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Lv M, Chen J, Ma M, Huang P, Wu S. Diminished storage capacity of ponds caused by sedimentation weakens their nitrogen removal efficiency. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121987. [PMID: 38955036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Though their small size, ponds play a disproportionately crucial role in eliminating nitrogen (N) transporting to downstream freshwaters. As significant water infrastructures, ponds are non-sustainable due to loss of storage capacity resulting from sedimentation. However, the effects of pond sedimentation on N removal is widely neglected in landscape N processing. The NUFER (Nutrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use) model was employed to estimate N runoff from 1960 to 2018. We reconstructed the dynamic of number and storing capacity of about 14 million ponds due to construction and sedimentation from 1960 to 2018, projecting these trends into the year 2060. Our approach incorporated first-order kinetic reactions, including water residence time (HRT), to estimate N removal of ponds, utilizing data 6 monitoring ponds and 81 ponds from literature studies. Our analysis reveals a fourteen-fold increase in N runoff over the past six decades, rising from 0.8 Mt N in 1960 to 11.4 Mt N in 2018. Due to the initial rapid expansion of ponds, N removal by ponds increased from 6.4 % in 1960 to 13.6 % in 1990. Sedimentation is prevalent in ponds, particularly in small ponds with a sedimentation accumulation rate of 2.96 cm yr-1. Pond sedimentation, which reduces HRT, resulted in a decrease in pond N removal percentage to 11.2 % in 2018 and a projected 7.4 % by the year 2060, assuming similar sediment accumulation rates persist in the future. Overall, our findings underscore the non-negligible role of ponds as landscape nodes in N cycling. Urgent mitigation measures are needed to extend the lifetime of existing ponds and sustain their critical role in water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China.
| | - Jilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
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2
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Chen X, Strokal M, van Vliet MTH, Liu L, Bai Z, Ma L, Kroeze C. Keeping Nitrogen Use in China within the Planetary Boundary Using a Spatially Explicit Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9689-9700. [PMID: 38780255 PMCID: PMC11155250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) supports food production, but its excess causes water pollution. We lack an understanding of the boundary of N for water quality while considering complex relationships between N inputs and in-stream N concentrations. Our knowledge is limited to regional reduction targets to secure food production. Here, we aim to derive a spatially explicit boundary of N inputs to rivers for surface water quality using a bottom-up approach and to explore ways to meet the derived N boundary while considering the associated impacts on both surface water quality and food production in China. We modified a multiscale nutrient modeling system simulating around 6.5 Tg of N inputs to rivers that are allowed for whole of China in 2012. Maximum allowed N inputs to rivers are higher for intensive food production regions and lower for highly urbanized regions. When fertilizer and manure use is reduced, 45-76% of the streams could meet the N water quality threshold under different scenarios. A comparison of "water quality first" and "food production first" scenarios indicates that trade-offs between water quality and food production exist in 2-8% of the streams, which may put 7-28% of crop production at stake. Our insights could support region-specific policies for improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of
Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institue
of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle T. H. van Vliet
- Department
of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of
Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of
Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of
Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of
the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Environmental
Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University
& Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Pan Y, She D, Ding J, Abulaiti A, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang F, Shan J, Xia Y. Coping with groundwater pollution in high-nitrate leaching areas: The efficacy of denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118484. [PMID: 38373544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area, characterized by an arid climate and high leaching of NO3--N, exhibits complex and unique groundwater nitrate (NO3--N) pollution, with denitrification serving as the principal mechanism for NO3--N removal. The characteristics of N leaching from paddy fields and NO3--N removal by groundwater denitrification were investigated through a two-year field observation. The leaching losses of total nitrogen (TN) and NO3--N accounted for 10.81-27.34% and 7.59-12.74%, respectively, of the N input. The linear relationship between NO3--N leaching and N input indicated that the fertilizer-induced emission factor (EF) of NO3--N leaching in direct dry seeding and seedling-raising and transplanting paddy fields was 8.2% (2021, R2 = 0.992) and 6.7% (2022, R2 = 0.994), respectively. The study highlighted that the quadratic relationship between the NO3--N leaching loss and N input (R2 = 0.999) significantly outperformed the linear relationship. Groundwater denitrification capacity was characterized by monitoring the concentrations of dinitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The results revealed substantial seasonal fluctuations in excess N2 and N2O concentrations in groundwater, particularly following fertilization and irrigation events. The removal efficiency of NO3--N via groundwater denitrification ranged from 42.70% to 74.38%, varying with depth. Groundwater denitrification capacity appeared to be linked to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, redox conditions, fertilization, irrigation, and soil texture. The anthropogenic-alluvial soil with limited water retention accelerated the leaching of NO3--N into groundwater during irrigation. This process enhances the groundwater recharge capacity and alters the redox conditions of groundwater, consequently impacting groundwater denitrification activity. The DOC concentration emerged as the primary constraint on the groundwater denitrification capacity in this region. Hence, increasing carbon source concentration and enhancing soil water retention capacity are vital for improving the groundwater denitrification capacity and NO3--N removal efficiency. This study provides practical insights for managing groundwater NO3--N pollution in agricultural areas, optimizing fertilization strategies and improving groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Pan
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil‒Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Dongli She
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213200, China.
| | - Jihui Ding
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Alimu Abulaiti
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil‒Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Junhan Zhao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil‒Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agro-forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ruliang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agro-forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agro-forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Jun Shan
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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4
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Zhou J, Mogollón JM, van Bodegom PM. Assessing nutrient fate from terrestrial to freshwater systems using a semi-distributed model for the Fuxian Lake Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171068. [PMID: 38373457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The growing and increasingly intensified agricultural sector exerts major pressures on the environment. Specifically, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff can induce eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. To formulate environmental strategies for controlling eutrophication, decision-makers commonly consider the importance of pollutant contributors before developing sector-specific environmental policies. These types of science-based decisions benefit from nutrient models that quantify nutrient transport and fate. However, due to a lack of fertilizer application data, distributed models are generally not suitable for most rural regions with extensive agriculture, while lumped models cannot properly characterize the spatial variation of nutrient fate in these regions. To assess the nutrient contributions from different emission sources to freshwater, we developed a localized semi-distributed model to simulate total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in 52 inflow rivers of Fuxian Lake Basin in China. The results show that diffuse sources contributed 82 % TN and 92 % TP loading to the inflow rivers. The highest eutrophication potentials (i.e., loading per area) is from the built environment, which is more than 10 times that of forests, but the contribution of the built environment to total diffuse loading is only the second-highest as it occupies 8.7 % of the surface area. Farmland is the main contributor, generating 49 % of diffuse TN and 57 % TP, respectively. Our results show that promoting a 10 % increase in nutrient use efficiency would reduce 5 % of N and 30 % of P diffuse loadings to the rivers. Through examining the impact of nutrient use efficiency, we emphasize the potential trade-offs between food productivity and environmental effects. This analysis workflow can be applied to other agricultural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - José M Mogollón
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Kim DW, Chung EG, Na EH, Kim Y. A novel approach to identify priority areas for optimal nutrient management in mixed land-use watersheds through nutrient budget assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120645. [PMID: 38579463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Excessive nutrient supply in agricultural regions has led to various environmental issues, thereby requiring concentrated management owing to its persistent upward trend. Nutrient budgets (NBs), a vital agricultural environmental indicator, are employed for nutrient management in agricultural areas, using data surveyed by administrative agencies. However, the spatial extent of nutrient data for nutrient budgeting is limited by administrative boundaries according to the surveying organization, posing challenges in interpreting spatial patterns at the watershed level. In this study, a novel approach was developed to identify priority nutrient management areas by applying hot spot spatial analysis to watershed-level NBs, considering hydrological characteristics. This method was applied to approximately 850 subwatersheds across the Republic of Korea, where land cover characteristics are complex. Reassessing nutrient budgets at the watershed scale, accounting for overlapping administrative boundary areas and crop cultivation ratios, indicated similar levels between the two methods. Hot spot analysis revealed that watersheds with elevated NBs mirrored the spatial patterns of livestock excreta and cropland. The spatial distribution characteristics of watersheds with high nutrient levels in rivers corresponded with the concentration characteristics of industrial and commercial areas. Therefore, applying watershed-level NBs based on land cover ratios that consider nutrient input characteristics in agricultural regions is deemed appropriate for selecting priority nutrient management areas. Collectively, this study presents a method for selecting nutrient management priority areas by simultaneously considering the spatial characteristics of various environmental factors, such as land cover, livestock excreta, river water quality, and land area-based watershed-specific NBs. The proposed approach, considering mixed land cover characteristics, is anticipated to be valuable for selecting priority management areas in watersheds with diverse pollution sources. Future research is needed to explore nutrient budgets within watersheds, the influence of land use on pollution sources, and their correlation with water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Woo Kim
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eu Gene Chung
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Na
