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Koks-Leensen MC, Menko A, Raaijmakers F, Fransen-Kuppens GA, Bevelander KE. An Accessible Web-Based Survey to Monitor the Mental Health of People With Mild Intellectual Disability or Low Literacy Skills During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Data Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e44827. [PMID: 38607229 PMCID: PMC11176870 DOI: 10.2196/44827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures affected the mental health of all populations. Particular subgroups are underrepresented in mainstream surveys because they are hard to reach, and study measurements are not adapted to their skills. These subgroups include people with lower cognitive and literacy skills, such as people with mild intellectual disability (MID), who were considered vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic given their low socioeconomic status, small social networks, increased risks of health problems, and difficulties understanding health-related information. OBJECTIVE This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among people with MID or low literacy skills compared with those predominantly represented in national surveys. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study of people with MID or low literacy skills and a general population sample was conducted in the Netherlands. An easy-read web-based survey was co-designed with, and tested among, people with MID or low literacy skills and conducted in 3 rounds within 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic (T1: November to December 2020, T2: March to April 2021, and T3: September to October 2021). The survey contained questions about demographics and 6 aspects of mental health: feeling happy, feeling energized, feeling stressed, worry, feeling lonely, and sleeping problems. RESULTS Our adapted survey and recruitment procedure enabled 1059 persons with MID or low literacy skills to participate (T1: n=412, 38.9%; T2: n=351, 33.1%; and T3: n=296, 28%). They were significantly younger, had a lower level of education, and more often than not were born outside the Netherlands compared to the general population sample (P<.001). Approximately half of them (604/1059, 57.03%) received professional care. They displayed poorer mental health scores than the general population sample. The percentages of people with MID or low literacy skills who reported more negative feelings in T1 ranged from 20.6% (85/412) reporting feeling lonely often or almost always to 57.8% (238/412) reporting feeling happy almost never or sometimes. The general population sample's percentages were 5.4% (160/2930) and 32.2% (941/2918), respectively. Although scores improved over time in both populations, the disproportional effects remained. CONCLUSIONS General COVID-19-related restrictions for the entire Dutch population affected people with MID or low literacy skills more negatively than the general population. Our study underscores the relevance of including these subpopulations in public health research because they are often overlooked in regular health data. An accessible web-based survey particularly targeted at this population enabled us to do so, and we reached a group of respondents significantly different from regular survey participants. This survey's results provided insights into the health of people with MID or low literacy skills and gained knowledge to be used by care organizations and policy makers to reduce health disparities during a pandemic and in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Cj Koks-Leensen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Menko
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fieke Raaijmakers
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Safety and Health Region Gelderland-Midden, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Gerdine Aj Fransen-Kuppens
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Municipal Health Service Gelderland Zuid, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bevelander
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Intellectual Disability and Health - Sterker op Eigen Benen (SOEB), Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative AMPHI - Integrated Health Policy, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Semenza DC, Silver IA, Jackson DB. Youth Incarceration in Adult Facilities and Mental Health in Early Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:989-995. [PMID: 38402473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between youth incarceration in adult correctional facilities and mental health in early adulthood. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data from 1997 through 2019 (N = 8,961) using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. An ordinary least squares regression model using inverse probability weights was used to assess the influence of youth incarceration in an adult facility on average mental health scores from age 18 to 37. RESULTS Respondents incarcerated in an adult facility as a youth had poorer average mental health than those not held in adult prisons or jails over the course of the study period. Those incarcerated for longer in adult facilities also exhibited more mental health symptoms. DISCUSSION Young people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities experience poorer long-term mental health related to depression and anxiety in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey; Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
| | - Ian A Silver
- Center for Legal Systems Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zhai Y, Carney JV. The role of mental health and protective factors in student academic persistence and retention during a global crisis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e15. [PMID: 38390245 PMCID: PMC10882184 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges for millions of students globally, leading to enrollment cliff. This study addresses the existing research gap by investigating the influence of students' mental health and various protective factors (i.e., optimism, help-seeking behaviors, social support) on academic persistence, an indicator of student retention. We utilized the structural equation modeling approach to examine the effect of students' mental health conditions, risk perception of COVID-19 and protective factors on academic persistence through a sample of 1,051 students from 45 states. Students' mental health positively predicted academic persistence. Risk perception of COVID-19 was negatively associated with mental health but positively predicted academic persistence and help-seeking behaviors. Optimism fully mediated the effect of mental health on help-seeking behaviors but did not mediate the effect of risk perception on help-seeking behaviors. Social support positively predicted academic persistence. This study underscores the integral role of mental health and protective factors in supporting student retention. Universities should develop targeted programs to address students' mental health needs and promote protective behaviors. These initiatives can enhance academic persistence, thereby aiding in the retention of students affected by this pandemic or any future global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Zhai
- Department of Human Studies, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - JoLynn V Carney
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Rojas-Mendoza E, Alania-Marin V, Travezaño-Cabrera A. New psychometric evidence from the Revised Mental Health Inventory (R-MHI-5) in Peruvian adolescents from a network psychometrics approach. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:52. [PMID: 38287444 PMCID: PMC10826004 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is an aspect that has been relegated in recent years, prioritizing physical health care. However, there are more and more mental problems and disorders worldwide. In this context, adolescents are considered at risk for developing psychological difficulties due to the important transition stage they are going through. Given this, an adequate measurement of mental health in the adolescent population is necessary. This research aims to evaluate the internal structure and estimate the reliability of the R-MHI-5. METHOD The sample covered 662 adolescents (55.2% men and 44.7% women) aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.5; SD = 1.6). RESULTS Exploratory graph analysis revealed a two-dimensional structure encompassing well-being and psychological distress. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that a model with two related factors demonstrated superior fit indices (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.101) in comparison to a one-dimensional model (CFI = 0.85; TLI = 0.71; SRMR = 0.23; RMSEA = 0.451). Additionally, adequate values were found in the reliability of the dimensions. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the R-MHI-5 is an instrument with robust psychometric evidence from the perspective of the EGA and CFA, providing adequate evidence of reliability and validity so that it can be used effectively in future research and prevention and intervention processes. Furthermore, our study is the first to provide psychometric evidence of the scale from a media approach in Peruvian adolescents.
