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Gaston B, Smith LA, Davis MD, Saunders J, Daniels I, Horani A, Brody SL, Giddings O, Zhao Y, Marozkina N. Antigen stasis and airway nitrosative stress in human primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L468-L476. [PMID: 38318660 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00208.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is low in most patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Decreased ciliary motion could lead to antigen stasis, increasing oxidant production and NO oxidation in the airways. This could both decrease gas phase NO and increase nitrosative stress. We studied primary airway epithelial cells from healthy controls (HCs) and patients with PCD with several different genotypes. We measured antigen clearance in fenestrated membranes exposed apically to the fluorescently labeled antigen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp1-f). We immunoblotted for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and for oxidative response enzymes. We measured headspace NO above primary airway cells without and with a PCD-causing genotype. We measured nNO and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) H2O2 in vivo. Apical Derp1-f was cleared from HC better than from PCD cells. DUOX1 expression was lower in HC than in PCD cells at baseline and after 24-h Derp1-f exposure. HC cells had less 3-NT and NO3- than PCD cells. However, NO consumption by HC cells was less than that by PCD cells; NO loss was prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and by apocynin. nNO was higher in HCs than in patients with PCD. EBC H2O2 was lower in HC than in patients with PCD. The PCD airway epithelium does not optimally clear antigens and is subject to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Oxidation associated with antigen stasis could represent a therapeutic target in PCD, one with convenient monitoring biomarkers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The PCD airway epithelium does not optimally clear antigens, and antigen exposure can lead to NO oxidation and nitrosative stress. Oxidation caused by antigen stasis could represent a therapeutic target in PCD, and there are convenient monitoring biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Laura A Smith
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Michael D Davis
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Jessica Saunders
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ivana Daniels
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Olivia Giddings
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Nadzeya Marozkina
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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2
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Jain A, Kim BR, Yu W, Moninger TO, Karp PH, Wagner BA, Welsh MJ. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins protect human airway epithelial ciliated cells from oxidative damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318771121. [PMID: 38416686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318771121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical cilia on epithelial cells defend the lung by propelling pathogens and particulates out of the respiratory airways. Ciliated cells produce ATP that powers cilia beating by densely grouping mitochondria just beneath the apical membrane. However, this efficient localization comes at a cost because electrons leaked during oxidative phosphorylation react with molecular oxygen to form superoxide, and thus, the cluster of mitochondria creates a hotspot for oxidant production. The relatively high oxygen concentration overlying airway epithelia further intensifies the risk of generating superoxide. Thus, airway ciliated cells face a unique challenge of producing harmful levels of oxidants. However, surprisingly, highly ciliated epithelia produce less reactive oxygen species (ROS) than epithelia with few ciliated cells. Compared to other airway cell types, ciliated cells express high levels of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP5. These proteins decrease mitochondrial protonmotive force and thereby reduce production of ROS. As a result, lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidant injury, decreases. However, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins exact a price for decreasing oxidant production; they decrease the fraction of mitochondrial respiration that generates ATP. These findings indicate that ciliated cells sacrifice mitochondrial efficiency in exchange for safety from damaging oxidation. Employing uncoupling proteins to prevent oxidant production, instead of relying solely on antioxidants to decrease postproduction oxidant levels, may offer an advantage for targeting a local area of intense ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Thomas O Moninger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Philip H Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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3
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Rochon ER, Xue J, Mohammed MS, Smith C, Hay-Schmidt A, DeMartino AW, Clark A, Xu Q, Lo CW, Tsang M, Tejero J, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Cytoglobin regulates NO-dependent cilia motility and organ laterality during development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8333. [PMID: 38097556 PMCID: PMC10721929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin is a heme protein with unresolved physiological function. Genetic deletion of zebrafish cytoglobin (cygb2) causes developmental defects in left-right cardiac determination, which in humans is associated with defects in ciliary function and low airway epithelial nitric oxide production. Here we show that Cygb2 co-localizes with cilia and with the nitric oxide synthase Nos2b in the zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle, and that cilia structure and function are disrupted in cygb2 mutants. Abnormal ciliary function and organ laterality defects are phenocopied by depletion of nos2b and of gucy1a, the soluble guanylate cyclase homolog in fish. The defects are rescued by exposing cygb2 mutant embryos to a nitric oxide donor or a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, or with over-expression of nos2b. Cytoglobin knockout mice also show impaired airway epithelial cilia structure and reduced nitric oxide levels. Altogether, our data suggest that cytoglobin is a positive regulator of a signaling axis composed of nitric oxide synthase-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP that is necessary for normal cilia motility and left-right patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Manush Sayd Mohammed
