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Vasek D, Holicek P, Galatik F, Kratochvilova A, Porubska B, Somova V, Fikarova N, Hajkova M, Prevorovsky M, Zurmanova JM, Krulova M. Immune response to cold exposure: Role of γδ T cells and TLR2-mediated inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350897. [PMID: 38988146 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian body possesses remarkable adaptability to cold exposure, involving intricate adjustments in cellular metabolism, ultimately leading to thermogenesis. However, cold-induced stress can impact immune response, primarily through noradrenaline-mediated pathways. In our study, we utilized a rat model subjected to short-term or long-term mild cold exposure to investigate systemic immune response during the cold acclimation. To provide human relevance, we included a group of regular cold swimmers in our study. Our research revealed complex relationship between cold exposure, neural signaling, immune response, and thermogenic regulation. One-day cold exposure triggered stress response, including cytokine production in white adipose tissue, subsequently activating brown adipose tissue, and inducing thermogenesis. We further studied systemic immune response, including the proportion of leukocytes and cytokines production. Interestingly, γδ T cells emerged as possible regulators in the broader systemic response, suggesting their possible contribution in the dynamic process of cold adaptation. We employed RNA-seq to gain further insights into the mechanisms by which γδ T cells participate in the response to cold. Additionally, we challenged rats exposed to cold with the Toll-like receptor 2 agonist, showing significant modulation of immune response. These findings significantly contribute to understanding of the physiological acclimation that occur in response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vasek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Galatik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kratochvilova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bianka Porubska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Somova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Fikarova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hajkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prevorovsky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka M Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Krulova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Scaffidi C, Srdic A, Konrad D, Wueest S. IL-27 increases energy storage in white adipocytes by enhancing glucose uptake and fatty acid esterification. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2276346. [PMID: 37948192 PMCID: PMC10773535 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2276346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-27 has been reported to induce thermogenesis in white adipocytes. However, it remains unknown whether IL-27-mediated adipocyte energy dissipation is paralleled by an elevated energy supply from lipids and/or carbohydrates. We hypothesized that IL-27 increases lipolysis and glucose uptake in white adipocytes, thereby providing substrates for thermogenesis. Unexpectedly, we found that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with IL-27 reduced intra- and extracellular free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and that phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was not affected by IL-27. These results were confirmed in subcutaneous white adipocytes. Further, application of IL-27 to 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased intracellular triglyceride (TG) content but not mitochondrial ATP production nor expression of enzymes involved in beta-oxidation indicating that elevated esterification rather than oxidation causes FFA disappearance. In addition, IL-27 significantly increased GLUT1 protein levels, basal glucose uptake as well as glycolytic ATP production, suggesting that increased glycolytic flux due to IL-27 provides the glycerol backbone for TG synthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggest IL-27 increases glucose uptake and TG deposition in white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scaffidi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annie Srdic
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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Daniels MA, Fischer-Posovszky P, Boschmann M, Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg R, Müller TD, Sandforth L, Frank-Podlech S, Hülskämper S, Peter A, Wabitsch M, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL. Atrial natriuretic peptide and leptin interactions in healthy men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195677. [PMID: 37455918 PMCID: PMC10348356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone secreted from the heart, controls cardiovascular and renal functions including arterial blood pressure and natriuresis. ANP also exerts metabolic effects in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle, and interacts with the secretion of adipokines. We tested the hypothesis that ANP lowers concentrations of the anorexigenic adipokine leptin in healthy humans in vivo. Methods Human ANP or matching placebo was infused intravenously (iv) into healthy men in a controlled clinical trial. Results Within 135 minutes of iv ANP infusion, we observed an acute decrease in plasma leptin levels compared to controls. Free fatty acids markedly increased with ANP infusion in vivo, indicating activated lipolysis. In human SGBS adipocytes, ANP suppressed leptin release. Discussion The study shows that the cardiac hormone ANP reduces the levels of the anorexigenic adipokine leptin in healthy humans, providing further support for ANP as a cardiomyokine in a heart - adipose tissue axis. (registered in the German Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform was granted under DRKS00024559).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Daniels
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo D. Müller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leontine Sandforth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Frank-Podlech
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hülskämper
