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de Carvalho Rocha Koga R, Custodio de Souza G, Tavares de Lima Teixeira AV, Ferreira AM, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Silva Abreu L, Fechine Tavares J, Carvalho JCT. Hydroethanolic extracts from Bauhinia guianensis: a study on acute toxicity in Zebrafish embryos and adults. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:577-591. [PMID: 39016037 PMCID: PMC11257010 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2374806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The botanical species Bauhinia guianensis Aublet (Leguminosae-Cercidoideae) is traditionally used in the Amazon for medicinal purposes. OBJECTIVE The acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extracts from B. guianensis leaves and stems (HELBg and HESBg) was evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio), with emphasis on the embryonic developmental stage and adult alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts were analyzed on LC-DAD-MS/MS. Zebrafish eggs were inoculated individually with concentrations of HELBg and HESBg (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 µg/mL), observed for 96 h. Adult zebrafish were treated with a single oral dose (100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) of HELBg and HESBg, observed for 48 h. RESULTS HELBg and HESBg analysis detected 55 compounds. Both extracts exhibited toxicity, including embryo coagulation at higher doses of HELBg and absence of heartbeats in embryos at all doses of HESBg. Behavioral variations were observed; tissue alterations in adult zebrafish were found at the highest doses, primarily in the liver, intestine, and kidneys because of HELBg and HESBg effects. The LD50 of HESBg was 1717 mg/kg, while HELBg exceeded the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The study on acute toxicity of B. guianensis extracts exhibits significant toxic potential, emphasizing effects on embryonic and adult zebrafish. The results suggest relative safety of the species preparations, encouraging further clinical trials on potential biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary de Carvalho Rocha Koga
- Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Gisele Custodio de Souza
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira
- Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maciel Ferreira
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez-Ortiz
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Multi-User Laboratory of Characterization and Analysis, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Multi-User Laboratory of Characterization and Analysis, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
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Li L, Fan B, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Kong Z, Wang F, Li M. Cannabidiol exposure during embryonic period caused serious malformation in embryos and inhibited the development of reproductive system in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175315. [PMID: 39111451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive component of cannabis with potential applications in biomedicine, food, and cosmetics due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant properties. However, increasing reports of adverse CBD exposure events underscore the necessity of evaluating its toxicity. In this study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of CBD in zebrafish during the embryonic (0-4 dpf, days post fertilization) and early larval stages (5-7 dpf). The median lethal concentration of CBD in embryos/larvae is 793.28 μg/L. CBD exhibited concentration-dependent manner (ranging from 250 to 1500 μg/L) in inducing serious malformed somatotypes, like shorter body length, pericardial cysts, vitelline cysts, spinal curvature, and smaller eyes. However, no singular deformity predominates. The 5-month-old zebrafish treated with 100 and 200 μg/L of CBD during the embryonic and early larval stages produced fewer offspring with higher natural mortality and malformation rate. Gonadal growth and gamete development were inhibited. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses conducted with 400 μg/L CBD on embryos/larvae from 0 to 5 dpf suggested that CBD promoted the formation and transportation of extracellular matrix components on 1 dpf, promoting abnormal cell division and migration, probably resulting in random malformed somatotypes. It inhibited optical vesicle development and photoreceptors formation on 2 and 3 dpf, resulting in damaged sight and smaller eye size. CBD also induced an integrated stress response on 4 and 5 dpf, disrupting redox, protein, and cholesterol homeostasis, contributing to cellular damage, physiological dysfunction, embryonic death, and inhibited reproductive system and ability in adult zebrafish. At the tested concentrations, CBD exhibited developmental toxicity, lethal toxicity, and reproductive inhibition in zebrafish. These findings demonstrate that CBD threatens the model aquatic animal, highlighting the need for additional toxicological evaluations of CBD before its inclusion in dietary supplements, edible food, and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, PR China.
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3
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Özokan G, Bilginer A, Mızrak Z, Işıkoğlu S, Beler M, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Comparison of the cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insect repellent ingredients: p-Menthane-3,8-diol synthesized by green chemistry from Eucalyptus citriodora and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38738628 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2350664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Bio-sourced insect repellents are becoming more popular due to their safer applications. Known for its strong fly-repellent property, Cis, trans-para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is the main component of the lemon eucalyptus essential oil and is synthesized from citronellal. In April 2005, US Centers for Disease Control approved two fly repellents that do not contain N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), including PMD. Due to the intentional and pervasive human exposure caused by DEET as insect repellent, concerns have been raised about its toxicological profile and potential harm to people. We hypothesized PMD would have a different toxicological profile than DEET. We synthesized PMD from Eucalyptus citriodora using green chemistry methods and analyzed its structures by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and GC/MS spectral methods. We used MTS assay to determine the percentage inhibition of PMD and DEET on keratinocyte (human epidermal keratinocyte [HaCaT]) cells. The xCelligence system was used and followed at real time. Effects of PMD and DEET on zebrafish embryo development were monitored and levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were evaluated at 72 h post-fertilization using spectrophotometric methods. Our results showed that while DEET inhibited human keratinocyte cell growth, while imporved cell viability and proliferation was exposed in PMD exposed group. In zebrafish embryos, PMD was less toxic in terms of development, oxidant-antioxidant status, and AChE activities than DEET. Based on these results we suggest an efficient method using green chemistry for the synthesis of PMD, which is found to be less toxic in zebrafish embryos and human keratinocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Özokan
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Bilginer
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zülal Mızrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semanur Işıkoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Habjan E, Schouten GK, Speer A, van Ulsen P, Bitter W. Diving into drug-screening: zebrafish embryos as an in vivo platform for antimicrobial drug discovery and assessment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae011. [PMID: 38684467 PMCID: PMC11078164 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria underlines the need for innovative treatments, yet the introduction of new drugs has stagnated despite numerous antimicrobial discoveries. A major hurdle is a poor correlation between promising in vitro data and in vivo efficacy in animal models, which is essential for clinical development. Early in vivo testing is hindered by the expense and complexity of existing animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective, rapid preclinical models with high translational value. To overcome these challenges, zebrafish embryos have emerged as an attractive model for infectious disease studies, offering advantages such as ethical alignment, rapid development, ease of maintenance, and genetic manipulability. The zebrafish embryo infection model, involving microinjection or immersion of pathogens and potential antibiotic hit compounds, provides a promising solution for early-stage drug screening. It offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of compounds in a whole-organism context. This review discusses the experimental design of this model, but also its benefits and challenges. Additionally, it highlights recently identified compounds in the zebrafish embryo infection model and discusses the relevance of the model in predicting the compound's clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Habjan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gina K Schouten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Oh HN, Yoo D, Park S, Lee S, Kim WK. Assessment of poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride-induced developmental neurotoxicity via oxidative stress mechanism: Integrative approaches with neuronal cells and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133146. [PMID: 38064952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a biocide with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Its use as a disinfectant and preservative in consumer products results in human exposure to PHMB. Toxicity studies on PHMB mainly focus on systemic toxicity or skin irritation; however, its effects on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the DNT effects of PHMB were evaluated using IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cell lines and zebrafish. In both cell lines, PHMB concentrations ≥ 10 µM reduced neurite outgrowth, and cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to 40 µM. PHMB regulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed the toxic effects of PHMB. Toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos showed that PHMB reduced viability and heart rate and caused irregular hatching. PHMB concentrations of 1-4 µM reduced the width of the brain and spinal cord of transgenic zebrafish and attenuated myelination processes. Furthermore, PHMB modulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes in zebrafish and induced ROS accumulation. These results suggested that PHMB exerted DNT effects in vitro and in vivo through a ROS-dependent mechanism, highlighting the risk of PHMB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggon Yoo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jiao F, Rong H, Zhao Y, Wu P, Long Y, Xu J, Zhao T, Han L, Wang J, Yang H. Insights into spirotetramat-induced thyroid disruption during zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval development: An integrated approach with in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123242. [PMID: 38154778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Spirotetramat (SPT), a tetronic acid-derived insecticide, is implicated in reproductive and lipid metabolism disorders, as well as developmental toxicity in fish. While these effects are documented, the precise mechanisms underlying its developmental toxicity are not fully elucidated. In this study, zebrafish embryos (2 h post-fertilization, hpf) were exposed to four concentrations of SPT (0, 60, 120, and 240 μg/L) until 21 dpf (days post-fertilization). We delved into the mechanisms by examining its potential disruption of the thyroid endocrine system, employing in vivo, in vitro, and in silico assays. The findings showed notable developmental disturbances, including reduced hatching rates, shortened body lengths, and decelerated heart rates. Additionally, there was an increase in malformations and a decline in locomotor activity. Detailed analyses revealed that SPT exposure led to elevated thyroid hormone levels, perturbed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis transcript levels, amplified deiodinase type I (Dio1) and deiodinase type II (Dio2) activities, and both transcriptionally and proteomically upregulated thyroid receptor beta (TRβ) in larvae. Techniques like molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed SPT's affinity for TRβ, consistent with in vitro findings suggesting its antagonistic effect on the T3-TR complex. These insights emphasize the need for caution in using tetronic acid-derived insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Hua Rong
- Xiangyang Polytechnic Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Yaohui Long
- Xiangyang Polytechnic Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Xiangyang Polytechnic Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Xiangyang Polytechnic Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Lingxi Han
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
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7
