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Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Orlicky DJ, Davidson E, Aalizadeh R, Sun N, Ginsberg G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Chen Y. CYP2E1 in 1,4-dioxane metabolism and liver toxicity: insights from CYP2E1 knockout mice study. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3241-3257. [PMID: 39192018 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX), an emerging water contaminant, is classified as a Group 2B liver carcinogen based on animal studies. Understanding of the mechanisms of action of DX liver carcinogenicity is important for the risk assessment and control of this environmental pollution. Previous studies demonstrate that high-dose DX exposure in mice through drinking water for up to 3 months caused liver mild cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage, a process correlating with hepatic CYP2E1 induction and elevated oxidative stress. To access the role of CYP2E1 in DX metabolism and liver toxicity, in the current study, male and female Cyp2e1-null mice were exposed to DX in drinking water (5000 ppm) for 1 week or 3 months. DX metabolism, redox and molecular investigations were subsequently performed on male Cyp2e1-null mice for cross-study comparisons to similarly treated male wildtype (WT) and glutathione (GSH)-deficient Gclm-null mice. Our results show that Cyp2e1-null mice of both genders were resistant to DX-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity. In male Cyp2e1-null mice exposed to DX for 3 months, firstly, DX metabolism to β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid was reduced to ~ 36% of WT levels; secondly, DX-induced hepatic redox dysregulation (lipid peroxidation, GSH oxidation, and activation of NRF2 antioxidant response) was substantially attenuated; thirdly, liver oxidative DNA damage was at a comparable level to DX-exposed WT mice, accompanied by suppression of DNA damage repair response; lastly, no aberrant proliferative or preneoplastic lesions were noted in DX-exposed livers. Overall, this study reveals, for the first time, that CYP2E1 is the main enzyme for DX metabolism at high dose and a primary contributor to DX-induced liver oxidative stress and associated cytotoxicity. High dose DX-induced genotoxicity may occur via CYP2E1-independent pathway(s), potentially involving impaired DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gary Ginsberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
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Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M, Schnabl B. Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:556-571. [PMID: 38831008 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts metabolic actions on distal tissues and organs outside the intestine, partly through microbial metabolites that diffuse into the circulation. The disruption of gut homeostasis results in changes to microbial metabolites, and more than half of the variance in the plasma metabolome can be explained by the gut microbiome. Ethanol is a major microbial metabolite that is produced in the intestine of nearly all individuals; however, elevated ethanol production is associated with pathological conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and auto-brewery syndrome, in which the liver's capacity to metabolize ethanol is surpassed. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms underlying excessive ethanol production in the gut and the role of ethanol catabolism in mediating pathogenic effects of ethanol on the liver and host metabolism. We conclude by discussing approaches to target excessive ethanol production by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabeter Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hatta W, Koike T, Asano N, Hatayama Y, Ogata Y, Saito M, Jin X, Uno K, Imatani A, Masamune A. The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7854. [PMID: 39063094 PMCID: PMC11276971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori is considered the principal cause of gastric cancers, but evidence has accumulated regarding the impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on the development of gastric cancers. Several possible mechanisms, including the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, have been proposed for smoking-induced gastric carcinogenesis. On the other hand, local acetaldehyde exposure and ethanol-induced mucosal inflammation have been proposed as the mechanisms involved in the development of gastric cancers in heavy alcohol drinkers. In addition, genetic polymorphisms are also considered to play a pivotal role in smoking-related and alcohol-related gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of gastric cancers in relation to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, 47-1 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori 981-1293, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Senescence Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Natori 981-1293, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatayama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Yohei Ogata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Xiaoyi Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (X.J.); (K.U.); (A.I.); (A.M.)
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4
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Zeng Q, Gong Y, Zhu N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Qin L. Lipids and lipid metabolism in cellular senescence: Emerging targets for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102294. [PMID: 38583577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a kind of cellular state triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli, which is mainly characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Once senescent cells accumulate in tissues, they may eventually accelerate the progression of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, chronic lung diseases, cancers, etc. Recent studies have shown that the disorders of lipid metabolism are not only related to age-related diseases, but also regulate the cellular senescence process. Based on existing research evidences, the changes in lipid metabolism in senescent cells are mainly concentrated in the metabolic processes of phospholipids, fatty acids and cholesterol. Obviously, the changes in lipid-metabolizing enzymes and proteins involved in these pathways play a critical role in senescence. However, the link between cellular senescence, changes in lipid metabolism and age-related disease remains to be elucidated. Herein, we summarize the lipid metabolism changes in senescent cells, especially the senescent cells that promote age-related diseases, as well as focusing on the role of lipid-related enzymes or proteins in senescence. Finally, we explore the prospect of lipids in cellular senescence and their potential as drug targets for preventing and delaying age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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5
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Chen X, Yang W, Roberts CWM, Zhang J. Developmental origins shape the paediatric cancer genome. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:382-398. [PMID: 38698126 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, technological advances have brought unprecedented insights into the paediatric cancer genome revealing characteristics distinct from those of adult cancer. Originating from developing tissues, paediatric cancers generally have low mutation burden and are driven by variants that disrupt the transcriptional activity, chromatin state, non-coding cis-regulatory regions and other biological functions. Within each tumour, there are multiple populations of cells with varying states, and the lineages of some can be tracked to their fetal origins. Genome-wide genetic screening has identified vulnerabilities associated with both the cell of origin and transcription deregulation in paediatric cancer, which have become a valuable resource for designing new therapeutic approaches including those for small molecules, immunotherapy and targeted protein degradation. In this Review, we present recent findings on these facets of paediatric cancer from a pan-cancer perspective and provide an outlook on future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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6
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Ma K, Yi X, Yang ST, Zhu H, Liu TY, Jia SS, Fan JH, Hu DJ, Lv GP, Huang H. Isolation, purification, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and its therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130988. [PMID: 38518942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a famous edible and medicinal plants, in which polysaccharides are recognized as one of the important active ingredients. A neutral polysaccharide (CPP-1) was purified from C. pilosula. The structure was characterized by HPSEC-MALLS-RID, UV, FT-IR, GC-MS, methylation analysis, and NMR. The results showed that CPP-1 was a homogeneous pure polysaccharide, mainly containing fructose and glucose, and a small amount of arabinose. Methylation analysis showed that CPP-1 composed of →1)-Fruf-(2→, Fruf-(1→ and Glcp-(1→ residues. Combined the NMR results the structure of CPP-1 was confirmed as α-D-Glcp-(1 → [2)-β-D-Fruf-(1 → 2)-β-D-Fruf-(1]26 → 2)-β-D-Fruf with the molecular weight of 4.890 × 103 Da. The model of AML12 hepatocyte fat damage was established in vitro. The results showed that CPP-1 could increase the activity of SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of MDA, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Subsequently, the liver protective effect of CPP-1 was studied in the mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by the high-fat diet. The results showed that CPP-1 significantly reduced the body weight, liver index, and body fat index of NAFLD mice, and significantly improved liver function. Therefore, CPP-1 should be a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si-Si Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Fan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - De-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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7
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Gómez-Cabrera AS, González-Santiago AE, Rodríguez-Mora JF, Zúñiga-González GM, Gómez-Meda BC, Baptista-Rosas RC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Mercado-Sesma AR, Zúñiga LY, Sánchez-Parada MG. Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid. Biomedicines 2024; 12:352. [PMID: 38397954 PMCID: PMC10886587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. METHODS The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Salvador Gómez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Elizabeth González-Santiago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Rodríguez-Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Cuauhtémoc Baptista-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
- Unidad de Intervención de Medicina Crítica, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Arieh Roldán Mercado-Sesma
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - Laura Yareni Zúñiga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico (R.C.-A.); (L.Y.Z.)
| | - María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.S.G.-C.); (J.F.R.-M.)
