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Auvergne A, Traut N, Henches L, Troubat L, Frouin A, Boetto C, Kazem S, Julienne H, Toro R, Aschard H. Multitrait analysis to decipher the intertwined genetic architecture of neuroanatomical phenotypes and psychiatric disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00266-0. [PMID: 39260564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of shared genetic factors between psychiatric disorders and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes. However, deciphering the joint genetic architecture of these outcomes has proven challenging, and new approaches are needed to infer potential genetic structure underlying those phenotypes. Multivariate analyses is arising as a meaningful approach to reveal links between MRI phenotypes and psychiatric disorders missed by univariate approaches. METHODS We first conducted univariate and multivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for nine MRI-derived brain volume phenotypes in 20K UK Biobank participants. We next performed various complementary enrichment analyses to assess whether and how univariate and multitrait approaches can distinguish disorder-associated and non-disorder-associated variants from six psychiatric disorders: bipolarity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Finally, we conducted a clustering analysis of top associated variants based on their MRI multitrait association using an optimized k-medoids approach. RESULTS Univariate MRI GWAS displayed only negligible genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, while multitrait GWAS identified multiple new associations and showed significant enrichment for variants related to both ADHD and schizophrenia. Clustering analyses further detected two clusters displaying not only enrichment for association with ADHD and schizophrenia, but also consistent direction of effects. Functional annotation analyses of those clusters pointed to multiple potential mechanisms, suggesting in particular a role of neurotrophins pathways on both MRI and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that multitrait association signature can be used to infer genetically-driven latent MRI variables associated with psychiatric disorders, opening paths for future biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Auvergne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Traut
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Léo Henches
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Troubat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arthur Frouin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Boetto
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayeh Kazem
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Julienne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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Tang Y, Li Y, Cao P, Dong Y, Xu G, Si Q, Li R, Sui Y. Striatum and globus pallidus structural abnormalities in schizophrenia: A retrospective study of the different stages of the disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111022. [PMID: 38692473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basal ganglia are important structures for the release of dopamine in the limbic circuits of the midbrain, and the striatum and globus pallidus are the major nuclei of the basal ganglia, and the dysfunction of these regions has been the basis of many models that have attempted to explain the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the volume of the striatum subregion and globus pallidus in three different stages of schizophrenia, and to analyze whether these volume changes were related to antipsychotic drugs and schizophrenia symptoms. METHODS In this study, we investigated the volume of the striatum and globus pallidus in patients with schizophrenia at three different stages. The study included 57 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FSZ), 51 patients with early-stage schizophrenia (ESZ), 86 patients with chronic schizophrenia (CSZ), and 191 healthy controls (HC), all of whom underwent structured magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Covariance analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 was used for covariance analysis to determine whether there were significant differences in striatal subregion and globus pallidus volume between groups, and stratified analysis was used to further eliminate the effect of age on brain volume. Finally, the correlation analysis between the region of interest and the cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs and psychotic symptoms was performed. RESULTS The comparison between the different stages of the illness showed significant volume differences in the left caudate nucleus (lCAU) (F = 2.665, adjusted p = 0.048), left putamen (lPUT) (F = 12.749, adjusted p < 0.001), left pallidum (lPAL) (F = 41.111, adjusted p < 0.001), and right pallidum (rPAL) (F = 14.479, adjusted p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis with corrections showed that the volume differences in the lCAU subregion disappeared. Further stratified analysis controlling for age showed that compared with the HC, the lPAL (t = 4.347, p < 0.001) was initially significantly enlarged in the FSZ group, the lPUT (t = 4.493, p < 0.001), rPUT (t = 2.190, p = 0.031), lPAL (t = 7.894, p < 0.001), and rPAL (t = 4.983, p < 0.001) volumes were all significantly increased in the ESZ group, and the lPUT (t = 3.314, p = 0.002), lPAL (t = 6.334, p < 0.001), and rPAL (t = 3.604, p < 0.001) subregion volumes were also significantly increased in the CSZ group. Correlation analysis showed that lPUT and bilateral globus pallidus were associated with cumulative dose of antipsychotics, but were not associated with clinical symptoms in each subregion. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that different subregions of the striatum and globus pallidus show significant volume differences at different stages of schizophrenia compared to HC. These volume differences may be strong radiographic evidence for schizophrenia. In addition, the lPAL was the only significantly different brain region observed in the FSZ group, suggesting that it may be a sensitive indicator of early brain structural changes in schizophrenia. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that antipsychotic drugs have an effect on the volume of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Peiyu Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yingbo Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Guoxin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qi Si
- Huai'an No. 3 People's Hospital, China
| | | | - Yuxiu Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Perez-Rando M, García-Martí G, Escarti MJ, Salgado-Pineda P, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Grasa E, Postiguillo A, Corripio I, Nacher J. Alterations in the volume and shape of the basal ganglia and thalamus in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110960. [PMID: 38325744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Different lines of evidence indicate that the structure and physiology of the basal ganglia and the thalamus is disturbed in schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether the volume and shape of these subcortical structures are affected in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations (AH), a core positive symptom of the disorder. We took structural MRI from 63 patients with schizophrenia, including 36 patients with AH and 27 patients who had never experienced AH (NAH), and 51 matched healthy controls. We extracted volumes for the left and right thalamus, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate and nucleus accumbens. Shape analysis was also carried out. When comparing to controls, the volume of the right globus pallidus, thalamus, and putamen, was only affected in AH patients. The volume of the left putamen was also increased in individuals with AH, whereas the left globus pallidus was affected in both groups of patients. The shapes of right and left putamen and thalamus were also affected in both groups. The shape of the left globus pallidus was only altered in patients lacking AH, both in comparison to controls and to cases with AH. Lastly, the general PANSS subscale was correlated with the volume of the right thalamus, and the right and left putamen, in patients with AH. We have found volume and shape alterations of many basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with and without AH, suggesting in some cases a possible relationship between this positive symptom and these morphometric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gracián García-Martí
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Quironsalud Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J Escarti
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Spain
| | - Eva Grasa
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Postiguillo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Mental Health and Psychiatry Department, Vic Hospital Consortium, Francesc Pla, Vic, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; CIBERSAM, ISCIII Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
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Dhamija A, Andrade LS, K. P, Gupta C. Correlation of age with the size of subcortical nuclei of the brain and its implication in degenerative disease: A magnetic resonance imaging study. F1000Res 2024; 12:1230. [PMID: 38693963 PMCID: PMC11061590 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139515.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a non-modifiable risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. It is well established that the brain undergoes physiological atrophy with age. So, this study was conducted to analyse the correlation between the age of the person and the size of the various subcortical nuclei of the brain and whether these measurements can serve as a useful indicator for physiological atrophy leading to degenerative disease in clinical practice. Methods A total of 600 MRI scans from healthy individuals were examined and the measurements of subcortical nuclei were taken and subsequently analysed. Results A statistically significant difference between the genders was observed in the sizes of the axial diameters of caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus. Caudate nucleus transverse diameter showed a moderate negative correlation with age in males. Globus pallidus axial diameter with age showed weak positive correlation for males. Globus pallidus transverse diameter showed weak positive correlation with age for both males and females, but it was stronger for males compared to females. Conclusions These results will help neurologists and neurosurgeons in analysing various early degenerative diseases and treat them accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditij Dhamija
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Lydia S. Andrade
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Prakashini K.
- Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandni Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Sugino T, Kin T, Saito N, Nakajima Y. Improved segmentation of basal ganglia from MR images using convolutional neural network with crossover-typed skip connection. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024; 19:433-442. [PMID: 37982960 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-03015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate and automatic segmentation of basal ganglia from magnetic resonance (MR) images is important for diagnosis and treatment of various brain disorders. However, the basal ganglia segmentation is a challenging task because of the class imbalance and the unclear boundaries among basal ganglia anatomical structures. Thus, we aim to present an encoder-decoder convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method for improved segmentation of basal ganglia by focusing on skip connections that determine the segmentation performance of encoder-decoder CNNs. We also aim to reveal the effect of skip connections on the segmentation of basal ganglia with unclear boundaries. METHODS We used the encoder-decoder CNNs with the following five patterns of skip connections: without skip connection, with full-resolution horizontal skip connection, with horizontal skip connections, with vertical skip connections, and with crossover-typed skip connections (the proposed method). We compared and evaluated the performance of the CNNs in the experiment of basal ganglia segmentation using T1-weighted MR brain images of 79 patients. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the skip connections at each scale level help CNNs to acquire multi-scale image features, the vertical skip connections contribute on acquiring finer image features for segmentation of smaller anatomical structures with more blurred boundaries, and the crossover-typed skip connections, a combination of horizontal and vertical skip connections, provided better segmentation accuracy. CONCLUSION This paper investigated the effect of skip connections on the basal ganglia segmentation and revealed the crossover-typed skip connections might be effective for improving the segmentation of basal ganglia with the class imbalance and the unclear boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sugino
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taichi Kin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhuang Q, Qiao L, Xu L, Yao S, Chen S, Zheng X, Li J, Fu M, Li K, Vatansever D, Ferraro S, Kendrick KM, Becker B. The right inferior frontal gyrus as pivotal node and effective regulator of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical response inhibition circuit. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad016. [PMID: 38666118 PMCID: PMC10917375 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background The involvement of specific basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits in response inhibition has been extensively mapped in animal models. However, the pivotal nodes and directed causal regulation within this inhibitory circuit in humans remains controversial. Objective The main aim of the present study was to determine the causal information flow and critical nodes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical inhibitory circuits and also to examine whether these are modulated by biological factors (i.e. sex) and behavioral performance. Methods Here, we capitalize on the recent progress in robust and biologically plausible directed causal modeling (DCM-PEB) and a large response inhibition dataset (n = 250) acquired with concomitant functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine key nodes, their causal regulation and modulation via biological variables (sex) and inhibitory performance in the inhibitory circuit encompassing the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), caudate nucleus (rCau), globus pallidum (rGP), and thalamus (rThal). Results The entire neural circuit exhibited high intrinsic connectivity and response inhibition critically increased causal projections from the rIFG to both rCau and rThal. Direct comparison further demonstrated that response inhibition induced an increasing rIFG inflow and increased the causal regulation of this region over the rCau and rThal. In addition, sex and performance influenced the functional architecture of the regulatory circuits such that women displayed increased rThal self-inhibition and decreased rThal to GP modulation, while better inhibitory performance was associated with stronger rThal to rIFG communication. Furthermore, control analyses did not reveal a similar key communication in a left lateralized model. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate a pivotal role of the rIFG as input and causal regulator of subcortical response inhibition nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Urenda JP, Del Dosso A, Birtele M, Quadrato G. Present and Future Modeling of Human Psychiatric Connectopathies With Brain Organoids. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:606-615. [PMID: 36759258 PMCID: PMC11229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells are emerging as a powerful tool to model cellular aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, including alterations in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and lineage trajectory. To date, most contributions in the field have focused on modeling cellular impairment of the cerebral cortex, with few studies probing dysfunction in local network connectivity. However, it is increasingly more apparent that these psychiatric disorders are connectopathies involving multiple brain structures and the connections between them. Therefore, the lack of reproducible anatomical features in these 3-dimensional cultures represents a major bottleneck for effectively modeling brain connectivity at the micro(cellular) level and at the macroscale level between brain regions. In this perspective, we review the use of current organoid protocols to model neuropsychiatric disorders with a specific emphasis on the potential and limitations of the current strategies to model impairments in functional connectivity. Finally, we discuss the importance of adopting interdisciplinary strategies to establish next-generation, multiregional organoids that can model, with higher fidelity, the dysfunction in the development and functionality of long-range connections within the brain of patients affected by psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Urenda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley Del Dosso
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcella Birtele
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Differential diagnosis of delusional symptoms in schizophrenia: Brain tractography data. COGN SYST RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chew QH, Prakash KNB, Koh LY, Chilla G, Yeow LY, Sim K. Neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia and relationship with illness duration and deficit status. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:107-113. [PMID: 36030757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of schizophrenia (SCZ) regarding psychopathology, illness trajectory and their inter-relationships with underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. In a bid to reduce illness heterogeneity using neural substrates, our study aimed to replicate the findings of an earlier study by Chand et al. (2020). We employed brain structural measures for subtyping SCZ patients, and evaluate each subtype's relationship with clinical features such as illness duration, psychotic psychopathology, and additionally deficit status. METHODS Overall, 240 subjects (160 SCZ patients, 80 healthy controls) were recruited for this study. The participants underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical rating using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Neuroanatomical subtypes of SCZ were identified using "Heterogeneity through discriminative analysis" (HYDRA), a clustering technique which accounted for relevant covariates and the inter-group normalized percentage changes in brain volume were also calculated. RESULTS As replicated, two neuroanatomical subtypes (SG-1 and SG-2) were found amongst our patients with SCZ. The subtype SG-1 was associated with enlargements in the third and lateral ventricles, volume increase in the basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, pallidum), longer illness duration, and deficit status. The subtype SG-2 was associated with reductions of cortical and subcortical structures (hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia). CONCLUSIONS These replicated findings have clinical implications in the early intervention, response monitoring, and prognostication of SCZ. Future studies may adopt a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to enhance insights into the neurobiological composition of relevant subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Koh
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Geetha Chilla
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ling Yun Yeow
- Biophotonics & Bioimaging, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Clinical Data Analytics & Radiomics, Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
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Alden EC, Smith MJ, Reilly JL, Wang L, Csernansky JG, Cobia DJ. Shape features of working memory-related deep-brain regions differentiate high and low community functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 29:100250. [PMID: 35368990 PMCID: PMC8968669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that schizophrenia (SCZ) participants with high community functioning demonstrate better verbal working memory (vWM) performance relative to those with low community functioning. In the present study, we investigated whether neuroanatomical differences in regions supporting vWM also exist between schizophrenia groups that vary on community functioning. Utilizing magnetic resonance imaging, shape features of deep-brain nuclei known to be involved in vWM were calculated in samples of high functioning (HF-SCZ, n = 23) and low functioning schizophrenia participants (LF-SCZ, n = 18), as well as in a group of healthy control participants (CON, n = 45). Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping was employed to characterize surface anatomy of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, hippocampus, and thalamus. Statistical analyses involved linear mixed-effects models and vertex-wise contrast mapping to assess between-group differences in structural shape features, and Pearson correlations to evaluate relationships between shape metrics and vWM performance. We found significant between-group main effects in deep-brain surface anatomy across all structures. Post-hoc comparisons revealed HF-SCZ and LF-SCZ groups significantly differed on both caudate and hippocampal shape, however, significant correlations with vWM were only observed in hippocampal shape for both SCZ groups. Specifically, more abnormal hippocampal deformation was associated with lower vWM suggesting hippocampal shape is both a neural substrate for vWM deficits and a potential biomarker to predict or monitor the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation. These findings add to a growing body of literature related to functional outcomes in schizophrenia by demonstrating unique shape patterns across the spectrum of community functioning in SCZ. Deep-brain abnormalities are present in patients regardless of functional severity. Caudate and hippocampal shape differ between community functioning-based groups. Verbal working memory relates to hippocampal shape in both patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Alden
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Division of Neurocognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John G Csernansky
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derin J Cobia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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11
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Rovira P, Gutiérrez B, Sorlózano-Puerto A, Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Molina E, Rivera M, Martínez-Leal R, Ibanez-Casas I, Martín-Laguna MV, Rosa A, Torres-González F, Cervilla JA. Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity Interacts with Catechol- O-methyltransferase Val105/158Met Variation Increasing the Risk of Schizophrenia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061088. [PMID: 35741850 PMCID: PMC9222771 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous and severe psychotic disorder. Epidemiological findings have suggested that the exposure to infectious agents such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. On the other hand, there is evidence involving the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val105/158Met polymorphism in the aetiology of schizophrenia since it alters the dopamine metabolism. A case−control study of 141 patients and 142 controls was conducted to analyse the polymorphism, the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG, and their interaction on the risk for schizophrenia. IgG were detected by ELISA, and genotyping was performed with TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Although no association was found between any COMT genotype and schizophrenia, we found a significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and the disorder (χ2 = 11.71; p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii was modified by the COMT genotype, with those who had been exposed to the infection showing a different risk compared to that of nonexposed ones depending on the COMT genotype (χ2 for the interaction = 7.28, p-value = 0.007). This study provides evidence that the COMT genotype modifies the risk for schizophrenia conferred by T. gondii infection, with it being higher in those individuals with the Met/Met phenotype, intermediate in heterozygous, and lower in those with the Val/Val phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rovira
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Investigadora postdoctoral Margarita Salas, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (E.M.); Tel.: +34-958-242-075 (B.G. & E.M.)
| | - Antonio Sorlózano-Puerto
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (E.M.); Tel.: +34-958-242-075 (B.G. & E.M.)
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Leal
- Unidad de Investigación en Discapacidad Intelectual y Trastornos del Desarrollo (UNIVIDD), Fundació Villablanca, IISPV, Departamento de Psicología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 43007 Reus, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Ibanez-Casas
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, 12901 NY, USA;
| | - María Victoria Martín-Laguna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Jorge A. Cervilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.R.); (M.R.); (M.V.M.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.G.-F.)