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Liu Y, Zeng H. Spatial-temporal differentiation and control strategies of nitrogen environmental loss in China's coastal regions based on flow analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119667. [PMID: 38042075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution emissions from human production and living activities in coastal regions are important topics in the management of environmental pollution in coastal waters. However, to date, there has been relatively little research systematically assessing the environmental loss of nitrogen (NEL) from human activities that negatively affect marine ecosystems. This study categorised emission sources into five subsystems, namely livestock, farming, aquatic, industrial, and residential. Through flow analysis, the anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen in the gas, liquid, and solid phases from 11 coastal provinces in China in 2011, 2015, and 2020 were determined. A nitrogen cost index was constructed by combining the social indicators of each province. The effectiveness of nitrogen emission control since the land-sea coordination and the future challenges for the coastal region were discussed from various perspectives. The results of the study showed that the total NEL that poses a potential threat to marine ecosystems in coastal areas of China has decreased from 18.93 TgN to 14.66 TgN since the proposal of land-sea coordination, with livestock systems and aquatic systems emitting the most. The Bohai and Yellow Seas area were most threatened by nitrogen pollution. Among the three oceanic pathways, liquid-phase nitrogen discharge from each subsystem was effectively controlled, and the control of gas-phase nitrogen emissions is still the most numerous NEL state, although it has had a significant effect. The results of the correlation analysis suggest that NEL flow can characterize the regional management of nutrient-based organic pollutants. Past management tools and environmental investments in China have been more effective in controlling emissions from point and line sources involving artificial facilities, but less direct effect on mariculture. How to control surface source pollution from livestock and aquaculture will be an important challenge to reduce reactive nitrogen emissions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Zhao Y, Hu Z, Lu Y, Shan S, Zhuang H, Gong C, Cui X, Zhang F, Li P. Facilitating mitigation of agricultural non-point source pollution and improving soil nutrient conditions: The role of low temperature co-pyrolysis biochar in nitrogen and phosphorus distribution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130179. [PMID: 38092075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study generated co-pyrolysis biochar by pyrolyzing rice straw and pig manure at 300 °C and subsequently applying it in a field. Co-pyrolysis biochar demonstrated superior efficiency in mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution compared to biochar derived from individual sources. Furthermore, it displayed notable capabilities in retaining and releasing nutrients, resulting in increased soil levels of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter during the maturation stage of rice. Moreover, co-pyrolysis biochar influences soil microbial communities, potentially impacting nutrient cycling. During the rice maturation stage, the soil treated with co-pyrolysis biochar exhibited significant increases in available nutrients and rice yield compared to the control (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the potential of co-pyrolysis biochar for in-situ nutrient retention and enhanced soil nutrient utilization. To summarize, the co-pyrolysis of agricultural waste materials presents a promising approach to waste management, contributing to controlling non-point source pollution, improving soil fertility, and promoting crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haifeng Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Chenpan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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8
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Micella I, Kroeze C, Bak MP, Strokal M. Causes of coastal waters pollution with nutrients, chemicals and plastics worldwide. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115902. [PMID: 38101060 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, coastal waters contain pollutants such as nutrients, plastics, and chemicals. Rivers export those pollutants, but their sources are not well studied. Our study aims to quantify river exports of nutrients, chemicals, and plastics to coastal waters by source and sub-basin worldwide. We developed a new MARINA-Multi model for 10,226 sub-basins. The global modelled river export to seas is approximately 40,000 kton of nitrogen, 1,800 kton of phosphorous, 45 kton of microplastics, 490 kton of macroplastics, 400 ton of triclosan and 220 ton of diclofenac. Around three-quarters of these pollutants are transported to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Diffuse sources contribute by 95-100 % to nitrogen (agriculture) and macroplastics (mismanaged waste) in seas. Point sources (sewage) contribute by 40-95 % to phosphorus and microplastics in seas. Almost 45 % of global sub-basin areas are multi-pollutant hotspots hosting 89 % of the global population. Our findings could support strategies for reducing multiple pollutants in seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Micella
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam P Bak
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Kaltenegger K, Bai Z, Dragosits U, Fan X, Greinert A, Guéret S, Suchowska-Kisielewicz M, Winiwarter W, Zhang L, Zhou F. Urban nitrogen budgets: Evaluating and comparing the path of nitrogen through cities for improved management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166827. [PMID: 37683870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) released to the environment is a cause of multiple environmental threats. While Nr flows are often only analyzed in an agricultural context, consumption and emission takes place in the urban environment, and opportunities for Nr recycling and effective policy implementation for mitigation often appear in cities. Since little information is available on the bigger picture of Nr flows through the urban environment, these opportunities often remain unexploited. Here we developed a framework to model Nr pathways through urban and surrounding areas, which we applied to four test areas (Beijing and Shijiazhuang (China), Vienna (Austria), and Zielona Góra (Poland)). Using indicators such as recycling rates and Nr surplus, we estimated environmental risks and recycling potentials based on Nr flows and their entry and exit points. Our findings show marked differences between the core and surrounding areas of each city, with the former being a site of Nr consumption with largest flows associated with households, and the latter a site of (agricultural) production with largest flows associated with industry (fertilizers) and urban plants. As a result, Nr transgresses the core areas in a rather linear manner with only 0-5 % being re-used, with inputs from Nr contained in food and fuels and outputs most commonly as non-reactive N2 emissions to the atmosphere from wastewater treatment and combustion processes. While the peri-urban areas show a higher Nr recycling rate (6-14 %), Nr accumulation and emissions from cultivated land pose significant environmental challenges, indicating the need for mitigation measures. We found potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency through improved Nr management on cultivated areas and to increase Nr recycling using urine and sewage sludge as synthetic fertilizer substitutes. Hence our framework for urban nitrogen budgets not only allows for consistent budgeting but helps identify common patterns, potentially harmful flows and Nr recycling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kaltenegger
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ulrike Dragosits
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Xiangwen Fan
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Andrzej Greinert
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Samuel Guéret
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wei Z, Yu Y, Yi Y. Analysis of future nitrogen and phosphorus loading in watershed and the risk of lake blooms under the influence of complex factors: Implications for management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118662. [PMID: 37480666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
For the management of eutrophic lakes, watershed nitrogen and phosphorus control is oriented to future water quality. Assessing future nutrient dynamics and the risk of lake eutrophication is necessary. However, current assessments often lack integrated consideration of socioeconomic and climatic factors, which reduces the reference value of the results. In this study, a typical large shallow lake Chaohu, which is highly influenced by human activities, was selected as the study area, and the current and future total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loading in the basin were analysed using the improved MARINA model, and the risk of water bloom were assessed. The results showed that socioeconomic factors alone varied future TN and TP loading by -24% to 32% and -40% to 34%, respectively, under different development patterns. After considering the effect of increased precipitation, the changes of TN and TP loading became -10% to 163% and -29% to 108%, respectively. The effect on loading reduction under the sustainable development pattern was weakened (58% and 28% for TN and TP loading, respectively) and the increase in loading under the brutal development pattern was significantly amplified (409% and 215% for TN and TP loading, respectively). The adoption of active environmental policies remained an effective way of loading control. However, the risk of water bloom in local lake areas might persist due to factors such as urbanization. Timely and comprehensive assessments can provide managers with more information to identify key factors that contribute to the risk of water blooms and to develop diverse water quality improvement measures. The insights from our study are applicable to other watersheds around the world with similar socio-economic background and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yujun Yi
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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11
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu H, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Tran LSP, Li W. Resilience assessment of the nitrogen flow system in food production and consumption for sustainable development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165223. [PMID: 37392886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
A robust and resilient nitrogen (N) flow system can effectively ensure consistent food production and consumption activities while preserving environmental quality. In this study, we constructed an indicator system to evaluate N flow system resilience including food production and consumption, at the county scale on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) from 1998 to 2018. The subsystem coupling coordination degree (CCD) and the effect of N losses on N flow system resilience were subsequently explored. The results indicated that despite the overall N flow system resilience remaining low and exhibiting spatiotemporal disparities from 1998 to 2018, over 90 % of the counties experienced improvements. High resilience areas (>0.15) were mainly concentrated in some counties in Sichuan Province, where N losses were positively correlated with system resilience. The level of resilience depended on agricultural and livestock development, and the CCD of subsystems was also high (>0.5) in this region, with the most balanced environmental and socioeconomic development. The low system resilience areas were concentrated in the eastern part of the QTP, where human activities caused substantial disturbances. The fragmentation of the agro-pastoral system coupled with the low system resilience of the food production and driving pressure subsystems led to low CCD between subsystems. In contrast, the western regions, characterized by a stable food production system, high food self-sufficiency, and weak dependence on external systems, showed a higher degree of system resilience and resistance. Our findings provide a reference for N resource management and policy formulation for food production and consumption in the agricultural and pastoral areas of the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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12
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Chen X, Hou Y, Kastner T, Liu L, Zhang Y, Yin T, Li M, Malik A, Li M, Thorp KR, Han S, Liu Y, Muhammad T, Liu J, Li Y. Physical and virtual nutrient flows in global telecoupled agricultural trade networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2391. [PMID: 37100817 PMCID: PMC10130181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Global agricultural trade creates multiple telecoupled flows of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The flows of physical and virtual nutrients along with trade have discrepant effects on natural resources in different countries. However, existing literature has not quantified or analyzed such effects yet. Here we quantified the physical and virtual N and P flows embedded in the global agricultural trade networks from 1997 to 2016 and elaborated components of the telecoupling framework. The N and P flows both increased continuously and more than 25% of global consumption of nutrients in agricultural products were related to physical nutrient flows, while virtual nutrient flows were equivalent to one-third of the nutrients inputs into global agricultural system. These flows have positive telecoupling effects on saving N and P resources at the global scale. Reducing inefficient trade flows will enhance resource conservation, environmental sustainability in the hyper-globalized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, 100083, Beijing, China
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
- China International Engineer Consulting Cooperation Overseas Consulting Co., Ltd., 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Kastner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | - Liu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, 100083, Beijing, China
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Tuo Yin
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arunima Malik
- ISA, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Accounting, The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mengyu Li
- Discipline of Accounting, The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly R Thorp
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 21881 N Cardon Ln., Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Siqi Han
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| | - Yunkai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, 100083, Beijing, China.