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Batterham PJ, Werner-Seidler A, O'Dea B, Calear AL, Maston K, Mackinnon A, Christensen H. Psychometric properties of the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5) for measuring psychological distress in adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:58-63. [PMID: 38000185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Screening for psychological distress may assist in identifying at-risk adolescents. While several measures of adolescent psychological distress have been used, most have limited or suboptimal psychometric properties. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5), a brief measure of psychological distress, in a large community-based sample of adolescents. Data for the study (n = 3117) were drawn from the baseline and 6-week follow-up assessments of the Future Proofing Study, which collected data from three cohorts of Year 8 students (M = 13.9 years; 48% female) between August 2019 and May 2022. Participants completed the DQ5 at each measurement occasion, as well as measures of depression, generalised and social anxiety, and suicidal ideation. The DQ5 had good fit to a unidimensional construct, with standardised factor loadings ranging between 0.69 and 0.90. The scale had strong criterion (AUC ranged from 0.84 to 0.93) and predictive (AUC ranged from 0.81 to 0.87) validity when compared against indicators for depression, generalised anxiety, social anxiety and suicidal ideation. The DQ5 cut-point of ≥14 had 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity for identifying adolescents meeting symptom thresholds for any of the assessed mental health conditions. Changes in DQ5 scores over 6 weeks had moderate associations with changes in other symptom scales, suggesting sensitivity to change. In conclusion, the DQ5 demonstrates strong psychometric properties and is a reliable measure of psychological distress in adolescents. Given its brevity and ease of interpretation, the DQ5 could be readily used in schools to screen for psychological distress in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Helen Christensen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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6
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van Doorn M, Monsanto A, Wang CL, Verfaillie SCJ, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Popma A, Jaspers MWM, Öry F, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gleeson JF, Nieman DH. The Effects of a Digital, Transdiagnostic, Clinically and Peer-Moderated Treatment Platform for Young People With Emerging Mental Health Complaints: Repeated Measures Within-Subjects Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e50636. [PMID: 38090802 PMCID: PMC10753424 DOI: 10.2196/50636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the growing prevalence of youth mental health problems, early intervention is crucial to minimize individual, societal, and economic impacts. Indicative prevention aims to target emerging mental health complaints before the onset of a full-blown disorder. When intervening at this early stage, individuals are more responsive to treatment, resulting in cost-effective outcomes. The Moderated Online Social Therapy platform, which was successfully implemented and proven effective in Australia, is a digital, peer- and clinically moderated treatment platform designed for young people. The Netherlands was the first country outside Australia to implement this platform, under the name Engage Young People Early (ENYOY). It has the potential to reduce the likelihood of young people developing serious mental health disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects on young people using the ENYOY-platform in relation to psychological distress, psychosocial functioning, and positive health parameters. METHODS Dutch-speaking young people with emerging mental health complaints (N=131) participated in the ENYOY-platform for 6 months in a repeated measures within-subjects study. Psychological distress, psychosocial functioning, and positive health parameters were assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted and adjusted for age, sex, therapy, and community activity. The Reliable Change Index and Clinically Significant Index were computed to compare the baseline with the 6- and 12-month measurements. The missing data rate was 22.54% and the dropout rate 62.6% (82/131). RESULTS The primary analysis (77/131, 58.8%) showed that psychological distress decreased and psychosocial functioning improved over time with large effect sizes (P<.001 in both cases; ηp2=0.239 and 0.318, respectively) independent of age (P=.76 for psychological distress and P=.48 for psychosocial functioning), sex (P=.24 and P=.88, respectively), therapy activity (P=.49 and P=.80, respectively), or community activity (P=.59 and P=.48, respectively). Similarly, secondary analyses (51/131, 38.9%) showed significant effects of time on the quality of life, well-being, and meaningfulness positive health parameters (P<.05; ηp2=0.062, 0.140, and 0.121, respectively). Improvements in all outcome measures were found between baseline and 3 and 6 months (P≤.001-.01; d=0.23-0.62) and sustained at follow-up (P=.18-.97; d=0.01-0.16). The Reliable Change Index indicated psychological distress improvements in 38% (39/102) of cases, no change in 54.9% (56/102) of cases, and worsening in 5.9% (6/102) of cases. Regarding psychosocial functioning, the percentages were 50% (51/102), 43.1% (44/102), and 6.9% (7/102), respectively. The Clinically Significant Index demonstrated clinically significant changes in 75.5% (77/102) of cases for distress and 89.2% (91/102) for functioning. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrated that the ENYOY-platform holds promise as a transdiagnostic intervention for addressing emerging mental health complaints among young people in the Netherlands and laid the groundwork for further clinical research. It would be of great relevance to expand the population on and service delivery of the platform. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-021-03315-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilon van Doorn
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Monsanto
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Antes, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chen Lu Wang
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander C J Verfaillie
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Arne Popma
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique W M Jaspers
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Gleeson
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre and School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Kirk N, Hirsch E, Alam T, Wakschlag LS, Wiggins JL, Roy AK. A pragmatic, clinically optimized approach to characterizing adolescent irritability: Validation of parent- and adolescent reports on the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales-Temper Loss Scale. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1986. [PMID: 37702276 PMCID: PMC10654814 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heightened irritability in adolescence is an impairing symptom that can lead to negative outcomes in adulthood, but effective screening tools are lacking. This study aimed to derive clinically-optimized cutoff scores using the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales-Temper Loss (MAPS-TL) to pragmatically identify adolescents with impairing irritability. METHODS A diverse sample of 79 adolescents and their parents completed the MAPS-TL-Youth version. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to determine the items associated with impairment, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to derive optimal cutoff scores. RESULTS Three parent-report items (become frustrated easily, angry/irritable/grouchy throughout the day, difficulty calming down when angry) and two youth-report items (hit/shove/kick when lost temper, difficulty calming down when angry) were strongly associated with impairment. Optimal cutoff scores garnered very good sensitivity (91%, 73%) and specificity (77%, 75%) for the parent- and youth-report versions respectively. Scores above these cutoffs were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems and lower overall quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The MAPS-TL clinically optimized irritability scores show preliminary validity for implementation in practical settings to efficiently identify adolescents who need additional evaluation and/or intervention. Further research is important to validate these cutoff scores with larger population-based samples and real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kirk
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- San Diego State University Research FoundationSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emily Hirsch
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Tasmia Alam
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jillian Lee Wiggins
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amy K. Roy
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityBronxNew YorkUSA
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Lebeer S, Ahannach S, Gehrmann T, Wittouck S, Eilers T, Oerlemans E, Condori S, Dillen J, Spacova I, Vander Donck L, Masquillier C, Allonsius CN, Bron PA, Van Beeck W, De Backer C, Donders G, Verhoeven V. A citizen-science-enabled catalogue of the vaginal microbiome and associated factors. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2183-2195. [PMID: 37884815 PMCID: PMC10627828 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition and function of the vaginal microbiome is crucial for reproductive and overall health. Here we established the Isala citizen-science project to analyse the vaginal microbiomes of 3,345 women in Belgium (18-98 years) through self-sampling, 16S amplicon sequencing and extensive questionnaires. The overall vaginal microbiome composition was strongly tied to age, childbirth and menstrual cycle phase. Lactobacillus species dominated 78% of the vaginal samples. Specific bacterial taxa also showed to co-occur in modules based on network correlation analysis. Notably, the module containing Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii and Limosilactobacillus taxa was positively linked to oestrogen levels and contraceptive use and negatively linked to childbirth and breastfeeding. Other modules, named after abundant taxa (Gardnerella, Prevotella and Bacteroides), correlated with multiple partners, menopause, menstrual hygiene and contraceptive use. With this resource-rich vaginal microbiome map and associated health, life-course, lifestyle and dietary factors, we provide unique data and insights for follow-up clinical and mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Ahannach
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thies Gehrmann
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Eilers
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Oerlemans
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Condori
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jelle Dillen
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonore Vander Donck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caroline Masquillier
- Department of Sociology, Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camille Nina Allonsius
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter A Bron
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wannes Van Beeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Donders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Regional Hospital Heilig Hart, Tienen, Belgium
- Femicare Clinical Research for Women, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Veronique Verhoeven
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hirsch E, Alam T, Kirk N, Bevans KB, Briggs‐Gowan M, Wakschlag LS, Wiggins JL, Roy AK. Developmentally specified characterization of the irritability spectrum at early school age: Implications for pragmatic mental health screening. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1985. [PMID: 37712753 PMCID: PMC10654842 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developmentally specified measures that identify clinically salient irritability are needed for early school-age youth to meaningfully capture this transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. Thus, the current study modeled the normal:abnormal irritability spectrum and generated a clinically optimized screening tool for this population. METHODS The irritability spectrum was modeled via the youth version of the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales-Temper Loss Scale (MAPS-TL-Youth) in children (n = 474; 6.0-8.9 years) using item response theory (IRT). Both cross-cutting core irritability items from the early childhood version and new developmentally specific items were included. Items uniquely associated with impairment were identified and used to derive a brief, clinically optimized irritability screener. Longitudinal data were then utilized to test the predictive utility of this clinically optimized screener in preadolescence (n = 348; 8.0-12.9 years). RESULTS Most children exhibit irritability regularly, but daily occurrence was rare. Of the top 10 most severe items from the IRT analyses, 9 were from the developmentally specific items added for the MAPS-TL Youth version. Two items associated with concurrent impairment were identified for the clinically optimized irritability screener ("Become frustrated easily" and "Act irritable"). The MAPS-TL-Youth clinically optimized screener demonstrated good sensitivity (69%) and specificity (84%) in relation to concurrent DSM 5 irritability-related diagnoses. Youth with elevated scores on the screener at early school age (ESA) had more than 7x greater odds of irritability-related psychopathology at pre-adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The MAPS-TL-Youth characterized the developmental spectrum of irritability at ESA and a clinically optimized screener showed promise at predicting psychopathology risk. Rigorous testing of clinical applications is a critical next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hirsch
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Tasmia Alam
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nathan Kirk
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Margaret Briggs‐Gowan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jillian L. Wiggins
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- SDSU/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amy K. Roy
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityBronxNew YorkUSA
- NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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10
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Vicario-Molina I, Ortega EG, González RP, Picos AP. Factors predicting mental health in youth during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:317. [PMID: 37803388 PMCID: PMC10559502 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first COVID-19 lockdown decreed in Spain by the government resulted in a significant disruption in the daily lives of youth that may have affected their mental health. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influenced youth mental health during this period. METHODS Between March and May 2020, a sample of 1205 youths (age range 18-24 years) from across Spain completed a questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic, mental health, loneliness, coping with humour and healthy habits. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. RESULTS The proposed model showed good fit values, and significant variables explained 37% of mental health. loneliness, coping humour, healthy and unhealthy habits, and gender significantly predicted youth mental health. CONCLUSIONS The consequences of the pandemic and confinement derived from COVID-19 seemed to be especially severe for youth, increasing their mental health vulnerability. It is recommended that evaluating the long-term effects of confinement on this population, the mental health needs they may have and the support resources that would help meet them in situations of isolation, paying special attention to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vicario-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced s/n, Salamanca, 37005, Spain.
