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Sal-Sarria S, López-Taboada I, González-Pardo H, Conejo NM. A shift to a standard diet after exposure to a high-fat, high-sucrose diet from gestation to weaning restores brain metabolism and behavioral flexibility in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115020. [PMID: 38679144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged consumption of diets high in saturated fat and sugar has been related to obesity and overweight, which in turn are linked to cognitive impairment in both humans and rodents. This has become a current issue, especially in children and adolescents, because these stages are crucial to neurodevelopmental processes and programming of adult behavior. To evaluate the effects of gestational and early exposure to an obesogenic diet, three groups with different dietary patterns were established: high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFS), standard diet (SD), and a dietary shift from a high-fat, high-sucrose diet to a standard diet after weaning (R). Spatial learning and behavioral flexibility in adult male and female Wistar rats were evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) at PND 60. Furthermore, regional brain oxidative metabolism was assessed in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Contrary to our hypothesis, the HFS diet groups showed similar performance on the spatial learning task as the other groups, although they showed impaired cognitive flexibility. The HFS group had increased brain metabolic capacity compared to that of animals fed the standard diet. Shifting from the HFS diet to the SD diet after weaning restored the brain metabolic capacity in both sexes to levels similar to those observed in animals fed the SD diet. In addition, animals in the R group performed similarly to those fed the SD diet in the Morris water maze in both tasks. However, dietary shift from HFS diet to standard diet after weaning had only moderate sex-dependent effects on body weight and fat distribution. In conclusion, switching from an HFS diet to a balanced diet after weaning would have beneficial effects on behavioral flexibility and brain metabolism, without significant sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Sal-Sarria
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Taboada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nélida M Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Mota B, Brás AR, Araújo-Andrade L, Silva A, Pereira PA, Madeira MD, Cardoso A. High-Caloric Diets in Adolescence Impair Specific GABAergic Subpopulations, Neurogenesis, and Alter Astrocyte Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5524. [PMID: 38791562 PMCID: PMC11122083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two different high-caloric diets administered to 4-week-old rats for 12 weeks: a diet rich in sugar (30% sucrose) and a cafeteria diet rich in sugar and high-fat foods. We focused on the hippocampus, particularly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, including the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and the neuropeptides somatostatin (SST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We also analyzed the density of cholinergic varicosities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reelin (RELN), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) mRNA levels, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The cafeteria diet reduced PV-positive neurons in the granular layer, hilus, and CA1, as well as NPY-positive neurons in the hilus, without altering other GABAergic populations or overall GABA levels. The high-sugar diet induced a decrease in the number of PV-positive cells in CA3 and an increase in CB-positive cells in the hilus and CA1. No alterations were observed in the cholinergic varicosities. The cafeteria diet also reduced the relative mRNA expression of RELN without significant changes in BDNF and CDK5 levels. The cafeteria diet increased the number but reduced the length of the astrocyte processes. These data highlight the significance of determining the mechanisms mediating the observed effects of these diets and imply that the cognitive impairments previously found might be related to both the neuroinflammation process and the reduction in PV, NPY, and RELN expression in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
| | - Leonardo Araújo-Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Rey M, Coirini H, Marchena A, González Deniselle MC, Kruse MS. Effects of metformin on behavioral alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption in male rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13362. [PMID: 38148478 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of sugary drinks negatively impacts the developing brain, producing long-lasting behavioral and metabolic disorders. Here, we study whether treatment with the antihyperglycemic agent metformin prevents some of the anxiety and memory alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had unrestricted access to water (control group) and a bottle containing a 10% sucrose solution (sucrose group, SUC) for 35 days. In parallel, a group of animals from SUC received metformin (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, orally; MET 25 and MET 50 groups, respectively). After 2 weeks of metformin treatment, the animals weighed less than controls. SUC and MET 50 groups compensated for the caloric intake from the sugary solution by consuming less chow. In contrast, total energy intake in MET 25 was higher than the rest of the groups, but they still weighed less than control and SUC groups, suggesting that at this concentration, metformin delays body growth. The animals were then tested for the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object location (NOL) tests. In the OF, SUC animals spent more time in the central zone of the arena, evidenced by an increased number of entries and the distance traveled there. In the EPM, SUC animals spent more time in the open arms and less time in the central square. Metformin treatment prevented the decreased anxiety observed in SUC animals in the OF and EPM. In the NOL test, SUC animals showed less interest in novelty and metformin treatment did not improve this alteration. The preference for open spaces in the OF and EPM were associated with increased serum triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HIP), while poor memory performance was associated with high basal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the decreased anxiety-like behavior produced by chronic sucrose consumption was prevented by metformin treatment, through a mechanism that probably involves normalization of TG levels and decreased oxidative stress in mPFC and HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Marchena
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Claudia González Deniselle
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gildawie KR, Wang K, Budge KE, Byrnes EM. Effects of Maternal Separation on Effort-based Responding for Sucrose Are Associated with c-Fos Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens Core. Neuroscience 2024; 537:174-188. [PMID: 38036058 PMCID: PMC10872495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In both people and animals, exposure to adverse experiences early in life can alter neurodevelopment and lead to long-term behavioral effects, including effects on reward processing. In the current study, we use a well-validated rodent model of maternal neglect, maternal separation (MS), to investigate the impact of early life adversity on reward learning and motivation and identify associated modifications in cellular activation in reward-relevant areas. Litters of Long-Evans rats were separated from the dam for either 15 min (brief) or 180 min (prolonged)/day from postnatal day (PND)2 to PND14. As adults, offspring were trained to lever press for a sucrose pellet using fixed ratio (FR) schedules and motivation was tested using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule over 10 daily sessions to assess sustained effects on effort-based responding. Immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos was conducted in a subset of animals that underwent an additional PR session. While there were no effects on reward learning, both MS180 males and females demonstrated increased effort-based responding on the first day of PR testing, while only MS180 males demonstrated a sustained increase in effort across all 10 days. MS180-induced changes in c-Fos expression in the dorsal and ventral striatum were observed, with subregion-specific effects along the rostrocaudal axis. Moreover, regression analyses suggest that motivated responding for a sucrose food reward in MS180-exposed, but not MS15-exposed animals, was associated with increased c-Fos expression in the rostral nucleus accumbens core. These findings implicate specific striatal regions in sex-specific modulation of sustained effort-based reward behavior following early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea R Gildawie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Katherine Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Kerri E Budge
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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Szalanczy AM, Fitzpatrick M, Beeson A, Bui T, Dyson C, Eller S, Landry J, Scott C, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts AM, Weiner JL, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Chronic stress from adolescence to adulthood increases adiposity and anxiety in rats with decreased expression of Krtcap3. Front Genet 2024; 14:1247232. [PMID: 38323241 PMCID: PMC10844407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1247232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as a novel adiposity gene, but subsequently found that its impact on adiposity may depend on environmental stress. To more thoroughly understand the connection between Krtcap3, adiposity, and stress, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Krtcap3 knock-out (KO) rats to chronic stress then measured adiposity and behavioral outcomes. We found that KO rats displayed lower basal stress than WT rats under control conditions and exhibited metabolic and behavioral responses to chronic stress exposure. Specifically, stress-exposed KO rats gained more weight, consumed more food when socially isolated, and displayed more anxiety-like behaviors relative to control KO rats. Meanwhile, there were minimal differences between control and stressed WT rats. At study conclusion stress-exposed KO rats had increased corticosterone (CORT) relative to control KO rats with no differences between WT rats. In addition, KO rats, independent of prior stress exposure, had an increased CORT response to removal of their cage-mate (psychosocial stress), which was only seen in WT rats when exposed to chronic stress. Finally, we found differences in expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, Nr3c1, in the pituitary and colon between control and stress-exposed KO rats that were not present in WT rats. These data support that Krtcap3 expression affects stress response, potentially via interactions with Nr3c1, with downstream effects on adiposity and behavior. Future work is necessary to more thoroughly understand the role of Krtcap3 in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Angela Beeson