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12
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Gupta A, Bansal R, Alashwal H, Kacar AS, Balci F, Moustafa AA. Neural Substrates of the Drift-Diffusion Model in Brain Disorders. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 15:678232. [PMID: 35069160 PMCID: PMC8776710 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.678232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on the drift-diffusion model (DDM) explain decision-making based on a unified analysis of both accuracy and response times. This review provides an in-depth account of the recent advances in DDM research which ground different DDM parameters on several brain areas, including the cortex and basal ganglia. Furthermore, we discuss the changes in DDM parameters due to structural and functional impairments in several clinical disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. This review thus uses DDM to provide a theoretical understanding of different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gupta
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rohini Bansal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hany Alashwal
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anil Safak Kacar
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fuat Balci
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Gutman BA, van Erp TG, Alpert K, Ching CRK, Isaev D, Ragothaman A, Jahanshad N, Saremi A, Zavaliangos‐Petropulu A, Glahn DC, Shen L, Cong S, Alnæs D, Andreassen OA, Doan NT, Westlye LT, Kochunov P, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Huang AJ, Kessler C, Weideman A, Nguyen D, Mueller BA, Faziola L, Potkin SG, Preda A, Mathalon DH, Bustillo J, Calhoun V, Ford JM, Walton E, Ehrlich S, Ducci G, Banaj N, Piras F, Piras F, Spalletta G, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Radua J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Dickie EW, Voineskos A, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Crespo‐Facorro B, Setién‐Suero E, van Son JM, Borgwardt S, Schönborn‐Harrisberger F, Morris D, Donohoe G, Holleran L, Cannon D, McDonald C, Corvin A, Gill M, Filho GB, Rosa PGP, Serpa MH, Zanetti MV, Lebedeva I, Kaleda V, Tomyshev A, Crow T, James A, Cervenka S, Sellgren CM, Fatouros‐Bergman H, Agartz I, Howells F, Stein DJ, Temmingh H, Uhlmann A, de Zubicaray GI, McMahon KL, Wright M, Cobia D, Csernansky JG, Thompson PM, Turner JA, Wang L. A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:352-372. [PMID: 34498337 PMCID: PMC8675416 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Gutman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute)MoscowRussia
| | - Theo G.M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dmitry Isaev
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anjani Ragothaman
- Department of biomedical engineeringOregon Health and Science universityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos‐Petropulu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alexander J. Huang
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles Kessler
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea Weideman
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dana Nguyen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lawrence Faziola
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Judith Ford Mental HealthVA San Francisco Healthcare SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Departments of Psychiatry & NeuroscienceUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology]Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Judith Ford Mental HealthVA San Francisco Healthcare SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesFaculty of Medicine, TU‐DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of NeuropsychiatryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Joaquim Radua
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)TorontoCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | | | - Derek Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of PsychologyNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of PsychologyNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Dara Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive GenomicsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive GenomicsNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of PsychiatryTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil
- Hospital Sirio‐LibanesSao PauloSPBrazil
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal AnalysisMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Vasily Kaleda
- Department of Endogenous Mental DisordersMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Tomyshev
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal AnalysisMental Health Research CenterMoscowRussia
| | - Tim Crow
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anthony James
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Helena Fatouros‐Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Fleur Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape Town, Cape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape Town, Cape TownWCSouth Africa
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental DisordersUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Henk Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryTU DresdenGermany
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Margie Wright
- Queensland Brain InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Derin Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience CenterBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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14
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Hua JPY, Mathalon DH. Cortical and Subcortical Structural Morphometric Profiles in Individuals with Nonaffective and Affective Early Illness Psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac028. [PMID: 39144757 PMCID: PMC11206002 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Research has found strong evidence for common and distinct morphometric brain abnormality profiles in nonaffective psychosis (NAff-P) and affective psychosis (Aff-P). Due to chronicity and prolonged medication exposure confounds, it is crucial to examine structural morphometry early in the course of psychosis. Using Human Connectome Project-Early Psychosis data, multivariate profile analyses were implemented to examine regional profiles for cortical thickness, cortical surface area, subcortical volume, and ventricular volume in healthy control (HC; n = 56), early illness NAff-P (n = 83), and Aff-P (n = 30) groups after accounting for normal aging. Associations with symptom severity, functioning, and cognition were also examined. Group regional profiles were significantly nonparallel and differed in level for cortical thickness (P < .001), with NAff-P having widespread cortical thinning relative to HC and Aff-P and some regions showing greater deficits than others. Significant nonparallelism of group regional profiles was also evident for cortical surface area (P < .006), with Aff-P and N-Aff-P differing from HC and from each other (P < .001). For subcortical volume, there was significant profile nonparallelism with NAff-P having an enlarged left pallidum and smaller accumbens and hippocampus (P < .028), and Aff-P having a smaller accumbens and amygdala (P < .006), relative to HC. NAff-P also had larger basal ganglia compared to Aff-P. Furthermore, NAff-P had enlarged ventricles (P < .055) compared to HC and Aff-P. Additionally, greater ventricular volume was associated with increased manic symptoms in NAff-P and Aff-P. Overall, this study found common and distinct regional morphometric profile abnormalities in early illness NAff-P and Aff-P, providing evidence for both shared and disease-specific pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Y Hua
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Medical Center, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA,USA
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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15
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Cobia D, Rich C, Smith MJ, Mamah D, Csernansky JG, Wang L. Basal ganglia shape features differentiate schizoaffective disorder from schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111352. [PMID: 34399283 PMCID: PMC8545830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder represent closely related syndromes that vary in severity along a neurobiological continuum. In the present study, volume and shape of the basal ganglia was examined in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder relative to healthy controls and hypothesized that unique neuroanatomical differences would be observed in each patient group. Magnetic resonance 1.5T images were obtained from schizophrenia (n = 47), schizoaffective disorder (n = 15), and from healthy control (n = 42) participants, matched for age, gender, parental socioeconomic status, and race. The caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus were characterized using high-dimensional brain mapping procedures (Csernansky et al., 2004b). Results revealed significant shape deformations between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder that also differed from control subjects. Relative to schizophrenia, schizoaffective subjects showed exaggerated inward deformations indicative of localized volume loss in subregions of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus (all p < 0.001). These shape features correlated with mental flexibility and negative symptoms in schizophrenia (all p < 0.05), but not schizoaffective disorder. To the extent that differences in important basal ganglia substructures reflect biological heterogeneity among these two psychotic illnesses, this data could prove useful in improving diagnostic precision, as well as informing the affective component of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derin Cobia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, 1036 KMBL, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Chaz Rich
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Sigirli D, Ozdemir ST, Erer S, Sahin I, Ercan I, Ozpar R, Orun MO, Hakyemez B. Statistical shape analysis of putamen in early-onset Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 209:106936. [PMID: 34530266 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the shape differences in the putamen of early-onset Parkinson's patients compared with healthy controls and to assess and to assess sub-regional brain abnormalities. METHODS This study was conducted using the 3-T MRI scans of 23 early-onset Parkinson's patients and age and gender matched control subjects. Landmark coordinate data obtained and Procrustes analysis was used to compare mean shapes. The relationships between the centroid sizes of the left and right putamen, and the durations of disease examined using growth curve models. RESULTS While there was a significant difference between the right putamen shape of control and patient groups, there was not found a significant difference in terms of left putamen. Sub-regional analyses showed that for the right putamen, the most prominent deformations were localized in the middle-posterior putamen and minimal deformations were seen in the anterior putamen. CONCLUSION Although they were not as pronounced as those in the right putamen, the deformations in the left putamen mimic the deformations in the right putamen which are found mainly in the middle-posterior putamen and at a lesser extend in the anterior putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sigirli
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Senem Turan Ozdemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Sevda Erer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ilker Ercan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rifat Ozpar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Okay Orun
- Department of Neurology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey.
| | - Bahattin Hakyemez
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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Xu M, Guo Y, Cheng J, Xue K, Yang M, Song X, Feng Y, Cheng J. Brain iron assessment in patients with First-episode schizophrenia using quantitative susceptibility mapping. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102736. [PMID: 34186296 PMCID: PMC8254125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with first-episode schizophrenia had significantly decreased QSM values in the bilateral substantia nigra, left red nucleus and left thalamus. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia had significantly increased regional volumes in the bilateral putamen and bilateral substantia nigra. QSM provides superior sensitivity over R2* mapping in the evaluation of schizophrenia-related iron alterations. QSM values in regions that showed intergroup differences did not exhibited significant correlations with PANSS scores.