| | - Eva González Ortega
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced s/n, Salamanca, 37005, Spain
| | - Ruth Pinedo González
- Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad, 1, Segovia, 400005, Spain
| | - Andrés Palacios Picos
- Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad, 1, Segovia, 400005, Spain
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Dorton MC, Kramer JK, de Groot S, Post MWM, Claydon VE. Relationships between cardiovascular disease risk, neuropathic pain, mental health, and autonomic function in chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:548-555. [PMID: 37749189 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-023-00933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Multicentre, cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES To determine if clinical measures of poor mental health (MH-) and neuropathic pain (NP) are related to increased CVD risk in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), and further elucidate the relationships between CVD risk, autonomic function, NP, and MH-. SETTING Eight SCI rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands. METHODS Individuals (n = 257) with a traumatic, chronic (≥10 yrs) SCI, with age at injury between 18-35 years, completed a self-report questionnaire and a one-day visit to a rehabilitation centre for testing. CVD risk was calculated using Framingham risk score. NP was inferred using The Douleur Neuropathique 4 clinical examination, and MH- was assessed using the five-item Mental Health Inventory questionnaire. Cardiovascular autonomic function was determined from peak heart rate during maximal exercise (HRpeak). RESULTS There was a high prevalence of both NP (39%) and MH- (45%) following SCI. MH- was significantly correlated with an adverse CVD risk profile (r = 0.174; p = 0.01), increased the odds of adverse 30-year CVD risk by 2.2 (CI 0.92-2.81, p = 0.02), and is an important variable in determining CVD risk (importance=0.74, p = 0.05). Females (p = 0.05) and those with a higher HRpeak (p = 0.046) tended to be more likely to have NP. CONCLUSIONS Clinical measures of MH-, but not NP, are important factors for increased CVD risk following SCI. NP tended to be more prevalent in those with more preserved cardiovascular autonomic function. The interrelationships between secondary consequences of SCI are complex and need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Dorton
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair and Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John K Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair and Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel W M Post
- Center of Excellence in Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration on Repair and Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Saga S, Stafne SN, Dons V, Bratlie I, Spetalen S, Hagemann CT. Amsterdam complex pelvic pain symptom scale with subscales: Based on a Norwegian translation, psychometric assessment and modification of the Amsterdam hyperactive pelvic floor scale. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:1409-1423. [PMID: 37675780 PMCID: PMC10540920 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with an abnormally high pelvic floor muscle tone may have a clinical presentation that is complex, involving urinary, anorectal and/or sexual dysfunction, genital/pelvic pain and psychological distress. The Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale (AHPFS) is a Dutch 30-item condition-specific self-report questionnaire developed to measure these complex pelvic pain symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate the Dutch version into Norwegian, to assess the psychometric properties, and to present a valid factor structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Translation, back-translation and a review of the back-translated version were performed. Thereafter, a pilot test including feedback from six clinical experts and cognitive interviews with 11 patients from the target group was conducted. Next, a field test was performed among women who were (1) patients at the gynecological outpatient clinic/pelvic floor physiotherapist at St. Olav's Hospital, (2) members of the Vulvodynia or the Endometriosis Patient Associations or (3) female students and employees from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, in a web-based survey. To ensure a sample with symptomatic women, only women who scored ≥11 according to the Dutch prespecified factor structure were included in the statistical analyses (n = 232). RESULTS Content/face validity demonstrated that the questionnaire was perceived as relevant, comprehensive and understandable. Some adjustments in the instructions of the questionnaire and the response categories were made, which lead to the Norwegian translation ACPPS-30. Assessment of the questionnaire's dimensionality revealed a five-factor structure similar to the original Dutch Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale (AHPFS) but without the Urinary tract infection factor and seven other items. The translated and modified ACPPS-16 total score and subscales correlated as expected with scales measuring similar conditions. Test-retest reliability demonstrated good stability for scales (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.85-0.93) and single items (weighted kappa values from 0.34 to 0.90). CONCLUSIONS A modified Norwegian version ACPPS-30 was presented, in addition to a shorter version with only 16 of the translated items distributed among five factors similar to the original Dutch version (ACPPS-16). Both versions proved to be valid, stable and reliable tools to investigate complex pelvic pain symptoms possibly due to an abnormally high-toned pelvic floor muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Saga
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Vilde Dons
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Ingvild Bratlie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Siri Spetalen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Cecilie Therese Hagemann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences NTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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Kalkbrenner MT, Gainza Perez MA, Hubbard JS. Measurement Invariance of Scores on the Somatic Symptom Scale-8: National Sample of Non-Clinical Adults in the United States. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2023; 57:263-275. [PMID: 38912298 PMCID: PMC11189620 DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2023.2243269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to test the factorial invariance and convergent validity evidence of scores on the Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS)-8 with a national sample of adults living in the United States. Method A data collection contracting service was hired to recruit a national, non-clinical sample (N = 821) of adults in the United States stratified by the census data for age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic location. Results Factorial invariance testing via multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed strong factorial invariance evidence (configural, metric, and scalar) of SSS-8 scores across gender, ethnicity, help-seeking history, education, and income. Convergent validity testing displayed strong correlations between SSS-8 scores and the following established measures: Patient Health Questinaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Mental Health Inventory-5. Conclusion Collectively, the results suggest that professional counselors can use the SSS-8 to enhance somatic symptomology screening efforts with adults living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - JoAnna S Hubbard
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University
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14
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Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Vidal-Arenas V, Falcó R, Moreno-Amador B, Marzo JC, Piqueras JA. Assessing Emotional Distress in Adolescents: Psychometrics of the Spanish Version of the Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37360761 PMCID: PMC10239276 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-023-09758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary (SEDS-S) is a short measure designed for comprehensive school-based mental health screening, particularly for using very brief self-reported measures of well-being and distress. Whereas prior studies have shown validity and reliability evidence for the English version, there is a lack of literature about its psychometric properties for Spanish-speaking youths. Objective To examine the psychometric properties of the SEDS-S in a large sample of Spanish adolescents, providing evidence of its reliability, structure, convergent and discriminant validity, longitudinal and gender measurement invariance, and normative data. Methods Participants were 5550 adolescents aged 12-18 years old. Test-retest reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, and evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was measured using Pearson's correlation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine structure validity, while multigroup and longitudinal measurement invariance analysis was conducted for longitudinal and gender latent structure stability. Results The CFA supported a unidimensional latent structure, which was also observed to be invariant between gender groups and over time. The scale showed evidence of reliability, with coefficients above .85. In addition, the SEDS-S score was positively related to measures assessing distress and negatively related to measures assessing well-being, thereby providing convergent/discriminant validity of the total scores. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the SEDS-S for assessing emotional distress among adolescents, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Furthermore, findings indicated that SEDS-S could be a suitable assessment tool for screening and program evaluation purposes at different contexts beyond the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Vidal-Arenas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Raquel Falcó
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno-Amador
