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de Souza HM, de Almeida RF, Lopes AP, Hauser-Davis RA. Review: Fish bile, a highly versatile biomarker for different environmental pollutants. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109845. [PMID: 38280442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Regina Fonsêca de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Yao EK, Ahoutou MK, Olokotum M, Hamlaoui S, Lance E, Marie B, Bernard C, Djeha RY, Quiblier C, Humbert JF, Coulibaly JK. Assessment of cyanotoxins in water and fish in an African freshwater lagoon (Lagoon Aghien, Ivory Coast) and the application of WHO guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97857-97871. [PMID: 37603248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with northern countries, limited data are available on the occurrence and potential toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and ponds in sub-Saharan countries. With the aim of enhancing our knowledge on cyanobacteria and their toxins in Africa, we performed a 17-month monitoring of a freshwater ecosystem, Lagoon Aghien (Ivory Coast), which is used for multiple practices by riverine populations and for drinking water production in Abidjan city. The richness and diversity of the cyanobacterial community were high and displayed few variations during the entire survey. The monthly average abundances ranged from 4.1 × 104 to 1.8 × 105 cell mL-1, with higher abundances recorded during the dry seasons. Among the five cyanotoxin families analyzed (anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, homoanatoxin, microcystins, saxitoxin), only microcystins (MC) were detected with concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.364 μg L-1 in phytoplankton cells, from 32 to 1092 μg fresh weight (FW) kg-1 in fish intestines, and from 33 to 383 μg FW kg-1 in fish livers. Even if the MC concentrations in water and fish are low, usually below the thresholds defined in WHO guidelines, these data raise the issue of the relevance of these WHO guidelines for sub-Saharan Africa, where local populations are exposed throughout the year to these toxins in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Koffi Ahoutou
- Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mark Olokotum
- National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Jinja, Uganda
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sahima Hamlaoui
- UMR Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Lance
- UMR Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR Stress environnementaux et biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Quiblier
- UMR Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Humbert
- Centre Île-de-France-Versailles-Grignon, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Paris, France.
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Lin W, Luo H, Wu J, Liu X, Cao B, Liu Y, Yang P, Yang J. Polystyrene microplastics enhance the microcystin-LR-induced gonadal damage and reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162664. [PMID: 36894083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of eutrophication and plastic pollution in the aquatic environment is becoming a realistic water pollution problem worldwide. To investigate the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) bioavailability and the underlying reproductive interferences in the presence of polystyrene microplastic (PSMPs), zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to individual MC-LR (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/L) and combined MC-LR + PSMPs (100 μg/L) for 60 d. Our results showed that the existence of PSMPs increased the accumulation of MC-LR in zebrafish gonads compared to the MC-LR-only group. In the MC-LR-only exposure group, seminiferous epithelium deterioration and widened intercellular spaces were observed in the testis, and basal membrane disintegration and zona pellucida invagination were noticed in the ovary. Moreover, the existence of PSMPs exacerbated these injuries. The results of sex hormone levels showed that PSMPs enhanced MC-LR-induced reproductive toxicity, which is tightly related to the abnormal increase of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. The changes of gnrh2, gnrh3, cyp19a1b, cyp11a, and lhr mRNA levels in the HPG axis further proved that MC-LR combined with PSMPs aggravated reproductive dysfunction. Our results revealed that PSMPs could increase the MC-LR bioaccumulation by serving as a carrier and exaggerate the MC-LR-induced gonadal damage and reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Organism Resources and Environmental Ecology, Changde 415000, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde 415000, China
| | - Pinhong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Organism Resources and Environmental Ecology, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Jifeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Bhavsar SP, Ortiz Almirall X, Marklevitz SAC, Rudman SM, Sibley PK. Cyanotoxins accumulate in Lake St. Clair fish yet their fillets are safe to eat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162381. [PMID: 36870491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consuming fish exposed to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be a major route of microcystin toxin exposure to humans. However, it remains unknown whether fish can accumulate and retain microcystins temporally in waterbodies with recurring seasonal HABs, particularly before and after a HAB event when fishing is active. We conducted a field study on Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Smallmouth Bass, Rock Bass, Walleye, White Bass, and Yellow Perch to assess the human health risks to microcystin toxicity via fish consumption. We collected 124 fish in 2016 and 2018 from Lake St. Clair, a large freshwater ecosystem in the North American Great Lakes that is actively fished pre- and post-HAB periods. Muscles were analyzed using the 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) Lemieux Oxidation method for total microcystins, which was used to perform a human health risk assessment for comparison against fish consumption advisory benchmarks available for Lake St. Clair. From this collection 35 fish livers were additionally extracted to confirm the presence of microcystins. Microcystins were detected in all livers at widely varying concentrations (1-1500 ng g-1 ww), suggesting HABs are an underappreciated and pervasive stressor to fish populations. Conversely, microcystin levels were consistently low in muscles (0-15 ng g-1 ww) and presented negligible risk, empirically supporting that fillets may be safely consumed before and after HAB events following fish consumption advisories.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen A C Marklevitz
- Lake Erie Management Unit, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Cheng C, Steinman AD, Zhang K, Lin Q, Xue Q, Wang X, Xie L. Risk assessment and identification of factors influencing the historical concentrations of microcystin in Lake Taihu, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:1-14. [PMID: 36522044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the history of microcystins (MCs) pollution in large lakes can help inform future lake management. We collected sediment cores from Lake Taihu to: investigate the long-term record of MCs (MC-LR, MC-YR, and MC-RR), explore the main environmental drivers of MCs, and assess their public health and ecological risks. Results showed that MCs content in all cores increased over time. The core from north Taihu had the highest MC concentrations, with an average total MCs (sum of MC-LR, MC-YR, and MC-RR = TMCs) content of (74.31±328.55) ng/g. The core from eastern Taihu showed the lowest average TMCs content of (2.91±3.95) ng/g. PCA showed that sediment MCs at the three sites were positively correlated with sediment chlorophyll-a. MC-LR and MC-YR in northern and western Taihu negatively correlated with both the sediment total organic carbon/sediment total nitrogen ratio (STOC/STN) and water nitrate (NO3--N) concentration, but three MC congeners at eastern Taihu showed positive correlations with water orthophosphate (PO43--P), NO3--N, and STOC/STN. Generalized additive model analysis at each site revealed that NO3--N was the main TMCs driver in northern and western Taihu where phytoplankton dominated, whereas PO43--P was the main TMCs driver in eastern Taihu where macrophytes dominated. At the whole lake scale, total phosphorus (TP) and PO43--P were the most important environmental drivers influencing MCs; TP explained 47.4%, 44.2%, and 47.6% while orthophosphate explained 34.8%, 31.2%, and 34.7% of the deviance on TMCs, MC-LR, and MC-YR, respectively. NO3--N also showed a strong effect on MCs variation, especially on MC-YR. Risk assessment showed that both ecological and public health risk has increased in recent years. We conclude that while control of phosphorus and nitrogen input should be a major focus for future lake management, lake zone-specific management strategies may also be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Kaiye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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6
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Chatterjee S, More M. Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:289. [PMID: 37104227 PMCID: PMC10144574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming are not limited to rising global temperatures and have set in motion a complex chain of events contributing to climate change. A consequence of global warming and the resultant climate change is the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs) across the world, which pose a threat to public health, aquatic biodiversity, and the livelihood of communities that depend on these water systems, such as farmers and fishers. An increase in cyano-HABs and their intensity is associated with an increase in the leakage of cyanotoxins. Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacterial species, and their organ toxicology has been extensively studied. Recent mouse studies suggest that MCs can induce gut resistome changes. Opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrios are abundantly found in the same habitat as phytoplankton, such as cyanobacteria. Further, MCs can complicate human disorders such as heat stress, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Firstly, this review describes how climate change mediates the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in freshwater, causing increased levels of MCs. In the later sections, we aim to untangle the ways in which MCs can impact various public health concerns, either solely or in combination with other factors resulting from climate change. In conclusion, this review helps researchers understand the multiple challenges brought forth by a changing climate and the complex relationships between microcystin, Vibrios, and various environmental factors and their effect on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Toxicology Core, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Yang X, Zhu J, Hu C, Yang W, Zheng Z. Integration of Transcriptomics and Microbiomics Reveals the Responses of Bellamya aeruginosa to Toxic Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020119. [PMID: 36828433 PMCID: PMC9958990 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the cyanotoxins they produce not only seriously jeopardize the health of freshwater ecosystems but also directly affect the survival of aquatic organisms. In this study, the dynamic characteristics and response patterns of transcriptomes and gut microbiomes in gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa were investigated to explore the underlying response mechanisms to toxic cyanobacterial exposure. The results showed that toxic cyanobacteria exposure induced overall hepatopancreatic transcriptome changes. A total of 2128 differentially expressed genes were identified at different exposure stages, which were mainly related to antioxidation, immunity, and metabolism of energy substances. In the early phase (the first 7 days of exposure), the immune system may notably be the primary means of resistance to toxin stress, and it performs apoptosis to kill damaged cells. In the later phase (the last 7 days of exposure), oxidative stress and the degradation activities of exogenous substances play a dominant role, and nutrient substance metabolism provides energy to the body throughout the process. Microbiomic analysis showed that toxic cyanobacteria increased the diversity of gut microbiota, enhanced interactions between gut microbiota, and altered microbiota function. In addition, the changes in gut microbiota were correlated with the expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, metabolic-related differentially expressed genes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of gastropods and intestinal microbiota response to toxic cyanobacterial stress.