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Chair of Aerospace Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Disease (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, Life Sciences & Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Xu J, Zhang LW, Feng H, Tang Y, Fu SQ, Liu XM, Zhu XY. The Chinese herbal medicine Dai-Zong-Fang promotes browning of white adipocytes in vivo and in vitro by activating PKA pathway to ameliorate obesity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176443. [PMID: 37251344 PMCID: PMC10211343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The global prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly. Conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into beige adipose tissue with heat-consuming characteristics, i.e., WAT browning, effectively inhibits obesity. Dai-Zong-Fang (DZF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has long been used to treat metabolic syndrome and obesity. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of DZF against obesity. Methods: In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets to establish the diet-induced obese (DIO) model. DZF (0.40 g/kg and 0.20 g/kg) and metformin (0.15 g/kg, positive control drug) were used as intervention drugs for six weeks, respectively. The effects of DZF on body size, blood glucose and lipid level, structure and morphology of adipocytes and browning of inguinal WAT (iWAT) in DIO mice were observed. In vitro, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as the model. Concentrations of DZF (0.8 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL) were selected according to the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). After 2d intervention, lipid droplet morphology was observed by BODIPY493/503 staining, and mitochondria number was observed by mito-tracker Green staining. H-89 dihydrochloride, a PKA inhibitor, was used to observe the change in browning markers' expression. The expression levels of browning markers UCP1 and PGC-1α and key molecules of PKA pathway were detected in vivo and in vitro. Results: In vivo, compared with vehicle control group, 0.40 g/kg DZF significantly reduced obesity in DIO mice from body weight, abdomen circumference, Lee's index, and WAT/body weight (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). 0.40 g/kg DZF also significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The iWAT's morphology and mitochondria were browning after DZF intervention. In HE-staining, the lipid droplets became smaller, and the number of mitochondria increased. The mitochondrial structure was remodeled under the electron microscope. The expression of UCP1, PGC-1α and PKA was elevated in iWAT detected by RT-qPCR (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). In vitro, compared with the control group, 0.8 mg/mL DZF intervention significantly increased the number of mitochondria and expression of UCP1, PGC-1α, PKA, and pCREB (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In contrast, UCP1 and PGC-1α expression were significantly reversed after adding PKA inhibitor H-89 dihydrochloride. Conclusion: DZF can promote UCP1 expression by activating the PKA pathway, thereby promoting browning of WAT, attenuating obesity, and reducing obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities, indicating that DZF has the potential to be selected as an anti-obesity drug to benefit obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Qiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ming Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santos ACC, Amaro LBR, Batista Jorge AH, Lelis SDF, Lelis DDF, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS, Andrade JMO. Curcumin improves metabolic response and increases expression of thermogenesis-associated markers in adipose tissue of male offspring from obese dams. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 563:111840. [PMID: 36592923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and dietary style in the pregnancy-lactation period may result in long-term effects on the metabolic health of the offspring, thus increasing the risk of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound that has beneficial properties on metabolism. Accordingly, this study is intended to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation in pregnant and lactating female mice on the anthropometric, metabolic and molecular parameters of the offspring fed a hyperglycemic diet. The study was conducted with 24 male mice randomized into three groups: i) control group (SD) originating from dams fed a standard diet; ii) hyperglycemic group (HGD) originating from dams fed a hyperglycemic diet; iii) curcumin group (CUR) originating from dams fed a hyperglycemic diet and supplemented with curcumin in the pregnancy-lactation period. All offspring groups were fed a hyperglycemic diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometricand biochemical parameters were measured, as well as the expression of thermogenesis-associated markers in the interscapular brown and inguinal white adipose tissues. The results showed less weight gain in the CUR group, with a concomitant reduction in food consumption compared to the HGD group. Biochemical parameters indicated lower levels of total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin for the CUR group, in addition to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The molecular evaluation indicated increased mRNA expression levels of UCP1 and PRDM16 in the brown and white adipose tissues. It is concluded that curcumin supplementation in the pregnancy-lactation period in dams with diet-induced obesity may lead to improvements in the offspring's metabolic phenotype, even if they are submitted to an obesogenic environment, possibly via thermogenesis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lílian Betânia Reis Amaro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS). State University of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah de Farias Lelis
- Graduation Course in Medical Science, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS). State University of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS). State University of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS). State University of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Nursing. State University of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Savova M, Apostolov A, Mihaylova L, Georgiev M. Modulation of adipogenesis by Polygonum hydropiper L. and P. aviculare L. extracts. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Apostol Apostolov
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya Mihaylova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Mihaylova L, Mladenova S, Savova M, Balcheva-Sivenova Z, Marchev A, Georgiev MI. PPARγ inhibition mediates Alchemilla monticola Opiz anti-adipogenic effect in human adipocytes. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Mihaylova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saveta Mladenova
- BB-NCIPD Ltd., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivka Balcheva-Sivenova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Dicer1 deficient mice exhibit premature aging and metabolic perturbations in adipocytes. iScience 2022; 25:105149. [PMID: 36185376 PMCID: PMC9523393 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases are major concern in developed countries. To avoid disabilities that accompany increased lifespan, pharmaceutical approaches are considered. Therefore, appropriate animal models are required for a better understanding of aging processes and potential in vivo assays to evaluate the impact of molecules that may delay the occurrence of age-related diseases. Few mouse models exhibiting pathological aging exist, but currently, none of them reproducibly mimics human diseases like osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunctions or sarcopenia that can be seen in some, but not all, elders. Here, we describe the premature aging phenotypes of Dicer-deficient mature animals, which exhibit an overall deterioration of many organs and tissues (skin, heart, and adipose tissue) ultimately leading to a significant reduction of their lifespan. Molecular characterization of transcriptional responses focused on the adipose tissue suggested that both canonical and non-canonical functions of DICER are involved in this process and highlight potential actionable pathways to revert it. Dicer1-deficient mice have a reduced lifespan with early age-related symptoms Mutant mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced disorders Myokines FGF21 and GDF15 are likely key regulators of adipocytes metabolism