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan C. Marzo
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A. Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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15
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González Ortega E, Pinedo González R, Vicario-Molina I, Palacios Picos A, Orgaz Baz MB. Loneliness and associated factors among older adults during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 86:101547. [PMID: 37153355 PMCID: PMC10126222 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering the health outcomes of loneliness, it is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for older adults to facilitate detection and intervention. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness among Spanish older adults during the first wave lockdown and associated factors, in comparison to younger adults. An online survey was completed by 3508 adults (401 aged 60 or above). Older adults felt higher social loneliness than younger adults, but lower emotional loneliness. Living alone, poor mental health, and poor healthy habits were related to higher loneliness for both age groups. The results suggest that loneliness should be an important factor in primary care, and prevention efforts should be taken, e.g., by generating open and safe community spaces and contexts for social interaction and promoting the access and ability to use technologies that maintain social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González Ortega
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
| | - Ruth Pinedo González
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad 1, Segovia 40005, Spain
| | - Isabel Vicario-Molina
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
| | - Andrés Palacios Picos
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Valladolid, Plaza de la Universidad 1, Segovia 40005, Spain
| | - Mª Begoña Orgaz Baz
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida de la Merced S/N, Salamanca 37005, Spain
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16
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Ball J, Zhang J, Stanley J, Boden J, Waa A, Hammond D, Edwards R. Early-onset smoking and vaping of cannabis: Prevalence, correlates and trends in New Zealand 14-15-year-olds. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:592-603. [PMID: 36645714 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Initiating cannabis use at an early age elevates risk of harm. Cannabis vaping is an emerging issue, and it is unknown whether the patterning and correlates of early-onset cannabis vaping differ from those of cannabis smoking. METHODS We used repeat cross-sectional data from a nationally representative biennial survey (2012-2018) of students aged 14-15 years in New Zealand (N = 11,405), response rate 65% (2012), 64% (2014-2016) and 59% (2018). RESULTS Between 2012 and 2018 lifetime cannabis use decreased, but regular use (past month, weekly, daily) was stable. Prevalence of past month, weekly and daily use in 2016-2018 (pooled) was 8.6%, 3.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Cannabis vaping was reported by 24% of past month cannabis users. The demographic profile of early-onset cannabis smokers and vapers was similar, with elevated use of both modes among Māori (Indigenous), same- or both-sex attracted students and those in low decile (high-deprivation) schools. Correlates were similar for both modes. Cannabis use was strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The next strongest associations (after adjustment) were exposure to second-hand smoke at home, student income >$50/week and low parental monitoring of whereabouts. Past week social media use, psychological distress and low parental monitoring of spending were also associated with both modes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Early-onset cannabis use is much higher in structurally disadvantaged groups, and among those who use tobacco and alcohol. Comprehensive multisubstance approaches to prevention are indicated in this age group. Efforts to reduce socio-economic inequity and exposure to other risk factors may reduce cannabis-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Ball
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Waa
- Eru Pōmare Māori Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Kalkbrenner MT, Carlisle KL. Structural Pathways Between Social Support and Mental Health Among STEM Students: Implications for College Student Psychotherapy. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2023.2183164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kalkbrenner
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA
| | - Kristy L. Carlisle
- Department of Counseling and Human Services, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA
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18
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Gohal G, Alqassim A, Eltyeb E, Rayyani A, Hakami B, Al Faqih A, Hakami A, Qadri A, Mahfouz M. Prevalence and related risks of cyberbullying and its effects on adolescent. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 36641459 PMCID: PMC9840538 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying is becoming common in inflicting harm on others, especially among adolescents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of cyberbullying, determine the risk factors, and assess the association between cyberbullying and the psychological status of adolescents facing this problem in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 355 students, aged between 12-18 years, through a validated online questionnaire to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of cyberbullying and assess psychological effects based on cyberbullying questionnaire and Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) questions. RESULTS The participants in this study numbered 355; 68% of participants were females compared to 32% were males. Approximately 20% of the participants spend more than 12 h daily on the Internet, and the estimated overall prevalence of cyberbullying was 42.8%, with the male prevalence slightly higher than females. In addition, 26.3% of the participants were significantly affected in their academic Performance due to cyberbullying. Approximately 20% of all participants considered leaving their schools, 19.7% considered ceasing their Internet use, and 21.1% considered harming themselves due to the consequences of cyberbullying. There are essential links between the frequency of harassment, the effect on academic Performance, and being a cyber victim. CONCLUSIONS Cyberbullying showed a high prevalence among adolescents in the Jazan region with significant associated psychological effects. There is an urgency for collaboration between the authorities and the community to protect adolescents from this harmful occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gassem Gohal
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alqassim
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ebtihal Eltyeb
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rayyani
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Hakami
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Faqih
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hakami
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almuhannad Qadri
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mahfouz
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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van Doorn M, Monsanto A, Boeschoten CM, van Amelsvoort T, Popma A, Öry FG, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gleeson J, Jaspers MWM, Nieman DH. Moderated digital social therapy for young people with emerging mental health problems: A user-centered mixed-method design and usability study. Front Digit Health 2023; 4:1020753. [PMID: 36698649 PMCID: PMC9869113 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.1020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over 25% of Dutch young people are psychologically unhealthy. Individual and societal consequences that follow from having mental health complaints at this age are substantial. Young people need care which is often unavailable. ENgage YOung people earlY (ENYOY) is a moderated digital social therapy-platform that aims to help youngsters with emerging mental health complaints. Comprehensive research is being conducted into the effects and to optimize and implement the ENYOY-platform throughout the Netherlands. The aim of this study is to explore the usability and user experience of the ENYOY-platform. Methods A user-centered mixed-method design was chosen. 26 young people aged 16-25 with emerging mental health complaints participated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore usability, user-friendliness, impact, accessibility, inclusivity, and connection (Phase 1). Phase 2 assessed usability problems using the concurrent and retrospective Think Aloud-method. User experience and perceived helpfulness were assessed using a 10-point rating scale and semi-structured interviews (Phase 3). The Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES; Phase 1) and System Usability Scale (SUS; Phase 2 and 3) were administered. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Task completion rate and time were tracked and usability problems were categorized using the Nielsen's rating scale (Phase 2). Results Adequate to high usability was found (Phase 1 Health-ITUES 4.0(0.34); Phase 2 SUS 69,5(13,70); Phase 3 SUS 71,6(5,63)). Findings from Phase 1 (N = 10) indicated that users viewed ENYOY as a user-friendly, safe, accessible, and inclusive initiative which helped them reduce their mental health complaints and improve quality of life. Phase 2 (N = 10) uncovered 18 usability problems of which 5 of major severity (e.g. troubles accessing the platform). Findings from Phase 3 (N = 6) suggested that users perceived the coaching calls the most helpful [9(0.71)] followed by the therapy content [6.25(1.41)]. Users liked the social networking aspect but rated it least helpful [6(2.1)] due to inactivity. Conclusion The ENYOY-platform has been found to have adequate to high usability and positive user experiences were reported. All findings will be transferred to the developmental team to improve the platform. Other evaluation methods and paring these with quantitative outcomes could provide additional insight in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilon van Doorn