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Trangdai Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Dyson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Seth Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Landry
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeff L. Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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Cawthon CR, Spector AC. The Nature of Available Choices Affects the Intake and Meal Patterns of Rats Offered a Palatable Cafeteria-Style Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:5093. [PMID: 38140351 PMCID: PMC10745827 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans choose which foods they will eat from multiple options. The use of cafeteria-style diets with rodent models has increased our understanding of how a multichoice food environment affects eating and health. However, the wide variances in energy density, texture, and the content of micronutrients, fiber, and protein can be interpretatively problematic when human foodstuffs are used to create rodent cafeteria diets. We minimized these differences with a custom rodent cafeteria diet (ROD) that varied similarly to a previously used human-foods cafeteria diet (HUM) in fat and sugar content. Here, we used our custom Five-Item Food Choice Monitor to compare the intake and meal patterns of rats offered ROD and HUM in a crossover design. Compared with chow, rats consumed more calories, sugar, and fat and less protein and carbohydrate while on either of the choice diets (p < 0.05). While energy intake was similar between HUM and ROD, there were differences in the responses. Rats consumed more of the low-fat, low-sugar choice on the ROD compared with the nutritionally similar choice on the HUM leading to differences in fat and carbohydrate intake between the diets (p < 0.05). The stability of macronutrient intake while on either choice diet suggests macronutrient intake is determined by the available foods and is strongly regulated. Therefore, interpretative consideration must be given to the nature of food choices in the context of available options when interpreting cafeteria-diet intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan C. Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
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Li Y, Shi DD, Wang Z. Adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress and their mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114580. [PMID: 37453516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Those with a negative experience of psychosocial stress during the early stage of life not only have a high susceptibility of the psychiatric disorder in all phases of their life span, but they also demonstrate more severe symptoms and poorer response to treatment compared to those without a history of early-life stress. The interventions targeted to early-life stress may improve the effectiveness of treating and preventing psychiatric disorders. Brain regions associated with mood and cognition develop rapidly and own heightened plasticity during adolescence. So, manipulating nonpharmacological interventions in fewer side effects and higher acceptance during adolescence, which is a probable window of opportunity, may ameliorate or even reverse the constantly deteriorating impact of early-life stress. The present article reviews animal and people studies about adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress. We aim to discuss whether those adolescent nonpharmacological interventions can promote individuals' psychological health who expose to early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Marchon RG, Gregório BM, Costa WS, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Sampaio FJ, De Souza DB. Effects of comfort food diet on the penile morphology of stressed rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17013. [PMID: 37484244 PMCID: PMC10361093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of chronic stress, associated or not with comfort food, on the morphology of the penis. Materials & methods Thirty-two adult Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control group (C), receiving standard rat chow, and under normal conditions; Stressed group (S), receiving standard chow, and submitted to stressful situations; Control + comfort food group (C + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and under normal conditions; and Stressed + comfort food group (S + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and submitted to stressful situations. At 10 weeks of age, food supply and stress were initiated. All groups had ad libitum access to standard chow and water, and groups receiving comfort food also had access to Froot Loops®. Chronic stress was induced by restriction, animals were contained daily in polypropylene tubes for 2 h, for eight weeks. After eight weeks all animals were killed; penises were removed for histomorphometric analysis. Results Body mass was similar among the groups. Food intake in S + CF group was lower than in other groups. Concerning food preference, groups C + CF and S + CF preferred comfort food over the standard chow, with this preference being higher in S + CF than in C + CF. The area of the corpora cavernosa without tunica albuginea was lower in group S + CF than in group C. Most interestingly, the surface density of connective tissue in the corpora cavernosa was higher in groups S and S + CF compared to group C. In contrast, smooth muscle surface density was markedly lower in S + CF compared to groups C and C + CF, while group S also had reduced smooth muscle in comparison to group C. Conclusion Chronic stress caused a morphological alteration on penile histomorphometry. Also, stress increased the preference for comfort foods which caused more deleterious effects in some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G. Marchon
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca M. Gregório
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waldemar S. Costa
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Pereira-Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. De Souza
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Real-World Intake of Dietary Sugars Is Associated with Reduced Cortisol Reactivity Following an Acute Physiological Stressor. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010209. [PMID: 36615866 PMCID: PMC9823716 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in understanding the nature of the relation between diet and response to stress exposure as a risk factor for mental illness. Cross-species evidence shows that conditions of chronic and acute stress increase the intake of, and preference for, caloric-dense palatable foods, a phenomenon thought to be explained by the mitigating effects of comfort foods on the activity of the stress-response network. It is largely unknown whether and how real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars impacts stress responsivity in humans. Therefore, here we examined whether real-world dietary intake of saturated fat and sugars predicted salivary cortisol reactivity following an acute physiological stressor. Multilevel modelling of four salivary cortisol measures collected up to 65 min after the stressor on 54 participants (18-49 years old) were analyzed using a quadratic growth curve model. Sugar intake significantly predicted a weaker cortisol response following the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) controlling for BMI and gender, revealing an inhibitory effect of caloric-dense diets on cortisol reactivity to stress. As the consumption of sugar rose individuals had lower post-stressor cortisol levels, a smaller rate of increase in cortisol 20 and 35 min after the CPT, a lower cortisol peak, and an overall weaker quadratic effect. These observations add to a growing body of evidence reporting suppressive effects of high-energy foods on stress-associated glucocorticoids reactivity and are consistent with the comfort food hypothesis, where people are seen as motivated to eat palatable foods to alleviate the detrimental repercussions of stressor exposure.
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Sex differences in addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes in rodents following early life stress. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6. [PMID: 37101684 PMCID: PMC10124992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In humans, exposure to early life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) during later life. Similarly, rodents exposed to ELS involving disrupted mother-infant interactions, such as maternal separation (MS) or adverse caregiving due to scarcity-adversity induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) conditions, also exhibit long-term alterations in alcohol and drug consumption. In both humans and rodents, there is a range of addiction-related behaviors that are associated with drug use and even predictive of subsequent SUDs. In rodents, these include increased anxiety-like behavior, impulsivity, and novelty-seeking, altered alcohol and drug intake patterns, as well as disrupted reward-related processes involving consummatory and social behaviors. Importantly, the expression of these behaviors often varies throughout the lifespan. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that sex differences play a role in how exposure to ELS impacts reward and addiction-related phenotypes as well as underlying brain reward circuitry. Here, addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) dysfunction resulting from ELS in the form of MS and LBN are discussed with a focus on age- and sex-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that ELS may increase susceptibility for later life drug use and SUDs by interfering with the normal maturation of reward-related brain and behavioral function.