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Sánchez-Sánchez R, Imhof D, Hecker YP, Ferre I, Re M, Moreno-Gonzalo J, Blanco-Murcia J, Mejías-López E, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Arnold SLM, Ojo KK, Barrett LK, Hemphill A, Van Voorhis WC, Ortega-Mora LM. An Early Treatment With BKI-1748 Exhibits Full Protection Against Abortion and Congenital Infection in Sheep Experimentally Infected With Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:558-566. [PMID: 37889572 PMCID: PMC10873186 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis in humans and in other mammalian species, such as small ruminants, is a well-known cause of abortion and fetal malformations. The calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) inhibitor BKI-1748 has shown a promising safety profile for its use in humans and a good efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro and in mouse models. Ten doses of BKI-1748 given every other day orally in sheep at 15 mg/kg did not show systemic or pregnancy-related toxicity. In sheep experimentally infected at 90 days of pregnancy with 1000 TgShSp1 oocysts, the BKI-1748 treatment administered from 48 hours after infection led to complete protection against abortion and congenital infection. In addition, compared to infected/untreated sheep, treated sheep showed a drastically lower rectal temperature increase and none showed IgG seroconversion throughout the study. In conclusion, BKI-1748 treatment in pregnant sheep starting at 48 hours after infection was fully effective against congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Yanina P Hecker
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS, Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Ferre
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Re
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno-Gonzalo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mejías-López
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew A Hulverson
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn K Barrett
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hamm JT, Hsieh JH, Roberts GK, Collins B, Gorospe J, Sparrow B, Walker NJ, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Dyballa S, Miñana R, Schiavone V, Terriente J, Weiner A, Muriana A, Quevedo C, Ryan KR. Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology's (SEAZIT's) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity. TOXICS 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38276729 PMCID: PMC10820928 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic zebrafish represent a useful test system to screen substances for their ability to perturb development. The exposure scenarios, endpoints captured, and data analysis vary among the laboratories who conduct screening. A lack of harmonization impedes the comparison of the substance potency and toxicity outcomes across laboratories and may hinder the broader adoption of this model for regulatory use. The Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (SEAZIT) initiative was developed to investigate the sources of variability in toxicity testing. This initiative involved an interlaboratory study to determine whether experimental parameters altered the developmental toxicity of a set of 42 substances (3 tested in duplicate) in three diverse laboratories. An initial dose-range-finding study using in-house protocols was followed by a definitive study using four experimental conditions: chorion-on and chorion-off using both static and static renewal exposures. We observed reasonable agreement across the three laboratories as 33 of 42 test substances (78.6%) had the same activity call. However, the differences in potency seen using variable in-house protocols emphasizes the importance of harmonization of the exposure variables under evaluation in the second phase of this study. The outcome of the Def will facilitate future practical discussions on harmonization within the zebrafish research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T. Hamm
- Inotiv, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Bradley Collins
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jenni Gorospe
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Nigel J. Walker
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Rafael Miñana
- ZeClinics SL., 08980 Barcelona, Spain
- CTI Laboratory Services Spain SL., 48160 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Weiner
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Celia Quevedo
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kristen R. Ryan
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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9
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Tran MH, Nguyen TVA, Do HG, Kieu TK, Nguyen TKT, Le HD, Guerrero-Limon G, Massoz L, Nivelle R, Zappia J, Pham HT, Nguyen LT, Muller M. Testing biological actions of medicinal plants from northern Vietnam on zebrafish embryos and larvae: Developmental, behavioral, and putative therapeutical effects. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294048. [PMID: 37934745 PMCID: PMC10629648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the risks and benefits of using traditional medicinal plants is of utmost importance for a huge fraction of the human population, in particular in Northern Vietnam. Zebrafish are increasingly used as a simple vertebrate model for testing toxic and physiological effects of compounds, especially on development. Here, we tested 12 ethanolic extracts from popular medicinal plants collected in northern Vietnam for their effects on zebrafish survival and development during the first 4 days after fertilization. We characterized more in detail their effects on epiboly, hatching, growth, necrosis, body curvature, angiogenesis, skeletal development and mostly increased movement behavior. Finally, we confirm the effect on epiboly caused by the Mahonia bealei extract by staining the actin filaments and performing whole genome gene expression analysis. Further, we show that this extract also inhibits cell migration of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Finally, we analyzed the chemical composition of the Mahonia bealei extract and test the effects of its major components. In conclusion, we show that traditional medicinal plant extracts are able to affect zebrafish early life stage development to various degrees. In addition, we show that an extract causing delay in epiboly also inhibits mammalian cell migration, suggesting that this effect may serve as a preliminary test for identifying extracts that inhibit cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Hanh Tran
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA I3, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Anh Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Giang Do
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Kieu
- GREENLAB, Center for Life Science Research (CELIFE), Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Diep Le
- Department of Plant Science, Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gustavo Guerrero-Limon
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA I3, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Massoz
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Model laboratory, GIGA Stem cells, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA I3, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA I3, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hai The Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- GREENLAB, Center for Life Science Research (CELIFE), Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lai Thanh Nguyen
- GREENLAB, Center for Life Science Research (CELIFE), Vietnam National University of Science, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA I3, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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10
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Zhang Z, Qiu T, Zhou J, Gong X, Yang K, Zhang X, Lan Y, Yang C, Zhou Z, Ji Y. Toxic effects of sirolimus and everolimus on the development and behavior of zebrafish embryos. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115397. [PMID: 37659200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus and everolimus have been widely used in children. These mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have shown excellent efficacy not only in organ transplant patients as immunosuppressive agents but also in patients with some other diseases. However, whether mTOR inhibitors can affect the growth and development of children is of great concern. In this study, using zebrafish models, we discovered that sirolimus and everolimus could slow the development of zebrafish, affecting indicators such as survival, hatching, deformities, body length, and movement. In addition to these basic indicators, sirolimus and everolimus had certain slowing effects on the growth and development of the nervous system, blood vessels, and the immune system. These effects were dose dependent. When the drug concentration reached or exceeded 0.5 μM, the impacts of sirolimus and everolimus were very significant. More interestingly, the impact was transient. Over time, the various manifestations of experimental embryos gradually approached those of control embryos. We also compared the effects of sirolimus and everolimus on zebrafish, and we revealed that there was no significant difference between these drugs in terms of their effects. In summary, the dose of sirolimus and everolimus in children should be strictly controlled, and the drug concentration should be monitored over time. Otherwise, drug overdosing may have a certain impact on the growth and development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuru Lan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congxia Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zilong Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Lin LY, Kantha P, Horng JL. Toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on the development, escape locomotion, and lateral-line sensory function of zebrafish embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 272:109701. [PMID: 37478959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by micro- and nanosized plastic particles is a potential threat to aquatic animals. Polystyrene is one of the most common plastic particles in aquatic environments. Previous studies found that polystyrene nanoparticles (PNs) can penetrate the integument and accumulate in the organs of fish embryos. However, the potential impacts of PNs on fish embryos are not fully understood. To investigate this issue, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/L) of PNs (25 nm) for 96 h (4-100 h post-fertilization), and various endpoints were examined, including developmental morphology (body length, sizes of the eyes, otic vesicles, otoliths, pericardial cavity, and yolk sac), locomotion (touch-evoked escape response and spinal motor neurons), and lateral-line function (hair cell number and hair bundle number). Exposure to 50 mg/L of PNs resulted in significant adverse effects across all endpoints studied, indicating that embryonic development was severely disrupted, and both locomotion and sensory function were impaired. However, at 25 mg/L of PNs, only locomotion and sensory function were significantly affected. The effects were insignificant in all examined endpoints at 10 mg/L of PNs. Transcript levels of several marker genes for neuronal function and eye development were suppressed after treatment. Exposure to fluorescent PNs showed that they accumulated in various organs including, the eyes, gills, blood vessels, gallbladder, gut, and lateral line neuromasts. Overall, this study suggests that short-term exposure to a high concentration of PNs can threaten fish survival by impairing embryonic development, locomotion performance, and mechanical sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phunsin Kantha
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Fukushima HCS, Bailone RL, Borra RC. Assessment of Risperidone Toxicity in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos. Comp Med 2023; 73:260-266. [PMID: 37536933 PMCID: PMC10702279 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of conditions like autism and schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of risperidone in zebrafish embryos ( Danio rerio ) with regard to survival, development, and cardiac and neural systems. The results showed that concentrations above 100 μM were associated with deaths, teratogenic effects, and cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. The findings support the utility of zebrafish for toxicological screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Lacava Bailone
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; and
- Department of Federal Inspection Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil; and
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13
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Naija A, Yalcin HC. Evaluation of cadmium and mercury on cardiovascular and neurological systems: Effects on humans and fish. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:498-508. [PMID: 37396852 PMCID: PMC10313869 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals are at the top of public health concerns and metals have received much attention in terms of toxicological studies. Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are among the most toxic heavy metals and are widely distributed in the environment. They are considered important factors involved in several organ disturbances. Heart and brain tissues are not among the first exposure sites to Cd and Hg but they are directly affected and may manifest intoxication reactions leading to death. Many cases of human intoxication with Cd and Hg showed that these metals have potential cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Human exposure to heavy metals is through fish consumption which is considered as an excellent source of human nutrients. In the current review, we will summarize the most known cases of human intoxication with Cd and Hg, highlight their toxic effects on fish, and investigate the common signal pathways of both Cd and Hg to affect heart and brain tissues. Also, we will present the most common biomarkers used in the assessment of cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity using Zebrafish model.