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands,Correspondence: M. van Doorn
| | - Anne Monsanto
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cato M. Boeschoten
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre and School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique W. M. Jaspers
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorien H. Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Nguyen TTP, Nguyen TT, Dam VTA, Vu TTM, Do HT, Vu GT, Tran AQ, Latkin CA, Hall BJ, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Mental wellbeing among urban young adults in a developing country: A Latent Profile Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:834957. [PMID: 36118453 PMCID: PMC9480491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.834957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore the mental wellbeing profiles and their related factors among urban young adults in Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam. There were 356 Vietnamese who completed the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) questionnaire. The Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify the subgroups of mental wellbeing through five items of the MHI-5 scale as the continuous variable. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors related to subgroups. Results Three classes represented three levels of MHI-5 score, which included “Poor mental health,” “Fair mental health,” and “Good mental health,” were, respectively, 14.3, 46.6, and 39.0%. Compared to a low household economy, participants with an average household economy had 2.11 and 4.79 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class relative to fair and poor mental health classes. Respondents with more than two acute symptoms had 3.85 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class relative to a poor mental health class, as compared to those without acute symptoms. Regarding the measurement of the Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), people having support from their family had 1.80 and 2.23 times higher odds of being in classes of fair and good mental health relative to the poor mental health class; and participants having friend support also had 1.87 times higher odds of being in a good mental health class compared with the fair mental health class, as the MSPSS score increased by 1 unit. People with Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale increased by 1 score, those who had 1.17, 1.26, and 1.47 times higher odds of being in a good compared to fair mental health class, fair compared to poor mental health class, and good compared to poor mental health class, respectively. Conclusion Our findings were given to promote a new classification method for mental health screening among the general population. The current findings could be used as evidence to develop policies and plans that focus on encouraging early screening for mental health problems among the general young population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen,
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Vu Trong Anh Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoa Thi Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Quynh Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Savolainen I, Vuorinen I, Sirola A, Oksanen A. Gambling and gaming during COVID-19: The role of mental health and social motives in gambling and gaming problems. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 117:152331. [PMID: 35772368 PMCID: PMC9188486 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uncertain and stressful global situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause anxiety and impact people's mental health. Simultaneously, social distancing policies have isolated people from their normal social interactions. These societal changes have inevitably influenced gambling and gaming practices, and many people may have turned to betting or gaming as a means of social exchange. This study examined the influence of COVID-19 anxiety on increased mental health problems and their relationship to gambling and gaming problems. The mediating role of social motives for gambling and gaming was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Finnish adults (N = 1530; Mage = 46.67; 50.33% male) were recruited from a volunteer participant panel to participate in a survey study. COVID-19 anxiety was assessed using a scale adapted from the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mental health problems were evaluated with the five-item Mental Health Inventory. Gambling problems were measured using the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and gaming problems were measured with the Internet Gaming Disorder Test. Social motives for gaming were evaluated using a single-item measure. Analyses used generalised structural equation modelling. RESULTS COVID-19 anxiety predicted increased mental health problems, which were associated with heightened gambling and gaming problems. Social motives for gambling and gaming were a significant mediator, suggesting that gambling and gaming problems are emphasized markedly among those who are socially motivated by and involved in such games. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems experienced during the pandemic and the social properties of games might accentuate gambling and gaming problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Savolainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Vuorinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Sirola
- Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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22
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Janah A, Haddy N, Demoor-Goldschmidt C, Bougas N, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Lacour B, Souchard V, Jackson A, Casagranda L, Berger C, Allodji R, El Fayech C, Fresneau B, De Vathaire F, Dumas A. The Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adults Treated for Childhood Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4104-4116. [PMID: 35735436 PMCID: PMC9221954 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Compared with the general population, childhood cancer survivors (CCS) could be at greater risk of psychological distress following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This cross-sectional study assessed the psychological consequences of COVID-19 on the mental health of CCS. Design and participants: In December 2020, we interviewed through an online self-report questionnaire, 580 5-year CCS participating in the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (FCCSS) cohort. Methods: We first compared the mental health score of CCS with that observed in the French general population of the same age and gender. Subsequently, we studied predictors of the mental health score of CCS. Results: External comparisons revealed that the mental health score of CCS was similar to that of the general population. Among CCS, almost 42% stated that their psychological state had been worse during the lockdown. Predictors of poorer mental health included, among others, female gender, reporting a change in the occupational situation, having a relative who had been hospitalized or had died following COVID-19, and a greater perceived infection risk. Interpretation and Implications: Given the pre-existing vulnerability of some CCS to mental distress, the additional psychological consequences of COVID-19 in vulnerable survivors should receive attention from health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Janah
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, ECEVE, F-75010 Paris, France; (A.J.); (N.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Nadia Haddy
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- CHU Angers, Paediatric Oncology Department, F-49100 Angers, France
- François Baclesse Centre, Radiotherapy Department, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Bougas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, ECEVE, F-75010 Paris, France; (A.J.); (N.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (J.C.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
- National Registry of Childhood Cancer, Paul Brousse Hospital (AP-HP), F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Regional University Hospital Centre of Nancy (CHRU Nancy), F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Claire Poulalhon
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (J.C.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
- National Registry of Childhood Cancer, Paul Brousse Hospital (AP-HP), F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Regional University Hospital Centre of Nancy (CHRU Nancy), F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Brigitte Lacour
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (J.C.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
- National Registry of Childhood Cancer, Paul Brousse Hospital (AP-HP), F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Regional University Hospital Centre of Nancy (CHRU Nancy), F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Souchard
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Jackson
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Leonie Casagranda
- CHU St Etienne, Paediatric Oncology Department, F-42055 St Etienne, France; (L.C.); (C.B.)
- University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Claire Berger
- CHU St Etienne, Paediatric Oncology Department, F-42055 St Etienne, France; (L.C.); (C.B.)
- University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Rodrigue Allodji
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Chiraz El Fayech
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Florent De Vathaire
- University of Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (N.H.); (C.D.-G.); (V.S.); (A.J.); (R.A.)
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Clinical Research, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (C.E.F.); (B.F.)
- INSERM U 1018, CESP, Radiation Epidemiology Team, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnes Dumas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, ECEVE, F-75010 Paris, France; (A.J.); (N.B.); (A.D.)