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López-Taboada I, Sal-Sarria S, Vallejo G, Coto-Montes A, Conejo NM, González-Pardo H. Sexual dimorphism in spatial learning and brain metabolism after exposure to a western diet and early life stress in rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113969. [PMID: 36181786 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged daily intake of Western-type diet rich in saturated fats and sugars, and exposure to early life stress have been independently linked to impaired neurodevelopment and behaviour in animal models. However, sex-specific effects of both environmental factors combined on spatial learning and memory, behavioural flexibility, and brain oxidative capacity have still not been addressed. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal and postnatal exposure to a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFS), and exposure to early life stress by maternal separation in adult male and female Wistar rats. For this purpose, spatial learning and memory and behavioural flexibility were evaluated in the Morris water maze, and regional brain oxidative capacity and oxidative stress levels were measured in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Spatial memory, regional brain oxidative metabolism, and levels of oxidative stress differed between females and males, suggesting sexual dimorphism in the effects of a HFS diet and early life stress. Males fed the HFS diet performed better than all other experimental groups independently of early life stress exposure. However, behavioural flexibility evaluated in the spatial reversal leaning task was impaired in males fed the HFS diet. In addition, exposure to maternal separation or the HFS diet increased the metabolic capacity of the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus in males and females. Levels of oxidative stress measured in the latter brain regions were also increased in groups fed the HFS diet, but maternal separation seemed to dampen regional brain oxidative stress levels. Therefore, these results suggest a compensatory effect resulting from the interaction between prolonged exposure to a HFS diet and early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-Taboada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Saúl Sal-Sarria
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo Vallejo
- Methodology area, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nélida M Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Wang L, Liu T, Guo J, Zhao T, Tang H, Jin K, Li L, Xue Y, Yang R, Chen J, Tang M. Abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid composition in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:414-422. [PMID: 36113689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The correlation between fatty acids (FAs) and depression is not yet conclusive. This study examined the relationship of FAs composition with the presence and clinical characteristics of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression. METHODS A total of 139 first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression and 55 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the cross-sectional study. The levels of erythrocyte membrane FAs were compared and then the correlation between clinical symptoms and fatty acid levels in depression was investigated. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients with depression had higher C18:1n9t (z = -2.033, p = 0.042), C20:4n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035), C20:3n6 (z = -2.104, p = 0.035) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (z = -2.127, p = 0.033), whereas the levels of C18:1n9c (z = -3.348, p = 0.001) were significantly lower. Higher C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C18:1n9t and n-6 PUFAs levels were associated with higher severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with depression, and the correlation remained after adjusting for the related confounding factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression show abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Trans fatty acids (TFAs) and n-6 PUFAs levels are closely related to clinical characteristics of depression. This study indicated that increased n-6 PUFAs and TFAs are characteristic changes of first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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13
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Blonde GD, Fletcher FH, Tang T, Newsome R, Spector AC. A new apparatus to analyze meal-related ingestive behaviors in rats fed a complex multi-food diet. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113824. [PMID: 35472328 PMCID: PMC10544710 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the size and timing of meals provides critical insight into the processes underlying food intake. While most work has been conducted with a single food or fluid, the availability of food choices can also influence eating and interact with these processes. The 5-Item Food Choice Monitor (FCM), a device that continuously measures eating and drinking behaviors of rats provided up to 5 foods and 2 fluids simultaneously, was designed to allow study of food choices simultaneously with meal patterns. To validate this device, adult male and female (n = 8 each) Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in the FCM. Food and fluid intake were measured continuously (22-h/day) while rats were presented water and powdered chow. Then a cafeteria diet of 5 foods varying in macronutrient content, texture, and flavors were offered along with water. Lastly, the 5 foods were offered along with 0.3 M sucrose and water. Analyses were conducted to find optimal criteria for parceling ingestive behavior into meals, and then meal patterns were quantified. Total intake, as assessed by FCM software, was in good concordance with that measured by an independent scale. A minimum meal size of 1 kcal and a meal termination criterion of 15-min accounted for >90% of total intake and produced meal dynamics that were in register with the literature. Use of the cafeteria diet allowed comparisons between meal patterns with a single food versus a multi-food diet, as well as analyses of macronutrient-related food choices across subsets of meals. The FCM proved to accurately measure food intake over a 22-h period and was able to detect differences and similarities in the meal patterns of rats as a function of sex and food choice availability. Combined with any number of experimental manipulations, the FCM holds great promise in the investigation of the physiological and neural controls of ingestive behavior in a dietary environment that allows food choices, more closely emulating human eating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger D Blonde
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301 USA
| | - Fred H Fletcher
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301 USA
| | - Te Tang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301 USA
| | - Ryan Newsome
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301 USA
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301 USA.
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14
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Reemst K, Ruigrok SR, Bleker L, Naninck EFG, Ernst T, Kotah JM, Lucassen PJ, Roseboom TJ, Pollux BJA, de Rooij SR, Korosi A. Sex-dependence and comorbidities of the early-life adversity induced mental and metabolic disease risks: Where are we at? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104627. [PMID: 35339483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for developing later-life mental and metabolic disorders. However, if and to what extent ELA contributes to the comorbidity and sex-dependent prevalence/presentation of these disorders remains unclear. We here comprehensively review and integrate human and rodent ELA (pre- and postnatal) studies examining mental or metabolic health in both sexes and discuss the role of the placenta and maternal milk, key in transferring maternal effects to the offspring. We conclude that ELA impacts mental and metabolic health with sex-specific presentations that depend on timing of exposure, and that human and rodent studies largely converge in their findings. ELA is more often reported to impact cognitive and externalizing domains in males, internalizing behaviors in both sexes and concerning the metabolic dimension, adiposity in females and insulin sensitivity in males. Thus, ELA seems to be involved in the origin of the comorbidity and sex-specific prevalence/presentation of some of the most common disorders in our society. Therefore, ELA-induced disease states deserve specific preventive and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvie R Ruigrok
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bleker
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva F G Naninck
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiffany Ernst
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Experimental Zoology &Evolutionary Biology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janssen M Kotah
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Experimental Zoology &Evolutionary Biology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Brain Plasticity Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Gharibeh N, Chaumontet C, Darcel N, Fromentin G, Denis I, Zeeni N. Intermittent sucrose solution intake and its schedule of access modulate energy intake and weight gain in response to chronic variable stress in mice. Appetite 2022; 176:106123. [PMID: 35675874 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between stress and the intake of calorically-dense palatable food. Additionally, intake of sodas is an important contributory factor to obesity, and is often associated with palatable food consumption. We studied the effects of 2-h intermittent access to sucrose-sweetened water (SSW, 12.3%, soda-like) and its schedule of administration on the response to chronic variable stress in mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet. C57BL/6 mice (n = 64) had access to water or to both water and 2-h SSW during 5 weeks, in addition to their diet. After the first two weeks, half of the animals from each group were stressed daily using a chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm, while the other half were kept undisturbed. During the CVS exposure period, 2-h SSW access was either scheduled randomly, right before the stressors or right after the stressors. The effects of SSW and its schedule of administration on dietary intake, stress hormones and adiposity were analyzed. Results showed a larger consumption of SSW and higher bodyweight gain in mice receiving SSW after the stressor. In addition, SSW consumption was shown to affect appetite regulation by reducing CCK sensitivity. The present study suggests that SSW leads to overconsumption and weight gain only if provided after exposure to stress. These findings may implicate a relation between exposure to stress, binge-drinking behaviors of sugar sweetened beverages that ensues, and weight gain in humans consuming a western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gharibeh
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - C Chaumontet
- AgroParisTech, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France; INRAE, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - N Darcel
- AgroParisTech, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France; INRAE, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - G Fromentin
- AgroParisTech, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France; INRAE, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - I Denis
- AgroParisTech, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France; INRAE, CNRH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - N Zeeni
- Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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16
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Early Life Stress Alters Expression of Glucocorticoid Stress Response Genes and Trophic Factor Transcripts in the Rodent Basal Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105333. [PMID: 35628144 PMCID: PMC9141219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress shapes the developing brain and increases risk for psychotic disorders. Yet, it is not fully understood how early life stress impacts brain regions in dopaminergic pathways whose dysfunction can contribute to psychosis. Therefore, we investigated gene expression following early life stress in adult brain regions containing dopamine neuron cell bodies (substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area (VTA)) and terminals (dorsal/ventral striatum). Sprague-Dawley rats (14F, 10M) were separated from their mothers from postnatal days (PND) 2-14 for 3 h/day to induce stress, while control rats (12F, 10M) were separated for 15 min/day over the same period. In adulthood (PND98), brain regions were dissected, RNA was isolated and five glucocorticoid signalling-related and six brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNAs were assayed by qPCR in four brain regions. In the VTA, levels of glucocorticoid signalling-related transcripts differed in maternally separated rodents compared to controls, with the Fkbp5 transcript significantly lower and Ptges3 transcript significantly higher in stressed offspring. In the VTA and substantia nigra, maternally separated rodents had significantly higher Bdnf IIA and III mRNA levels than controls. By contrast, in the ventral striatum, maternally separated rodents had significantly lower expression of Bdnf I, IIA, IIC, IV and VI transcripts. Sex differences in Nr3c1, Bag1 and Fkbp5 expression in the VTA and substantia nigra were also detected. Our results suggest that early life stress has long-lasting impacts on brain regions involved in dopamine neurotransmission, changing the trophic environment and potentially altering responsiveness to subsequent stressful events in a sex-specific pattern.