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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Tews D, Brenner RE, Siebert R, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. 20 Years with SGBS cells - a versatile in vitro model of human adipocyte biology. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1939-1947. [PMID: 35986215 PMCID: PMC9584814 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
20 years ago, we described a human cell strain derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of an infant supposed to have Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), thus called “SGBS cells”. Since then, these cells have emerged as the most commonly used cell model for human adipogenesis and human adipocyte biology. Although these adipocyte derived stem cells have not been genetically manipulated for transformation or immortalization, SGBS cells retain their capacity to proliferate and to differentiate into adipocytes for more than 50 population doublings, providing an almost unlimited source of human adipocyte progenitor cells. Original data obtained with SGBS cells led to more than 200 peer reviewed publications comprising investigations on adipogenesis and browning, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory response, adipokine production, as well as co-culture models and cell-cell communication. In this article, we provide an update on the characterization of SGBS cells, present basic methods for their application and summarize results of a systematic literature search on original data obtained with this cell strain.
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Horino M, Ikeda K, Yamada T. The Role of Thermogenic Fat Tissue in Energy Consumption. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3166-3179. [PMID: 35877443 PMCID: PMC9317885 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissues are broadly divided into white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenic fat tissue (brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the central protein in thermogenesis, and cells that exhibit induced UCP1 expression and appear scattered throughout WAT are called beige adipocytes, and their induction in WAT is referred to as “beiging”. Beige adipocytes can differentiate from preadipocytes or convert from mature adipocytes. UCP1 was thought to contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis; however, recent studies demonstrated the presence of UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanisms. There is evidence that thermogenic fat tissue contributes to systemic energy expenditure even in human beings. This review discusses the roles that thermogenic fat tissue plays in energy consumption and offers insight into the possibility and challenges associated with its application in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Mitophagy Mediates the Beige to White Transition of Human Primary Subcutaneous Adipocytes Ex Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030363. [PMID: 35337160 PMCID: PMC8948887 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have multilocular lipid droplets, express uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, and promote energy expenditure. In rodents, when the stimulus of browning subsides, parkin-dependent mitophagy is activated and dormant beige adipocytes persist. In humans, however, the molecular events during the beige to white transition have not been studied in detail. In this study, human primary subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were differentiated to beige for 14 days, then either the beige culture conditions were applied for an additional 14 days or it was replaced by a white medium. Control white adipocytes were differentiated by their specific cocktail for 28 days. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-driven beige differentiation resulted in increased mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP1 expression, fragmentation, and respiration as compared to white. Morphology, UCP1 content, mitochondrial fragmentation, and basal respiration of the adipocytes that underwent transition, along with the induction of mitophagy, were similar to control white adipocytes. However, white converted beige adipocytes had a stronger responsiveness to dibutyril-cAMP, which mimics adrenergic stimulus, than the control white ones. Gene expression patterns showed that the removal of mitochondria in transitioning adipocytes may involve both parkin-dependent and -independent pathways. Preventing the entry of beige adipocytes into white transition can be a feasible way to maintain elevated thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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14
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Cockova Z, Honc O, Telensky P, Olsen MJ, Novotny J. Streptozotocin-Induced Astrocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Ameliorated by FTO Inhibitor MO-I-500. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3818-3828. [PMID: 34491720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, remains unclear. Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated indicating that perturbed cerebral bioenergetics and neuroinflammation may compromise cognitive functions and precedes the onset of AD and that impaired function of glial cells can likely contribute to the development of the disease. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA has been implicated in the regulation of different processes in the brain and to play a potential role in neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of the m6A machinery enzymes in a streptozotocin (STZ) model of AD in human astrocytoma CCF-STTG1 cells. We observed that STZ-treated astrocytes expressed significantly higher levels of m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and m6A reader YTHDF1 (YTH domain-containing family protein 1). Our experiments revealed that MO-I-500, a novel pharmacological inhibitor of FTO, can strongly reduce the adverse effects of STZ. Inhibition of FTO enhanced the survival of cells exposed to STZ and suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and bioenergetic disturbances induced by this compound. Overall, the results of this study indicate that perturbed m6A signaling may be contributing to AD pathogenesis, likely by compromising astrocyte bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Cockova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Honc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Telensky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mark J. Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Wei G, Sun H, Dong K, Hu L, Wang Q, Zhuang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Shao Y, Tang H, Li Z, Chen S, Lu J, Wang Y, Gan X, Zhong TP, Gui D, Hu X, Wang L, Liu J. The thermogenic activity of adjacent adipocytes fuels the progression of ccRCC and compromises anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2021-2039.e8. [PMID: 34508696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) preferentially invades into perinephric adipose tissue (PAT), a process associated with poor prognosis. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this interaction remain elusive. Here, we describe a bi-directional communication between ccRCC cells and the PAT. We found that ccRCC cells secrete parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) to promote the browning of PAT by PKA activation, while PAT-mediated thermogenesis results in the release of excess lactate to enhance ccRCC growth, invasion, and metastasis. Further, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) extensively used in the treatment of ccRCC enhanced this vicious cycle of ccRCC-PAT communication by promoting the browning of PAT. However, if this cross-communication was short circuited by the pharmacological suppression of adipocyte browning via H89 or KT5720, the anti-tumor efficacy of the TKI, sunitinib, was enhanced. These results suggest that ccRCC-PAT cross-communication has important clinical relevance, and use of combined therapy holds great promise in enhancing the efficacy of TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wei
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Libing Hu
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junxi Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinxin Gan
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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16
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Halbgebauer D, Roos J, Funcke JB, Neubauer H, Hamilton BS, Simon E, Amri EZ, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Tews D. Latent TGFβ-binding proteins regulate UCP1 expression and function via TGFβ2. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101336. [PMID: 34481123 PMCID: PMC8456047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans has been proposed as a new treatment approach for combating obesity and its associated diseases, as BAT participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic contributors driving brown adipogenesis in humans have not been fully understood. Methods Profiling the gene expression of progenitor cells from subcutaneous and deep neck adipose tissue, we discovered new secreted factors with potential regulatory roles in white and brown adipogenesis. Among these, members of the latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein (LTBP) family were highly expressed in brown compared to white adipocyte progenitor cells, suggesting that these proteins are capable of promoting brown adipogenesis. To investigate this potential, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate LTBP-deficient human preadipocytes. Results We demonstrate that LTBP2 and LTBP3 deficiency does not affect adipogenic differentiation, but diminishes UCP1 expression and function in the obtained mature adipocytes. We further show that these effects are dependent on TGFβ2 but not TGFβ1 signaling: TGFβ2 deficiency decreases adipocyte UCP1 expression, whereas TGFβ2 treatment increases it. The activity of the LTBP3–TGFβ2 axis that we delineate herein also significantly correlates with UCP1 expression in human white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting an important role in regulating WAT browning as well. Conclusions These results provide evidence that LTBP3, via TGFβ2, plays an important role in promoting brown adipogenesis by modulating UCP1 expression and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Inhibition of LTBP2 and LTBP3 reduces secretion of TGFβ2. Both knockout of LTBP2/3 or TGFβ2 inhibit UCP1 expression and mitochondrial respiration in human adipocytes. Expression of TGFβ2 correlates with UCP1 expression in human adipose tissue. Treatment with TGFβ2 rescues inhibition of UCP1 by LTBP knockout during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halbgebauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Roos
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - J B Funcke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - B S Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - E Z Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - K M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Tews
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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17
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Improved Therapeutic Efficiency against Obesity through Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Microneedle Arrays. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060827. [PMID: 34199630 PMCID: PMC8226838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we prepared patches that were composed of a degradable microneedle (MN) array with a soft backing provided for the skin tissue. We then performed a transdermal delivery of anti-obesity drugs to evaluate the effectiveness of β3 adrenergic receptor CL316243 in obesity treatment in overweight mice induced by a high-fat diet. Eighty male National Institutes of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into four obese groups or the control group. The obesity groups were given a high-fat diet for 15-18 weeks to establish an obese model. Afterward, the obese groups were divided into the following four groups: the control group, the unloaded MN group, the CL-316243 MN group, and the injection group. For the injection group, the group of mice was injected subcutaneously with CL316243 (1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. Furthermore, the CL-316243 MN group was given a lower dose (0.1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. After weighing the mice, we used Western blotting to detect the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the adipose tissue around the mouse viscera. The results stated that the weight of the CL-316243 MN group and the injection group dropped, and the UCP1 protein expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) significantly increased. The results demonstrated the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 could be carried into the body through MN, and the dose applied was considerably smaller than the injection dose. The reason for this may arise from the CL-316243 being delivered by MN arrays to subcutaneous adipose tissue more efficiently, with an even distribution, compared to that of the injection dose. This technique provides a new and feasible way to treat obesity more effectively.
