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Kushwaha A, Goswami L, Kim BS, Lee SS, Pandey SK, Kim KH. Constructed wetlands for the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater: Current status, progress, and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142364. [PMID: 38768790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the practical utility of constructed wetlands (CWs) is described as a promising treatment option for micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater with the aid of their eco-friendly, low-energy, economically feasible, and ecologically sustainable nature. This paper offers a comprehensive review on CW technology with respect to the key strategies for MP removal such as phytoremediation, substrate adsorption, and microbial degradation. It explores the important factors controlling the performance of CWs (e.g., in terms of configurations, substrates, plant-microbe interactions, temperature, pH, oxygen levels, hydraulic loading rate, and retention time) along with the discussions on the pivotal role of microbial populations in CWs and plant-microbe cooperative remediation dynamics, particularly in relation to diverse organic MP patterns in CWs. As such, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the key strategies for optimizing MP treatment and for enhancing the efficacy of CW systems. In addition, the process-based models of constructed wetlands along with the numerical simulations based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method are also described in association with the data exploratory techniques. This work is thus expected to help open up new possibilities for the application of plant-microbe cooperative remediation approaches against diverse patterns of organic MPs present in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalit Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudhir Kumar Pandey
- Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (a central University) Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Mokgope H, Leudjo Taka A, Klink MJ, Pakade VE, Walmsley T. Quantification of some ARVs' removal efficiency from wastewater using a moving bed biofilm reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2928-2942. [PMID: 36515197 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To date, in South Africa alone, there are an estimated 4.5 million people receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. This places South Africa as the country with the largest ARV therapy programme in the world. As a result, there are an increasing number of reports on the occurrence of ARVs in South African waters. Achieving efficient and bio-friendly methods for the removal of these pollutants is considered as a concern for environmental researchers. This study aims at studying the efficiency of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for removing ARVs from wastewater. A continuous-flow laboratory scale system was designed, built, installed, and operated at a carrier filling rate of 30%, an organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/m3.d-1 OLR, a hydraulic retention time of 18h, and a 27.8 mL/min flow rate. The systems were monitored over time for the elimination of conventional wastewater parameters i.e., Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and nutrients. The results showed that the MBBR system as a bio-friendly method has high efficiency in removing Nevirapine, Tenofovir, Efavirenz, Ritonavir and Emtricitabine from the synthetic influent sample with an average removal of 62%, 74%, 94%, 94% and 95%, respectively, after 10 days of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Mokgope
- Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Anny Leudjo Taka
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Michael John Klink
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Vusumzi Emmanuel Pakade
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Tara Walmsley
- Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
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Kharbouche L, Martínez Galera M, Díaz Galiano F, Gil García M. Pre-concentration of 218 multiclass pesticide in groundwater samples using MSU-1 mesoporous sorbent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang M, Liu L, Wang Z, Lin K. Using EEM-PARAFAC to identify and trace the pollution sources of surface water with receptor models in Taihu Lake Basin, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115925. [PMID: 35987058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The identification and apportionment of the multiple pollution sources are essential and crucial for improving the effectiveness of surface water resources management. In this study, the surface water samples were collected from Taihu Lake Basin, and the optimal water quality parameters for the receptor models were selected firstly with multivariate statistical analyses. In order to identify the potential pollution sources in surface water, dissolved organic matter (DOM) was analyzed with the excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Through the Pearson correlation analysis of water quality parameters and DOM components, the pollution sources were further verified, i.e., agricultural activities, domestic sewage, phytoplankton growth/terrestrial input and industrial sources. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were employed to quantify pollution sources. Compared with PCA-APCS-MLR model, PMF model resulted in higher performance on evaluation statistics and lower proportion of unexplained variability, thus showed more realistic and robust representation. The results of PMF showed that agricultural activities (42.08%) and domestic sewage (21.16%) were identified as the dominant pollution sources of surface water in the study area. This study highlights the effectiveness of EEM-PARAFAC in identifying the pollution sources, and the applicability of PMF in apportioning the contributions of each potential pollution source in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environment Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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de Araújo EP, Caldas ED, Oliveira-Filho EC. Pesticides in surface freshwater: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:452. [PMID: 35608712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to critically review studies published up to November 2021 that investigated the presence of pesticides in surface freshwater to answer three questions: (1) in which countries were the studies conducted? (2) which pesticides are most evaluated and detected? and (3) which pesticides have the highest concentrations? Using the Prisma protocol, 146 articles published from 1976 to November 2021 were included in this analysis: 127 studies used grab sampling, 10 used passive sampling, and 9 used both sampling techniques. In the 45-year historical series, the USA, China, and Spain were the countries that conducted the highest number of studies. Atrazine was the most evaluated pesticide (56% of the studies), detected in 43% of the studies using grab sampling, and the most detected in passive sampling studies (68%). The compounds with the highest maximum and mean concentrations in the grab sampling were molinate (211.38 µg/L) and bentazone (53 µg/L), respectively, and in passive sampling, they were oxyfluorfen (16.8 µg/L) and atrazine (4.8 μg/L), respectively. The levels found for atrazine, p,p'-DDD, and heptachlor in Brazil were higher than the regulatory levels for superficial water in the country. The concentrations exceeded the toxicological endpoint for at least 11 pesticides, including atrazine (Daphnia LC50 and fish NOAEC), cypermethrin (algae EC50, Daphnia and fish LC50; fish NOAEC), and chlorpyrifos (Daphnia and fish LC50; fish NOAEC). These results can be used for planning pesticide monitoring programs in surface freshwater, at regional and global levels, and for establishing or updating water quality regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Yang W, Tang Y, Jiang L, Luo P, Wu Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Xiong J. Coupling suspect and non-target analytical methods for screening organic contaminants of concern in agricultural & urban impacted waters: Optimization and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151117. [PMID: 34688742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of contaminants to emerging concern (CECs) may pose risks to human health and ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Rivers impacted by both agricultural and urban activities experience distinctive environmental pressures due to receiving wastewaters that contain complex organics and their transformation products (TPs). In this study, we developed a regional database composed of 1200 CECs of high concern in Guangxi (South China). Further, we optimized a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneously screening for CECs and their TPs. The optimized screening method was applied to surface waters sampled from 10 different cross sections of a river that is impacted by both agricultural and urban activities. The best results of method optimization were achieved when the screening detection limit (SDL) ranged from 0.05 to 2 ng L-1, and over 90% of the analytes had acceptable recovery rates ranging between 64.7% and 95.6% (RSD < 11%). Of the 1200 CECs contained in the regional database, 168 were detected in at least one sampling site of the studied river via suspect screening, and among them, 36 contaminants were found at all sampling sites. Also, 58 additional contaminants and 39 TPs were tentatively identified via non-target screening, among which 4 TPs were reported for the first time in the aquatic environment. Triazine herbicides and their TPs were identified at most of the sampling sites, with ametryn and atrazine posing relatively high risks in the river ecosystems. Furthermore, 31 known analytes were selected as standards in order to confirm the combined screening method; one false positive occurred in the non-target screening method. According to these results, the suspect screening strategy provides valuable confirmation for the identification of a wide range of CECs in water, while non-target screening can provide a reference for researchers and supplement the regional database, particularly in the study of TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yankui Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Penghong Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyi Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianghua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Im JK, Kim SH, Kim YS, Yu SJ. Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in the Tributary Surface Waters of the Han River Watershed, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157969. [PMID: 34360259 PMCID: PMC8345536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals are being increasingly used for disease treatment; hence, their distribution and factors influencing them in the aquatic environment need to be investigated. This study observed the effect of human and animal populations, usage, purchasing criteria (prescription vs. non-prescription), and land use to identify the spatio-temporal distribution of eight pharmaceuticals at twenty-four sites of the tributaries of the Han River watershed. In rural areas, the mean concentration (detection frequency) of non-prescription pharmaceuticals (NPPs) was higher (lower) compared to that of prescription pharmaceuticals (PPs); in urban areas, a reverse trend was observed. Pharmaceutical concentrations in urban and rural areas were mainly affected by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and non-point sources, respectively; concentrations were higher downstream (4.9 times) than upstream of the WWTPs. The concentration distribution (according to the target) was as follows: human–veterinary > human > veterinary. Correlation between total concentration and total usage of the pharmaceuticals was high, except for NPPs. Most livestock and land use (except cropland) were significantly positively correlated with pharmaceutical concentrations. Concentrations were mainly higher (1.5 times) during cold seasons than during warm seasons. The results of this study can assist policymakers in managing pharmaceutical pollutants while prioritizing emerging pollutants.