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Caroline Smith
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Adam Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jesus Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Yang X, Liu X, Nie Y, Zhan F, Zhu B. Oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events in RSV infection: potential protective roles of antioxidants. Virol J 2023; 20:224. [PMID: 37798799 PMCID: PMC10557227 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, can cause severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, immunocompromised individuals and elderly people. RSV is associated with an augmented innate immune response, enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and necrosis of infected cells. Oxidative stress, which is mainly characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant responses, interacts with all the pathophysiologic processes above and is receiving increasing attention in RSV infection. A gradual accumulation of evidence indicates that ROS overproduction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe RSV infection and serves as a major factor in pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, antioxidants seem to be an effective treatment for severe RSV infection. This article mainly reviews the information on oxidative stress and ROS-mediated cellular events during RSV infection for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yujun Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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5
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Campos-Gómez J, Fernandez Petty C, Mazur M, Tang L, Solomon GM, Joseph R, Li Q, Peabody Lever JE, Hussain SS, Harrod KS, Onuoha EE, Kim H, Rowe SM. Mucociliary clearance augmenting drugs block SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L493-L506. [PMID: 36809189 PMCID: PMC10042606 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00285.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is devastatingly impacting human health. A prominent component of COVID-19 is the infection and destruction of the ciliated respiratory cells, which perpetuates dissemination and disrupts protective mucociliary transport (MCT) function, an innate defense of the respiratory tract. Thus, drugs that augment MCT could improve the barrier function of the airway epithelium and reduce viral replication and, ultimately, COVID-19 outcomes. We tested five agents known to increase MCT through distinct mechanisms for activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a model of human respiratory epithelial cells terminally differentiated in an air/liquid interphase. Three of the five mucoactive compounds tested showed significant inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication. An archetype mucoactive agent, ARINA-1, blocked viral replication and therefore epithelial cell injury; thus, it was further studied using biochemical, genetic, and biophysical methods to ascertain the mechanism of action via the improvement of MCT. ARINA-1 antiviral activity was dependent on enhancing the MCT cellular response, since terminal differentiation, intact ciliary expression, and motion were required for ARINA-1-mediated anti-SARS-CoV2 protection. Ultimately, we showed that the improvement of cilia movement was caused by ARINA-1-mediated regulation of the redox state of the intracellular environment, which benefited MCT. Our study indicates that intact MCT reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its pharmacologic activation may be effective as an anti-COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Campos-Gómez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | | | - Marina Mazur
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Reny Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jacelyn E Peabody Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Shah Saddad Hussain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ezinwanne E Onuoha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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6
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Campos-Gomez J, Petty CF, Mazur M, Tang L, Solomon GM, Joseph R, Li Q, Lever JEP, Hussain S, Harrod K, Onuoha E, Kim H, Rowe SM. Mucociliary Clearance Augmenting Drugs Block SARS-Cov-2 Replication in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526308. [PMID: 36778446 PMCID: PMC9915467 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is devastatingly impacting human health. A prominent component of COVID-19 is the infection and destruction of the ciliated respiratory cells, which perpetuates dissemination and disrupts protective mucociliary transport (MCT) function, an innate defense of the respiratory tract. Thus, drugs that augment MCT could improve barrier function of the airway epithelium, reduce viral replication and, ultimately, COVID-19 outcomes. We tested five agents known to increase MCT through distinct mechanisms for activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a model of human respiratory epithelial cells terminally differentiated in an air/liquid interphase. Three of the five mucoactive compounds tested showed significant inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication. An archetype mucoactive agent, ARINA-1, blocked viral replication and therefore epithelial cell injury, thus, it was further studied using biochemical, genetic and biophysical methods to ascertain mechanism of action via improvement of MCT. ARINA-1 antiviral activity was dependent on enhancing the MCT cellular response, since terminal differentiation, intact ciliary expression and motion was required for ARINA-1-mediated anti-SARS-CoV2 protection. Ultimately, we showed that improvement of cilia movement was caused by ARINA-1-mediated regulation of the redox state of the intracellular environment, which benefited MCT. Our study indicates that Intact MCT reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its pharmacologic activation may be effective as an anti-COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Campos-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Marina Mazur