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Falfushynska H, Kasianchuk N, Siemens E, Henao E, Rzymski P. A Review of Common Cyanotoxins and Their Effects on Fish. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020118. [PMID: 36850993 PMCID: PMC9961407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and human-induced eutrophication drive the occurrence of various cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. These metabolites reveal diversified mechanisms of action, encompassing cyto-, neuro-, hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, and pose a threat to aquatic biota and human health. In the present paper, we review data on the occurrence of the most studied cyanotoxins, microcystins, nodularins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins, and saxitoxins, in the aquatic environment, as well as their potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Microcystins are the most studied among all known cyanotoxins, although other toxic cyanobacterial metabolites are also commonly identified in aquatic environments and can reveal high toxicity in fish. Except for primary toxicity signs, cyanotoxins adversely affect the antioxidant system and anti-/pro-oxidant balance. Cyanotoxins also negatively impact the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, fish exposed to microcystins and cylindrospermopsin exhibit various immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and endocrine responses. Even though cyanotoxins exert a complex pressure on fish, numerous aspects are yet to be the subject of in-depth investigation. Metabolites other than microcystins should be studied more thoroughly to understand the long-term effects in fish and provide a robust background for monitoring and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Eduard Siemens
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Eliana Henao
- Research Group Integrated Management of Ecosystems and Biodiversity XIUÂ, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznan, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 61701 Poznań, Poland
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9
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Zhou Y, Xu J, MacIsaac HJ, McKay RM, Xu R, Pei Y, Zi Y, Li J, Qian Y, Chang X. Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free Microcystis aeruginosa strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075621. [PMID: 36741884 PMCID: PMC9894096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten the ecological integrity and beneficial uses of lakes globally. In addition to producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MC), M. aeruginosa exudates (MaE) contain various compounds with demonstrated toxicity to aquatic biota. Previously, we found that the ecotoxicity of MaE differed between MC-producing and MC-free strains at exponential (E-phase) and stationary (S-phase) growth phases. However, the components in these exudates and their specific harmful effects were unclear. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the constituents in MaE of a MC-producing and a MC-free strain at both E-phase and S-phase. A total of 409 metabolites were identified and quantified based on their relative abundance. These compounds included lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acid, benzenoids and organic oxygen compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed that strains and growth phases significantly influenced the metabolite profile. The MC-producing strain had greater total metabolites abundance than the MC-free strain at S-phase, whereas the MC-free strain released higher concentrations of benzenoids, lipids, organic oxygen, organic nitrogen and organoheterocyclic compounds than the MC-producing strain at E-phase. Total metabolites had higher abundance in S-phase than in E- phase in both strains. Analysis of differential metabolites (DMs) and pathways suggest that lipids metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were more tightly coupled to growth phases than to strains. Abundance of some toxic lipids and benzenoids DMs were significantly higher in the MC-free strain than the MC-producing one. This study builds on the understanding of MaE chemicals and their biotoxicity, and adds to evidence that non-MC-producing strains of cyanobacteria may also pose a threat to ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province, Kunming Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugh J. MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Pei
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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10
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Guo X, Li Z, Jiang Q, Cheng C, Feng Y, He Y, Zuo L, Rao L, Ding W, Feng L. Structural insight into the substrate-binding mode and catalytic mechanism for MlrC enzyme of Sphingomonas sp. ACM-3962 in linearized microcystin biodegradation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1057264. [PMID: 36876080 PMCID: PMC9982164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1057264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing microcystins (MCs) safely and effectively has become an urgent global problem because of their extremely hazardous to the environment and public health. Microcystinases derived from indigenous microorganisms have received widespread attention due to their specific MC biodegradation function. However, linearized MCs are also very toxic and need to be removed from the water environment. How MlrC binds to linearized MCs and how it catalyzes the degradation process based on the actual three-dimensional structure have not been determined. In this study, the binding mode of MlrC with linearized MCs was explored using a combination of molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis methods. A series of key substrate binding residues, including E70, W59, F67, F96, S392 and so on, were identified. Sodium dodecane sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to analyze samples of these variants. The activity of MlrC variants were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We used fluorescence spectroscopy experiments to research the relationship between MlrC enzyme (E), zinc ion (M), and substrate (S). The results showed that MlrC enzyme, zinc ion and substrate formed E-M-S intermediates during the catalytic process. The substrate-binding cavity was made up of N and C-terminal domains and the substrate-binding site mainly included N41, E70, D341, S392, Q468, S485, R492, W59, F67, and F96. The E70 residue involved in both substrate catalysis and substrate binding. In conclusion, a possible catalytic mechanism of the MlrC enzyme was further proposed based on the experimental results and a literature survey. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the MlrC enzyme to degrade linearized MCs, and laid a theoretical foundation for further biodegradation studies of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengru Li
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingzi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ding
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Rattner BA, Wazniak CE, Lankton JS, McGowan PC, Drovetski SV, Egerton TA. Review of harmful algal bloom effects on birds with implications for avian wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102319. [PMID: 36470599 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Chesapeake Bay, along the mid-Atlantic coast of North America, is the largest estuary in the United States and provides critical habitat for wildlife. In contrast to point and non-point source release of pesticides, metals, and industrial, personal care and household use chemicals on biota in this watershed, there has only been scant attention to potential exposure and effects of algal toxins on wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. As background, we first review the scientific literature on algal toxins and harmful algal bloom (HAB) events in various regions of the world that principally affected birds, and to a lesser degree other wildlife. To examine the situation for the Chesapeake, we compiled information from government reports and databases summarizing wildlife mortality events for 2000 through 2020 that were associated with potentially toxic algae and HAB events. Summary findings indicate that there have been few wildlife mortality incidents definitively linked to HABs, other mortality events that were suspected to be related to HABs, and more instances in which HABs may have indirectly contributed to or occurred coincident with wildlife mortality. The dominant toxins found in the Chesapeake Bay drainage that could potentially affect wildlife are microcystins, with concentrations in water approaching or exceeding human-based thresholds for ceasing recreational use and drinking water at a number of locations. As an increasing trend in HAB events in the U.S. and in the Chesapeake Bay have been reported, additional information on HAB toxin exposure routes, comparative sensitivity among species, consequences of sublethal exposure, and better diagnostic and risk criteria would greatly assist in predicting algal toxin hazard and risks to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnett A Rattner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Catherine E Wazniak
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resource Assessment Service, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Peter C McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Serguei V Drovetski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Todd A Egerton
- Virginia Department of Health, Division of Shellfish Safety and Waterborne Hazards, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
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12
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Wei H, Jia Y, Wang Z. Microcystin pollution in lakes and reservoirs: A nationwide meta-analysis and assessment in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119791. [PMID: 35850314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of microcystins (MCs) has caused a series of water security issues worldwide. Although MC pollution in natural waters of China has been reported, a systematic analysis of the risk of MCs in Chinese lakes and reservoirs is still lacking. In this study, the distribution, trend, and risk of MCs in Chinese lakes and reservoirs were comprehensively revealed through meta-analysis for the first time. The results showed that MC pollution occurrence in numerous lakes and reservoirs have been reported, with MC pollution being distributed in the waters of 15 provinces in China. For lakes, the maximum mean total MC (TMC) and dissolved MC (DMC) concentrations occurred in Lake Dianchi (23.06 μg/L) and Lake Taihu (1.00 μg/L), respectively. For reservoirs, the maximum mean TMC and DMC concentrations were detected in Guanting (4.31 μg/L) and Yanghe reservoirs (0.98 μg/L), respectively. The TMC concentrations in lakes were significantly higher than those in the reservoirs (p < 0.05), but no difference was observed in the DMC between the two water bodies (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the total phosphorus concentrations, pH, transparency, chlorophyll a, and dissolved oxygen were significantly related to the DMC in lakes and reservoirs. The ecological risks of DMC in Chinese lakes and reservoirs were generally at low levels, but high or moderate ecological risks of TMC had occurred in several waters, which were not negligible. Direct drinking water and consumption of aquatic products in several MC-polluted lakes and reservoirs may pose human health risks. This study systematically analyzed the pollution and risk of MCs in lakes and reservoirs nationwide in China and pointed out the need for further MC research and management in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wei
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.