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Kuroda K, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Matsushita K, Masumura KI, Nohmi T, Umemura T. Possible contribution of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine to gene mutations in the kidney DNA of gpt delta rats following potassium bromate treatment. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 894:503729. [PMID: 38432777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is well known not only as an effective biomarker of oxidative stress but also as a mutagenic DNA modification. Incorporation of dAMP at the opposite site of 8-OHdG induces G>T or A>C transversions. However, in vivo analyses of gene mutations caused by potassium bromate (KBrO3), which can induce 8-OHdG at carcinogenic target sites, showed that G>T was prominent in the small intestines of mice, but not in the kidneys of rats. Because KBrO3 was a much clearer carcinogen in the kidneys of rats, detailed analyses of gene mutations in the kidney DNA of rats treated with KBrO3 could improve our understanding of oxidative stress-mediated carcinogenesis. In the current study, site-specific reporter gene mutation assays were performed in the kidneys of gpt delta rats treated with KBrO3. Groups of 5 gpt delta rats were treated with KBrO3 at concentrations of 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm in the drinking water for 9 weeks. At necropsy, the kidneys were macroscopically divided into the cortex and medulla. 8-OHdG levels in DNA extracted from the cortex were dramatically elevated at concentrations of 250 ppm and higher compared with those from the medulla. Cortex-specific increases in mutant frequencies in gpt and red/gam genes were found at 500 ppm. Mutation spectrum and sequence analyses of their mutants demonstrated significant elevations in A>T transversions in the gpt gene and single base deletions at guanine or adenine in the gpt or red/gam genes. While A>T transversions and single base deletions of adenine may result from the oxidized modification of adenine, the contribution of 8-OHdG to gene mutations was limited despite possible participation of the 8-OHdG repair process in guanine deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kuroda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Aki Kijima
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan; Faculty of Animal Health Technology, Yamzaki University of Animal Health Technology, 4-7-2 Minamiosawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Fujita K, Morishita A, Oura K, Ono M, Himoto T, Masaki T. Alcohol-related cancer morbidity and mortality are stratified using modified albumin platelet product. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1052. [PMID: 38200049 PMCID: PMC10781945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is associated with several diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and extrahepatic malignancies. Recently, we reported albumin platelet product (APP) and modified APP (mAPP) as novel indices of liver fibrosis staging and prognosis in patients without alcoholic liver diseases. This retrospective cohort study aimed to extend application of APP and mAPP in prognosis prediction of patients with alcoholic liver diseases. We enrolled 222 patients with alcoholic liver diseases based on their medical records. Cut-off values of APP = 4.349 and mAPP = 2.484 were adopted based on a past report. Hazard ratios of APP and mAPP were compared to those of albumin-bilirubin score and fibrosis-4 index. The primary and secondary endpoints were carcinogenesis and death, respectively. Thus, APP = 4.349 and mAPP = 2.484 significantly differentiated cancer-free survival and overall survival in univariate analysis. Hazard ratios of mAPP = 2.484 were greater than those of the albumin-bilirubin score of -2.270 and fibrosis-4 index of 3.25. Multivariate analysis revealed mAPP = 2.484 as an independent risk factor for carcinogenesis and overall death. In conclusion, mAPP is a simple index to stratify patient's risk for carcinogenesis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Saiwai 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8521, Japan.
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Saiwai 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8521, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Saiwai 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8521, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Saiwai 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8521, Japan
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1 Hara, Mure, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Saiwai 1-1, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8521, Japan
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10
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Tanaka T, Aoki R, Terasaki M. Potential Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Combination of Phytochemicals against Cancer Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1591. [PMID: 38004456 PMCID: PMC10674766 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of epithelial malignancies are sporadic and are related to lifestyle. Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between cancer incidence and fruit and vegetable intake. Numerous preclinical studies using in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo animal models of oncogenesis have reported the chemopreventive effects of dietary phytochemical agents through alterations in different biomarkers and signaling pathways. However, there is contrasting evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials. To date, the most studied compounds include curcumin, resveratrol, isoflavones, green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate), black raspberry powder (anthocyanins and ellagitannins), bilberry extract (anthocyanins), ginger extract (gingerol derivatives), and pomegranate extract (ellagitannins and ellagic acid). Overall, the clinical evidence of the preventive effects of dietary phytochemicals against cancer development is still weak, and the amount of these phytochemicals needed to exert chemopreventive effects largely exceeds the common dietary doses. Therefore, we propose a combination treatment of natural compounds that are used clinically for another purpose in order to obtain excess inhibitory efficacy via low-dose administration and discuss the possible reasons behind the gap between preclinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Ryogo Aoki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan;
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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11
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Monageng E, Offor U, Takalani NB, Mohlala K, Opuwari CS. A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1559. [PMID: 37627554 PMCID: PMC10451682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility. To prevent Leydig cells from oxidative insults, there needs to be a balance between the ROS production and the cellular protective capacity of antioxidants. Evidence indicates that medicinal plants could improve Leydig cell function at specific concentrations under basal or OS conditions. The increased usage of medicinal plants has been considered a possible alternative treatment for male infertility. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of oxidative stress on Leydig cells as well as the effects of various medicinal plant extracts on TM3 Leydig cells. The medicinal plants of interest include Aspalathus linearis, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Morinda officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia sambesiaca, Peltophorum africanum, Ximenia caffra, Serenoa repens, Zingiber officinale, Eugenia jambolana, and a combination of dandelion and fermented rooibos (CRS-10). According to the findings obtained from studies conducted on the evaluated medicinal plants, it can, therefore, be concluded that the medicinal plants maintain the antioxidant profile of Leydig cells under basal conditions and have protective or restorative effects following exposure to oxidative stress. The available data suggest that the protective role exhibited by the evaluated plants may be attributed to their antioxidant content. Additionally, the use of the optimal dosage or concentration of the extracts in the management of oxidative stress is of the utmost importance, and the measurement of their oxidation reduction potential is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monageng
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Ugochukwu Offor
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuho Beauty Takalani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Kutullo Mohlala
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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12
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Salete-Granado D, Carbonell C, Puertas-Miranda D, Vega-Rodríguez VJ, García-Macia M, Herrero AB, Marcos M. Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Potential Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1425. [PMID: 37507963 PMCID: PMC10376811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol consumption triggers oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through its metabolites. This process leads to steatosis and liver inflammation, which are critical for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Autophagy is a regulated dynamic process that sequesters damaged and excess cytoplasmic organelles for lysosomal degradation and may counteract the harmful effects of ROS-induced oxidative stress. These effects include hepatotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and iron overload. In liver diseases, particularly ALD, macroautophagy has been implicated as a protective mechanism in hepatocytes, although it does not appear to play the same role in stellate cells. Beyond the liver, autophagy may also mitigate the harmful effects of alcohol on other organs, thereby providing an additional layer of protection against ALD. This protective potential is further supported by studies showing that drugs that interact with autophagy, such as rapamycin, can prevent ALD development in animal models. This systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis of the literature, focusing on the role of autophagy in oxidative stress regulation, its involvement in organ-organ crosstalk relevant to ALD, and the potential of autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salete-Granado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Puertas-Miranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor-José Vega-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (D.S.-G.); (C.C.); (D.P.-M.); (V.-J.V.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.B.H.)