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18
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Impact of the Uncoupling Protein 1 on Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051131. [PMID: 34067093 PMCID: PMC8151725 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is strongly associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) increases energy expenditure in adipocytes and may counteract adiposity. Our objective was to investigate a connection between UCP1 expression and cardiovascular health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a longitudinal observational study. Transcription of UCP1 was measured by qPCR in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 125 female RA patients and analyzed with respect to clinical parameters and the estimated CV risk. Development of new CV events and diabetes mellitus was followed for five years. Transcription of UCP1 was identified in 89 (71%) patients. UCP1 positive patients had often active RA disease (p = 0.017), high serum levels of IL6 (p = 0.0025) and were frequently overweight (p = 0.015). IL-6hiBMIhi patients and patients treated with IL6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab had significantly higher levels of UCP1 compared to other RA patients (p < 0.0001, p = 0.032, respectively). Both UCP1hi groups displayed unfavorable metabolic profiles with high plasma glucose levels and high triglyceride-to-HDL ratios, which indicated insulin resistance. Prospective follow-up revealed no significant difference in the incidence of new CV and metabolic events in the UCP1hi groups and remaining RA patients. The study shows that high transcription of UCP1 in adipose tissue is related to IL6-driven processes and reflects primarily metabolic CV risk in female RA patients.
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19
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Beddows CA, Dodd GT. Insulin on the brain: The role of central insulin signalling in energy and glucose homeostasis. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12947. [PMID: 33687120 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signals to the brain where it coordinates multiple physiological processes underlying energy and glucose homeostasis. This review explores where and how insulin interacts within the brain parenchyma, how brain insulin signalling functions to coordinate energy and glucose homeostasis and how this contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait A Beddows
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Novel regulatory roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts. Life Sci 2021; 276:119427. [PMID: 33785331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The bone-adipose axis requires complex homeostasis in energy and global metabolism. The bioenergetics of bone establishes the necessary energy balance to coordinate endocrine functions that are affected by various factors and is not limited to matrix proteins only. UCP1 is an uncoupling protein of adipocytes, commonly known for its unique feature of promoting thermogenesis, mainly in brown fat; however, the effects of UCP1 in other cell types remain unreported. MAIN METHODS In the current study, we determined the roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts by silencing the Ucp1 gene in MC-3T3-E1 cells, as well as C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, and explored its functional activities. KEY FINDINGS Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of UCP1 in osteoblast cells. We identified that UCP1 regulates ATP and oxidative phosphorylation in MC-3T3-E1 cells. In addition, our data reveal that the lack of Ucp1 results in reduced expressions of regulatory proteins involved in scavenging of ROS by enhancing an autophagic event to balance osteogenic differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study highlights a novel perspective on the importance of UCP1 in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Vasileva LV, Savova MS, Tews D, Wabitsch M, Georgiev MI. Rosmarinic acid attenuates obesity and obesity-related inflammation in human adipocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112002. [PMID: 33476690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. At the same time signaling from pro-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) or interleukin 17A (IL-17A) are proposed as crucial for the commitment of fibroblast progenitor cells towards adipogenic differentiation. Modulation of inflammation during adipogenic differentiation is incompletely explored as a potential approach to prevent metabolic disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental studies of its activity on adipogenic factors or in vivo obesity models are, however, controversial and hence insufficient. Here, we investigated the anti-adipogenic action of RA in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key players in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism were assessed. Furthermore, a molecular mechanism of action was proposed. The most prominent effect was found on the translation of C/EBPα, PPARγ and adiponectin, as well as on the modulation of TGF1B and IL17A. Interestingly, involvement of NRF2 signaling was identified upon RA treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that RA prevents inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in human adipocytes. Data from the molecular analysis demonstrate that RA has potential for treatment of obesity and obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Vasileva
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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22