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - George M. Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Reny Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jacelyn E. Peabody Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shah Hussain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin Harrod
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ezinwanne Onuoha
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Dailah HG. Therapeutic Potential of Small Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175542. [PMID: 36080309 PMCID: PMC9458015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing and major global health problem. COPD is also the third leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) takes place when various reactive species and free radicals swamp the availability of antioxidants. Reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their counterpart antioxidants are important for host defense and physiological signaling pathways, and the development and progression of inflammation. During the disturbance of their normal steady states, imbalances between antioxidants and oxidants might induce pathological mechanisms that can further result in many non-respiratory and respiratory diseases including COPD. ROS might be either endogenously produced in response to various infectious pathogens including fungi, viruses, or bacteria, or exogenously generated from several inhaled particulate or gaseous agents including some occupational dust, cigarette smoke (CS), and air pollutants. Therefore, targeting systemic and local OS with therapeutic agents such as small molecules that can increase endogenous antioxidants or regulate the redox/antioxidants system can be an effective approach in treating COPD. Various thiol-based antioxidants including fudosteine, erdosteine, carbocysteine, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine have the capacity to increase thiol content in the lungs. Many synthetic molecules including inhibitors/blockers of protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, catalytic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase mimetics, and spin trapping agents can effectively modulate CS-induced OS and its resulting cellular alterations. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that these antioxidants have the capacity to decrease OS and affect the expressions of several pro-inflammatory genes and genes that are involved with redox and glutathione biosynthesis. In this article, we have summarized the role of OS in COPD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we have particularly focused on the therapeutic potential of numerous chemicals, particularly antioxidants in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Xia Y, Cao H, Zheng J, Chen L. Claudin-1 Mediated Tight Junction Dysfunction as a Contributor to Atopic March. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927465. [PMID: 35844593 PMCID: PMC9277052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic march refers to the phenomenon wherein the occurrence of asthma and food allergy tends to increase after atopic dermatitis. The mechanism underlying the progression of allergic inflammation from the skin to gastrointestinal (GI) tract and airways has still remained elusive. Impaired skin barrier was proposed as a risk factor for allergic sensitization. Claudin-1 protein forms tight junctions and is highly expressed in the epithelium of the skin, airways, and GI tract, thus, the downregulation of claudin-1 expression level caused by CLDN-1 gene polymorphism can mediate common dysregulation of epithelial barrier function in these organs, potentially leading to allergic sensitization at various sites. Importantly, in patients with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy, claudin-1 expression level was significantly downregulated in the skin, bronchial and intestinal epithelium, respectively. Knockdown of claudin-1 expression level in mouse models of atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma exacerbated allergic inflammation, proving that downregulation of claudin-1 expression level contributes to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that the tight junction dysfunction mediated by downregulation of claudin-1 expression level contributes to atopic march. Further validation with clinical data from patients with atopic march or mouse models of atopic march is needed. If this hypothesis can be fully confirmed, impaired claudin-1 expression level may be a risk factor and likely a diagnostic marker for atopic march. Claudin-1 may serve as a valuable target to slowdown or block the progression of atopic march.
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NO in Viral Infections: Role and Development of Antiviral Therapies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072337. [PMID: 35408735 PMCID: PMC9000700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous signaling radical that influences critical body functions. Its importance in the cardiovascular system and the innate immune response to bacterial and viral infections has been extensively investigated. The overproduction of NO is an early component of viral infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract. The production of high levels of NO is due to the overexpression of NO biosynthesis by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is involved in viral clearance. The development of NO-based antiviral therapies, particularly gaseous NO inhalation and NO-donors, has proven to be an excellent antiviral therapeutic strategy. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the multiple research studies that have been carried out to elucidate the role of NO in viral infections and to comprehensively describe the NO-based antiviral strategies that have been developed thus far. Particular attention has been paid to the potential mechanisms of NO and its clinical use in the prevention and therapy of COVID-19.