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13
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Reporting of Freshwater Cyanobacterial Poisoning in Terrestrial Wildlife: A Systematic Map. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182423. [PMID: 36139281 PMCID: PMC9494982 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) have been reported globally, threatening human and animal health. They are encouraged by the warming climate and agricultural pollution creating nutrient-rich, warm environments, ideal for cyanobacterial proliferation. The cyanotoxins produced by these blooms have caused poisonings in many wildlife species; however, these cases are severely underreported, and many are likely missed. The aim of this systematic map was to collate, organise, and characterise all existing reports of cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife. We conducted a search of the published literature using online databases, yielding a total of 45 cases detailing incidents involving terrestrial wildlife. There is no current standard method for the reporting and diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication cases, and we provide recommendations on this to include both clinical diagnostic tools and investigative chemistry techniques. Less than half of all cases employed robust methods of detection and diagnosis based on our recommendations. Most cases were investigated after poisonings had already occurred, and only nine reports mentioned any effort to mitigate the effects of harmful cyanobacteria on terrestrial wildlife. This systematic map details terrestrial wildlife cyanotoxin intoxications from a diagnostic perspective, identifying how reporting can be improved, leading to more successful mitigation and investigative efforts in the future. Abstract Global warming and over-enrichment of freshwater systems have led to an increase in harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs), affecting human and animal health. The aim of this systematic map was to detail the current literature surrounding cyanotoxin poisonings in terrestrial wildlife and identify possible improvements to reports of morbidity and mortality from cyanotoxins. A systematic search was conducted using the electronic databases Scopus and Web of Science, yielding 5059 published studies identifying 45 separate case reports of wildlife poisonings from North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Currently, no gold standard for the diagnosis of cyanotoxin intoxication exists for wildlife, and we present suggested guidelines here. These involved immunoassays and analytical chemistry techniques to identify the toxin involved, PCR to identify the cyanobacterial species involved, and evidence of ingestion or exposure to cyanotoxins in the animals affected. Of the 45 cases, our recommended methods concurred with 48.9% of cases. Most often, cases were investigated after a mortality event had already occurred, and where mitigation was implemented, only three cases were successful in their efforts. Notably, only one case of invasive cyanobacteria was recorded in this review despite invasive species being known to occur throughout the globe; this could explain the underreporting of invasive cyanobacteria. This systematic map highlights the perceived absence of robust detection, surveillance, and diagnosis of cyanotoxin poisoning in wildlife. It may be true that wildlife is less susceptible to these poisoning events; however, the true rates of poisoning are likely much more than is reported in the literature.
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Liang X, Yang X, Jiao W, Zhou J, Zhu L. Simulation modelling the structure related bioaccumulation and biomagnification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic food web. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156397. [PMID: 35660442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Until now, there is no bioaccumulation model to predict bioaccumulation of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic organisms due to their unique amphiphilic properties. For the first time, protein contents instead of lipid contents of organisms were used in bioaccumulation models to predict the concentrations and reveal the accumulation mechanisms of PFASs in various aquatic organisms, based on the available data. Comparison between the modeled and measured results indicated the models were promising to predict the PFAS concentrations in the fishes at different trophic levels very well, as well as their bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and trophic magnification factors (TMF) of PFASs in fish. Both water and sediment are important exposure sources of PFASs in aquatic organisms. As the two main uptake pathways, the contribution of gill respiratory decreases while that of dietary intake increases with the chain length of PFASs increasing. Fecal excretion and gill respiration are the main pathways for fish to eliminate PFASs, and their relative contributions increase and decrease respectively with chain length. The short-chain (C6-C8) perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are greatly eliminated via gill respiratory quickly, leading to their very low BAFs. As the carbon chain length increases, dietary intake becomes dominant in the uptake, while elimination is mainly through fecal excretion with relatively low rates, especially in the fishes with high protein contents. For the very long chain (C12-C16) PFASs, they are very difficult to excrete with a low total elimination rate constant (ke = 0.463-0.743 d-1), thus leading to their high BAFs and TMFs. The high intake rate but low elimination rate, as well as the high water and sediment concentrations together contribute to the highest accumulated concentration perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in the fish of Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Wenqing Jiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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15
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Bouteiller P, Lance E, Guérin T, Biré R. Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080550. [PMID: 36006212 PMCID: PMC9416067 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouteiller
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques (SEBIO), BP 1039, CEDEX 2, F-51687 Reims, France
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emilie Lance
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques (SEBIO), BP 1039, CEDEX 2, F-51687 Reims, France
- UMR MNHN/CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Strategy and Programs Department, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ronel Biré
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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16
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Dettori M, Arghittu A, Deiana G, Castiglia P, Azara A. The revised European Directive 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. A step forward in risk assessment, consumer safety and informative communication. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112773. [PMID: 35065937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable element for humankind and indeed all living beings; as such it is essential that it be supplied in adherence with safety and security criteria so as to fulfill its primordial role in community development. Therefore, the European Union has issued a new Directive on drinking water, updating the previous one (98/83/EC). The main new features of the updated Directive issued on January 12, 2021 include: • The adoption of a risk-based approach, in accordance with the principles of the Water Safety Plan, along the entire supply chain including the domestic system from the meter to the tap; • The updating of some quality standards, mainly related to the introduction of new parameters and the modification of parameter values for some in a more restrictive sense and for others in more permissive terms; • The identification of possible emerging pollutants present in supply sources (catchment areas); • The demand for effective and transparent communication to citizens on the quality of the water supplied, necessary to foster consumer confidence in the mains water supply. The Directive is the first European legislation adopted following a European Citizens' Initiative (ECI), a European Union participatory democracy tool launched through the "Right2Water" initiative aiming to positively affect the environment. Indeed, the increased consumer confidence in tap water resulting from the desired improvement in communication to citizens should lead to a gradual reduction in the use of plastic water bottles. In addition, the Directive confirms what WHO has been reporting for some time through its Water Safety Plans. It is not limited to monitoring activities but also reproposes and promotes a generalised safety approach based on risk identification and management along the entire drinking water supply chain (from the catchment area to extraction, treatment, storage including distribution). The revised Directive will become the reference standard for the quality of water intended for human consumption in EU countries, and its entry into force will make it possible to minimise the harmful impacts of pollution on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dettori
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Deiana
- Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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17
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Shartau RB, Snyman HN, Turcotte L, McCarron P, Bradshaw JC, Johnson SC. Acute microcystin exposure induces reversible histopathological changes in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:729-742. [PMID: 35235682 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) develop a severe liver disease called net-pen liver disease (NPLD), which is characterized by hepatic lesions that include megalocytosis and loss of gross liver structure. Based on studies where salmonids have been exposed to microcystin (MC) via intraperitoneal injection, NPLD is believed to be caused by MC exposure, a hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. Despite the link between MC and NPLD, it remains uncertain if environmentally relevant MC exposure is responsible for NPLD. To determine if we could produce histopathology consistent with NPLD, we compared the response of Atlantic and Chinook Salmon sub-lethal MC exposure. Salmon were orally gavaged with saline or MC containing algal paste and sampled over 2 weeks post-exposure. Liver lesions appeared by 6 h but were resolved 2-weeks post-exposure; histopathological changes observed in other tissues were not as widespread, nor was their severity as great as those in the liver. There was no evidence for NPLD due to the absence of hepatic megalocytosis. These results indicate that the development of NPLD is not due to acute MC exposure but may be associated with higher MC concentration occurring in food, long-term exposure through drinking of contaminated seawater and/or interactions with other marine toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Shartau
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Heindrich N Snyman
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Kemptville, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lenora Turcotte
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Julia C Bradshaw
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Phytoplankton Composition and Their Related Factors in Five Different Lakes in China: Implications for Lake Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053135. [PMID: 35270826 PMCID: PMC8910358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two trophic lakes: Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, and three alpine lakes: Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu, were investigated to discover the connections between environmental factors and the phytoplankton community in lakes with differences in trophic levels and climatic conditions. Three seasonal data, including water quality and phytoplankton, were collected from the five lakes. The results demonstrated clear differences in water parameters and phytoplankton compositions in different lakes. The phytoplankton was dominated by Bacillariophyta, followed by Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta in Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu. It was dominated by Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in Lake Yanghe) and Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta in Lake Taihu). The temperature was an essential factor favoring the growth of Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta, especially Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The pH had significantly negative relationships with Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Particularly, a high pH might be a strong and negative factor for phytoplankton growth in alpine lakes. A high salinity was also an adverse factor for phytoplankton. Those results could provide fundamental information about the phytoplankton community and their correlated factors in the alpine lakes of the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to the protection and management of alpine lakes.
