medication and health interventions. We predict that iDBT-Pain will improve the primary outcome of emotion dysregulation and the secondary outcomes of pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, harm avoidance, social cognition, sleep quality, life satisfaction, and well-being. A linear mixed model with random effects of individuals will be conducted to investigate the differences between the baseline, 9-week (primary end point), and 21-week (follow-up) assessments as a function of experimental condition. RESULTS Recruitment started in February 2023, and the clinical trial started in March 2023. Data collection for the final assessment is planned to be completed by July 2024. CONCLUSIONS If our hypothesis is confirmed, our findings will contribute to the evidence for the efficacy and acceptability of a viable intervention that may be used by health care professionals for people with chronic pain. The results will add to the chronic pain literature to inform about the potential benefits of DBT skills training for chronic pain and will contribute evidence about technologically driven interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000113752; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=383208&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/41890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Norman-Nott
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Negin Hesam-Shariati
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chelsey R Wilks
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri-St Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jessica Schroeder
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Washington, WA, United States
| | - Jina Suh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Washington, WA, United States
- Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, United States
| | - Nancy E Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James H McAuley
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sylvia M Gustin
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
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Montalto A, Park HRP, Williams LM, Korgaonkar MS, Chilver MR, Jamshidi J, Schofield PR, Gatt JM. Negative association between anterior insula activation and resilience during sustained attention: an fMRI twin study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3187-3199. [PMID: 37449488 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have suggested that higher levels of cognitive performance may be related to greater wellbeing and resilience, little is known about the associations between neural circuits engaged by cognitive tasks and wellbeing and resilience, and whether genetics or environment contribute to these associations. METHODS The current study consisted of 253 monozygotic and dizygotic adult twins, including a subsample of 187 early-life trauma-exposed twins, with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data from the TWIN-E study. Wellbeing was measured using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale while resilience was defined as a higher level of positive adaptation (higher levels of wellbeing) in the presence of trauma exposure. We probed both sustained attention and working memory processes using a Continuous Performance Task in the scanner. RESULTS We found significant negative associations between resilience and activation in the bilateral anterior insula engaged during sustained attention. Multivariate twin modelling showed that the association between resilience and the left and right insula activation was mostly driven by common genetic factors, accounting for 71% and 87% of the total phenotypic correlation between these variables, respectively. There were no significant associations between wellbeing/resilience and neural activity engaged during working memory updating. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that greater resilience to trauma is associated with less activation of the anterior insula during a condition requiring sustained attention but not working memory updating. This possibly suggests a pattern of 'neural efficiency' (i.e. more efficient and/or attenuated activity) in people who may be more resilient to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chilver MR, Champaigne-Klassen E, Schofield PR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Predicting wellbeing over one year using sociodemographic factors, personality, health behaviours, cognition, and life events. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5565. [PMID: 37019908 PMCID: PMC10076502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event factors are associated with mental wellbeing; however, it remains unclear which measures best explain variance in wellbeing in the context of related variables. This study uses data from 1017 healthy adults from the TWIN-E study of wellbeing to evaluate the sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event predictors of wellbeing using cross-sectional and repeated measures multiple regression models over one year. Sociodemographic (age, sex, education), psychosocial (personality, health behaviours, and lifestyle), emotion and cognitive processing, and life event (recent positive and negative life events) variables were considered. The results showed that while neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and cognitive reappraisal were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the cross-sectional model, while extraversion, conscientiousness, exercise, and specific life events (work related and traumatic life events) were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the repeated measures model. These results were confirmed using tenfold cross-validation procedures. Together, the results indicate that the variables that best explain differences in wellbeing between individuals at baseline can vary from the variables that predict change in wellbeing over time. This suggests that different variables may need to be targeted to improve population-level compared to individual-level wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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9
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Park HRP, Chilver MR, Montalto A, Jamshidi J, Schofield PR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Associations between mental wellbeing and fMRI neural bases underlying responses to positive emotion in a twin sample. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1215-1223. [PMID: 37010213 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mental wellbeing has been linked with positive health outcomes, including longevity and improved emotional and cognitive functioning, studies examining the underlying neural mechanisms of both subjective and psychological wellbeing have been sparse. We assessed whether both forms of wellbeing are associated with neural activity engaged during positive and negative emotion processing and the extent to which this association is driven by genetics or environment. METHODS We assessed mental wellbeing in 230 healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins using a previously validated questionnaire (COMPAS-W) and undertook functional magnetic resonance imaging during a facial emotion viewing task. We used linear mixed models to analyse the association between COMPAS-W scores and emotion-elicited neural activation. Univariate twin modelling was used to evaluate heritability of each brain region. Multivariate twin modelling was used to compare twin pairs to assess the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association. RESULTS Higher levels of wellbeing were associated with greater neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localised in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in response to positive emotional expressions of happiness. Univariate twin modelling showed activity in the IFG to have 20% heritability. Multivariate twin modelling suggested that the association between wellbeing and positive emotion-elicited neural activity was driven by common variance from unique environment (r = 0.208) rather than shared genetics. CONCLUSIONS Higher mental wellbeing may have a basis in greater engagement of prefrontal neural regions in response to positive emotion, and this association may be modifiable by unique life experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Park HRP, Williams LM, Turner RM, Gatt JM. TWIN-10: protocol for a 10-year longitudinal twin study of the neuroscience of mental well-being and resilience. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058918. [PMID: 35777871 PMCID: PMC9252211 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental well-being is a core component of mental health, and resilience is a key process of positive adaptive recovery following adversity. However, we lack an understanding of the neural mechanisms that contribute to individual variation in the trajectories of well-being and resilience relative to risk. Genetic and/or environmental factors may also modulate these mechanisms. The aim of the TWIN-10 Study is to characterise the trajectories of well-being and resilience over 12 years across four timepoints (baseline, 1 year, 10 years, 12 years) in 1669 Australian adult twins of European ancestry (to account for genetic stratification effects). To this end, we integrate data across genetics, environment, psychological self-report, neurocognitive performance and brain function measures of well-being and resilience. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Twins who took part in the baseline TWIN-E Study will be invited back to participate in the TWIN-10 Study, at 10-year and 12-year follow-up timepoints. Participants will complete an online battery of psychological self-reports, computerised behavioural assessments of neurocognitive functions and MRI testing of the brain structure and function during resting and task-evoked scans. These measures will be used as predictors of the risk versus resilience trajectory groups defined by their changing levels of well-being and illness symptoms over time as a function of trauma exposure. Structural equation models will be used to examine the association between the predictors and trajectory groups of resilience and risk over time. Univariate and multivariate twin modelling will be used to determine heritability of the measures, as well as the shared versus unique genetic and environmental contributions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study involves human participants. This study was approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC180403) and the Scientific Management Panel of Neuroscience Research Australia Imaging (CX2019-05). Results will be disseminated through publications and presentations to the public and the academic community. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robin M Turner
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Central Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Forbes O, Schwenn PE, Wu PPY, Santos-Fernandez E, Xie HB, Lagopoulos J, McLoughlin LT, Sacks DD, Mengersen K, Hermens DF. EEG-based clusters differentiate psychological distress, sleep quality and cognitive function in adolescents. Biol Psychol 2022; 173:108403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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McLoughlin LT, Simcock G, Schwenn P, Beaudequin D, Boyes A, Parker M, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Social Connectedness, Cyberbullying, and Well-Being: Preliminary Findings from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:301-309. [PMID: 35404094 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Social connectedness is well established as an important aspect of adolescence, with higher levels typically resulting in positive mental health and well-being. Cyberbullying is a prevalent concern during adolescence and is a significant contributor to poor mental health outcomes during this important phase of life. Research shows that social connectedness may act as a protective factor for mental health and well-being when young people experience cyberbullying. However, further research is required to elucidate associations between social connectedness, well-being, and cyberbullying over time. This article outlines preliminary findings from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS). Data are reported from N = 64 LABS participants recruited at age 12 and assessed at four timepoints over a 12-month period, with a total of 204 completed assessments. Structural equation modeling revealed a mediating effect of social connectedness on the relationship between cyberbullying and well-being. In other words, the negative influences of cyberbullying and cybervictimization on well-being scores over time are influenced by levels of social connectedness. The present findings highlight that increased social connectedness in young people is vital to promoting positive well-being over time and can protect well-being in those experiencing cyberbullying and/or cybervictimization. Findings can inform cyberbullying education programs, health care practitioners, parents, and educators on the importance of young people remaining socially connected when experiencing cyberbullying and/or cybervictimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Schwenn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Denise Beaudequin