Purpose Decreased serum ferritin level was recently found in schizophrenia. Whether the brain iron concentration in schizophrenia exists abnormality is of research significance. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used in this study to assess brain iron changes in the grey matter nuclei of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Methods The local ethics committee approved the study, and all subjects gave written informed consent. Thirty patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 30 age and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. QSM and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) maps were reconstructed from a three-dimensional multi-echo gradient-echo sequence. The inter-group differences of regional QSM values, R2* values and volumes were calculated in the grey matter nuclei, including bilateral caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and thalamus. The diagnostic performance of QSM and R2* was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve. The correlations between regional iron variations and clinical PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) scores were assessed using partial correlation analysis. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with first-episode schizophrenia had significantly decreased QSM values (less paramagnetic) in the bilateral substantia nigra, left red nucleus and left thalamus (p < 0.05, FDR correction). QSM proved more sensitive than R2* regarding inter-group differences. The highest diagnostic performance for first-episode schizophrenia was observed in QSM value of the left substantia nigra (area under the curve, AUC = 0.718, p = 0.004). Regional volumes of bilateral putamen and bilateral substantia nigra were increased (p < 0.05, FDR correction) in first-episode schizophrenia. However, both QSM and R2* values did not show significant correlations with PANSS scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study reveals decreased iron concentration in grey matter nuclei of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. QSM provides superior sensitivity over R2* in the evaluation of schizophrenia-related brain iron changes. It demonstrated that QSM may be a potential biomarker for further understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of first-episode schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Xue
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education & Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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18
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Abstract
Basal ganglia, which include the striatum and thalamus, have key roles in motivation, emotion, motor function, also contribute to higher-order cognitive function. Previous researches have documented structural and functional alterations in basal ganglia in schizophrenia. While few studies have assessed asymmetries of these characters in basal ganglia of schizophrenia. The current study investigated this issue by using diffusion tensor imaging, anatomic T1-weight image and resting-state functional data from 88 chronic schizophrenic subjects and 92 healthy controls. The structural characteristic, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD) and volume, were extracted and quantified from the subregions of basal ganglia, including caudate, putamen, pallidum and thalamus, through automated atlas-based method. The resting-state functional maps of these regions were also calculated through seed-based functional connectivity. Then, the laterality indexes of structural and functional features were calculated. Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenic subjects showed increased left laterality of volume in striatum and reduced left laterality of volume in thalamus. Furthermore, the difference of laterality of subregions in thalamus is compensatory in schizophrenic subjects. Importantly, the severity of patients' positive symptom was negative corelated with reduced left laterality of volume in thalamus. Our findings provide preliminary evidence demonstrating that the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the basal ganglia in schizophrenia.
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19
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Gao J, Tang X, Wang C, Yu M, Sha W, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X. Aberrant cerebellar neural activity and cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity involving executive dysfunction in schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:869-880. [PMID: 30612342 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is a distinct subtype of schizophrenia characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. More severe executive dysfunctions were observed in DS patients, however, the associated neuroimaging characteristics, especially cerebellar functional anomalies in DS, remain largely unknown. We employed resting-state functional and structural MRI data of 106 male participants, including data from 29 DS patients, 39 non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Z-standardized fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (zfALFF) values were calculated in order to examine spontaneous regional brain activity. Cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity and changes in the volume of gray matter in the cerebellum were also examined. Relative to the HCs, both DS and NDS patients exhibited decreased zfALFF in the bilateral cerebellar lobules VIII and IX. The zfALFF in the left Crus II was lower in DS patients compared to NDS patients. No significant difference was observed in the volume of cerebellar gray matter among the three groups. Compared with NDS patients, cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity analysis revealed increased connectivity in the left orbital medial frontal cortex and right putamen regions in DS patients. Reduced zfALFF in the left Crus II in the DS group was significantly positively correlated with Stroop Color and Word scores, while negatively correlated with Trail-Making Test part B scores. The increased functional connectivity in the right putamen in DS patients was significantly positively correlated with Animal Naming Test and semantic Verbal Fluency Test scores. These results highlight cerebellar functional abnormality in DS patients and provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department I of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wutaishan Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Congjie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huai'an No. 3 People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Wutaishan Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu province, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wutaishan Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu Province, China.
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20
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Jacob A, Tward DJ, Resnick S, Smith PF, Lopez C, Rebello E, Wei EX, Ratnanather JT, Agrawal Y. Vestibular function and cortical and sub-cortical alterations in an aging population. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04728. [PMID: 32904672 PMCID: PMC7457317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that the vestibular system is responsible for maintaining balance, posture and coordination, there is increasing evidence that it also plays an important role in cognition. Moreover, a growing number of epidemiological studies are demonstrating a link between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive deficits in older adults; however, the exact pathways through which vestibular loss may affect cognition are unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to identify relationships between vestibular function and variation in morphometry in brain structures from structural neuroimaging. We used a subset of 80 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, who had both brain MRI and vestibular physiological data acquired during the same visit. Vestibular function was evaluated through the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP). The brain structures of interest that we analyzed were the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, insula, entorhinal cortex (ERC), trans-entorhinal cortex (TEC) and perirhinal cortex, as these structures comprise or are connected with the putative "vestibular cortex." We modeled the volume and shape of these structures as a function of the presence/absence of cVEMP and the cVEMP amplitude, adjusting for age and sex. We observed reduced overall volumes of the hippocampus and the ERC associated with poorer vestibular function. In addition, we also found significant relationships between the shape of the hippocampus (p = 0.0008), amygdala (p = 0.01), thalamus (p = 0.008), caudate nucleus (p = 0.002), putamen (p = 0.02), and ERC-TEC complex (p = 0.008) and vestibular function. These findings provide novel insight into the multiple pathways through which vestibular loss may impact brain structures that are critically involved in spatial memory, navigation and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Jacob
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Daniel J. Tward
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Susan Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, The
Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille Universite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Marseille, France
| | - Elliott Rebello
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric X. Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Bai Y, Pascal Z, Calhoun V, Wang YP. Optimized Combination of Multiple Graphs With Application to the Integration of Brain Imaging and (epi)Genomics Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:1801-1811. [PMID: 31825864 PMCID: PMC7394342 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2958256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of high-throughput technologies, a growing amount of multi-omics data are collected, giving rise to a great demand for combining such data for biomedical discovery. Due to the cost and time to label the data manually, the number of labelled samples is limited. This motivated the need for semi-supervised learning algorithms. In this work, we applied a graph-based semi-supervised learning (GSSL) to classify a severe chronic mental disorder, schizophrenia (SZ). An advantage of GSSL is that it can simultaneously analyse more than two types of data, while many existing models focus on pairwise data analysis. In particular, we applied GSSL to the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and DNA methylation data, which accounts for genetics, brain imaging (endophenotypes), and environmental factors (epigenomics) respectively. While parameter selection has been an open challenge for most models, another key contribution of this work is that we explored the parameter space to interpret their meaning and established practical guidelines. Based on the practical significance of each hyper-parameter, a relatively small range of candidate values can be determined in a data-driven way to both optimize and speed up the parameter tuning process. We validated the model through both synthetic data and a real SZ dataset of 184 subjects from the Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Clinical Imaging Consortium. In comparison to several existing approaches, our algorithm achieved better performance in terms of classification accuracy. We also confirmed the significance of several brain regions associated with SZ.
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22
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Wang SM, Ouyang WC, Wu MY, Kuo LC. Relationship between motor function and psychotic symptomatology in young-adult patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:373-382. [PMID: 30976916 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Motor abnormalities have been indicated to be a core manifestation of schizophrenia and not just motor side-effects of antipsychotics. However, little is known about whether all of the complete motor function, including fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance is linked to psychotic symptoms. Therefore, this study was to investigate association between complete motor function and psychotic symptoms in young-adult schizophrenia patients who had no extrapyramidal motor symptoms, which were assessed using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. Seventy schizophrenia patients were recruited. Fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance were assessed using The McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Given gender differences in muscle power, the correlation between muscle strength and psychotic symptoms was analyzed by gender separately. Partial correlation controlling for effects of the chlorpromazine equivalent dosage of antipsychotics was conducted. Better fine motor function was correlated with less-severe negative symptoms (r = - 0.49, p < 0.001) in the total sample. In men, better muscle strength was correlated with more severe positive symptoms and less-severe negative symptoms (r = 0.41, p = 0.008; r = - 0.55, p < 0.001). The link between motor function and psychotic symptoms may support the cerebellar and basal ganglia hypotheses of schizophrenia, proposing that diverse schizophrenia symptoms may share the same neural deficiency, that is, dysfunction of cerebellum or basal ganglia. Considering the moderate-to-strong association between muscle strength and psychotic symptoms, muscle strength might be a powerful physical predictor of psychotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, College of Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Hemispheric Asymmetry of Globus Pallidus Relates to Alpha Modulation in Reward-Related Attentional Tasks. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9221-9236. [PMID: 31578234 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0610-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia have been widely explored in relation to motor control, recent evidence suggests that their mechanisms extend to the domain of attentional switching. We here investigated the subcortical involvement in reward related top-down control of visual alpha-band oscillations (8-13 Hz), which have been consistently linked to mechanisms supporting the allocation of visuospatial attention. Given that items associated with contextual saliency (e.g., monetary reward or loss) attract attention, it is not surprising that the acquired salience of visual items further modulates. The executive networks controlling such reward-dependent modulations of oscillatory brain activity have yet to be fully elucidated. Although such networks have been explored in terms of corticocortical interactions, subcortical regions are likely to be involved. To uncover this, we combined MRI and MEG data from 17 male and 11 female participants, investigating whether derived measures of subcortical structural asymmetries predict interhemispheric modulation of alpha power during a spatial attention task. We show that volumetric hemispheric lateralization of globus pallidus (GP) and thalamus (Th) explains individual hemispheric biases in the ability to modulate posterior alpha power. Importantly, for the GP, this effect became stronger when the value saliency parings in the task increased. Our findings suggest that the GP and Th in humans are part of a subcortical executive control network, differentially involved in modulating posterior alpha activity in the presence of saliency. Further investigation aimed at uncovering the interaction between subcortical and neocortical attentional networks would provide useful insight in future studies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Whereas the involvement of subcortical regions into higher level cognitive processing, such as attention and reward attribution, has been already indicated in previous studies, little is known about its relationship with the functional oscillatory underpinnings of said processes. In particular, interhemispheric modulation of alpha band (8-13 Hz) oscillations, as recorded with magnetoencephalography, has been previously shown to vary as a function of salience (i.e., monetary reward/loss) in a spatial attention task. We here provide novel insights into the link between subcortical and cortical control of visual attention. Using the same reward-related spatial attention paradigm, we show that the volumetric lateralization of subcortical structures (specifically globus pallidus and thalamus) explains individual biases in the modulation of visual alpha activity.