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17
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Vindas-Smith R, Quesada D, Hernández-Solano MI, Castro M, Sequeira-Cordero A, Fornaguera J, Gómez G, Brenes JC. Fat intake and obesity-related parameters predict striatal BDNF gene expression and dopamine metabolite levels in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Neuroscience 2022; 491:225-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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High-sugar/high-fat diet modulates the effects of chronic stress in Cariocas High- and Low-Conditioned Freezing rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 248:113742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Hatton‐Jones K, Cox AJ, Peart JN, Headrick JP, du Toit E. Stress-induced body weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors do not translate to improved myocardial ischemic tolerance in western diet-fed mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15170. [PMID: 35076176 PMCID: PMC8787728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although both diet-induced obesity and psychological stress are recognized as significant independent contributors to cardiometabolic and behavioral disorders, our understanding of how these two disorders interact and influence cardiometabolic risk and myocardial ischemic tolerance is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the combined effects of an obesogenic diet and psychological stress on cardiometabolic risk factors (body weight, dyslipidemia, insulin sensitivity) and postischemic cardiovascular outcomes. C57Bl/6J mice (n = 48) were subject to a combination of 22 weeks of western diet (WD) feeding and chronic restraint stress (CRS) for the last 4 weeks. Metabolic and behavioral changes were assessed using glucose tolerance tests and open field tests (OFTs), respectively. After 22 weeks, cardiac function and ischemic tolerance were assessed in Langendorff perfused hearts. WD feeding increased body weight and worsened blood lipids and insulin sensitivity. WD-fed mice also exhibited reduced exploratory behavior within the OFT. CRS reduced body weight and increased locomotion in both dietary groups and had differential effects on fasting glucose metabolism in the two dietary groups while not impacting non-fasting insulin. Although the WD only marginally reduced reperfusion left ventricular developed pressure recovery, CRS worsened reperfusion diastolic dysfunction in both dietary groups. Interestingly, despite WD+CRS animals exhibiting improved cardiometabolic parameters compared to the WD group, these changes did not translate to marked improvements to postischemic cardiac outcomes. In conclusion, in this study, combined WD feeding and CRS did not act synergistically to worsen cardiometabolic risk factors but instead improved them. Despite these cardiometabolic improvements, WD+CRS increased reperfusion end diastolic pressure which may be indicative of worsened ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Hatton‐Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Medical ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eugene F. du Toit
- School of Pharmacy and Medical ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
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20
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de Souza JA, da Silva MC, de Souza Ferraz Junior JC, de Souza FL, de Souza SL. Maternal separation in the light or dark phase of the circadian cycle has different effects on the corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behavior in male adult rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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A new experimental design to study inflammation-related versus non-inflammation-related depression in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:290. [PMID: 34895261 PMCID: PMC8666053 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major public health concern, particularly due to its steadily rising prevalence and the poor responsiveness to standard antidepressants notably in patients afflicted with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as obesity. This highlights the need to improve current therapeutic strategies, including by targeting inflammation based on its role in the pathophysiology and treatment responsiveness of MDD. Nevertheless, dissecting the relative contribution of inflammation in the development and treatment of MDD remains a major issue, further complicated by the lack of preclinical depression models suitable to experimentally dissociate inflammation-related vs. inflammation-unrelated depression. Methods While current models usually focus on one particular MDD risk factor, we compared in male C57BL/6J mice the behavioral, inflammatory and neurobiological impact of chronic exposure to high-fat diet (HFD), a procedure known to induce inflammation-related depressive-like behaviors, and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS), a stress-induced depression model notably renowned for its responsivity to antidepressants. Results While both paradigms induced neurovegetative, depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, inflammation and downstream neurobiological pathways contributing to inflammation-driven depression were specifically activated in HFD mice, as revealed by increased circulating levels of inflammatory factors, as well as brain expression of microglial activation markers and enzymes from the kynurenine and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways. In addition, serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems were differentially impacted, depending on the experimental condition. Conclusions These data validate an experimental design suitable to deeply study the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven depression comparatively to non-inflammatory depression. This design could help to better understand the pathophysiology of treatment resistant depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02330-9.
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22
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Ruigrok S, Kotah J, Kuindersma J, Speijer E, van Irsen A, la Fleur S, Korosi A. Adult food choices depend on sex and exposure to early-life stress: Underlying brain circuitry, adipose tissue adaptations and metabolic responses. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100360. [PMID: 34277896 PMCID: PMC8264217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early-life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop obesity later in life, and these effects may be sex-specific, but it is currently unknown what underlies the ES-induced metabolic vulnerability. We have previously shown that ES leads to a leaner phenotype under standard chow diet conditions, but to increased fat accumulation when exposed to an unhealthy obesogenic diet. However these diets were fed without a choice. An important, yet under investigated, element contributing to the development of obesity in humans is the choice of the food. There is initial evidence that ES leads to altered food choices but a thorough testing on how ES affects the choice of both the fat and sugar component, and if this is similar in males and females, is currently missing. We hypothesized that ES increases the choice for unhealthy foods, while it at the same time also affects the response to such a diet. In a mouse model for ES, in which mice are exposed to limited nesting and bedding material from postnatal day (P)2–P9, we investigated if ES exposure affected i) food choice with a free choice high-fat high-sugar diet (fcHFHS), ii) the response to such a diet, iii) the brain circuits that regulate food intake and food reward and iv) if such ES effects are sex-specific. We show that there are sex differences in food choice under basal circumstances, and that ES increases fat intake in females when exposed to a mild acute stressor. Moreover, ES impacts the physiologic response to the fcHFHS and the brain circuits regulating food intake in sex-specific manner. Our data highlight sex-specific effects of ES on metabolic functioning and food choice. Strong sex differences exist in food choice and metabolism in mice. Early-life stress (ES) increases fat intake in females after mild acute stress exposure. The physiological response to the diet is affected by ES in a sex-dependent manner. ES modulates the hedonic feeding circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.R. Ruigrok
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.M. Kotah
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.E. Kuindersma
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E. Speijer
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A.A.S. van Irsen
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S.E. la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Ke X, Fu Q, Sterrett J, Hillard CJ, Lane RH, Majnik A. Adverse maternal environment and western diet impairs cognitive function and alters hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor promoter methylation in male mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14407. [PMID: 32333646 PMCID: PMC7183239 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse maternal environment (AME) and high‐fat diet in early childhood increase the risk of cognitive impairment and depression later in life. Cognitive impairment associates with hippocampal dysfunction. A key regulator of hippocampal function is the glucocorticoid receptor. Increased hippocampal GR expression associates with cognitive impairment and depression. Transcriptional control of GR relies in part upon the DNA methylation status at multiple alternative initiation sites that are tissue specific, with exon 1.7 being hippocampal specific. Increased exon 1.7 expression associates with upregulated hippocampal GR expression in early life stress animal models. However, the effects of AME combined with postweaning western diet (WD) on offspring behaviors and the expression of GR exon 1 variants in the hippocampus are unknown. We hypothesized that AME and postweaning WD would impair cognitive function and cause depression‐like behavior in offspring in conjunction with dysregulated hippocampal expression of total GR and exon 1.7 variant in mice. We found that AME‐WD impaired learning and memory in male adult offspring concurrently with increased hippocampal expression of total GR and GR 1.7. We also found that increased GR 1.7 expression was associated with decreased DNA methylation at the GR 1.7 promoter. We speculate that decreased DNA methylation at the GR 1.7 promoter plays a role in AME‐WD induced increase of GR in the hippocampus. This increased GR expression may subsequently contribute to hippocampus dysfunction and lead to the cognitive impairment seen in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrao Ke
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qi Fu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Sterrett
- Neuroscience Research Center Rodent Behavior Core, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Neuroscience Research Center Rodent Behavior Core, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert H Lane
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amber Majnik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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24
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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25
