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Jiang S, Xiong Y, Wang X. Engeletin ameliorates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment by activating PPAR-gamma in neonatal mice. Neuropathology 2023; 43:431-440. [PMID: 37037475 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane (SEV) is a commonly used anesthetic in pediatric surgery. Recent studies reported that repeated use of SEV contributes to cognitive impairment. Engeletin has been discovered to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, the detailed roles and mechanisms of engeletin in SEV-induced cognitive dysfunction of neonatal mice remain unclear. In this study, C57BL/6 neonatal mice were randomly divided into Ctrl, SEV, SEV + Engeletin (10 mg /kg), SEV + Engeletin (20 mg/kg), and SEV + Engeletin (40 mg/kg) groups. The Morris water maze (MWM) test suggested that engeletin treatment significantly improved SEV-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice. Employing ELISA and Nissl staining analysis, engeletin reduced neuroinflammation and loss of nerve cells caused by SEV, respectively. The treatment of engeletin dramatically suppressed the activation of microglia and apoptosis induced by SEV in the hippocampus of neonatal mice. Furthermore, the inhibition of PPAR-γ obviously reversed the abovementioned effects of engeletin in the hippocampus of newborn mice. In conclusion, this study verified that engeletin notably ameliorated SEV-induced cognitive deficiencies in neonatal mice at least partially by mediating the expression of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ramos A, Granzotto N, Kremer R, Boeder AM, de Araújo JFP, Pereira AG, Izídio GS. Hunting for Genes Underlying Emotionality in the Laboratory Rat: Maps, Tools and Traps. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1840-1863. [PMID: 36056863 PMCID: PMC10514530 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220901154034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have systematically investigated the hereditary bases of behaviors since the 19th century, moved by either evolutionary questions or clinically-motivated purposes. The pioneer studies on the genetic selection of laboratory animals had already indicated, one hundred years ago, the immense complexity of analyzing behaviors that were influenced by a large number of small-effect genes and an incalculable amount of environmental factors. Merging Mendelian, quantitative and molecular approaches in the 1990s made it possible to map specific rodent behaviors to known chromosome regions. From that point on, Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analyses coupled with behavioral and molecular techniques, which involved in vivo isolation of relevant blocks of genes, opened new avenues for gene mapping and characterization. This review examines the QTL strategy applied to the behavioral study of emotionality, with a focus on the laboratory rat. We discuss the challenges, advances and limitations of the search for Quantitative Trait Genes (QTG) playing a role in regulating emotionality. For the past 25 years, we have marched the long journey from emotionality-related behaviors to genes. In this context, our experiences are used to illustrate why and how one should move forward in the molecular understanding of complex psychiatric illnesses. The promise of exploring genetic links between immunological and emotional responses are also discussed. New strategies based on humans, rodents and other animals (such as zebrafish) are also acknowledged, as they are likely to allow substantial progress to be made in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ramos
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Natalli Granzotto
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kremer
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Ariela Maína Boeder
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Julia Fernandez Puñal de Araújo
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Aline Guimarães Pereira
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Geison Souza Izídio
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Developmental and Cellular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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3
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Chalmers RA, Cervin M, Choo C, Baune BT, Trollor JN, Numbers K, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Kochan NA, Medvedev ON. Networks of inflammation, depression, and cognition in aging males and females. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2387-2398. [PMID: 35895279 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prioritizing the maintenance of healthy cognitive aging and personalizing preventive interventions to enhance their effectiveness is crucial as the global population ages. Systemic inflammation and depression in older people have been associated with decreased levels of cognition but results have been inconsistent. AIMS To explore the interactive network of inflammation, depression and cognition by sex in older people. METHODS We used novel network analysis to explore the unique associations between inflammatory biomarkers, depression, cognition, and somatic, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors in an older (aged 70-90 years), non-demented, community-dwelling sample from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Aging Study (N = 916) at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. RESULTS The networks of biomarkers, depression, cognition, and relevant covariates were significantly different between males and females. A stable negative link between depression and cognition was found in females only; a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-6 and depression was found in females only; and a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-8 and alcohol was found in females only. For both males and females, a stable, positive relationship was found between the presence of APOE-ε4 gene and biomarker C-reactive protein; between education and cognition; and between biomarker interleukin-6 and all other biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest different psychophysiological mechanisms underlie the interactive network of biomarkers, depression and cognition in males and females that should be considered when designing personalized preventive interventions to maintain cognitively healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Choo
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Munster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Katya Numbers
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Guo B, Chen C, Yang L, Zhu R. Effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function of sleep deprivation rats based on changes in inflammatory response. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7920-7928. [PMID: 34622713 PMCID: PMC8806679 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1981757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative cognitive function of sleep deprivation (SD) rats based on changes in inflammatory response. Male rats were randomly divided into blank control (C), SD, DEX, and SD+DEX groups. The SD model was established through intraperitoneal injection of DEX. The escape latency was detected through Morris water maze test daily, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were detected for 8 d. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus homogenate were determined, and the morphological changes in neurons were detected through Nissl staining. The concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in the hippocampus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the Rac1/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expressions were detected by Western blotting. The changes in immunofluorescence localization of NF-κB were observed by confocal microscopy. Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-κB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-κB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). DEX can effectively alleviate postoperative hippocampal inflammation and improve cognitive function of SD rats. The ability of DEX to relieve oxidative stress of hippocampal neurons, restore damaged cells, and reduce hippocampal inflammation in SD rats may be related to the Rac1/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Cognitive Deficit in Schizophrenia: From Etiology to Novel Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189905. [PMID: 34576069 PMCID: PMC8468549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms, and by cognitive deficit. Although cognitive impairment is disabling for patients, it has been largely neglected in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are several reasons for this lack of treatments for cognitive deficit, but the complexity of its etiology-in which neuroanatomic, biochemical and genetic factors concur-has contributed to the lack of effective treatments. In the last few years, there have been several attempts to develop novel drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Despite these efforts, little progress has been made. The latest findings point to the importance of developing personalized treatments for schizophrenia which enhance neuroplasticity, and of combining pharmacological treatments with non-pharmacological measures.