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Boyes
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcella Parker
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Jamshidi J, Schofield PR, Gatt JM, Fullerton JM. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a wellbeing factor score in the UK Biobank and the impact of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric illness. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:113. [PMID: 35304435 PMCID: PMC8933416 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wellbeing is an important aspect of mental health that is moderately heritable. Specific wellbeing-related variants have been identified via GWAS meta-analysis of individual questionnaire items. However, a multi-item within-subject index score has potential to capture greater heritability, enabling improved delineation of genetic and phenotypic relationships across traits and exposures that are not possible on aggregate-data. This research employed data from the UK Biobank resource, and a wellbeing index score was derived from indices of happiness and satisfaction with family/friendship/finances/health, using principal component analysis. GWAS was performed in Caucasian participants (N = 129,237) using the derived wellbeing index, followed by polygenic profiling (independent sample; N = 23,703). The wellbeing index, its subcomponents, and negative indicators of mental health were compared via phenotypic and genetic correlations, and relationships with psychiatric disorders examined. Lastly, the impact of childhood maltreatment on wellbeing was investigated. Five independent genome-wide significant loci for wellbeing were identified. The wellbeing index had SNP-heritability of ~8.6%, and stronger phenotypic and genetic correlations with its subcomponents (0.55-0.77) than mental health phenotypes (-0.21 to -0.39). The wellbeing score was lower in participants reporting various psychiatric disorders compared to the total sample. Childhood maltreatment exposure was also associated with reduced wellbeing, and a moderate genetic correlation (rg = ~-0.56) suggests an overlap in heritability of maltreatment with wellbeing. Thus, wellbeing is negatively associated with both psychiatric disorders and childhood maltreatment. Although notable limitations, biases and assumptions are discussed, this within-cohort study aids the delineation of relationships between a quantitative wellbeing index and indices of mental health and early maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Grey matter covariation and the role of emotion reappraisal in mental wellbeing and resilience after early life stress exposure. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:85. [PMID: 35220403 PMCID: PMC8882193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience is a process of adaptive recovery crucial in maintaining mental wellbeing after stress exposure. A psychological factor known to buffer stress and promote positive wellbeing outcomes is the ability to regulate emotions. However, the neural networks underlying resilience, and the possible mediating role of emotion regulation, remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the association between resilience and grey matter covariation (GMC) in healthy adults with and without early life stress (ELS) exposure, and whether emotion regulation mediated this brain-resilience association. Source-based morphometry was used to identify spatial patterns of common GMC in 242 healthy participants. Wellbeing was measured using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale. Linear mixed models were run to establish associations between GMC and wellbeing scores. Moderated mediation models were used to examine a conditional mediating effect of emotion regulation on the brain-wellbeing relationship, moderated by ELS exposure. Distinct ELS-related morphometric patterns were found in association with resilience. In participants without ELS exposure, decreased GMC in the temporo-parietal regions was associated with wellbeing. In participants with ELS exposure, we observed increased patterns of covariation in regions related to the salience and executive control networks, and decreased GMC in temporo-parietal areas, which were associated with resilience. Cognitive reappraisal mediated the brain-wellbeing relationship in ELS-exposed participants only. Patterns of stronger GMC in regions associated with emotional and cognitive functioning in ELS-exposed participants with high levels of wellbeing may indicate possible neural signatures of resilience. This may be further heightened by utilising an adaptive form of emotion regulation.
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15
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Choi SY, Son SJ, Park B. Shared genetic effects of emotion and subcortical volumes in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118894. [PMID: 35007717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample studies have reported a strong association between emotion and subcortical volumes; still, the underlying mechanism regarding this relation remains unclear. Using a twin design, the current study aimed to explore the intrinsic association between emotion and subcortical volumes by examining their phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations. We used a group dataset of 960 individuals from the Human Connectome Project (234 monozygotic twins, 145 dizygotic twins, 581 not twins, males = 454, age = 22-37 years). We found that both emotion and subcortical volumes were heritable. Of the 17 emotional traits, 13 were significantly phenotypically correlated with the volumes of multiple subcortical regions. There was no environmental correlation between emotion and subcortical volumes; however, we found a genetic overlap between overall emotional traits and caudate volume. Taken together, our results showed that emotion and subcortical volumes were heritable and closely related. Although the caudate has been often studied with execution of movement, given that the caudate volume is genetically associated with diverse emotional domains, such as negative affect, psychological well-being, and social relationships, it may suggest that the caudate volume might also be an important factor when studying the brain basis of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Weber C, Monero Flores V, Wheele TP, Miedema E, White EV. Patients' Health & Well-Being in Inpatient Mental Health-Care Facilities: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:758039. [PMID: 35046849 PMCID: PMC8761847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.758039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous research indicates that the physical environment of healthcare facilities plays an important role in the health, well-being, and recovery outcomes of patients. However, prior works on mental healthcare facilities have incorporated physical environment effects from general healthcare settings and patient groups, which cannot be readily transferred to mental healthcare settings or its patients. There appears to be a specific need for evidence synthesis of physical environmental effects in mental healthcare settings by psychopathology. Purpose: This review evaluates the state (in terms of extent, nature and quality) of the current empirical evidence of physical environmental on mental health, well-being, and recovery outcomes in mental healthcare inpatients by psychopathology. Method: A systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) was performed of studies published in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Spanish, of all available years until September 2020, searched in Cochrane, Ovid Index, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science and identified through extensive hand-picking. Inclusion criteria were: Adult patients being treated for mental ill-health (common mental health and mood disorders, Cochrane frame); inpatient mental health care facilities; specifications of the physical and socio-physical environment (e.g., design features, ambient conditions, privacy); all types of empirical study designs. Quality assessment and data synthesis were undertaken. Results: The search retrieved 1,068 titles of which 26 met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that there is only indicative evidence of the impact of the physical healthcare environment on patients' mental health, well-being, and recovery outcomes. There is significant lack of pathology-specific evidence. Methodological shortcomings and empirical scarcity account for the poor evidence. Conclusion: This review highlights the need for more research using advanced study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Weber
- Institute of Facility Management, Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
- Environmental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Virna Monero Flores
- Institute of Facility Management, Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Poppy Wheele
- Institute of Facility Management, Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elke Miedema
- Architectural Theory and Methods, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Victoria White
- Environmental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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17
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Chilver MR, Gatt JM. Six-Week Online Multi-component Positive Psychology Intervention Improves Subjective Wellbeing in Young Adults. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:1267-1288. [PMID: 34512122 PMCID: PMC8418684 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Improving mental wellbeing has a range of benefits for society, including increased productivity, longevity, and resiliency. However, interventions designed to improve mental wellbeing are often only compared to waitlist controls, leaving uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of their effectiveness. The current study in 326 participants assessed a six-week positive psychology intervention against an active control (n = 163) in an online randomized control trial. Outcome measures included life satisfaction, wellbeing (subjective and psychological wellbeing), stress, depression and anxiety symptoms, and self-compassion. The potential moderating effect of participating during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was also explored. The intervention group showed greater improvements in life satisfaction by week six (β = 0.18, p = .014) and were maintained through to 7 weeks post-baseline (β = 0.23, t = 3.07, p = .002) and remained significant when accounting for COVID-19 restrictions. An improvement in composite wellbeing from baseline to 7 weeks post-baseline was detected when accounting for COVID-19 restrictions. Composite wellbeing and total depression and anxiety symptoms improved significantly more in the intervention group for participants with low baseline resiliency resources. These findings support the efficacy of using online multi-component positive psychology interventions in boosting wellbeing and reducing distress symptoms particularly in individuals with fewer resiliency resources who may need added support. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-021-00449-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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18
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McLoughlin LT, Shan Z, Mohamed A, Boyes A, Driver C, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Gender differences in brain activity when exposed to cyberbullying: Associations between wellbeing and cyberbullying experience using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Basal ganglia correlates of wellbeing in early adolescence. Brain Res 2022; 1774:147710. [PMID: 34762929 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that biological markers that define mental health are different to those that define mental illness. The basal ganglia changes dramatically over adolescence and has been linked to wellbeing and mental health disorders in young people. However, there remains a paucity of research on wellbeing and brain structure in early adolescence. This cross-sectional study examined relationships between grey matter volume (GMV) of basal ganglia regions (caudate, putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) and self-reported wellbeing (COMPAS-W), in a sample of Australian adolescents aged 12 years (N = 49, M = 12.6, 46.9% female). Significant negative associations were found between left hemisphere caudate GMV and scores on 'total wellbeing', 'composure' and 'positivity'. The results of this study indicate that smaller caudate GMV at age 12 is linked to increased subjective wellbeing. While seemingly counter-intuitive, our finding is consistent with previous research of decreased GMV in the pons and increased COMPAS-W scores in adults. Our results suggest that protective neurobiological factors may be identifiable early in adolescence and be linked to specific types of wellbeing (such as positive affect and optimism). This has implications for interventions targeted at building resilience against mental health disorders in young people.