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Vimalkumar K, Nikhil NP, Arun E, Mayilsamy M, Babu-Rajendran R. Synthetic musks in surface water and fish from the rivers in India: Seasonal distribution and toxicological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125558. [PMID: 34030411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks (SMs), a class of organic compounds added to various personal care products (PCPs) to enhance aroma, are increasingly released into the environment and become one emerging contaminants of concern in India. Some SMs like Galaxolide, Tonalide and Musk Ketone (MK) are lipophilic and found ubiquitously in the environment, posing health and ecological risks, especially affecting aquatic organisms. Hence, monitoring the synthetic musks contamination in these rivers become environmentally inevitable. Consequently, three major rivers, the Kaveri (Cauvery), Vellar and Thamirabarani Rivers in Tamil Nadu, India, were investigated to understand the occurrence and fate of SMs. The concentration of Galaxolide, Tonalide and MK in surface water ranged as not detected (ND)-198, ND-77 and ND-62 ng/L, respectively. The levels of SMs in the Kaveri River were comparable with Vellar and Thamirabarani Rivers; however, the detection frequency was low in Thamirabarani river. Fish samples from the Kaveri river had higher concentrations of SMs (galaxolide 36-350 ng/g > MK 2-33 ng/g > Tonalide 1-9 ng/g ww (wet weight)) than in the Vellar River. Based on Hazard Quotient, SMs pose no risks to freshwater systems and the resident organisms in this study. In India, the dry season starts from March to July (35-42 °C) and wet season starts from November to February (25-35 °C). Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for Galaxolide were found higher during the wet season and lower during the dry season, whereas it is reverse for Tonalide. Among fish Gebilion catla may be a good indicator species for SMs, despite the seasons, it accumulates more. This is the first study of SMs in surface water and fish from the rivers in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nishikant Patil Nikhil
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elaiyaraja Arun
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugasamy Mayilsamy
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Hiyoshi India Ecological Services Private Limited, TICEL Biopark Ltd., Module No: 201 & 202 (Phase I, Second Floor), Taramani Road (CSIR Road), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaswamy Babu-Rajendran
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Liu L, Aljathelah NM, Hassan H, Giraldes BW, Leitão A, Bayen S. Targeted and suspect screening of contaminants in coastal water and sediment samples in Qatar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145043. [PMID: 33609843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined with separation techniques has allowed comprehensive analysis of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as well as their metabolites and transformation products in various environmental samples via retrospective screening. However, to date, only a few suspect or non-targeted studies on the occurrence of CECs in marine aquatic system are reported. In this study, two methods, based on direct injection for seawater, or ultrasound-assisted extraction for sediments, followed by LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis were developed and applied for the simultaneous targeted and screening of contaminants in coastal samples (seawater, particulates and sediment) from Qatar collected in 2017-2018. Among the twenty-one target analytes (pesticides, PPCPs and a plasticizer), two compounds only were detected in seawater. Caffeine was detected in seawater samples at all sampling sites, and cotinine was detected in seawater samples collected in Umm Bab in 2018 and seawaters receiving stormwater. Traces of trimethoprim and carbamazepine were detected in sediment samples collected at four sites in 2017. These results suggest some inputs of domestic wastewater in the coastal waters in Qatar. In total, twelve molecular features were tentatively identified from suspect screening at concentration levels significantly higher than that in procedure blanks. The presence of four plasticizers and one pesticide were further confirmed using reference standards: diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tributyl phosphate (TBP) in seawater samples; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in sediment and particulate samples; and dinoterb in seawater after storm event and particulate samples. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of high resolution LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for combined targeted and non-targeted analyses of trace contaminants in marine systems over a broad range of log P values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Canada
| | | | - Hassan Hassan
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Canada.
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Khademi SMS, Salemi A, Jochmann M, Joksimoski S, Telgheder U. Development and comparison of direct immersion solid phase micro extraction Arrow-GC-MS for the determination of selected pesticides in water. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aldeguer Esquerdo A, Sentana Gadea I, Varo Galvañ PJ, Prats Rico D. Efficacy of atrazine pesticide reduction in aqueous solution using activated carbon, ozone and a combination of both. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144301. [PMID: 33385651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the reduction of the emerging organic contaminant atrazine in water, was investigated by adsorption, oxidation and a combination of both technologies. Adsorption tests were performed using method ASTM D3860-98 with two types of activated carbon: powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon. For the oxidation tests, advanced ozone oxidation technology was used. Finally, in the combined tests, firstly adsorption treatment was applied followed by oxidation and then the order was reversed. We studied the contaminant removal percentage using different treatments at various reaction times. Results for the different treatments under study showed that, for an initial atrazine concentration of 0.7 mg L-1 and a dose of 16 mg L-1 of powdered activated carbon, with contact times of 60 min, 24 h and 48 h, percentage reductions of the contaminant of 81%, 92% and 94% respectively were obtained. For the same concentration of contaminant, but instead using granular activated carbon, the percentage reduction of atrazine at 60 min was 2%, this percentage rising to 34% and 35% after 24 and 48 h of contact time, respectively. For the same initial contaminant concentration, when ozone was applied at a dose of 19.7 mg L-1, and with a reaction time of 18 min, a reduction of atrazine of 93% was obtained, but oxidation by-products were also produced. For the combined treatments, with the same initial concentration of contaminant and the same doses of carbon and ozone as previously indicated, better contaminant reductions were obtained when the treatment started with activated carbon followed by ozone, achieving a 90% reduction of atrazine observing a 17 minute contact time with powdered activated carbon and a 3 day contact time using the granulated carbon. When the order was reversed by starting with ozone, the contact time was 52 min and 4 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aldeguer Esquerdo
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, PO 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Irene Sentana Gadea
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, PO 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pedro José Varo Galvañ
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, PO 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Daniel Prats Rico
- University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, PO 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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García-Galán MJ, Matamoros V, Uggetti E, Díez-Montero R, García J. Removal and environmental risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern from irrigation waters in a semi-closed microalgae photobioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110278. [PMID: 33038365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficiency of a semi-closed, tubular, horizontal photobioreactor (PBR) to treat a mixture of irrigation and rural drainage water, focusing in the removal of different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and evaluating the environmental impact of the resulting effluent. Target CECs included pharmaceuticals, personal care products and flame retardants. Of the 13 compounds evaluated, 11 were detected in the feed water entering the PBR, and diclofenac (DCF) (1107 ng L-1) and N,N-diethyl-toluamide (DEET) (699 ng L-1) were those present at the greatest concentrations. The best removal efficiencies were achieved for the pharmaceuticals diazepam (94%), lorazepam (LZP) (83%) and oxazepam (OXA) (71%), and also for ibuprofen (IBU) (70%). For the rest of the CECs evaluated, attenuation was similar to that obtained after conventional wastewater treatment, ranging from basically no elimination (carbamazepine (CBZ) and tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)) to medium efficiencies (DCF and tributyl phosphate (TBP) (50%)). Environmental risk assessment based on hazard quotients (HQs) resulted in HQ values < 0.1 (no risk associated) for most of the compounds and most of the trophic levels considered. Values between 1 and 10 (moderate risk) were obtained for tonalide (AHTN) (fish) and CBZ (invertebrates). The most sensitive trophic level was green algae, whereas fish and aquatic plants were the most resilient. Our results suggest that microalgae-based treatments could become a green, cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment regarding the efficient elimination of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Group of Environmental Pollution and Agriculture, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Díez-Montero
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Piel S, Grandcoin A, Baurès E. Understanding the origins of herbicides metabolites in an agricultural watershed through their spatial and seasonal variations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:313-332. [PMID: 33560904 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1883390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the spatial and seasonal variations of persistent herbicides metabolites and to determine their origins in the Vilaine River watershed, Britany-France. Improving knowledge on herbicides metabolites sources and seasonality is important for drinking water resource management. Data were collected at 13 sampling stations during five sampling campaigns in 2016 and 2017. Relations between water quality parameters, herbicides and metabolites were analyzed using statistical methods. The influence of land use and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) on streams water quality has been identified. Cluster Analysis revealed that two groups of sampling stations can be described as "urban" with stations downstream the urban area and as "agricultural" with stations located downstream of the watershed. Chloroacetamids metabolites have been associated together with nitrates and agricultural areas as could be expected. Thus, the drinking water treatment plant located in the estuary of the Vilaine River is exposed to high metolachlor ESA and nitrate loads all year long. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is associated to anthropogenic urban contamination and nutrient loads. AMPA has its major sources in both glyphosate and phosphonate detergents issued from WWTP. This can help to adapt surface water treatment process and water management policies concerning herbicides metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Grandcoin
- SAUR R&D, Maurepas, France
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Estelle Baurès
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Manley A, Collins AL, Joynes A, Mellander PE, Jordan P. Comparing Extraction Methods for Biomarker Steroid Characterisation from Soil and Slurry. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2020; 231:524. [PMID: 33088005 PMCID: PMC7547041 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clean water is a precious resource, and policies/programmes are implemented worldwide to protect and/or improve water quality. Faecal pollution can be a key contributor to water quality decline causing eutrophication through nutrient enrichment and pathogenic contamination. The robust sourcing of faecal pollutants is important to be able to target the appropriate sector and to engage managers. Biomarker technology has the potential for source confirmation, by using, for example the biomarker suite of steroids. Steroids have been used in the differentiation of human and animal faeces; however, there is no unequivocal extraction technique. Some of the methods used include (i) Soxhlet extraction, (ii) Bligh and Dyer (BD) extraction, and (iii) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The less costly and time intensive technique of ASE is particularly attractive, but a current research gap concerns further comparisons regarding ASE lipid extraction from soils/slurries compared with the more traditional Soxhlet and BD extractions. Accordingly, a randomised complete block experiment was implemented to assess differences between the three extraction methods, differences between the different sample types, and the interactions between these two factors. Following GC-MS, it was found that there was no significant difference between the results of the steroid extraction methods, regardless of the type of sample used, for the quantity of each steroid extracted. It was concluded that ASE could be used confidently instead of the more established steroid extraction methods, thereby delivering time and cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Manley