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Ma X, Song M, Yan Y, Ren G, Hou J, Qin G, Wang W, Li Z. Albiflorin alleviates cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18287-18297. [PMID: 34319254 PMCID: PMC8351685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effect of albiflorin (AL) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. METHODS A mouse model of diabetic encephalopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1%STZ. Step down test and water maze test were used to test the cognitive function of rats. Congo Red Staining was used to detect the distribution of Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of rats. Cytokine levels in serum and hippocampus were measured using ELISA. Serum insulin, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by commercial kits. And the content of Nrf-2/HO-1/HMGB1/NF-kB in the hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared with the STZ model group, the average escape latency of rats in the AL group in the Morris water maze test was significantly shortened, and the average number of platform crossings and the ratio of distance/total swimming distance in the target quadrant were increased significantly. Staining of tissue sections and ELISA showed a decrease in Aβ plaque density in the hippocampus of rats in the AL group. And serum insulin levels of rats in the ALgroup were significantly reduced and OGTT was improved. In addition, AL could also regulate the Nrf-2/HO-1/HMGB1/NF-kB signal pathway in the hippocampus. Therefore, AL may ameliorate STZ-induced cognitive impairment in rats by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingwen Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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7
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Yun JA, Jeong KS, Ahn YS, Han Y, Choi KS. The Interaction of Inflammatory Markers and Alcohol-Use on Cognitive Function in Korean Male Firefighters. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:205-213. [PMID: 33685038 PMCID: PMC8016693 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive functions have been shown to become impaired due to alcoholism. Recently, neuroinflammation gained attention for playing a role in the neurotoxic effect of alcohol. However, there is limited data on the relationship between alcohol and cognitive function, based on the mechanism of inflammation. This study examined whether the interaction between alcohol use and pro-inflammatory biomarkers is related to cognitive function in Korean male firefighters. METHODS A total of 474 firefighters were assessed for alcohol-related problems using CAGE, cognitive functions, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α). Sequential multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine if inflammatory markers moderate the relationship between alcohol use and cognitive function. RESULTS Only a decreased attentional function was associated with the interaction of alcohol use and inflammatory markers, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, lipid profiles, smoking, depression, fatigue, self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and musculoskeletal problems. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the interaction between alcohol use and inflammation is related to attentional function in Korean male firefighters. Additionally, this cross-sectional study suggests that diminishing attention, related to alcohol use, may be based on the mechanism of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Yun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Han
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zefferino R, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01960. [PMID: 33295155 PMCID: PMC7882157 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response is different in various individuals, however, the mechanisms that could explain these distinct effects are not well known and the molecular correlates have been considered one at the time. Particular harmful conditions occur if the subject, instead to cope the stressful events, succumb to them, in this case, a cascade reaction happens that through different signaling causes a specific reaction named "sickness behaviour." The aim of this article is to review the complex relations among important molecules belonging to Central nervous system (CNS), immune system (IS), and endocrine system (ES) during the chronic stress response. METHODS After having verified the state of art concerning the function of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), interleukin (IL)-1β and melatonin, we describe as they work together. RESULTS We propose a speculative hypothesis concerning the complex interplay of these signaling molecules during chronic stress, highlighting the role of IL-1β as main biomarker of this effects, indeed, during chronic stress its increment transforms this inflammatory signal into a nervous signal (NE), in turn, this uses the ES (melatonin and cortisol) to counterbalance again IL-1β. During cortisol resistance, a vicious loop occurs that increments all mediators, unbalancing IS, ES, and CNS networks. This IL-1β increase would occur above all when the individual succumbs to stressful events, showing the Sickness Behaviour Symptoms. IL-1β might, through melatonin and vice versa, determine sleep disorders too. CONCLUSION The molecular links here outlined could explain how stress plays a role in etiopathogenesis of several diseases through this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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9
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Potter G, Hatch D, Hagy H, Radüntz T, Gajewski P, Falkenstein M, Freude G. Slower information processing speed is associated with persistent burnout symptoms but not depression symptoms in nursing workers. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:33-45. [PMID: 33402015 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1863340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Burnout and depression both occur with chronic work-related stress, and cognitive deficits have been found when symptom severity results in work disability. Less is known about cognitive deficits associated with milder symptoms among active workers, and few studies have examined whether cognitive deficits predict persistent burnout and depression symptoms. The goal of this study was to examine the association of information processing speed and executive function performance to burnout and depression symptoms at baseline and 12-month follow-up in a sample of actively working individuals (N = 372).Method: The design was prospective with laboratory cognitive data at baseline, and burnout and depressive symptoms assessed at baseline and monthly follow-ups. Information processing speed and executive functions were assessed in a task-switching paradigm, including single-task reaction time (RT), switching costs, and mixing costs. Burnout was assessed with the Exhaustion subscale of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results: Slower RT was modestly associated with higher levels of burnout symptoms both cross-sectionally and prospectively, but switching costs and mixing costs were not associated with burnout symptoms. None of the cognitive measures were associated with depression symptoms cross-sectionally or prospectively.Conclusions: Despite statistically significant findings of slowed RT in acute exhaustion-related burnout, the proportion of variance accounted for in the models was small and did not predict clinically significant levels of distress. The absence of statistically significant findings for depression symptoms suggests the cognitive profile associated with the exhaustion dimension of burnout may be distinct from that of depression, which reflects a more heterogeneous symptomatology. Our data suggest the clinical impact of burnout symptoms on actively working individuals is marginal; nonetheless, it is important to screen and intervene on burnout and depression symptoms in the workplace because they can lead to other forms of work impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Hatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Hagy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thea Radüntz
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Gajewski
- Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Institute for Working, Learning, and Aging, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele Freude
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Simon LS, Taylor PC, Choy EH, Sebba A, Quebe A, Knopp KL, Porreca F. The Jak/STAT pathway: A focus on pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 51:278-284. [PMID: 33412435 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is mediated by inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms and negatively affects quality of life. Recent findings from a Phase 3 clinical trial showed that patients with RA who were treated with a Janus kinase 1 (Jak1) and Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) inhibitor achieved significantly greater improvements in pain than those treated with a tumor necrosis factor blocker; both treatments resulted in similar changes in standard clinical measures and markers of inflammation. These findings suggest that Jak1 and Jak2 inhibition may relieve pain in RA caused by inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms and are consistent with the overarching involvement of the Jak-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway in mediating the action, expression, and regulation of a multitude of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of pain in RA, the underlying importance of cytokines regulated directly or indirectly by the Jak/STAT pathway, and therapeutic targeting of the Jak/STAT pathway in RA. As highlighted herein, multiple cytokines directly or indirectly regulated by the Jak/STAT pathway play important roles in mediating various mechanisms underlying pain in RA. Having a better understanding of these mechanisms may help clinicians make treatment decisions that optimize the control of inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ernest H Choy
- CREATE Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA.
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11
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Bessette KL, Karstens AJ, Crane NA, Peters AT, Stange JP, Elverman KH, Morimoto SS, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. A Lifespan Model of Interference Resolution and Inhibitory Control: Risk for Depression and Changes with Illness Progression. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:477-498. [PMID: 31942706 PMCID: PMC7363517 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive processes involved in inhibitory control accuracy (IC) and interference resolution speed (IR) or broadly - inhibition - are discussed in this review, and both are described within the context of a lifespan model of mood disorders. Inhibitory control (IC) is a binary outcome (success or no for response selection and inhibition of unwanted responses) for any given event that is influenced to an extent by IR. IR refers to the process of inhibition, which can be manipulated by task design in earlier and later stages through use of distractors and timing, and manipulation of individual differences in response proclivity. We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorders. We highlight the challenges in identifying and measuring IC/IR in late life, including specificity to complex, comorbid disease processes. Finally, we discuss some potential avenues for treatment and accommodation of these difficulties across the lifespan, including newer treatments using cognitive remediation training and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bessette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Aimee J Karstens
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen H Elverman
- Neuropsychology Center, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Shizuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Mental Health Services, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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12
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Trenova AG, Miteva LD, Stanilova SA. Association between TNFA, IL10 and IL18 promoter gene variants and cognitive functions in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577357. [PMID: 32795736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between TNFA-308G > A, IL10-1082A > G, IL18-607C > A, and cognitive functioning in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). RESULTS In the patients' group: AG genotype of TNFA-308G > A was associated with higher serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) than GG genotype, and higher TNF-alpha levels correlated with poorer results on Symbol Digit Modalities Test; CC genotype of IL18-607C > A was related to lower score on Isaacs test, compared to AC variant; AA genotype of IL10-1082A > G was associated with abnormally low results on Paced Auditory Series Addition Test. CONCLUSIONS TNFA-308G > A, IL10-1082A > G and IL18-607C > A gene variants may be associated with impaired cognitive functions in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyuba Dineva Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
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13
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The Role of Periodontitis and Periodontal Bacteria in the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020495. [PMID: 32054121 PMCID: PMC7074205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence of a connection between the peripheral inflammatory processes and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system is becoming more apparent. This review of the related literature highlights the most recent clinical, epidemiological, and in vitro studies trying to investigate possible connections between periodontal bacteria and the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. This review was conducted by searching databases such as PubMed and Scopus using keywords or combinations such as Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal or dementia AND periodontitis OR periodontal. After eliminating overlaps and screening the articles not related to these issues, we identified 1088 records and proceeded to the selection of articles for an evaluation of the associative assumptions. The hypothesis suggested by the authors and confirmed by the literature is that the bacterial load and the inflammatory process linked to periodontal disease can intensify inflammation at the level of the central nervous system, favoring the occurrence of the disease. The analysis of the literature highlights how periodontal disease can directly contribute to the peripheral inflammatory environment by the introduction of periodontal or indirect pathogenic bacteria and proinflammatory cytokines locally produced at the periodontal level following bacterial colonization of periodontal defects.