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Han YK, Kim JS, Jang G, Park KM. Cisplatin induces lung cell cilia disruption and lung damage via oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:270-277. [PMID: 34710564 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) is widely used for the treatment of cancer, but its cellular toxicity, especially in the form of oxidative stress, limits its use in multiple organs including the lungs. As a cellular organelle, cilia play an important role in cellular function and can be damaged by oxidative stress. However, the effect of cisplatin-induced lung toxicity on cilia has not yet been defined. Herein, we investigated the association of cilia and oxidative stress with cisplatin-induced lung damage. METHODS Mice were administered with cisplatin. Some mice were treated with 2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride (Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant) before the administration of cisplatin. Disruption of cilia was evaluated by the detection of ciliary proteins and fragments in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS Cisplatin caused the thickening of interalveolar septa, infiltration of immune cells into the interalveolar septa, and increased protein concentration and total cell number in the BALF. Cisplatin also increased ciliary fragments and proteins in the BALF. In the lungs, cisplatin increased the production of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, while decreasing manganese superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, and catalase expression. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO prevented cisplatin-induced lung damage, ciliary fragmentation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION By increasing oxidative stress in the lung, cisplatin induces lung cell damage, disruption of cilia, and release of disrupted cilia into the BALF. This suggests that cisplatin-induced lung damage can damage the cilia, manifesting as increased ciliary proteins in the BALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwon Han
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - GiBong Jang
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Alekseenko SI, Karpischenko S, Artyushkin S, Barashkova S, Karganov M, Anikin I, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA. A follow-up study of mucociliary clearance and trace element and mineral status in children with chronic rhinosinusitis before and three months after endoscopic sinus surgery. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126812. [PMID: 34166853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing data demonstrate the potential role of trace elements in nasal mucociliary clearance, although the association between trace element and mineral status and ciliary function in children with chronic rhinosinusitis is insufficiently studied. Therefore, the objective of the present study is evaluation of trace element and mineral status and mucociliary function in pediatric CRS patients before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS The present study involved 30 children with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. During this follow-up the patients were examined preoperatively (point 0), underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and were repeatedly examined at three months postoperatively (point 1). At both points the patients were subjected to quality-of-life assessment using SNOT-20 questionnaire; endoscopic and computer tomography examination of the nasal sinuses; evaluation of ciliary function and mucosal cytology using high-speed videomicroscopy; assessment of blood count and inflammatory markers; as well as analysis of trace element and mineral levels in whole blood, serum, and hair using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. RESULTS The obtained data demonstrate that endoscopic sinus surgery significantly improved sinonasal pathology in children with chronic rhinosinusitis, as evidenced by significantly reduced Lund-Mackay, Lund-Kennedy, and SNOT-20 scores. At the same time, no significant improvement of ciliary functions or mucosal cytology was observed postoperatively. Trace element status assessment demonstrated that postoperative serum Zn, whole blood Mg and Cu were significantly lower as compared to preoperative values. In contrast, serum Mn and Cr, as well as whole blood Cr and hair Se were characterized by a significant increase at three months postoperatively. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that serum Zn is significantly associated with the number of ciliated cells and cell viability, whereas serum Mn and whole blood Cu concentrations are inversely associated with cell viability and ciliary length, respectively. Hair Se was found to be associated with the number of neutrophils in the mucosa biopsy. CONCLUSION Redistribution of trace elements and minerals may at least partially mediate prolonged recovery of mucosal ciliary function in children with chronic rhinosinusitis in three months after functional sinus surgery, although the particular mechanisms of these alterations in trace element levels are to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Alekseenko
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, St. Petersburg, Russia; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; K.A. Raukhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Karpischenko
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, St. Petersburg, Russia; K.A. Raukhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Artyushkin
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Barashkova
- K.A. Raukhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; National Center of Morphological Diagnostic, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Anikin
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, St. Petersburg, Russia; K.A. Raukhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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12
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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14