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14
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Coppola A, Lombari P, Mazzella E, Capolongo G, Simeoni M, Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Borriello M. Zebrafish as a Model of Cardiac Pathology and Toxicity: Spotlight on Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065656. [PMID: 36982730 PMCID: PMC10052014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health care problem. About 10% of the general population is affected by CKD, representing the sixth cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular events are the main mortality cause in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk 10 times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes with a negative effect on every organ, especially on the cardiovascular system. Mammalian models, sharing structural and functional similarities with humans, have been widely used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms and test new therapies, but many of them are rather expensive and difficult to manipulate. Over the last few decades, zebrafish has become a powerful non-mammalian model to study alterations associated with human disease. The high conservation of gene function, low cost, small size, rapid growth, and easiness of genetic manipulation are just some of the features of this experimental model. More specifically, embryonic cardiac development and physiological responses to exposure to numerous toxin substances are similar to those observed in mammals, making zebrafish an ideal model to study cardiac development, toxicity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Bilel S, Murari M, Pesavento S, Arfè R, Tirri M, Torroni L, Marti M, Tagliaro F, Gottardo R. Toxicity and behavioural effects of ocfentanil and 2-furanylfentanyl in zebrafish larvae and mice. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:83-93. [PMID: 36634872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the so-called New Psychoactive Substances represents a problem of global concern due to several factors, including multiplicity of structures, poorly known activity, short half-life in the market, lack of pure standards etc. Among these problems, of the highest relevance is also the lack of information about metabolism and adverse effects, which must be faced using simple and low-cost animal models. On these grounds, the present work has been carried out on 5 days post fertilization zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae in comparison with adult mice (Mus musculus). Ocfentanil and 2-furanylfentanyl were administered at different concentrations to zebrafish larvae (1, 10 µM) and mice (0.1, 1, 6, 15 mg/kg). The behavioural assay showed a decrease in basal locomotor activity in zebrafish, whereas in mice this effect was evident only after the mechanical stimulus. Larva extracts and mice urine were analysed by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry to identify the metabolic pathways of the fentanyl analogs. For 2-furanylfentanyl, the most common biotransformations observed were hydroxylation, hydration and oxidation in zebrafish larvae, whereas mice produced mainly the dihydrodiol metabolite. Hydroxylation was the major route of metabolism for ocfentanil in zebrafish larvae, while in mice the O-demethylated derivative was the main metabolite. In addition, a study was conducted to evaluate morphological effects of the two drugs on zebrafish larvae. Malformations were noticeable only at the highest concentration of 2-furanylfentanyl, whereas no significant damage was observed with ocfentanil. In conclusion, the two animal models show similarities in behavioral response and in metabolism, considering the different biological investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Murari
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Pesavento
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R Arfè
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Torroni
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center of the National Early Warning System, Department for Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
| | - F Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; "World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Gottardo
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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16
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Gong S, McLamb F, Shea D, Vu JP, Vasquez MF, Feng Z, Bozinovic K, Hirata KK, Gersberg RM, Bozinovic G. Toxicity assessment of hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid on morphology, heart physiology, and gene expression during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32320-32336. [PMID: 36462083 PMCID: PMC10017623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is one of the emerging replacements for the "forever" carcinogenic and toxic long-chain PFAS. HFPO-DA is a polymerization aid used for manufacturing fluoropolymers, whose global distribution and undetermined toxic properties are a concern regarding human and ecological health. To assess embryotoxic potential, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HFPO-DA at concentrations of 0.5-20,000 mg/L at 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart rate increased significantly in embryos exposed to 2 mg/L and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA across all time points. Spinal deformities and edema phenotypes were evident among embryos exposed to 1000-16,000 mg/L HFPO-DA at 72 hpf. A median lethal concentration (LC50) was derived as 7651 mg/L at 72 hpf. Shallow RNA sequencing analysis of 9465 transcripts identified 38 consistently differentially expressed genes at 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA exposures. Notably, seven downregulated genes were associated with visual response, and seven upregulated genes were expressed in or regulated the cardiovascular system. This study identifies biological targets and molecular pathways affected during animal development by an emerging, potentially problematic, and ubiquitous industrial chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Gong
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Flannery McLamb
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Jeanne P Vu
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miguel F Vasquez
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | - Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kesten Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ken K Hirata
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA.
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17
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Xu S, Chen F, Zhang H, Huang ZL, Li J, Wu D, Chen X. Development a high-throughput zebrafish embryo acute toxicity testing method based on OECD TG 236. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:104-112. [PMID: 35799369 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2099772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)Test Guideline (TG) 236 for zebrafish embryo acute toxicity testing was adopted for chemical toxicity assessment in 2013. Due to the increasing demand for prediction and evaluation of the acute toxicity using zebrafish embryos, we developed a method based on OECD 236 test guideline with the aim to improve the testing efficiency. We used 4-128 cell stage zebrafish embryos and performed an exposure assay in a 96-well microtiter plate, observing the lethality endpoints of embryos at 48-h postexposure. A total of 32 chemicals (two batches) were used in the comparison study. Our results indicated that the logarithmic LC50 (half lethal concentration) obtained by the modified method exhibited good correlation with that obtained by the OECD 236 testing method, and the R2 of the linear regression analysis was 0.9717 (0.9621 and 0.9936 for the two batches, respectively). Additionally, the intra- and inter-laboratory coefficient of variation (CVs) for the LC50 from the testing chemicals (17 chemicals in second batch) was less than 30%, except for CuSO4. Therefore, the developed method was less time-consuming and demonstrated a higher throughput for toxicity testing compared to the prior method. We argue the developed method could be used as an additional choice for high-throughput zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Fengyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, PRC
| | - Zhen-Lie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Biotech Big Data Research and Development, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, China
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18
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Chen Y, Wisner AS, Schiefer IT, Williams FE, Hall FS. Methamphetamine-induced lethal toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3833-3846. [PMID: 36269378 PMCID: PMC10593407 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of novel psychoactive substances has been steadily increasing in recent years. Given the rapid emergence of new substances and their constantly changing chemical structure, it is necessary to develop an efficient and expeditious approach to examine the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological and toxicological effects. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a popular experimental subject for drug screening due to their amenability to high-throughput approaches. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used methamphetamine (METH) as an exemplary psychoactive substance to investigate its acute toxicity and possible underlying mechanisms in 5-day post-fertilization (5 dpf) zebrafish larvae. METHODS Lethality and toxicity of different concentrations of METH were examined in 5-dpf zebrafish larvae using a 96-well plate format. RESULTS METH induced lethality in zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with initial sympathomimetic activation, followed by cardiotoxicity. This was evidenced by significant heart rate increases at low doses, followed by decreased cardiac function at high doses and later time points. Levels of ammonia in the excreted water were increased but decreased internally. There was also evidence of seizures. Co-administration of the glutamate AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI-52466 and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride significantly attenuated METH-induced lethality, suggesting that this lethality may be mediated synergistically or independently by glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems. CONCLUSIONS These experiments provide a baseline for the study of the toxicity of related amphetamine compounds in 5-dpf zebrafish as well as a new high-throughput approach for investigating the toxicities of rapidly emerging new psychoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., MS 1015, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave Room 610, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Alexander S Wisner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., MS 1015, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., MS 1015, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., MS 1015, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA.
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Zwickl CM, Graham J, Jolly R, Bassan A, Ahlberg E, Amberg A, Anger LT, Barton-Maclaren T, Beilke L, Bellion P, Brigo A, Cronin MT, Custer L, Devlin A, Burleigh-Flayers H, Fish T, Glover K, Glowienke S, Gromek K, Jones D, Karmaus A, Kemper R, Piparo EL, Madia F, Martin M, Masuda-Herrera M, McAtee B, Mestre J, Milchak L, Moudgal C, Mumtaz M, Muster W, Neilson L, Patlewicz G, Paulino A, Roncaglioni A, Ruiz P, Suarez D, Szabo DT, Valentin JP, Vardakou I, Woolley D, Myatt G. Principles and Procedures for Assessment of Acute Toxicity Incorporating In Silico Methods. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 24:100237. [PMID: 36818760 PMCID: PMC9934006 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute toxicity in silico models are being used to support an increasing number of application areas including (1) product research and development, (2) product approval and registration as well as (3) the transport, storage and handling of chemicals. The adoption of such models is being hindered, in part, because of a lack of guidance describing how to perform and document an in silico analysis. To address this issue, a framework for an acute toxicity hazard assessment is proposed. This framework combines results from different sources including in silico methods and in vitro or in vivo experiments. In silico methods that can assist the prediction of in vivo outcomes (i.e., LD50) are analyzed concluding that predictions obtained using in silico approaches are now well-suited for reliably supporting assessment of LD50-based acute toxicity for the purpose of GHS classification. A general overview is provided of the endpoints from in vitro studies commonly evaluated for predicting acute toxicity (e.g., cytotoxicity/cytolethality as well as assays targeting specific mechanisms). The increased understanding of pathways and key triggering mechanisms underlying toxicity and the increased availability of in vitro data allow for a shift away from assessments solely based on endpoints such as LD50, to mechanism-based endpoints that can be accurately assessed in vitro or by using in silico prediction models. This paper also highlights the importance of an expert review of all available information using weight-of-evidence considerations and illustrates, using a series of diverse practical use cases, how in silico approaches support the assessment of acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Graham
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert Jolly
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Arianna Bassan
- Innovatune srl, Via Giulio Zanon 130/D, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Ernst Ahlberg
- Universal Prediction AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Tara Barton-Maclaren
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada / Government of Canada
| | - Lisa Beilke
- Toxicology Solutions, Inc., 10531 4S Commons Dr. #594, San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - Phillip Bellion
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Str. 128, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Amy Devlin
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Trevor Fish
- Nelson Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Jones
- MHRA, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London E14 4PU
| | - Agnes Karmaus
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Mestre
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Office of the Associate Director for Science, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Wolfgang Muster
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Grace Patlewicz
- Centre for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Diana Suarez
- FSTox Consulting LTD, 2 Brooks Road Raunds Wellingborough NN9 6NS
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- UCB-Biopharma SRL, Development Science, Avenue de l’industrie, Braine l’Alleud, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Vardakou
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., R&D Centre, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | | | - Glenn Myatt
- Instem, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
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Curcio V, Macirella R, Sesti S, Ahmed AIM, Talarico F, Pizzolotto R, Tagarelli A, Mezzasalma M, Brunelli E. The role of exposure window and dose in determining lead toxicity in developing Zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136095. [PMID: 35995187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is recognized worldwide as a serious threat to human health and wildlife, and reducing their emissions is a priority of international and EU actions. Due to its persistence, high bioaccumulation tendency, and toxicity properties, lead (Pb) is one of the heavy metals of greatest concern. Even at low concentrations, lead induces various clinical and subclinical conditions in both humans and animals, and it has been included in the priority list of hazardous substances. In the present study, we used zebrafish's early stages as a model, given their well-acknowledged predictive value in the risk assessment of chemicals. This study was designed to investigate the morphological and morphometric alterations induced by Pb during zebrafish's early development and disclose the putative effects stage- and/or dose-dependent. We examined injuries induced by two environmentally relevant and extremely low concentrations of Pb (2.5 μg/L and 5 μg/L) during two exposure windows: early (between 1 and 7 dpf) and late (between 2 and 8 dpf). We clearly demonstrated that the incidence and severity of morphological abnormalities increased with increasing Pb dose and exposure time in both early and late-exposed groups. Furthermore, we revealed that malformation severity was significantly higher in the early exposed group than in the late exposure group at all exposure times and for both tested doses, thus highlighting the high sensitivity of zebrafish during the initial stages of development. The information presented in this paper emphasizes the effectiveness of morphological biomarkers in unveiling threatening situations and supports the role of zebrafish embryos and larvae in risk assessment and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Curcio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Settimio Sesti
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Abdalmoiz I M Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Talarico
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzolotto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Della Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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21
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Bailone RL, Fukushima HCS, de Aguiar LK, Borra RC. Calcium Chloride Toxicology for Food Safety Assessment Using Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos. Comp Med 2022; 72:342-348. [PMID: 36123048 PMCID: PMC9827598 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The salt calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is widely used in industry as a food additive; levels for human consumption are regulated by international or governmental agencies. Generally, the food industry relies on toxicity studies conducted in mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits for determining food safety. However, testing in mammals is time-consuming and expensive. Zebrafish have been used in a range of toxicological analyses and offer advantages with regard to sensitivity, time, and cost. However, information in not available with regard to whether the sensitivity of zebrafish to CaCl₂ is comparable to the concentrations of CaCl₂ used as food additives. The aim of this study was to compare the CaCl₂ tolerance of zebrafish embryos and larvae with concentrations currently approved as food additives. Acute toxicity, embryotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity assays were used to determine the threshold toxic concentration of CaCl₂ in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The data showed that doses above 0.4% had toxic effects on development and on the activity of the cardiac and neuronal systems. Furthermore, all embryos exposed to 0.8 and 1.6% of CaCl₂ died after 24 hpf. These findings are consistent with the limits of CaCl₂ concentrations approved by Codex Alimentarius. Therefore, zebrafish embryos could be suitable for screening food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lacava Bailone
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil;,Department of Federal Inspection Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil, São Carlos, Brazil;,Corresponding Author.