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Establishment of Novel Murine Model showing Vascular Inflammation-derived Cognitive Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4023. [PMID: 30858535 PMCID: PMC6411753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical feature of aging and its related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrated that abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an aging-related vascular pathological condition, is associated with cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism, especially the role of vascular inflammation, is largely unknown because of lack of an available animal model. In this study, we examined whether vascular inflammation affects synaptic and cognitive dysfunction, using an AAA mouse model. In young (3 months) and middle-aged (12 months) C57BL/6J mice, AAA was induced by angiotensin II infusion with calcium chloride application. After 4 weeks of induction, aortic diameter was significantly increased and excessive Mac3-positive inflammatory cells infiltrated the destroyed aorta in middle-aged mice. AAA-induced middle-aged mice further exhibited cognitive impairment. Neuronal loss was observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. IBA1/MHCII-double-positive microglia activation was also seen in the hippocampus, suggesting that vascular inflammation drives neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 exhibited robust AAA formation and a marked decrease of cognitive and synaptic function in the hippocampus mediated by inflammation. In conclusion, this novel murine model convincingly suggested the occurrence of vascular inflammation-derived cognitive dysfunction.
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15
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Association of interleukin-6 rs1800796 polymorphism with reduced cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Kiely A, Ferland G, Ouliass B, O'Toole PW, Purtill H, O'Connor EM. Vitamin K status and inflammation are associated with cognition in older Irish adults. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:591-599. [PMID: 30451602 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1536411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown associations between reduced vitamin K status and poor cognitive function. However, despite this apparent link, direct studies measuring cognitive function, vitamin K status and inflammation are lacking. In the current study, The ELDERMET cohort was investigated to identify associations between cognition, vitamin K status and inflammation. The primary aim of the ELDERMET study was to investigate the relationship between gut bacteria, diet, lifestyle and health in 500 older Irish adults. Significant differences in serum phylloquinone, dietary phylloquinone and inflammatory markers were found across varying levels of cognitive function, after controlling for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and blood pressure. In addition, significantly higher levels of dietary phylloquinone were found in those with better cognition compared to those with the poorest function. Higher levels of inflammatory were also associated with poor cognition. Furthermore, both dietary and serum phylloquinone were significant independent predictors of good cognitive function, after controlling for confounders. This study highlights the importance of dietary vitamin K as a potentially protective cognitive factor; it also provides evidence for the correlation between cognition and inflammation. Strategies should be devised by which elderly populations can access rich dietary sources of phylloquinone to maintain cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiely
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - G Ferland
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - B Ouliass
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - P W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Purtill
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - E M O'Connor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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17
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Sargent L, Nalls M, Starkweather A, Hobgood S, Thompson H, Amella EJ, Singleton A. Shared biological pathways for frailty and cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:149-158. [PMID: 30102995 PMCID: PMC6376483 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Sargent
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA, USA; Medical University of South Carolina School of Nursing, Charleston, NC, USA.
| | - Mike Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah Hobgood
- Virginia Commonwealth School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Holly Thompson
- National Institutes of Health Library, Division of Library Services, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine J Amella
- Medical University of South Carolina School of Nursing, Charleston, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Xiu MH, Man LJ, Wang D, Du X, Yin G, Zhang Y, Tan YL, Chen N, Chen S, Teixeira AL, Cassidy RM, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha -1031T/C polymorphism is associated with cognitive deficits in chronic schizophrenia patients versus healthy controls. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:379-387. [PMID: 29633506 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent compelling research has demonstrated a pathophysiologic role for proinflammatory cytokines of microglial origin in decreasing neurocognitive function. Psychiatric diseases are already known to have reduced cognitive function and are also associated with increased inflammation. To elaborate on these data, our study aims to investigate how a particular polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor gene, TNF-α -1031T/C, affects neurocognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. We recruited 905 patients with schizophrenia and 571 healthy control subjects. We employed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to test for neurocognitive function and the positive and negative syndrome scale to evaluate schizophrenia severity. The -1031T/C polymorphism was genotyped in both healthy controls and schizophrenic patients. Our results demonstrate that patients with the C allele (either T/C or C/C) possessed increased immediate memory index, visuospatial/constructional index, and RBANS total scores as compared to patients without it (p < .05). In healthy controls, there was no significant difference across genotypes (p > .05). Our findings demonstrate that the TNF-α -1031T/C polymorphism may not play a role in the susceptibility of schizophrenia itself, but may be involved in the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. This suggests an important role for cytokine signaling in mediating the severity of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Man
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weihai Mental Health Center, Weihai, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangzhou Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Long Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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19
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Fraga VG, Guimarães HC, Teixeira AL, Barbosa MT, Carvalho MG, Caramelli P, Gomes KB. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes influence cognitive and functional performance in a population aged 75 years and above. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:1401-1410. [PMID: 27891653 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of the cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -308G > A, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 codon +10C > T, TGF-β1 codon +25G > C, interleukin (IL)-10 -1082A > G, IL-10 -819C > T, IL-10 -592C > A, IL-6 -174G > C, and IFN-γ +874T > A in a sample of healthy and cognitively impaired elderlies and to verify the probable association between these SNPs and cognitive and functional performance of subjects aged 75 years and above. METHODS 259 Brazilian subjects were included, comprising 81 with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and 54 demented seniors (together made up the cognitively impaired group, CI) and 124 age-matched and gender-matched cognitively healthy controls (CHS). The genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The cognitive performance was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. The functional performance was accessed by Functional Activities Questionnaire. RESULTS The CClower genotype of TGF-β1 codon +25G > C was frequent in both patient groups. The TThigher genotype of INF-γ +874T > A was less frequent in the dementia group. IL-10 haplotypes of lower expression were more frequent among CIND and demented patients. In CI, individuals with genetic variants that produce higher expression of TGF-β1, INF-γ, and IL-10 showed better normalized cognitive performance. Additionally, the Alower allele of INF-γ +874T > A was related to worse functional performance in CI, while the Alower allele of TNF-α -308G > A was associated with better cognitive and functional scores in the CIND group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential role for certain cytokine SNPs in the development of CIND and dementia, which may influence the functional and cognitive performance of these patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G Fraga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Guimarães
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maira T Barbosa
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria G Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Gajewski PD, Boden S, Freude G, Potter GG, Claus M, Bröde P, Watzl C, Getzmann S, Falkenstein M. Executive control, ERP and pro-inflammatory activity in emotionally exhausted middle-aged employees. Comparison between subclinical burnout and mild to moderate depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 86:176-186. [PMID: 28972891 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome occurring mainly in individuals with long-term stressful work. The main complaints are emotional exhaustion and reduced performance. Burnout also largely overlaps with depression. Both are characterized by increased incidence of infections due to dysregulation of the immune system, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive deficits, particularly related to executive functions. To distinguish between burnout and depression already at the pre-clinical stage, the present double-blinded study compared immunological and cognitive parameters in seventy-six employees from emotionally demanding occupations who were post-hoc subdivided into two groups scoring low (EE-) and high (EE+) in emotional exhaustion and low (DE-) and high (DE+) in depression. Immunological parameters were measured from blood samples. Executive functions were studied by analyzing event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and performance during a task switching paradigm. Psychosocial job parameters were measured with standardized questionnaires. Burnout and mild to moderate depression largely overlapped. However, several subjects showed burnout without depressive symptoms. Higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 were correlated with burnout severity and depressive symptoms in male individuals. In the switch task a trend for lower performance in the EE+ vs. EE- group and no difference between DE+ and DE- groups were found. In the ERPs, however, differences were observed which distinguished between subclinical burnout and depression: the terminal contingent negative variation (CNV), indicating preparatory activity and the P3b, related to allocation of cognitive resources were generally reduced in EE+ vs. EE-, whereas no differences were found in the DE+ vs. DE- groups. The frontal P3a was selectively reduced in switch trials in the EE+ vs. EE- group and showed only a trend in DE+ vs. DE-, indicating impairment of executive control in subclinical burnout. Taken together, the results unveil specific immunological changes and declines in brain functions in employees with subclinical burnout that are not apparent in persons with moderate depression. Hence, the combination of immunological, behavioral and ERP methods renders a promising method for distinguishing both syndromes and for improving an early diagnosis of burnout before a clinical stage is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1.