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Landaeta-Díaz L, González-Medina G, Agüero SD. Anxiety, anhedonia and food consumption during the COVID-19 quarantine in Chile. Appetite 2021; 164:105259. [PMID: 33857546 PMCID: PMC8050603 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current epidemic of COVID-19 has gained attention and highlighted the need for a better understanding of the population's mental health. Diet has been identified as an environmental determinant of mental health. In this regard, it has been suggested that the consumption of palatable foods represents a strategy to mitigate negative emotions, such as anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms of anxiety and/or anhedonia to food consumption patterns during the period of COVID-19 quarantine in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study with non-randomized sampling via an online survey. A total of 1725 responses were collected. Each person self-answered the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for anhedonia, the Food Intake Questionnaire, and questions regarding type and duration of lockdown, as well as body weight and food serving variation. Significant correlations were observed between fried food consumption and self-reported body weight. The subjects who consumed fried food three times a week, had higher weight (63.5%) (χ2 = 48.5 and p < 0.001). Those who ate one and two or more pastries on a week had 1.41 and 1.49, respectively higher odds of reporting increased body weight. We found a relationship anxiety level and sugar-sweetened beverages level (χ2 = 25.5; p 0.013), fast food intake (χ2 = 63.4; p < 0.001), and pastry consumption (χ2 = 37.7; p < 0.001). In conclusion, it is important to monitor the evolution of these findings since they could represent a risk of increased health problems in the future post-lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile. Av. Walker Martínez, 1360, piso 3 Edificio A, La Florida, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel González-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile. Manuel Montt, 940, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Durán Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud. Universidad San Sebastián, Chile, Lota, 2465, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Life-course effects of early life adversity exposure on eating behavior and metabolism. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:237-273. [PMID: 34311901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations in early life influence brain development, making individuals more vulnerable to psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Early life stress (ELS) has a strong impact on the development of eating behavior. However, eating is a complex behavior, determined by an interaction between signals of energy homeostasis, neuronal circuits involved in its regulation, and circuits related to rewarding properties of the food. Although mechanisms underlying ELS-induced altered feeding behavior are not completely understood, evidence suggest that the effects of ELS on metabolic, mood, and emotional disorders, as well as reward system dysfunctions can contribute directly or indirectly to altered feeding behavior. The focus of this chapter is to discuss the effects of ELS on eating behavior and metabolism, considering different factors that control appetite such as energy homeostasis, hedonic properties of the food, emotional and cognitive status. After highlighting classic studies on the association between ELS and eating behavior alterations, we discuss how exposure to adversity can interact with genetics characteristics to predict variable outcomes.
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27
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Oldham Green N, Maniam J, Riese J, Morris MJ, Voineagu I. Transcriptomic signature of early life stress in male rat prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100316. [PMID: 33796639 PMCID: PMC7995657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression and addiction-like behaviours. While ELS is known to affect the developing brain, leading to increased stress responsiveness and increased glucocorticoid levels, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of ELS remain incompletely characterised. Rodent models have been instrumental in beginning to uncover the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ELS. Limited nesting (LN), an ELS behavioural paradigm with significant improvements over maternal separation, mimics human maternal neglect. We have previously shown that LN leads to an increase in one of the behavioural measures of anxiety like-behaviours in rats (percent of entries in the EPM open arm). Here we assessed gene expression changes induced by ELS in rat prefrontal cortex by RNA-sequencing. We show that LN leads primarily to transcriptional repression and identify a molecular signature of LN in rat PFC that is observed across ELS protocols and replicable across rodent species (mouse and rat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Oldham Green
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Maniam
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Riese
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irina Voineagu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Bertoldo MJ, Listijono DR, Ho WHJ, Riepsamen AH, Goss DM, Richani D, Jin XL, Mahbub S, Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Loh WGN, Youngson NA, Maniam J, Wong ASA, Selesniemi K, Bustamante S, Li C, Zhao Y, Marinova MB, Kim LJ, Lau L, Wu RM, Mikolaizak AS, Araki T, Le Couteur DG, Turner N, Morris MJ, Walters KA, Goldys E, O'Neill C, Gilchrist RB, Sinclair DA, Homer HA, Wu LE. NAD + Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1670-1681.e7. [PMID: 32049001 PMCID: PMC7063679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging in female mammals is an irreversible process associated with declining oocyte quality, which is the rate-limiting factor to fertility. Here, we show that this loss of oocyte quality with age accompanies declining levels of the prominent metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) rejuvenates oocyte quality in aged animals, leading to restoration in fertility, and this can be recapitulated by transgenic overexpression of the NAD+-dependent deacylase SIRT2, though deletion of this enzyme does not impair oocyte quality. These benefits of NMN extend to the developing embryo, where supplementation reverses the adverse effect of maternal age on developmental milestones. These findings suggest that late-life restoration of NAD+ levels represents an opportunity to rescue female reproductive function in mammals. Declining oocyte quality is considered an irreversible feature of aging and is rate limiting for human fertility. Bertoldo et al. show that reversing an age-dependent decline in NAD(P)H restores oocyte quality, embryo development, and functional fertility in aged mice. These findings may be relevant to reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bertoldo
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dave R Listijono
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wing-Hong Jonathan Ho
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dale M Goss
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dulama Richani
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xing L Jin
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Saabah Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Neil A Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Maniam
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashley S A Wong
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaisa Selesniemi
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Jumpstart Fertility Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Marinova
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynn-Jee Kim
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurin Lau
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael M Wu
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsty A Walters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher O'Neill
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Hayden A Homer
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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29
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Tsan L, Décarie-Spain L, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Western Diet Consumption During Development: Setting the Stage for Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:632312. [PMID: 33642988 PMCID: PMC7902933 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary pattern in industrialized countries has changed substantially over the past century due to technological advances in agriculture, food processing, storage, marketing, and distribution practices. The availability of highly palatable, calorically dense foods that are shelf-stable has facilitated a food environment where overconsumption of foods that have a high percentage of calories derived from fat (particularly saturated fat) and sugar is extremely common in modern Westernized societies. In addition to being a predictor of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, consumption of a Western diet (WD) is related to poorer cognitive performance across the lifespan. In particular, WD consumption during critical early life stages of development has negative consequences on various cognitive abilities later in adulthood. This review highlights rodent model research identifying dietary, metabolic, and neurobiological mechanisms linking consumption of a WD during early life periods of development (gestation, lactation, juvenile and adolescence) with behavioral impairments in multiple cognitive domains, including anxiety-like behavior, learning and memory function, reward-motivated behavior, and social behavior. The literature supports a model in which early life WD consumption leads to long-lasting neurocognitive impairments that are largely dissociable from WD effects on obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tsan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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30
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The effect of unhealthy food and liking on stress reactivity. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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32
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Alves RL, Portugal CC, Summavielle T, Barbosa F, Magalhães A. Maternal separation effects on mother rodents’ behaviour: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 117:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: what is the best choice? Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:24. [PMID: 32616730 PMCID: PMC7331639 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition that includes obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias among other, abnormalities that favors type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases development. Three main diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats exist: High carbohydrate diet (HCHD), high fat diet (HFD), and high carbohydrate-high fat diet (HCHHFD). We analyzed data from at least 35 articles per diet, from different research groups, to determine their effect on the development of the MS, aimed to aid researchers in choosing the model that better suits their research question; and also the best parameter that defines obesity, as there is no consensus to determine this condition in rats. For the HCHD we found a mild effect on body weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), but significant increases in triglycerides, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation. HFD had the greater increase in the parameters previously mentioned, followed by HCHHFD, which had a modest effect on FBG levels. Therefore, to study early stages of MS a HCHD is recommended, while HFD and HCHHFD better reproduce more severe stages of MS. We recommend the assessment of visceral fat accumulation as a good estimate for obesity in the rat.