| | | | - Luis Kluwe de Aguiar
- Department of Food, Land and Agribusiness Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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22
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Oh HN, Yoo D, Park S, Lee S, Kim WK. Developmental neurotoxicity induced by glutaraldehyde in neuron/astrocyte co-cultured cells and zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113891. [PMID: 35868176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity, development toxicity, carcinogenicity, and acute or chronic toxic effects of glutaraldehyde (GA), particularly during occupational exposure through its use as a fixative, disinfectant, and preservative, are well-documented but its effects on neurotoxicity have not been investigated. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to examine the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of GA. Neurite outgrowth was examined in an in vitro co-culture model consisting of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and human astrocytes. Cell Counting Kit-8, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and high-content screening revealed that GA significantly inhibited neurite outgrowth at non-cytotoxic concentration. Further studies showed that GA upregulated the mRNA expression of the astrocyte markers GFAP and S100β and downregulated the expression of the neurodevelopmental genes Nestin, βIII-tubulin, GAP43, and MAP2. Furthermore, in vivo zebrafish embryo toxicity tests explored the effects of GA on neural morphogenesis. GA adversely affected the early development of zebrafish embryos, resulting in decreased survival, irregular hatching, and reduced heart rate in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the width of the brain and spinal cord was reduced, and the myelination of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes was decreased by GA in transgenic zebrafish lines. These data suggest that GAs have potential DNT in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the need for caution regarding the neurotoxicity of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donggon Yoo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Seo SY, Park YH, Jung SK, Kim J. Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Disinfectant Containing Percarbonate and Tetraacetylethylenediamine by Measuring Behavioral Responses of Small Fish Using Image Analysis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022; 27:687-696. [PMID: 35730032 PMCID: PMC9188641 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disinfectants containing percarbonate and tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) has been developed as an effective and relatively safe disinfectant to destroy viruses and bacteria in animals and humans, however it is known that most disinfectants can cause danger to living organisms including humans. In the current study, acute toxicity of the disinfectant composed of percarbonate and TAED was assessed by measuring behavioral responses as well as lethal concentrations of aquatic organisms such as medaka and zebrafish when they were exposed to it. First, the breeding water properties were determined by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH changes over time up to 96 h in acute toxicity tests using the medaka, and the lethal concentration 50% (LC50, 88.39 ppm) was calculated using the lethality rate of the fish. This experiment was conducted in compliance with traditional OECD guidelines. Second, the assessment of behavioral responses (locomotive activity and swimming speed) with the zebrafish were assessed by the image analysis to capture the images per second for three hours, and the collected data were processed using image analysis to calculate the locomotive activity and swimming speed. Finally, the LC50 (135.76 ppm) of the disinfectant to the fish was also measured after three hours. Overall, the data revealed that LC50 of the disinfectant may be affected by the pH of the water exposed to the disinfectant, not by the DO in the water. In addition, the results from the image analysis indicated that the behavioral responses of the fish can further assess the acute toxicity of the disinfectant at concentrations below the LC50 and there was a relationship (R2 = 0.85) between the behavioral responses and the survival rate of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yoon Seo
- Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016 Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Park
- Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016 Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Jung
- Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016 Korea
| | - Jinku Kim
- Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016 Korea
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Balkrishna A, Lochab S, Varshney A. Livogrit, a herbal formulation of Boerhavia diffusa, Phyllanthus niruri and Solanum nigrum reverses the thioacetamide induced hepatocellular toxicity in zebrafish model. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1056-1064. [PMID: 35571233 PMCID: PMC9097504 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research studies in the past years have shown encouraging therapeutic potential of herbal medicines in liver ailments. Livogrit is a well characterized formulation prepared by mixing extracts of plants, Boerhavia diffusa, Phyllanthus niruri and Solanum nigrum in precise ratios. Our study demonstrates the curative role of Livogrit in thioacetamide (TAA) induced zebrafish model of hepatotoxicity. This is a systematic study, wherein we first screened Livogrit for an effective dose and treatment time-course. Once established, we conducted subsequent experiments to compare the hepatoprotective effects of Livogrit with a reference drug, prednisone. We evaluated a wide range of liver function variables including, albumin, AST, bilirubin, creatinine, platelet clotting factor, INR and sodium blood serum to assess the degree of liver dysfunctionality. Results from screening experiments suggested that Livogrit treatment for 14 days at an effective dose (ED3-142 μg/kg) significantly revamped the deviated serum biochemistry. The experiments comparing prednisone and Livogrit demonstrated that the treatment with the herbal formation was more effective against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity. Liver function parameters indicating hepatic dysfunctionality showed better recovery with Livogrit as compared to prednisone. Furthermore, we enumerated a scoring method for assessing degree of liver dysfunctionality based on the values of bilirubin, creatinine and INR. The herbal formulation in comparison to prednisone successfully restored the liver dysfunction index to low risk. The liver cytology showed a decline in the hepatocyte cell death that further corroborated the promising curative potential of Livogrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park, Glasgow G41 1AU, UK
| | - Savita Lochab
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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25
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Abd Rashid NA, Lau BF, Kue CS. Differential toxicity and teratogenic effects of the hot water and cold water extracts of Lignosusrhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden sclerotium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114787. [PMID: 34756971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The sclerotium of Lignosusrhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden is highly valued for its purported medicinal properties. The decoction and macerated materials prepared from the sclerotium are used for treating cancer and other ailments based on extensive traditional knowledge. Scientific evidence from in vitro cytototoxicity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory analyses showed the effectiveness of sclerotial water extracts but toxicity assessment of such preparations has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to compare the differential toxicity and teratogenicity (if any) of the hot water (HW) and cold water (CW) extracts of both wild and cultivated sclerotium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish embryos were treated with varying concentrations of the sclerotial HW and CW extracts (0.3-500 μg/mL) for 72 h until hatching. The hatching, mortality and heartbeat rate of the embryos as well as the potential teratogenic effect of the extracts were assessed in embryos post-treatment with the extracts. RESULTS While the sclerotial HW extracts were nontoxic (LC50 > 500 μg/mL), the sclerotial CW extracts delayed the hatching of the embryos up to 48 h and showed slight toxicity with LC50 values of 398.4 μg/mL and 428.3 μg/mL for the cultivated and wild sclerotium, respectively. The sclerotial CW extracts also induced minor tachycardia in zebrafish larvae. Phenotypic assessment revealed that, while yolk sac edema was observed at high concentrations (300 and 500 μg/mL) of all extracts, curved trunk and bent tail were only observed in the embryos treated with CW extracts of wild sclerotium (300 and 500 μg/mL) but not for CW extracts of cultivated sclerotium at similar concentrations. CONCLUSION The sclerotial water extracts of L.rhinocerus prepared using different methods have varying degree of toxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos with the sclerotial CW extracts showed higher toxicity than the HW extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ayuni Abd Rashid
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Park J, An G, Lim W, Song G. Aclonifen induces bovine mammary gland epithelial cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis and inducing ROS production. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105011. [PMID: 35082034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides play key roles in agriculture. Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops. Since it has a long half-life, it is considered persistent and can easily accumulate in the environment. Therefore, livestock and humans are at risk of exposure to aclonifen. Importantly, aclonifen is toxic to several mammals such as rats, mice, and dogs. However, the toxicity of aclonifen in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate its toxicity in cattle using bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T). We found that aclonifen induces sub-G1 phase arrest and represses MAC-T proliferation. In addition, aclonifen caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by excessive ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostases were disrupted after aclonifen treatment. Moreover, aclonifen treatment caused alterations in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of cell survival and death. In conclusion, aclonifen causes MAC-T cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and the collapse of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Khabib MNH, Sivasanku Y, Lee HB, Kumar S, Kue CS. Alternative animal models in predictive toxicology. Toxicology 2022; 465:153053. [PMID: 34838596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity testing relies heavily on animals, especially rodents as part of the non-clinical laboratory testing of substances. However, the use of mammalians and the number of animals employed in research has become a concern for institutional ethics committees. Toxicity testing involving rodents and other mammals is laborious and costly. Alternatively, non-rodent models are used as replacement, as they have less ethical considerations and are cost-effective. Of the many alternative models that can be used as replacement models, which ones can be used in predictive toxicology? What is the correlation between these models and rodents? Are there standardized protocols governing the toxicity testing of these commonly used predictive models? This review outlines the common alternative animal models for predictive toxicology to address the importance of these models, the challenges, and their standard testing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nur Hamizan Khabib
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yogeethaa Sivasanku
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University Lakesike Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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28
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Maciag M, Wnorowski A, Bednarz K, Plazinska A. Evaluation of β-adrenergic ligands for development of pharmacological heart failure and transparency models in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115812. [PMID: 34838787 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity represents one of the most common reasons for clinical trial failure. Consequently, early identification of novel cardioprotective strategies could prevent the later-stage drug-induced cardiac side effects. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in preclinical studies has greatly increased. High-throughput and low-cost of assays make zebrafish model ideal for initial drug discovery. A common strategy to induce heart failure is a chronic β-adrenergic (βAR) stimulation. Herein, we set out to test a panel of βAR agonists to develop a pharmacological heart failure model in zebrafish. We assessed βAR agonists with respect to the elicited mortality, changes in heart rate, and morphological alterations in zebrafish larvae according to Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test. Among the tested βAR agonists, epinephrine elicited the most potent onset of heart stimulation (EC50 = 0.05 mM), which corresponds with its physiological role as catecholamine. However, when used at ten-fold higher dose (0.5 mM), the same compound caused severe heart rate inhibition (-28.70 beats/min), which can be attributed to its cardiotoxicity. Further studies revealed that isoetharine abolished body pigmentation at the sublethal dose of 7.50 mM. Additionally, as a proof of concept that zebrafish can mimic human cardiac physiology, we tested βAR antagonists (propranolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, and labetalol) and verified that they inhibited fish heart rate in a similar fashion as in humans. In conclusion, we proposed two novel pharmacological models in zebrafish; i.e., epinephrine-dependent heart failure and isoetharine-dependent transparent zebrafish. We provided strong evidence that the zebrafish model constitutes a valuable tool for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Maciag