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Zhu H, Toan S, Mui D, Zhou H. Mitochondrial quality surveillance as a therapeutic target in myocardial infarction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13590. [PMID: 33270362 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As mitochondrial dysfunction critically contributes to the pathogenesis of MI, intensive research is focused on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondria possess a quality control system which maintains and restores their structure and function by regulating mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, degradation and death. In response to slight damage such as transient hypoxia or mild oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, in order to reduce oxygen consumption and maintain ATP output. Mitochondrial dynamics are also activated to modify mitochondrial shape and structure, in order to meet cardiomyocyte energy requirements through augmenting or reducing mitochondrial mass. When damaged mitochondria cannot be repaired, poorly structured mitochondria will be degraded through mitophagy, a process which is often accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis. Once the insult is severe enough to induce lethal damage in the mitochondria and the cell, mitochondrial death pathway activation is an inevitable consequence, and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis or necrosis program will be initiated to remove damaged cells. Mitochondrial quality surveillance is a hierarchical system preserving mitochondrial function and defending cardiomyocytes against stress. A failure of this system has been regarded as one of the potential pathologies underlying MI. In this review, we discuss the recent findings focusing on the role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in MI, and highlight the available therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial quality surveillance during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology Chinese PLA General HospitalMedical School of Chinese PLA Beijing China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Minnesota‐Duluth Duluth MN USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Chinese PLA General HospitalMedical School of Chinese PLA Beijing China
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Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031359. [PMID: 33572982 PMCID: PMC7866411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of obesity are rising in most of the world. In addition to metabolic disorders, obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of a variety of types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). The bidirectional interaction between BC and adipose cells has been deeply investigated, although the molecular and cellular players involved in these mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we review the current knowledge on these interactions and describe how preclinical research might be used to clarify the effects of obesity over BC progression and morbidity, with particular attention paid to promising therapeutic interventions.
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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Ma P, He P, Xu CY, Hou BY, Qiang GF, DU GH. Recent developments in natural products for white adipose tissue browning. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:803-817. [PMID: 33308601 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke, heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige (brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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miR-146a regulates insulin sensitivity via NPR3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2987-3003. [PMID: 33206203 PMCID: PMC8004521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases has been linked to the inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), but the molecular interconnections are still not fully understood. MiR-146a controls inflammatory processes by suppressing pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of miR-146a in obesity and insulin resistance. MiR-146a-/- mice were subjected to a high-fat diet followed by metabolic tests and WAT transcriptomics. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Compared to controls, miR-146a-/- mice gained significantly more body weight on a high-fat diet with increased fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy. This was accompanied by exacerbated liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Likewise, adipocytes transfected with an inhibitor of miR-146a displayed a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while transfecting miR-146a mimics caused the opposite effect. Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-146a in adipocytes and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NPR3 increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. In summary, miR-146a regulates systemic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity via downregulation of NPR3.
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Effect on Body Weight and Adipose Tissue by Cariprazine: A Head-to-Head Comparison Study to Olanzapine and Aripiprazole in Rats. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cariprazine (Car) is a recently approved second generation antipsychotic (SGA) with unique pharmacodynamic profile, being a partial agonist at both dopamine D2/3 receptor subtypes, with almost 10 times greater affinity towards D3. SGAs are known to increase body weight, alter serum lipids, and stimulate adipogenesis but so far, limited information about the adverse effects is available with this drug. In order to study this new SGA with such a unique mechanism of action, we compared Car to substances that are considered references and are well characterized: olanzapine (Ola) and aripiprazole (Ari). We studied the effects on body weight and also assessed the adipogenesis in rats. The drugs were self-administered in two different doses to female, adult, Wistar rats for six weeks. Weekly body weight change, vacuole size of adipocytes, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1 (SREBP-1) and Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP-1) expression were measured from the visceral adipose tissue (AT). The adipocyte’s vacuole size, and UCP-1 expression were increased while body weight gain was diminished by Car. by increasing UCP-1 might stimulate the thermogenesis, that could potentially explain the weight gain lowering effect through enhanced lipolysis.