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Trauchburg A, Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Association between Dietary Indices and Dietary Patterns and Mortality and Cancer Recurrence among Cancer Survivors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3151. [PMID: 37513568 PMCID: PMC10385219 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly; however, specific lifestyle recommendations for these patients are still sparse, including dietary approaches. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the associations between adherence to diet-quality indices and dietary patterns on overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science between 18 May 2016 and 22 May 2022 with no language restrictions. Thirty-nine studies were included for quantitative analysis, providing data from 77,412 participants. Adherence to both diet-quality indices and a healthy/prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with overall mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92, respectively) and with cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94; RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97, respectively). These associations could be observed following assessment of dietary patterns either pre- and/or postdiagnosis. For unhealthy/western dietary patterns, high adherence was associated with overall mortality (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47). Although the certainty of evidence was rated as low, we conclude that there are no reservations against high adherence to healthy dietary patterns or indices in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Trauchburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Khalatbari A, Castle JD, Li T, Shaker A. Direct and indirect effects of alcohol and its toxic metabolite acetaldehyde on human esophageal myofibroblasts and epithelial cells. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1297-1311. [PMID: 37128647 PMCID: PMC10524176 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms by which alcohol increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remain undefined. Human esophageal myofibroblasts (HEMFs) subjacent to the squamous epithelium are exposed directly to these agents via epithelial barrier defects and indirectly via factors derived from the exposed epithelium. Our aim was to investigate the cellular biology of HEMFs and HEMF-esophageal epithelial cell interactions in response to alcohol and its toxic metabolite acetaldehyde. METHODS An immortalized HEMF and a human esophageal epithelial cell line (Epi) were treated with alcohol (0 to 200 mM) or acetaldehyde (0 to 100 μM) in a cyclic fashion or incubated with supernatants collected from treated cells. Healthy cell %, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proliferation were assessed via flow cytometry, luminescence, scratch wound, and colorimetric assays, respectively. A 15-plex multiplex assay was performed on cell supernatants, followed by IL-6 and IL-8 qRT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Healthy HEMF decreased to less than 80% at 30 mM alcohol and 70 μM acetaldehyde, with microscopic changes at 40 μM acetaldehyde. HEMF ROS was detected at 100 mM alcohol and 80 μM acetaldehyde. Supernatants from 30 mM alcohol- or 40 μM acetaldehyde-treated HEMFs increased Epi proliferation more than two-fold that of lower doses. In the complementary studies, healthy Epi cells decreased to less than 80% at 50 mM and 70 μM acetaldehyde, with microscopic changes at 40 μM. Supernatants from Epi treated with 50 mM alcohol or 40 μM acetaldehyde increased HEMF proliferation more than two-fold that of lower doses. A multiplex assay of supernatants showed the greatest increase in concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in HEMFs and in Epi treated with higher doses of alcohol or acetaldehyde. Neutralization of IL-6 and IL-8 in supernatants of HEMFS and esophageal epithelial cells inhibited the proliferation of Epi and HEMFs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and acetaldehyde doses in which the majority of HEMFs and epithelial cells are healthy, elicit the production of paracrine mediators with pro-proliferative effects on neighboring cells. Understanding the effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde on HEMFs and HEMF-epithelial interactions could help to identify the molecular basis by which alcohol increases the risk for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Khalatbari
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders Center, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Joshua D. Castle
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders Center, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Tao Li
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders Center, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Anisa Shaker
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders Center, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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15
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Wei JD, Xu X. Oxidative stress in Wernicke's encephalopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1150878. [PMID: 37261263 PMCID: PMC10229051 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1150878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe life-threatening disease that occurs due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (TD). It is characterized by acute mental disorder, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. TD occurs because of the following reasons: insufficient intake, increased demand, and long-term drinking due to corresponding organ damage or failure. Recent studies showed that oxidative stress (OS) can damage organs and cause TD in the brain, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases, such as WE. In this review, we discuss the effects of TD caused by OS on multiple organ systems, including the liver, intestines, and brain in WE. We believe that strengthening the human antioxidant system and reducing TD can effectively treat WE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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16
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Shi JF, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao R, Wang Y, Liu J. Targeting ferroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, for the potential of alcohol-related liver disease therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194343. [PMID: 37214434 PMCID: PMC10196366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent cell death mode, which is different from the other types of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by a process in which fatal lipids from lipid peroxidation accumulate in cells and eventually lead to cell death. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a type of liver injury caused by excessive alcohol intake. Alcohol-related liver disease is a broad-spectrum disease category, which includes fatty liver, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular tumors. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the pathological development of non-viral liver diseases. Therefore, ferroptosis may be an ideal target for the treatment of non-viral liver diseases. In this review article, we will elaborate the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, explore the key role of ferroptosis in the Alcohol-related liver disease process, and summarize the existing targeted ferroptosis drugs and their feasibility for the treatment of Alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fen Shi
- Institute for Health Policy and Hospital Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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17
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Odriozola A, Santos-Laso A, Del Barrio M, Cabezas J, Iruzubieta P, Arias-Loste MT, Rivas C, Duque JCR, Antón Á, Fábrega E, Crespo J. Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolism and Alcohol Interplay: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097791. [PMID: 37175497 PMCID: PMC10178387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years because of the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Western population. Alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) is the most common cause of cirrhosis and constitutes the leading cause of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide. Both NAFLD and ArLD constitute well-known causes of liver damage, with some similarities in their pathophysiology. For this reason, they can lead to the progression of liver disease, being responsible for a high proportion of liver-related events and liver-related deaths. Whether ArLD impacts the prognosis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD is still a matter of debate. Nowadays, the synergistic deleterious effect of obesity and diabetes is clearly established in patients with ArLD and heavy alcohol consumption. However, it is still unknown whether low to moderate amounts of alcohol are good or bad for liver health. The measurement and identification of the possible synergistic deleterious effect of alcohol consumption in the assessment of patients with NAFLD is crucial for clinicians, since early intervention, advising abstinence and controlling cardiovascular risk factors would improve the prognosis of patients with both comorbidities. This article seeks to perform a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of both disorders and measure the impact of alcohol consumption in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Odriozola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Del Barrio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cabezas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Coral Rivas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez Duque
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ángela Antón
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Emilio Fábrega
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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18