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23
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Lee B, Levy DE, Macy JT, Elam KK, Bidulescu A, Seo DC. Smoking trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood as a longitudinal predictor of mental health in adulthood: evidence from 21 years of a nationally representative cohort. Addiction 2022; 117:1727-1736. [PMID: 34817100 DOI: 10.1111/add.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the prospective relationship between smoking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health in later adulthood and test whether this relationship was mediated by concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana. DESIGN Longitudinal study using data drawn from rounds 1 to 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative cohort study spanning 21 years. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS The analytical sample included those who completed survey items about smoking behaviors on at least half the data collection opportunities in adolescence and young adulthood (n = 8570, 48.9% female, 66.2% white). MEASUREMENTS Mental health in adulthood was measured using the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5; range = 0-100) at round 18. Seven trajectories of smoking from adolescence to young adulthood were identified by group-based multi-trajectory modeling, using data over 11 years from rounds 1 to 11. FINDINGS Late-onset moderate smokers [β = -1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.61 to -0.29], late-onset accelerated smokers (β = -2.53, 95% CI = -4.28 to -0.78), early-onset heavy smokers (β = -3.72, 95% CI = -5.59 to -1.85) and early-onset moderate smokers (β = -2.66, 95% CI = -4.48 to -0.84) showed poorer regression-adjusted mean MHI-5 scores in later adulthood than stable abstainers, even after controlling for baseline mental health and covariates. Whether or not a difference in MHI-5 scores was present between quitters and stable abstainers was inconclusive. The concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana in young adulthood significantly mediated the relationship between smoking trajectory and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Continued smoking, especially early-onset and heavy smoking from adolescence to young adulthood, appears to increase the risk of poor mental health later in mid-adulthood, and quitting smoking in young adulthood may mitigate such risk even among early-onset smokers. Mediation analyses underscore the role of using multiple substances in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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24
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Vilca LW, Chávez BV, Fernández YS, Caycho-Rodríguez T. Spanish Version of the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5 (R-MHI-5): New Psychometric Evidence from the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and the Item Response Theory Perspective (IRT). TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8504561 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The study’s objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised version of the MHI-5, for which a sample of 1002 university students of both sexes (41.4% men and 58.6% women) between the ages of 17 to 35 years (M = 21.4; SD = 3.4) was collected. Along with the R-MHI-5, other instruments were applied to measure anxiety and depression. Regarding the results, it was evidenced that the model with two related factors presents better fit indices (CFI = .99; TLI = .99; RMSEA = .071) compared to a one-dimensional model (CFI = .74; TLI = .48; RMSEA = .422). Also, it was found that the factorial structure of the MHI-5 did not show evidence of being strictly invariant for the group of men and women. However, it did show evidence of partial invariance for the group of adolescents and adults. Furthermore, the latent relationships model showed that psychological well-being is negatively related to anxiety (− .25) and depression (− .37), and psychological distress is positively related to anxiety (.85) and depression (.87). From the IRT perspective, all items present adequate discrimination indices, with item 4 being the most accurate item to assess psychological well-being. Regarding psychological distress, items 3 and 5 are the most accurate to assess this dimension. It is concluded that the scale that the R-MHI-5 is an instrument with robust psychometric evidence from the perspective of CTT and IRT.
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25
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Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Raitanen J, Vasankari T, Kyröläinen H, Häkkinen A, Honkanen T, Vaara JP. Relationship Between Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Mental Health in Young Finnish Men. Front Public Health 2022; 10:820852. [PMID: 35252097 PMCID: PMC8894611 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.820852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle behaviors including physical activity (PA) have been recognized to contribute positively to mental health. Most of the evidence on relationship between PA and mental health relies on self-reported PA results. Device-based measures on PA or sedentary behavior (SB) are less frequently used in mental health research. The present study aimed at examining the relationship between mental health and PA/SB measured by accelerometers in young Finnish men. The sample consisted of 409 men (mean age 28 ± 7 years), who participated in the military refresher training in Finland. Self-rated mental health was measured with Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) measuring mental health both from the perspective of mental health problems and mental well-being. PA was measured with accelerometer from the perspective of light, moderate, vigorous, and total activity, as well as SB. Linear regression models and compositional analysis were applied. Age, education, marital status, employment status, BMI, alcohol use and smoking were used as covariates. Evidence on relationship between total PA (standardized regression coefficient 0.340; 95% CI 0.022–0.657, p = 0.036) and SB (standardized regression coefficient −0.340; 95% CI −0.657 to −0.022, p = 0.036) with symptoms of mental health problems was found after adjusting for age, education, marital and employment status. The relationship was marginally significant (p = 0.056) after adjusting also for BMI, alcohol use and smoking. No evidence on relationship between PA or SB and mental well-being was found, neither in standard linear regression analysis nor in compositional approach. In our sample of young adult men, PA seemed to have a stronger relationship with symptoms of mental health problems rather than with mental well-being. The findings lead to a conclusion that all PA per se may not be independently associated with mental well-being in young adult males and raise the question whether the domain of PA and its context play a critical role in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Appelqvist-Schmidlechner
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Unit, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Kaija Appelqvist-Schmidlechner
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Häkkinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jani P. Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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van Duin D, de Winter L, Kroon H, Veling W, van Weeghel J. Effects of IPS plus cognitive remediation in early psychosis: 18-month functioning outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:115-122. [PMID: 34482187 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a first episode of psychosis, cognitive impairments present an important barrier to successful (re-)entry into work and education. We assessed whether cognitive remediation (CR) as an add-on to Individual Placement and Support (IPS) can improve participation in regular employment and education. METHOD Participants with early psychosis (N = 73) were randomly assigned to receive IPS supplemented with computerized CR, or IPS plus an active control intervention (computer games). The primary outcome was the number of hours spent in competitive employment or regular education, which was assessed every month during the 18-month study period. Secondary outcomes included employment rate, cognitive functioning, mental health (assessed at baseline, 6 and 18 months), and job duration (assessed after 18 months). Both patients and assessors were blind to treatment. RESULTS Participants receiving IPS + CR showed greater improvement of competitive employment over time in terms of hours worked (during follow-up period: 38.5 vs. 19.6 h, B = 2.94; Wald χ2 = 5.39; P = .02) and employment rate (at T2: 62.1% vs. 25.9%, χ 2 = 7.39; df = 1; P = .008), compared with the IPS + control group, particularly in the longer term. The number of hours spent in regular education was lower in the IPS + CR group, with more participants having ended education for a positive reason. There was a significant beneficial effect of adjunctive CR for executive functioning, subjective cognitive functioning, and empowerment. CONCLUSIONS Augmenting IPS with CR has a significant impact on competitive employment in people with early psychosis, with beneficial effects being more pronounced after 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle van Duin
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Hans Kroon
- Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Veling
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Phrenos Center of Expertise, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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27
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Pinedo R, Vicario-Molina I, González Ortega E, Palacios Picos A. Factors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain. Front Psychol 2021; 12:715792. [PMID: 34504464 PMCID: PMC8422965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease has forced governments to adopt exceptional measures. The lockdown decreed in Spain in 2020 required citizens to stay confined at home, which might have affected their mental health. The objective is to identify factors that influenced adults' mental health during this period. A sample of 3,508 adults from the Spanish general population completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic data and information about daily planning and activities, healthy habits, loneliness, coping humor and mental health. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. According to the results, the proposed model showed good fit values, and latent variables explained 30% of the variance in mental health. Loneliness, coping humor, healthy habits, age and gender had a significant weight in the prediction of mental health during lockdown. Area of residence, number of days of confinement and number of people in the household were not related to mental health. This study addresses the effect of COVID-19 and social distancing measures by identifying risk and protective factors for the development of mental health difficulties. There is a need to target specific and early interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic while increasing well-being, especially in more vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pinedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
| | - Isabel Vicario-Molina
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva González Ortega
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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28
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Vilca LW, García CH, Rojas-Jara C, White M, Peña-Calero BN. Predictors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults: the role of socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 anxiety. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:453-465. [PMID: 34157907 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1944655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables explained 23.8% of the variance of the COVID-19 Anxiety (R2 = .238). Socio-demographic variables explained 50.5% of psychological well-being variance, 52% of anxiety and 46.9% of depression. Also, sex, work; being diagnosed with COVID-19; family member with COVID-19 diagnosis; and time of exposure to COVID-19 information had statistically significant effects psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. In conclusion, some sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 anxiety affect the psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The findings may allow for a better understanding of the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide government responses to detect, anticipate and minimize its impact on the mental health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Cirilo H García
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian Norman Peña-Calero
- Grupo de Estudios Avances en Medición Psicológica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Mental Well-being and General Health in Adolescents with Asthma: The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy Birth Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2021; 233:198-205.e2. [PMID: 33548259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether adolescents with asthma experience a lower mental well-being and lower general health than their peers without asthma. STUDY DESIGN Data from the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy study were used. At the ages of 11, 14, 17, and 20 years, 2651, 2522, 2094, and 2206 participants, respectively, completed questionnaires. Their parents completed questionnaires at the ages of 11 (n = 2660), 14 (n = 2338), and 17 years (n = 1872). Asthma was defined according to the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy criteria. Mental well-being was measured using the Mental Health Index-5 and was reported by the adolescents. General health, measured on a 4-point Likert scale, was reported by the adolescents and their parents. We estimated associations of asthma with mental well-being and perceived general health using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS At ages 11, 14, 17, and 20 years, 6.7%, 6.9%, 5.0%, and 6.6%, respectively, of the adolescents had asthma. Adolescents with asthma did not score differently on the Mental Health Index than their peers without asthma. Adolescents with asthma were less likely to experience good or excellent health than their peers without asthma (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.26-0.51 for intermittent asthma and 0.33; 95% CI, 0.25-0.41 for persistent asthma). These results remain similar across the different ages. CONCLUSIONS The mental well-being of adolescents with asthma is similar to that of their peers without asthma, although adolescents with asthma are less likely to perceive a good or excellent general health.