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Dahlhaus M, Roos J, Engel D, Tews D, Halbgebauer D, Funcke JB, Kiener S, Schuler PJ, Döscher J, Hoffmann TK, Zinngrebe J, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. CD90 Is Dispensable for White and Beige/Brown Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7907. [PMID: 33114405 PMCID: PMC7663553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ in rodents and humans. In mice, the transplantation of BAT has been successfully used to combat obesity and its comorbidities. While such beneficial properties of BAT are now evident, the developmental and cellular origins of brown, beige, and white adipocytes have remained only poorly understood, especially in humans. We recently discovered that CD90 is highly expressed in stromal cells isolated from human white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to BAT. Here, we studied whether CD90 interferes with brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging. We applied flow cytometric sorting of human adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout strategy in the human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocyte model system, as well as a siRNA approach in human approaches supports the hypothesis that CD90 affects brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging in humans. Taken together, our findings call the conclusions drawn from previous studies, which claimed a central role of CD90 in adipocyte differentiation, into question.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/metabolism
- Gigantism/genetics
- Gigantism/metabolism
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Humans
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Thermogenesis
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Dahlhaus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Julian Roos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Engel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Halbgebauer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Sophie Kiener
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Johannes Döscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Julia Zinngrebe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
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Yao H, Peterson AL, Li J, Xu H, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase 1 and 2 Differentially Regulate Glucose Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Respiration: Implications for Metabolic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197123. [PMID: 32992485 PMCID: PMC7582259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) consists of inducible (HO-1) and constitutive (HO-2) isoforms that are encoded by Hmox1 and Hmox2 genes, respectively. As an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecule, HO participates in the development of metabolic diseases. Whether Hmox deficiency causes metabolic abnormalities under basal conditions remains unclear. We hypothesized that HO-1 and HO-2 differentially affect global and adipose tissue metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we determined insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and respiratory exchange ratio in global Hmox1-/- and Hmox2-/- mice. Body weight was reduced in female but not male Hmox1-/- and Hmox2-/- mice. Reduced insulin sensitivity and physical activity were observed in Hmox1-/- but not Hmox2-/- mice. Deletion of either Hmox1 or Hmox2 had no effects on glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio. Mitochondrial respiration was unchanged in gonadal fat pads (white adipose tissue, WAT) of Hmox1-/- mice. Hmox2 deletion increased proton leak and glycolysis in gonadal, but not interscapular fat tissues (brown adipose tissue, BAT). Uncoupling protein and Hmox1 genes were unchanged in gonadal fat pads of Hmox2-/- mice. Conclusively, HO-1 maintains insulin sensitivity, while HO-2 represses glycolysis and proton leak in the WAT under basal condition. This suggests that HO-1 and HO-2 differentially modulate metabolism, which may impact the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
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Maurer S, Harms M, Boucher J. The colorful versatility of adipocytes: white-to-brown transdifferentiation and its therapeutic potential in humans. FEBS J 2020; 288:3628-3646. [PMID: 32621398 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown and brite adipocytes contribute to energy expenditure through nonshivering thermogenesis. Though these cell types are thought to arise primarily from the de novo differentiation of precursor cells, their abundance is also controlled through the transdifferentiation of mature white adipocytes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of white-to-brown transdifferentiation, as well as the conversion of brown and brite adipocytes to dormant, white-like fat cells. Converting mature white adipocytes into brite cells or reactivating dormant brown and brite adipocytes has emerged as a strategy to ameliorate human metabolic disorders. We analyze the evidence of learning from mice and how they translate to humans to ultimately scrutinize the relevance of this concept. Moreover, we estimate that converting a small percentage of existing white fat mass in obese subjects into active brite adipocytes could be sufficient to achieve meaningful benefits in metabolism. In conclusion, novel browning agents have to be identified before adipocyte transdifferentiation can be realized as a safe and efficacious therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maurer
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Reinisch I, Schreiber R, Prokesch A. Regulation of thermogenic adipocytes during fasting and cold. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 512:110869. [PMID: 32439414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure activates brown and brown-like adipocytes that dissipate large amounts of glucose and fatty acids via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to drive non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Evidence for the existence of these thermogenic adipocytes in adult humans gave rise to a renaissance in research on brown adipose tissue, establishing it as linchpin of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Besides low ambient temperature, shortage or excess of food affect thermoregulation. Upon high caloric meals thermogenic adipocytes burn excess calories and maintain energy balance. In contrast, in conditions of nutrient deprivation, counter-regulatory mechanisms prevent thermogenic adipocytes from "wasting" energy substrates that need to be conserved. In this review, we discuss cell-autonomous mechanisms, metabolites, and hormones that modify NST in response to nutrient fluctuations. In particular, we focus on how thermogenic adipocytes balance thermogenesis with systemic energy homeostasis during fasting periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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32