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Hohmann N, Schröder F, Moreira B, Teng H, Burhenne J, Bruckner T, Mueller S, Haefeli WE, Seitz HK. Effect of Clomethiazole Vs. Clorazepate on Hepatic Fat and Serum Transaminase Activities in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:134-141. [PMID: 36562601 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a global health problem caused, among other factors, by oxidative stress from the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One important source of ROS is microsomal ethanol metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Inhibition of CYP2E1 by clomethiazole (CMZ) decreases oxidative stress in cell cultures and improves ALD in animal studies. Our study aimed to assess the benefits of a CYP2E1 inhibitor (clomethiazole) in detoxification of patients with ALD. METHODS Open label, randomized controlled clinical trial to study whether CYP2E1 inhibition improves ALD in the patients with alcohol use disorders admitted for alcohol detoxification therapy (ADT). Patients had to have a serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity exceeding twice the upper normal limit at time of admission and be non-cirrhotic defined by fibroscan value <12 kPa. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to ADT with either CMZ or clorazepate (CZP) for 7-10 days in a 1:1 ratio. The chlorzoxazone test of CYP2E1 activity was performed at enrolment and at 2 points during the study. RESULTS ADT improved hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter) in both groups significantly. A trend towards a greater improvement in hepatic fat content during ADT (-21.5%) was observed in the CMZ group (252 ± 48 dB/m vs. 321 ± 38 dB/m; P < 0.0001) compared with the CZP group (-13.9%; 273 ± 38 dB/m vs. 317 ± 39 dB/m; P < 0.0001). As already reported, serum AST (P < 0.004) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (P < 0.0006) significantly decreased in CMZ patients as compared with patients on CZP by the end of hospitalization. A significant correlation was found between AST (P = 0.023), ALT (P = 0.009), GGT (P = 0.039) and CAP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CMZ improves clinical biomarkers for ALD in humans most likely due to its inhibitory effect on CYP2E1. Because of its addictive potential, CMZ can only be given for a short period of time and therefore other CYP2E1 inhibitors to treat ALD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hohmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Fabian Schröder
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR) University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Bernardo Moreira
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR) University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Haidong Teng
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR) University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR) University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research (CAR) University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg 69121, Germany
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19
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Huang DQ, Mathurin P, Cortez-Pinto H, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:37-49. [PMID: 36258033 PMCID: PMC9579565 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally, alcohol per-capita consumption rose from 5.5 litres in 2005 to 6.4 litres in 2016 and is projected to increase further to 7.6 litres in 2030. In 2019, an estimated 25% of global cirrhosis deaths were associated with alcohol. The global estimated age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of alcohol-associated cirrhosis was 4.5 per 100,000 population, with the highest and lowest ASDR in Africa and the Western Pacific, respectively. The annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis ranged from 0.9% to 5.6%. Alcohol was associated with approximately one-fifth of global HCC-related deaths in 2019. Between 2012 and 2017, the global estimated ASDR for alcohol-associated cirrhosis declined, but the ASDR for alcohol-associated liver cancer increased. Measures are required to curb heavy alcohol consumption to reduce the burden of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC. Degree of alcohol intake, sex, older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gut microbial dysbiosis and genetic variants are key factors in the development of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC. In this Review, we discuss the global epidemiology, projections and risk factors for alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q Huang
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
- Unité INSERM 995, Faculté de médecine, Lille, France
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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20
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Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Zhai Z, Ravindran Menon D, Batta N, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M. Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5010. [PMID: 36291794 PMCID: PMC9599745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer mortality has declined among the general population, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. While identifying high-risk cohorts with genetic risk factors improves public health initiatives and clinical care management, recognizing modifiable risk factors such as social-environmental risk factors would also affect the methods of patient outreach and education. One major modifiable social-environmental risk factor associated with melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, not all forms of melanoma are correlated with sun exposure or occur in sun-exposed areas. Additionally, UV exposure is rarely associated with tumor progression. Another social-environmental factor, pregnancy, does not explain the sharply increased incidence of melanoma. Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is positively linked with an increased risk of cancers, including melanoma. This perspective review paper summarizes epidemiological data correlating melanoma incidence with alcohol consumption, describes the biochemical mechanisms of ethanol metabolism, and discusses how ethanol and ethanol metabolites contribute to human cancer, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nisha Batta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Davidson E, Orlicky DJ, Tanguay RL, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Chen Y. Oxidative stress, glutathione, and CYP2E1 in 1,4-dioxane liver cytotoxicity and genotoxicity: insights from animal models. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2022; 29:100389. [PMID: 37483863 PMCID: PMC10361651 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX) is an emerging drinking water contaminant worldwide, which poses a threat to public health due to its demonstrated liver carcinogenicity and potential for human exposure. The lack of drinking water standards for DX is attributed to undetermined mechanisms of DX carcinogenicity. This mini-review provides a brief discussion of a series of mechanistic studies, wherein unique mouse models were exposed to DX in drinking water to elucidate redox changes associated with DX cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The overall conclusions from these studies support a direct genotoxic effect by high dose DX and imply that oxidative stress involving CYP2E1 activation may play a causal role in DX liver genotoxicity and potentially carcinogenicity. The mechanistic data derived from these studies can serve as important references to refine the assessment of carcinogenic pathways that may be triggered at environmentally relevant low doses of DX in future animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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22
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Mishin V, Heck DE, Jan YH, Richardson JR, Laskin JD. Distinct effects of form selective cytochrome P450 inhibitors on cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenase and hydrogen peroxide generating NADPH oxidase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 455:116258. [PMID: 36174671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is their ability to generate H2O2, either directly or indirectly via superoxide anion, a reaction referred to as "NADPH oxidase" activity. H2O2 production by CYPs can lead to the accumulation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species which can compromise cellular functioning and contribute to tissue injury. Herein we determined if form selective CYP inhibitors could distinguish between the activities of the monooxygenase and NADPH oxidase activities of rat recombinant CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 and CYP1A1/2-enriched β-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver microsomes, CYP2E1-enriched isoniazide-induced rat liver microsomes and CYP3A subfamily-enriched dexamethasone-induced rat liver microsomes. In the presence of 7,8-benzoflavone (2.0 μM) for CYP1A2 and 4-methylpyrazole (32 μM) or DMSO (16 mM) for CYP2E1, monooxygenase activity was blocked without affecting NADPH oxidase activity for both the recombinant enzymes and microsomal preparations. Ketoconazole (1.0 μM), a form selective inhibitor for CYP3A subfamily enzymes, completely inhibited monooxygenase activity of rat recombinant CYP3A1/3A2 and CYP3A subfamily in rat liver microsomes; it also partially inhibited NADPH oxidase activity. 7,8-benzoflavone is a type I ligand, which competes with substrate binding, while 4-methylpyrazole and DMSO are type II heme binding ligands. Interactions of heme with these type II ligands was not sufficient to interfere with oxygen activation, which is required for NADPH oxidase activity. Ketoconazole, a type II ligand known to bind multiple sites on CYP3A subfamily enzymes in close proximity to heme, also interfered, at least in part, with oxygen activation. These data indicate that form specific inhibitors can be used to distinguish between monooxygenase reactions and H2O2 generating NADPH oxidase of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. Mechanisms by which ketoconazole inhibits CYP3A NADPH oxidase remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mishin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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23
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Hepatic, Extrahepatic and Extracellular Vesicle Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Alcohol and Acetaminophen-Mediated Adverse Interactions and Potential Treatment Options. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172620. [PMID: 36078027 PMCID: PMC9454765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and several therapeutic drugs, including acetaminophen, are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) into toxic compounds. At low levels, these compounds are not detrimental, but higher sustained levels of these compounds can lead to life-long problems such as cytotoxicity, organ damage, and cancer. Furthermore, CYP2E1 can facilitate or enhance the effects of alcohol-drug and drug-drug interactions. In this review, we discuss the role of CYP2E1 in the metabolism of alcohol and drugs (with emphasis on acetaminophen), mediating injury/toxicities, and drug-drug/alcohol-drug interactions. Next, we discuss various compounds and various nutraceuticals that can reduce or prevent alcohol/drug-induced toxicity. Additionally, we highlight experimental outcomes of alcohol/drug-induced toxicity and potential treatment strategies. Finally, we cover the role and implications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing CYP2E1 in hepatic and extrahepatic cells and provide perspectives on the clinical relevance of EVs containing CYP2E1 in intracellular and intercellular communications leading to drug-drug and alcohol-drug interactions. Furthermore, we provide our perspectives on CYP2E1 as a druggable target using nutraceuticals and the use of EVs for targeted drug delivery in extrahepatic and hepatic cells, especially to treat cellular toxicity.