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20
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Pyne T, Ghosh P, Dhauria M, Ganguly K, Sengupta D, Nandagopal K, Sengupta M, Das M. Prioritization of human well-being spectrum related GWAS-SNVs using ENCODE-based web-tools predict interplay between PSMC3, ITIH4, and SERPINC1 genes in modulating well-being. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:92-101. [PMID: 34883412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several traits related to positive and negative affect show a high genetic as well as phenotypic correlation with well-being in humans, and are therefore collectively termed as "Well-being spectrum". Genome-Wide Association studies (GWA studies) on "well-being measurement" have led to identification of several genomic variants (Single Nucleotide Variants - SNVs), but very little has been explained with respect to their functionality and mode of alteration of well-being. Utilizing a pool of 1258 GWA studies based SNVs on "well-being measurement", we prioritized the SNVs and tried to annotate well-being related functionality through several bioinformatic tools to predict whether a protein sequence variation affects protein function, as well as experimentally validated datasets available in ENCODE based web-tools namely rSNPBase, RegulomeDB, Haploreg, along with GTEx Portal and STRING based protein interaction networks. Prioritization yielded three key SNVs; rs3781627-A, rs13072536-T and 5877-C potentially regulating three genes, PSMC3, ITIH4 and SERPINC1, respectively. Interestingly, the genes showed well clustered protein-protein interaction (maximum combined confidence score >0.4) with other well-being candidate genes, namely TNF and CRP genes suggesting their important role in modulation of well-being. PSMC3 and ITIH4 genes are also involved in driving acute phase responses signifying a probable cross-talk between well-being and psychoneuroimmunological system. To best of our knowledge this study is the first of its kind where the well-being associated GWA studies-SNVs were prioritized and functionally annotated, majorly based on functional data available in public domain, which revealed PSMC3, ITIH4 and SERPINC1 genes as probable candidates in regulation of well-being spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Pyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Poulomi Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Mrinmay Dhauria
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandagopal
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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21
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Statistical analysis plan for the coaching for healthy AGEing trial - a cluster-randomised controlled trial to enhance physical activity and prevent falls in community-dwelling older people. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:908-914. [PMID: 34802917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This statistical analysis plan details the Coaching for Healthy AGEing (CHAnGE) trial analysis methodology. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a combined physical activity and fall prevention program on physical activity and falls compared to a healthy eating among people aged 60 years and over. METHODS The CHAnGE trial is a pragmatic parallel-group cluster-randomised controlled trial with allocation concealment and blinded assessors. Clusters are allocated to either (1) a physical activity and fall prevention intervention or (2) to a healthy eating intervention. The primary outcomes are: objectively measured physical activity at 12 months post-randomisation, and self-reported falls throughout the 12-month trial period. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of participants reporting a fall, the proportion of participants meeting the Australian physical activity guidelines, body mass index, eating habits, mobility goal attainment, mobility-related confidence, quality of life, fear of falling, risk-taking behaviour, mood, well-being, self-reported physical activity, disability, and use of health and community services. ANALYSIS We will follow the intention-to-treat principle. All analysis will allow for cluster randomisation using a generalised estimating equation approach. The between-group difference in the number of falls per person-year will be analysed using negative binomial regression models. For the continuously scored primary and secondary outcome measures, linear regression models adjusted for corresponding baseline scores will assess the effect of group allocation. Analyses will take into account cluster randomisation and will be adjusted for baseline scores. A subgroup analysis will assess differential effects of the intervention by baseline physical activity levels and history of falls.
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Chilver MR, Park HRP, Schofield PR, Clark CR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Emotional face processing correlates with depression/anxiety symptoms but not wellbeing in non-clinical adults: An event-related potential study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:18-26. [PMID: 34844048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Whilst alterations in emotional face processing, as indicated by event-related potentials (ERPs), are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in clinical and non-clinical samples, it has remained unclear whether they are related to mental wellbeing. The current study aimed to address this question in a non-clinical sample. The analysis included 402 adult twins from the TWIN-E study. The COMPAS-W and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) were used to measure mental wellbeing and depression/anxiety symptoms, respectively. Participants viewed facial expressions under Unmasked (conscious) and Masked (subliminal) conditions while ERPs were recorded. The associations of emotion processing with mental wellbeing and depression/anxiety symptoms were assessed using multivariate linear mixed models. There was a strong association between depression/anxiety symptoms and the N170 amplitude difference for the Fear - Happy contrast in the Masked condition after controlling for wellbeing scores (B = 0.34, p < .001). Specifically, higher depression/anxiety symptoms were associated with a lack of differentiation between fearful and happy faces. No associations were found between emotional face processing and mental wellbeing scores. These results indicate that even within a non-clinical sample, alterations in emotional ERPs, namely the N170, reflect differences in depression/anxiety symptoms rather than differences in wellbeing. Furthermore, this effect was limited to automatic processing, rather than conscious processing of emotional stimuli, suggesting the observed differences apply only to the subconscious pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - C Richard Clark
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia, 5042
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, California, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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Norman-Nott N, Wilks CR, Hesam-Shariati N, Schroeder J, Suh J, Czerwinski M, Briggs NE, Quidé Y, McAuley J, Gustin SM. The No Worries Trial: Efficacy of Online Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Skills Training for Chronic Pain (iDBT-Pain) Using A Single Case Experimental Design. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 23:558-576. [PMID: 34678466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation frequently co-occurs with chronic pain, which in turn leads to heightened emotional and physical suffering. This cycle of association has prompted a recommendation for psychological treatment of chronic pain to target mechanisms for emotion regulation. The current trial addressed this need by investigating a new internet-delivered treatment incorporating emotional skills training from dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT). Using a single-case experimental design that is suited to heterogeneous populations and can demonstrate efficacy with a small sample, three participants with chronic pain were recruited. Participants received four weeks of online DBT skills training (iDBT-Pain intervention) which incorporated one-on-one sessions over Zoom and a web app. Results revealed compelling evidence for the intervention on the primary outcome of emotion dysregulation and were promising for the secondary outcome of pain intensity. Improvement was also identified on pre-and post-measures of depression, coping behaviours, sleep problems, wellbeing, and harm avoidance, indicating that the intervention may positively influence other factors related to chronic pain. Overall, the trial provides preliminary efficacy for the intervention to improve chronic pain. However, we recommend further investigation of the iDBT-Pain intervention, either in single case trials, which when conducted with scientific rigour may be aggregated to derive nomothetic conclusions, or in a group-comparison trial to compare with usual modes of treatment. Perspective: This trial advances understanding of emotion-focused treatment for chronic pain and provides evidence for a viable new technological treatment. Importantly, as an internet-delivered approach, the iDBT-Pain intervention is accessible to those with restricted mobility and remote communities where there are often limited psychological services for people with chronic pain. Trial registration: The trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000604909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Norman-Nott
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chelsey R Wilks
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri-St Louis, United States
| | - Negin Hesam-Shariati
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Schroeder
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States
| | - Jina Suh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States; Microsoft Research, Redmond, United States
| | | | - Nancy E Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James McAuley
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvia M Gustin
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Egan LA, Mulcahy M, Tuqiri K, Gatt JM. The Thrive online wellbeing program for healthcare workers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34005. [PMID: 35451973 PMCID: PMC9073619 DOI: 10.2196/34005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health has come to be understood as not merely the absence of mental illness but also the presence of mental well-being, and recent interventions have sought to increase well-being in various populations. A population that deserves particular attention is that of health care workers, whose occupations entail high levels of stress, especially given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A neuroscience-based web-based well-being program for health care workers—the Thrive program—has been newly developed to promote habits and activities that contribute to brain health and overall mental well-being. Objective This paper describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial whose objective is to evaluate the Thrive program in comparison with an active control condition to measure whether the program is effective at increasing well-being and decreasing symptoms of psychological distress in health care workers at a designated Australian hospital. Methods The trial will comprise two groups (intervention vs active control) and 4 measurement occasions over a 12-week period. A survey will be administered in each of weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12, and the well-being program will be delivered in weeks 1-7 (via web-based video presentations or digital pamphlets). Each of the 4 surveys will comprise a range of questionnaires to measure well-being, psychological distress, and other key variables. The planned analyses will estimate group-by-time interaction effects to test the hypothesis that mental health will increase over time in the intervention condition relative to the active control condition. Results The Thrive program was delivered to a small number of wards at the hospital between February 2021 and July 2021, and it will be delivered to the remaining wards from October 2021 to December 2021. A power calculation has recommended a sample size of at least 200 participants in total. A linear mixed model will be used to estimate the interaction effects. Conclusions This trial seeks to evaluate a new web-based well-being program for health care workers at a major public hospital. It will contribute to the growing body of research on mental well-being and ways to promote it. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000027819; https://tinyurl.com/58wwjut9 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34005
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Egan
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Mary Mulcahy
- Person Centred Care, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Karen Tuqiri
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Simcock G, Andersen T, McLoughlin LT, Beaudequin D, Parker M, Clacy A, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Suicidality in 12-Year-Olds: The Interaction Between Social Connectedness and Mental Health. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:619-627. [PMID: 32845408 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are a leading cause of death in adolescence. To date, most research with youth has focused on risk factors for suicide; and less attention has been paid to resilience factors. This study examined whether positive beliefs and social connectedness moderate associations between mental health symptoms and STB. A community sample of 12-year-olds (N = 60) completed self-report questionnaires on their STB, mental health symptoms, positive beliefs and social connectedness. Nearly 20% of the adolescents reported STB. STB was associated with increased mental health symptoms and lower scores on the resilience measures. A significant moderating effect of social connectedness showed that youth with a combination of poor mental health and high levels of social support exhibited lower levels of STB. There was no significant moderating effect of positive beliefs. These results indicate that social support should be screened for in primary care and incorporated into youth suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Simcock
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia.