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24
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Basal ganglia volumetric changes in psychotic spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 255:150-157. [PMID: 31153051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal ganglia are particularly important for understanding the pathobiology of psychosis given their key roles in dopaminergic neurotransmission which are associated with psychotic symptoms and one of the target sites of antipsychotic drugs. Psychotic symptoms are prevalent in both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Although the components of basal ganglia are implicated in psychosis, comparative structural changes of components of the basal ganglia between SZ and BD are less clear after disentanglement of clinical effects of antipsychotic dose, duration and severity of illness. METHODS In this study, we examined the morphology of the basal ganglia in 326 subjects comprising of 45 patients of BD type I with psychotic symptoms, 97 first-episode SZ (FE-SZ) patients, 86 non-first-episode chronic SZ (NFE-SZ) patients, in comparison with 98 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Results showed increased volumes in subregions of caudate, putamen, and pallidum in chronic SZ patients compared with HC after controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume. No change was found between FE-SZ patients, psychotic BD patients, and HC. Furthermore, hierarchical regressions showed that the dosage of antipsychotics had a significant contribution to basal ganglia volumetric enlargement in NFE-SZ after controlling for the effects of age, gender, total intracranial volume, age at illness onset, as well as illness duration and severity. LIMITATIONS Lack of information about the cumulative history of exposure to medication for all the three groups of patients is a major limitation in our study. CONCLUSIONS There are distinct basal ganglia structural changes in SZ and psychotic BD. Basal ganglia are enlarged in chronic SZ but not in FE-SZ and BD and this enlargement is significantly associated with antipsychotic dosage over and beyond the effects of illness duration and severity.
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25
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Fernandez G, Kuruvilla S, Hines CDG, Poignant F, Marr J, Forest T, Briscoe R. Brain findings associated with risperidone in rhesus monkeys: magnetic resonance imaging and pathology perspectives. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:233-243. [PMID: 31719750 PMCID: PMC6831502 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain changes associated with risperidone, a dopamine-2/serotonin-2 receptor antagonist, have been documented in rats and humans, but not in nonhuman primates. This study characterized brain changes associated with risperidone in nonhuman primates. Rhesus monkeys were orally administered risperidone in a dose-escalation paradigm up to a maximum tolerated dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks, or 3 months followed by a 3-month recovery period. Transient and fully reversible neurological signs consistent with risperidone pharmacology were observed. The results of a magnetic resonance imaging evaluation after 3 months of treatment and at the end of the 3-month recovery period showed no meaningful changes in the brain. There were no risperidone-related brain weight changes or gross findings. Histomorphological evaluation of brain sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and luxol fast blue/cresyl violet double staining showed no notable differences between control and risperidone groups. However, evaluation of the brain after glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical staining revealed increased staining in the cell bodies and processes of astrocytes in the putamen without apparent alterations in numbers or distribution. The increase in GFAP staining was present after 3 weeks and 3 months of treatment, but no increase in staining was observed after the 3-month recovery period, demonstrating the reversibility of this finding. The reversible increase in GFAP expression was likely an adaptive, non-adverse response of astrocytes, associated with the pharmacology of risperidone. These observations are valuable considerations in the nonclinical risk assessment of new drug candidates for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fernandez
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sabu Kuruvilla
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Catherine D G Hines
- Translational Imaging Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Frédéric Poignant
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Laboratoires Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret, Route de Marsat - Riom, 63963 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 9, France
| | - James Marr
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Thomas Forest
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Richard Briscoe
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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26
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Holper L, Ben-Shachar D, Mann JJ. Multivariate meta-analyses of mitochondrial complex I and IV in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:837-849. [PMID: 29855563 PMCID: PMC6461987 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase, NDU) and complex IV (cytochrome-c-oxidase, COX) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). We conducted meta-analyses comparing complex I and IV in each disorder MDD, BD, SZ, AD, and PD, as well as in normal aging. The electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies published between 1980 and 2018. Of 2049 screened studies, 125 articles were eligible for the meta-analyses. Complex I and IV were assessed in peripheral blood, muscle biopsy, or postmortem brain at the level of enzyme activity or subunits. Separate meta-analyses of mood disorder studies, MDD and BD, revealed moderate effect sizes for similar abnormality patterns in the expression of complex I with SZ in frontal cortex, cerebellum and striatum, whereas evidence for complex IV alterations was low. By contrast, the neurodegenerative disorders, AD and PD, showed strong effect sizes for shared deficits in complex I and IV, such as in peripheral blood, frontal cortex, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Beyond the diseased state, there was an age-related robust decline in both complexes I and IV. In summary, the strongest support for a role for complex I and/or IV deficits, is in the pathophysiology of PD and AD, and evidence is less robust for MDD, BD, or SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holper
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - D Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - J J Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Luo Q, Chen Q, Wang W, Desrivières S, Quinlan EB, Jia T, Macare C, Robert GH, Cui J, Guedj M, Palaniyappan L, Kherif F, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Artiges E, Paillère-Martinot ML, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Pausova Z, Dartigues JF, Tzourio C, Crivello F, Berman KF, Li F, Paus T, Weinberger DR, Murray RM, Schumann G, Feng J. Association of a Schizophrenia-Risk Nonsynonymous Variant With Putamen Volume in Adolescents: A Voxelwise and Genome-Wide Association Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:435-445. [PMID: 30649180 PMCID: PMC6450291 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Importance Deviation from normal adolescent brain development precedes manifestations of many major psychiatric symptoms. Such altered developmental trajectories in adolescents may be linked to genetic risk for psychopathology. Objective To identify genetic variants associated with adolescent brain structure and explore psychopathologic relevance of such associations. Design, Setting, and Participants Voxelwise genome-wide association study in a cohort of healthy adolescents aged 14 years and validation of the findings using 4 independent samples across the life span with allele-specific expression analysis of top hits. Group comparison of the identified gene-brain association among patients with schizophrenia, unaffected siblings, and healthy control individuals. This was a population-based, multicenter study combined with a clinical sample that included participants from the IMAGEN cohort, Saguenay Youth Study, Three-City Study, and Lieber Institute for Brain Development sample cohorts and UK biobank who were assessed for both brain imaging and genetic sequencing. Clinical samples included patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings of patients from the Lieber Institute for Brain Development study. Data were analyzed between October 2015 and April 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Gray matter volume was assessed by neuroimaging and genetic variants were genotyped by Illumina BeadChip. Results The discovery sample included 1721 adolescents (873 girls [50.7%]), with a mean (SD) age of 14.44 (0.41) years. The replication samples consisted of 8690 healthy adults (4497 women [51.8%]) from 4 independent studies across the life span. A nonsynonymous genetic variant (minor T allele of rs13107325 in SLC39A8, a gene implicated in schizophrenia) was associated with greater gray matter volume of the putamen (variance explained of 4.21% in the left hemisphere; 8.66; 95% CI, 6.59-10.81; P = 5.35 × 10-18; and 4.44% in the right hemisphere; t = 8.90; 95% CI, 6.75-11.19; P = 6.80 × 10-19) and also with a lower gene expression of SLC39A8 specifically in the putamen (t127 = -3.87; P = 1.70 × 10-4). The identified association was validated in samples across the life span but was significantly weakened in both patients with schizophrenia (z = -3.05; P = .002; n = 157) and unaffected siblings (z = -2.08; P = .04; n = 149). Conclusions and Relevance Our results show that a missense mutation in gene SLC39A8 is associated with larger gray matter volume in the putamen and that this association is significantly weakened in schizophrenia. These results may suggest a role for aberrant ion transport in the etiology of psychosis and provide a target for preemptive developmental interventions aimed at restoring the functional effect of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Christine Macare
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Gabriel H. Robert
- EA 4712 “Behavior and Basal Ganglia,” Rennes University 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jing Cui
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Guedj
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud–Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud–Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
- GH Nord Essonne Psychiatry Department, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud–Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph H. Callicott
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- University de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- Commissariat à L'énergie Atomiquecea, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-Equipe 5, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karen F. Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fei Li
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, MOE-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shang Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, England
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 PMCID: PMC6401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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29
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Singh H, Bhaumik U. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of gangliocapsular lesions: A case series. ARCHIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/amh.amh_6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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30
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Evaluating accuracy of striatal, pallidal, and thalamic segmentation methods: Comparing automated approaches to manual delineation. Neuroimage 2018; 170:182-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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31
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Delvecchio G, Pigoni A, Perlini C, Barillari M, Versace A, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P. A diffusion weighted imaging study of basal ganglia in schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 28643537 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies provided evidence of selective brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, both in cortical and subcortical structures. Basal ganglia are of particular interest, given not only the high concentration of dopaminergic neurons and receptors, but also for their crucial role in cognitive functions, commonly impaired in schizophrenia. To date, very few studies explored basal ganglia using diffusion imaging, which is sensitive to microstructural organization in brain tissues. The aim of our study is to explore basal ganglia structures with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 52 subjects affected by schizophrenia according to DMS-IV-R criteria and 46 healthy controls. Diffusion weighted images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla scanner and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined in axial and coronal sections at the level of basal ganglia. RESULTS Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus (F = 3.9, p = .05). A significant positive correlation between right anterior lenticular nucleus and psychotropic dosages was found (r = 0.4, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia. Key points The basal ganglia structures was explored with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus. Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Delvecchio