| | - Sylvia Boden
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1
| | - Gabriele Freude
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guy G Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maren Claus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1
| | - Peter Bröde
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany1; Institute for Working, Learning and Aging, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Effects of interleukin-1beta polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in healthy and psychiatric disease conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A systematic review on the association between inflammatory genes and cognitive decline in non-demented elderly individuals. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:568-588. [PMID: 26718789 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, or decline, is not only a feature of Alzheimer׳s disease and other forms of dementia but also normal ageing. Abundant evidence from epidemiological studies points towards perturbed inflammatory mechanisms in aged individuals, though the cause-effect nature of this apparent relationship is difficult to establish. Genetic association studies focusing on polymorphism in and around inflammatory genes represent a viable approach to establish whether inflammatory mechanisms might play a causal role in cognitive decline, whilst also enabling the identification of specific genes potentially influencing specific cognitive facets. Thus, here we provide a review of published genetic association studies investigating inflammatory genes in the context of cognitive decline in elderly, non-demented, samples. Numerous candidate gene association studies have been performed to date, focusing almost exclusively on genes encoding major cytokines. Some of these studies report significant cognitive domain-specific associations implicating Interleukin 1β (IL1β) (rs16944), Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) (rs1800629) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in various domains of cognitive function. However, the majority of these studies are lacking in statistical power and have other methodological limitations, suggesting some of them may have yielded false positive results. Genome-wide association studies have implicated less direct and less obvious regulators of inflammatory processes (i.e., PDE7A, HS3ST4, SPOCK3), indicating that a shift away from the major cytokine-encoding genes in future studies will be important. Furthermore, better cohesion across studies with regards to the cognitive test batteries administered to participants along with the continued application of longitudinal designs will be vital.
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Negative Correlation between Serum Cytokine Levels and Cognitive Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Intell 2017; 5:jintelligence5020019. [PMID: 31162410 PMCID: PMC6526410 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence5020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cytokines may be one of the major factors influencing cognitive development in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To shed light on the neural and cognitive mechanisms of ASD, we investigated the association between peripheral cytokine levels and cognitive profiles in children with ASD. The serum levels of 10 cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were examined in 14 children with ASD using the Human Ultrasensitive Cytokine Magnetic 10-Plex Panel for the Luminex platform. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) was administered to each subject, and the relationships between WISC scores and serum levels of the cytokines were examined. The full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of IL-6 (Spearman’s rank, p < 0.0001, false discovery rate q < 0.01). The levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ showed significant negative correlations with the verbal comprehension index (p < 0.001, q < 0.01) and working memory index (p < 0.01, q < 0.05), respectively. No other cytokines were significantly correlated with full-scale IQ or with any of the subscale scores of the WISC. The present results suggest negative correlations of IL-6 and IFN-γ levels with cognitive development of children with ASD. Our preliminary findings add to the evidence that cytokines may play a role in the neural development in ASD.
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Stenfors CUD, Jonsdottir IH, Magnusson Hanson LL, Theorell T. Associations between systemic pro-inflammatory markers, cognitive function and cognitive complaints in a population-based sample of working adults. J Psychosom Res 2017; 96:49-59. [PMID: 28545793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge is limited regarding the relation between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and subjective and objective cognitive functioning in population-based samples of healthy adults across the adult age-span. Thus, the aim of this study was to study a selection of four pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, CRP) in relation to executive cognitive functioning, episodic memory and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in a population-based sample of 215 working adults (age 25-67). RESULTS Higher levels of MCP-1 were associated with poorer executive cognitive functioning, even after adjustments for demographical factors, health status/conditions, SCC and depressive symptoms. IL-6 and CRP were associated with poorer executive cognitive functioning, but these associations covaried with age especially and were not present after adjustment for demographical factors. MCP-1 was associated with poorer episodic memory, but this association also covaried with age especially and was not present after adjustment for demographical factors, and CRP was associated with episodic memory only among participants without reported health conditions. Higher MCP-1 levels were also associated with more SCC and this association covaried with depressive symptoms, while higher levels of TNF-α were associated with less SCC. CONCLUSION Low grade inflammatory processes in terms of higher systemic levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1, IL-6 & CRP) were associated with poorer executive functioning in this sample of working adults, and MCP-1 was so after extensive adjustments. Support for associations between these biomarkers and episodic memory and SCC were more limited. Future research should address the causality of associations between low grade inflammatory processes and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U D Stenfors
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science & Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | - T Theorell
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Di Benedetto S, Müller L, Wenger E, Düzel S, Pawelec G. Contribution of neuroinflammation and immunity to brain aging and the mitigating effects of physical and cognitive interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:114-128. [PMID: 28161508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the brain and the immune system continuously interact during normal as well as pathological functioning. Human aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation in both the immune and central nervous systems, thought to contribute to many age-related diseases. This review of the current literature focuses first on the normal neuroimmune interactions occurring in the brain, which promote learning, memory and neuroplasticity. Further, we discuss the protective and dynamic role of barriers to neuroimmune interactions, which have become clearer with the recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system. Next, we consider age-related changes of the immune system and possible deleterious influences of immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) on neurodegenerative processes in the normally aging brain. We survey the major immunomodulators and neuroregulators in the aging brain and their highly tuned dynamic and reciprocal interactions. Finally, we consider our current understanding of how physical activity, as well as a combination of physical and cognitive interventions, may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and thus positively impact brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Di Benedetto
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Center for Medical Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Wenger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
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Huang CW, Hsu SW, Tsai SJ, Chen NC, Liu ME, Lee CC, Huang SH, Chang WN, Chang YT, Tsai WC, Chang CC. Genetic effect of interleukin-1 beta (C-511T) polymorphism on the structural covariance network and white matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:12. [PMID: 28100246 PMCID: PMC5242022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory processes play a pivotal role in the degenerative process of Alzheimer’s disease. In humans, a biallelic (C/T) polymorphism in the promoter region (position-511) (rs16944) of the interleukin-1 beta gene has been significantly associated with differences in the secretory capacity of interleukin-1 beta. In this study, we investigated whether this functional polymorphism mediates the brain networks in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods We enrolled a total of 135 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (65 males, 70 females), and investigated their gray matter structural covariance networks using 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging and their white matter macro-structural integrities using fractional anisotropy. The patients were classified into two genotype groups: C-carriers (n = 108) and TT-carriers (n = 27), and the structural covariance networks were constructed using seed-based analysis focusing on the default mode network medial temporal or dorsal medial subsystem, salience network and executive control network. Neurobehavioral scores were used as the major outcome factors for clinical correlations. Results There were no differences between the two genotype groups in the cognitive test scores, seed, or peak cluster volumes and white matter fractional anisotropy. The covariance strength showing C-carriers > TT-carriers was the entorhinal-cingulum axis. There were two peak clusters (Brodmann 6 and 10) in the salience network and four peak clusters (superior prefrontal, precentral, fusiform, and temporal) in the executive control network that showed C-carriers < TT-carriers in covariance strength. The salience network and executive control network peak clusters in the TT group and the default mode network peak clusters in the C-carriers strongly predicted the cognitive test scores. Conclusions Interleukin-1 beta C-511 T polymorphism modulates the structural covariance strength on the anterior brain network and entorhinal-interconnected network which were independent of the white matter tract integrity. Depending on the specific C-511 T genotype, different network clusters could predict the cognitive tests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0791-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan
| | - Mu-En Liu
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Neng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung County, 833, Taiwan.