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34
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Maternal Separation Early in Life Alters the Expression of Genes Npas4 and Nr1d1 in Adult Female Mice: Correlation with Social Behavior. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:7830469. [PMID: 32190129 PMCID: PMC7072106 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7830469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress affects neuronal plasticity of the brain regions participating in the implementation of social behavior. Our previous studies have shown that brief and prolonged separation of pups from their mothers leads to enhanced social behavior in adult female mice. The goal of the present study was to characterize the expression of genes (which are engaged in synaptic plasticity) Egr1, Npas4, Arc, and Homer1 in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of adult female mice with a history of early-life stress. In addition, we evaluated the expression of stress-related genes: glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (Nr3c1 and Nr3c2) and Nr1d1, which encodes a transcription factor (also known as REVERBα) modulating sociability and anxiety-related behavior. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to either maternal separation (MS, 3 h once a day) or handling (HD, 15 min once a day) on postnatal days 2 through 14. In adulthood, the behavior of female mice was analyzed by some behavioral tests, and on the day after the testing of social behavior, we measured the gene expression. We found increased Npas4 expression only in the prefrontal cortex and higher Nr1d1 expression in both the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of adult female mice with a history of MS. The expression of the studied genes did not change in HD female mice. The expression of stress-related genes Nr3c1 and Nr3c2 was unaltered in both groups. We propose that the upregulation of Npas4 and Nr1d1 in females with a history of early-life stress and the corresponding enhancement of social behavior may be regarded as an adaptation mechanism reversing possible aberrations caused by early-life stress.
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35
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Abbink MR, Schipper L, Naninck EF, de Vos CM, Meier R, van der Beek EM, Lucassen PJ, Korosi A. The Effects of Early Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation, and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Later-Life Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020570. [PMID: 32098348 PMCID: PMC7071477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop metabolic and brain disorders in adulthood. Breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) is associated with improved metabolic and neurocognitive health outcomes, and the physical properties of the dietary lipids may contribute to this. Here, we tested whether early life exposure to dietary lipids mimicking some physical characteristics of breastmilk (i.e., large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Concept Nuturis® infant milk formula (N-IMF)), could protect against ES-induced metabolic and brain abnormalities under standard circumstances, and in response to prolonged Western-style diet (WSD) in adulthood. ES was induced by exposing mice to limited nesting material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. From P16 to P42, male offspring were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF, followed by either standard rodent diet (SD) or WSD until P230. We then assessed body composition development, fat mass, metabolic hormones, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and neurogenesis (proliferation and survival). Prolonged WSD resulted in an obesogenic phenotype at P230, which was not modulated by previous ES or N-IMF exposure. Nevertheless, ES and N-IMF modulated the effect of WSD on neurogenesis at P230, without affecting cognitive function, highlighting programming effects of the early life environment on the hippocampal response to later life challenges at a structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maralinde R. Abbink
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (E.M.v.d.B.)
| | - Eva F.G. Naninck
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Cato M.H. de Vos
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Romy Meier
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (E.M.v.d.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.A.); (R.M.); (P.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0031205257638
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de Souza JA, do Amaral Almeida LC, Tavares GA, Falcão LDAL, Beltrão LC, Costa FCO, de Souza FL, da Silva MC, de Souza SL. Dual exposure to stress in different stages of development affects eating behavior of male Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lazzarino GP, Acutain MF, Canesini G, Andreoli MF, Ramos JG. Cafeteria diet induces progressive changes in hypothalamic mechanisms involved in food intake control at different feeding periods in female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110542. [PMID: 31430504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of cafeteria diet (CAF) intake from weaning on mRNA levels and DNA methylation state of feeding-related neuropeptides and hormone receptors in individual hypothalamic nuclei at different feeding periods. Four weeks of CAF (short-term) increased energy intake and adiposity, without affecting neuropeptides' expression. Eleven weeks of CAF (medium-term) increased energy intake, adiposity, leptinemia, and body weight, with an orexigenic response of the lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, given by upregulation of Orexins, AgRP, and NPY opposed by an anorectic signal of the arcuate nucleus, which displayed a higher POMC expression. The changes in neuropeptidic mRNA levels were related to epigenetic modifications in their promoter regions. Metabolic and molecular changes were intensified after 20 weeks of diet (long-term). The alterations in these hypothalamic brain nuclei could add information about their differential role in food intake control, and how their action is disrupted during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Paola Lazzarino
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Acutain
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Guillermina Canesini
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Guillermo Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Coccurello R. Anhedonia in depression symptomatology: Appetite dysregulation and defective brain reward processing. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Finch LE, Cummings JR, Tomiyama AJ. Cookie or clementine? Psychophysiological stress reactivity and recovery after eating healthy and unhealthy comfort foods. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:26-36. [PMID: 31075612 PMCID: PMC6635016 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many people eat unhealthy foods that are high in calories, fat, or sugar when feeling stressed, yet little is known about whether this unhealthy comfort eating actually comforts. Additionally, prior research has not tested whether healthy comfort eating of fruits and vegetables might also alleviate stress, or whether comfort eating during the stress anticipation phase versus immediately after a stressful event is more beneficial for stress relief. The present experiment tested whether unhealthy and healthy comfort eating reduce acute psychophysiological responses to a socially evaluative stressor. Participants (N = 150 healthy women) underwent the Trier Social Stress Test in the lab and were randomly assigned to one of five conditions according to a 2 (food type: unhealthy vs. healthy) x 2 (eating timing: during stress anticipation vs. after the stressor) + 1 (no food control) between-subjects design. Stress outcomes included mood, cognitive appraisals, rumination, salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, and pre-ejection period. Unhealthy and healthy comfort eating did not dampen reactivity or enhance recovery of psychophysiological stress compared to control, and no differences in reactivity or recovery were found by comfort food type. Findings suggest that by replacing unhealthy comfort foods with fruits and vegetables, women will not be sacrificing any stress-reducing benefits and can inherently improve the quality of their diet while avoiding potential drawbacks of unhealthy comfort eating (e.g., links with abdominal obesity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Finch
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;,Corresponding author at: Northwestern University, Department of Preventive Medicine, 680 N Lakeshore Dr., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; ; +1 (518) 929-2270
| | - Jenna R. Cummings
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
The developmental period constitutes a critical window of sensitivity to stress. Indeed, early-life adversity increases the risk to develop psychiatric diseases, but also gastrointestinal disorders such as the irritable bowel syndrome at adulthood. In the past decade, there has been huge interest in the gut-brain axis, especially as regards stress-related emotional behaviours. Animal models of early-life adversity, in particular, maternal separation (MS) in rodents, demonstrate lasting deleterious effects on both the gut and the brain. Here, we review the effects of MS on both systems with a focus on stress-related behaviours. In addition, we discuss more recent findings showing the impact of gut-directed interventions, including nutrition with pre- and probiotics, illustrating the role played by gut microbiota in mediating the long-term effects of MS. Overall, preclinical studies suggest that nutritional approaches with pro- and prebiotics may constitute safe and efficient strategies to attenuate the effects of early-life stress on the gut-brain axis. Further research is required to understand the complex mechanisms underlying gut-brain interaction dysfunctions after early-life stress as well as to determine the beneficial impact of gut-directed strategies in a context of early-life adversity in human subjects.