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kinga Bednarz
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Plazinska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Knudsen Dal NJ, Speth M, Johann K, Barz M, Beauvineau C, Wohlmann J, Fenaroli F, Gicquel B, Griffiths G, Alonso-Rodriguez N. The zebrafish embryo as an in vivo model for screening nanoparticle-formulated lipophilic anti-tuberculosis compounds. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049147. [PMID: 34842273 PMCID: PMC8807572 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, new and effective antibiotics against tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. However, the high frequency of poorly water-soluble compounds among hits in high-throughput drug screening campaigns is a major obstacle in drug discovery. Moreover, in vivo testing using conventional animal TB models, such as mice, is time consuming and costly, and represents a major bottleneck in lead compound discovery and development. Here, we report the use of the zebrafish embryo TB model for evaluating the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of five poorly water-soluble nitronaphthofuran derivatives, which were recently identified as possessing anti-TB activity in vitro. To aid solubilization, compounds were formulated in biocompatible polymeric micelles (PMs). Three of the five PM-formulated nitronaphthofuran derivatives showed low toxicity in vivo, significantly reduced bacterial burden and improved survival in infected zebrafish embryos. We propose the zebrafish embryo TB-model as a quick and sensitive tool for evaluating the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of new anti-TB compounds during early stages of drug development. Thus, this model is well suited for pinpointing promising compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils-Jørgen Knudsen Dal
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Speth
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerstin Johann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Beauvineau
- Chemical Library Institut Curie/CNRS, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196 and CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1193, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Dep Génomes and Génétique, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, 518054 Shenzhen, China
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Noelia Alonso-Rodriguez
- Department Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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30
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Wang S, Lopez S, El Ahmadie N, Wengrovitz AS, Ganter J, Zhao YH, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Assessing sub-lethal effects of the dinitroaniline herbicide pendimethalin in zebrafish embryos/larvae (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 89:107051. [PMID: 34813896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pendimethalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds by inhibiting the formation of microtubules during cell division. Its use on a variety of crops leads to its potential entry into aquatic environments, but little is known about its sub-lethal toxicity to early developmental stages of aquatic vertebrates. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the toxicity of pendimethalin to zebrafish embryos and larvae by measuring mortality, developmental abnormalities, oxidative respiration, reactive oxygen species, gene expression, and locomotor activity following exposure to the herbicide throughout early development. Embryos at ~6 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to either a solvent control (0.1% DMSO, v/v), embryo rearing medium (ERM), or one dose of either 1, 2.5, 5, or 25 μM pendimethalin for up to 7-days post fertilization depending on the bioassay. Exposure to 25 μM pendimethalin resulted in high prevalence of spinal curvature, tail malformations, pericardial edema, and yolk sac edema at 4 dpf, while exposure to 5 μM pendimethalin induced pericardial edema and lordosis in the fish exposed over 7 dpf. Exposure to pendimethalin up to 5 μM did not negatively impact oxidative respiration (e.g., basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP production) in embryos following a 24-h exposure. Pendimethalin did not induce reactive oxygen species at concentrations of 1-5 μM. Levels of transcripts associated with oxidative respiration and damage response were altered in 7d-larvae; cox1 mRNA was increased in larvae fish exposed to 1 μM while cox5a1 and sod2 mRNA were decreased with 2.5 μM exposure. The Visual Motor Response (VMR) test for light-dark response revealed that larval activity in the dark period was reduced for zebrafish exposed to >1 μM pendimethalin compared to ERM and DMSO solvent control groups. These data inform on the sub-lethal toxicity of pendimethalin to early stages of fish embryos and larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Sofia Lopez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nader El Ahmadie
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew S Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Ganter
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuan Hui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Manik M, Srivastava J, Dev R, Haldar S, Varshney A. Chyawanprash, An Ancient Indian Ayurvedic Medicinal Food, Regulates Immune Response in Zebrafish Model of Inflammation by Moderating Inflammatory Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751576. [PMID: 34867361 PMCID: PMC8633414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-tested Ayurvedic medicinal food, Chyawanprash, has been a part of the Indian diet since ancient times. It is an extremely concentrated mixture of extracts from medicinal herbs and processed minerals, known for its immunity boosting, rejuvenating, and anti-oxidative effects. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of Patanjali Special Chyawanprash (PSCP) using the zebrafish model of inflammation. Zebrafish were fed on PSCP-infused pellets at stipulated doses for 13 days before inducing inflammation through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The test subjects were monitored for inflammatory pathologies like behavioral fever, hyperventilation, skin hemorrhage, locomotory agility, and morphological anomaly. PSCP exerted a strong prophylactic effect on the zebrafish that efficiently protected them from inflammatory manifestations at a human equivalent dose. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), were also reduced in the LPS-stimulated zebrafish fed on PSCP-infused pellets. Skin hemorrhage, hyperventilation, and loss of caudal fins are characteristics of LPS-induced inflammation in zebrafish. PSCP prophylactically ameliorated skin hemorrhage, restored normal respiration, and prevented loss of caudal fin in inflamed zebrafish. Under in vitro conditions, PSCP reduced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion by THP-1 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner by targeting NF-κB signaling, as evident from the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay. These medicinal benefits of PSCP can be attributed to its constitutional bioactive components. Taken together, these observations provide in vivo validation of the anti-inflammatory property and in vitro insight into the mode-of-action of Chyawanprash, a traditionally described medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Moumita Manik
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Swati Haldar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Amorim LS, Marques Goes PE, Figueiredo RDA, Souza JADCR, Tavares JF, Castellano LRC, Castro RDD, Farias D, de Aquino SG. In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Anacardium occidentale L. extracts and their toxicity on PBMCs and zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2653-2663. [PMID: 34595971 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action of crude extracts from Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) leaves and bark, and to determine their toxicity to peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Chemical analysis of extracts was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against selected bacteria strains by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using resazurin method, while the effect on production of ROS by PMN leukocytes was measured by luminol. Embryotoxicity to zebrafish was assessed using the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET) and quantification of toxicity marker enzymes (AChE, LDH, and GST). 1H-NMR results showed anacardic acid as the main component of the extracts. All bacterial species tested were sensitive to the extracts, with MICs ranging from 312.5 to 10,000 μg/mL. Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible species. The extracts promoted cell viability above 75% at concentrations from 1.25 to 80 μg/mL. Both extracts reduced zymosan-induced ROS (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 1, 8, and 80 μg/mL compared to the control. In vivo, there were embryotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to both extracts through the presence of lethal and sublethal endpoints. The samples also acted by inhibiting the activities of biomarker enzymes. The A. occidentale L. bark and leaf extracts showed antimicrobial potential and modulated ROS production in vitro, but these also showed embryotoxic effects to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Souza Amorim
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everton Marques Goes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences (CCEN), Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia de Aquino
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
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33
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Fukushima HCS, Bailone RL, Corrêa T, Janke H, De Aguiar LK, Setti PG, Borra RC. Zebrafish toxicological screening could aid Leishmaniosis drug discovery. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:27. [PMID: 34530926 PMCID: PMC8444568 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently a screen from a library of 1.8 million compounds identified in vitro a potent activity of the 2-aminobenzimidazoles series against Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent responsible by over 20.000 deaths each year. Several analogs were synthesized and in vitro tested through an optimization program, leading to a promising 2-aminobenzimidazoles derived compound (2amnbzl-d) that was progressed to in vivo mice studies. However, the not expected toxic effects prevented its progression to more advanced preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. Due to limitations of cell models in detecting whole organism complex interactions, 90% of the compounds submitted to pre-clinical tests are reproved. The use of Zebrafish embryo models could improve this rate, saving mammals, time and costs in the development of new drugs. To test this hypothesis, we compared 2amnbzl-d with two compounds with already established safety profile: carbamazepine and benznidazole, using an embryo Zebrafish platform based on acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity assays (Pltf-AcHpNrCd). RESULTS Tests were performed blindly, and the results demonstrated the presence of lethal and teratogenic effects (CL50%: 14.8 µM; EC50%: 8.6 µM), hepatotoxic in concentrations above 7.5 µM and neurotoxic in embryos exposed to 15 µM of 2amnbzl-d. Nevertheless, benznidazole exposition showed no toxicity and only the 100 µM of carbamazepine induced a bradycardia. CONCLUSIONS Results using Pltf-AcHpNrCd with zebrafish reproduced that found in the toxicological tests with mammals to a portion of the costs and time of experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirla Costa Silva Fukushima
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Lacava Bailone
- Department of Federal Inspection Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil, Federal Inspection Service,, Treze de Maio, Street n°1558, Bela Vista, São Paulo, 01327-00, Brazil.,Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Corrêa
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Helena Janke
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luís Kluwe De Aguiar
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Princia Grejo Setti
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis Road km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