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30
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Stafford AM, Tsumura H, Pan W. Race/Ethnicity, Parental Support, and Youth Depressive Symptoms: A Moderated Longitudinal Mediation Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1319-1332. [PMID: 34002338 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in depression exist among youth in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if parental support trajectories in adolescence explain the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptom trajectories in adulthood. A two-step longitudinal parallel process analysis with multigroup structural equation modeling was conducted with a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 5300; 48.5% female; M = 13.33 (Range:12-15) years at baseline). While parental support trajectories did not mediate the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms, parental support trajectories were related to depressive symptom trajectories in adulthood. Immigrant generation status also moderated the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptom trajectories. The results demonstrate the impact of parental support on later mental health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideyo Tsumura
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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The CARESSES Randomised Controlled Trial: Exploring the Health-Related Impact of Culturally Competent Artificial Intelligence Embedded Into Socially Assistive Robots and Tested in Older Adult Care Homes. Int J Soc Robot 2021; 14:245-256. [PMID: 33907589 PMCID: PMC8062829 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-021-00781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This trial represents the final stage of the CARESSES project which aimed to develop and evaluate a culturally competent artificial intelligent system embedded into social robots to support older adult wellbeing. A parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted across older adult care homes in England and Japan. Participants randomly allocated to the Experimental Group or Control Group 1 received a Pepper robot for up 18 h across 2 weeks. Two versions of the CARESSES artificial intelligence were tested: a fully culturally competent system (Experimental Group) and a more limited version (Control Group 1). Control Group 2 (Care As Usual) participants did not receive a robot. Quantitative outcomes of interest reported in the current paper were health-related quality of life (SF-36), loneliness (ULS-8), and perceptions of robotic cultural competence (CCATool-Robotics). Thirty-three residents completed all procedures. The difference in SF-36 Emotional Wellbeing scores between Experimental Group and Care As Usual participants over time was significant (F[1] = 6.614, sig = .019, ηp2 = .258), as was the comparison between Any Robot used and Care As Usual (F[1] = 5.128, sig = .031, ηp2 = .146). There were no significant changes in SF-36 physical health subscales. ULS-8 loneliness scores slightly improved among Experimental and Control Group 1 participants compared to Care As Usual participants, but this was not significant. This study brings new evidence which cautiously supports the value of culturally competent socially assistive robots in improving the psychological wellbeing of older adults residing in care settings.
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Barboza-Palomino M, Carbajal-León C, Heredia-Mongrut J, Gallegos M, Vilca LW, de Castro Pecanha V. The Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of the Peruvian Police and Armed Forces. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/10839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Piqueras JA, Garcia-Olcina M, Rivera-Riquelme M, Martinez-Gonzalez AE, Cuijpers P. DetectaWeb-Distress Scale: A Global and Multidimensional Web-Based Screener for Emotional Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627604. [PMID: 33658965 PMCID: PMC7917214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional disorder symptoms are highly prevalent and a common cause of disability among children and adolescents. Screening and early detection are needed to identify those who need help and to improve treatment outcomes. Nowadays, especially with the arrival of the COVID-19 outbreak, assessment is increasingly conducted online, resulting in the need for brief online screening measures. The aim of the current study was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of a new web-based screening questionnaire for emotional disorder symptoms, the DetectaWeb-Distress Scale, which assesses mood (major depression and dysthymic disorder), anxiety (separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, panic disorder/agoraphobia, and specific phobia), obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts), and global distress. A total of 1,499 participants (aged 8-18) completed the DetectaWeb-Distress Scale and specific questionnaires for emotional disorder symptoms, suicidal behaviors, and well-being through a web-based survey. Results indicated that a structural model of 10 correlated factors fits reasonably better in comparison to the remaining models; measurement invariance for age and gender; good internal consistency (McDonald's ω ranging from 0.65 to 0.94); and significant positive correlation with other measures of anxiety, depression, PTSD, or distress, and negative correlation with well-being measures, displaying support for convergent-discriminant validity. We also found that girls scored higher than boys on most of the subscales, and children had higher scores for social anxiety, specific phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, whereas adolescents scored higher on depressive symptoms, suicidality, and generalized anxiety, but the effect sizes were small to medium for all comparisons. The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a valid, innovative, and useful online tool for the screening and evaluation of preventive programs for mental health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Mariola Garcia-Olcina
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Maria Rivera-Riquelme
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Agustin E Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,The Netherlands & EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Habib RR, El-Haddad NW, Halwani DA, Elzein K, Hojeij S. Heat Stress-Related Symptoms among Bakery Workers in Lebanon: A National Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2021; 58:46958021990517. [PMID: 33583242 PMCID: PMC7890710 DOI: 10.1177/0046958021990517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat exposure is linked to a range of heat-related illnesses and injuries. This study assessed the association between workers’ perceptions of the work environment and reports of heat stress-related health symptoms in bakery workers in Lebanon. A national cross-sectional survey of workers was carried out in 504 bakeries in Lebanon. One worker in each bakery was interviewed using questions relating to the workplace environment and heat stress-related health symptoms. Heat and humidity measurements were recorded in bakeries. Descriptive analyses were performed, and logistic regression assessed relationships between the workplace environment, worker perceptions, and reports of heat stress-related health symptoms. In total, 47.2% of workers experienced heat stress-related symptoms, 83% perceived workplace temperatures as hot, and 48% perceived these temperatures as affecting their health. Humidex readings showed that 49% of bakeries had conditions unsafe for routine work tasks. Working under pressure (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.12-2.43), job dissatisfaction (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.12-2.79), and perceptions that high temperatures negatively affected health (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.87-3.99) were all significantly correlated to reports of heat stress-related symptoms. Females were more likely to experience heat stress-related symptoms (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.13-3.39). Workers who reported low levels of water consumption at work were also more likely to experience heat stress-related health symptoms. We conclude that heat exposure potentially impacts workers’ health in Lebanese bakeries. Improvements in workplace conditions, adequate infrastructure, and workers’ training are key interventions for maintaining workers’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima R Habib
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nataly W El-Haddad
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana A Halwani
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kareem Elzein
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safa Hojeij
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Molcho M, Gavin A, Goodwin D. Levels of Physical Activity and Mental Health in Adolescents in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1713. [PMID: 33578906 PMCID: PMC7916674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity for the physical health of individuals are well documented. Less is known about the benefits of physical activity for mental health. This paper explores the associations between physical activity and positive mental health and mental health problems. The paper utilises data collected from a representative sample of 10-17-year-old adolescents in Ireland. Physical activity in the study is measured using moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA). Mental health was measured using the Cantril Leader of Life Satisfaction, the WHO-5 index, Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL). Data were analysed using bivariate (Pearson Correlation, t-test, one-way ANOVA) and multivariate (two-way ANOVA, ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions) analyses. In total, 8636 adolescents were included in this analysis. Higher participation in physical activity was associated with higher scores on the positive mental health indicators and lower scores on the mental health problems indicators. When modelled together, VPA was a stronger predictor of mental health than MVPA, especially in girls. For example, standardised beta coefficients for predicting MHI-5 were -0.09 for MVPA (p < 0.001) and -0.13 for VPA (p < 0.001) To our knowledge, this is the first study that looks at levels of physical activity as well as both positive mental health and mental health problems. The study highlights the need to encourage and enable adolescents, and especially girls, to participate in vigorous exercising as way of promoting positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Molcho