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Knight MJ, Baune BT. Psychosocial Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder-Rationale, Design, and Characteristics of the Cognitive and Emotional Recovery Training Program for Depression (CERT-D). Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:280. [PMID: 29312014 PMCID: PMC5732931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial dysfunction is associated with poor longitudinal course of depression and is not sufficiently addressed by existing pharmaceutical or psychological treatments. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention designed to improve psychosocial function in depressed individuals. Impaired cognition, emotion processing, and social cognition appear to underlie (i.e., cause) psychosocial dysfunction in depression. The current treatment will target functioning in these domains (i.e., cognition, emotion, social cognition) with repeated training tasks, following the rationale that therapeutic benefits will arise in psychosocial functioning. It is expected that personalizing treatment by participants' baseline functioning will enhance clinical efficacy, by comparison with standard treatment in which baseline functioning is not considered. METHODS The study is a randomized, controlled treatment (RCT), in which the efficacy of a personalized and standard intervention will be compared. Sixteen treatment sessions will be administered over an 8-week period. These treatments are designed to improve cognition, emotion processing and social cognition. Assessments of psychosocial functioning, as well as a number of secondary outcomes, will occur at baseline, 4 weeks (mid-RCT), 8 weeks (end of RCT), and in the observational period at baseline (week 9) and 3 and 6 months post-RCT. Recruitment will commence in July 2017, including subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. DISCUSSION This research will provide new insight into the roles of cognition, emotion processing, and social cognition in psychosocial dysfunction in depression. In addition, the relative clinical efficacy of personalized versus standard treatment approaches will be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the human research ethics committees of the Royal Adelaide Hospital and the University of Adelaide (ethics code: R20170611). The study has been registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Registration number: ACTRN12617000899347, web link: http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12617000899347p. The results of the current study will be published in academic journals following completion of recruitment in 2019. Data will be owned and retained by the University of Adelaide, with access restricted to the research team responsible for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Bertoldi K, Cechinel LR, Schallenberger B, Meireles L, Basso C, Lovatel GA, Bernardi L, Lamers ML, Siqueira IR. Aging process alters hippocampal and cortical secretase activities of Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:374-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma C, Long H. Protective effect of betulin on cognitive decline in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:104-111. [PMID: 27640960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Betulin is extracted from birch tree bark and exerts diverse pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of betulin (BE) on cognitive decline in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic model was built by streptozotocin (STZ) (30mg/kg, ip). After 4 weeks, the diabetic rats were treated with vehicle or BE (20mg/kg, 40mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and serum insulin were detected. Three days later, Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate memory function. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hippocampus were examined. Inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and hippocampus were measured. The protein expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-κB pathways-related molecules in hippocampus were examined. As a results, BE could improve glucose intolerance and modify basal learning performance. Treatment with BE significantly restored SOD activity and decreased MDA content in hippocampus. BE also markedly reduced the contents of inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampus. Furthermore, administration of BE effectively upregulated the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and blocked the phosphorylations of IκB, NF-κB. In summary, BE might exhibit protective effect on cognitive decline in STZ-induced diabetic rats through HO-1/Nrf-2/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M., The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M., Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M., The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M., Nanjing 210001, China.
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Alt JA, Mace JC, Smith TL, Soler ZM. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:1264-1272. [PMID: 27384037 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been found to have cognitive deficit, as identified using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), but the exact etiology of cognitive decline is unknown. In this study we aimed to determine whether improvement in concomitant inflammation and disease burden in CRS, using endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), improves cognitive deficit. We also sought to identify comorbid conditions that effect improvement likelihood. METHODS Study participants (n = 247) with and without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, CRSsNP) were prospectively enrolled in this multi-institutional, observational outcomes study. Pre- and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the CFQ instrument. Quality of life (QOL) and disease burden was also evaluated using the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), the 22-item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), nasal endoscopy, computed tomography, and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). RESULTS Average CFQ total scores improved significantly (p = 0.012) after ESS for patients with follow-up (n = 141). Participants with CRSwNP (n = 51) reported significant postoperative improvements in mean CFQ total scores (p = 0.002) and CFQ distractibility and blunders domain scores (p ≤ 0.006). No significant postoperative improvement for any average CFQ score was found in CRSsNP (p > 0.086). The magnitude of postoperative improvement in CFQ total and domain mean scores was statistically similar between CRSsNP and CRSwNP (p > 0.115). Depressive disorder, identified using PHQ-2 screening, was the only comorbid condition significantly associated with measurable cognitive deficit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CRS have measurable cognitive decline, and ESS may modestly improve cognitive deficit/CFQ scores. Future investigations are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for cognitive deficit in patients with CRS and significant associations with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jess C Mace
- Rhinology and Skull Base Division, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Rhinology and Skull Base Division, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Silva B, Sousa L, Miranda A, Vasconcelos A, Reis H, Barcelos L, Arantes R, Teixeira A, Rachid MA. Memory deficit associated with increased brain proinflammatory cytokine levels and neurodegeneration in acute ischemic stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate behavioral changes and neuroinflammatory process following left unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO), a model of cerebral ischemia. Post-ischemic behavioral changes following 15 min UCCAO were recorded 24 hours after reperfusion. The novel object recognition task was used to assess learning and memory. After behavioral test, brains from sham and ischemic mice were removed and processed to evaluate central nervous system pathology by TTC and H&E techniques as well as inflammatory mediators by ELISA. UCCAO promoted long-term memory impairment after reperfusion. Infarct areas were observed in the cerebrum by TTC stain. Moreover, the histopathological analysis revealed cerebral necrotic cavities surrounded by ischemic neurons and hippocampal neurodegeneration. In parallel with memory dysfunction, brain levels of TNF-a, IL-1b and CXCL1 were increased post ischemia compared with sham-operated group. These findings suggest an involvement of central nervous system inflammatory mediators and brain damage in cognitive impairment following unilateral acute ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helton Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The effect of the antipsychotic drug quetiapine and its metabolite norquetiapine on acute inflammation, memory and anhedonia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:136-44. [PMID: 26047769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The atypical antipsychotic drug, quetiapine, has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in schizophrenia, bipolar, major depressive and general anxiety disorders, but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of psychiatric diseases. Male C57BL/6 mice were given either quetiapine (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite norquetiapine (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either LPS (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post LPS short-term recognition memory and anhedonia behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and saccharin preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, mice were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that LPS challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as anhedonia, with no significant effect on recognition memory. Quetiapine and norquetiapine both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in serum 4h post LPS. Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for Il-10 and Ifn-γ, however norquetiapine led to an increase in Il-1β expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased Il-10 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed LPS induced changes in behaviour. Both quetiapine and its metabolite norquetiapine appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on IL-10 and IFN-γ following acute LPS challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.