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Gui M, Ma M, Sze-Tu E, Wang X, Koh F, Zhong ED, Berger B, Davis JH, Dutcher SK, Zhang R, Brown A. Structures of radial spokes and associated complexes important for ciliary motility. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:29-37. [PMID: 33318703 PMCID: PMC7855293 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In motile cilia, a mechanoregulatory network is responsible for converting the action of thousands of dynein motors bound to doublet microtubules into a single propulsive waveform. Here, we use two complementary cryo-EM strategies to determine structures of the major mechanoregulators that bind ciliary doublet microtubules in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We determine structures of isolated radial spoke RS1 and the microtubule-bound RS1, RS2 and the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC). From these structures, we identify and build atomic models for 30 proteins, including 23 radial-spoke subunits. We reveal how mechanoregulatory complexes dock to doublet microtubules with regular 96-nm periodicity and communicate with one another. Additionally, we observe a direct and dynamically coupled association between RS2 and the dynein motor inner dynein arm subform c (IDAc), providing a molecular basis for the control of motor activity by mechanical signals. These structures advance our understanding of the role of mechanoregulation in defining the ciliary waveform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meisheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica Sze-Tu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiangli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fujiet Koh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ellen D Zhong
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Davis
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Ray A, Jaiswal A, Dutta J, Singh S, Mabalirajan U. A looming role of mitochondrial calcium in dictating the lung epithelial integrity and pathophysiology of lung diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:111-121. [PMID: 32971294 PMCID: PMC7505072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing appreciation of mitochondria in modulating cellular homeostasis, various disease biology researchers have started exploring the detailed role of mitochondria in multiple diseases beyond neuronal and muscular diseases. In this context, emerging shreds of evidence in lung biology indicated the meticulous role of lung epithelia in provoking a plethora of lung diseases in contrast to earlier beliefs. As lung epithelia are ceaselessly exposed to the environment, they need to have multiple protective mechanisms to maintain the integrity of lung structure and function. As ciliated airway epithelium and type 2 alveolar epithelia require intense energy for executing their key functions like ciliary beating and surfactant production, it is no surprise that defects in mitochondrial function in these cells could perturb lung homeostasis and engage in the pathophysiology of lung diseases. On one hand, intracellular calcium plays the central role in executing key functions of lung epithelia, and on the other hand maintenance of intracellular calcium needs the buffering role of mitochondria. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial calcium in lung epithelia seems to be critical in lung homeostasis and could be decisive in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Ray
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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16
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Kuek LE, Lee RJ. First contact: the role of respiratory cilia in host-pathogen interactions in the airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L603-L619. [PMID: 32783615 PMCID: PMC7516383 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory cilia are the driving force of the mucociliary escalator, working in conjunction with secreted airway mucus to clear inhaled debris and pathogens from the conducting airways. Respiratory cilia are also one of the first contact points between host and inhaled pathogens. Impaired ciliary function is a common pathological feature in patients with chronic airway diseases, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections. Common respiratory pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, have been shown to target cilia and/or ciliated airway epithelial cells, resulting in a disruption of mucociliary clearance that may facilitate host infection. Despite being an integral component of airway innate immunity, the role of respiratory cilia and their clinical significance during airway infections are still poorly understood. This review examines the expression, structure, and function of respiratory cilia during pathogenic infection of the airways. This review also discusses specific known points of interaction of bacteria, fungi, and viruses with respiratory cilia function. The emerging biological functions of motile cilia relating to intracellular signaling and their potential immunoregulatory roles during infection will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Eon Kuek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Epithelial Dysfunction in Lung Diseases: Effects of Amino Acids and Potential Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:57-70. [PMID: 32761570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases affect millions of individuals all over the world. Various environmental factors, such as toxins, chemical pollutants, detergents, viruses, bacteria, microbial dysbiosis, and allergens, contribute to the development of respiratory disorders. Exposure to these factors activates stress responses in host cells and disrupt lung homeostasis, therefore leading to dysfunctional epithelial barriers. Despite significant advances in therapeutic treatments for lung diseases in the last two decades, novel interventional targets are imperative, considering the side effects and limited efficacy in patients treated with currently available drugs. Nutrients, such as amino acids (e.g., arginine, glutamine, glycine, proline, taurine, and tryptophan), peptides, and bioactive molecules, have attracted more and more attention due to their abilities to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate immune responses, thereby improving epithelial barriers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in amino acid metabolism in the lungs, as well as multifaceted functions of amino acids in attenuating inflammatory lung diseases based on data from studies with both human patients and animal models. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of physiological amino acids are likely complex and involve cell signaling, gene expression, and anti-oxidative reactions. The beneficial effects of amino acids are expected to improve the respiratory health and well-being of humans and other animals. Because viruses (e.g., coronavirus) and environmental pollutants (e.g., PM2.5 particles) induce severe damage to the lungs, it is important to determine whether dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of individual functional amino acids (e.g., arginine-HCl, citrulline, N-acetylcysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline and tryptophan) or their combinations to affected subjects may alleviate injury and dysfunction in this vital organ.