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"Comfort-foods" chronic intake has different behavioral and neurobiological effects in male rats exposed or not to early-life stress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:18-24. [PMID: 31169116 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ability of "comfort-food" (CF) diet to revert long-term effects of early-life stress (ELS) is less well known. The objective of this study was to verify if the chronic exposure to CF diet in animals submitted to ELS could relief the stress response at behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurobiochemical levels, via differences in glucocorticoid receptors expression in brain areas involved in the stress response. From the second day of life, litters of Wistar rats and their mothers were submitted to the reduced nesting material protocol (ELS). In adult life, ELS and a control group were exposed chronically to two diet schemes: standard rat chow only or both "CF" diet, containing fat (34%) and sugar (20%) and a diet similar to the standard diet. Anxiety-like behavior, neuroendocrine response stress, leptin, GR, SOCS-3, pSTAT3, and the abdominal fat were evaluated. The anxiety-like behavior results showed that ELS group when exposed to comfort food were not different from the others groups. Chronic exposure to CF diet induced an anxiety-like behavior in the control group. Groups chronically exposed to CF diet had lower levels of corticosterone over time independent of the neonatal group. The ELS group exposed to the "CF" diet had higher levels of hippocampal GR, lower levels of hypothalamic SOCS-3 and greater accumulation of abdominal fat. Chronic CF diet consumption is able to reduce corticosterone levels independent of the neonatal history, but is associated with anxiety-like behavior in animals without previous history of trauma. Metabolic disturbances like increased adiposity and altered SOCS-3 seem to be a result of multiple insults (neonatal trauma followed by chronic CF diet). We highlight that the Control-chow and ELS-chow data were previously published, and are included in this study for comparative analysis.
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Slomp M, Belegri E, Blancas‐Velazquez AS, Diepenbroek C, Eggels L, Gumbs MC, Joshi A, Koekkoek LL, Lamuadni K, Ugur M, Unmehopa UA, la Fleur SE, Mul JD. Stressing the importance of choice: Validity of a preclinical free-choice high-caloric diet paradigm to model behavioural, physiological and molecular adaptations during human diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12718. [PMID: 30958590 PMCID: PMC6593820 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have engineered a dietary environment that has driven the global prevalence of obesity and several other chronic metabolic diseases to pandemic levels. To prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities, it is crucial that we understand how our dietary environment, especially in combination with a sedentary lifestyle and/or daily-life stress, can dysregulate energy balance and promote the development of an obese state. Substantial mechanistic insight into the maladaptive adaptations underlying caloric overconsumption and excessive weight gain has been gained by analysing brains from rodents that were eating prefabricated nutritionally-complete pellets of high-fat diet (HFD). Although long-term consumption of HFDs induces chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, they do not model several important characteristics of the modern-day human diet. For example, prefabricated HFDs ignore the (effects of) caloric consumption from a fluid source, do not appear to model the complex interplay in humans between stress and preference for palatable foods, and, importantly, lack any aspect of choice. Therefore, our laboratory uses an obesogenic free-choice high-fat high-sucrose (fc-HFHS) diet paradigm that provides rodents with the opportunity to choose from several diet components, varying in palatability, fluidity, texture, form and nutritive content. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding how the fc-HFHS diet disrupts peripheral metabolic processes and produces adaptations in brain circuitries that govern homeostatic and hedonic components of energy balance. Current insight suggests that the fc-HFHS diet has good construct and face validity to model human diet-induced chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, because it combines the effects of food palatability and energy density with the stimulating effects of variety and choice. We also highlight how behavioural, physiological and molecular adaptations might differ from those induced by prefabricated HFDs that lack an element of choice. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of using the fc-HFHS diet for preclinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Slomp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Evita Belegri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Aurea S. Blancas‐Velazquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Myrtille C.R. Gumbs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anil Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Khalid Lamuadni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Muzeyyen Ugur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Otsuka A, Shiuchi T, Chikahisa S, Shimizu N, Séi H. Sufficient intake of high-fat food attenuates stress-induced social avoidance behavior. Life Sci 2019; 219:219-230. [PMID: 30653972 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Psychosocial stress is a form of mental stress associated with human relationships that underlies the pathogenesis of mental disorders such as depression. Previous studies have suggested that intake of energy-dense foods, also known as "palatable foods," can relieve psychosocial stress. However, it remains unclear whether the volume of palatable food affects abnormal behavior induced by psychosocial stress. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether levels of high-fat food intake significantly influence psychosocial stress using the social-defeat stress (SDS) paradigm. MAIN METHODS Mice subjected to SDS ate either a high-fat or normal chow diet for 10 days. Behavioral tests were conducted following the completion of the SDS paradigm. The hypothalamus, liver, and blood were examined post-mortem. KEY FINDINGS Mice with sufficient intake of high-fat chow immediately following exposure to SDS did not exhibit social avoidance behavior, suggesting that a high-fat diet may improve social behavior. However, inadequate intake of high-fat food, which did not alter cholesterol metabolism or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, was not associated with such benefits, instead increased anxiety-like behavior. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study demonstrate that eating a high-fat diet may attenuate stress, but that this benefit disappears with insufficient intake of high-fat foods. The benefits of a high-fat diet under SDS may be related to cholesterol metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Otsuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Jaimes-Hoy L, Romero F, Charli JL, Joseph-Bravo P. Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Maternal Separation and Palatable Diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 31354623 PMCID: PMC6637657 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal stress contributes to the development of obesity and has long-lasting effects on elements of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Given the importance of thyroid hormones in metabolic regulation, we studied the effects of maternal separation and a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet (HFC), offered from puberty or adulthood, on HPT axis activity of adult male and female Wistar rats. Pups were non-handled (NH) or maternally separated (MS) 3 h/day at postnatal days (Pd) 2-21. In a first experiment, at Pd60, rats had access to chow or an HFC diet (cookies, peanuts, chow) for 1 month. Male and female NH and MS rats that consumed the HFC diet increased their caloric intake, body weight, and serum insulin levels; fat weight increased in all groups except in MS males, and serum leptin concentration increased only in females. Mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) Pomc expression increased in NH-HFC females and Npy decreased in NH-HFC males. MS males showed insulinemia and hypercortisolemia that was attenuated by the HFC diet. The HPT axis activity response to an HFC diet was sex-specific; expression of MBH thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading ectoenzyme (Trhde) increased in NH and MS males; serum TSH concentration decreased in NH males, and T4 increased in NH females. In a second experiment, rats were fed chow or an HFC diet from Pd30 or 60 until Pd160 and exposed to 1 h restraint before sacrifice. Regardless of neonatal stress, age of diet exposition, or sex, the HFC diet increased body and fat weight and serum leptin concentration; it induced insulinemia in males, but in females only in Pd30 rats. The HFC diet's capacity to curtail the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to restraint was impaired in MS males. In restrained rats, expression of Trh in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, Dio2 and Trhde in MBH, and serum thyroid hormone concentration were altered differently depending on sex, age of diet exposition, and neonatal stress. In conclusion, metabolic alterations associated to an HFC-diet-induced obesity are affected by sex or time of exposition, while various parameters of the HPT axis activity are additionally altered by MS, pointing to the complex interplay that these developmental influences exert on HPT axis activity in adult rats.