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Arnoldussen IAC, Kiliaan AJ, Gustafson DR. Obesity and dementia: adipokines interact with the brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1982-99. [PMID: 24704273 PMCID: PMC4169761 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic and a serious global health concern. Obesity is a risk factor for multiple conditions and contributes to multi-morbidities, resulting in increased health costs and millions of deaths each year. Obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, cognitive deficits, dementia and Alzheimer׳s disease. Adipokines, defined as hormones, cytokines and peptides secreted by adipose tissue, may have more widespread influence and functionality in the brain than previously thought. In this review, six adipokines, and their actions in the obese and non-obese conditions will be discussed. Included are: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α), angiotensinogen (AGT), adiponectin and leptin. Their functionality in the periphery, their ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and their influence on dementia processes within the brain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1213, Brooklyn, NY11203, USA; UMS 011 Inserm Versailles Saint Quentin, France; Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, NeuroPsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Wallinsgatan 6, 431 41 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Aureli A, Sebastiani P, Del Beato T, Marimpietri AE, Graziani A, Sechi E, Di Loreto S. Involvement of IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist on intellectual disability. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:124-31. [PMID: 25124963 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Imbalances in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been increasingly correlated with several neurodevelopmental disorders and their role in neuronal development is being investigated. To assess the possible influence of cytokines on the onset of intellectual disability (ID), we studied the polymorphisms of thirteen proinflammatory cytokine genes in 81 patients and 61 healthy controls. We demonstrated a significant association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (-174 G/C and nt565 G/A), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) (Mspa-I 11100) SNP with ID. Moreover, the IL-6 SNPs is an unfavorable genetic predisposition for females. The evaluation of circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-1RA showed that the serum concentrations of IL-6 were significantly higher in ID patients than in controls. These data suggest that functional cytokine gene polymorphisms may influence the development of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aureli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) - National Council of Research (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Sebastiani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) - National Council of Research (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Del Beato
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) - National Council of Research (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A E Marimpietri
- Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatric Clinic, University of L'Aquila, ASL n. 4, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Graziani
- Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatric Clinic, University of L'Aquila, ASL n. 4, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Sechi
- Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatric Clinic, University of L'Aquila, ASL n. 4, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Di Loreto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) - National Council of Research (CNR), L'Aquila, Italy.
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Alt JA, Smith TL, Schlosser RJ, Mace JC, Soler ZM. Sleep and quality of life improvements after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:693-701. [PMID: 25079334 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigation has demonstrated that approximately 75% of patients with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) report abnormal sleep quality, with strong correlation between worse sleep quality and more severe CRS disease severity. It remains unknown whether the treatment effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS results in appreciable sleep quality improvements. METHODS Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with a current diagnosis of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), who voluntarily elected ESS as the next treatment modality (n = 301), were prospectively evaluated within 4 academic, tertiary care centers using treatment outcome instruments: the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index, the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test, the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) both before and after ESS. RESULTS Seventy-two percent (72%) of patients with CRS were found to have poor sleep (PSQI > 5) at baseline with a mean (standard deviation) global PSQI score of 9.4 (4.6). Surgery improved overall mean global PSQI scores (by 2.2 points), and all 7 subdomain scores of the PSQI. Similarly, the odds of good sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5) in patients treated with sinus surgery increased significantly (odds ratio [OR] 5.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.06 to 11.53; p < 0.001). Stepwise multivariate linear regression found that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) intolerance (β [standard error], -1.94 [0.93]; 95% CI, -3.77 to -0.11; p = 0.038), history of prior sinus surgery (β [standard error], 1.10 (0.54); 95% CI, 0.03 to 2.16; p = 0.044), and frontal sinusotomy (β [standard error], -1.03 [0.62]; 95% CI, -2.26 to 0.20; p = 0.099) were found to significantly associate with improvement in PSQI sleep scores. CONCLUSION Among patients with CRS, reduced sleep quality, poor disease-specific quality of life, and greater disease severity were improved following ESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Ising M, Mather KA, Zimmermann P, Brückl T, Höhne N, Heck A, Schenk LA, Rujescu D, Armstrong NJ, Sachdev PS, Reppermund S. Genetic effects on information processing speed are moderated by age - converging results from three samples. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:501-7. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
| | - K. A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | | | - T. Brückl
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
| | - N. Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
| | - A. Heck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
- Present address: Institute of Psychology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - L. A. Schenk
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
- Present address: Department of Systems Neuroscience; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - D. Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Martin-Luther-University; Halle Germany
| | | | - P. S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
| | - S. Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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Effects of chemokine receptor signalling on cognition-like, emotion-like and sociability behaviours of CCR6 and CCR7 knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 261:31-9. [PMID: 24333375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is regarded as an important mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chemokines, which are a part of the immune system, have effects on various aspects of brain function, but little is known about their effects on behaviour. We have compared the cognition-like behaviour (learning and spatial memory) of CCR6(-/-) and CCR7(-/-) mice with wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, in the Barnes maze, as well as a range of other behaviours, including exploratory, anxiety and depression-like behaviour, using a battery of tests. Levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were also measured. In the Barnes maze, CCR7(-/-) mice were shown to take longer to learn the location of the escape box on the 1st of 4 days of training. In the behavioural battery, CCR6(-/-) mice showed higher locomotor activity and lower anxiety in the open field test, and a lack of preference for social novelty in a sociability test. CCR7(-/-) mice behaved much like WT mice, although showed higher anxiety in Elevated Zero Maze. While baseline saccharin preference in a 2-bottle choice test, a test for anhedonia depression-like behaviour, was equal in all strains at baseline, weekly tests showed that both CCR6(-/-) and CCR7(-/-) mice developed a decreased preference for saccharin compared to WT over time. There were no differences between strains in any of the cytokines measured. These results suggest that chemokine receptors may play a role in cognition and learning behaviour, as well as anxiety and other behaviours, although the biological mechanisms are still unclear.