- a IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute , San Vito al Tagliamento (PN) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- e Section of Neurology, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences , University Hospital of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Amelia Versace
- f Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , University of Texas at Houston , TX , USA
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Heidari Z, Moghtaderi A, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Gorgich EAC. Stereological Evaluation of the Brains in Patients with Parkinson’s disease Compared to Controls. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder. A tetrad of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability are the core features of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate stereological changes in the brain of patients with PD and compare them with that of healthy controls. This case-control study was conducted on 29 patients with PD and 12 controls (C) in Zahedan, Iran. All subjects enrolled into the study through the convenience sampling method. MRI images of the brains of two groups in frontal and sagittal axis with consecutive 5mm distance slices were captured. Parameters including total volume (V) and volume density (Vv) of different parts of the brain were estimated based on Cavalries’ point counting stereological method. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-Test applied for comparing the PD and C groups were used. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Our study showed that the volume of the brain and total volume and volume density (Vv) of cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, ventricles, hippocampus, pons, mid brain and superior cerebellar peduncles in the PD group did not indicate significant difference from the control group. Total volume of brain stem in PD group wasn’t significantly different from the control group. The volume density of brain stem (p= 0.012) and total volume and volume density of middle cerebellar peduncle (p< 0.0001) in PD group were significantly larger than the control group. This study shows that PD stereological parameters related to volume and volume density of middle cerebellar peduncle and volume density of brain stem were significantly larger in patients compared to the controls. Therefore, stereological parameters can be used for early diagnosis and probably for follow-up in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
| | - Ali Moghtaderi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
| | - Enam Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan , Iran
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Forns-Nadal M, Bergé D, Sem F, Mané A, Igual L, Guinart D, Vilarroya O. Increased nucleus accumbens volume in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:57-60. [PMID: 28340425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens has been reported as a key structure in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Studies analyzing structural abnormalities have shown conflicting results, possibly related to confounding factors. We investigated the nucleus accumbens volume using manual delimitation in first-episode psychosis (FEP) controlling for age, cannabis use and medication. Thirty-one FEP subjects who were naive or minimally exposed to antipsychotics and a control group were MRI scanned and clinically assessed from baseline to 6 months of follow-up. FEP showed increased relative and total accumbens volumes. Clinical correlations with negative symptoms, duration of untreated psychosis and cannabis use were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Forns-Nadal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technologies, Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Bergé
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Federico Sem
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Analysis of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Igual
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Analysis of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Computer Vision Center, Edificio O, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dani Guinart
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Neuroscience group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Abboud R, Noronha C, Diwadkar VA. Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28641214 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control is a ubiquitous aspect of human function, and from its earliest origins, abnormal motor control has been proposed as being central to schizophrenia. The neurobiological architecture of the motor system is well understood in primates and involves cortical and sub-cortical components including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Notably all of these regions are associated in some manner to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. At the molecular scale, both dopamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) abnormalities have been associated with working memory dysfunction, but particularly relating to the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex respectively. As evidence from multiple scales (behavioral, regional and molecular) converges, here we provide a synthesis of the bio-behavioral relevance of motor dysfunction in schizophrenia, and its consistency across scales. We believe that the selective compendium we provide can supplement calls arguing for renewed interest in studying the motor system in schizophrenia. We believe that in addition to being a highly relevant target for the study of schizophrenia related pathways in the brain, such focus provides tractable behavioral probes for in vivo imaging studies in the illness. Our assessment is that the motor system is a highly valuable research domain for the study of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abboud
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Noronha
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, 48201 Detroit, MI, USA.
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Halkur Shankar S, Ballal S, Shubha R. Study of normal volumetric variation in the putamen with age and sex using magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Anat 2017; 30:461-466. [PMID: 28281277 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Putamen volume is seen to alter in neurological and psychiatric disorders like Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and in individuals treated with antipsychotics. To establish a trend in volume changes in pathologic states, studies on factors influencing normal variation in a given population become essential. This study aimed to evaluate the normal variations in putamen volume in the Indian population and correlate them with the effects of age and sex. Bilateral symmetry was also evaluated. The study included MR images of 98 individuals aged 10-87 years. Axial sections of T2-weighted spin echo sequences were used to estimate putamen volume. The putamen was delineated manually and its volume was estimated using Cavalieri's principle. Linear regression and paired t-test were used to analyze data. Bilateral putamen volume reduced with age in both sexes. This was statistically significant (P < 0.05) except for the left putamen volume in males. There was no significant age-adjusted effect of sex on putamen volume in both hemispheres (P > 0.05). Age and sex interaction was not found to be statistically significant. Hemispherical asymmetry was not established as the difference between the right and left putamen volume did not reach statistical significance in both males and females (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated an age related decline in the volumes of both putamen in males and females. The rate of volume reduction was not affected by sex. The study failed to establish a significant sex difference and hemispherical asymmetry in putamen volume. Clin. Anat. 30:461-466, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Ballal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Shubha
- Department of Anatomy, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Stratton J, Brook M, Hanlon RE. Murder and psychosis: Neuropsychological profiles of homicide offenders with schizophrenia. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2017; 27:146-161. [PMID: 26864713 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction, a core feature of schizophrenia, is thought to contribute to the impulsive violent aggression manifested by some individuals with schizophrenia, but not enough is known about how homicidal individuals with schizophrenia perform on neuropsychological measures. AIMS The primary aim of our study was to describe the neuropsychological profiles of homicide offenders with schizophrenia. Supplementary analyses compared the criminal, psychiatric and neuropsychological features of schizophrenic homicide offenders with and without God/Satan/demon-themed psychotic symptoms. METHODS Twenty-five men and women diagnosed with schizophrenia who had killed another person - 21 convicted of first-degree murder and 4 found not guilty by reason of insanity - completed neuropsychological testing during forensic evaluations. RESULTS The sample was characterised by extensive neurocognitive impairments, involving executive dysfunction (60%), memory dysfunction (68%) and attentional dysfunction (50%), although those with God/Satan/demon-themed psychotic symptoms performed better than those with nonreligious psychotic content. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that impaired cognition may play an important role in the commission of homicide by individuals with schizophrenia. A subgroup with God/Satan/demon delusions seem sufficiently less impaired that they might be able to engage in metacognitive treatment approaches, aimed at changing their relationship to their psychotic symptoms, thus reducing the perception of power and omnipotence of hallucinated voices and increasing their safety. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stratton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Brook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Neuropsychological Associates of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhang S, Hu S, Chao HH, Li CSR. Hemispheric lateralization of resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral striatum: an exploratory study. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2573-2583. [PMID: 28110447 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is widely used to examine cerebral functional organization. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical to motivated behavior, with extant studies suggesting functional hemispheric asymmetry. The current work investigated differences in rsFC between the left (L) and right (R) VS and explored gender differences in the extent of functional lateralization. In 106 adults, we computed a laterality index (fcLI) to query whether a target region shows greater or less connectivity to the L vs R VS. A total of 45 target regions with hemispheric masks were examined from the Automated Anatomic Labeling atlas. One-sample t test was performed to explore significant laterality in the whole sample and in men and women separately. Two-sample t test was performed to examine gender differences in fcLI. At a corrected threshold (p < 0.05/45 = 0.0011), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) showed L lateralization and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) showed R lateralization in VS connectivity. Except for the pCC, these findings were replicated in a different data set (n = 97) from the Human Connectome Project. Furthermore, the fcLI of VS-pCC was negatively correlated with a novelty seeking trait in women but not in men. Together, the findings may suggest a more important role of the L VS in linking saliency response to self control and other internally directed processes. Right lateralization of VS connectivity to the SMG and IPS may support attention and action directed to external behavioral contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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38