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19
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Zhang Y, Vo Duy S, Munoz G, Sauvé S. Phytotoxic effects of microcystins, anatoxin-a and cylindrospermopsin to aquatic plants: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152104. [PMID: 34863769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and eutrophication may lead to increased incidence of harmful algal blooms and related production of cyanotoxins that can be toxic to aquatic plants. Previous studies have evaluated the phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins on aquatic plants. However, most studies have evaluated only a limited number of plant species and cyanotoxins; there is also considerable variability between studies, which obscures general patterns and hinders understanding of the phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins. Here, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by compiling 41 published papers to estimate the phytotoxic effects of anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and microcystins in 34 species of aquatic plants, with the aim of 1) investigating the phytotoxicity of different cyanotoxins to aquatic plants; 2) determining the aquatic plant species most sensitive to the phytotoxic effects of cyanotoxins; and 3) evaluating the bioaccumulation potential of cyanotoxins in aquatic plants. Most aquatic plants were negatively affected by cyanotoxin exposure and their response was dose-dependent; however, morphological indicators and photosynthesis of certain aquatic plants were marginally stimulated under low concentrations of anatoxin-a and cylindrospermopsin. Anatoxin-a showed the greatest bioaccumulation capacity in aquatic plants compared to cylindrospermopsin and microcystin variants. Bioaccumulation factors of cyanotoxins in aquatic plants generally decreased with increasing water exposure concentrations. Our study supports the One Health goal to manage the risk of public exposure to toxic substances, and indicates that cyanotoxins warrant further investigations in aquatic plants. Environmental managers and public health authorities need to be alert to the long-term exposure and chronic toxicity of cyanotoxins, and the potential trophic transfer of cyanotoxins from aquatic plants to higher-order organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada.
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20
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Moraes ACN, Shah S, Magalhães VF, Habibi HR. Cylindrospermopsin impairs zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 175:105567. [PMID: 35123182 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are among common contaminants that can impair human, animal, and environmental health. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an abundant form of cyanotoxins elevated following algal bloom in the water worldwide. Previous studies have described CYN effects on several organs in mammals. However, little is known about its toxicity mechanisms in other vertebrates. This study aims to characterize the developmental effects of CYN using zebrafish larvae as an aquatic model organism. A wide range of CYN concentrations (0-2000 μg/L) was tested using a morphometric approach for survival, hatching, various growth and developmental abnormalities. We also investigated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, osmoregulation, and thyroid function. Exposure to CYN resulted in decreased growth, increased developmental abnormalities such as pericardial and yolk sac edema as well as swim bladder absence. In addition, CYN increased tr1a, and decreased dio1 and dio3 transcript levels which are involved in thyroid-mediated function. It also increased transcript levels related to oxidative stress, including hsp70, ahr1a, cyp1a, gpx and cat. Lastly, CYN exposure increased aqp3a and decreased dab2, which are involved in osmoregulation with a threshold of 10 μg/L. The present study demonstrates multiple effects of exposure to environmentally relevant CYN concentrations in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C N Moraes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - S Shah
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - V F Magalhães
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H R Habibi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Canada.
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21
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Ortiz Almirall X, Simmons DBD, Poirier DG, Bhavsar SP, Sibley PK. Fish tissue accumulation and proteomic response to microcystins is species-dependent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132028. [PMID: 34474382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins including microcystins are increasing globally, escalating health risks to humans and wildlife. Freshwater fish can accumulate and retain microcystins in tissues; however, uptake and depuration studies thus far have not exposed fish to microcystins in its intracellular state (i.e., cell-bound or conserved within cyanobacteria), which is a primary route of exposure in the field, nor have they investigated sublethal molecular-level effects in tissues, limiting our knowledge of proteins responsible for microcystin toxicity pathways in pre-to-postsenescent stages of a harmful algal bloom. We address these gaps with a 2-wk study (1 wk of 'uptake' exposure to intracellular microcystins (0-40 μg L-1) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa followed by 1 wk of 'depuration' in clean water) using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Liver and muscle samples were collected throughout uptake and depuration phases for targeted microcystin quantification and nontargeted proteomics. For both species, microcystins accumulated at a higher concentration in the liver than muscle, and activated cellular responses related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA repair, and carcinogenicity. However, intraspecific proteomic effects between Rainbow Trout and Lake Trout differed, and interspecific accumulation and retention of microcystins in tissues within each species also differed. We demonstrate that fish do not respond the same to cyanobacterial toxicity within and among species despite being reared in the same environment and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David G Poirier
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Abdallah MF, Van Hassel WHR, Andjelkovic M, Wilmotte A, Rajkovic A. Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:786. [PMID: 34822570 PMCID: PMC8619289 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Wannes H. R. Van Hassel
- Sciensano, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Sciensano Research Institute, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Ju-liette Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- BCCM/ULC Cyanobacteria Collection, InBios-Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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23
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Hauser-Davis RA, Ziolli RL. Biliary Fish Proteomics Applied to Environmental Contamination Assessments: A Case Study in Southeastern Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:100-105. [PMID: 33486546 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish bile has been applied as a biomarker for environmental contamination for several decades, and several pollutants are known to be excreted in this matrix. With the advent of the proteomic field, however, the discovery of protein biomarkers of response to pollutants has become the highlight, and fish bile shows very high potential in this regard. A proteomic case study carried out in Southeastern Brazil with mullet bile indicates the importance of assessing bile colour, as different feeding statuses lead to differential proteomic profiles as observed by 2D SDS-PAGE analyses. In addition, several heat-stable proteins displaying a differential gel profile were also observed in tilapia bile when compared a contaminated and reference site. Therefore, the bile proteome displays the potential to offer a more sensitive and informative method to analyse the presence and effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção a Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brasil.