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB UK
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
| | - Adrian L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB UK
| | - Adrian Joynes
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB UK
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - Phil Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
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15
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Yin H, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Trace determination of eleven natural estrogens and insights from their occurrence in a municipal wastewater treatment plant and river water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115976. [PMID: 32622129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As endocrine disruptors, natural estrogens including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) in wastewaters of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as well as other environmental matrix have been widely studied. However, the far-less studied natural estrogens such as 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), etc., found in human urine have been almost ignored. Therefore, it is important to investigate the occurrence of these far-less studied natural estrogens in municipal WWTP and other environment. In this study, a GC-MS analytical method was firstly established and validated for trace determination of eleven natural estrogens in waste and surface waters, including E1, E2, E3, 2OHE1, 16α-OHE1, 4OHE1, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2), 17-epiestriol (17epiE3), 16-epiestriol (16epiE3), and 16keto-estradiol (16ketoE2). All the eleven natural estrogens were detected in the influent of one municipal WWTP, which ranged from 7.9 to 62.9 ng/L. The top five natural estrogens in the influent were E1, E3, 16α-OHE1, 16ketoE2, and 2OHE1 with respective concentrations of 62.9, 62.6, 46.9, 32.7, and 28.8 ng/L. Most of them were detected in both the effluent and river water, in which their detected concentrations were n.d-14.7 and n.d-51.7 ng/L, respectively. This work is the first to indicate that the so far less commonly studied natural estrogens in the environment likely pose adverse health effect on humans and wildlife due to their relative strong estrogenic potencies and high levels in wastewater and river water. More work should be done to understand their removals in municipal WWTPs and their occurrence in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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16
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Kibuye FA, Gall HE, Veith TL, Elkin KR, Elliott HA, Harper JP, Watson JE. Influence of hydrologic and anthropogenic drivers on emerging organic contaminants in drinking water sources in the Susquehanna River Basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125583. [PMID: 31869673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in surface water bodies can cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. When surface waters are used as drinking water sources, temporal variability in EOC concentrations can potentially impact drinking water quality and human health. To better understand spatiotemporal variability of EOCs in drinking water sources in Central Pennsylvania, EOCs were evaluated in six drinking water sources during a two-year study period (April 2016-June 2018) in the Susquehanna River Basin (SRB). The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I was a spatially distributed sampling approach within the SRB focusing on seven human pharmaceuticals and Phase II was a temporally intensive sampling regime at a single site focusing on a broader range of EOCs. Concentration-discharge relationships were utilized to classify EOC transport dynamics and understand the extent to which hydrologic and anthropogenic factors, such as surface runoff and wastewater effluent, may contribute to EOC occurrence. Overall, EOCs were present at higher concentrations in colder seasons than warmer seasons. Thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, and caffeine exhibited accretion dynamics during high-flow periods, suggesting higher transport during surface runoff events. Human pharmaceuticals known to persist in wastewater effluent were inversely correlated with discharge, indicating dilution characteristics consistent with diminished wastewater signals during high-flow periods. Acetaminophen exhibited near-chemostatic transport dynamics, indicating nonpoint source inputs during high-flow periods. Risk calculations revealed that although EOCs posed medium-to-high risk to aquatic organisms, human health risk through fish consumption was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Kibuye
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Heather E Gall
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tamie L Veith
- USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kyle R Elkin
- USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Herschel A Elliott
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jeremy P Harper
- The Pennsylvania State University, Energy and Environmental Sustainability Laboratories, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John E Watson
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Lei P, Zhu J, Pan K, Zhang H. Sorption kinetics of parent and substituted PAHs for low-density polyethylene (LDPE): Determining their partition coefficients between LDPE and water (K LDPE) for passive sampling. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:349-360. [PMID: 31791508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used as a sorbent for passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in aquatic environments. However, it has seen only limited application in passive sampling for measurement of freely dissolved concentrations of parent and substituted PAHs (SPAHs), which are known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Here, the 16 priority PAHs and some typical PAHs were selected as target compounds and were simultaneously determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Some batch experiments were conducted in the laboratory to explore the adsorption kinetics of the target compounds in LDPE membranes. The results showed that both PAHs and SPAHs could reach equilibrium status within 19-38 days in sorption kinetic experiments. The coefficients of partitioning between LDPE film (50 μm thickness) and water (KLDPE) for the 16 priority PAHs were in good agreement with previously reported values, and the values of KLDPE for the 9 SPAHs are reported in this study for the first time. Significant linear relationships were observed, i.e., log KLDPE = 0.705 × log KOW + 1.534 for PAHs (R2 = 0.8361, p < 0.001) and log KLDPE = 0.458 × log KOW + 3.092 for SPAHs (R2 = 0.5609, p = 0.0077). The selected LDPE film was also proven to meet the condition of "zero sink" for the selected target compounds. These results could provide basic support for the configuration and in situ application of passive samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Hurtado-Gallego J, Redondo-López A, Leganés F, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Peroxiredoxin (2-cys-prx) and catalase (katA) cyanobacterial-based bioluminescent bioreporters to detect oxidative stress in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124395. [PMID: 31545198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detection of oxidative stress caused by emerging pollutants in aquatic systems is essential to carry out toxicological analysis since they can bring us information about the mechanisms of toxic action of the pollutants, which might be useful to address this contamination. To achieve this goal, two self-bioluminescent strains that respond to oxidative stress based on the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC7120, which has a high ecological relevance in aquatic continental systems, have been constructed. Nostoc sp. PCC7120 pBG2172 harbours the promoter region of the 2-cys-prx gene (P2-cys-prx), encoding a cytoplasmic peroxiredoxin, fused to luxCDABE genes of the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. Nostoc sp. PCC7120 pBG2173 harbours the promoter region of the KatA gene (PkatA), a cytoplasmic catalase, also fused to luxCDABE genes. Both strains have been characterized by exposing them to H2O2: Nostoc sp. PCC7120 pBG2172 responded while Nostoc sp. PCC7120 pBG2173 did not respond to this pollutant. In order to know their specificity, they were exposed to methyl viologen (MV), an herbicide that produces superoxide anion (O2-) and a bioluminescence response was observed in both strains. Besides, the utility of these strains for the detection of H2O2 and MV in natural water samples, both pristine and wastewater samples has been tested by spiking experiments. Finally, the possible application of these strains for the detection of the emerging pollutant triclosan has also been tested showing to be suitable bioreporters to study oxidative stress in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Hurtado-Gallego
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Redondo-López
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Collier CA, de Almeida Neto MS, de Almeida GMA, Rosa Filho JS, Severi W, El-Deir ACA. Effects of anthropic actions and forest areas on a neotropical aquatic ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:367-377. [PMID: 31323582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to understand how anthropic impacts generated by sugarcane plantations and urban development affect a Neotropical river in northeastern Brazil, through the evaluation of the relationships between the local ichthyofauna and environmental variables, and different patterns of land cover, in addition to seasonal variation. Monthly samples of environmental parameters and icthyofauna were taken from September 2013 to August 2014 in the lower course of the Capibaribe River (PE, Brazil). Environmental parameters varied significantly among land cover and seasons, grouping separately samples from the Anthropized and Forested areas. Highest values of phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, fecal coliform (E. coli) and ammoniacal nitrogen, together with the lowest dissolved oxygen concentrations, were recorded in the Anthropized areas. Species richness, evenness, and diversity of fishes were highest in the Forested areas, while abundance was highest in the Anthropized areas. Our results emphasize the importance of riparian forests, since the forested sites had best environmental conditions and ichthyofauna with higher diversity and evenness. Impacts caused by sugarcane plantations and urban development resulted in the simplification of the ichthyofauna and nutrient enrichment, which underpinned a process of eutrophication. Our results reinforce the need for the development of management plans that encourage rational land use practices, the protection of aquatic ecosystems, the recovery of riverside areas, and the conservation of local biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alves Collier
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52.171-900, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Santana de Almeida Neto
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52.171-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Macêdo Aretakis de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Development and Environment, Center for Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - J S Rosa Filho
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - William Severi
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52.171-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Asfora El-Deir
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52.171-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros - s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 52.171-900, Brazil
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20
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Fonseca E, Renau-Pruñonosa A, Ibáñez M, Gracia-Lor E, Estrela T, Jiménez S, Pérez-Martín MÁ, González F, Hernández F, Morell I. Investigation of pesticides and their transformation products in the Júcar River Hydrographical Basin (Spain) by wide-scope high-resolution mass spectrometry screening. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108570. [PMID: 31325630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC implemented by the European Union established as the main objectives to achieve a "good ecological and chemical status" of the surface water and a "good quantitative and chemical status" of groundwater bodies. One of the major pressures affecting water bodies comes from the use of pesticides and their potential presence in the water ecosystems. For this purpose, the reliable determination of pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) in natural waters (both surface and groundwater) is required. The high number of compounds potentially reaching the aquatic environment makes extraordinary difficult, if not impossible, to investigate all these compounds even using the most powerful analytical techniques. Among these, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry is emphasized due to its strong potential for detection and identification of many organic contaminants thanks to the accurate-mass full spectrum acquisition data. This work focuses on wide-scope screening of many pesticides and their TPs in surface water and groundwater samples, collected between March and May 2017, in the Júcar River Hydrographical Basin, Spain. For this purpose, a home-made database containing more than 500 pesticides and TPs was employed. Analyses performed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) allowed the identification of up to 27 pesticides and 6 TPs. The most detected compounds in groundwater were the herbicides atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, and their TPs (atrazine-desethyl, terbumeton-desethyl and terbuthylazine-desethyl). Regarding surface water, the fungicides carbendazim, thiabendazole and imazalil, the herbicide terbutryn and the TP terbumeton-desethyl were also detected. These results illustrate the wide use of these compounds (in the present or in the recent past) in the area under study and the vulnerability of the water bodies, and are in accordance with previous findings in other water bodies of the different Spanish Hydrographic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Fonseca