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24
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Ohira H, Oikawa D, Kurokawa Y, Aoki Y, Omura A, Kiyomoto K, Nakagawa W, Mamoto R, Fujioka Y, Nakayama T. Suppression of colonic oxidative stress caused by chronic ethanol administration and attenuation of ethanol-induced colitis and gut leakiness by oral administration of sesaminol in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:9285-9298. [PMID: 35968694 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of excess ethanol is one of the major risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the pathogenesis of ethanol-related CRC (ER-CRC) involves ethanol-induced oxidative-stress and inflammation in the colon and rectum, as well as gut leakiness. In this study, we hypothesised that oral administration of sesaminol, a sesame lignan, lowers the risk of ER-CRC because we found that it is a strong antioxidant with very low prooxidant activity. This hypothesis was examined using a mouse model, in which 2.0% v/v ethanol was administered ad libitum for 2 weeks with or without oral gavage with sesaminol (2.5 mg per day). Oral sesaminol administration suppressed the ethanol-induced colonic lesions and the ethanol-induced elevation of the colonic levels of oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxyalkenals). It consistently suppressed the chronic ethanol-induced expressions of cytochrome P450-2E1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and upregulated heme oxygenase-1 expression, probably via the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 pathway in the mouse colon. Oral sesaminol administration also suppressed the chronic ethanol-induced elevation of colonic inflammation marker levels, such as those of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, probably via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Moreover, it prevented the chronic ethanol-induced gut leakiness by restoring tight junction proteins, giving rise to lower plasma endotoxin levels compared with those of ethanol-administered mice. All of these results suggest that dietary supplementation of sesaminol may lower the risk of ER-CRC by suppressing each of the above-mentioned steps in ER-CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohira
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Daiki Oikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Seiryo 2-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
| | - Ayano Omura
- Kiyomoto Co., Ltd., 6-1633 Totoro-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 889-0595, Japan
| | - Kunio Kiyomoto
- Kiyomoto Co., Ltd., 6-1633 Totoro-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 889-0595, Japan
| | - Wao Nakagawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Rie Mamoto
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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25
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of TEES-10®, a Mixture of Ethanol Extracts of Ligularia stenocephala Matsum. & Koidz. and Secale cereale L. Sprout, on Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080143. [PMID: 36005241 PMCID: PMC9406350 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory disorders caused by dental plaque and calculus. These disorders often lead to tooth loss if not treated properly. Although antibiotics can be used, it is hard to treat them due to the difficulty in supplying effective doses of antibiotics to lesion areas and side effects associated with long-term use of antibiotics. In the present study, attempts were made to provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to support anti-inflammatory activities of TEES-10®, a mixture of ethanol extracts of Ligularia stenocephala (LSE) and Secale cereale L. sprout (SCSE) toward gingivitis and periodontitis by performing the following experiments. TEES-10® with a ratio of 6:4 (LSE:SCSE) showed the best effects in both stimulating the viability and inhibiting the cytotoxicity. In in vitro experiments, TEES-10® showed an ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals and remove ROS generated in periodontal ligament cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. TEES-10® also enhanced the viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of deciduous teeth cells. In in vivo experiments using rats with induced periodontitis, TEES-10® significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and the numbers of osteoclasts, increased alveolar process volume and the numbers of osteoblasts, decreased serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokines), and increased serum levels of IL-10 and IL-13 (anti-inflammatory cytokines). These results strongly support the theory that TEES-10® has the potential to be developed as a health functional food that can treat and prevent gingival and periodontal diseases and improve dental health.
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26
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Abstract
The liver is the major target organ of continued alcohol consumption at risk and resulting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood despite decades of scientific effort limiting our abilities to identify those individuals who are at risk to develop the disease, to develop appropriate screening strategies and, in addition, to develop targeted therapeutic approaches. ALD is predestined for the newly evolving translational medicine, as conventional clinical and health care structures seem to be constrained to fully appreciate this disease. This concept paper aims at summarizing the 15 years translational experience at the Center of Alcohol Research in Heidelberg, namely based on the long-term prospective and detailed characterization of heavy drinkers with mortality data. In addition, novel experimental findings will be presented. A special focus will be the long-known hepatic iron accumulation, the somewhat overlooked role of the hematopoietic system and novel insights into iron sensing and the role of hepcidin. Our preliminary work indicates that enhanced red blood cell (RBC) turnover is critical for survival in ALD patients. RBC turnover is not primarily due to vitamin deficiency but rather to ethanol toxicity directly targeted to erythrocytes but also to the bone marrow stem cell compartment. These novel insights also help to explain long-known aspects of ALD such as mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) and elevated aspartate transaminase (GOT/AST) levels. This work also aims at identifying future projects, naming unresolved observations, and presenting novel hypothetical concepts still requiring future validation.
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27
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Park JJC, Kim DH, Kim MS, Sayed AEDH, Hagiwara A, Hwang UK, Park HG, Lee JS. Comparative genome analysis of the monogonont marine rotifer Brachionus manjavacas Australian strain: Potential application for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113752. [PMID: 35617743 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to analyze the whole-genome sequence of B. manjavacas Australian (Aus.) strain through combination of Oxford Nanopore long-read seq, resulting in a total length of 108.1 Mb and 75 contigs. Genome-wide detoxification related gene families in B. manjavacas Aus. strain were comparatively analyzed with those previously identified in other Brachionus spp., including B. manjavacas German (Ger.) strain. Most of the subfamilies in detoxification related families (CYPs, GSTs, and ABCs) were highly conserved and confirmed orthologous relationship with Brachionus spp., and with accumulation of genome data, clear differences between genomic repertoires were demonstrated the marine and the freshwater species. Furthermore, strain-specific genetic variations were present between the Aus. and Ger. strains of B. manjavacas. This whole-genome analysis provides in-depth review on the genomic structural differences for detoxification-related gene families and further provides useful information for comparative ecotoxicological studies and evolution of detoxification mechanisms in Brachionus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jun Chul Park
- Département des Sciences, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS B0W 1M0, Canada
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Abstract
EFSA was requested to deliver a statement on a recent publication revisiting the evidence for genotoxicity of acrylamide (AA). The statement was prepared by a Working Group and was endorsed by the CONTAM Panel before its final approval. In interpreting the Terms of Reference, the statement considered the modes of action underlying the carcinogenicity of AA including genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. Relevant publications since the 2015 CONTAM Panel Opinion on AA in food were reviewed. Several new studies reported positive results on the clastogenic and mutagenic properties of AA and its active metabolite glycidamide (GA). DNA adducts of GA were induced by AA exposure in experimental animals and have also been observed in humans. In addition to the genotoxicity of AA, there is evidence for both secondary DNA oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species and for non-genotoxic effects which may contribute to carcinogenesis by AA. These studies extend the information assessed by the CONTAM Panel in its 2015 Opinion, and support its conclusions. That Opinion applied the margin of exposure (MOE) approach, as recommended in the EFSA Guidance for substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic, for risk characterisation of the neoplastic effects of AA. Based on the new data evaluated, the MOE approach is still considered appropriate, and an update of the 2015 Opinion is not required at the present time.