| | - Thu Andersen
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Larisa T McLoughlin
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Denise Beaudequin
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Marcella Parker
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Amanda Clacy
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
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van Schooten KS, Callisaya ML, O'Dea B, Lung T, Anstey K, Lord SR, Christensen H, Brown A, Chow J, McInerney G, Miles L, Ngo M, Perram A, Delbaere K. Protocol of a 12-month multifactorial eHealth programme targeting balance, dual-tasking and mood to prevent falls in older people: the StandingTall+ randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051085. [PMID: 33858875 PMCID: PMC8055147 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls have a multifactorial aetiology, which may limit the effectiveness of the common approach of exercise as the sole intervention strategy. Multifactorial interventions could be more effective in people at high risk of falling; however, the focus of such interventions has traditionally been quite narrow. This paper describes the design of a randomised controlled trial that will evaluate the effectiveness of an eHealth programme, which addresses cumulative effects of key fall-risk factors across the triad of physical, affective and cognitive functions on falls in older people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 518 older people aged 65 years and over with high fall risk, defined as having a history of falls in the past 6 months, self-reported fear of falling or being aged 80 years or over, will be recruited via local advertisements, newsletters and presentations, and randomised to an intervention or health education control group. The intervention comprises balance exercise, cognitive-motor exercise and cognitive-behavioural therapy, with their dosage based on participant's baseline balance, executive function and mood. The primary outcome is the rate of falls in the 12 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes at 6 and 12 months comprise programme adherence, healthcare use, physical activity, balance and mobility, cognitive function, psychological well-being, quality of life, health literacy and user experience and attitudes towards the programme. Data will be analysed following intention to treat to gauge real-world effectiveness. We will further determine complier averaged causal effects to correct for varying adherence and conduct economic analyses to gain insight into cost-effectiveness and cost-utility. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Human Research Ethics Committee in December 2017. Outcomes will be disseminated via peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations, community events and media releases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000540112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S van Schooten
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- The Black Dog Institute and School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Lung
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaarin Anstey
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- The Black Dog Institute and School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia Brown
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Chow
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth McInerney
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lillian Miles
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Ngo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Perram
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Norman-Nott N, Wilks C, Hesam-Shariati N, Schroeder J, Suh J, Czerwinski M, Gustin SM. Efficacy of the iDBT-Pain skills training intervention to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in people with chronic pain: protocol for a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041745. [PMID: 33853792 PMCID: PMC8054083 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficulties in emotional regulation are key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Recent evidence shows internet-delivered dialectic behaviour therapy (iDBT) skills training can reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the efficacy of iDBT skills training in the chronic pain population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A single-case experimental design (SCED) with multiple baselines will be used to examine the efficacy of a 4-week iDBT-Pain skills training intervention (iDBT-Pain intervention) to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in individuals with chronic pain. The iDBT-Pain intervention encompasses two components: (1) iDBT-Pain skills training sessions (iDBT-Pain sessions) and (2) the iDBT-Pain skills training web application (iDBT-Pain app). Three individuals with chronic pain will be recruited and randomly allocated to different baseline phases (5, 9 or 12 days). Following the baseline phase, participants will receive six 60-90 min iDBT-Pain sessions approximately 4 or 5 days apart, delivered by a psychologist via Zoom. To reinforce learnings from the iDBT-Pain sessions, participants will have unlimited use of the iDBT-Pain app. A 7-day follow-up phase (maintenance) will follow the intervention, whereby the iDBT-Pain sessions cease but the iDBT-Pain app is accessible. Emotional regulation, as the primary outcome measure, will be assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Pain intensity, as the secondary outcome measure, will be assessed using a visual analogue scale. Generalisation measures will assess psychological state factors (depression, anxiety and coping behaviour), alongside sleep quality, well-being and harm avoidance. SCEDs are increasingly considered effective designs for internet-delivered psychological interventions because SCED enables the investigation of interindividual variability in a heterogeneous population such as chronic pain. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial was approved by the University of New South Wales (HC200199). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620000604909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Norman-Nott
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chelsey Wilks
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Negin Hesam-Shariati
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Schroeder
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jina Suh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA
| | | | - Sylvia Maria Gustin
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Delbaere K, Valenzuela T, Lord SR, Clemson L, Zijlstra GAR, Close JCT, Lung T, Woodbury A, Chow J, McInerney G, Miles L, Toson B, Briggs N, van Schooten KS. E-health StandingTall balance exercise for fall prevention in older people: results of a two year randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2021; 373:n740. [PMID: 33824131 PMCID: PMC8022322 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether StandingTall, a home based, e-health balance exercise programme delivered through an app, could provide an effective, self-managed fall prevention programme for community dwelling older people. DESIGN Assessor blinded, randomised controlled trial. SETTING Older people living independently in the community in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 503 people aged 70 years and older who were independent in activities of daily living, without cognitive impairment, progressive neurological disease, or any other unstable or acute medical condition precluding exercise. INTERVENTIONS Participants were block randomised to an intervention group (two hours of StandingTall per week and health education; n=254) or a control group (health education; n=249) for two years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were the rate of falls (number of falls per person year) and the proportion of people who had a fall over 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the number of people who had a fall and the number who had an injurious fall (resulting in any injury or requiring medical care), adherence, mood, health related quality of life, and activity levels over 24 months; and balance and mobility outcomes over 12 months. RESULTS The fall rates were not statistically different in the two groups after the first 12 months (0.60 falls per year (standard deviation 1.05) in the intervention group; 0.76 (1.25) in the control group; incidence rate ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 1.13, P=0.071). Additionally, the proportion of people who fell was not statistically different at 12 months (34.6% in intervention group, 40.2% in control group; relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.20, P=0.461). However, the intervention group had a 16% lower rate of falls over 24 months compared with the control group (incidence rate ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.98, P=0.027). Both groups had a similar proportion of people who fell over 24 months (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.10, P=0.239), but the proportion of people who had an injurious fall over 24 months was 20% lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (relative risk 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.98, P=0.031). In the intervention group, 68.1% and 52.0% of participants exercised for a median of 114.0 min/week (interquartile range 53.5) after 12 months and 120.4 min/week (38.6) after 24 months, respectively. Groups remained similar in mood and activity levels. The intervention group had a 0.03 (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.06) improvement on the EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol five dimension five level) utility score at six months, and an improvement in standing balance of 11 s (95% confidence interval 2 to 19 s) at six months and 10 s (1 to 19 s) at 12 months. No serious training related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS The StandingTall balance exercise programme did not significantly affect the primary outcomes of this study. However, the programme significantly reduced the rate of falls and the number of injurious falls over two years, with similar but not statistically significant effects at 12 months. E-health exercise programmes could provide promising scalable fall prevention strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12615000138583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Delbaere
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Trinidad Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G A Rixt Zijlstra
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline C T Close
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Lung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashley Woodbury
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Chow
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Garth McInerney
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Lillian Miles
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Toson
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley S van Schooten
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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29
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Routledge KM, Williams LM, Harris AWF, Schofield PR, Gatt JM. The impact of online brain training exercises on experiences of depression, anxiety and emotional wellbeing in a twin sample. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:138-149. [PMID: 33385632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of cognitive and emotional brain training and transfer effects to wellbeing and depression and anxiety symptoms. 352 healthy adult twins were randomised to a training group where they were asked to play brain training games over a 30-day period, or a waitlist control group. This study focused on the impact of the brain training on explicit and implicit emotional cognition, and analysed effects using both Intention-To-Treat (ITT) and Per-Protocol (PP) approaches. Both analyses revealed significant training effects for improvement in the explicit identification of fear expressions (ITT: p < 0.001, d = 0.33; PP training 3 h+: p < 0.001, d = 0.55), and a reduction in implicit bias for anger expressions amongst males (ITT: p < 0.001, d = 0.94; PP training 3 h+: p = 0.04, d = 0.90). Female participants also showed improvements in implicit bias for happy expressions (ITT: p = 0.003, d = 0.34; PP training 3 h+: p = 0.03, d = 0.47). Improvements resulting from training in emotional cognition did not directly improve wellbeing, depression or anxiety symptoms. Regression modelling also suggested training improvements in emotional cognition yielded no indirect transfer effects for the mental health and wellbeing measures. The results suggest brain training in healthy populations has potential for improving emotional cognition, but the subsequent impact on improving wellbeing and mental health symptoms is still equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Routledge
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, United States.