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Estrela
- Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (CHJ), Avda. de Blasco Ibáñez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez
- Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (CHJ), Avda. de Blasco Ibáñez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco González
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca, 20100, Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Morell
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
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Gao S, Tian B, Zeng X, Yu Z. Enantiomeric analysis of polycyclic musks AHTN and HHCB and HHCB-lactone in sewage sludge by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:607-612. [PMID: 30667545 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Enantioselective analysis of chiral compounds is an interesting and challenging technique used to elucidate the degradation/transformation mechanisms of these compounds or understand their environmental processes. In this study, we have developed an effective separation and detection approach for the enantiomeric analysis of AHTN and HHCB, as well as a transformation product of HHCB (HHCB-lactone), in sludge samples. METHODS The analytical method was developed using a cyclodextrin-based enantioselective gas chromatography column combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The GC oven temperature gradients, the linear velocity of the helium carrier gas, as well as the MS/MS parameters, including quantitative and qualitative ion pairs, dwell times, and collision energies, were optimized to achieve good separation and high sensitivity for all target enantiomers. RESULTS Baseline separations of all target enantiomers were observed. Limits of quantification (LOQs) for all enantiomers ranged from 0.010 to 0.045 μg/L, and calibration linearity for all single enantiomers was higher than 0.99. The intra-day and inter-day precisions for all single enantiomers of AHTN, HHCB, and HHCB-lactone ranged from 0.8 to 3.8% and from 4.2 to 8.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed method was fully validated through enantioselective analyses of AHTN, HHCB, and HHCB-lactone in sludge samples collected from 17 WWTPs. The enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of HHCB and HHCB-lactone in sludge samples distinctly deviated from 0.50, indicating a significant enantioselective transformation of HHCB with preferential degradation of the 4S enantiomers. Significant positive correlations were found between the EF values of cis-HHCB enantiomers and cis-HHCB-lactone enantiomers in the sludge samples, implying that further efforts are still needed to clarify the degradation/transformation mechanism from HHCB to HHCB-lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Boyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Yuan X, Li S, Hu J, Yu M, Li Y, Wang Z. Experiments and numerical simulation on the degradation processes of carbamazepine and triclosan in surface water: A case study for the Shahe Stream, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1125-1138. [PMID: 30577106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface water by combining laboratory experiments with numerical simulations. The degradation processes of two typical PPCPs (triclosan and carbamazepine) collected from the Shahe Stream were studied. Hydrolysis, biodegradation, and photolysis were the three major routes of triclosan (TCS) and carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation. A central composite design method was used to investigate the effects of related natural parameters (including pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, light intensity, and humic acid) on the TCS and CBZ degradation processes in the laboratory. Our results showed that the main degradation pathway of CBZ and TCS was direct photolysis during the daytime and that the maximal biodegradation rates of CBZ and TCS occurred at 22 °C when the optimum temperature function was used. Based on our experimental results, the observed degradation of CBZ and TCS followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the degradation kinetic equations under the influence of multiple natural parameters were established with estimated average degradation rate constants of 1.2452E-7 s-1 and 3.1260E-5 s-1 for CBZ and TCS, respectively. The degradation rate constants were incorporated into a one-dimensional, simply integrated hydrodynamic and water quality model. The proposed numerical model was applied to depict the transportation and transformation of CBZ and TCS in surface water and was validated by observational data from the Shahe Stream. The results showed that our model reproduced the observed patterns of CBZ and TCS concentrations reasonably, with slight overestimations compared to the observed data; the relative errors between the simulated and the observed concentrations were 5.85%-6.82% for CBZ and -156.85%--7.18% for TCS. According to our simulation, the spatial distribution of TCS in surface water was determined by biochemical degradation processes that were most affected by temperature under natural conditions; in contrast, the distribution of CBZ was largely controlled by diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jiatang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Mianzi Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Duong HT, Kadokami K, Trinh HT, Phan TQ, Le GT, Nguyen DT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen DT. Target screening analysis of 970 semi-volatile organic compounds adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter in Hanoi, Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:784-795. [PMID: 30572232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam's rapid economic development has resulted in dramatic increases in construction and the number of transportation vehicles. There is now growing public concern regarding increasing air pollution, especially in big cities; however, little information is available on air quality, particularly regarding semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter. Here, we determined the frequency and concentrations of 970 SVOCs in 48 air particle samples collected by means of high-volume air sampling in Hanoi, Vietnam, by using a target screening method and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry database. A total of 118 compounds (12.2% of the target compounds) were detected at least once in the samples, and the number of chemicals detected in each sample ranged from 85 to 103 (median, 92). For samples collected near a heavily trafficked road, the concentrations of target compounds in the samples were higher in samples collected during the day than in those collected at night, whereas the opposite was true for samples collected in a highly populated residential area with industrial activities related to the production of fresh noodles. Sixteen PAHs were detected at high concentrations in nearly 100% of the samples. Eighteen pesticides were detected, with permethrin being detected the most frequently (>70% samples), which can be explained by the use of permethrin-based Permecide 50 EC for dengue fever control during the sampling period. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (i.e., bisphenol A, 4-nitrophenol) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (diethyltoluamide, caffeine) were detected in over 90% of the samples. Seven sterols, five phthalate compounds and five organophosphorus flame retardants were detected in the samples. This is the first comprehensive survey of SVOCs adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter in Vietnam, and as such, this study provides important new information about the frequency and concentrations of atmospheric SVOC contamination. The variety of chemicals detected in this study implies an abundance of pollution sources; further investigations to determine these pollution sources and the risks posed by the detected SVOCs to human health are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Ha Thu Trinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Quang Phan
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Truong Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung Trung Nguyen
- Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thao Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dien Tran Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Gómez-Ramos MM, Ucles S, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR, Hernando MD. Exploration of environmental contaminants in honeybees using GC-TOF-MS and GC-Orbitrap-MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:232-244. [PMID: 30081361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an analytical approach by gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) intended to be used for investigation of non-targeted environmental contaminants in honeybees. The approach involves a generic extraction and analysis with two GC-HRMS systems: time-of-flight and Orbitrap analyzers, GC-TOF-MS, and GC-Orbitrap-MS operated in electron-impact ionization (EI) mode. The workflow for screening of non-targeted contaminants consisted of initial peak detection by deconvolution and matching the first-stage mass spectra EI-MS with a nominal mass spectral library. To gain further confidence in the structural characterization of the contaminants under investigation, molecular formula of representative ions (molecular and fragment ions) was provided for those with an accurate mass scoring (error < 5 ppm). This methology was applied for screening environmental contaminants in 75 samples of adult honeybee. This approach has provided the tentative identification of environmental contaminants belonging to different chemical groups, among them, PAHs, phthalates and synthetic musks. Residues of veterinary treatments used in apiculture were also detected in the honeybee samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gómez-Ramos
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Ucles
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - C Ferrer
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M D Hernando
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology - INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Boni MR, Chiavola A, Di Marcantonio C, Sbaffoni S, Biagioli S, Cecchini G, Frugis A. A study through batch tests on the analytical determination and the fate and removal of methamphetamine in the biological treatment of domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27756-27767. [PMID: 29380202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MET) is one of the most used illicit drugs in Europe and is recognized as one of the Emerging Organic Micropollutants. It is discharged into the sewerage system from different sources and then enters the wastewater treatment plants. The present study aimed at providing a better knowledge of the fate of MET through the wastewater treatment plants. The study addressed two different issues: (1) optimization of the analytical methods for MET determination in both liquid and sludge phases, focusing on the effects of potentially interfering substances and (2) investigation on the behaviour of MET in the biological treatment process, with specific concern for the biomass activity at different drug concentrations. Results of the study on issue 1 highlighted that the applied analytical method for MET determination (UPLC-MS/MS) is affected by the main components of wastewater for about 9-23%, which is comparable with the uncertainties of the method (about ± 28%). The method showed also to be repeatable and reliable (recovery > 75%; repeatability < 10-15%; bias uncertainty < 30%), and relatively easy-to-use. Therefore, it can be considered suitable for measurements on routine base in the WWTPs. Batch tests conducted to address issue 2 showed total removal of 84, 90, and 96% at 50, 100, and 200 ng/L initial MET concentration, respectively, for a contact time of 6 h. The removal process was mainly ascribed to the biological activity of both heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. The pseudo first-order kinetic model provided the best fitting of the experimental data of the overall biological processes at all the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the respirometric tests showed that MET does not induce any inhibition. Adsorption of MET on activated sludge was always very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostina Chiavola
- Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Di Marcantonio
- Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Sbaffoni