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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13
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Liu H, Dong Y, Sun J. Food Nitrogen Footprint Increased by 35% on the Third Pole During 1998-2018. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000737. [PMID: 36852182 PMCID: PMC9958206 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The N footprint is considered as an indicator of potential environmental damage from N. Quantitative analysis of N footprint distribution, sources and drivers can help mitigate its negative impacts and promote sustainable N management. In this study, we constructed a city-scale food N footprint (FNF) framework for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) using a N mass balance approach. We quantitatively analyzed the FNF during food production and consumption on the QTP from 1998 to 2018. We used the logarithmic mean Divisa index decomposition method to analyze the driving forces of the FNF, and the decoupling of the FNF. The results showed that the per capita FNF of the QTP increased from 24.92 kg N cap-1 in 1998 to 27.70 kg N cap-1 in 2018, and the total FNF increased by 35.11% from 1998 to 2018. The spatial distribution of the FNF was uneven, with N losses from crop production and animal production being the leading contributing source to the FNF (86%). Economic development and urbanization were the main driving forces behind the FNF increase, while N consumption intensity inhibited the growth of the FNF. With the rapid growth of GDP, the FNF in the eastern part of the QTP grew relatively slowly, indicating a gradual decoupling of the FNF from economic development. To reconcile the relationship between socioeconomic drivers and the FNF, it is necessary to focus on coupling relationships between subsystems within the food production and consumption system to promote N recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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14
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Sun J, Tran LSP, Li W. Aggravation of nitrogen losses driven by agriculture and livestock farming development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116795. [PMID: 36442330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses from crop-livestock production is a major threat to the environment and human health at regional, national and global scales. A comprehensive understanding of the sources, spatiotemporal distribution and drivers of N losses is of great significance for mitigating its negative impacts and promoting N sustainable management. Here, we used the county-scale N flow model to quantitatively analyze the N losses and their driving forces of crop-livestock production on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Between 2000 and 2018, the total N losses increased for more than 79% of counties on the QTP. The hotspot areas accounted for over 80% of total N losses, expanding from the east and south to the north and west of the QTP. NH3 was the main source of atmospheric N losses (over 80%) while the direct discharge of manure was the main source of water N losses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that chemical fertilizer caused the largest driving effect on atmospheric N losses, and the total output value of agriculture and forestry was the main driver of water N losses. Uneven distribution of crop production and livestock contributed to the aggravation of N losses. Over 70% of counties had grater manure N excretion than crops could take up, and large proportion of manure could not be returned to the field. More than 90% of the counties used grater amount of chemical fertilizer N than crops could take up, indicating that livestock manure has not yet fully replaced chemical fertilizer N. The results provide effective guidance and support for N utilization and management of livestock in agricultural and pastoral areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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15
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Chen X, Wang M, Kroeze C, Chen X, Ma L, Chen X, Shi X, Strokal M. Nitrogen in the Yangtze River Basin: Pollution Reduction through Coupling Crop and Livestock Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17591-17603. [PMID: 36445871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Livestock production poses a threat to water quality worldwide. A better understanding of the contribution of individual livestock species to nitrogen (N) pollution in rivers is essential to improve water quality. This paper aims to quantify inputs of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to the Yangtze River from different livestock species at multiple scales and explore ways for reducing these inputs through coupling crop and livestock production. We extended the previously developed model MARINA (Model to Assess River Input of Nutrient to seAs) with the NUFER (Nutrient flows in Food chains, Environment, and Resource use) approach for livestock. Results show that DIN inputs to the Yangtze River vary across basins, sub-basins, and 0.5° grids, as well as across livestock species. In 2012, livestock production resulted in 2000 Gg of DIN inputs to the Yangtze River. Pig production was responsible for 55-85% of manure-related DIN inputs. Rivers in the downstream sub-basin received higher manure-related DIN inputs than rivers in the other sub-basins. Around 20% of the Yangtze basin is considered as a manure-related hotspot of river pollution. Recycling manure on cropland can avoid direct discharges of manure from pig production and thus reduce river pollution. The potential for recycling manure is larger in cereal production than in other crop species. Our results can help to identify effective solutions for coupling crop and livestock production in the Yangtze basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing100193, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Chen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang050021, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing400715, China
- Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Purple Soil Quality and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PBWageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Liang X, He Y, Zhu L, Fan S, Zou Y, Ye C. Nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to water in agricultural crop-animal systems and driving forces in Hainan Island, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85036-85049. [PMID: 35790633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NUFER (Nutrient Flow in food chains, Environment and Resources) model has been used to reliably quantify nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emissions from agriculture land to water bodies. However, factors impacting agricultural N and P emissions at the island scale have rarely been studied due to the lack of high-resolution spatialization tools, which are critical for exploring mitigation options. Here, a high-resolution NUFER model was constructed based on geology, meteorology, land-use data, statistical data, and field investigation. The spatial characteristics of N and P emissions in Hainan Island, China, were quantified, and the driving forces were analyzed. We also explored effective measures to reduce emissions by 2035 using scenario analysis. Overall, 98 Gg N from agriculture entered water bodies in 2018, of which crop system contributed 70%; 15 Gg P entered water bodies, of which, animal system contributed 78%. Nitrate (NO3-) leaching (65%) and direct discharge of animal manure (69%) accounted for most of the N and P emissions, respectively. Plains contributed 89% of N and 92% of P emissions. Spatial overlay analysis showed that high N and P emissions were mainly concentrated in the western and northeastern plain areas. At the sub-basin scale, the Nandu River basin had the largest agricultural N and P emissions, accounting for more than 20% of all emissions. Scenario analysis showed that N and P emissions were significantly correlated with natural (e.g., elevation, slope, and soil texture) and anthropogenic (e.g., rural income, population density, planting structure, and livestock density) factors. We further analyzed the emissions of N and P can be reduced by 71 Gg and 14 Gg by 2035, respectively, via reducing food chain waste and consumption, importing more food, and improving production efficiency, but especially prohibiting the direct discharge of livestock manure. This high-resolution quantification of agricultural N and P emissions to the water bodies provides an exploration of the most effective options for reducing agricultural non-point source (ANPS) pollution at the island scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanhu He
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- School of Tourism, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Changqing Ye
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, China.