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29
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Torres-Zárate C, Vences-Mejía A, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ, Díaz-Díaz E, Palacios-Acosta JM, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Hernández-Arrazola D, Shalkow-Klincovstein J, Jurado RR, Santes-Palacios R, Molina-Ortiz D. Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Pediatric Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Possible Role in Carcinogenesis and Treatment Response. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:234-242. [PMID: 35437033 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221085909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The 5-year relative survival rate estimate of treated patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) is ∼50% since they generally present with tumor progression, relapse, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance. The expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in malignancies can affect the pharmacology of drugs commonly used in chemotherapy or confer susceptibility to development of chemical carcinogenesis; in addition, their specific tumor expression can be used as a therapeutic target. Using qPCR and Western blot assays, the expression of CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were analyzed in a cohort of tumor tissue paired with non-malignant adjacent tissue of patients with NRSTS. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP1B1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were significantly increased in tumor tissue. We propose that the expression of these isoforms is related to carcinogenesis and chemoresistance frequently observed in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Torres-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Vences-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Díaz-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo R Jurado
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Santes-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dora Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Liu T, Pan J, Tan R, Hu Z, Gong B, Liao Y, Luo P, Zeng Q, Li W, Zheng J. DNA damage by reactive oxygen species resulting from metabolic activation of 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 443:116007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Idelfonso-García OG, Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Villa-Treviño S, Muriel P, Serrano H, Pérez-Carreón JI, Arellanes-Robledo J. Is Nucleoredoxin a Master Regulator of Cellular Redox Homeostasis? Its Implication in Different Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040670. [PMID: 35453355 PMCID: PMC9030443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN), an oxidoreductase enzyme, contributes to cellular redox homeostasis by regulating different signaling pathways in a redox-dependent manner. By interacting with seven proteins so far, namely disheveled (DVL), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), translocation protein SEC63 homolog (SEC63), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88), flightless-I (FLII), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II type alpha (CAMK2A), NXN is involved in the regulation of several key cellular processes, including proliferation, organogenesis, cell cycle progression, glycolysis, innate immunity and inflammation, motility, contraction, protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, neuronal plasticity, among others; as a result, NXN has been implicated in different pathologies, such as cancer, alcoholic and polycystic liver disease, liver fibrogenesis, obesity, Robinow syndrome, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinitis pigmentosa. Together, this evidence places NXN as a strong candidate to be a master redox regulator of cell physiology and as the hub of different redox-sensitive signaling pathways and associated pathologies. This review summarizes and discusses the current insights on NXN-dependent redox regulation and its implication in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osiris Germán Idelfonso-García
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, ‘Benito Juárez’ Autonomous University of Oaxaca–UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (V.R.V.-G.); (R.B.-H.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute–CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Serrano
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine–INMEGEN, Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (O.G.I.-G.); (B.R.A.-S.); (J.I.P.-C.)
- Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology–CONACYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900 (ext. 1218)
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Qi Y, Toyooka T, Horiguchi H, Koda S, Wang R. 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole generates γ‐H2AX via CYP2E1‐dependent production of reactive oxygen species in urothelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23043. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Qi
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hyogo Horiguchi
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigeki Koda
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rui‐Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
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Yin T, Xu F, Shi S, Liao S, Tang X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li X. Vitamin D mediates the association between acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers and obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17162-17172. [PMID: 34661844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediation analysis aims to discover the role of intermediate variables from exposure to disease. The current study was performed to evaluate how vitamin D mediates the association between acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers and obesity. Data were collected on 10,377 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 and 2013-2014 aged ≥ 18 years. Obesity was assessed through body mass index and abdominal circumference measurements. Generalized linear and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to estimate the association between vitamin D and acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers, and the mediation effect of vitamin D was also discussed. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, vitamin D had strong negative associations with serum concentrations of acrylamide hemoglobin adducts (HbAA, HbGA, and HbAA + HbGA). The RCS plots demonstrated that vitamin D was inversely and nonlinearly associated with HbAA and HbAA + HbGA while inversely and linearly associated with HbGA, and also a striking difference when vitamin D was lower than 60 nmol/L. Mediation analysis suggested that a negative correlation between acrylamide and obesity was mediated by vitamin D. The current study is expected to offer a fresh perspective on reducing the toxicity of acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaosu Tang
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Zhangong district, Ganzhou city, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Orlicky DJ, Davidson E, Wan F, Ginsberg G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in 1,4-dioxane liver toxicity as evidenced in a mouse model of glutathione deficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150703. [PMID: 34600989 PMCID: PMC8633123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX) is a synthetic chemical used as a stabilizer for industrial solvents. Recent occurrence data show widespread and significant contamination of drinking water with DX in the US. DX is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 2B carcinogen with the primary target organ being the liver in animal studies. Despite the exposure and cancer risk, US EPA has not established a drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for DX and a wide range of drinking water targets have been established across the US and by Health Canada. The DX carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown; this information gap contributes to the varied approaches to its regulation. Our recent mice study indicated alterations in oxidative stress response accompanying DNA damage as an early change by high dose DX (5000 ppm) in drinking water. Herein, we report a follow-up study, in which we used glutathione (GSH)-deficient glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice to investigate the role of redox homeostasis in DX-induced liver cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Gclm-null and wild-type mice were exposed to DX for one week (1000 mg/kg/day by oral gavage) or three months (5000 ppm in drinking water). Subchronic exposure of high dose DX caused mild liver cytotoxicity. DX induced assorted molecular changes in the liver including: (i) a compensatory nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) anti-oxidative response at the early stage (one week), (ii) progressive CYP2E1 induction, (iii) development of oxidative stress, as evidenced by persistent NRF2 induction, oxidation of GSH pool, and accumulation of the lipid peroxidation by-product 4-hydroxynonenal, and (iv) elevations in oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair response. These DX-elicited changes were exaggerated in GSH-deficient mice. Collectively, the current study provides additional evidence linking redox dysregulation to DX liver genotoxicity, implying oxidative stress as a candidate mechanism of DX liver carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fengjie Wan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gary Ginsberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Cioarca-Nedelcu R, Atanasiu V, Stoian I. Alcoholic liver disease-from steatosis to cirrhosis - a biochemistry approach. J Med Life 2022; 14:594-599. [PMID: 35027961 PMCID: PMC8742892 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chronic alcoholism and its health implications represent a global concern. Over three million deaths are linked to chronic alcohol intake every year. This article aims to spread awareness about the negative impact ethanol can have on almost every organ in the body, especially the liver. Understanding ethanol metabolism and the cellular pathways through which alcohol increases liver oxidative stress may prevent a broad spectrum of hepatic lesions such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis. After a short review of ethanol metabolism and liver oxidative stress, each hepatic lesion will be individually discussed regarding the mechanism of apparition, treatment, and future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeriu Atanasiu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stoian
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Liver Injury in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020774. [PMID: 35054960 PMCID: PMC8775426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver transplantation. Therefore, extensive studies (in vitro, in experimental ALD models and in humans) are needed to elucidate pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALD. Notably, oxidative changes in the liver have been recognized as a signature trait of ALD. Progression of ALD is linked to the generation of highly reactive free radicals by reactions involving ethanol and its metabolites. Furthermore, hepatic oxidative stress promotes tissue injury and, in turn, stimulates inflammatory responses in the liver, forming a pathological loop that promotes the progression of ALD. Accordingly, accumulating further knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation may help establish a viable therapeutic approach for treating ALD.