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Research Centre Casaccia, Technical Unit for Environmental Technologies, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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Ashfaq M, Li Y, Wang Y, Qin D, Rehman MSU, Rashid A, Yu CP, Sun Q. Monitoring and mass balance analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds and their transformation products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment system in Xiamen, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:170-177. [PMID: 29655110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, removal and mass balance of 8 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), triclosan (TCS), triclocarbon (TCC), 4-n-nonyl phenol (NP) and 4-n-octyl phenol (OP), along with 5 of their transformation products (TPs), including 4-hydroxy estrone (4-OH E1), 4-hydroxy estradiol (4-OH E2), methyl triclosan (MeTCS), carbanilide (NCC), dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) in a wastewater treatment plant. Generally, E3 showed the highest concentrations in wastewater with median value of 514 ng/L in influent, while TCS and TCC showed highest level in sludge and suspended solids (SS) with median value of 960 and 724 μg/kg, respectively. Spatial variations were observed along each unit of the wastewater treatment processes for dissolved analytes in wastewater and adsorbed analytes in suspended solids and sludge. Special emphasis was placed to understand the mass load of EDCs and their TPs to the wastewater treatment unit and mass loss during the wastewater treatment processes. Mass loss based on both aqueous and suspended phase concentration revealed that majority of these chemicals were significantly removed during the treatment process except for TCS, TCC, and three of their TPs (MeTCS, NCC, DCC), which were released or generated during the treatment process. Mass load results showed that 42.4 g of these EDCs and their TPs entered this wastewater treatment system daily via influent, whereas 6.15 g and 7.60 g were discharged through effluent and sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Chonova T, Labanowski J, Cournoyer B, Chardon C, Keck F, Laurent É, Mondamert L, Vasselon V, Wiest L, Bouchez A. River biofilm community changes related to pharmaceutical loads emitted by a wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9254-9264. [PMID: 28884270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are the main sources of a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals found in freshwater ecosystems. These pollutants raise environmental health concerns because of their highly bioactive nature and their chronic releases. Despite this, pharmaceuticals' effects on aquatic environments are poorly defined. Biofilms represent a major part of the microbial life in rivers and streams. They can drive key metabolic cycles and their organizations reflect exposures to changing chemical, physical, and biological constraints. This study estimated the concentrations, over a 3-year period, of ten pharmaceuticals and five nutrients in a river contaminated by a conventional WWTP fed by urban and hospital wastewaters. Variations in these concentrations were related to biofilm bacterial community dynamics. Rock biofilms had developed over defined periods and were harvested at four locations in the river from the up- and downstream WWTP discharge point. Pharmaceuticals were found in all locations in concentrations ranging from not being detected to 192 ng L-1. Despite the high dilution factor of the WWTP effluents by the receiving river, pharmaceuticals were found more concentrated downstream than upstream the WWTP. Shifts in bacterial community structures linked to the environmental emission of pharmaceuticals were superior to seasonal community changes. A community structure from a site located downstream but close to the WWTP was more strongly associated with high pharmaceutical loads and different from those of biofilm samples from the WWTP upstream or far downstream sites. These latter sites were more strongly associated with high nutrient contents. Low environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals can thus be transferred from WWTP effluents to a connected stream and induce bacterial aquatic community changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Chonova
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, USMB, 75 avenue de Corzent, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Laboratoire DEEP, EA 7429, 34 avenue des Arts, 69621, Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- UMR IC2MP 7285, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86073, Poitiers CEDEX 9, France
| | - Benoit Cournoyer
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Université Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Main building, aisle 3, 1st floor, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Cécile Chardon
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, USMB, 75 avenue de Corzent, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - François Keck
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, USMB, 75 avenue de Corzent, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Élodie Laurent
- UMR IC2MP 7285, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86073, Poitiers CEDEX 9, France
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- UMR IC2MP 7285, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86073, Poitiers CEDEX 9, France
| | - Valentin Vasselon
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, USMB, 75 avenue de Corzent, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Laure Wiest
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Bouchez
- UMR CARRTEL, INRA, USMB, 75 avenue de Corzent, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
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Hanamoto S, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Source estimation of pharmaceuticals based on catchment population and in-stream attenuation in Yodo River watershed, Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:964-971. [PMID: 29751447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five pharmaceuticals were monitored at four rivers and inlets and/or outlets of three sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Yodo River watershed, Japan over 17 sampling events. Twenty-six quantified pharmaceuticals were classified by source and fate. The load per person (LPP) of nine pharmaceuticals, including six with observed mass balance in studied river stretch of <80%, was appreciably lower in river water (RW) than in the effluent (EF) of STPs (RW/EF <0.5), indicating that they were susceptible to in-stream attenuation in the study area, while the others were relatively conservative. The LPP of 12 pharmaceuticals in RW were within ±50% of that in EF. Because their mass loadings in rivers were correlated with human population in the catchment and most people use the sewer system, the major source of the 12 pharmaceuticals was considered to be STPs. The LPP of the three most labile pharmaceuticals in STPs (caffeine, theophylline, and acetaminophen) was >1.5 in RW/EF and <1.0 in RW/influent (IF) of STPs. Poorly treated sewage discharged from households without using the sewer system was considered to be influential source of the three pharmaceuticals. The LPP (RW/EF) of caffeine, a pharmaceutical contained in food and beverage, was considerably higher than that of the other two, and this is attributable to untreated gray water discharged at households using the night-soil treatment system. The LPP of two veterinary drugs (sulfamonomethoxine and lincomycin) were >1.5 (RW/EF) and >1.0 (RW/IF). Their mass loadings in rivers showed a positive correlation with swine population in the catchment, although sulfamonomethoxine is equally used in both cattle and swine farming. This was attributable to application of cattle excrement as manure, and lability of sulfamonomethoxine during composting processes. The major source of the two veterinary drugs was considered to be on-site treatment facilities of swine urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hanamoto
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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de Sousa DNR, Mozeto AA, Carneiro RL, Fadini PS. Spatio-temporal evaluation of emerging contaminants and their partitioning along a Brazilian watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4607-4620. [PMID: 29192401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, partitioning, and spatio-temporal distribution of seven pharmaceuticals for human use, three steroid hormones and one personal care product were determined in surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment of Piraí Creek and Jundiaí River (Jundiaí River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil). The maximum average detected concentrations of the compounds in the Piraí River samples were < 30 ng L-1, except for caffeine (222 ng L-1). In Jundiaí River samples, most of the compounds were frequently detected, wherein caffeine had the highest concentration, with maximum average concentrations of 14,050 ng L-1, followed by atenolol (431 ng L-1), ibuprofen (268 ng L-1) and diclofenac (214 ng L-1). Atenolol, propranolol, estrone, and triclosan were the contaminants most frequently detected in sediment and SPM samples. Triclosan had the highest average proportion of SPM as opposed to in the aqueous phase (> 75%). Contaminants with acid functional groups showed, in general, a lower tendency to bind to particulate matter and sediments. In addition, hydrophobicity had an important effect on their environmental partitioning. The spatial distribution of contaminants along the Jundiaí River was mainly affected by the higher concentration of contaminants in water samples collected downstream from a sewage treatment plant (STP). The results obtained here clearly showed the importance of the analysis of some contaminants in the whole water, meaning both dissolved and particulate compartments in the water, and that the partitioning is ruled by a set of parameters associated to the physicochemical characteristics of contaminants and the matrix properties of the studied, which need be considered in an integrated approach to understand the fate of emerging chemical contaminants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nara Ribeiro de Sousa
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (LBGqA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Aparecido Mozeto
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (LBGqA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Applied Chemometric Group, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Sergio Fadini
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (LBGqA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Carbamazepine as a Possible Anthropogenic Marker in Water: Occurrences, Toxicological Effects, Regulations and Removal by Wastewater Treatment Technologies. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Counihan TD, Waite IR, Casper AF, Ward DL, Sauer JS, Irwin ER, Chapman CG, Ickes BS, Paukert CP, Kosovich JJ, Bayer JM. Can data from disparate long-term fish monitoring programs be used to increase our understanding of regional and continental trends in large river assemblages? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191472. [PMID: 29364953 PMCID: PMC5783367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding trends in the diverse resources provided by large rivers will help balance tradeoffs among stakeholders and inform strategies to mitigate the effects of landscape scale stressors such as climate change and invasive species. Absent a cohesive coordinated effort to assess trends in important large river resources, a logical starting point is to assess our ability to draw inferences from existing efforts. In this paper, we use a common analytical framework to analyze data from five disparate fish monitoring programs to better understand the nature of spatial and temporal trends in large river fish assemblages. We evaluated data from programs that monitor fishes in the Colorado, Columbia, Illinois, Mississippi, and Tallapoosa rivers using non-metric dimensional scaling ordinations and associated tests to evaluate trends in fish assemblage structure and native fish biodiversity. Our results indicate that fish assemblages exhibited significant spatial and temporal trends in all five of the rivers. We also document native species diversity trends that were variable within and between rivers and generally more evident in rivers with higher species richness and programs of longer duration. We discuss shared and basin-specific landscape level stressors. Having a basic understanding of the nature and extent of trends in fish assemblages is a necessary first step towards understanding factors affecting biodiversity and fisheries in large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Counihan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, Cook, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian R. Waite
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Casper
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Illinois River Biological Station, Havana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David L. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Sauer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elise R. Irwin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Colin G. Chapman
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ocean Salmon and Columbia River Program, Clackamas, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Ickes
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Craig P. Paukert