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17
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Wu H, MacDonald GK, Galloway JN, Geng Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Jiang S. A new dietary guideline balancing sustainability and nutrition for China's rural and urban residents. iScience 2022; 25:105048. [PMID: 36185362 PMCID: PMC9519510 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets have important but often complex implications for both environmental quality and nutrition. We establish a production-oriented life cycle model to quantify and compare the farm-to-gate environmental impacts and food nutritional qualities underlying rural and urban diets in China from 1980 to 2019, a period of rapid urbanization and socioeconomic changes. The environmental impacts of rural diets were generally higher than those of urban diets, but this gap reduced after 2000. Environmental and nutritional values varied considerably across the 31 Chinese provinces due to their different food intakes and dietary structures. Dietary changes coinciding with urbanization increased greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication potential, and nutritional quality, but decreased energy consumption and acidification potential. Based on our results, we propose a new dietary guideline to mitigate environmental impacts and improve nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | | | - James N. Galloway
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yong Geng
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Songyan Jiang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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18
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Wang Z, Liu L, Tang Y, Li A, Liu C, Xie C, Xiao L, Lu S. Phytoplankton community and HAB species in the South China Sea detected by morphological and metabarcoding approaches. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102297. [PMID: 36195422 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The southern Chinese coast is one of the most developed regions in China and is an area where harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred frequently. In this study, differences in the phytoplankton community between microscopic observations and 18S rDNA metabarcoding were compared in 89 surface water samples collected from the southern Chinese coast and the western South China Sea (SCS). This is the first report investigating the phytoplankton community and HAB species using a combination of morphological and metabarcoding approaches in this sea area. There were substantial differences in phytoplankton community structure detected by the two methods. Microscopic observation revealed diatom predominance in the phytoplankton community, while metabarcoding indicated dinoflagellate dominance. The phytoplankton community structure obtained by microscopic observation better reflects the real situation in the water column. Metabarcoding annotated more species than morphospecies observed by microscopy. Haptophyta and Cryptophyta were the specific phyla detected in metabarcoding but were missed in microscopy due to their small size. Conversely, some taxa were found in microscopic analysis alone, such as species in Dinophysis, Prorocentrum, and Scrippsiella, suggesting some biases during metabarcoding and gaps in sequence databases. Metabarcoding is superior for detecting morphologically cryptic, small-sized and HAB taxa, such as unarmored dinoflagellates, nanosized hatophytes and chlorophytes, as well as multiple species in Alexandrium, Pseudonitzschia, and Chaetoceros in our study. A total of 62 HAB taxa were identified in this study, including blooming and potentially toxic species. Diatom abundances generally decreased southward, while those of dinoflagellates and haptophytes showed the opposite trend. Chlorophytes were mainly distributed in coastal waters, especially in the Pearl River Estuary. Phytoplankton community structures were shaped by nutrients and salinity, and phosphorus was the most limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. The phytoplankton community in the western SCS showed unique characteristics away from those in the coastal sea areas. The results suggest that the combination of morphological and metabarcoding approaches comprehensively reveals the phytoplankton community structure and diversity of HAB species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yali Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Changliang Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Songhui Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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19
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Tran LSP, Sun J, Zhao W. Scenarios and sustainability of the economy-nitrogen-resource-environment system using a system dynamic model on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115623. [PMID: 35777154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in the development of crop production and animal husbandry in agricultural and pastoral areas. However, the irrational utilization of N resources and subsequent environmental issues with rapid economic development has attracted wide public attention. Coordinating the economy-N-resource-environment (ENRE) system is of great importance for regional sustainable development. In this study, the dynamics of the ENRE system of a typical agricultural and pastoral area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) were simulated using the VENSIM software from 1998 to 2018. Four typical scenarios (current development scenario, economic development scenario, environment protection scenario and resource optimization scenario) are established to assess the sustainability level and the coupling coordination degrees (CCDs) of the three subsystems, i.e., the economy, N-resource and environment subsystems from 2019 to 2030. Our study indicates that the N flow-based system dynamics (SD) model connects the different subsystems of the ENRE system together well and allows different scenario simulations. From 2019 to 2030, the ENRE system is at a weak sustainability level during the simulation period, and the three subsystems are at slightly unbalanced stages of development in terms of CCD level. The sustainability and CCD levels of the four examined scenarios are as follows: resource optimization scenario > economic development scenario > environment protection scenario >current development scenario, with average values of 0.45, 0.37; 0.42, 0.36; 0.41, 0.35; and 0.39, 0.34, respectively. Under the resource optimization scenario, reducing N inputs to food production and consumption and reducing the planting area of cash crops can effectively improve the N use efficiency of the food chain in the N-resource subsystem (15.34% from 2019 to 2030 on average). Our results provide a reference for promoting sustainable development and formulating policies in agricultural and pastoral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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20
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Chen D, Wang C, Liu Y. Investigation of the nitrogen flows of the food supply chain in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China during 1978-2017. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115038. [PMID: 35460985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is an indispensable material for food production. However, it may cause serious environmental problems. The enhancement of nitrogen management in the food supply chain is an effective way to reduce Nr loss and increase Nr use efficiency. While Nr flows in association with the food chain have synergy in a mega-region, in-depth investigations at a cross-regional scale have remained relatively undocumented. This study developed a food-related Nr flow model based on a material flow analysis for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) during the years 1978-2017. A multi-regional input-output method was applied to investigate the Nr emissions embodied in the transboundary food supply. The results showed that the total Nr emissions from the food system during the years 1978-2017 in the BTH region increased until 2004 and subsequently decreased gradually. In 2017, Beijing exhibited the lowest Nr emissions per capita (2.3 kg N/cap) and per land use (3089 kg N/km2), while Hebei and Tianjin demonstrated the greatest Nr emissions intensity by capita (13.6 kg N/cap) and by land use (6392 kg N/km2), respectively. While farming and livestock husbandry dominated the regional Nr emissions (i.e., responsible for 90% of the total in 2017), food consumption and waste management have had an increasingly substantial role, as their shared percentage in the total increased by 22% over the study period. Nr emissions resulting from the inner-transboundary food supply chain decreased by 81% between 2012 and 2015 but dramatically increased by 231% between 2015 and 2017. This rebound effect partially resulted from the implementation of coordinated development planning for the BTH region in 2015. This study can facilitate the efficient regulation of regional nitrogen flows and the desired transition of food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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21
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Guo C, Bai Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen X, Lakshmanan P, Ma L, Lu J, Liu B, Shi X, Chen X. Spatio‐temporal assessment of greenhouse gas emission from rapeseed production in China by coupling nutrient flows model with
LCA
approach. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
- Sugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanning China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Lin Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
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22
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Niu Z, Ng SJ, Li B, Han J, Wu X, Huang Y. Food waste and its embedded resources loss: A provincial level analysis of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153665. [PMID: 35131249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste is of great concern because it causes severe environmental pollution during disposal and contains many resources that should be well managed. Food waste quantification could clarify the resource value of wasted food and thus help to improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce water eutrophication potential, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By considering household food waste, out-of-home food waste, and food delivery waste in rural and urban regions, this paper quantifies the nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and carbon footprint embedded in China's food waste at the provincial level. The results indicate that food waste in China was 56.75 Mt. in 2018. Those wasted food cause 0.54 Mt. loss of phosphorus (5.12% of the phosphorus fertilizer consumption), 3.58 Mt. loss of nitrogen (10.43% of the nitrogen fertilizer consumption), and 120.25 billion tons loss of water (3.06 times of the storage capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir). If ignoring the greenhouse gas emissions caused by land-use change, the carbon footprint caused by wasted food is 168.07 Mt. CO2eq, accounting for 1.44% of China's total GHG emission. Principal component analysis indicates that the per capita disposable income, urbanization rate, and personal consumption expenditure are critical factors for food waste volume variation in different provinces. Considering China's significant role in the global resource cycling, improving nutrient/resource utilization efficiency along the food supply chain, minimizing food waste volume, and developing economic-effective processes for food waste reuse and recycling are recommended to close the imbalanced resource cycle during the current food waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetong Niu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sin Jin Ng
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jingcheng Han
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
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23
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Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Zeolite-Biochar Composite: Adsorption Performance and Regulation Mechanism. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, rampant eutrophication induced by phosphorus enrichment in water has been attracting attention worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which phosphate can be eliminated from the aqueous environment remain unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the adsorption performance and regulation mechanisms of the zeolite-biochar composite for removing phosphate from an aqueous environment. To do this, physicochemical properties of the zeolite-biochar composite were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (SSA) analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the adsorption ability of the composite material for mitigating excess phosphorus in the aqueous environment. The findings evinced that the phosphorus removed by PZC 7:3 (pyrolyzed zeolite and corn straw at a mass ratio of 7:3) can reach 90% of that removed by biochar. The maximum adsorption capacities of zeolite, biochar, and PZC 7:3 were 0.69, 3.60, and 2.41 mg/g, respectively. The main mechanism of phosphate removal by PZC 7:3 was the formation of thin-film amorphous calcium-magnesium phosphate compounds through ligand exchange. This study suggests that PZC 7:3 is a viable adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aquatic systems.