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Casanova R, Wang X, Reyes J, Akita Y, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Chui HC, Driscoll I, Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Chen JC. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study Reveals Local Brain Structural Alterations Associated with Ambient Fine Particles in Older Women. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:495. [PMID: 27790103 PMCID: PMC5061768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5: PM with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm) has been linked with cognitive deficits in older adults. Using fine-grained voxel-wise analyses, we examined whether PM2.5 exposure also affects brain structure. Methods: Brain MRI data were obtained from 1365 women (aged 71–89) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study and local brain volumes were estimated using RAVENS (regional analysis of volumes in normalized space). Based on geocoded residential locations and air monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, we employed a spatiotemporal model to estimate long-term (3-year average) exposure to ambient PM2.5 preceding MRI scans. Voxel-wise linear regression models were fit separately to gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) maps to analyze associations between brain structure and PM2.5 exposure, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Increased PM2.5 exposure was associated with smaller volumes in both cortical GM and subcortical WM areas. For GM, associations were clustered in the bilateral superior, middle, and medial frontal gyri. For WM, the largest clusters were in the frontal lobe, with smaller clusters in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. No statistically significant associations were observed between PM2.5 exposure and hippocampal volumes. Conclusions: Long-term PM2.5 exposures may accelerate loss of both GM and WM in older women. While our previous work linked smaller WM volumes to PM2.5, this is the first neuroimaging study reporting associations between air pollution exposure and smaller volumes of cortical GM. Our data support the hypothesized synaptic neurotoxicity of airborne particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc L Serre
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Okada N, Fukunaga M, Yamashita F, Koshiyama D, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Watanabe Y, Yahata N, Nemoto K, Hibar DP, van Erp TGM, Fujino H, Isobe M, Isomura S, Natsubori T, Narita H, Hashimoto N, Miyata J, Koike S, Takahashi T, Yamasue H, Matsuo K, Onitsuka T, Iidaka T, Kawasaki Y, Yoshimura R, Watanabe Y, Suzuki M, Turner JA, Takeda M, Thompson PM, Ozaki N, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1460-6. [PMID: 26782053 PMCID: PMC5030462 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical structures, which include the basal ganglia and parts of the limbic system, have key roles in learning, motor control and emotion, but also contribute to higher-order executive functions. Prior studies have reported volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. Reported results have sometimes been heterogeneous, and few large-scale investigations have been conducted. Moreover, few large-scale studies have assessed asymmetries of subcortical volumes in schizophrenia. Here, as a work completely independent of a study performed by the ENIGMA consortium, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We also explored the laterality of subcortical regions to identify characteristic similarities and differences between them. T1-weighted images from 1680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia, obtained with 15 imaging protocols at 11 sites, were processed with FreeSurfer. Group differences were calculated for each protocol and meta-analyzed. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens volumes as well as intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes. We replicated the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium. Further, we revealed leftward asymmetry for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala and hippocampal volumes in both controls and patients with schizophrenia. Also, we demonstrated a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume. These findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - F Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - D Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Fujino
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Isomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Natsubori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - H Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Iidaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - R Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - J A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - N Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - COCORO
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Neural substrates underlying delusions in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33857. [PMID: 27651212 PMCID: PMC5030611 DOI: 10.1038/srep33857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Delusions are cardinal positive symptoms in schizophrenia; however, the neural substrates of delusions remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the neural correlates of delusions in schizophrenia using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Diffusion, structural and perfusion MRIs were performed in 19 schizophrenia patients with severe delusions, 30 patients without delusions and 30 healthy controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA), gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were voxel-wisely compared among the three groups. Although patients without delusions exhibited decreased FA in white matter regions and decreased GMV in gray matter regions relative to controls, patients with severe delusions demonstrated comparable FA in all of these white matter regions and similar GMV in most of these gray matter regions. Both patient subgroups had less GMV in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex than controls. Although two patient subgroups showed consistent CBF changes relative to controls, only CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex was lower in patients with severe delusions than in patients without delusions. These findings suggest that schizophrenia patients with severe delusions have relatively normal structural integrity. Importantly, the excessively reduced perfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex may be associated with the development of delusions in schizophrenia.
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Dowd EC, Frank MJ, Collins A, Gold JM, Barch DM. Probabilistic Reinforcement Learning in Patients With Schizophrenia: Relationships to Anhedonia and Avolition. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:460-473. [PMID: 27833939 PMCID: PMC5098503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia (a reduced experience of pleasure) and avolition (a reduction in goal-directed activity) are common features of schizophrenia that have substantial effects on functional outcome, but are poorly understood and treated. Here, we examined whether alterations in reinforcement learning may contribute to these symptoms in schizophrenia by impairing the translation of reward information into goal-directed action. METHODS 38 stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 37 healthy controls underwent fMRI during a probabilistic stimulus selection reinforcement learning task with dissociated choice- and feedback-related activation, followed by a behavioral transfer task allowing separate assessment of learning from positive versus negative outcomes. A Q-learning algorithm was used to examine functional activation relating to prediction error at the time of feedback and to expected value at the time of choice. RESULTS Behavioral results suggested a reduction in learning from positive feedback in patients; however, this reduction was unrelated to anhedonia/avolition severity. On fMRI analysis, prediction error-related activation at the time of feedback was highly similar between patients and controls. During early learning, patients activated regions in the cognitive control network to a lesser extent than controls. Correlation analyses revealed reduced responses to positive feedback in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate among those patients higher in anhedonia/avolition. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that anhedonia/avolition are as strongly related to cortical learning or higher-level processes involved in goal-directed behavior such as effort computation and planning as to striatally mediated learning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Dowd
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Anne Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
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Rich AM, Cho YT, Tang Y, Savic A, Krystal JH, Wang F, Xu K, Anticevic A. Amygdala volume is reduced in early course schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 250:50-60. [PMID: 27035063 PMCID: PMC4904038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical structural alterations have been implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Yet, the extent of anatomical alterations for subcortical structures across illness phases remains unknown. To assess this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine volume differences of major subcortical structures: thalamus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala and hippocampus. These differences were examined across four groups: (i) healthy comparison subjects (HCS, n=96); (ii) individuals at high risk (HR, n=21) for schizophrenia; (iii) early-course schizophrenia patients (EC-SCZ, n=28); and (iv) chronic schizophrenia patients (C-SCZ, n=20). Raw gray matter volumes and volumetric ratios (volume of specific structure/total gray matter volume) were extracted using automated segmentation tools. EC-SCZ group exhibited smaller bilateral amygdala volumetric ratios, compared to HCS and HR subjects. Findings did not change when corrected for age, level of education and medication use. Amygdala raw volumes did not differ among groups once adjusted for multiple comparisons, but the smaller amygdala volumetric ratio in EC-SCZ survived Bonferroni correction. Other structures were not different across the groups following Bonferroni correction. Smaller amygdala volumes during early illness course may reflect pathophysiologic changes specific to illness development, including disrupted salience processing and acute stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Rich
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Mamah D, Alpert KI, Barch DM, Csernansky JG, Wang L. Subcortical neuromorphometry in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:276-286. [PMID: 26977397 PMCID: PMC4781974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Disorders within the schizophrenia spectrum genetically overlap with bipolar disorder, yet questions remain about shared biological phenotypes. Investigation of brain structure in disease has been enhanced by developments in shape analysis methods that can identify subtle regional surface deformations. Our study aimed to identify brain structure surface deformations that were common across related psychiatric disorders, and characterize differences. Methods Using the automated FreeSurfer-initiated Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping, we examined volumes and shapes of seven brain structures: hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus. We compared findings in controls (CON; n = 40), and those with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 52), schizotypal personality disorder (STP; n = 12), psychotic bipolar disorder (P-BP; n = 49) and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder (N-BP; n = 24), aged 15–35. Relationships between morphometric measures and positive, disorganized and negative symptoms were also investigated. Results Inward deformation was present in the posterior thalamus in SCZ, P-BP and N-BP; and in the subiculum of the hippocampus in SCZ and STP. Most brain structures however showed unique shape deformations across groups. Correcting for intracranial size resulted in volumetric group differences for caudate (p < 0.001), putamen (p < 0.01) and globus pallidus (p < 0.001). Shape analysis showed dispersed patterns of expansion on the basal ganglia in SCZ. Significant clinical relationships with hippocampal, amygdalar and thalamic volumes were observed. Conclusions Few similarities in surface deformation patterns were seen across groups, which may reflect differing neuropathologies. Posterior thalamic contraction in SCZ and BP suggest common genetic or environmental antecedents. Surface deformities in SCZ basal ganglia may have been due to antipsychotic drug effects. Shape analysis identified structural abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, where volume analysis did not Few similarities in surface deformation patterns were seen across diagnostic groups Posterior thalamic contraction was seen in both schizophrenia and bipolar patients Expansion of basal ganglia regions were seen in schizophrenia patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States.