| | - Roberta Lourenço Ziolli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 45822290-240, Brazil
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24
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Chen L, Giesy JP, Adamovsky O, Svirčev Z, Meriluoto J, Codd GA, Mijovic B, Shi T, Tuo X, Li SC, Pan BZ, Chen J, Xie P. Challenges of using blooms of Microcystis spp. in animal feeds: A comprehensive review of nutritional, toxicological and microbial health evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142319. [PMID: 33069479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis spp., are Gram-negative, oxygenic, photosynthetic prokaryotes which use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and minerals into organic compounds and biomass. Eutrophication, rising CO2 concentrations and global warming are increasing Microcystis blooms globally. Due to its high availability and protein content, Microcystis biomass has been suggested as a protein source for animal feeds. This would reduce dependency on soybean and other agricultural crops and could make use of "waste" biomass when Microcystis scums and blooms are harvested. Besides proteins, Microcystis contain further nutrients including lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, Microcystis produce cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins (MCs) and other bioactive metabolites, which present health hazards. In this review, challenges of using Microcystis blooms in feeds are identified. First, nutritional and toxicological (nutri-toxicogical) data, including toxicity of Microcystis to mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, mammals and birds, is reviewed. Inclusion of Microcystis in diets caused greater mortality, lesser growth, cachexia, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in liver, kidney, gill, intestine and spleen of several fish species. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of MCs in muscle of fish fed Microcystis might exceed the provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for humans, 0.04 μg/kg body mass (bm)/day, as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is thus not safe. Muscle of fish fed M. aeruginosa is of low nutritional value and exhibits poor palatability/taste. Microcystis also causes hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity to mollusks, crustaceans, amphibians, mammals and birds. Microbial pathogens can also occur in blooms of Microcystis. Thus, cyanotoxins/xenobiotics/pathogens in Microcystis biomass should be removed/degraded/inactivated sufficiently to assure safety for use of the biomass as a primary/main/supplemental ingredient in animal feed. As an ameliorative measure, antidotes/detoxicants can be used to avoid/reduce the toxic effects. Before using Microcystis in feed ingredients/supplements, further screening for health protection and cost control is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Biljana Mijovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of East Sarajevo, Studentska 5, 73 300 Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Tuo
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shang-Chun Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology (IHB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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25
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Yuan Y, Li J, Dai H. Microcystin-LR sorption and desorption by diverse biochars: Capabilities, and elucidating mechanisms from novel insights of sorption domains and site energy distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141921. [PMID: 32916485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study accurately assessed microcystin-LR (MCLR)-trapping capabilities of diverse biochars based on sorption and sequential desorption (SDE), and elucidated MCLR sorption-desorption mechanisms from novel views of sorption domains and site energy distribution along sorption-SDE process. Results showed that maize straw biochar (MSB) and chicken manure biochar (CMB) excelled in trapping MCLR (91.0%-97.4% and 85.7%-96.4%, respectively, at 60-600 μg/L of initial MCLR amount), followed by their respective HCl-treated ones (HCMB, HSMB), while HCl-treated bamboo biochar and pine sawdust biochar poorly trapped MCLR (48.9%-77.8% for HBB, 22.6%-67.2% for HPSB). Non-partition sorption domains (NPSD) contributed more than partition sorption domain (PSD) to MCLR sorption by each biochar. Higher NPSD contribution to MCLR sorption in CMBs and MSBs than other biochars resulted from their higher pHPZC and mesoporosity, which provided stronger electrostatic and pore-filling interaction for MCLR. Desorption hysteresis was weaken with rising aqueous MCLR amount for most biochars. Along SDE process, remaining MCLR in PSD of MSBs, HPSB and HBB could transfer to NPSD, thus desorption ratio continuously decreased with increasing desorption cycle. Differently, remaining MCLR in NPSD of CMBs converted into PSD during 1st-3rd desorption, causing fluctuated desorption ratio without obvious decrease as desorption cycle increased. These implied that MCLR in PSD was more easily desorbed than NPSD for each biochar. Site energy distribution dynamics supported the results of PSD and NPSD contribution changes along SDE. This study was greatly implicated in cost-efficient emergent MCLR-pollution remediation and deeply understanding MCLR sorption-desorption mechanisms of diverse biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jieming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haixiao Dai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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26
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Jing M, Lin D, Lin J, Li Q, Yan H, Feng X. Mercury, microcystins and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in farmed fish in eutrophic reservoir: Risk and benefit assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116047. [PMID: 33246762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish is an important source of nutritional omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, but it also readily accumulates toxic mercury (Hg) and microcystins (MC) in eutrophic aquatic systems. In China, farmed fish was widely consumed, and aquaculture has caused pervasive eutrophication of freshwater lakes, resulting in the increasing accumulation of MC in fish tissue. To assess the risk-benefit of consuming farmed fish, 205 fish samples of 10 primary species were collected from the eutrophic Wujiangdu (WJD) Reservoir, SW China. The contents of Hg, microcystin-RR (MC-RR), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish were analyzed. The results showed that THg and MeHg concentrations in all fish sampls were well below the safety limit (500 ng/g w.w) established by the Standardization Administration of China, with average values of 22.9 ± 22.8 and 6.0 ± 6.6 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), respectively. Average concentrations of MC-RR and MC-LR were 40 ± 80 and 50 ± 80 ng/g w.w., respectively. MC-RR and MC-LR concentrations in fish were significantly higher in silver carp and black carp than in perch and catfish (p < 0.05). In nutritional terms, average concentrations of n-3 PUFA and the eicosapentaenoic (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) of fish were 2.0 ± 2.5 and 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/g w.w., respectively. The risk-benefit assessment suggests that the n-3 PUFA benefits from consuming all farmed fish species in the WJD Reservoir outweigh the adverse effects of MeHg. However, except for perch, most fish species still pose a high MC-LR exposure risk that created a requirement for fish consumption advisories and monitoring. Consequently, more attention should be paid on the health risk of combined exposure to pollutants by aquatic product consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dan Lin
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550000, PR China
| | - Haiyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China
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27
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Interannual and Spatial Variability of Cyanotoxins in the Prespa Lake Area, Greece. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Prespa Lakes area in Greece—comprised partly of lake Great and lake Lesser Prespa and the Vromolimni pond—has a global importance for biodiversity. Although the waters show regular cyanobacteria blooms, assessments of water quality threats are limited. Samples collected in 2012 revealed scattered and low microcystin (MC) concentrations in Great Prespa (<0.2 μg MC L−1) whereas considerable spatial heterogeneity in both total chlorophyll (2.4–93 µg L−1) and MC concentrations (0.04–52.4 µg MC L−1) was detected in Lesser Prespa. In 2013, there was far less spatial variability of MC concentrations in Lesser Prespa (0.4–1.53 µg L−1), however in 2014, increased concentrations were detected near the lakeshore (25–861 µg MC L−1). In Vromolimni pond the MC concentrations were on average 26.6 (±6.4) µg MC L−1 in 2012, 2.1 (±0.3) µg MC L−1 in 2013 and 12.7 (±12.5) µg MC L−1 in 2014. In 2013, no anatoxins, saxitoxins, nor cylindrospermopsins were detected in Lesser Prespa and Vromolimni waters. Tissue samples from carps, an otter and Dalmatian Pelicans contained 0.4–1.9 µg MC g−1 dry weight. These results indicate that cyanotoxins could be a threat to the ecosystem functions of particularly Lesser Prespa and Vromolimni.
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28
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Gavrilović BR, Petrović TG, Radovanović TB, Despotović SG, Gavrić JP, Krizmanić II, Ćirić MD, Prokić MD. Hepatic oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Pelophylax kl. esculentus frogs: Influence of long-term exposure to a cyanobacterial bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141569. [PMID: 32853936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the long-term exposure of aquatic organisms to cyanobacterial blooms is a regular occurrence in the environment, the prooxidant and neurotoxic effects of such conditions are still insufficiently investigated in situ. We examined the temporal dynamics of the biochemical parameters in the liver of Pelophylax kl. esculentus frogs that inhabit the northern (N) side of Lake Ludaš (Serbia) with microcystins (MCs) produced in a cyanobacterial bloom over three summer months. The obtained data were compared with data on frogs that live on the southern (S), MC-free side of the same lake. Our results showed that the MC-producing bloom induced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, observed as a decrease in the concentration of protein -SH groups and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver of N frogs in comparison to S frogs. Glutathione (GSH) played a key role in the transient defense against the MC-induced development of LPO. The low glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity detected in all groups of frogs from the N site was crucial for the observed prooxidant consequences. The bloom impaired cholinergic homeostasis as a result of a decrease in ChE activity. A delayed neurotoxic effect in relation to the prooxidant outcomes was observed. Our results also showed that even though the integrated biomarker response (IBR) of the antioxidant biomarkers increased during exposure, the individual biochemical parameters did not exhibit a well-defined time-dependent pattern because of specific adaptation dynamics and/or additional effects of the physicochemical parameters of the water. This comprehensive environmental ecotoxicological evaluation of the cyanobacterial bloom-induced biochemical alterations in the liver of frogs provides a new basis for further investigations of the prolonged, real-life ecotoxicity of the blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka R Gavrilović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara G Petrović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana B Radovanović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana G Despotović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena P Gavrić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Imre I Krizmanić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš D Ćirić
- Scientific Institution Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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29
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Ren L, Hu Z, Wang Q, Du Y, Zong W. Regulation Efficacy and Mechanism of the Toxicity of Microcystin-LR Targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 via the Biodegradation Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120790. [PMID: 33322407 PMCID: PMC7764552 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is important to regulate the toxicity and environmental risk of microcystins (MCs). To explore their regulation effectiveness and mechanism, typical biodegradation products originating from microcystin-LR (MCLR) were prepared and purified. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition experiment showed the biodegradation pathway was effective in regulating the toxicity of the biodegradation products by extending the biodegradation. With the assistance of molecular docking, the specific interaction between the toxins and PP1 was explored. The MCLR/MCLR biodegradation products combined with PP1 mainly by the aid of interactions related to the active sites Adda5, Glu6, Mdha7, and the ionic bonds/hydrogen bonds between the integral toxin and PP1. As a consequence, the interactions between Mn22+ and Asp64/Asp92 in the catalytic center were inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in the reduced toxicity of the biodegradation products. During the biodegradation process, the relevant key interactions might be weakened or even disappear, and thus the toxicity was regulated. It is worth noting that the secondary pollution of the partial products (especially for Adda5-Glu6-Mdha7-Ala1 and the linearized MCLR), which still possessed the major active sites, is of deep concern.