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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30
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Alexander R, Aragón OR, Bookwala J, Cherbuin N, Gatt JM, Kahrilas IJ, Kästner N, Lawrence A, Lowe L, Morrison RG, Mueller SC, Nusslock R, Papadelis C, Polnaszek KL, Helene Richter S, Silton RL, Styliadis C. The neuroscience of positive emotions and affect: Implications for cultivating happiness and wellbeing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 121:220-249. [PMID: 33307046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper provides an integrative account regarding neurophysiological correlates of positive emotions and affect that cumulatively contribute to the scaffolding for happiness and wellbeing in humans and other animals. This paper reviews the associations among neurotransmitters, hormones, brain networks, and cognitive functions in the context of positive emotions and affect. Consideration of lifespan developmental perspectives are incorporated, and we also examine the impact of healthy social relationships and environmental contexts on the modulation of positive emotions and affect. The neurophysiological processes that implement positive emotions are dynamic and modifiable, and meditative practices as well as flow states that change patterns of brain function and ultimately support wellbeing are also discussed. This review is part of "The Human Affectome Project" (http://neuroqualia.org/background.php), and in order to advance a primary aim of the Human Affectome Project, we also reviewed relevant linguistic dimensions and terminology that characterizes positive emotions and wellbeing. These linguistic dimensions are discussed within the context of the neuroscience literature with the overarching goal of generating novel recommendations for advancing neuroscience research on positive emotions and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Alexander
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Oriana R Aragón
- Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Clemson University, 252 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jamila Bookwala
- Department of Psychology and Program in Aging Studies, Lafayette College, 730 High Road, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health, and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Ian J Kahrilas
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Niklas Kästner
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestraße 13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alistair Lawrence
- Scotland's Rural College, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Truro, NS, B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Robert G Morrison
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christos Papadelis
- Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children's Health Care System, 1500 Cooper St, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA; Laboratory of Children's Brain Dynamics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly L Polnaszek
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestraße 13, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Silton
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Charis Styliadis
- Neuroscience of Cognition and Affection group, Lab of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Cheng PX, Park HRP, Gatt JM. Approach Coping Mitigates Distress of COVID-19 Isolation for Young Men With Low Well-Being in a Sample of 1,749 Youth From Australia and the USA. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634925. [PMID: 34054598 PMCID: PMC8153185 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns across the world with people being separated from their loved ones including partners, family, and friends. Here, using a large sample of 1,749 Australians and Americans, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 isolation on younger populations (13-25 years), and the influence of coping strategies and mental well-being on this impact. Overall, COVID-19 isolation had a more negative impact on adolescence (13-17 years) than young adulthood (18-25 years), but with no difference apparent between men and women, or between Australian and American residents. However, a deeper analysis revealed a gender-specific effect: the type of coping strategies differentially influenced the negative impact of COVID-19 isolation on men with various levels of well-being, an interaction effect not apparent in women. For men with lower levels of mental well-being, COVID-19 isolation appeared to have a less negative impact on them if they used more approach-oriented coping strategies (e.g., actively focusing on the problem). Our results provide cross-sectional evidence for a differential impact on young men at low levels of wellbeing by pandemic isolation. In sum, young men and adolescent boys with lower well-being coped better with COVID-19 isolation when they used more approach coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Xin Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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Hesam-Shariati N, Newton-John T, Singh AK, Tirado Cortes CA, Do TTN, Craig A, Middleton JW, Jensen MP, Trost Z, Lin CT, Gustin SM. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Novel Brain-Computer Interface Neuromodulative Intervention to Relieve Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Single-Case Experimental Design With Multiple Baselines. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e20979. [PMID: 32990249 PMCID: PMC7556378 DOI: 10.2196/20979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a debilitating secondary condition for many individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury neuropathic pain often is poorly responsive to existing pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. A growing body of evidence supports the potential for brain-computer interface systems to reduce spinal cord injury neuropathic pain via electroencephalographic neurofeedback. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the effectiveness of this intervention. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multiday course of a brain-computer interface neuromodulative intervention in a gaming environment to provide pain relief for individuals with neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. METHODS We have developed a novel brain-computer interface-based neuromodulative intervention for spinal cord injury neuropathic pain. Our brain-computer interface neuromodulative treatment includes an interactive gaming interface, and a neuromodulation protocol targeted to suppress theta (4-8 Hz) and high beta (20-30 Hz) frequency powers, and enhance alpha (9-12 Hz) power. We will use a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines to examine the effectiveness of our self-developed brain-computer interface neuromodulative intervention for the treatment of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain. We will recruit 3 participants with spinal cord injury neuropathic pain. Each participant will be randomly allocated to a different baseline phase (ie, 7, 10, or 14 days), which will then be followed by 20 sessions of a 30-minute brain-computer interface neuromodulative intervention over a 4-week period. The visual analog scale assessing average pain intensity will serve as the primary outcome measure. We will also assess pain interference as a secondary outcome domain. Generalization measures will assess quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as resting-state electroencephalography and thalamic γ-aminobutyric acid concentration. RESULTS This study was approved by the Human Research Committees of the University of New South Wales in July 2019 and the University of Technology Sydney in January 2020. We plan to begin the trial in October 2020 and expect to publish the results by the end of 2021. CONCLUSIONS This clinical trial using single-case experimental design methodology has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel brain-computer interface neuromodulative treatment for people with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Single-case experimental designs are considered a viable alternative approach to randomized clinical trials to identify evidence-based practices in the field of technology-based health interventions when recruitment of large samples is not feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000556943; https://bit.ly/2RY1jRx. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/20979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Hesam-Shariati
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby Newton-John
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Avinash K Singh
- School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - James W Middleton
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zina Trost
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvia M Gustin
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Jamshidi J, Williams LM, Schofield PR, Park HRP, Montalto A, Chilver MR, Bryant RA, Toma C, Fullerton JM, Gatt JM. Diverse phenotypic measurements of wellbeing: Heritability, temporal stability and the variance explained by polygenic scores. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12694. [PMID: 32785990 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wellbeing, a key aspect of mental health, is moderately heritable with varying estimates reported from independent studies employing a variety of instruments. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the construction of polygenic scores (PGS) for wellbeing, providing the opportunity for direct comparisons of the variance explained by PGS for different instruments commonly employed in the field. Nine wellbeing measurements (multi-item and single-item), two personality domains (NEO-FFI neuroticism and extraversion), plus the depression domain of the DASS-42 were drawn from a larger self-report battery applied to the TWIN-E study-an Australian longitudinal twin cohort (N = 1660). Heritability was estimated using univariate twin modeling and 12-month test-retest reliability was estimated using intra-class correlation. PGS were constructed using wellbeing GWAS summary-statistics from Baselmans et al. (Nat Genet. 2019), and the variance explained estimated using linear models. Last, a GWAS was performed using COMPAS-W, a quantitative composite wellbeing measure, to explore its utility in genomic studies. Heritability estimates ranged from 23% to 47% across instruments, and multi-item measures showed higher heritability and test-retest reliability than single-item measures. The variance explained by PGS was ~0.5% to 1.5%, with considerable variation between measures, and within each measure over 12 months. Five loci with suggestive association (p < 1 × 10-5 ) were identified from this initial COMPAS-W wellbeing GWAS. This work highlights the variability across measures currently employed in wellbeing research, with multi-item and composite measures favored over single-item measures. While wellbeing PGS are useful in a research setting, they explain little of the phenotypic variance, highlighting gaps for improved gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudio Toma
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chilver MR, Keller AS, Park HRP, Jamshidi J, Montalto A, Schofield PR, Clark CR, Harmon-Jones E, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Electroencephalography profiles as a biomarker of wellbeing: A twin study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126:114-121. [PMID: 32450375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations to electroencephalography (EEG) power have been reported for psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety, but not for mental wellbeing in a healthy population. This study examined the resting EEG profiles associated with mental wellbeing, and how genetics and environment contribute to these associations using twin modelling. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale which measures both subjective and psychological wellbeing. In 422 healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins aged 18-61 years, we examined the association between mental wellbeing and EEG power (alpha, beta, theta, delta) using linear mixed models. This was followed by univariate and multivariate twin modelling to assess the heritability of wellbeing and EEG power, and whether the association was driven by shared genetics or environment. A significant association between wellbeing and an interaction of alpha, beta, and delta (ABD) power was found (β = -0.33, p < 0.001) whereby a profile of high alpha and delta and low beta was associated with higher wellbeing, independent of depression and anxiety symptoms. This finding was supported by a five-fold cross-validation analysis. A significant genetic correlation (rG = -0.43) was found to account for 94% of the association between wellbeing and the EEG power interaction. Together, this study has identified a novel EEG profile with a common genetic component that may be a potential biomarker of mental wellbeing. Future studies need to clarify the causal direction of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Arielle S Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - C Richard Clark