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John J. Kosovich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, & Libraries, Lakewood, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Bayer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northwest Region & Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Heffernan AL, Gómez-Ramos MM, Gaus C, Vijayasarathy S, Bell I, Hof C, Mueller JF, Gómez-Ramos MJ. Non-targeted, high resolution mass spectrometry strategy for simultaneous monitoring of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds in green sea turtles on the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1251-1262. [PMID: 28521388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contamination poses a threat to ecosystem, biota and human health, and identifying these hazards is a complex challenge. Traditional hazard identification relies on a priori-defined targets of limited chemical scope, and is generally inappropriate for exploratory studies such as explaining toxicological effects in environmental systems. Here we present a non-target high resolution mass spectrometry environmental monitoring study with multivariate statistical analysis to simultaneously detect biomarkers of exposure (e.g. xenobiotics) and biomarkers of effect in whole turtle blood. Borrowing the concept from clinical chemistry, a case-control sampling approach was used to investigate the potential influence of xenobiotics of anthropogenic origin on free-ranging green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from a remote, offshore 'control' site; and two coastal 'case' sites influenced by urban/industrial and agricultural activities, respectively, on the Great Barrier Reef in North Queensland, Australia. Multiple biomarkers of exposure, including sulfonic acids (n=9), a carbamate insecticide metabolite, and other industrial chemicals; and five biomarkers of effect (lipid peroxidation products), were detected in case sites. Additionally, two endogenous biomarkers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were identified, and showed moderate-to-strong correlations with clinical measures of inflammation and liver dysfunction. Our data filtering strategy overcomes limitations of traditional a priori selection of target compounds, and adds to the limited environmental xenobiotic metabolomics literature. To our knowledge this is the first case-control study of xenobiotics in marine megafauna, and demonstrates the utility of green sea turtles to link internal and external exposure, to explain potential toxicological effects in environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maria M Gómez-Ramos
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Almería, Spain
| | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Soumini Vijayasarathy
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Aquatic Species Program, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Townsville, Australia
| | - Christine Hof
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Species Conservation and Indigenous Partnerships Unit, World Wildlife Fund for Nature-Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria J Gómez-Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Almería, Spain
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Water Quality Sensing and Spatio-Temporal Monitoring Structure with Autocorrelation Kernel Methods. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102357. [PMID: 29035333 PMCID: PMC5677420 DOI: 10.3390/s17102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pollution on water resources is usually analyzed with monitoring campaigns, which consist of programmed sampling, measurement, and recording of the most representative water quality parameters. These campaign measurements yields a non-uniform spatio-temporal sampled data structure to characterize complex dynamics phenomena. In this work, we propose an enhanced statistical interpolation method to provide water quality managers with statistically interpolated representations of spatial-temporal dynamics. Specifically, our proposal makes efficient use of the a priori available information of the quality parameter measurements through Support Vector Regression (SVR) based on Mercer's kernels. The methods are benchmarked against previously proposed methods in three segments of the Machángara River and one segment of the San Pedro River in Ecuador, and their different dynamics are shown by statistically interpolated spatial-temporal maps. The best interpolation performance in terms of mean absolute error was the SVR with Mercer's kernel given by either the Mahalanobis spatial-temporal covariance matrix or by the bivariate estimated autocorrelation function. In particular, the autocorrelation kernel provides with significant improvement of the estimation quality, consistently for all the six water quality variables, which points out the relevance of including a priori knowledge of the problem.
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Kaserzon SL, Heffernan AL, Thompson K, Mueller JF, Gomez Ramos MJ. Rapid screening and identification of chemical hazards in surface and drinking water using high resolution mass spectrometry and a case-control filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:656-664. [PMID: 28528311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean, safe drinking water poses a serious challenge to regulators, and requires analytical strategies capable of rapid screening and identification of potentially hazardous chemicals, specifically in situations when threats to water quality or security require rapid investigations and potential response. This study describes a fast and efficient chemical hazard screening strategy for characterising trace levels of polar organic contaminants in water matrices, based on liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry with post-acquisition 'case-control' data processing. This method allowed for a rapid response time of less than 24 h for the screening of target, suspect and non-target unknown chemicals via direct injection analysis, and a second, more sensitive analysis option requiring sample pre-concentration. The method was validated by fortifying samples with a range of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (n = 46); with >90% of target compounds positively screened in samples at 1 ng mL-1, and 46% at 0.1 ng mL-1 when analysed via direct injection. To simulate a contamination event samples were fortified with compounds not present in the commercial library (designated 'non-target compounds'; fipronil and fenitrothion), tentatively identified at 0.2 and 1 ng mL-1, respectively; and a compound not included in any known commercial library or public database (designated 'unknown' compounds; 8Cl- perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), at 0.8 ng mL-1. The method was applied to two 'real-case' scenarios: (1) the assessment of drinking water safety during a high-profile event in Brisbane, Australia; and (2) to screen treated, re-circulated drinking water and pre-treated (raw) water. The validated workflow was effective for rapid prioritisation and screening of suspect and non-target potential hazards at trace levels, and could be applied to a wide range of matrices and investigations where comparison of organic contaminants between an affected and control site and or timeframe is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Amy L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Maria Jose Gomez Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia; Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Almería, Spain
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Munz NA, Burdon FJ, de Zwart D, Junghans M, Melo L, Reyes M, Schönenberger U, Singer HP, Spycher B, Hollender J, Stamm C. Pesticides drive risk of micropollutants in wastewater-impacted streams during low flow conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 110:366-377. [PMID: 27919541 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants enter surface waters through various pathways, of which wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a major source. The large diversity of micropollutants and their many modes of toxic action pose a challenge for assessing environmental risks. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of WWTPs on receiving ecosystems by describing concentration patterns of micropollutants, predicting acute risks for aquatic organisms and validating these results with macroinvertebrate biomonitoring data. Grab samples were taken upstream, downstream and at the effluent of 24 Swiss WWTPs during low flow conditions across independent catchments with different land uses. Using liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, a comprehensive target screening of almost 400 organic substances, focusing mainly on pesticides and pharmaceuticals, was conducted at two time points, and complemented with the analysis of a priority mixture of 57 substances over eight time points. Acute toxic pressure was predicted using the risk assessment approach of the multi-substance potentially affected fraction, first applying concentration addition for substances with the same toxic mode of action and subsequently response addition for the calculation of the risk of the total mixture. This toxic pressure was compared to macroinvertebrate sensitivity to pesticides (SPEAR index) upstream and downstream of the WWTPs. The concentrations were, as expected, especially for pharmaceuticals and other household chemicals higher downstream than upstream, with the detection frequency of plant protection products upstream correlating with the fraction of arable land in the catchments. While the concentration sums downstream were clearly dominated by pharmaceuticals or other household chemicals, the acute toxic pressure was mainly driven by pesticides, often caused by the episodic occurrence of these compounds even during low flow conditions. In general, five single substances explained much of the total risk, with diclofenac, diazinon and clothianidin as the main drivers. Despite the low predicted acute risk of 0%-2.1% for affected species, a significant positive correlation with macroinvertebrate sensitivity to pesticides was observed. However, more effect data for pharmaceuticals and a better quantification of episodic pesticide pollution events are needed for a more comprehensive risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Munz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francis J Burdon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Laura Melo
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marta Reyes
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs Schönenberger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz P Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Spycher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Lawler J. Incorporation of Graphene-Related Carbon Nanosheets in Membrane Fabrication for Water Treatment: A Review. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6040057. [PMID: 27999364 PMCID: PMC5192413 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The minimization of the trade-off between the flux and the selectivity of membranes is a key area that researchers are continually working to optimise, particularly in the area of fabrication of novel membranes. Flux versus selectivity issues apply in many industrial applications of membranes, for example the unwanted diffusion of methanol in fuel cells, retention of valuable proteins in downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals, rejection of organic matter and micro-organisms in water treatment, or salt permeation in desalination. The incorporation of nanosheets within membrane structures can potentially lead to enhancements in such properties as the antifouling ability, hydrophilicy and permeability of membranes, with concomitant improvements in the flux/selectivity balance. Graphene nanosheets and derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have been investigated for this purpose, for example inclusion of nanosheets within the active layer of Reverse Osmosis or Nanofiltration membranes or the blending of nanosheets as fillers within Ultrafiltration membranes. This review summarizes the incorporation of graphene derivatives into polymeric membranes for water treatment with a focus on a number of industrial applications, including desalination and pharmaceutical removal, where enhancement of productivity and reduction in fouling characteristics have been afforded by appropriate incorporation of graphene derived nanosheets during membrane fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lawler
- School of Biotechnology and DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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37
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Chiffre A, Degiorgi F, Buleté A, Spinner L, Badot PM. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluents and their impact in a karstic rural catchment of Eastern France. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25427-25441. [PMID: 27696074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems provokes increasing concern due to their potential risk to non-target organisms and to human health. Pharmaceuticals are used in both human and veterinary medicine and are essentially released into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and from livestock. In this study, 31 pharmaceuticals were analyzed in effluent and surface water upstream and downstream of two WWTPs in the Loue-Doubs rural karstic catchment in Eastern France. Diclofenac (965 and 2476 ng L-1), sulfamethoxazole (655 and 1380 ng L-1) and carbamazepine (566 and 1007 ng L-1) displayed the highest levels in the effluents of both WWTPs. Diclofenac levels were also high in surface water samples 300 and 166 ng L-1 in the River Doubs and the River Loue, respectively, followed by paracetamol (273 and 158 ng L-1) and sulfamethoxazole (126 and 73 ng L-1). In both rivers, the most critical compounds were found to be the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (risk quotient (RQ) from 23.7 to 51.1) and ofloxacine (RQ from 1.1 to 18.9), which reached levels inducing toxic effects in aquatic organisms. This study showed that WWTP effluents are the major sources of the pharmaceuticals, but raw discharges from human residences, pastures and livestock manure represent significant sources of contamination of surface water and groundwater. The aim of this study was to assist scientists and authorities in understanding occurrence and sources of pharmaceuticals in order to improve water quality management in chalk streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Chiffre
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - François Degiorgi
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- University of Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Loïc Spinner
- University of Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France.