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30
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Almeida de Oliveira R, Zanato N, Cruz Vieira I. Label‐free Immunosensor for the Determination of Microcystin‐LR in Water. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rávila Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Nicole Zanato
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Iolanda Cruz Vieira
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
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Xue Q, Steinman AD, Xie L, Yao L, Su X, Cao Q, Zhao Y, Cai Y. Seasonal variation and potential risk assessment of microcystins in the sediments of Lake Taihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113884. [PMID: 31918143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of microcystins (MCs) in sediment pose a serious hazard to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Hence, we investigated the seasonal variation of dominant MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR) in sediments of Lake Taihu over four seasons for the first time. Sediment MCs varied seasonally (p < 0.01) with concentrations highest in August and lowest in February. The MCs were dominated by MC-LR (61.47%) with the content ranging from 0.02 to 2.37 μg/g dry weight in sediment. The three MC congeners and their proportions were significantly correlated with latitude and longitude. Meiliang Bay in the north had the highest MCs of all sites, while the eastern part of the lake had a high level especially in August. Variation of MC-LR and MC-RR concentrations was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with water temperature, dissolved total organic carbon, cyanobacteria density, total suspended solid particles, and total organic carbon and total nitrogen in sediment, while MC-YR was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with nutrients in the water column and heavy metals in sediments. An ecological risk assessment suggested the MCs already pose significant adverse effects on Potamopyrgus antipodarum; although the adverse effects on humans were weak, children were at greater risk than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gavrilović BR, Prokić MD, Petrović TG, Despotović SG, Radovanović TB, Krizmanić II, Ćirić MD, Gavrić JP. Biochemical parameters in skin and muscle of Pelophylax kl. esculentus frogs: Influence of a cyanobacterial bloom in situ. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105399. [PMID: 31896464 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is little information in scientific literature as to how conditions created by a microcystin (MC) producing cyanobacterial bloom affect the oxidant/antioxidant, biotransformation and neurotoxicity parameters in adult frogs in situ. We investigated biochemical parameters in the skin and muscle of Pelophylax kl. esculentus from Lake Ludaš (Serbia) by comparing frogs that live on the northern bloom side (BS) of the lake with those that inhabit the southern no-bloom side (NBS). A higher protein carbonylation level and lower antioxidant defense system capability in the skin of frogs living in conditions of the cyanobacterial bloom were observed. Inhibition of glutathione-dependent machinery was the major mechanism responsible for the induction of cyanobacterial bloom-mediated oxidative stress in frog skin. On the other hand, the detected higher ability of muscle to overcome bloom prooxidant toxicity was linked to a higher efficiency of the biotransformation system through glutathione-S-transferase activity and/or was the consequence of indirect exposure of the tissue to the bloom. Our results have also revealed that the cyanobacterial bloom conditions induced the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in both tissues. This study provides a better understanding of the ecotoxicological impact of the MC producing cyanobacterial bloom on frogs in situ. However, further investigations of the complex mechanism involved in cyanobacterial bloom toxicity in real environmental conditions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka R Gavrilović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara G Petrović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana G Despotović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana B Radovanović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Imre I Krizmanić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš D Ćirić
- Scientific Institution Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - National Institute, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena P Gavrić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ma T, Cao N, Chen K, Wang H, Xu L, Xu C, Huang P. Microcystin-LR exposure disrupts the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 mice muscle cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:194-202. [PMID: 31714646 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a widely produced monocyclic heptapeptides in eutrophication waterbodies. MC-LR can induce various toxic effects in different cells. Our previous studies have found that MC-LR exposure can disrupt insulin signaling pathway in human liver cells (HL 7702). Skeletal muscle is one of the major organs for glucose disposal and responsive to insulin. However, the effects of MC-LR on insulin signaling pathway in muscle cells have not been fully explored. By using C2C12 mice muscle cells, this study aims to investigate the toxic effects of MC-LR in muscle cells with a focus on its effects on insulin signaling pathways. It was found that MC-LR entered into cells and inhibited protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) significantly. Furthermore, MC-LR increased phosphorylation of Ser302, Ser307, Ser612 of insulin receptor substrate 1, AKT-Ser473, GSK3α-Ser21, and S6K1-Thr389 by inhibiting the activity of PP2A. The results in this study demonstrate that exposure of MCLR can disrupt the insulin pathway in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Ma
- Department I of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Naifang Cao
- Department I of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kele Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Modley LAS, Rampedi IT, Avenant-Oldewage A, Mhuka V, Nindi M, Van Dyk C. Microcystin concentrations and liver histopathology in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis mossambicus from three impacted rivers flowing into a hyper-eutrophic freshwater system: A pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103222. [PMID: 31426013 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Roodeplaat Dam and its three inflowing rivers are highly impacted by surrounding anthropogenic activities. The system is hyper-eutrophic and characterized by seasonal algal blooms and previous studies have reported levels of the hepatotoxin microcystin in the water of the impoundment. Limited information is available on the microcystin concentrations in the inflowing rivers and no information is available on the bioaccumulated levels and potential health effects in fish inhabiting these rivers. The aim of this study was to do a histopathological assessment and to determine the concentrations of bioaccumulated microcystins in the livers of two indicator fish species Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis mossambicus. The results showed that the two species bioaccumulate microcystins at different concentrations and that their hepatic health response varied. The liver index was significantly higher for C. gariepinus compared to O. mossambicus. No significant positive correlation was found between the bioaccumulated microcystin levels and the liver histology index. It is recommended that this pilot study be followed by a controlled exposure study to confirm a possible cause and effect relationship between microcystin exposure and the specific liver alterations identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ann S Modley
- Department of Geography, Energy and Environmental Management, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Isaac T Rampedi
- Department of Geography, Energy and Environmental Management, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | | | - Vimbai Mhuka
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, The Science Campus, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida park, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Mathew Nindi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, The Science Campus, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida park, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Cobus Van Dyk
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
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Mohamed Z, Ahmed Z, Bakr A, Hashem M, Alamri S. Detection of free and bound microcystins in tilapia fish from Egyptian fishpond farms and its related public health risk assessment. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kawan A, Zhang T, Liu W, Mukhtar H, Zhan C, Zhang X. Recovery of reproductive function of female zebrafish from the toxic effects of microcystin-LR exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105240. [PMID: 31319295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish has a strong resistance to microcystins (MCs), cyclic heptapeptide cyanotoxins, known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which are released during cyanobacterial blooms and many laboratory and field studies have found the hepatic recovery of fish from the MCs exposure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the recovery mechanisms of reproductive function of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) from microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure. Therefore, adult female zebrafish were exposed to 0, 1 or 50 μg/L of MC-LR for 21days and transferred to MC free water for another 21 days to investigate the recovery. After MC-LR exposure, marked histological lesions in the gonads, decreased the percentage of mature oocytes, decreased number of spawned eggs, decreased fertilization and hatching rates were observed. MC-LR exposure increased the concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and vitellogenin (VTG) in female zebrafish. Some gene transcriptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis significantly changed. The protein levels of 17βhsd and cyp19a remarkably increased in the MC-LR exposure groups. However, our laboratory observation also indicates that zebrafish transferred from microcystin exposure to toxin-free water and reared for 21 days exhibited a nearly complete recovery of reproductive functions, including histological structure, increased the percentage of matured oocytes and spawned eggs, stable hormone levels, well-balanced transcriptional and translational levels. These results indicate that after MC-LR exposure, the reproductive impairments in zebrafish are also reversible likewise hepatic recovery seen by different studies in fish. Future studies should be conducted to explore a better understanding of the recovery mechanisms of fish from microcystins exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atufa Kawan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhou Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hina Mukhtar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Zhan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Li X, Jia P, Dai R. Evaluation of changes in Microcystis aeruginosa growth and microcystin production by urea via transcriptomic surveys. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:181-187. [PMID: 30469064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), is well known to produce microcystins (MCs) and induce the formation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in aquatic environments, but the effects that urea fertilizer has on cyanobacterial growth and toxin production from a molecular biology perspective remain poorly understood. We evaluated changes in the growth and toxicity of M. aeruginosa cultured under different conditions of nitrogen (N) starvation (NN), low nitrogen (LN), and high nitrogen (HN). Cell density and chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased in cyanobacteria exposed to N starvation and increased following the addition of urea, whereas MCs content increased to a peak and then decreased after urea addition. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that most genes encoding MCs and genes involved in N metabolic pathways were upregulated under N starvation and LN conditions, whereas these genes were downregulated under HN conditions. Our results offer important insights into the exploring N in controlling the formation of HABs and toxin production based on both physiological and molecular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peili Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruihua Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Doi H, Hillebrand H. Historical contingency and productivity effects on food-chain length. Commun Biol 2019; 2:40. [PMID: 30701205 PMCID: PMC6349908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-chain length (FCL) is a fundamental ecosystem attribute, integrating information on both food web composition and ecosystem processes. It remains untested whether FCL also reflects the history of community assembly known to affect community composition and ecosystem functioning. Here, we performed microcosm experiments with a copepod (top predator), two ciliate species (intermediate consumers), and bacteria (producers), and modified the sequence of species introduction into the microcosm at four productivity levels to jointly test the effects of historical contingency and productivity on FCL. FCL increased when the top predator was introduced last; thus, the trophic position of the copepod reflected assembly history. A shorter FCL occurred at the highest productivity level, probably because the predator switched to feeding at the lower trophic levels because of the abundant basal resource. Thus, we present empirical evidence that FCL was determined by historical contingency, likely caused by priority effects, and by productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Doi
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570 Germany
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Díez-Quijada L, Puerto M, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Jos A, Cameán AM. Microcystin-RR: Occurrence, content in water and food and toxicological studies. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:467-489. [PMID: 30399604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins, produced by various species of cyanobacteria, whose occurrence is increasing worldwide owing to climate change and anthropogenic activities. More than 100 variants have been reported, and among them MC-LR is the most extensively studied, but there are other MC congeners that deserve to be investigated. The need for data to characterize the toxicological profile of MC variants other than MC-LR has been identified in order to improve risk assessment in humans and wildlife. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the information available in the scientific literature dealing with MC-RR, as this congener is the second most common cyanotoxin in the environment. The review focuses on aspects such as occurrence in water and food, and toxicity studies both in vitro and in vivo. It reveals that, although MC-RR is a real hazard with a high exposure potential in some countries, little is known yet about its specific toxicological properties that differ from those of MC-LR, and important aspects such as genotoxicity and chronic effects have not yet been sufficiently addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Adegoke EO, Xue W, Machebe NS, Adeniran SO, Hao W, Chen W, Han Z, Guixue Z, Peng Z. Sodium Selenite inhibits mitophagy, downregulation and mislocalization of blood-testis barrier proteins of bovine Sertoli cell exposed to microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) via TLR4/NF-kB and mitochondrial signaling pathways blockage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:165-175. [PMID: 30267989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the ameliorative effect of selenium on microcystin-LR induced toxicity in bovine Sertoli cells. Bovine Sertoli cells were pretreated with selenium (Na2SeO3) for 24 h after which selenium pretreated and non-pretreated Sertoli cells were cultured in medium containing 10% heat activated fetal bovine serum FBS+ 80 µg/L MC-LR to assess its ameliorative effect on MC-LR toxicity. The results show that selenium pretreatment inhibited the MC-LR induced mitophagy, downregulation and mislocalization of blood-testis barrier constituent proteins in bovine Sertoli cells via NF-kB and cytochrome c release blockage. The observed downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) related genes (mt-ND2, COX-1, COX-2) and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, 1 L-13, TGFβ1) in non-pretreated cells exposed to MC-LR were ameliorated in selenium pretreated cells. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the protein levels of blood-testis barrier constituent proteins (ZO-1, occludin, connexin-43, CTNNB1, N-cadherin) and mitochondria related genes (mt-ND2, COX-1, COX-2, ACAT1, mtTFA) of selenium pretreated Sertoli cell compared to the control. Taken together, we conclude that selenium inhibits MC-LR caused Mitophagy, downregulation and mislocalization of blood-testis barrier proteins of bovine Sertoli cell via mitochondrial and TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathways blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Adegoke
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - Wang Xue
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - N S Machebe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - S O Adeniran
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - Wang Hao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhang Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhang Guixue
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China.
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, PR China.
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Díez-Quijada L, Prieto AI, Guzmán-Guillén R, Jos A, Cameán AM. Occurrence and toxicity of microcystin congeners other than MC-LR and MC-RR: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:106-132. [PMID: 30597222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins is being increasingly reported. This is a reason for concern as they can induce toxic effects both in humans and in the environment. Among them, microcystins (MCs) are the best described and most diverse group of cyanobacterial toxins, and MC-LR and MC-RR are the congeners most widely investigated. However, the number of MC variants has also increased in recent years. Some of these minority variants have been shown to have a different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic profile, but research focused on them is still limited. Moreover, in some water bodies these minority variants can be the predominant toxins. Nonetheless, MC-LR is the only one used for risk evaluation purposes at present. In order to contribute to more realistic risk assessments in the future, the aim of this review was to compile the available information in the scientific literature regarding the occurrence and concentration of minority MCs in water and food samples, and their toxic effects. The data retrieved demonstrate the congener-specific toxicity of MCs, as well as many data gaps in relation to analytical or mechanistic aspects, among others. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the toxicological characterization of these toxins and the exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Remedios Guzmán-Guillén
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Ding Q, Liu K, Xu K, Sun R, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. Further Understanding of Degradation Pathways of Microcystin-LR by an Indigenous Sphingopyxis sp. in Environmentally Relevant Pollution Concentrations. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120536. [PMID: 30558170 PMCID: PMC6315713 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most widely distributed microcystin (MC) that is hazardous to environmental safety and public health, due to high toxicity. Microbial degradation is regarded as an effective and environment-friendly method to remove it, however, the performance of MC-degrading bacteria in environmentally relevant pollution concentrations of MC-LR and the degradation pathways remain unclear. In this study, one autochthonous bacterium, Sphingopyxis sp. m6 which exhibited high MC-LR degradation ability, was isolated from Lake Taihu, and the degrading characteristics in environmentally relevant pollution concentrations were demonstrated. In addition, degradation products were identified by utilizing the full scan mode of UPLC-MS/MS. The data illustrated that strain m6 could decompose MC-LR (1–50 μg/L) completely within 4 h. The degradation rates were significantly affected by temperatures, pH and MC-LR concentrations. Moreover, except for the typical degradation products of MC-LR (linearized MC-LR, tetrapeptide, and Adda), there were 8 different products identified, namely, three tripeptides (Adda-Glu-Mdha, Glu-Mdha-Ala, and Leu-MeAsp-Arg), three dipeptides (Glu-Mdha, Mdha-Ala, and MeAsp-Arg) and two amino acids (Leu, and Arg). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mdha-Ala, MeAsp-Arg, and Leu as MC-LR metabolites. This study expanded microbial degradation pathways of MC-LR, which lays a foundation for exploring degradation mechanisms and eliminating the pollution of microcystins (MCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang R, Tai Y, Wan X, Ruan W, Man Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang Y. Enhanced removal of Microcystis bloom and microcystin-LR using microcosm constructed wetlands with bioaugmentation of degrading bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:29-37. [PMID: 29980069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cyanobacterial bloom (Cyano-bloom) and hepatotoxic microcystin (MC) pollution caused by eutrophication poses serious problems to aquatic ecosystems and public health. However, conventional water treatment technologies are inefficient for removing cyanotoxins. In this study, the performance of microcosm constructed wetlands (CWs) in the removal of Cyano-bloom, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and nutrients was investigated following repeated loading of pollutants. The effects of plant and bioaugmentation of selected MC-LR degrading bacteria on removal efficiency, degrading gene mlrA abundance, and bacterial community structure were examined. More than 90% of the MC-LR and chlorophyll-a was eliminated by CWs after 3 d of hydraulic retention time (HRT) without a lag phase. No significant differences between planted and unplanted CWs were found in the MC-LR and Cyano-bloom removal and mlrA gene abundance. Nevertheless, the plants improved nutrient removal to reduce eutrophication. Bioaugmentation markedly enhanced the degradation of MC-LR from 16.7 μg L-1 to below the threshold value within 12 h, which could help shorten the HRT of CWs by increasing functional MC-LR degrading bacteria. In the soil of CWs, the following six bacterial genera with MC-LR-degrading potential were found: Sphingopyxis, Methylotenera, Pseudomonas, Methylosinus, Novosphingobium, and Sphingomonas. Among them, the first three also significantly proliferated in CWs with bioaugmentation during MC-LR degradation, indicating their high adaptability and MC-LR removal contribution. These results suggested that CWs could provide suitable conditions for MC-LR degrading microorganism proliferation, and CWs with bioaugmentation could be effective and practical measures for the remediation of eutrophication and MC pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiping Tai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weifeng Ruan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Man