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Browning capabilities of human primary adipose-derived stromal cells compared to SGBS cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9632. [PMID: 32541826 PMCID: PMC7296016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Tiano L, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nyawo TA, Louw J, Kappo AP, Muller CJ. Isoorientin ameliorates lipid accumulation by regulating fat browning in palmitate-exposed 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Metabol Open 2020; 6:100037. [PMID: 32812911 PMCID: PMC7424791 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of fat browning using natural bioactive products is regarded as one of the promising approaches to treat obesity and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the physiological effects of isoorientin on glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To achieve this, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to 0.75 mM palmitate for 24 h, to induce insulin resistance, before treatment with 10 μM isoorientin or the comparative controls such as CL-316,243 (10 μM), pioglitazone (10 μM) and compound C (1 μM) for 4 h. Relevant bioassays and Western blot analysis were conducted on these insulin resistant cells. Our results showed that palmitate exposure could induce insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction as measured by reduction in glucose uptake and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters. However, treatment with isoorientin reversed these effects by improving glucose uptake, blocking lipid accumulation, and modulating the process of mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, isoorientin could mediate lipid metabolism by activating 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while also effectively modulating the expression of genes involved in fat browning such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ/α and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In conclusion, isoorientin impacts insulin resistance in vitro by improving glucose uptake and mitochondrial function, consistent to modulating the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Thembeka A. Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P. Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Christo J.F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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Zorena K, Jachimowicz-Duda O, Ślęzak D, Robakowska M, Mrugacz M. Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3570. [PMID: 32443588 PMCID: PMC7278967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that the number of obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds the number of those who are undernourished. Obesity is not only a state of abnormally increased adipose tissue in the body, but also of increased release of biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into the circulating blood, due to their specific receptors on the surface of target cells, act as classic hormones affecting the metabolism of tissues and organs. What is more, adipokines and cytokines may decrease the insulin sensitivity of tissues and induce inflammation and development of chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated that in an era of a global obesity pandemic, adipokines may gain more and more importance as regards their use in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of white, brown and perivascular fatty tissue and obesity-related metabolic and chronic complications was conducted online using PubMed, the Cochrane database and Embase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Jachimowicz-Duda
- Independent Public Specialized Health Care Center in Lębork, Department of Internal Diseases, Węgrzynowicza 13, 84-300 Lębork, Poland;
| | - Daniel Ślęzak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marlena Robakowska
- Department of Public Health & Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Zwycięctwa 42a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
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Czech MP. Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Mol Metab 2020; 34:27-42. [PMID: 32180558 PMCID: PMC6997501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diminished glucose lowering effect of insulin in obesity, called "insulin resistance," is associated with glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and other serious maladies. Many publications on this topic have suggested numerous hypotheses on the molecular and cellular disruptions that contribute to the syndrome. However, significant uncertainty remains on the mechanisms of its initiation and long-term maintenance. SCOPE OF REVIEW To simplify insulin resistance analysis, this review focuses on the unifying concept that adipose tissue is a central regulator of systemic glucose homeostasis by controlling liver and skeletal muscle metabolism. Key aspects of adipose function related to insulin resistance reviewed are: 1) the modes by which specific adipose tissues control hepatic glucose output and systemic glucose disposal, 2) recently acquired understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these modes of regulation, and 3) the steps in these pathways adversely affected by obesity that cause insulin resistance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Adipocyte heterogeneity is required to mediate the multiple pathways that control systemic glucose tolerance. White adipocytes specialize in sequestering triglycerides away from the liver, muscle, and other tissues to limit toxicity. In contrast, brown/beige adipocytes are very active in directly taking up glucose in response to β adrenergic signaling and insulin and enhancing energy expenditure. Nonetheless, white, beige, and brown adipocytes all share the common feature of secreting factors and possibly exosomes that act on distant tissues to control glucose homeostasis. Obesity exerts deleterious effects on each of these adipocyte functions to cause insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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