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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Pi A, Jiang K, Ding Q, Lai S, Yang W, Zhu J, Guo R, Fan Y, Chi L, Li S. Alcohol Abstinence Rescues Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury via Improving Metabolic Reprogramming in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752148. [PMID: 34603062 PMCID: PMC8481816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) caused by chronic ethanol overconsumption is a common type of liver disease with a severe mortality burden throughout the world. The pathogenesis of ALD is complex, and no effective clinical treatment for the disease has advanced so far. Prolonged alcohol abstinence is the most effective therapy to attenuate the clinical course of ALD and even reverse liver damage. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in alcohol abstinence-improved recovery from alcoholic fatty liver remain unclear. This study aims to systematically evaluate the beneficial effect of alcohol abstinence on pathological changes in ALD. Methods: Using the Lieber-DeCarli mouse model of ALD, we analysed whether 1-week alcohol withdrawal reversed alcohol-induced detrimental alterations, including oxidative stress, liver injury, lipids metabolism, and hepatic inflammation, by detecting biomarkers and potential targets. Results: Alcohol withdrawal ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis by improving liver lipid metabolism reprogramming via upregulating phosphorylated 5′-AMP -activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and downregulating fatty acid synthase (FAS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were significantly enhanced by alcohol withdrawal. Importantly, the abstinence recovered alcohol-fed induced liver injury, as evidenced by the improvements in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver weight/body weight ratio. Alcohol-stimulated toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases (TLR4/MAPKs) were significantly reversed by alcohol withdrawal, which might mechanistically contribute to the amelioration of liver injury. Accordingly, the hepatic inflammatory factor represented by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was improved by alcohol abstinence. Conclusion: In summary, we reported that alcohol withdrawal effectively restored hepatic lipid metabolism and reversed liver injury and inflammation by improving metabolism reprogramming. These findings enhanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the beneficial role of alcohol abstinence as an effective treatment for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Pi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanglei Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Chi
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Umamaheswari S, Priyadarshinee S, Bhattacharjee M, Kadirvelu K, Ramesh M. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced gene modulated biological responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:128592. [PMID: 33077188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The substantial increase in the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic ecosystem has been recognized as an emerging concern today. Studies have revealed the toxicity of microplastics on behavior, physiology, and reproduction of fishes. Despite several reports, there are inadequate literature reports on the impact of microplastics on aquatic forms at the molecular level. The present study was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in adult zebrafish model system. Healthy fishes were exposed to different concentrations (10 and 100 μg L-1) of PS-MPs for 35 d. The results revealed that PS-MPs exposure induced ROS (Reactive oxygen species) generation disrupting the antioxidant defense system, hepatic enzymology, and neurotransmission. Correspondingly, the histological studies showed PS-MPs induced histopathological lesions, including inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage, in the brain and liver tissues of zebrafish. Furthermore, PS-MPs exposure significantly upregulated the expressions of gstp1, hsp70l, and ptgs2a gene along with the downregulation of cat, sod1, gpx1a, and ache genes. Therefore, the present study illustrates the potential of PS-MPs to induce different grades of toxic impacts in fishes by altering its metabolic mechanism, histological architecture, and gene regulation pattern through ROS induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheela Priyadarshinee
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Monojit Bhattacharjee
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
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40
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Rumgay H, Murphy N, Ferrari P, Soerjomataram I. Alcohol and Cancer: Epidemiology and Biological Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:3173. [PMID: 34579050 PMCID: PMC8470184 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 4% of cancers worldwide are caused by alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol increases the risk of several cancer types, including cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, and breast. In this review, we summarise the epidemiological evidence on alcohol and cancer risk and the mechanistic evidence of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis. There are several mechanistic pathways by which the consumption of alcohol, as ethanol, is known to cause cancer, though some are still not fully understood. Ethanol's metabolite acetaldehyde can cause DNA damage and block DNA synthesis and repair, whilst both ethanol and acetaldehyde can disrupt DNA methylation. Ethanol can also induce inflammation and oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and further DNA damage. One-carbon metabolism and folate levels are also impaired by ethanol. Other known mechanisms are discussed. Further understanding of the carcinogenic properties of alcohol and its metabolites will inform future research, but there is already a need for comprehensive alcohol control and cancer prevention strategies to reduce the burden of cancer attributable to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Rumgay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (N.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
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41
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Johnson CH, Golla JP, Dioletis E, Singh S, Ishii M, Charkoftaki G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34503214 PMCID: PMC8431530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is complex. Approximately, 10% of individuals with CRC have predisposing germline mutations that lead to familial cancer syndromes, whereas most CRC patients have sporadic cancer resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. It has become increasingly clear that chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the development of sporadic CRC; however, the exact mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis are largely unknown. Several proposed mechanisms from studies in CRC models suggest that alcohol metabolites and/or enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism alter cellular redox balance, cause DNA damage, and epigenetic dysregulation. In addition, alcohol metabolites can cause a dysbiotic colorectal microbiome and intestinal permeability, resulting in bacterial translocation, inflammation, and immunosuppression. All of these effects can increase the risk of developing CRC. This review aims to outline some of the most significant and recent findings on the mechanisms of alcohol in colorectal carcinogenesis. We examine the effect of alcohol on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the development of genotoxic stress, modulation of one-carbon metabolism, disruption of the microbiome, and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Evangelos Dioletis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (C.H.J.); (J.P.G.); (E.D.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (G.C.); (D.C.T.)
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Hoes L, Dok R, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. Ethanol-Induced Cell Damage Can Result in the Development of Oral Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153846. [PMID: 34359747 PMCID: PMC8345464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption is linked to 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide. Despite this clear causal relationship, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ethanol damages cells are still under investigation. It is well-established that the metabolism of ethanol plays an important role. Ethanol metabolism yields reactive metabolites that can directly damage the DNA. If the damage is repaired incorrectly, mutations can be fixed in the DNA sequence. Whenever mutations affect key regulatory genes, for instance cell cycle regulating genes, uncontrolled cell growth can be the consequence. Recently, global patterns of mutations have been identified. These so-called mutational signatures represent a fingerprint of the different mutational processes over time. Interestingly, there were ethanol-related signatures discovered that did not associate with ethanol metabolism. This finding highlights there might be other molecular effects of ethanol that are yet to be discovered. Abstract Alcohol consumption is an underestimated risk factor for the development of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Although alcohol is a well-accepted recreational drug, 26.4% of all lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide are related to heavy drinking. Molecular mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic effect of ethanol are still under investigation. An important damaging effect comes from the first metabolite of ethanol, being acetaldehyde. Concentrations of acetaldehyde detected in the oral cavity are relatively high due to the metabolization of ethanol by oral microbes. Acetaldehyde can directly damage the DNA by the formation of mutagenic DNA adducts and interstrand crosslinks. Additionally, ethanol is known to affect epigenetic methylation and acetylation patterns, which are important regulators of gene expression. Ethanol-induced hypomethylation can activate the expression of oncogenes which subsequently can result in malignant transformation. The recent identification of ethanol-related mutational signatures emphasizes the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-associated carcinogenesis. However, not all signatures associated with alcohol intake also relate to acetaldehyde. This finding highlights that there might be other effects of ethanol yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.H.); (K.J.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1634-7600; Fax: +32-1634-7623
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CYP2E1 in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury. Roles of ROS, Reactive Intermediates and Lipid Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158221. [PMID: 34360999 PMCID: PMC8348366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 is one of the fifty-seven cytochrome P450 genes in the human genome and is highly conserved. CYP2E1 is a unique P450 enzyme because its heme iron is constitutively in the high spin state, allowing direct reduction of, e.g., dioxygen, causing the formation of a variety of reactive oxygen species and reduction of xenobiotics to toxic products. The CYP2E1 enzyme has been the focus of scientific interest due to (i) its important endogenous function in liver homeostasis, (ii) its ability to activate procarcinogens and to convert certain drugs, e.g., paracetamol and anesthetics, to cytotoxic end products, (iii) its unique ability to effectively reduce dioxygen to radical species causing liver injury, (iv) its capability to reduce compounds, often generating radical intermediates of direct toxic or indirect immunotoxic properties and (v) its contribution to the development of alcoholic liver disease, steatosis and NASH. In this overview, we present the discovery of the enzyme and studies in humans, 3D liver systems and genetically modified mice to disclose its function and clinical relevance. Induction of the CYP2E1 enzyme either by alcohol or high-fat diet leads to increased severity of liver pathology and likelihood to develop ALD and NASH, with subsequent influence on the occurrence of hepatocellular cancer. Thus, fat-dependent induction of the enzyme might provide a link between steatosis and fibrosis in the liver. We conclude that CYP2E1 has many important physiological functions and is a key enzyme for hepatic carcinogenesis, drug toxicity and liver disease.