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24
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Piash MI, Iwabuchi K, Itoh T. Synthesizing biochar-based fertilizer with sustained phosphorus and potassium release: Co-pyrolysis of nutrient-rich chicken manure and Ca-bentonite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153509. [PMID: 35101507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs) are attracting considerable interest due to their potential to improve soil properties and the nutrient use efficiency of plants. However, a sustainable agricultural system requires decreased dependency on chemical fertilizer for BBF production and further enhancement of the slow-release performance of BBFs. In this study, we propose a simple biochar-based slow-release fertilizer synthesis technique involving the co-pyrolysis of 10 to 25% (w/w) Ca-bentonite with chicken manure as the only nutrient source (N, P, K). To evaluate nutrient release in contrasting soil media, we mixed pristine and modified chicken manure biochars (CMB) with both quartz sand and clay loam soil and compared the release with that of the recommended fertilizer dose for sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that Ca-bentonite reduced readily soluble orthophosphates by forming less-soluble Ca/Mg-phosphates. In addition, significantly slower K release in soil (on average ~ 22% slower than pristine CMB) was observed from biochar containing 25% Ca-bentonite, since K is strongly adsorbed in the exchange sites of crystalline bentonite during co-pyrolysis. Decomposable amides were unaltered and thus Ca-bentonite had no significant impact on N release. Comparison of nutrient release in different media indicated that on average P and K release from BBFs in coarse sand respectively was 38% and 24% higher than in clay loam, whereas N release was substantially greater (49%) in the latter, owing to significant microbial decomposition. Overall, Ca-bentonite-incorporated CMBs, without any additional fertilizer, can satisfy plant nutritional needs, and exhibit promising slow-release (P and K) performance. Further process modification is required to improve N-use efficiency after carefully considering the soil components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Islam Piash
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazunori Iwabuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Takanori Itoh
- Tanigurogumi Corporation, Shiobara 1100, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2921, Japan
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25
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He H, Zhang L, Zang H, Sun M, Lv C, Li S, Bai L, Han W, Dai J. Phosphorus flow analysis of different crops in Dongying District, Shandong Province, China, 1995-2016. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13274. [PMID: 35462766 PMCID: PMC9029382 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the phosphorus (P) sources, pathways, and final sinks are important to reduce P pollution and improve P management. In this study, substance flow analysis (SFA) was performed for P flow analysis from 1995 to 2016 in different crops of Dongying District, a core region of the alluvial delta at the estuary of the Yellow River. The results showed that P input steadily increased from 1.48 × 104 t in 1995 to 2.16 × 104 t in 2007, and then decreased from 1.90 × 104 t in 2010 to 1.78 × 104 t in 2016. Chemical fertilizers made the highest contribution to P input. The cotton with the highest P load was on the top of P load risk ranks. More importantly, this study applied the Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) model for P flow analysis and established the numerical relationship between the variables (including fertilizers, straws return-to-field, harvested grains, discarded straw, and P erosion and runoff), P use efficiency (PUE) and P load. The analysis revealed that fertilizer and crop production are the key factors affecting the PUE. Therefore, optimizing the use of P-fertilizer whilst maintaining yields can be an effective strategy to improve the local region PUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, QingDao, China,College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuHan, China
| | - Lvqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Tech-nology, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuHan, China
| | - Hongwei Zang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, YanTai, China
| | - Mingxing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, BeiJing, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, QingDao, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, QingDao, China
| | - Liyong Bai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, QingDao, China
| | - Wenyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Tech-nology, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuHan, China
| | - Jiulan Dai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, QingDao, China
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26
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Impact of Livestock Farming on Nitrogen Pollution and the Corresponding Energy Demand for Zero Liquid Discharge. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intensive livestock farming has negatively impacted the environment by contributing to the release of ammonia and nitrous oxide, groundwater nitrate pollution and eutrophication of rivers and estuaries. The nitrogen footprint calculator has predicted the large impact of meat production on global nitrogen loss, but it could not form the relationship between meat production and the corresponding manure generation. Here we report on the formation of direct relationships between beef, pork and poultry meat production and the corresponding amount of nitrogen loss through manure. Consequently, the energy demand for ammonium nitrogen recovery from manure is also reported. Nitrogen loss to the environment per unit of meat production was found directly proportional to the virtual nitrogen factors. The relationship between total nitrogen intake and the corresponding nitrogen loss per kg of meat production was also found linear. Average nitrogen loss due to manure application was calculated at 110 g kg−1 for poultry. The average nitrogen loss increased to 190 and 370 g-N kg−1 for pork and beef productions, respectively. Additionally, 147 kg ammonium nitrogen was calculated to be recovered from 123 m3 of manure. This corresponded to 1 Mg of beef production. The recovery of ammonium nitrogen was reduced to 126 and 52 kg from 45 and 13 m3 of pork and poultry manure, respectively. The ammonium nitrogen recovery values were calculated with respect to 1 Mg of both pork and poultry meat productions. Consequently, the specific energy demand of ammonium nitrogen recovery from beef manure was noticed at 49 kWh kg−1, which was significantly 57% and 69% higher than that of pork and poultry manure, respectively.