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18
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Cao Y, Chen M, Dong D, Xie S, Liu M. Environmental pollutants damage airway epithelial cell cilia: Implications for the prevention of obstructive lung diseases. Thorac Cancer 2020. [PMID: 31975505 DOI: 10.1111/tca.v11.310.1111/1759-7714.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary epithelium lining the upper and lower respiratory tract constitutes the first line of defense of the airway and lungs against inhaled pollutants and pathogens. The concerted beating of multiciliated cells drives mucociliary clearance. Abnormalities in both the structure and function of airway cilia have been implicated in obstructive lung diseases. Emerging evidence reveals a close correlation between lung diseases and environmental stimuli such as sulfur dioxide and tobacco particles. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be described. In this review, we emphasize the importance of airway cilia in mucociliary clearance and discuss how environmental pollutants affect the structure and function of airway cilia, thus shedding light on the function of airway cilia in preventing obstructive lung diseases and revealing the negative effects of environmental pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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19
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Cao Y, Chen M, Dong D, Xie S, Liu M. Environmental pollutants damage airway epithelial cell cilia: Implications for the prevention of obstructive lung diseases. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:505-510. [PMID: 31975505 PMCID: PMC7049516 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary epithelium lining the upper and lower respiratory tract constitutes the first line of defense of the airway and lungs against inhaled pollutants and pathogens. The concerted beating of multiciliated cells drives mucociliary clearance. Abnormalities in both the structure and function of airway cilia have been implicated in obstructive lung diseases. Emerging evidence reveals a close correlation between lung diseases and environmental stimuli such as sulfur dioxide and tobacco particles. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be described. In this review, we emphasize the importance of airway cilia in mucociliary clearance and discuss how environmental pollutants affect the structure and function of airway cilia, thus shedding light on the function of airway cilia in preventing obstructive lung diseases and revealing the negative effects of environmental pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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20
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Sokolowska M, Quesniaux VFJ, Akdis CA, Chung KF, Ryffel B, Togbe D. Acute Respiratory Barrier Disruption by Ozone Exposure in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31608051 PMCID: PMC6758598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone exposure causes irritation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), inflammation of the airways, and destruction of alveoli (emphysema), the gas exchange area of the lung in human and mice. This review focuses on the acute disruption of the respiratory epithelial barrier in mice. A single high dose ozone exposure (1 ppm for 1 h) causes first a break of the bronchiolar epithelium within 2 h with leak of serum proteins in the broncho-alveolar space, disruption of epithelial tight junctions and cell death, which is followed at 6 h by ROS activation, AHR, myeloid cell recruitment, and remodeling. High ROS levels activate a novel PGAM5 phosphatase dependent cell-death pathway, called oxeiptosis. Bronchiolar cell wall damage and inflammation upon a single ozone exposure are reversible. However, chronic ozone exposure leads to progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar epithelial cells and alveoli with reduced gas exchange space known as emphysema. It is further associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, resembling other environmental pollutants and cigarette smoke in pathogenesis of asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we review recent data on the mechanisms of ozone induced injury on the different cell types and pathways with a focus on the role of the IL-1 family cytokines and the related IL-33. The relation of chronic ozone exposure induced lung disease with asthma and COPD and the fact that ozone exacerbates asthma and COPD is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France.,ArtImmune SAS, Artinem, Orléans, France
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