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Lotrich FE, Sears B, McNamara RK. Anger induced by interferon-alpha is moderated by ratio of arachidonic acid to omega-3 fatty acids. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:475-83. [PMID: 24182638 PMCID: PMC3817416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anger worsens in some patients during interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy. Elevated anger has also been associated with lower long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acid levels. We examined whether fatty acids could influence vulnerability to anger during IFN-α exposure. METHODS Plasma arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were determined prior to IFN-α therapy by mass spectroscopy. Repeated-measure analyses examined the relationship between AA/EPA+DHA and the subsequent development of labile anger and irritability in 82 subjects who prospectively completed the Anger, Irritability, and Assault Questionnaire (AIAQ) during the first eight weeks of IFN-α therapy. RESULTS Prior to IFN-α therapy, AA/EPA+DHA did not correlate with either labile anger or irritability. Pre-treatment AA/EPA+DHA did correlate with the subsequent maximal increase in labile anger during IFN-α therapy (r=0.33; p=0.005). Over time, labile anger increased more in subjects with above median AA/EPA+DHA ratios (p<0.05). Of the 17 subjects ultimately requiring psychiatric intervention for anger, 14/17 had above-median AA/EPA+DHA ratios (p=0.009). There was also an interaction with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promoter polymorphism (A-308G), such that only those with both elevated AA/EPA+DHA and the A allele had increased labile anger (p=0.001). In an additional 18 subjects, we conversely observed that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment was associated with increased irritability during IFN-α therapy. CONCLUSION LCn-3 fatty acid status may influence anger development during exposure to elevated inflammatory cytokines, and may interact with genetic risk for increased brain TNF-α. LCn-3 supplements may be one strategy for minimizing this adverse side effect of IFN-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis E. Lotrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,All correspondence concerning this manuscript should be addressed to Francis E. Lotrich, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Tel: (412) 246-6267;
| | - Barry Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Marblehead, Massachusetts
| | - Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Simpson EEA, Hodkinson CF, Maylor EA, McCormack JM, Rae G, Strain S, Alexander HD, Wallace JMW. Intracellular cytokine production and cognition in healthy older adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2196-208. [PMID: 23664267 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 have been associated with impaired cognitive performance. There are, however, few studies that have examined the relationship between cytokine production and specific aspects of cognition in healthy older individuals. Two-colour flow cytometry was used to determine intracellular cytokine production by activated monocytes, and neuropsychological tests were performed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in 93 apparently healthy men and women aged 55-70 years. A series of hierarchical regression analyses was carried out to examine the contribution of IL-1β and IL-6 (% expression and production (antibody binding capacity (ABC))) to recognition, attention and working memory, after controlling for socio-demographic variables (age, sex and social class). IL-1β% expression and IL-6 production predicted aspects of working memory. Recognition memory was found to be sensitive to the affects of age and social class. The current study suggests that higher intracellular cytokine production by activated monocytes may be predictive of lower cognitive performance in working memory in healthy older individuals. These findings indicate that utilization of models for in vivo cytokine production upon immune challenge may be useful in studying specific aspects of memory affected during inflammatory responses, for example in individuals at risk for cognitive decline owing to age-related inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E A Simpson
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Alt JA, Smith TL. Chronic rhinosinusitis and sleep: a contemporary review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 3:941-9. [PMID: 24039230 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exhibit centrally mediated behavioral changes commonly referred to as "sickness behavior." Sleep alteration is a component of sickness behavior which is estimated to affect up to 70 million patients annually. Patients with CRS have poor sleep quality, and little is known about the underlying etiology and pathophysiology. This narrative review aims to further organize and present the current knowledge associating sleep and CRS. METHODS A literature search was conducted of the OVID MEDLINE database using key search words including: "chronic rhinosinusitis," "sleep," "sleep disorders," and "sleep dysfunction." Additional keywords "nasal obstruction," "nasal polyp," and "fatigue" were identified and used to further delineate relevant articles. RESULTS The articles that specifically addressed sleep and CRS were dissected and presented as follows: (1) chronic rhinosinusitis and sleep; (2) chronic rhinosinusitis and fatigue; (3) chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal obstruction, and sleep; and (4) pathophysiology of sleep in chronic rhinosinusitis (cytokines in both sleep and chronic rhinosinusitis and their association to the neuroimmune biology of chronic rhinosinusitis). CONCLUSION Patients with CRS have sleep dysfunction that is associated with their disease severity and overall quality of life. The etiology of sleep dysfunction in CRS is most likely multifactorial. Increasing evidence suggests sleep dysfunction in patients with CRS is partly due to the inflammatory disease process, and sleep physiology in patients with CRS may be actively regulated by the inflammatory component of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Alt JA, Smith TL, Mace JC, Soler ZM. Sleep quality and disease severity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:2364-70. [PMID: 23918740 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate sleep quality in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using a validated outcome measure and to compare measures of CRS disease severity with sleep dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional evaluation of a multi-center cohort. METHODS According to the 2007 Adult Sinusitis Guidelines, patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled from four academic, tertiary care centers across North America. Each subject completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument, in addition to CRS-specific measures of quality-of-life (QOL), endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), and olfaction. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and clinical measures of disease severity were compared between patients with "good" (PSQI; ≤5) and "poor" (PSQI; > 5) sleep quality. RESULTS Patients (n = 268) reported a mean PSQI score of 9.4 (range: 0-21). Seventy-five percent of patients reported PSQI scores above the traditional cutoff, indicating poor sleep quality. Patients with poor sleep quality were found to have significantly worse QOL scores on both the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (P < 0.001) and 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (P < 0.001). No significant differences in average endoscopy, CT, or olfactory function scores were found between patients with good or poor sleep quality. Tobacco smokers reported worse average PSQI total scores compared to nonsmokers (P = 0.030). Patients reporting poor sleep were more likely to have a history of depression, even after controlling for gender (P = 0.020). CONCLUSION The majority of patients with CRS have a poor quality of sleep, as measured by the PSQI survey. Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with CRS-specific QOL, gender, comorbid depression, and tobacco use, but not CT score or endoscopy grade. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Gajewski PD, Hengstler JG, Golka K, Falkenstein M, Beste C. The functional tumor necrosis factor-α (308A/G) polymorphism modulates attentional selection in elderly individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2694.e1-2694.e12. [PMID: 23673311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in understanding the role of inflammatory processes for cognitive functions in aging using molecular genetic approaches. Though this has mostly been evaluated in pathological aging, little is known about the relevance for cognitive functions in healthy aging in humans. On the basis of behavioral data and neurophysiological data (event-related potentials and time-frequency decomposition) we show that the A-allele of the functional tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -308 A/G polymorphism confers dysfunction in a number of cognitive processes: prolonged attentional selection indexed by a delayed P1/N1 complex, an increased P3a, which is interpreted as an enhanced distractibility by nonrelevant stimuli and compromised response selection mechanisms, as indexed by a reduced frontocentral N2. Time-frequency analyses show that allelic variations further exert their effects by modulating alpha and beta frequency oscillations. On a neurobiological level, these effects might be because of the interaction of TNF-α with glutamatergic neural transmission by which TNF-α is known to boost apoptotic mechanisms in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Gajewski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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Lovatel GA, Elsner VR, Bertoldi K, Vanzella C, Moysés FDS, Vizuete A, Spindler C, Cechinel LR, Netto CA, Muotri AR, Siqueira IR. Treadmill exercise induces age-related changes in aversive memory, neuroinflammatory and epigenetic processes in the rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 101:94-102. [PMID: 23357282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been described that exercise can modulate both inflammatory response and epigenetic modifications, although the effect of exercise on these parameters during the normal brain aging process yet remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of aging and treadmill exercise on inflammatory and epigenetic parameters specifically pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels, activation of NF-kB and histone H4 acetylation levels in hippocampus from Wistar rats. Additionally, we evaluated aversive memory through inhibitory avoidance task. Rats of 3 and 20 months of age were assigned to non-exercised (sedentary) and exercised (running daily for 20 min for 2 weeks) groups. The effect of daily forced exercise in the treadmill was assessed. The levels of inflammatory and epigenetic parameters were determined 1h, 18 h, 3 days or 7 days after the last training session of exercise. It was observed an age-related decline on aversive memory, as well as aged rats showed increased hippocampal levels of inflammatory markers, such as TNFα, IL1-β and NF-kB and decreased IL-4 levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, lower levels of global histone H4 acetylation were also observed in hippocampi from aged rats. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the biochemical markers and the inhibitory avoidance test performance. The forced exercise protocol ameliorated aging-related memory decline, decreased pro-inflammatory markers and increased histone H4 acetylation levels in hippocampi 20-months-old rats, while increased acutely IL-4 levels in hippocampi from young adult rats. Together, these results suggest that an imbalance of inflammatory markers might be involved to the aging-related aversive memory impairment. Additionally, our exercise protocol may reverse aging-related memory decline through improving cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Agustini Lovatel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Eyre HA, Papps E, Baune BT. Treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activity: an immune perspective. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23382717 PMCID: PMC3562851 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of major depressive disorder makes the search for an extended understanding of etiology, and for the development of additional treatments highly significant. Biological factors may be useful biomarkers for treatment with physical activity (PA), and neurobiological effects of PA may herald new therapeutic development in the future. This paper provides a thorough and up-to-date review of studies examining the neuroimmunomodulatory effects of PA on the brain in depression and depression-like behaviors. From a neuroimmune perspective, evidence suggests PA does enhance the beneficial and reduce the detrimental effects of the neuroimmune system. PA appears to increase the following factors: interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 (acutely), macrophage migration inhibitory factor, central nervous system-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells, M2 microglia, quiescent astrocytes, CX3CL1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. On the other hand, PA appears to reduce detrimental neuroimmune factors such as: Th1/Th2 balance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, M1 microglia, and reactive astrocytes. The effect of other mechanisms is unknown, such as: CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (T regs), CD200, chemokines, miRNA, M2-type blood-derived macrophages, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [via receptor 2 (R2)]. The beneficial effects of PA are likely to occur centrally and peripherally (e.g., in visceral fat reduction). The investigation of the neuroimmune effects of PA on depression and depression-like behavior is a rapidly developing and important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Eyre
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia ; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Tumor necrosis factor gene variation predicts hippocampus volume in healthy individuals. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 72:655-62. [PMID: 22554453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α have been implicated in neurodegeneration relevant to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Little is known about the genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative properties of cytokine genes on brain function and on hippocampus (HC) function in particular. In this study we investigate the neurodegenerative role of TNF polymorphisms on brain morphology in healthy individuals. METHODS Voxel-based morphometry was used in a large sample of healthy individuals (n = 303) to analyze the associations between genetic variants of TNF (rs1800629; rs361525) and brain morphology (gray matter concentration). RESULTS In a region of interest analysis of the HC, for rs1800629, we observed a strong genotype effect on bilateral HC gray matter concentration. Carriers of one or two A-alleles had significantly smaller volumes compared with GG-homozygotes. For rs361525, a similar effect was observed at almost the same location, with the A-allele resulting in smaller HC volumes compared with GG homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a neurodegenerative role of the A-alleles of the TNF single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800629 (-308G/A) and rs361525 (-238G/A) on hippocampal volumes in healthy individuals. Future imaging studies on the role of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in psychiatric populations of diseases with neurodegenerative components are warranted.