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27
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Meng F, Wang M, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wei Z, Hou Y, Liu X, Xu W, Zhang F. Nitrogen losses from food production in the North China Plain: A case study for Quzhou. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151557. [PMID: 34762946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) management is essential for food security. The North China Plain is an important food producing region, but also a hotspot of N losses to the environment. This results in water, soil, and air pollution. In this study, we aim to quantify the relative contribution of different crops and animals to N losses, by taking the Quzhou county as a typical example in the North China Plain. We developed and applied a new version of the NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment, and Resource use (NUFER) model. Our model is based on updated information for N losses in Quzhou. Our results show that N losses to the environment from crop and animal production in Quzhou were approximately 9 kton in 2017. These high N losses can be explained by the low N use efficiency in food production because of poor N management. For crop production, wheat, maize, and vegetables contributed 80% to N losses. Ammonia emissions and N leaching have dominant shares in these N losses. Pigs and laying hens were responsible for 74% of N losses from animal production. Ammonia emissions to air and direct discharges of manure to water were the main contributors to these N losses. Effective reduction of N losses requires improving the nutrient management in crop (wheat, maize, vegetables) and animal (pigs, laying hens) production. Our work could support the Agricultural Green Development in the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhibiao Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Dong Y, Yang JL, Zhao XR, Yang SH, Mulder J, Dörsch P, Zhang GL. Nitrate runoff loss and source apportionment in a typical subtropical agricultural watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20186-20199. [PMID: 34725759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) loss and enrichment in water bodies caused by fertilization are a major environmental problem in agricultural areas. However, the quantitative contribution of different NO3- sources, especially chemical fertilizers (CF) and soil organic nitrogen (SON), to NO3- runoff loss remains unclear. In this study, a systematic investigation of NO3- runoff and its sources was conducted in a subtropical agricultural watershed located in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China. A semi-monthly sampling was performed at the inlet and outlet from March 2018 to February 2019. Hydrochemical and dual NO3- isotope (15 N and 18O) approaches were combined to estimate the NO3- runoff loss and quantify the contribution of different sources with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. Source apportionment by Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) suggested that NO3- in runoff was mainly derived from nitrification of ammonium (NH4+) mineralized from SON (37-52%) and manure/sewage (M&S) (25-47%), while the contribution of CF was relatively small (14-25%). The contribution of various sources showed seasonal variations, with a greater contribution of CF in the wet growing season (March to August). Compared with the inlet which contributed 37-40% to runoff NO3-, SON contributed more at the outlet (49-52%). Denitrification in the runoff was small and appeared to be confined to the dry season (September to February), with an estimated NO3- loss of 2.73 kg N ha-1. The net NO3- runoff loss of the watershed was 34.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1, accounting for 15% of the annual fertilization rate (229 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Besides M&S (22%), fertilization and remineralization of SON (CF + SON) were the main sources for the NO3- runoff loss (78%), suggesting accelerated nitrification of NH4+ from CF (24%) and SON mineralization (54%). Our study indicates that NO3- runoff loss in subtropical agricultural watersheds is dominated by nonpoint source pollution from fertilization. SON played a more important role than CF. Besides, the contribution of sewage should not be neglected. Our data suggest that a combination of more rational fertilizer N application (CF), better management of SON, and better treatment of domestic sewage could alleviate NO3- pollution in subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Jin-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Li Y, Wang M, Chen X, Cui S, Hofstra N, Kroeze C, Ma L, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Strokal M. Multi-pollutant assessment of river pollution from livestock production worldwide. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117906. [PMID: 34896811 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Livestock production is often a source of multiple pollutants in rivers. However, current assessments of water pollution seldomly take a multi-pollutant perspective, while this is essential for improving water quality. This study quantifies inputs of multiple pollutants to rivers from livestock production worldwide, by animal types and spatially explicit. We focus on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Cryptosporidium (pathogen). We developed the MARINA-Global-L (Model to Assess River Inputs of pollutaNts to seAs for Livetsock) model for 10,226 sub-basins and eleven livestock species. Global inputs to land from livestock are around 94 Tg N, 19 Tg P, and 2.9 × 1021 oocysts from Cryptosporidium in 2010. Over 57% of these amounts are from grazed animals. Asia, South America, and Africa account for over 68% of these amounts on land. The inputs to rivers are around 22 Tg Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN), 1.8 Tg Total Dissolved P (TDP), and 1.3 × 1021 oocysts in 2010. Cattle, pigs, and chickens are responsible for 74-88% of these pollutants in rivers. One-fourth of the global sub-basins can be considered pollution hotspots and contribute 71-95% to the TDN, TDP, and oocysts in rivers. Our study could contribute to effective manure management for individual livestock species in sub-basins to reduce multiple pollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands.
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shilei Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nynke Hofstra
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
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Feng Y, Zhao D, Qiu S, He Q, Luo Y, Zhang K, Shen S, Wang F. Adsorption of Phosphate in Aqueous Phase by Biochar Prepared from Sheep Manure and Modified by Oyster Shells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33046-33056. [PMID: 34901656 PMCID: PMC8655947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sheep manure and oyster shells as C and Ca sources, respectively, were used to obtain Ca-enriched biochar materials with a high dephosphorization efficiency. This approach is helpful for the utilization of livestock manure and shell solid waste as well as for creating highly adsorbent materials. The results show that as the Ca content in biochar was increased, the material's phosphate adsorption capacity increased. The maximum adsorption efficiency reached 94%. The highest adsorption capacity (calculated using Langmuir fitting) of the material containing 1:1 biochar/oyster shell weight ratio reached 146.3 mg P/g. With the increase of the pH value of phosphate solution, the adsorption capacity of the sample gradually increased to 89.5-93.3 mg P/g. The adsorption occurred mainly by complexation. The results of this work provide insights into livestock manure and shell solid waste utilization, which yields a material with useful adsorption properties that can be applied for the removal of phosphate and other inorganics from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Feng
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Shangkai Qiu
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Qiuping He
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Shizhou Shen
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Agro-Environmental
Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
- Dali
Agro-Environmental Science Station, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dali 671004, China
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Beazley R. Long-term dynamics of nitrogen flow in a typical agricultural and pastoral region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its optimization strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117684. [PMID: 34252713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a central role in livestock development and food production in agricultural and pastoral regions, while its flow and loss can affect environmental quality, biodiversity and human health. A comprehensive understanding of the sources, patterns and drivers of N flow helps to alleviate its negative effects and promote sustainable management. We developed a county-scale N flow model to quantitatively analyze the N use efficiency (NUE), N losses and their driving forces in the food production and consumption system (FCPS) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). More sustainable N utilization was further investigated through scenario analyses. Our results revealed that N fluxes doubled from 1998 to 2018 to maintain the growing demands for human food production and consumption in Ledu County, which was related to the increasing N losses to the atmosphere and water environment. The surging N fluxes greatly changed the N distribution pattern, resulting in a relatively low NUE (mean value: 29.41%) in the crop-production subsystem (CPS) and a relatively high NUE (mean value: 23.50%) in the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS). The CPS contributed the most to the N losses. The urban population, animal-derived consumption, crop planting structure, imported fodder and N fertilizer application level were closely associated with N losses. The scenario analysis indicated that combined reasonable changes in planting structure, precision animal feeding, fertilizer management, diets and conversion of cropland into pasture could reduce N losses in 2030 to 5%-61% of Business as usual level. Our results highlighted the strong anthropogenic impact on the N flow of food production and consumption and suggested a sustainable N flow management strategy to harmonize the relationship between N flow and anthropogenically driven factors on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yongxiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Robert Beazley
- Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fernow Hall 302, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Zhou J, Jiao X, Ma L, de Vries W, Zhang F, Shen J. Model-based analysis of phosphorus flows in the food chain at county level in China and options for reducing the losses towards green development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117768. [PMID: 34265556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insight in the phosphorus (P) flows and P balances in the food chain is largely unknown at county scale in China, being the most appropriate spatial unit for nutrient management advice. Here, we examined changes in P flows in the food chain in a typical agricultural county (Quzhou) during 1980-2017, using substance flow analyses. Our results show that external P inputs to the county by feed import and fertilizer were 7 times greater in 2017 than in 1980, resulting in a 7-fold increase in P losses to the environment in the last 3 decades, with the biggest source being animal production. Phosphorus use efficiency decreased from 51% to 30% in crop production (PUEc) and from 32% to 11% in the whole food chain (PUEf), but increased from 4% to 7% in animal production (PUEa). A strong reduction in P inputs and thus increase in PUE can be achieved by balanced P fertilization, which is appropriate for Quzhou considering a current average adequate soil P status. Fertilizer P use can be reduced from 7276 tons yr-1 to 1765 tons yr-1 to equal P removal by crops. This change would increase P use efficiency for crops from 30% to 86% but it has a negligible effect on P losses to landfills and water bodies. Increasing the recycling of manure P from the current 43%-95% would reduce fertilizer P use by 17% and reduce P losses by 47%. A combination of reduced fertilizer P use and increased recycling of manure P would save fertilizer P by 93%, reduce P accumulation by 100% and P loss by 49%. The results indicate that increasing manure-recycling and decreasing fertilizer-application are key to achieving sustainable P use in the food chain, which can be achieved through coupling crop-livestock systems and crop-based nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil, Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil, Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil, Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil, Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Guo J, Fan J, Zhang F, Yan S, Zheng J, Wu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Sun X, Liu X, Xiang Y, Li Z. Blending urea and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer increases dryland maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency while mitigating ammonia volatilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148058. [PMID: 34091340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main pollution source in China. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the main factors of agricultural non-point source pollution. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (S) has been widely recognized as an efficient management measure to increase crop yields and mitigate NH3 volatilization. However, few studies have reported the effects of urea (U) blended with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (UNS) on maize yield and NH3 volatilization under dryland farming conditions. A two-season field experiment with U, S and various blending ratios of U and S (UNS) under two N application rates (N1: 180 kg N ha-1, N2: 240 kg N ha-1) was conducted to determine their effects on maize yield, NH3 volatilization and residual soil NO3--N. The results showed that UNS substantially reduced NH3 volatilization compared with U, primarily because of the relatively low soil pH and electrical conductivity, and the relatively high soil organic matter. UNS significantly increased dry matter, grain yield, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE), but reduced residual soil NO3--N compared with U and S. Among UNS treatments, the blending ratio of U and S at 3:7 (UNS2) was most effective in improving maize yield and NUE, while mitigating NH3 volatilization and soil NO3--N leaching. N1 not only reduced N losses, but also increased NUE compared with N2. In conclusion, UNS2N1 is recommended as the best N fertilizer application strategy for the sustainable production of dryland maize in northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fucang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Youzhen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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34
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Hirono Y, Sano T, Eguchi S. Changes in the nitrogen footprint of green tea consumption in Japan from 1965 to 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44936-44948. [PMID: 33852113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy application of nitrogen (N) in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) plantations causes various environmental problems. To date, studies on N flows have been limited to the tea plantation level, but the crucial drivers of N flows are consumers, not farmers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in N flows concerning green tea production and consumption in Japan from 1965 to 2016 using the N footprint concept. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), virtual N factor (VNF), and N footprint were calculated using a Monte Carlo method from data for 17 parameters obtained from the literature review. The VNF for green tea in Japan decreased from 54.5 in 1991 to 30.8 in 2016. The major reasons for this decrease were (i) increased NUE in plantations and (ii) increased consumption of ready-to-drink (RTD) tea, matcha, and powdered tea, indicating an increase in the efficiency of N intake from green tea by consumers. The decrease in VNF resulted in a reduction in N footprint from green tea consumption. However, the decline in N footprint since 2004 is not derived from the decrease in VNF but mainly from reduced green tea consumption. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the parameters associated with the extraction efficiency of tea, powdered tea production, and the amount of tea leaves used for RTD production strongly affected VNF estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Hirono
- Division of Tea Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2769 Kanaya-Shishidoi, Shimada, Shizuoka, 428-8501, Japan.