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yufen Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Concentrations of microcystins in the muscle and liver tissues of fish species from Koka reservoir, Ethiopia: A potential threat to public health. Toxicon 2018; 153:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tokodi N, Drobac D, Meriluoto J, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Važić T, Nybom S, Simeunović J, Dulić T, Lazić G, Petrović T, Vuković-Gačić B, Sunjog K, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Subakov-Simić G, Miljanović B, Codd GA, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacterial effects in Lake Ludoš, Serbia - Is preservation of a degraded aquatic ecosystem justified? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1047-1062. [PMID: 29710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are present in many aquatic ecosystems in Serbia. Lake Ludoš, a wetland area of international significance and an important habitat for waterbirds, has become the subject of intense research interest because of practically continuous blooming of cyanobacteria. Analyses of water samples indicated a deterioration of ecological condition and water quality, and the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria (the most abundant Limnothrix redekei, Pseudanabaena limnetica, Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis spp.). Furthermore, microcystins were detected in plants and animals from the lake: in macrophyte rhizomes (Phragmites communis, Typha latifolia and Nymphaea elegans), and in the muscle, intestines, kidneys, gonads and gills of fish (Carassius gibelio). Moreover, histopathological deleterious effects (liver, kidney, gills and intestines) and DNA damage (liver and gills) were observed in fish. A potential treatment for the reduction of cyanobacterial populations employing hydrogen peroxide was tested during this study. The treatment was not effective in laboratory tests although further in-lake trials are needed to make final conclusions about the applicability of the method. Based on our observations of the cyanobacterial populations and cyanotoxins in the water, as well as other aquatic organisms and, a survey of historical data on Lake Ludoš, it can be concluded that the lake is continuously in a poor ecological state. Conservation of the lake in order to protect the waterbirds (without urgent control of eutrophication) actually endangers them and the rest of the biota in this wetland habitat, and possibly other ecosystems. Thus, urgent measures for restoration are required, so that the preservation of this Ramsar site would be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tokodi
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Damjana Drobac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Tamara Važić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karolina Sunjog
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Studenski Trg 16, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Subakov-Simić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Miljanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Jia J, Chen Q, Wang M, Zhang J, Yi Q, Hu L. The production and release of microcystin related to phytoplankton biodiversity and water salinity in two cyanobacteria blooming lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2312-2322. [PMID: 29923630 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To find the connections between microcystins and the phytoplankton community, coupled with environmental factors, we investigated 2 cyanobacteria blooming lakes, Lake Taihu (at the center of the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China) and Lake Yanghe (near Qinhuangdao City, northern China). Two years of data, including water quality and the amounts of phytoplankton, microcystins, and the congeners in both algal cells and water, were collected from the 2 lakes during 2013 and 2014. The results showed that both the microcystin quota and release percentage were positively correlated with biodiversity of phytoplankton and the Chlorophyta to phytoplankton ratio, but were negatively correlated with cyanobacteria abundance and the cyanobacteria to phytoplankton ratio; both the microcystin quota and release percentage were closely related to the intensity of competition between cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton; meanwhile, microcystins played a role in the competition between cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton. Salinity had a significantly negative relationship with both cellular and total microcystins, but a significantly positive relationship with the microcystin releasing percentage, indicating that an increase in salinity inhibited the production of microcystins but promoted their release into the aquatic environment. In addition, the average number of microcystins in Lake Yanghe was several times higher than the provisional guideline value adopted by the World Health Organization, indicating a possible health risk to local people. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2312-2322. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuming Hu
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
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Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang S, Huang H, Wu J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Liu C, Zeng X, Cheng X, Zhuang D, Zhang H. Oxidative Stress Mediates Microcystin-LR-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in KK-1 Cells and C57BL/6 Mice Ovaries. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1058. [PMID: 30131715 PMCID: PMC6090159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide intracellular toxin released by cyanobacteria that exhibits strong reproductive toxicity. However, little is known about its biotoxicity to the female reproductive system. The present study investigates unexplored molecular pathways by which oxidative stress acts on MC-LR-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and autophagy. In the present study, immortalized murine ovarian granular cells (KK-1 cells) were exposed to 8.5, 17, and 34 μg/mL (IC50) of MC-LR with or without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, 10 mM) for 24 h, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with 12.5, 25.0, and 40.0 μg/kg⋅bw of MC-LR with or without NAC (200 mg/kg⋅bw) for 14 days. The results revealed that MC-LR could induce cells apoptosis and morphologic changes in ovarian tissues, induce oxidative stress by stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destroying antioxidant capacity, and subsequently trigger ERs and autophagy by inducing the hyper-expression of ATG12, ATG5, ATG16, EIF2α (phosphorylated at S51), CHOP, XBP1, GRP78, Beclin1, and PERK (Thr980). Furthermore, NAC pretreatment partly inhibited MC-LR-induced ERs and autophagy via the PERK/ATG12 and XBP1/Beclin1 pathways. These results suggest that oxidative stress mediated MC-LR-induced ERs and autophagy in KK-1 cells and C57BL/6 mice ovaries. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in female toxicity induced by MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenshen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanrui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donggang Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao S, Liu Y, Wang F, Xu D, Xie P. N-acetylcysteine protects against microcystin-LR-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and germ cell apoptosis in zebrafish testes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:463-473. [PMID: 29679867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a reproductive toxicant that induces germ cell apoptosis in the testes, but the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. In this study, we investigated that MCLR induces germ cell apoptosis is through activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant could protect against germ cell apoptosis by inhibiting the ER stress. Healthy male zebrafish were intraperitoneally injected with NAC (500 nM), beginning at 2 h before different doses of MCLR (0, 50, 100, 200 μg/kg). As expected, acute MCLR exposure resulted in oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis in zebrafish testes. Further analysis showed that NAC significantly alleviated MCLR-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis and inhibited the caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins. Meanwhile H&E staining showed that NAC could rescue testicular damage induced by MCLR. Moreover, MCLR induced activation of ER stress which consequently triggered apoptosis in zebrafish testes. Interestingly, NAC was effective in improving the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level and activity of antioxidant enzymes in NAC pretreated groups. NAC significantly attenuated MCLR-induced upregulation of GRP78 in testes. In addition, NAC significantly attenuated MCLR-triggered testicular eIF2s1 and MAPK8 activation, indicating that NAC counteracts MCLR-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in testes. Taken together, the results observed in this study suggested that ER stress plays a critical role in germ cell apoptosis exposed to MCLR and NAC could protect against apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress in zebrafish testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Simiyu BM, Oduor SO, Rohrlack T, Sitoki L, Kurmayer R. Microcystin Content in Phytoplankton and in Small Fish from Eutrophic Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070275. [PMID: 29970874 PMCID: PMC6070987 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human health risks posed by exposure to cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystin (MC) through water and fish consumption remain poorly described. During the last two decades, coastal regions of Lake Victoria such as Nyanza Gulf (Kisumu Bay) have shown severe signs of eutrophication with blooms formed by Microcystis producing MC. In this study, the spatial variability in MC concentration in Kisumu Bay was investigated which was mostly caused by Microcystis buoyancy and wind drifting. Small fish (<6 cm) mainly composed of Rastrineobola argentea were examined for MC content by means of biological methods such as ELISA and protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) and partly by chemical-analytical methods such as LC-MS/MS. Overall, the MC content in small fish was related to the MC content observed in the seston. When comparing the MC content in the seston in relation to dry weight with the MC content in small fish the latter was found three orders of magnitude decreased. On average, the ELISA-determined MC contents exceeded the PPIA-determined MC contents by a factor of 8.2 ± 0.5 (SE) while the MC contents as determined by LC-MS/MS were close to the detection limit. Using PPIA, the MC content varied from 25–109 (mean 62 ± 7) ng/g fish dry weight in Kisumu Bay vs. 14 ± 0.8 ng MC/g in the more open water of L. Victoria at Rusinga channel. Drying the fish under the sun showed little effect on MC content, although increased humidity might indirectly favor photocatalyzed MC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Mucholwa Simiyu
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya.
| | - Steve Omondi Oduor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Rohrlack
- Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 As, Norway.
| | - Lewis Sitoki
- Department of Geosciences and the Environment, The Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
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Potential Indicator Value of Subfossil Gastropods in Assessing the Ecological Health of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Floodplain System (China). GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8060222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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