| | - Kathryn I Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States; Department of Psychology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States; Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
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Wong JE, Cao J, Dorris DM, Meitzen J. Genetic sex and the volumes of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens core and shell: original data and a review. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4257-4267. [PMID: 26666530 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences are widespread across vertebrate nervous systems. Such differences are sometimes reflected in the neural substrate via neuroanatomical differences in brain region volume. One brain region that displays sex differences in its associated functions and pathologies is the striatum, including the caudate-putamen (dorsal striatum), nucleus accumbens core and shell (ventral striatum). The extent to which these differences can be attributed to alterations in volume is unclear. We thus tested whether the volumes of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens core, and nucleus accumbens shell differed by region, sex, and hemisphere in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. As a positive control for detecting sex differences in brain region volume, we measured the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area (SDN-POA). As expected, SDN-POA volume was larger in males than in females. No sex differences were detected in the volumes of the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens core or shell. Nucleus accumbens core volume was larger in the right than left hemisphere across males and females. These findings complement previous reports of lateralized nucleus accumbens volume in humans, and suggest that this may possibly be driven via hemispheric differences in nucleus accumbens core volume. In contrast, striatal sex differences seem to be mediated by factors other than striatal region volume. This conclusion is presented within the context of a detailed review of studies addressing sex differences and similarities in striatal neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| | - Jinyan Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA.,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David M Dorris
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| | - John Meitzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA. .,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Hong SB, Lee TY, Kwak YB, Kim SN, Kwon JS. Baseline putamen volume as a predictor of positive symptom reduction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:178-185. [PMID: 26527246 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Illness course in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) status for psychosis is heterogeneous, which limits effective treatment for all CHR subgroups. Baseline predictors of positive symptom trajectory in the CHR group will reduce such limitations. We singled out the putamen, thought to be involved in the generation of the key schizophrenia symptoms early in the course of disease, as a potential predictor of positive symptom trajectory in CHR patients. METHOD We recruited 45 CHR patients and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The CHR group was divided into patients with positive symptom reduction (CHR-R) and patients without positive symptom reduction (CHR-NR) at 6 months. Comparisons were made between the baseline putamen volumes of CHR-R, CHR-NR and HC groups. The relationship between baseline putamen volumes and clinical measures was investigated. RESULTS Left putamen volumes of CHR-R patients were significantly smaller than those of HCs (p=0.002) and of CHR-NR patients (p=0.024). CHR-R patients had significantly reduced leftward laterality compared to HCs (p=0.007). In the CHR-R group, bilateral putamen volumes were correlated with positive symptom severity at baseline (r=-0.552, p=0.001) and at 6 months (r=-0.360, p=0.043), and predicted positive symptom score change in 6 months at a trend level (p=0.092). CONCLUSION Smaller left putamen volumes in CHR-R patients, and the correlation between positive symptom severity and putamen volumes suggest that putamen volume is a possible risk-stratifier and predictor of clinical course in the CHR population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo Bin Kwak
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of National Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of National Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Duan M, Chen X, He H, Jiang Y, Jiang S, Xie Q, Lai Y, Luo C, Yao D. Altered Basal Ganglia Network Integration in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:561. [PMID: 26528167 PMCID: PMC4600918 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia involve in a range of functions that are disturbed in schizophrenia patients. This study decomposed the resting-state data of 28 schizophrenia patients and 31 healthy controls with spatial independent component analysis and identified increased functional integration in the bilateral caudate nucleus in schizophrenia patients. Further, the caudate nucleus in patients showed altered functional connection with the prefrontal area and cerebellum. These results identified the importance of basal ganglia in schizophrenia patients. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number ChiCTR-RCS-14004878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China ; The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Hui He
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Sisi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Yongxiu Lai
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
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Iwatani J, Ishida T, Donishi T, Ukai S, Shinosaki K, Terada M, Kaneoke Y. Use of T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance ratio images to elucidate changes in the schizophrenic brain. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00399. [PMID: 26516617 PMCID: PMC4614056 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One leading hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic defects in association with environmental risk factors that affect synapse and myelin formation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of SZ brain showed both gray matter (GM) reduction and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy reduction. In this study, we used T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) MRI ratio images, which increase myelin-related signal contrast and reduce receiver-coil bias. METHODS We measured T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity in 29 patients with SZ and 33 healthy controls (HCs), and then compared them against bias-corrected T1w images. RESULTS Mean T1w/T2w ratio signal intensity values across all SZ GM and WM voxels were significantly lower than those for the HC values (analysis of covariance with age, gender, handedness, and premorbid intelligence quotient as nuisance covariates). SZ mean WM T1w/T2w ratio values were related to Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and were inversely related to the positive psychotic symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Voxel-based analysis revealed significantly lower T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity values in the right ventral putamen in SZ GM. T1w image intensities did not differ between the SZ and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio imaging increased the detectability of SZ pathological changes. Reduced SZ brain signal intensity is likely due to diminished myelin content; therefore, mapping myelin-related SZ brain changes using T1w/T2w ratio images may be useful for studies of SZ brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwatani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan ; Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Donishi
- Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Masaki Terada
- Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic 870-2 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kaneoke
- Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
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Breakdown of the striatal-default mode network loop in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:366-72. [PMID: 26260079 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The striatum has been shown to be a core region in schizophrenia with functional and structural deficits. Previous studies have confirmed the schizophrenia-related functional connectivity between the striatal and cortical regions. However, among these, few studies have attempted to determine the directional flow of the influence. In the present study, we used resting-state fMRI to explore the directed connectivity between the striatum and the cortical regions in schizophrenia. Employing a Granger causality analysis, we observed a significant failure of the directed inhibitory influence of the striatum on the default mode network (DMN) in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the reciprocal influence of the DMN on the striatum was also significantly reduced. These findings provide compelling evidence for a breakdown of the striatum-DMN loop in schizophrenia. This abnormal connectivity could be related to clinical variables. In conclusion, our study suggests that abnormally directed influences between the striatum and the DMN might be a biomarker of schizophrenia and also reveals a potential target for treatment.
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Open and closed cortico-subcortical loops: A neuro-computational account of access to consciousness in the distractor-induced blindness paradigm. Conscious Cogn 2015; 35:295-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Juuhl-Langseth M, Hartberg CB, Holmén A, Thormodsen R, Groote IR, Rimol LM, Emblem KE, Agartz I, Rund BR. Impaired Verbal Learning Is Associated with Larger Caudate Volumes in Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130435. [PMID: 26230626 PMCID: PMC4521864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both brain structural abnormalities and neurocognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia. We have previously reported enlargements in subcortical brain structure volumes and impairment of neurocognitive functioning as measured by the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB) in early onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (EOS). To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated whether neurocognitive performance and volumetric abnormalities in subcortical brain structures are related in EOS. Methods Twenty-four patients with EOS and 33 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Relationships between the caudate nucleus, the lateral and fourth ventricles volumes and neurocognitive performance were investigated with multivariate linear regression analyses. Intracranial volume, age, antipsychotic medication and IQ were included as independent predictor-variables. Results The caudate volume was negatively correlated with verbal learning performance uniquely in the EOS group (r=-.454, p=.034). There were comparable positive correlations between the lateral ventricular volume and the processing speed, attention and reasoning and problem solving domains for both the EOS patients and the healthy controls. Antipsychotic medication was related to ventricular enlargements, but did not affect the brain structure-function relationship. Conclusion Enlargement of the caudate volume was related to poorer verbal learning performance in patients with EOS. Despite a 32% enlargement of the lateral ventricles in the EOS group, associations to processing speed, attention and reasoning and problem solving were similar for both the EOS and the HC groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Juuhl-Langseth
- Research Unit Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecilie B. Hartberg
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Holmén
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Inge R. Groote
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars M. Rimol
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kyrre E. Emblem
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn R. Rund
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
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