- Institute for Tea Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Tomohito Sano
- Division of Tea Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2769 Kanaya-Shishidoi, Shimada, Shizuoka, 428-8501, Japan
- Headquarters, NARO, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Sadao Eguchi
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
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35
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Xian CF, Gong C, Lu F, Zhang L, Ouyang ZY. Linking Dietary Patterns to Environmental Degradation: The Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rural Food Nitrogen Footprints in China. Front Nutr 2021; 8:717640. [PMID: 34527690 PMCID: PMC8435588 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.717640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: China has a large emerging economy that illustrates how dietary patterns can affect food-source nitrogen (N) cycling. The indicator of food nitrogen footprint (NF) reflects the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions and impacts of these emissions on the environment. It is a result of food production and consumption to satisfy basic dietary demands of a given population. Different from urban food consumption with improved waste treatment, rural food consumption significantly affects the environment from food production to waste disposal. We therefore, performed a nationwide case study to link dietary patterns to environmental degradation based on rural food NF accounting. Methods: The N-Calculator model was adopted to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of food NFs per capita, and regional food NFs related to rural diets in China from 2000 to 2019. Then, food-source Nr emissions to regional environment were quantified based on food NF accounting and relevant inventory of regional Nr emissions. Results: (i) The average annual food NF per-capita in rural regions was lower than that of its national counterpart, but exhibited regional differences, mainly attributed to the dietary role of cereals. (ii) There existed significant spatiotemporal characteristics among regional food NFs that were mainly contributed by plant-derived food consumptions (73%). Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, and Hunan exhibited larger regional food NFs, and Beijing, Shanghai, and Tibet showed a growth in NFs, wherein rural diets were dominated by animal-derived food. (iii) Rural diets affected the environment by the pathways of ammonia and nitrous oxide volatilization processes, as well as Nr loss to water, accounting for a 33, 5, and 62% average of food NFs across regions. (iv) Although current rural dietary patterns suggest reliance on cereal and vegetable consumptions, more animal-derived types of food would be consumed as urbanization continues, especially in developed regions, creating a barrier for further reduction in national food NF. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of changing dietary patterns to the human health-environment dilemma. Strategies that include improvements in N recycling rates, adjustments in dietary patterns, and reductions in food wastes could mitigate regional N pollution with rural dietary shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhi-Yun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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36
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Liao C, Xia Y, Wu D. Nitrogen flows associated with food production and consumption system of Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116906. [PMID: 33744631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The release of reactive nitrogen (Nr) from food production and consumption constitute the primary source of nitrogen pollution. However, nitrogen flows and the driving factors of food chain of Shanghai, China have not been previously studied. Here, we used a substance flow analysis model to analyze the changes in Nr inputs and outputs in agricultural production, livestock and poultry farming, and food consumption related to the Shanghai food chain between 2000 and 2018. The driving forces of Nr inputs, Nr use efficiency, and Nr surpluses/deficits in the food production and consumption system were also investigated. The results indicated that the main sources of Nr input in the food production and consumption system were nitrogen fertilizers, livestock and poultry feed from external sources, and plant-based foods, which accounted for 36.28-59.45% of Nr input in agricultural production, 37.32-76.57% of Nr input in livestock and poultry farming, and 35.38-59.37% of Nr input in food consumption, respectively. The main forms of Nr outputs were surplus nitrogen in the soil, excretal nitrogen from livestock and poultry animals, and excretal nitrogen from humans, which accounted for 38.2-48.89% of Nr output in agricultural production, 36.78-55.18% of Nr output in livestock and poultry farming, and 85.36% of Nr output in food consumption, respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the Nr inputs per unit area from agricultural production decreased at a rate of 20.42% before 2012, and then increased at a rate of 5.72%. Moreover, the Nr use efficiency of agricultural production component of Shanghai was at a low level, only 18.43-27.6%. Cultivation area of crops was the main driving forces of the Nr input to food production and consumption system. These results provide essential data for controlling nitrogen pollution caused by Shanghai food production and consumption, which can serve as a reference for administrative agencies in formulating policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Liao
- Institute of Xilingol Bioengineering Research, Xilingol Vocational College, Xilinhot, 026000, China
| | - Yuling Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 202162, China
| | - Dianming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 202162, China.
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Alnadari F, Almakas A, Desoky ESM, Nasereldin YA, Alklaf SA, Elrys AS. The nitrogen and phosphorus footprints of food products in Yemen over the last 57 years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26500-26514. [PMID: 33486685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) footprints are indicators for determining the losses of N and P over food production (FP) and food consumption (FC) chain. Yemen is an interesting case because, given the country's heavy dependence on food imports, food insecurity, and poverty, the N footprint (NF) and P footprint (PF) could affect its future development. However, NF and PF over time have not yet been studied in Yemen. Therefore, this is the first paper to compute the NF and PF in Arabian Peninsula (a case study from Yemen) by an adjusted model of N-Calculator, by computing virtual N (VNFs) and virtual P (VPFs) factors for main foodstuffs. The NF (kg N cap-1 year-1) and PF (kg P cap-1 year-1) elevated from 5.56 and 1.20 in the 1960s to 15.2 and 4.79 during 2011-2017, respectively, while the national NF (Gg [109 g] N year-1) and national PF (Gg P year-1) increased from 27.7 and 6.77 in the 1960s to 358 and 122 during 2011-2017, respectively. Cereal was the largest contributor to the NF and PF in Yemen over the past 57 years. FP contributes approximately 80% and 86% of the total NF and PF during 2011-2017. Therefore, if possible, the best way for consumers and farmers in Yemen to decrease NF and PF is to focus efforts on increasing FP and FC of foodstuffs with less VNFs and VPFs. The consumption of vegetable-fruit, legumes, starchy, eggs, poultry, and fish should be increased as their NF and PF are low. However, people in Yemen suffer from shortage of resources and lack of awareness, and thus they do not have the opportunity to choose foodstuffs that are low in NF and PF. Accordingly, policymakers should encourage integrated approaches that introduce powerful tools for controlling crop and livestock production in conjunction with enhancements in nutrient use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawze Alnadari
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Yasir A Nasereldin
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies, Kordofan University, PO. Box 160, El Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan
| | - Salah Alden Alklaf
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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38
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Long W, Wang H, Hou Y, Chadwick D, Ma Y, Cui Z, Zhang F. Mitigation of Multiple Environmental Footprints for China's Pig Production Using Different Land Use Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4440-4451. [PMID: 33793238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pig production contributes considerably to land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) and reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. Land use strategies were widely proposed, but the spillover effects on biological flow are rarely explored. Here, we simultaneously assessed the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and cropland footprints of China's pig production at the provincial scale in 2017. The environmental impacts of land use strategies were further evaluated. Results show that one kg live-weight pig production generated an average of 1.9 kg CO2-equiv and 59 g Nr emissions, occupying 3.5 m2 cropland, with large regional variations. A large reduction in GHG (58-64%) and Nr (12-14%) losses and occupied cropland (10-11%) could be achieved simultaneously if combined strategies of intensive crop production, improved feed-protein utilization efficiency, and feeding co-products were implemented. However, adopting a single strategy may have environmental side-effects. Reallocating cropland that pigs used for feed to plant food alternatives would enhance human-edible energy (3-20 times) and protein delivery (1-5 times) and reduce C and N footprints, except for rice and vegetables. Reallocating cropland to beef and milk production would decrease energy and protein supply. Therefore, a proper combination of land use strategies is essential to alleviate land use changes and nutrient emissions without sacrificing food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dave Chadwick