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Gao Y, Ji Y, Li G, Mai B, An T. Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity increase during indirect photochemical transformation of polycyclic musk tonalide: A modeling study. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:47-55. [PMID: 27596702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic musks (PCMs) have recently caused a worldwide environmental concern due to their bioaccumulation potential and ecotoxicological effects. Herein, the OH-initiated indirect photochemical transformation mechanism, environmental fate and ecotoxicity of PCMs (by taking tonalide as an example) were theoretically studied. Results show that tonalide can be degraded readily through OH-addition and H-abstraction pathways, with total rate constants of 6.03 × 109-15.8 × 109 M-1 s-1. The OH-addition pathways were dominant at low temperature (<∼287 K), whereas H-abstraction was the dominant pathway at high temperature. Further, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) and aquatic toxicities to fish of all transformation products from H-abstraction pathways were smaller than tonalide. In contrast, these values of most intermediates from OH-addition pathways were up to 8 times higher than tonalide. Particularly, the resultant phenolic product PC1 had a BCF of 5590 L/kg wet-wt, which exceeds the cutoff criterion set for the typically persistent organic pollutants as critically bioaccumulative. Notably, PC1 would mainly be produced under anaerobic aquatic conditions at low temperatures. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the indirect photochemical products and parental PCMs, particularly the intermediates from OH-addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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39
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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Machángara River with Nonuniform Interpolation Methods. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Merel S, Snyder SA. Critical assessment of the ubiquitous occurrence and fate of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:98-117. [PMID: 27639850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET) is among the most frequently detected organic chemical contaminants in water across a wide range of geographies from around the world. These observations are raising critical questions and increasing concerns regarding potential environmental relevance, particularly when the emergence of severe neurological conditions attributed to the Zika virus has increased the use of insect repellents. After dermal application, DEET is washed from the skin when bathing and enters the municipal sewer system before discharge into the environment. Mainly measured by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS or LC-MS), more than 200 peer-reviewed publications have already reported concentrations of DEET ranging ng/L to mg/L in several water matrices from North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and more recently Africa and South America. While conventional wastewater treatment technology has limited capacity of removal, advanced technologies are capable of better attenuation and could lower the environmental discharge of organic contaminants, including DEET. For instance, adsorption on activated carbon, desalinating membrane processes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis), ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes can achieve 50% to essentially 100% DEET attenuation. Despite the abundant literature on the topic, the ubiquity of DEET in the environment still raises questions due to the apparent lack of obvious spatio-temporal trends in concentrations measured in surface water, which does not fit the expected usage pattern of insect repellents. Moreover, two recent studies showed discrepancies between the concentrations obtained by GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. While the occurrence of DEET in the environment is well established, the concentrations reported should be interpreted cautiously, considering the disparities in methodologies applied and occurrence patterns observed. Therefore, this manuscript provides a critical overview of the origin of DEET in the environment, the relevant analytical methods, the occurrence reported in peer-reviewed literature, and the attenuation efficacy of water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA; Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 12 Hölderlinstraße, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA.
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Fairbairn DJ, Karpuzcu ME, Arnold WA, Barber BL, Kaufenberg EF, Koskinen WC, Novak PJ, Rice PJ, Swackhamer DL. Sources and transport of contaminants of emerging concern: A two-year study of occurrence and spatiotemporal variation in a mixed land use watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:605-613. [PMID: 26897403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spatiotemporal variation of 26 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were evaluated in 68 water samples in 2011-2012 in the Zumbro River watershed, Minnesota, U.S.A. Samples were collected across a range of seasonal/hydrological conditions from four stream sites that varied in associated land use and presence of an upstream wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Selected CECs included human/veterinary pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, phytoestrogens, and commercial/industrial compounds. Detection frequencies and concentrations varied, with atrazine, metolachlor, acetaminophen, caffeine, DEET, and trimethoprim detected in more than 70% of samples, acetochlor, mecoprop, carbamazepine, and daidzein detected in 30%-50% of samples, and 4-nonylphenol, cotinine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, tylosin, and carbaryl detected in 10%-30% of samples. The remaining target CECs were not detected in water samples. Three land use-associated trends were observed for the detected CECs. Carbamazepine, 4-nonylphenol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tylosin, and carbaryl profiles were WWTP-dominated, as demonstrated by more consistent loading and significantly greater concentrations downstream of the WWTP and during low-flow seasons. In contrast, acetaminophen, trimethoprim, DEET, caffeine, cotinine, and mecoprop patterns demonstrated both seasonally-variable non-WWTP-associated and continual WWTP-associated influences. Surface water studies of CECs often target areas near WWTPs. This study suggests that several CECs often characterized as effluent-associated have additional important sources such as septic systems or land-applied biosolids. Finally, agricultural herbicide (atrazine, acetochlor, and metolachlor) profiles were strongly influenced by agricultural land use and seasonal application-runoff, evident by significantly greater concentrations and loadings at upstream sites and in early summer when application and precipitation rates are greatest. Our results indicate that CEC monitoring studies should consider a range of land uses, seasonality, and transport pathways in relation to concentrations and loadings. This knowledge can augment CEC monitoring programs to result in more accurate source, occurrence, and ecological risk characterizations, more precisely targeted mitigation initiatives, and ultimately, enhanced environmental decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fairbairn
- University of Minnesota, Water Resources Center, 1985 Buford Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, United States.