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Santello M, Volterra A. TNFα in synaptic function: switching gears. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:638-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Elderkin-Thompson V, Irwin MR, Hellemann G, Kumar A. Interleukin-6 and memory functions of encoding and recall in healthy and depressed elderly adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 20:753-63. [PMID: 22892560 PMCID: PMC3690956 DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e31825d08d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of proinflammatory cytokines is associated with depressed mood, feelings of fatigue, and changes in cognitive function. This study examined the relationships between cognitive performance and circulating cellular markers of inflammation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in moderately depressed and comparison healthy older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 87 volunteers (45 nondepressed and 42 depressed) in which participants completed the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview and were evaluated by a geriatric psychiatrist for dementia, depression, stroke risk, and neurologic disorders. Volunteers also completed an electrocardiogram, standard battery of laboratory tests, and neuropsychological examination that assessed memory functions of Encoding and Recall, Executive Function, and Attention/Processing. Mid-morning IL-6 and CRP levels were assessed. The data analysis showed that Encoding and Recall were inversely associated with IL-6 across diagnostic groups after controlling for chronological age, Mini-Mental State Examination, body mass index, literacy level, depression severity, and sex. CRP was not associated with cognition. Depression status was associated with recall independent of IL-6 levels. In conclusion, IL-6 serum levels among elderly individuals is a significant correlate of memory performance. Women, in particular, appear sensitive to IL-6 fluctuations across diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Elderkin-Thompson
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA velderkin1@gmailcom
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA,
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Biostats Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA,
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Laing KR, Mitchell D, Wersching H, Czira ME, Berger K, Baune BT. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene: a gender-specific role in cognitive function during normal cognitive aging of the MEMO-Study? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1011-1022. [PMID: 21695421 PMCID: PMC3682062 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive aging processes are underpinned by multiple processes including genetic factors. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to be involved in age-related cognitive decline in otherwise healthy individuals. The gender-specific role of the BDNF gene in cognitive aging remains unclear. The identification of genetic biomarkers might be a useful approach to identify individuals at risk of cognitive decline during healthy aging processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BDNF gene and domains of cognitive functioning in normal cognitive aging. The sample, comprising 369 participants (M = 72.7 years, SD = 4.45 years), completed an extensive neuropsychological test battery measuring memory, motor function, and perceptual speed. The relationships between the SNPs rs6265, rs7103411, and rs7124442 and cognitive domains were examined. While significant main effects of BDNF SNPs on cognitive function were found for the association between rs7103411 and memory performance, gender-specific analyses revealed for females significant main effects of rs7103411 for memory and of rs6265 for perceptual speed independent of the APOE*E4 status and education. The finding for the association between rs6265 and perceptual speed in females remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. None of the analyses showed significant results for males. This study is the first to implicate that the SNPs rs6265 and rs7103411 affect cognitive function in the elderly in a gender-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R. Laing
- />Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - David Mitchell
- />Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Heike Wersching
- />Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria E. Czira
- />Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- />Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Nagyvarad sq 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Berger
- />Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- />Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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Clinton JM, Davis CJ, Zielinski MR, Jewett KA, Krueger JM. Biochemical regulation of sleep and sleep biomarkers. J Clin Sleep Med 2012; 7:S38-42. [PMID: 22003330 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms commonly associated with sleep loss and chronic inflammation include sleepiness, fatigue, poor cognition, enhanced sensitivity to pain and kindling stimuli, excess sleep and increases in circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) in humans and brain levels of interleukin-1 β (IL1) and TNF in animals. Cytokines including IL1 and TNF partake in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) regulation under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Administration of exogenous IL1 or TNF mimics the accumulation of these cytokines occurring during sleep loss to the extent that it induces the aforementioned symptoms. Extracellular ATP associated with neuro- and glio-transmission, acting via purine type 2 receptors, e.g., the P2X7 receptor, has a role in glia release of IL1 and TNF. These substances in turn act on neurons to change their intrinsic membrane properties and sensitivities to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as adenosine, glutamate and GABA. These actions change the network input-output properties, i.e., a state shift for the network. State oscillations occur locally within cortical columns and are defined using evoked response potentials. One such state, so defined, shares properties with whole animal sleep in that it is dependent on prior cellular activity--it shows homeostasis. The cortical column sleep-like state is induced by TNF and is associated with experimental performance detriments. ATP released extracellularly as a consequence of cellular activity is posited to initiate a mechanism by which the brain tracks its prior sleep-state history to induce/prohibit sleep. Thus, sleep is an emergent property of populations of local neural networks undergoing state transitions. Specific neuronal groups participating in sleep depend upon prior network use driving local network state changes via the ATP-cytokine-adenosine mechanism. Such considerations add complexity to finding biochemical markers for sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Clinton
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, WWAMI Medical Education Program, WA State University, Spokane, WA 99164, USA.
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Jewett KA, Krueger JM. Humoral sleep regulation; interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 89:241-57. [PMID: 22640617 PMCID: PMC4030541 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394623-2.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two substances, the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), known for their many physiological roles, for example, cognition, synaptic plasticity, and immune function, are also well characterized in their actions of sleep regulation. These substances promote non-rapid eye movement sleep and can induce symptoms associated with sleep loss such as sleepiness, fatigue, and poor cognition. IL1β and TNFα are released from glia in response to extracellular ATP. They bind to their receptors on neurons resulting in neuromodulator and neurotransmitter receptor up/downregulation (e.g., adenosine and glutamate receptors) leading to altered neuronal excitability and function, that is, a state change in the local network. Synchronization of state between local networks leads to emergent whole brain oscillations, such as sleep/wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Jewett
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
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