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Baines RP, Wolton K, Thompson CRL. Dictyostelium discoideum: an alternative non-animal model for developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:302-318. [PMID: 34387693 PMCID: PMC8538044 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of toxicity evaluation is developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) testing. Traditionally, DART testing has been conducted in vivo in mammalian model systems. New legislation aimed at reducing animal use and the prohibitive costs associated with DART testing, together with a need to understand the genetic pathways underlying developmental toxicity means there is a growing demand for alternative model systems for toxicity evaluation. Here we explore the potential of the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which is already widely used as a simple model system for cell and developmental biology, as a potential nonanimal model for DART testing. We developed assays for high-throughput screening of toxicity during D. discoideum growth and development. This allowed the toxicity of a broad range of test compounds to be characterized, which revealed that D. discoideum can broadly predict mammalian toxicity. In addition, we show that this system can be used to perform functional genomic screens to compare the molecular modes of action of different compounds. For example, genome-wide screens for mutations that affect lithium and valproic acid toxicity allowed common and unique biological targets and molecular processes mediating their toxicity to be identified. These studies illustrate that D. discoideum could represent a predictive nonanimal model for DART testing due to its amenability to high-throughput approaches and molecular genetic tractability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Molecular neural crest cell markers enable discrimination of organophosphates in the murine cardiac embryonic stem cell test. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1513-1520. [PMID: 34401361 PMCID: PMC8355823 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates induced distinctive effects on neural crest cells within the ESTc. Neural crest gene transcripts were of added value to the original ESTc read-out. Mechanistic information adds value to the applicability of the ESTc.
The cardiac embryonic stem cell test (ESTc) originally used the differentiation of beating cardiomyocytes for embryotoxicity screenings of compounds. However, the ESTc consists of a heterogeneous cell population, including neural crest (NC) cells, which are important contributors to heart development in vivo. Molecular markers for NC cells were investigated to explore if this approach improved discrimination between structurally related chemicals, using the three organophosphates (OP): chlorpyrifos (CPF), malathion (MLT), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP). To decrease the test duration and to improve the objective quantification of the assay read-out, gene transcript biomarkers were measured on study day 4 instead of the traditional cardiomyocyte beating assessment at day 10. Gene expression profiling and immunocytochemistry were performed using markers for pluripotency, proliferation and cardiomyocyte and NC differentiation. Cell proliferation was also assessed by measurements of embryoid body (EB) size and total protein quantification (day 7). Exposure to the OPs resulted in similar patterns of inhibition of beating cardiomyocyte differentiation and of myosin protein expression on day 10. However, these three chemically related compounds induced distinctive effects on NC cell differentiation, indicated by changes in expression levels of the NC precursor (Msx2), NC marker (Ap2α), and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT; Snai2) gene transcripts. This study shows that investigating NC markers can provide added value for ESTc outcome profiling and may enhance the applicability of this assay for the screening of structurally related test chemicals.
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The Role of Polymeric Coatings for a Safe-by-Design Development of Biomedical Gold Nanoparticles Assessed in Zebrafish Embryo. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041004. [PMID: 33919768 PMCID: PMC8070688 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the biomedical field, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have attracted the attention of the scientific community thanks to their high potential in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The extensive use of GNPs led researchers to investigate their toxicity, identifying stability, size, shape, and surface charge as key properties determining their impact on biological systems, with possible strategies defined to reduce it according to a Safe-by-Design (SbD) approach. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the toxicity of GNPs of various sizes and with different coating polymers on the developing vertebrate model, zebrafish. In particular, increasing concentrations (from 0.001 to 1 nM) of 6 or 15 nm poly-(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)-graft-dodecyl polymer (PMA)- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GNPs were tested on zebrafish embryos using the fish embryo test (FET). While GNP@PMA did not exert significant toxicity on zebrafish embryos, GNP@PEG induced a significant inhibition of embryo viability, a delay of hatching (with the smaller size NPs), and a higher incidence of malformations, in terms of tail morphology and eye development. Transmission electron microscope analysis evidenced that the more negatively charged GNP@PMA was sequestered by the positive charges of chorion proteins, with a consequent reduction in the amount of NPs able to reach the developing embryo and exert toxicological activity. The mild toxic response observed on embryos directly exposed to GNP@PMA suggest that these NPs are promising in terms of SbD development of gold-based biomedical nanodevices. On the other hand, the almost neutral GNP@PEG, which did not interact with the chorion surface and was free to cross chorion pores, significantly impacted the developing zebrafish. The present study raises concerns about the safety of PEGylated gold nanoparticles and contributes to the debated issue of the free use of this nanotool in medicine and nano-biotechnologies.
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Fitzgerald JA, Könemann S, Krümpelmann L, Županič A, Vom Berg C. Approaches to Test the Neurotoxicity of Environmental Contaminants in the Zebrafish Model: From Behavior to Molecular Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:989-1006. [PMID: 33270929 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neuroactive chemicals in the aquatic environment is on the rise and poses a potential threat to aquatic biota of currently unpredictable outcome. In particular, subtle changes caused by these chemicals to an organism's sensation or behavior are difficult to tackle with current test systems that focus on rodents or with in vitro test systems that omit whole-animal responses. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model organism for toxicological studies and testing strategies, such as the standardized use of zebrafish early life stages in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's guideline 236. In terms of neurotoxicity, the zebrafish provides a powerful model to investigate changes to the nervous system from several different angles, offering the ability to tackle the mechanisms of action of chemicals in detail. The mechanistic understanding gained through the analysis of this model species provides a good basic knowledge of how neuroactive chemicals might interact with a teleost nervous system. Such information can help infer potential effects occurring to other species exposed to neuroactive chemicals in their aquatic environment and predicting potential risks of a chemical for the aquatic ecosystem. In the present article, we highlight approaches ranging from behavioral to structural, functional, and molecular analysis of the larval zebrafish nervous system, providing a holistic view of potential neurotoxic outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:989-1006. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Krümpelmann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anže Županič
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Corsinovi D, Usai A, Sarlo MD, Giannaccini M, Ori M. Zebrafish Avatar to Develop Precision Breast Cancer Therapies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:748-759. [PMID: 33797388 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210402111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate that has become a popular alternative model for the cellular and molecular study of human tumors and for drug testing and validating approaches. Notably, zebrafish embryos, thanks to their accessibility, allow rapid collection of in vivo results prodromal to validation in the murine models in respect to the 3R principles. The generation of tumor xenograft in zebrafish embryos and larvae, or zebrafish avatar, represents a unique opportunity to study tumor growth, angiogenesis, cell invasion and metastatic dissemination, interaction between tumor and host in vivo avoiding immunogenic rejection, representing a promising platform for the translational research and personalized therapies. OBJECTIVE In this mini-review we report recent advances in breast cancer research and drug testing that took advantage of the zebrafish xenograft model using both breast cancer cell lines and patient's biopsy. CONCLUSION Patient derived xenograft, together with the gene editing, the omics biotechnology, the in vivo time lapse imaging and the high-throughput screening that are already set up and largely used in zebrafish, could represent a step forward towards precision and personalized medicine in the breast cancer research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Corsinovi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Alice Usai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Ori
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
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Zheng S, Huang W, Liu C, Xiao J, Wu R, Wang X, Cai Z, Wu K. Behavioral change and transcriptomics reveal the effects of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether exposure on neurodevelopmental toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) in early life stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141783. [PMID: 32890828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants, and their residue in the environment may threaten the ecosystem and human health. The neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs have been verified in previous studies, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Behavioral analysis and transcriptomics were performed in this study to assess the neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs on zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the potential mechanisms. The embryos were collected after fertilization and exposed to control (0.05% DMSO), 10, 50, 100 (ug/L) 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) for 7 days. The locomotion parameters of larvae were recorded and analyzed by a behavioral analysis system (EthoVision XT, Noldus). Enrichment of functions and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by GO and DAVID database. The comparison with the control group showed adverse developments such as low hatching rate, high mortality rate, alterative heart rate, and abnormal spontaneous tail coiling frequency of embryos (24hpf). For the zebrafish larvae, behavioral analyses results suggested decreased activities and movements of the treatment in the light-dark period at 120, 144 and 168hpf, especially the 50 and 100μg/L groups. The affected functions included steroid hormone regulation, neuro regulation, circadian regulation, cardioblast differentiation, immune-related regulation. The enrichment of KEGG pathways were Hedgehog signaling (Shh), Toll-like receptor signaling, FoxO signaling, and Steroid biosynthesis pathway. Hedgehog signaling pathway was further verified via RT-qPCR for its major role in the development of neurogenesis. The mRNA levels of Shh pathway indicated the inhibition of Shh signal in our study since shha, patched1, gli1 and gli2 genes were significantly down-regulated. In summary, PBDEs might influence the neurodevelopment of zebrafish in the early life stage by multiple toxic signaling pathways alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruotong Wu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Lescano CH, Freitas de Lima F, Cardoso CAL, Vieira SCH, Mónica FZ, Pires de Oliveira I. Rutin present in Alibertia edulis extract acts on human platelet aggregation through inhibition of cyclooxygenase/thromboxane. Food Funct 2021; 12:802-814. [PMID: 33393955 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alibertia edulis leaf extract is commonly used in folk medicine, with rutin caffeic and vanillic acids being its major compounds. The Alibertia edulis leaf extract was investigated for its pharmacological effects via platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, cyclic nucleotides levels, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein Ser157 and Ser239 and protein kinase Cβ2 phosphorylation, thromboxane B2, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, docking and molecular dynamics. Alibertia edulis leaf extract significantly inhibited (100-1000 μg mL-1) platelet aggregation induced by different agonists. Arachidonic acid increased levels of calcium and thromboxane B2, phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein Ser157 and Ser239, and protein kinase Cβ, which were significantly reduced by Alibertia edulis leaf extract, rutin, and caffeic acid as well mixtures of rutin/caffeic acid. Cyclooxygenase 1 activity was inhibited for Alibertia edulis leaf extract, rutin and caffeic acid. These inhibitions were firsrtly explored by specific stabilization of rutin and caffeic acid compared to diclofenac at the catalytic site from docking score and free-energy dissociation profiles. Then, simulations detailed the rutin interactions close to the heme group and Tyr385, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid to its products. Our results reveal the antiplatelet aggregation properties of Alibertia edulis leaf extract, rutin and caffeic acid providing pharmacological information about its origin from cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition and its downstream pathway.