- School of Education, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Aoife Gavin
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Devon Goodwin
- School of Education, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Vilca LW. Assessment of Fear of COVID-19 in Older Adults: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:1231-1245. [PMID: 33432265 PMCID: PMC7787591 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no information in Peru on the prevalence of mental health problems associated with COVID-19 in older adults. In this sense, the aim of the study was to gather evidence on the factor structure, criterion-related validity, and reliability of the Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in this population. The participants were 400 older adults (mean age = 68.04, SD = 6.41), who were administered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Revised Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 items, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 2 items. Structural equation models were estimated, specifically confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bifactor CFA, and structural models with latent variables (SEM). Internal consistency was estimated with composite reliability indexes (CRI) and omega coefficients. A bifactor model with both a general factor underlying all items plus a specific factor underlying items 1, 2, 4, and 5 representing the emotional response to COVID better represents the factor structure of the scale. This structure had adequate fit and good reliability, and additionally fear of COVID had a large effect on mental health. In general, women had more fear than men, having more information on COVID was associated to more fear, while having family or friends affected by COVID did not related to fear of the virus. The Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale presents evidence of validity and reliability to assess fear of COVID-19 in the Peruvian older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Peru
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioural Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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Fernandez R, Ham-Baloyi WT, Al Mutair A, Lapkin S, Moxham L, Tapsell A. Similarities and differences in well-being between Australian, Saudi Arabian and South African pre-registration nursing students. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Barboza-Palomino M, Ventura-León J, Carbajal-León C, Noé-Grijalva M, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Vivanco-Vidal A. Traducción al español y validación de una medida breve de ansiedad por la COVID-19 en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. ANSIEDAD Y ESTRES-ANXIETY AND STRESS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7522742 DOI: 10.1016/j.anyes.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introducción y objetivos Material y método Resultados Conclusión
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Elovanio M, Hakulinen C, Pulkki-Råback L, Aalto AM, Virtanen M, Partonen T, Suvisaari J. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-6), and Mental Health Index (MHI-5): psychometric and predictive properties in a Finnish population-based sample. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:112973. [PMID: 32413708 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The short versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-6), and Mental Health Index (MHI-5) are all valid and reliable measures of general psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. We tested the psychometric properties of the scales, their overlap, and their ability to predict mental health service use using both regression and machine learning (ML, random forest) approaches. Data were from the population-based FinHealth-2017 Study of adults (N = 4270) with data on all of the evaluated instruments. Constructive validity, internal consistency, invariance, and optimal cut-off points in predicting mental health services were tested. Constructive validity was acceptable and all instruments measured their own distinct phenomenon. Some of the item scoring in BDI-6 was not optimal, and the sensitivity and specificity of all scales were relatively weak in predicting service use. Small gender differences emerged in optimal cut-off points. ML did not improve model predictions. GHQ-12, BDI-6, and MHI-5 may be interpreted to measure different constructs of psychological health symptoms, but are not particularly useful predictors of service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovanio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland.
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Steele KR, Townsend ML, Grenyer BFS. Parenting stress and competence in borderline personality disorder is associated with mental health, trauma history, attachment and reflective capacity. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32426137 PMCID: PMC7212608 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-020-00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may experience additional challenges in their parenting role, including increased stress and lower self-efficacy and satisfaction. These difficulties have been shown to impact their children, and may be implicated in the potential intergenerational transmission of personality vulnerabilities. METHODS Parental stress and competence variables were examined in a cross-sectional study of 284 parents (94.72% female, M = 37.37, SD = 8.04 years), of which 69 (24.30%) met caseness for BPD criteria. We completed a multivariate analysis of variance to test how parents with 'high BPD features' (meeting caseness for BPD) compared to those with 'low BPD features' on a range of parenting and mental health variables. Multivariate linear regression modelling was then utilised to explore whether these parenting variables were associated with personality and psychological wellbeing, recalled trauma history, orientation to attachment relationships and reflective capacity. RESULTS Individuals high in BPD features experienced more stress and lower competence in their parenting role than those low in BPD features. These parents also reported more personality vulnerabilities, poorer psychological wellbeing, recalled more traumatic experiences in their childhood, were more likely to endorse insecure attachment styles and had poorer reflective capacity. In the regression model, parenting stress and competence was associated with personality traits, general psychological wellbeing, recalled trauma history, attachment style and reflective capacity variables. Parental reflective capacity had the strongest association with parenting stress, satisfaction, efficacy, the perception of having a difficult child and a difficult parent-child relationship, and psychological wellbeing had the greatest association with parenting distress. CONCLUSIONS Parents who were able to imaginatively enter the subjective world of the child and hold the child's mind in mind with less certainty, reported reduced parenting stress and greater parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Helping to improve personality and mental health functioning, increasing parental reflective capacity and strengthening parent-child attachment relationships, may reduce parenting stress and increase parenting competence in individuals with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Steele
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
| | - Michelle L Townsend
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
| | - Brin F S Grenyer
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales Australia
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Piqueras JA, Rodriguez-Jimenez T, Marzo JC, Rivera-Riquelme M, Martinez-Gonzalez AE, Falco R, Furlong MJ. Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S): A Universal Screening Measure of Social-Emotional Strengths for Spanish-Speaking Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244982. [PMID: 31817874 PMCID: PMC6950097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S), which is a measure of core psychological assets based on a higher-order model of Covitality, is comprised of 36 items and four latent traits (with three measured subscales): belief in self (self-efficacy, self-awareness, and persistence), belief in others (school support, family coherence, and peer support), emotional competence (emotional regulation, behavioral self-control, and empathy), and engaged living (gratitude, zest, and optimism). Previous international studies have supported the psychometric properties of the SEHS-S. The present study extended this research by examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation with a sample of 1042 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.49, SD = 1.65.). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the original factorial structure, with hierarchical omega between 0.66–0.93, with 0.94 for the total score. Factorial invariance across genders revealed small latent mean differences. A path model evaluated concurrent validity, which revealed a significant association between Covitality and bidimensional mental health (psychological distress and well-being). Specifically, correlational analyses showed a negative association with internalizing/externalizing symptoms, and positive associations with subjective well-being, health-related quality of life, and prosocial behaviors. This study provides an example of a culturally relevant adaptation of an international tool to measure student strengths, which is critical to planning school programming and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (J.C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-658-343
| | - Tiscar Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychology, Campus of Los Jerónimos, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Marzo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (J.C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (R.F.)
| | - Maria Rivera-Riquelme
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (J.C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (R.F.)
| | - Agustin E. Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, Campus of San Vicente del Raspeig, University of Alicante (UA), 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Raquel Falco
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (J.C.M.); (M.R.-R.); (R.F.)
| | - Michael J. Furlong
- International Center for School Based Youth Development, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz School, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), CA 93106-9490, USA;
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