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Eddie Harmon-Jones
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, California, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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35
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Beaudequin D, Schwenn P, McLoughlin LT, Parker MJ, Broadhouse K, Simcock G, Boyes A, Kannis-Dymand L, Wood A, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Using measures of intrinsic homeostasis and extrinsic modulation to evaluate mental health in adolescents: Preliminary results from the longitudinal adolescent brain study (LABS). Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112848. [PMID: 32062518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period when complex interactions occur between mental health risk factors. The Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS) commenced in 2018, to monitor environmental and psychosocial factors thought to influence mental health in 500 young people. Participants commence at 12 years of age, via a community-based recruitment model, and data is collected at 15 time-points over five years. This study examines demographic and psychosocial self-report data from time-point 1, for the first 50 participants. Here we investigate associations between environmental and psychosocial factors, considered as measures of intrinsic homeostasis and extrinsic modulation. Numerous strong correlations were found. Findings indicate that sleep dysfunction and social connectedness were strongly associated external modulators of intrinsic homeostasis in this sample of 12-year old participants. To successfully address the increase in mental health problems in young people, comprehensive evaluation of lifestyle and environmental risk factors is recommended in addition to medicalised approaches. Interventions to promote mental health wellbeing in young adolescents should include a focus on sleep quality and patterns and the positive and negative aspects of social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Beaudequin
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia.
| | - Paul Schwenn
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Larisa T McLoughlin
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Marcella J Parker
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Kathryn Broadhouse
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Amanda Boyes
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Lee Kannis-Dymand
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Andrew Wood
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya 4575, Australia
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36
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Ruini C, Cesetti G. Spotlight on eudaimonia and depression. A systematic review of the literature over the past 5 years. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:767-792. [PMID: 31507332 PMCID: PMC6720155 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s178255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent investigations pointed out to the important role of well-being in influencing physical and mental health, with robust findings for the dimension of depression. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an updated summary of articles focused on eudaimonia and depression, including psychosocial interventions that addressed both issues. METHOD The literature search was performed by entering the keywords: "eudaimonia" OR "eudaimonic well-being (EWB)" and "depression" and by limiting to "journal article" and to the English language. To be included in this, review articles had to present at least one EWB measure and one depression measure, and had to investigate young and adult populations, including populations with mental health disorders. Articles were excluded if they were published before 2014. RESULTS Thirty-four articles were included, with a total of 81,987 participants. About the majority of participants were recruited in two twin studies, followed by college students, and by adults belonging to the general and clinical populations. Sixteen different instruments assessed eudaimonia, being Ryff's psychological well-being scale the most frequently used. The most used instrument for assessing depression was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, followed by Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The studies confirmed the robust, inverse correlation between eudaimonia and depression, which was only partially explained by genetic common factors and which was mediated by other factors, as self-compassion, personality traits, and defense mechanisms. Various interventions were found to be effective both in promoting eudaimonia and in addressing depression, ranging from cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, to positive psychotherapy. CONCLUSION Clinicians, counselors, and practitioners can select different strategies to promote EWB and to address depression. The findings also suggest the need for a larger consensus on the definition of eudaimonia and on the specific measure(s) to evaluate it in different populations and in different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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37
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Braund TA, Palmer DM, Williams LM, Harris AW. Characterising anxiety in major depressive disorder and its use in predicting antidepressant treatment outcome: An iSPOT-D report. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:782-793. [PMID: 30880405 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419835933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder commonly co-occurs with one or more anxiety disorders or with clinically significant levels of anxiety symptoms. Although evidence suggests that anxious forms of depression are prognostic of poorer antidepressant outcomes, there is no clear definition of anxious depression, and inferences about clinical outcomes are thus limited. Our objective was to compare and evaluate definitions of anxious depression and anxiety-related scales according to clinical and antidepressant outcome criteria. METHOD A total of 1008 adults with a current diagnosis of single-episode or recurrent, nonpsychotic, major depressive disorder were assessed at baseline on clinical features. Participants were then randomised to one of three antidepressants and reassessed at 8 weeks regarding remission and response of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale Depression (HRSD17) and the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16). Anxious depression was defined as major depressive disorder with one or more anxiety disorders or major depressive disorder with a HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor score ⩾7. Anxiety-related scales included the HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor and the 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS42) anxiety and stress subscales. RESULTS Anxious depression definitions showed poor agreement (κ = 0.15) and the HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor was weakly correlated with both DASS42 anxiety (r = 0.24) and stress subscales (r = 0.20). Anxious depression definitions were also associated with few impairments on clinical features and did not predict poorer antidepressant treatment outcome. However, higher DASS42 anxiety predicted poorer HRSD17 and QIDS-SR16 remission, and item-level analysis found higher scores on items 9 (situational anxiety) and 23 (somatic anxiety) of the DASS42 predicted poorer treatment outcome, even after adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Common definitions of anxious depression show poor agreement and do not predict poorer treatment outcome. Anxiety symptoms may be better characterised dimensionally using DASS42 when predicting treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Braund
- 1 Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 The Brain Resource Company, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna M Palmer
- 1 Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 The Brain Resource Company, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,5 Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Wf Harris
- 1 Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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Gatt JM, Alexander R, Emond A, Foster K, Hadfield K, Mason-Jones A, Reid S, Theron L, Ungar M, Wouldes TA, Wu Q. Trauma, Resilience, and Mental Health in Migrant and Non-Migrant Youth: An International Cross-Sectional Study Across Six Countries. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:997. [PMID: 32210844 PMCID: PMC7073329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation to significant adversity. While there has been substantial focus on risks and negative outcomes associated with youth migrancy, there is limited evidence of the relationship between the adversity of migration, and resilience, wellbeing, and positive mental health in adolescents. This international study aimed to explore the differences in resilience, wellbeing, and mental health behaviors in migrant and non-migrant adolescents tested across six countries (Australia, New Zealand, UK, China, South Africa, and Canada) with varying levels of trauma exposure. The study was a cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sample of 194 10-17 year old migrants and non-migrants. The migrant sample included both "internal" migrants (change of residence within a country) and "external" migrants (change of residence across national borders) for comparison. Across the sites, migrants reported a higher mean number of traumatic events for the past year than non-migrants, with internal migrants reporting more events than external migrants overall. South African adolescents reported a higher mean number of traumatic events for the past year than all other sites. External migrants reported higher resilience scores yet reduced prosocial behaviors relative to internal migrants and non-migrants, whereas both internal and external migrants reported higher peer problems than non-migrants. When considering the interacting effects of trauma, the presence or absence of trauma did not appear to impact migrant scores in terms of resilience, wellbeing, or conduct problems. In comparison, trauma-exposed non-migrants showed detriments relative to trauma-exposed migrant peers for all of these measures. In conclusion, the survey tool was found to be reliable and acceptable for use in international studies of different samples of adolescent migrants. Overall, migrant adolescents showed greater resilience resources than non-migrants and, although the migrants experienced more traumatic events, the impact of trauma on mental health outcomes was greater in the non-migrants. There is a need for further research with larger prospective sample sizes to investigate how levels of resilience and wellbeing vary over time and across countries, and the ways resilience can be promoted in adolescents exposed to trauma, regardless of migrancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Alexander
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Foster
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristin Hadfield
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steve Reid
- Primary Health Care Directorate, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Ungar
- Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Trecia A Wouldes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qiaobing Wu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Gatt JM, Burton KL, Routledge KM, Grasby KL, Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Schofield PR, Harris AW, Clark CR, Williams LM. A negative association between brainstem pontine grey-matter volume, well-being and resilience in healthy twins. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:386-395. [PMID: 30372012 PMCID: PMC6203545 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between well-being, resilience to trauma and the volume of grey-matter regions involved in affective processing (e.g., threat/reward circuits) are largely unexplored, as are the roles of shared genetic and environmental factors derived from multivariate twin modelling. Methods This study presents, to our knowledge, the first exploration of well-being and volumes of grey-matter regions involved in affective processing using a region-of-interest, voxel-based approach in 263 healthy adult twins (60% monozygotic pairs, 61% females, mean age 39.69 yr). To examine patterns for resilience (i.e., positive adaptation following adversity), we evaluated associations between the same brain regions and well-being in a trauma-exposed subgroup. Results We found a correlated effect between increased well-being and reduced grey-matter volume of the pontine nuclei. This association was strongest for individuals with higher resilience to trauma. Multivariate twin modelling suggested that the common variance between the pons volume and well-being scores was due to environmental factors. Limitations We used a cross-sectional sample; results need to be replicated longitudinally and in a larger sample. Conclusion Associations with altered grey matter of the pontine nuclei suggest that basic sensory processes, such as arousal, startle, memory consolidation and/or emotional conditioning, may have a role in well-being and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M. Gatt
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Karen L.O. Burton
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Kylie M. Routledge
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Katrina L. Grasby
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Stuart M. Grieve
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Anthony W.F. Harris
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - C. Richard Clark
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- From the Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia (Gatt, Burton, Schofield); the School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Gatt, Burton); the Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (Routledge, Korgaonkar, Harris); the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (Grasby); the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Korgaonkar, Harris, Williams); the Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, and the Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Grieve); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Schofield); the School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Brain Clinics Australia, Unley, South Australia (Clark); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America (Williams); and the MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, United States of America (Williams)
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Baselmans BML, Willems YE, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Ligthart L, Willemsen G, Dolan CV, Boomsma DI, Bartels M. Unraveling the Genetic and Environmental Relationship Between Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms Throughout the Lifespan. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:261. [PMID: 29962975 PMCID: PMC6010548 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether well-being and depressive symptoms can be considered as two sides of the same coin is widely debated. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the etiology of the association between well-being and depressive symptoms across the lifespan. In a large twin-design, including data from 43,427 twins between age 7 and 99, we estimated the association between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan and assessed genetic and environmental contributions to the observed overlap. For both well-being (range 31-47%) and depressive symptoms (range 49-61%), genetic factors explained a substantial part of the phenotypic variance across the lifespan. Phenotypic correlations between well-being and depressive symptoms across ages ranged from -0.34 in childhood to -0.49 in adulthood. In children, genetic effects explained 49% of the phenotypic correlation while in adolescents and young adults, genetic effects explained 60-77% of the phenotypic correlations. Moderate to high genetic correlations (ranging from -0.59 to -0.66) were observed in adolescence and adulthood, while in childhood environmental correlations were substantial but genetic correlations small. Our results suggest that in childhood genetic and environmental effects are about equally important in explaining the relationship between well-being and depressive symptoms. From adolescence onwards, the role of genetic effects increases compared to environmental effects. These results provided more insights into the etiological underpinnings of well-being and depressive symptoms, possibly allowing to articulate better strategies for health promotion and resource allocation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M. L. Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yayouk E. Willems
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conor V. Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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41
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Routledge KM, Williams LM, Harris AWF, Schofield PR, Clark CR, Gatt JM. Genetic correlations between wellbeing, depression and anxiety symptoms and behavioral responses to the emotional faces task in healthy twins. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:385-393. [PMID: 29677622 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is a very limited understanding of how mental wellbeing versus anxiety and depression symptoms are associated with emotion processing behaviour. For the first time, we examined these associations using a behavioural emotion task of positive and negative facial expressions in 1668 healthy adult twins. Linear mixed model results suggested faster reaction times to happy facial expressions was associated with higher wellbeing scores, and slower reaction times with higher depression and anxiety scores. Multivariate twin modelling identified a significant genetic correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms and reaction time to happy facial expressions, in the absence of any significant correlations with wellbeing. We also found a significant negative phenotypic relationship between depression and anxiety symptoms and accuracy for identifying neutral emotions, although the genetic or environment correlations were not significant in the multivariate model. Overall, the phenotypic relationships between speed of identifying happy facial expressions and wellbeing on the one hand, versus depression and anxiety symptoms on the other, were in opposing directions. Twin modelling revealed a small common genetic correlation between response to happy faces and depression and anxiety symptoms alone, suggesting that wellbeing and depression and anxiety symptoms show largely independent relationships with emotion processing at the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Routledge
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, USA.
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - C Richard Clark
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031 Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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42
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Bloch-Jorgensen ZT, Cilione PJ, Yeung WWH, Gatt JM. Centeredness Theory: Understanding and Measuring Well-Being Across Core Life Domains. Front Psychol 2018; 9:610. [PMID: 29765344 PMCID: PMC5938389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Centeredness Theory (CT) is proposed as a new mental health paradigm that focuses on well-being at a systems-level, across the core life domains of the self, the family unit, relationships, community, and work. The current studies aimed to validate the psychometric properties of a new scale that measures CT against existing well-being and mental health measures. Methods: Study 1 included 488 anonymous online respondents (46% females, 28% males, 25% unknown with median age between 31 and 35 years) across 38 countries who completed the CT scale. Study 2 included 49 first-year psychology students (90% females, mean age of 19 years) from Sydney Australia that completed the CT scale and other well-being and mental health questionnaires at baseline and 2-weeks follow-up. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a refined 60-item CT scale with five domains, each with four sub-domains. The CT scale demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and showed evidence of convergent validity against other well-being measures (e.g., COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale, SWLS scale, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being scale). Conclusions: The CT scale appears to be a reliable measure of well-being at a systems-level. Future studies need to confirm these findings in larger heterogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zephyr T Bloch-Jorgensen
- MAP Corp. Pte. Ltd., Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.,MAP Corp. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - William W H Yeung
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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DeYoung S, Suji M, Southall HG. Maternal Perceptions of Infant Feeding and Health in the Context of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. J Hum Lact 2018; 34:242-252. [PMID: 29462570 DOI: 10.1177/0890334417750144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displacement caused by the 2015 earthquake in Nepal exacerbated poor health and nutrition for thousands of women and children. Research aim: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of Nepalese mothers residing in earthquake relocation camps regarding barriers, facilitators, and situational factors influencing breastfeeding and family well-being. METHODS An exploratory, rapid ethnographic approach was used during two fieldwork phases. Phase 1 consisted of reconnaissance and observation, whereas Phase 2 consisted of observation and qualitative semistructured interviews with infant caretakers ( N = 14). RESULTS We found evidence of human milk substitutes donated by various groups after the earthquake, despite Nepal's media statement condemning these donations. Participants in this study expressed concerns about their milk supply. They also expressed concerns about the impending winter season combined with distress about the 2015 fuel crisis and the impact that this had on their infants and children. Furthermore, participants expressed choices about infant feeding that were influenced by traditional Nepalese practices. Specifically, homemade complementary foods and spices designed to boost lactation were identified as being used during daily infant feeding practices. CONCLUSION Infant caretakers need culturally specific support for breastfeeding after disasters. These findings can directly influence future interventions concerning Nepalese mothers' perceptions, infant care, and feeding practices in disaster scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeYoung
- 1 Institute for Disaster Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Manoj Suji
- 2 Tribhuvan University; Social Science Baha (Kathmandu), Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Hannah G Southall