| | - M Ekrem Karpuzcu
- University of Minnesota, Water Resources Center, 1985 Buford Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - William A Arnold
- University of Minnesota, Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Brian L Barber
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, 1902 Dudley Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Kaufenberg
- University of Minnesota, Water Resources Center, 1985 Buford Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - William C Koskinen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Paige J Novak
- University of Minnesota, Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Pamela J Rice
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Deborah L Swackhamer
- University of Minnesota, Water Resources Center, 1985 Buford Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, United States
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Svan A, Hedeland M, Arvidsson T, Jasper JT, Sedlak DL, Pettersson CE. Identification of transformation products from β-blocking agents formed in wetland microcosms using LC-Q-ToF. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:207-218. [PMID: 26956388 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Identification of degradation products from trace organic compounds, which may retain the biological activity of the parent compound, is an important step in understanding the long-term effects of these compounds on the environment. Constructed wetlands have been successfully utilized to remove contaminants from wastewater effluent, including pharmacologically active compounds. However, relatively little is known about the transformation products formed during wetland treatment. In this study, three different wetland microcosm treatments were used to determine the biotransformation products of the β-adrenoreceptor antagonists atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol. LC/ESI-Q-ToF run in the MS(E) and MS/MS modes was used to identify and characterize the degradation products through the accurate masses of precursor and product ions. The results were compared with those of a reference standard when available. Several compounds not previously described as biotransformation products produced in wetlands were identified, including propranolol-O-sulfate, 1-naphthol and the human metabolite N-deaminated metoprolol. Transformation pathways were significantly affected by microcosm conditions and differed between compounds, despite the compounds' structural similarities. Altogether, a diverse range of transformation products in wetland microcosms were identified and elucidated using high resolving MS. This work shows that transformation products are not always easily predicted, nor formed via the same pathways even for structurally similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Svan
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Justin T Jasper
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Curt E Pettersson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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Magnetic solid phase extraction and static headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ccanccapa A, Masiá A, Andreu V, Picó Y. Spatio-temporal patterns of pesticide residues in the Turia and Júcar Rivers (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:200-10. [PMID: 26118860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted on the occurrence of 50 pesticides in water and sediments of Turia and Júcar Rivers (Valencian Community, Eastern Spain) for a period of two consecutive years each, 2010/2011 and 2012/2013, respectively to assess the contribution of agriculture and urban activities on pesticide pollution. The results showed that mean concentrations of pesticides ranged from <LOQ up to 200 ng/L. Chlorpyrifos was the most frequent pesticide whereas imazalil, thiabendazole, tolclofos methyl, ethion and carbofuran were those found at higher concentrations. Ubiquitous pesticides are those with long half-lives. The most polluted parts of the rivers were the headwaters and the mouth, which could be related to the agricultural practices and rainfall. Contrarily, in the abrupt part of the rivers of difficult access the contamination is low. Other quality parameters monitored in this study also corroborate the worst water quality in the alluvial plains that coincides with higher anthropic pressure. The temporal variations also indicated a strong relation of pesticide concentrations with hydrology, the higher the river flow, the higher number and frequency of pesticides but at lower concentrations. On the contrary, at lower river flows higher pesticide concentrations were detected. The risk assessment for aquatic biota pointed out that organophosphorus and fungicides are a threat to fish and daphnia and herbicides and fungicides are hazards for algae. Thus, the strict control of pesticide concentrations is important to preserve the aquatic ecosystems health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ccanccapa
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Masiá
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación-CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Landscape Chemistry and Environmental Forensics Group, Carretera de Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV) and Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Baduel C, Mueller JF, Tsai H, Gomez Ramos MJ. Development of sample extraction and clean-up strategies for target and non-target analysis of environmental contaminants in biological matrices. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gutowski L, Baginska E, Olsson O, Leder C, Kümmerer K. Assessing the environmental fate of S-metolachlor, its commercial product Mercantor Gold® and their photoproducts using a water-sediment test and in silico methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:847-855. [PMID: 26299980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides enter surface and groundwater by several routes in which partition to sediment contributes to their fate by abiotic (e.g. photolysis, hydrolysis) and biotic processes. Yet, little is known about S-metolachlor (SM) transformation in water-sediment systems. Therefore, a newly developed screening water-sediment test (WST) was applied to compare biodegradation and sorption processes between pure SM and Mercantor Gold® (MG), a commercial formulation of SM. Photolysis in water was performed by Xe lamp irradiation. Subsequently, the biodegradability of SM and MG photolysis mixtures was examined in WST. The primary elimination of SM from water phase was monitored and structures of its TPs resulting from biotransformation (bio-TPs) were elucidated by LC-MS/MS. SM was extracted from sediment in order to estimate the role of sorption in WST for its elimination. A set of in silico prediction software tools was applied for toxicity assessment of SM and its bio-TPs. Obtained results suggest that the MG adjuvants do not significantly affect biodegradation, but do influence diffusion of SM into sediment. 50% of SM could not be re-extracted from sediment with 0.01 M CaCl2 aqueous solution recommended in OECD test guideline for adsorption. Neither the parent compound nor the photo-TPs were biodegraded. However, new bio-TPs have been generated from SM and MG photo-TPs due to bacterial activity in the water-sediment interphase. Moreover, according to in silico assessment of the bio-TPs the biotransformation might lead to an increased toxicity to the water organisms compared with the SM. This might raise concerns of bio-TPs presence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Gutowski
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE - 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Ewelina Baginska
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE - 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE - 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leder
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE - 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, C13, DE - 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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Lu B, Feng Y, Gao P, Zhang Z, Lin N. Distribution and fate of synthetic musks in the Songhua River, Northeastern China: influence of environmental variables. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9090-9099. [PMID: 25874412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contamination levels and spatial and temporal distributions of six typical synthetic musks (SMs) in water and sediment of the Songhua River in Northeastern China were investigated. Experimental data for 72 water and 52 sediment samples collected at 29 sampling sites over 12 months spanning 2011-2012 showed that the Songhua River had been contaminated to different degrees at various sites separately from the river's source. The polycyclic musks 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB) (Galaxolide) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) (Tonalide) were found most frequently and at the highest levels. Concentrations of HHCB were <2-37 ng/L in water and <0.5-17.5 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediment. AHTN was <1-8 ng/L in water and <0.5-5.7 ng/g dw in sediment. Statistical relationships between SM concentrations and four environmental variables (temperature, illumination, runoff, and population density) in the Songhua River Basin were formulated. Concentration levels varied proportionately with the size of the city along the river, while the distribution patterns showed clear seasonal variations. HHCB/AHTN ratios mirrored the transfer and transmitting process of SMs. Concentrations of target compounds were correlated with each other, suggesting similar exposure sources. Environmental risk assessment of SMs presented seasonal variations and provided baseline information on SM exposure in the Songhua River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
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Gerbersdorf SU, Cimatoribus C, Class H, Engesser KH, Helbich S, Hollert H, Lange C, Kranert M, Metzger J, Nowak W, Seiler TB, Steger K, Steinmetz H, Wieprecht S. Anthropogenic Trace Compounds (ATCs) in aquatic habitats - research needs on sources, fate, detection and toxicity to ensure timely elimination strategies and risk management. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 79:85-105. [PMID: 25801101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic Trace Compounds (ATCs) that continuously grow in numbers and concentrations are an emerging issue for water quality in both natural and technical environments. The complex web of exposure pathways as well as the variety in the chemical structure and potency of ATCs represents immense challenges for future research and policy initiatives. This review summarizes current trends and identifies knowledge gaps in innovative, effective monitoring and management strategies while addressing the research questions concerning ATC occurrence, fate, detection and toxicity. We highlight the progressing sensitivity of chemical analytics and the challenges in harmonization of sampling protocols and methods, as well as the need for ATC indicator substances to enable cross-national valid monitoring routine. Secondly, the status quo in ecotoxicology is described to advocate for a better implementation of long-term tests, to address toxicity on community and environmental as well as on human-health levels, and to adapt various test levels and endpoints. Moreover, we discuss potential sources of ATCs and the current removal efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to indicate the most effective places and elimination strategies. Knowledge gaps in transport and/or detainment of ATCs through their passage in surface waters and groundwaters are further emphasized in relation to their physico-chemical properties, abiotic conditions and biological interactions in order to highlight fundamental research needs. Finally, we demonstrate the importance and remaining challenges of an appropriate ATC risk assessment since this will greatly assist in identifying the most urgent calls for action, in selecting the most promising measures, and in evaluating the success of implemented management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine U Gerbersdorf
- Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Carla Cimatoribus
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, Kanalstrasse 3, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Holger Class
- Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-H Engesser
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Helbich
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Claudia Lange
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kranert
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Metzger
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, Kanalstrasse 3, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Nowak
- Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Steger
- Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heidrun Steinmetz
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Silke Wieprecht
- Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Arlos MJ, Bragg LM, Parker WJ, Servos MR. Distribution of selected antiandrogens and pharmaceuticals in a highly impacted watershed. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:40-50. [PMID: 25472688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption and high occurrences of intersex have been observed in wild fish associated with municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in urbanized reaches of rivers around the globe. These reproductive effects have often been attributed to the presence of estrogen receptor agonists in effluents. However, recent studies have isolated a number of androgen receptor antagonists (antiandrogens) that may also contribute to the endocrine disruption observed at sites that are influenced by WWTP outfalls. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of antiandrogenic personal care products (triclosan, chlorophene, dichlorophene, oxybenzone, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol), along with a herbicide (atrazine) and representative pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, ibuprofen, naproxen, and venlafaxine) in the Grand River watershed in southern Ontario. Surface water sampling of 30 sites associated with six municipal WWTP outfalls was conducted during a summer low flow. Monthly samples were also collected immediately upstream and downstream of a major WWTP from August to November 2012. Atrazine was consistently found in all surface water sampling locations. Many of the target pharmaceuticals and triclosan were detected in WWTP effluents, especially those that did not nitrify. Under low flow conditions, the concentrations of triclosan and several pharmaceuticals increased directly downstream of the WWTPs then decreased rapidly with distance downstream. Chlorophene was either found at trace levels or below detection limits in the effluents while dichlorophene, oxybenzone, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol were not detected in any samples. Chlorophene was detected in surface water during the low flow summer period and once during the monthly sampling from August to November. However, the primary source of chlorophene did not appear to be associated with WWTP effluent. This study documents the spatial and temporal occurrence of several antiandrogens and pharmaceuticals in a highly impacted Canadian watershed. It supports previous observations that there is a diversity of contaminants in wastewater effluents and other sources that have the potential to alter endocrine function in wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Arlos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - L M Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - W J Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - M R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Santiago AN, Bonansea RI, Valdés ME. Organic Pollutants in the Suquía River Basin. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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