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Ferreira A, Castro JP, Andrade JP, Dulce Madeira M, Cardoso A. Cafeteria-diet effects on cognitive functions, anxiety, fear response and neurogenesis in the juvenile rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ali EF, MacKay JC, Graitson S, James JS, Cayer C, Audet MC, Kent P, Abizaid A, Merali Z. Palatable Food Dampens the Long-Term Behavioral and Endocrine Effects of Juvenile Stressor Exposure but May Also Provoke Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:216. [PMID: 30283308 PMCID: PMC6156124 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The juvenile period is marked by a reorganization and growth of important brain regions including structures associating with reward seeking behaviors such as the nucleus accumbens (NA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These changes are impacted by stressors during the juvenile period and may lead to a predisposition to stress induced psychopathology and abnormal development of brain reward systems. Like in humans, adult rodents engage certain coping mechanisms such as increases in the consumption of calorie-rich palatable foods to reduce stress, but this behavior can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders. In this study, we examined whether stressors during the juvenile period led to increased caloric intake when a palatable diet was accessible, and whether this diet attenuated adult stress responses. In addition, we examined if the stress buffering effects produced by the palatable diet were also accompanied by an offset propensity towards obesity, and by alterations in mRNA expression of dopamine (DA) receptors in the NA and PFC in adulthood. To this end, juvenile male Wistar rats underwent episodic stressor exposure (forced swim, elevated platform stress and restraint) on postnatal days (PD) 27-29 and received access to regular chow or daily limited access to a palatable diet until adulthood. At the age of 2 months, rats were tested on a social interaction test that screens for anxiety-like behaviors and their endocrine responses to an acute stressor. Animals were sacrificed, and their brains processed to detect differences in DA receptor subtype expression in the PFC and NA using qPCR. Results showed that rats that were stressed during the juvenile period displayed higher social anxiety and a sensitized corticosterone response as adults and these effects were attenuated by access to the palatable diet. Nevertheless, rats that experienced juvenile stress and consumed a palatable diet showed greater adiposity in adulthood. Interestingly, the same group displayed greater mRNA expression of DA receptors at the NA. This suggests that access to a palatable diet mitigates the behavioral and endocrine effects of juvenile stressor exposure in adulthood, but at the cost of metabolic imbalances and a sensitized dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Fatima Ali
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Samantha Graitson
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Stewart James
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Cayer
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Kent
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sagae SC, Zanardini B, Ribeiro-Paz ED, Amaral AC, Bronczek GA, Lubaczeuski C, Grassiolli S, Koehler-Santos P, de Oliveira JR, Donadio MVF, Raineki C. Metabolic dysfunction in a rat model of early-life scarcity-adversity: Modulatory role of cafeteria diet. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1481-1493. [PMID: 30211444 DOI: 10.1113/ep087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Early-life adversity is associated with increased risk for obesity and metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether obesity and metabolic dysfunction result from coping strategies to deal with adversity-related emotional dysregulation, a direct programming of systems regulating metabolic function, or a combination of both. What is the main finding and its importance? Early-life adversity increases vulnerability to later-life obesity and metabolic dysfunction, indicating that genetics and adult lifestyle are not the only determinants of obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, consumption of cafeteria diet exacerbated metabolic dysfunction associated with early-life adversity, suggesting that poor dietary choices might have a bigger impact in the context of early-life adversity. ABSTRACT Early-life adversity has become recognized as an important factor contributing to adult obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether obesity and metabolic dysfunction associated with early-life adversity result from coping strategies to deal with adversity-related emotional dysregulation, a direct programming of systems regulating metabolic function, or a combination. Interestingly, both early-life adversity and later-life dietary choices affect immune function, favouring pro-inflammatory mechanisms that are associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. To investigate the unique and/or interactive effects of early-life adversity and later-life dietary choices for increased vulnerability to obesity and metabolic dysfunction, and specifically the role of the immune system in this vulnerability, we combined a naturalistic rat model of early-life scarcity-adversity with a rat model of obesity, the cafeteria diet. Our results indicate that early-life adversity alone induces insulin resistance, reduces pancreatic insulin secretion, plasma concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, and increases fasting glucose and tumour necrosis factor-α plasma concentrations. Importantly, animals exposed to adverse rearing were more vulnerable to metabolic dysregulation associated with the cafeteria diet, given that they consumed more energy, showed more severe hepatic steatosis and increased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β than normally reared animals fed the cafeteria diet. Together, our results suggest that early-life adversity negatively programmes physiological systems that regulate metabolic function and increases vulnerability to obesity and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. These results highlight the intrinsic relationship between the quality of the early postnatal environment and later-life dietary choices on adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sagae
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Zanardini
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Edson D Ribeiro-Paz
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Amaral
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Bronczek
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Koehler-Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Centro Infant, Institute of Biomedical Research (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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48
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Novick AM, Levandowski ML, Laumann LE, Philip NS, Price LH, Tyrka AR. The effects of early life stress on reward processing. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 101:80-103. [PMID: 29567510 PMCID: PMC5889741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), in the form of childhood maltreatment, abuse, or neglect, increases the risk for psychiatric sequelae later in life. The neurobiology of response to early stress and of reward processing overlap substantially, leading to the prediction that reward processing may be a primary mediator of the effects of early life stress. We describe a growing body of literature investigating the effects of early life stressors on reward processing in animals and humans. Despite variation in the reviewed studies, an emerging pattern of results indicates that ELS results in deficits of ventral striatum-related functions of reward responsiveness and approach motivation, especially when the stressor is experienced in early in development. For stressors experienced later in the juvenile period and adolescence, the animal literature suggests an opposite effect, in which ELS results in increased hedonic drive. Future research in this area will help elucidate the transdiagnostic impact of early life stress, and therefore potentially identify and intervene with at-risk youth, prior to the emergence of clinical psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Novick
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author: Andrew M Novick, MD PhD, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA,
| | - Mateus L. Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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49
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de Souza JA, da Silva MC, de Matos RJB, do Amaral Almeida LC, Beltrão LC, de Souza FL, de Castro RM, de Souza SL. Pre-weaning maternal separation increases eating later in life in male and female offspring, but increases brainstem dopamine receptor 1a and 2a only in males. Appetite 2018; 123:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Xu L, Xu S, Lin L, Gu X, Fu C, Fang Y, Li X, Wang X. High-fat Diet Mediates Anxiolytic-like Behaviors in a Time-dependent Manner Through the Regulation of SIRT1 in the Brain. Neuroscience 2018; 372:237-245. [PMID: 29331532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity have been associated not only with metabolic diseases but also with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression and anxiety. However, results on the effects of an HFD on anxiety are controversial, since both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of both short- and long-term intake of an HFD on anxiety-like behaviors. To explore the impact of time on the association between an HFD and anxiety, mice were fed with an HFD for 4 weeks or 12 weeks. Compared with control-diet mice, mice given an HFD for 4 weeks displayed anxiolytic-like behaviors. At the same time, we observed decreased SIRT1 expression in the mPFC and the amygdala of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, reversed the anxiolytic-like behaviors in HFD-fed mice. However, after 12 weeks of consuming a high-fat diet, mice did not exhibit any anti-anxiety behavior or further decreases in SIRT1 expression in the aforementioned brain regions compared with CD-fed mice. When EX-527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected, we observed anxiolytic effects in the CD-fed mice but not in the 12-week HFD-fed mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that exposure to a short-term HFD can induce anxiolytic behaviors, which may be associated with decreased SIRT1 in the mPFC and the amygdala. However, this effect is abolished when the high-fat diet is extended to 12 weeks. Together, these results demonstrate that SIRT1 plays an essential role in regulating mood-related behaviors in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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