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Shen C, Zuo Z. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an excellent vertebrate model for the development, reproductive, cardiovascular, and neural and ocular development toxicity study of hazardous chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43599-43614. [PMID: 32970263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the type of chemicals has gradually increased all over the world, and many of these chemicals may have a potentially toxic effect on human health. The zebrafish, as an excellent vertebrate model, is increasingly used for assessing chemical toxicity and safety. This review summarizes the efficacy of zebrafish as a model for the study of developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and ocular developmental toxicity of hazardous chemicals, and the transgenic zebrafish as biosensors are used to detect the environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China.
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Verma S, Varshney A. Application of Humanized Zebrafish Model in the Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induced Pathology by Tri-Herbal Medicine Coronil via Cytokine Modulation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215091. [PMID: 33147850 PMCID: PMC7662214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has been a reliable model system for studying human viral pathologies. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection has become a global chaos, affecting millions of people. There is an urgent need to contain the pandemic and develop reliable therapies. We report the use of a humanized zebrafish model, xeno-transplanted with human lung epithelial cells, A549, for studying the protective effects of a tri-herbal medicine Coronil. At human relevant doses of 12 and 58 µg/kg, Coronil inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, induced humanized zebrafish mortality, and rescued from behavioral fever. Morphological and cellular abnormalities along with granulocyte and macrophage accumulation in the swim bladder were restored to normal. Skin hemorrhage, renal cell degeneration, and necrosis were also significantly attenuated by Coronil treatment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis identified ursolic acid, betulinic acid, withanone, withaferine A, withanoside IV-V, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, rosmarinic acid, and palmatine as phyto-metabolites present in Coronil. In A549 cells, Coronil attenuated the IL-1β induced IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine secretions, and decreased TNF-α induced NF-κB/AP-1 transcriptional activity. Taken together, we show the disease modifying immunomodulatory properties of Coronil, at human equivalent doses, in rescuing the pathological features induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting its potential use in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-13-3424-4107 (ext. 7458)
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Maddela NR, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, a pervasive flame retardant: critical perspective on its emissions into the environment and human toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1809-1827. [PMID: 32760963 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulations and the voluntary activities of manufacturers have led to a market shift in the use of flame retardants (FRs). Accordingly, organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) have emerged as a replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). One of the widely used OPFRs is tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), the considerable usage of which has reached 1.0 Mt globally. High concentrations of TCEP in indoor dust (∼2.0 × 105 ng g-1), its detection in nearly all foodstuffs (max. concentration of ∼30-300 ng g-1 or ng L-1), human body burden, and toxicological properties as revealed by meta-analysis make TCEP hard to distinguish from traditional FRs, and this situation requires researchers to rethink whether or not TCEP is an appropriate choice as a new FR. However, there are many unresolved issues, which may impede global health agencies in framing stringent regulations and manufacturers considering the meticulous use of TCEP. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to highlight the factors that influence TCEP emissions from its sources, its bioaccessibility, threat of trophic transfer, and toxicogenomics in order to provide better insight into its emergence as an FR. Finally, remediation strategies for dealing with TCEP emissions, and future research directions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130105, Ecuador and Facultad la Ciencias la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130105, Ecuador
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Baran A, Yildirim S, Ghosigharehaghaji A, Bolat İ, Sulukan E, Ceyhun SB. An approach to evaluating the potential teratogenic and neurotoxic mechanism of BHA based on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in zebrafish embryo ( Danio rerio). Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:425-438. [PMID: 32909836 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120952140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been widely used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to its antioxidant activity. Despite the antioxidant effects, reported adverse effects of BHA at the cellular level have made its use controversial. In this regard, this study was performed to elucidate the potential toxicity mechanism caused by BHA at the molecular level in zebrafish embryos. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BHA at levels of 0.5, 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm and monitored at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Survival rate, hatching rate and malformations were evaluated. We examined the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis signalling accumulation in the whole body. Moreover, we evaluated histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characterization of the brain in zebrafish embryos at the 96th hour. We also examined apoptosis, histopathological and immunohistochemical (8-OHDG) characteristics in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae exposed to tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), one of the major metabolites of BHA, at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 ppm. Consequently, it has been considered that increased embryonic and larval malformations in this study may have been caused by ROS-induced apoptosis. After 96 h of exposure, positive 8-OHdG immunofluorescence, degenerative changes, and necrosis were observed in the brain of BHA and TBHQ-treated zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. BHA and TBHQ exposure could lead to an increase in 8-OHdG activities by resulting oxidative DNA damage. In particular, the obtained data indicate that the induction of ROS formation, occurring during exposure to BHA and/or multiple hydroxyl groups, could be responsible for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baran
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Erzurum Vocational School, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - S Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Ghosigharehaghaji
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İ Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - E Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - S B Ceyhun
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, 37503Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Jarque S, Rubio-Brotons M, Ibarra J, Ordoñez V, Dyballa S, Miñana R, Terriente J. Morphometric analysis of developing zebrafish embryos allows predicting teratogenicity modes of action in higher vertebrates. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:337-348. [PMID: 32822784 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The early identification of teratogens in humans and animals is mandatory for drug discovery and development. Zebrafish has emerged as an alternative model to traditional preclinical models for predicting teratogenicity and other potential chemical-induced toxicity hazards. To prove its predictivity, we exposed zebrafish embryos from 0 to 96 h post fertilization to a battery of 31 compounds classified as teratogens or non-teratogens in mammals. The teratogenicity score was based on the measurement of 16 phenotypical parameters, namely heart edema, pigmentation, body length, eye size, yolk size, yolk sac edema, otic vesicle defects, otoliths defects, body axis defects, developmental delay, tail bending, scoliosis, lateral fins absence, hatching ratio, lower jaw malformations and tissue necrosis. Among the 31 compounds, 20 were detected as teratogens and 11 as non-teratogens, resulting in 94.44 % sensitivity, 90.91 % specificity and 87.10 % accuracy compared to rodents. These percentages decreased slightly when referred to humans, with 87.50 % sensitivity, 81.82 % specificity and 74.19 % accuracy, but allowed an increase in the prediction levels reported by rodents for the same compounds. Positive compounds showed a high correlation among teratogenic parameters, pointing out at general developmental delay as major cause to explain the physiological/morphological malformations. A more detailed analysis based on deviations from main trends revealed potential specific modes of action for some compounds such as retinoic acid, DEAB, ochratoxin A, haloperidol, warfarin, valproic acid, acetaminophen, dasatinib, imatinib, dexamethasone, 6-aminonicotinamide and bisphenol A. The high degree of predictivity and the possibility of applying mechanistic approaches makes zebrafish a powerful model for screening teratogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Jarque
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jone Ibarra
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Ordoñez
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvia Dyballa
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Miñana
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Terriente
- ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mao L, Jia W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Sial MU, Jiang H. Embryonic development and oxidative stress effects in the larvae and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the strobilurin fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139031. [PMID: 32387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two important strobilurin fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin, are widely used globally. Their effects on embryonic development and oxidative stress effects in the larvae and adult fish livers of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed in our study. The hatching, mortality, and teratogenic rates were determined when the eggs of fish were exposed to kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin for 24-144 h postfertilization (hpf). For further study, the effects of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin on antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)], detoxification enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of larval zebrafish (96 h) and male or female adult zebrafish livers (up to 28 d) were evaluated for potential toxicity mechanisms. The study of embryonic development revealed that both kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin caused developmental toxicity (hatching inhibition, mortality, and teratogenic rates) increase with significant concentration- and time-dependent responses, and the 144-h median lethal values (LC50) of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin were 195.0 and 81.3 μg L-1, respectively. In the larval zebrafish study, both kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin at the highest concentrations (100 μg L-1 and 15 μg L-1, respectively) significantly increased the CAT, POD and CarE activities and MDA content compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). We further found that oxidative stress effects in adult zebrafish livers caused by long-term kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin exposure differed with time and sex. Regarding the residues in natural waters, the potential adverse effects of kresoxim-methyl and pyraclostrobin would be relatively low for adult zebrafish but must not be overlooked for zebrafish embryos/larvae (hatching impairment). Our results from the detoxification enzyme study also initially indicated that adult zebrafish had a greater detoxification ability than larvae and that males had a greater detoxification ability than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Umair Sial
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China..