- 3 Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Routledge KM, Burton KLO, Williams LM, Harris A, Schofield PR, Clark CR, Gatt JM. Shared versus distinct genetic contributions of mental wellbeing with depression and anxiety symptoms in healthy twins. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:65-70. [PMID: 27472172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mental wellbeing and mental illness symptoms are typically conceptualized as opposite ends of a continuum, despite only sharing about a quarter in common variance. We investigated the normative variation in measures of wellbeing and of depression and anxiety in 1486 twins who did not meet clinical criteria for an overt diagnosis. We quantified the shared versus distinct genetic and environmental variance between wellbeing and depression and anxiety symptoms. The majority of participants (93%) reported levels of depression and anxiety symptoms within the healthy range, yet only 23% reported a wellbeing score within the "flourishing" range: the remainder were within the ranges of "moderate" (67%) or "languishing" (10%). In twin models, measures of wellbeing and of depression and anxiety shared 50.09% of variance due to genetic factors and 18.27% due to environmental factors; the rest of the variance was due to unique variation impacting wellbeing or depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that an absence of clinically-significant symptoms of depression and anxiety does not necessarily indicate that an individual is flourishing. Both unique and shared genetic and environmental factors may determine why some individuals flourish in the absence of symptoms while others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Routledge
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Karen L O Burton
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, United States
| | - Anthony Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C Richard Clark
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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45
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Routledge KM, Burton KLO, Williams LM, Harris A, Schofield PR, Clark CR, Gatt JM. The shared and unique genetic relationship between mental well-being, depression and anxiety symptoms and cognitive function in healthy twins. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:1465-1479. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1232242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M. Routledge
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen L. O. Burton
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- MIRECC VISN21, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C. Richard Clark
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Brain Clinics Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Interest in the study of psychological health and well-being has increased significantly in recent decades. A variety of conceptualizations of psychological health have been proposed including hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, quality-of-life, and wellness approaches. Although instruments for measuring constructs associated with each of these approaches have been developed, there has been no comprehensive review of well-being measures. The present literature review was undertaken to identify self-report instruments measuring well-being or closely related constructs (i.e., quality of life and wellness) and critically evaluate them with regard to their conceptual basis and psychometric properties. Through a literature search, we identified 42 instruments that varied significantly in length, psychometric properties, and their conceptualization and operationalization of well-being. Results suggest that there is considerable disagreement regarding how to properly understand and measure well-being. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Tiedemann A, Rissel C, Howard K, Tong A, Merom D, Smith S, Wickham J, Bauman A, Lord SR, Vogler C, Lindley RI, Simpson JM, Allman-Farinelli M, Sherrington C. Health coaching and pedometers to enhance physical activity and prevent falls in community-dwelling people aged 60 years and over: study protocol for the Coaching for Healthy AGEing (CHAnGE) cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012277. [PMID: 27165652 PMCID: PMC4874201 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention of falls and promotion of physical activity are essential for maximising well-being in older age. However, there is evidence that promoting physical activity among older people without providing fall prevention advice may increase fall rates. This trial aims to establish the impact of a physical activity and fall prevention programme compared with a healthy eating programme on physical activity and falls among people aged 60+ years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This cluster randomised controlled trial will involve 60 groups of community-dwelling people aged 60+ years. Participating groups will be randomised to: (1) a physical activity and fall prevention intervention (30 groups), involving written information, fall risk assessment and prevention advice, a pedometer-based physical activity tracker and telephone-based health coaching; or (2) a healthy eating intervention (30 groups) involving written information and telephone-based dietary coaching. Primary outcomes will be objectively measured physical activity at 12 months post-randomisation and self-reported falls throughout the 12-month trial period. Secondary outcomes include: the proportion of fallers, the proportion of people meeting the Australian physical activity guidelines, body mass index, eating habits, mobility goal attainment, mobility-related confidence, quality of life, fear of falling, risk-taking behaviour, mood, well-being, self-reported physical activity, disability, and health and community service use. The between-group difference in the number of falls per person-year will be analysed using negative binomial regression models. For the continuously scored primary and secondary outcome measures, linear regression adjusted for corresponding baseline scores will assess the effect of group allocation. Analyses will be preplanned, conducted while masked to group allocation, will take into account cluster randomisation, and will use an intention-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at The University of Sydney, Australia (number 2015/517). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles, international conference presentations and participants' newsletters. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615001190594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tiedemann
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney,Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Smith
- Faculty of Arts and Business, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Wickham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Constance Vogler
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard I Lindley
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney,Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judy M Simpson
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Catherine Sherrington
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney,Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Enoch MA, Kitzman H, Smith JA, Anson E, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Olds DL. A Prospective Cohort Study of Influences on Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: Results From a Nurse Home Visiting Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:376-82. [PMID: 27126851 PMCID: PMC4851736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated genetic and environmental influences on behavior in a cohort of 600 children followed prenatally to 18 years. METHOD A randomized controlled trial of prenatal/infancy nurse home visits (NHV) was conducted in 600 predominantly African American mothers and their firstborn children from Memphis, TN. Mothers were assessed in pregnancy for mental health (MH), self-efficacy, and mastery. Mothers reported longitudinally on smoking and alcohol/drug use. The functional polymorphisms SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, FKBP5 rs1360780 and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 were genotyped together with 186 ancestry informative markers. Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores from the mother-report Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were included as dependent variables in regression analyses for time points 2, 6, 12, and 18 years. RESULTS Behaviors at younger ages strongly predicted later behaviors (p < .0001). Children whose mothers had high self-efficacy and had received NHV were better behaved at age 2 years. Poorer maternal MH adversely influenced ED up to 12 years, but at age 18 years, maternal mastery exerted a strong, positive effect (p = .0001). Maternal smoking was associated with worse ED at 6 and 18 years. Main and interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms varied across childhood: FKBP5 rs1360780 up to age 6, 5-HTTLPR from 6 to 12, and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 from 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that maternal MH and resilience measured in pregnancy have long-lasting effects on child behavior. Maternal smoking across childhood and genetic factors also play a role. NHV had a positive effect on early behavior. Our findings have implications for prevention of pathological behaviors in adulthood. Clinical trial registration information-Age-17 Follow-Up of Home Visiting Intervention; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00708695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD.
| | | | - Joyce A. Smith
- University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Colin A. Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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Delbaere K, Valenzuela T, Woodbury A, Davies T, Yeong J, Steffens D, Miles L, Pickett L, Zijlstra GAR, Clemson L, Close JCT, Howard K, Lord SR. Evaluating the effectiveness of a home-based exercise programme delivered through a tablet computer for preventing falls in older community-dwelling people over 2 years: study protocol for the Standing Tall randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009173. [PMID: 26493461 PMCID: PMC4620168 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to prevent falls, older people should exercise for at least 2 h per week for 6 months, with a strong focus on balance exercises. This article describes the design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based exercise programme delivered through a tablet computer to prevent falls in older people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants aged 70 years or older, living in the community in Sydney will be recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention consists of a tailored, home-based balance training delivered through a tablet computer. Intervention participants will be asked to complete 2 h of exercises per week for 2 years. Both groups will receive an education programme focused on health-related information relevant to older adults, delivered through the tablet computer via weekly fact sheets. Primary outcome measures include number of fallers and falls rate recorded in weekly fall diaries at 12 months. A sample size of 500 will be necessary to see an effect on falls rate. Secondary outcome measures include concern about falling, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life and physical activity levels (in all 500 participants); and physiological fall risk, balance, functional mobility, gait, stepping and cognitive performance (in a subsample of 200 participants). Adherence, acceptability, usability and enjoyment will be recorded in intervention group participants over 2 years. Data will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary analyses are planned in people with greater adherence. Economic analyses will be assessed from a health and community care provider perspective. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from UNSW Ethics Committee in December 2014 (ref number HC#14/266). Outcomes will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN)12615000138583.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Valenzuela
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Woodbury
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Davies
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Yeong
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Steffens
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Miles
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Pickett
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G A R Zijlstra
- Department of Health Services Research—Focusing on Chronic Care and Ageing, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Clemson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ageing Work and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J C T Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Choice UniSA, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Examining the association between psychological wellbeing with daily and intra-individual variation in subjective wellbeing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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