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Umamaheswari S, Priyadarshinee S, Kadirvelu K, Ramesh M. Polystyrene microplastics induce apoptosis via ROS-mediated p53 signaling pathway in zebrafish. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109550. [PMID: 34126101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is ubiquitous and has become an emerging threat to aquatic biota. Recent scientific reports have recorded their toxic impacts at the cellular and organism levels, but the underlying molecular mechanism of their toxicity remains unclear. The present study elucidates an array of molecular events underlying apoptosis in the gills of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio). PS-MPs at different concentrations (10 and 100 μg L-1) induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in turn affecting the oxidative and immune defense mechanism. The expression profile of antioxidant genes cat, sod1, gpx1a and gstp1 were altered significantly. PS-MPs also significantly inhibited the neurotransmission in zebrafish. In addition, the PS-MPs exposure upregulated the expression of p53, gadd45ba, and casp3b resulting in apoptosis. We demonstrate that PS-MPs significantly upregulate the transcriptional pattern of tnfa and ptgs2a which are essential gene markers in inflammatory mechanism. Further, the oxidative damage induced by PS-MPs exposure could lead to cytological damage resulting in altered lamellar structures, capillary dilation, and necrosis in gill histomaps. In conclusion, the findings of this work strongly suggest that PS-MPs induce dose-and time-dependent ROS mediated apoptotic responses in zebrafish. Furthermore, the physiological responses observed in the gills correlate with the above observations and helps in unravelling the potential molecular mechanism underpinning the PS-MPs toxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisaran Umamaheswari
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Sheela Priyadarshinee
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Krishna Kadirvelu
- DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
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Ekuban A, Zong C, Ekuban FA, Kimura Y, Takizawa R, Morikawa K, Kinoshita K, Ichihara S, Ohsako S, Ichihara G. Role of Macrophages in Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage in 1,2-Dichloropropane-Exposed Human Cholangiocytes In Vitro. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060128. [PMID: 34205922 PMCID: PMC8228395 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP), a synthetic chlorinated organic compound, was extensively used in the past in offset color proof-printing. In 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified 1,2-DCP from its initial Group 3 to Group 1. Prior to the reclassification, cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed in a group of workers exposed to 1,2 -DCP in an offset color proof-printing company in Japan. In comparison with other forms of cholangiocarcinoma, 1,2-DCP-induced cholangiocarcinoma was of early onset and accompanied by extensive pre-cancerous lesions in large bile ducts. However, the mechanism of 1,2-DCP-induced cholangiocarcinoma is poorly understood. Inflammatory cell proliferation was observed in various sites of the bile duct in the noncancerous hepatic tissues of the 1,2-DCP-induced cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the mechanism of 1,2-DCP-related cholangiocarcinogenesis. We applied an in vitro system to investigate the effects of 1,2-DCP, using MMNK-1 cholangiocytes cultured alone or with THP-1 macrophages. The cultured cells were exposed to 1,2-DCP at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mM for 24 h, and then assessed for cell proliferation, cell cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and ROS production. Exposure to 1,2-DCP increased proliferation of MMNK-1 cholangiocytes cultured alone, but not those cultured with macrophages. 1,2-DCP also increased LDH cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and ROS production in MMNK-1 cholangiocytes co-cultured with macrophages but not those cultured alone. 1,2-DCP increased TNFα and IL-1β protein expression in macrophages. The results highlight the role of macrophages in enhancing the effects of 1,2-DCP on cytotoxicity, ROS production, and DNA damage in cholangiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ekuban
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Frederick Adams Ekuban
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Ryoya Takizawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Kota Morikawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuo Kinoshita
- Evolutionary Medicine, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan;
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Seiichiroh Ohsako
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (A.E.); (C.Z.); (F.A.E.); (Y.K.); (R.T.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu SY, Tsai IT, Hsu YC. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5170. [PMID: 34068269 PMCID: PMC8153142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to the liver damage occurring due to excessive alcohol consumption and involves a broad spectrum of diseases that includes liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of ALD is mainly associated with the amount and duration of alcohol usage; however, it is also influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The definite diagnosis of ALD is based on a liver biopsy, although several non-invasive diagnostic tools and serum biomarkers have emerging roles in the early detection of ALD. While alcohol abstinence and nutritional support remain the cornerstone of ALD treatment, growing evidence has revealed that the therapeutic agents that target oxidative stress or gut-liver axis, inflammatory response inhibition, and liver regeneration enhancement also play a role in ALD management. Furthermore, microRNAs modulation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy have emerging potential as ALD therapeutic options. This review summarizes the updated understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yi Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Zhao L, Mehmood A, Yuan D, Usman M, Murtaza MA, Yaqoob S, Wang C. Protective Mechanism of Edible Food Plants against Alcoholic Liver Disease with Special Mention to Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051612. [PMID: 34064981 PMCID: PMC8151346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one type of liver disease, causing a global healthcare problem and mortality. The liver undergoes tissue damage by chronic alcohol consumption because it is the main site for metabolism of ethanol. Chronic alcohol exposure progresses from alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), which further lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular cancer. Therapeutic interventions to combat ALD are very limited such as use of corticosteroids. However, these therapeutic drugs are not effective for long-term usage. Therefore, additional effective and safe therapies to cope with ALD are urgently needed. Previous studies confirmed that edible food plants and their bioactive compounds exert a protective effect against ALD. In this review article, we summarized the hepatoprotective potential of edible food plants and their bioactive compounds. The underlying mechanism for the prevention of ALD by edible food plants was as follows: anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, gut microbiota composition modulation, and anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6898-4547
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Punjab 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Intersection between Redox Homeostasis and Autophagy: Valuable Insights into Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050694. [PMID: 33924878 PMCID: PMC8146521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a main degradation pathway for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and redox homeostasis have recently been considered to play protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons can induce mitochondrial damage and protein aggregation, thereby resulting in neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress is one of the major activation signals for the induction of autophagy. Upon activation, autophagy can remove ROS, damaged mitochondria, and aggregated proteins from the cells. Thus, autophagy can be an effective strategy to maintain redox homeostasis in the brain. However, the interaction between redox homeostasis and autophagy is not clearly elucidated. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the relationship between redox homeostasis and autophagy associated with neurodegenerative diseases and propose that autophagy induction through pharmacological intervention or genetic activation might be a promising strategy to treat these disorders.
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50
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Seitz HK, Neuman MG. The History of Alcoholic Liver Disease: From an Unrecognized Disease to One of the Most Frequent Diseases in Hepatology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:858. [PMID: 33669694 PMCID: PMC7921942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the history of alcoholic liver disease from the beginning of the 1950s until now. It details how the hepatotoxicity of alcohol was discovered by epidemiology and basic research primarily by using new feeding techniques in rodents and primates. The article also recognizes the pioneering work of scientists who contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease. In addition, clinical aspects, such as the development of diagnostics and treatment options for alcoholic liver disease, are discussed. Up-to-date knowledge of the mechanism of the disease in 2020 is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut K. Seitz
- Centre of Liver and Alcohol Diseases, Ethianum Clinic, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela G. Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
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