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Anghel N, Winzer PA, Imhof D, Müller J, Langa X, Rieder J, Barrett LK, Vidadala RSR, Huang W, Choi R, Hulverson MA, Whitman GR, Arnold SL, Van Voorhis WC, Ojo KK, Maly DJ, Fan E, Hemphill A. Comparative assessment of the effects of bumped kinase inhibitors on early zebrafish embryo development and pregnancy in mice. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106099. [PMID: 32707170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs) are effective against a variety of apicomplexan parasites. Fifteen BKIs with promising in vitro efficacy against Neospora caninum tachyzoites, low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, and no toxic effects in non-pregnant BALB/c mice were assessed in pregnant mice. Drugs were emulsified in corn oil and were applied by gavage for 5 days. Five BKIs did not affect pregnancy, five BKIs exhibited ~15-35% neonatal mortality and five compounds caused strong effects (infertility, abortion, stillbirth and pup mortality). Additionally, the impact of these compounds on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development was assessed by exposing freshly fertilised eggs to 0.2-50 μM of BKIs and microscopic monitoring of embryo development in a blinded manner for 4 days. We propose an algorithm that includes quantification of malformations and embryo deaths, and established a scoring system that allows the calculation of an impact score (Si) indicating at which concentrations BKIs visibly affect zebrafish embryo development. Comparison of the two models showed that for nine compounds no clear correlation between Si and pregnancy outcome was observed. However, the three BKIs affecting zebrafish embryos only at high concentrations (≥40 μM) did not impair mouse pregnancy at all, and the three compounds that inhibited zebrafish embryo development already at 0.2 μM showed detrimental effects in the pregnancy model. Thus, the zebrafish embryo development test has limited predictive value to foresee pregnancy outcome in BKI-treated mice. We conclude that maternal health-related factors such as cardiovascular, pharmacokinetic and/or bioavailability properties also contribute to BKI-pregnancy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Anghel
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pablo A Winzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Langa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Rieder
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lynn K Barrett
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mathew A Hulverson
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grant R Whitman
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samuel L Arnold
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dustin J Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erkang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Verma S, Varshney A. Validation of a Novel Zebrafish Model of Dengue Virus (DENV-3) Pathology Using the Pentaherbal Medicine Denguenil Vati. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070971. [PMID: 32605167 PMCID: PMC7408079 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a devastating viral fever of humans, caused by dengue virus. Using a novel zebrafish model of dengue pathology, we validated the potential anti-dengue therapeutic properties of pentaherbal medicine, Denguenil Vati. At two different time points (at 7 and 14 days post infection with dengue virus), we tested three translational doses (5.8 μg/kg, 28 μg/kg, and 140 μg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the viral copy numbers was identified upon Denguenil Vati treatment. Hepatocyte necrosis, liver inflammation, and red blood cell (RBC) infiltration into the liver were significantly inhibited upon Denguenil treatment. Treatment with Denguenil Vati significantly recovered the virus-induced decreases in total platelet numbers and total RBC count, and concomitantly increasing hematocrit percentage, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, virus-induced white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly normalized. Virus-induced hemorrhage was completely abrogated by Denguenil after 14 days, at all the doses tested. Gene expression analysis identified a significant decrease in disease-induced endothelial apoptotic marker Angiopoetin2 (Ang-2) and pro-inflammatory chemokine marker CCL3 upon Denguenil treatment. Presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, palmetin, and berberine molecules in the Denguenil formulation was detected by HPLC. Taken together, our results exhibit the potential therapeutic properties of Denguenil Vati in ameliorating pathological features of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (S.K.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-13-3424-4107 (ext. 7458)
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Balkrishna A, Rustagi Y, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Application of Zebrafish Model in the Suppression of Drug-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Traditional Indian Medicine Yogendra Ras. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040600. [PMID: 32295034 PMCID: PMC7226110 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is an elegant vertebrate employed to model the pathological etiologies of human maladies such as cardiac diseases. Persistent physiological stresses can induce abnormalities in heart functions such as cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which can lead to morbidity and mortality. In the present study, using zebrafish as a study model, efficacy of the traditional Indian Ayurveda medicine “Yogendra Ras” (YDR) was validated in ameliorating drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy. YDR was prepared using traditionally described methods and composed of nano- and micron-sized metal particles. Elemental composition analysis of YDR showed the presence of mainly Au, Sn, and Hg. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in the zebrafish following a pretreatment with erythromycin (ERY), and the onset and reconciliation of disease by YDR were determined using a treadmill electrocardiogram, heart anatomy analysis, C-reactive protein release, and platelet aggregation time-analysis. YDR treatment of CH-induced zebrafish showed comparable results with the Standard-of-care drug, verapamil, tested in parallel. Under in-vitro conditions, treatment of isoproterenol (ISP)-stimulated murine cardiomyocytes (H9C2) with YDR resulted in the suppression of drug-stimulated biomarkers of oxidative stress: COX-2, NOX-2, NOX-4, ANF, troponin-I, -T, and cardiolipin. Taken together, zebrafish showed a strong disposition as a model for studying the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines towards drug-induced cardiopathies. YDR provided strong evidence for its capability in modulating drug-induced CH through the restoration of redox homeostasis and exhibited potential as a viable complementary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 401, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar 249 401, India
| | - Yashika Rustagi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 401, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 401, India
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (A.V.); Tel.: +91-1334-244107 (K.B. & A.V.); Fax: +91-1334-244805 (K.B. & A.V.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249 401, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar 249 401, India
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (A.V.); Tel.: +91-1334-244107 (K.B. & A.V.); Fax: +91-1334-244805 (K.B. & A.V.)
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de Sá Hyacienth BM, Tavares Picanço KR, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Barros Silva L, Matias Pereira AC, Machado Góes LD, Sousa Borges R, Cardoso Ataíde R, dos Santos CBR, de Oliveira Carvalho H, Gonzalez Anduaga GM, Navarrete A, Tavares Carvalho JC. Hydroethanolic extract from Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrecasas and its marker bergenin: Toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies in silico and in vivo on zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:217-232. [PMID: 32042599 PMCID: PMC6997909 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E. uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract in zebrafish. Evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes was dose dependent. In silico bergenin and its metabolites showed high intestinal absorption. Bergenin inhibited CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
Endopleura uchi, is used for the treatment of inflammatory disease and related to the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract (EEu) in zebrafish, emphasizing the histopathological and biochemical parameters, as well as evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of the phytochemical/pharmacological marker, bergenin, as their metabolites. The animals were orally treated with EEu at a single dose of 75 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg. the oral LD50 of the EEu higher to the dose of 3000 mg/kg. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes were dose dependent. In silico pharmacokinetic predictions for bergenin and its metabolites showed moderate absorption in high human intestinal absorption (HIA) and Caco-2 models, reduced plasma protein binding, by low brain tissue binding and no P-glycoprotein (P-Gp) inhibition. Their metabolism is defined by the CYP450 enzyme, in addition to bergenin inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. In the bergenin and its metabolites in silico toxicity test it have been shown to cause carcinogenicity and a greater involvement of the bergenin with the CYP enzymes in the I and II hepatic and renal metabolism’s phases was observed. It is possible to suggest that the histopathological damages are involved with the interaction of this major compound and its metabolites at the level of the cellular-biochemical mechanisms which involve the absorption, metabolization and excretion of these possible prodrug and drug.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BBB, Brain-blood partition coefficient (C.brain/C.blood)
- Bergenin
- Biotrasformation
- EEu, Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract
- Endopleura uchi
- HAI, Index of Histopathological Changes
- HBA, Hydrogen bonding acceptors
- HBD, Hydrogen bonding donors
- HIA, Human intestinal absorption
- Hepatoxity
- IAN, Regional Herbarium of the Eastern Amazonian Embrapa
- MM, Molecular mass
- Nephrotoxity
- P-Gp, P-glycoprotein
- PPB, Plasma protein binding
- Toxicology
- hERG, ether-a-go-related human gene
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins de Sá Hyacienth
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon of the BIONORTE Network, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Karyny Roberta Tavares Picanço
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luciane Barros Silva
- Federal University of Amapá, Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Machado Góes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Raphaelle Sousa Borges
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Ataíde
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Federal University of Amapá, Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Helison de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Gloria Melisa Gonzalez Anduaga
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Laboratory of Natural Product Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Coyoacán, Zip Code 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Juscelino Kubitschek Street, Marco Zero Campus, Zip Code 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon of the BIONORTE Network, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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