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Yifei Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Chen X, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Supit I, Wang M, Ma L, Chen X, Shi X. Modeling the Contribution of Crops to Nitrogen Pollution in the Yangtze River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11929-11939. [PMID: 32856903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture contributes considerably to nitrogen (N) inputs to the world's rivers. In this study, we aim to improve our understanding of the contribution of different crops to N inputs to rivers. To this end, we developed a new model system by linking the MARINA 2.0 (Model to Assess River Input of Nutrient to seAs) and WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudy) models. We applied this linked model system to the Yangtze as an illustrative example. The N inputs to crops in the Yangtze River basin showed large spatial variability. Our results indicate that approximately 6,000 Gg of N entered all rivers of the Yangtze basin from crop production as dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in 2012. Half of this amount is from the production of single rice, wheat, and vegetables, where synthetic fertilizers were largely applied. In general, animal manure contributes 12% to total DIN inputs to rivers. Three-quarters of manure-related DIN in rivers are from vegetable, fruit, and potato production. The contributions of crops to river pollution differ among sub-basins. For example, potato is an important source of DIN in rivers of some upstream sub-basins. Our results may help to prioritize the dominant crop sources for management to mitigate N pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan Supit
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
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Li Y, Cui S, Gao B, Tang J, Huang W, Huang Y. Modeling nitrogen flow in a coastal city-A case study of Xiamen in 2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139294. [PMID: 32473438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal cities, most of them experiencing growing population and rapid urbanization, are facing reactive nitrogen (Nr) pollution crisis and are considered as Nr hotspots worldwide. Increased human activities generate drastic effects on the nitrogen (N) flows of coastal cities. Nevertheless, the N flows of coastal cities are not clearly understood, and the existing city-scale N flow models cannot depict the detailed N flows in coastal cities. Here, we developed a NItrogen MOdel for COastal ciTy (NIMOCOT) which includes four processes and 14 subsystems and used the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method to model detailed N flows by taking Xiamen as a case study. The results showed that total N inputs to and outputs from Xiamen in 2015 were 403.8 and 201.7 Gg respectively, with half of total N inputs accumulated in the city. The top two N inputs were N embodied in nonfood goods consumption by households and fossil fuel combustion, accounting for 48.5% and 38.5% of total N inputs to Xiamen respectively. After city internal consumption, 109.5 Gg NOx were emitted mainly from energy and industrial subsystems, accounting for 93.2% of total gaseous Nr emissions to the atmosphere. In the typical coastal city, shipping contributed to 34.0% of the total gaseous Nr emissions to the atmosphere in the transportation sector, ranked after highway (58.0%). Moreover, the largest Nr contributor to the hydrosphere came from riparian import (56.0%) which has a significant impact on the hydrosphere of Xiamen. Our results indicated that enhancing the remove ratio of NOx emissions during fossil fuel consumption, and strengthening watershed managements to low riparian N imports from upstream will be useful for reducing N contaminants in environment of Xiamen, and NIMOCOT model is suitable for tracking the key N pollutant sources and could help to make decisions on cutting associate pollutants in coastal cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jianxiong Tang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- College of Harbour and Environmental Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Wang F, Wang Y, Cai Z, Chen X. Environmental losses and driving forces of nitrogen flow in two agricultural towns of Hebei province during 1997-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114636. [PMID: 32380391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) losses from food production and consumption have resulted in noticeable environmental impacts, e.g., air pollution and climate change, saturation of soil N, and water eutrophication. In the present study, a rural-scale N flow model was constructed in Quzhou county, Hebei province to investigate the characteristics of the N flux, N use efficiency (NUE), and N loss and their driving factors in the food production and consumption system during 1997-2017. Our results show that the N fluxes of the crop-production subsystem (CPS), the livestock-breeding subsystem (LBS), and the household-consumption subsystem (HCS) all followed an upward trend. During 1997-2017, the N losses from the system were high (51.38%), and the CPS was a major source. When the N fertilizer application level was optimal (403-475 kg N ha-1), the NUE in the CPS (NUEc) decreased sharply, resulting in a higher N cost than that observed at larger scales. For the LBS, the NUE of animal feed (NUEa) was high (46.37%); however, the waste utilization rate of the HCS was below 30%. The chemical fertilizer application level, feed input, animal-food demand, and livestock manure application level were closely related to the environmental N losses. Due to the lack of reasonable N treatment and utilization methods, the increasing N losses are expected to have a large future impact on environmental issues such as haze, soil acidification, and frequent algal blooms. Therefore, adjusting N management in the processes of food production and consumption is of great significance to the improvement of global NUE and reduction of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhu G, Noman MA, Narale DD, Feng W, Pujari L, Sun J. Evaluation of ecosystem health and potential human health hazards in the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang Estuary region through multiple assessment approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114791. [PMID: 32428818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution has become a major issue governing ecosystem and human health risks. The Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang Estuary region are facing unusual perturbation due to rapid development along the embayment in recent decades. This study evaluated the organic and inorganic pollutants in water, sediment, and from the muscles of higher trophic organisms (fish, crustacean, shellfish) during four different seasons (in 2018-2019) along the Qiantang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay region to assess the ecosystem health and potential hazard status. Dissolved inorganic phosphate and nitrogen were the major pollutants in this area, which led to severe eutrophication throughout the study period. Eutrophication signals coincided well with the phytoplankton abundance, which revels the control of nutrient enrichment on the spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton. Food availability, along with salinity and temperature, drives the zooplankton population distribution. Heavy metals were not the issue of water quality as their concentrations meet the national and international baseline standards. However, in the sediments, Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher than the baseline value. Towards the northwestern part of the Qiantang Estuary, the overall potential risk index of sediment with higher Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) depicted delicate condition with moderate risk for the sediment contamination. The As concentration in fishes was close to the baseline standards limit irrespective of low As values within water and sediments. The higher concentrations of Zinc (Zn) and As in shellfish muscles, whereas other metals were within the limit of baseline standard in all the organisms. However, the hazard analysis (Targeted hazard quotient, THQ) values for the seafood consumption to human health indicates the potentially threatening consequences of shellfish and crustacean consumption on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Md Abu Noman
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Dhiraj Dhondiram Narale
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Weihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Laxman Pujari
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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43
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Towards Sustainable Management of Mineral Fertilizers in China: An Integrative Analysis and Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
China has not only successfully fed 20% of the world’s population using only 9% of the world’s arable land; it has also become the world’s largest producer of various agricultural products. The widespread application of mineral fertilizers played a critical role in accomplishing this achievement. In this study, we conducted an integrative analysis of China’s mineral fertilizers over the last six decades from multiple perspectives—domestic production, consumption and international trade at national and international levels, and the agricultural use of fertilizers at a regional level. In addition, we quantitatively estimated fertilizer nutrient surpluses for 30 provinces in mainland China for the time period spanning from 1987 to 2018 and integrated the results as a reference to the evaluation of the implementation of the Zero Growth Action Plan regulating fertilizer use by 2020. We concluded that by 2019, 83% and 93% of the provinces had already achieved zero growth in fertilizer use and fertilizer nutrient surpluses, respectively. This shows promising potential for China in finalising the Zero Growth Action Plan of Fertilizers nationwide by 2020.
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Ying H, Xue Y, Yan K, Wang Y, Yin Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Tian X, Li Z, Liu Y, Cui Z. Safeguarding Food Supply and Groundwater Safety for Maize Production in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9939-9948. [PMID: 32706248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying sustainable nitrogen (N) management at the national scale is critical for developing targeted policies and strategies to simultaneously achieve food security and groundwater protection. In this study, we report county-scale optimization scenarios for Chinese maize production and evaluate their outcomes for safeguarding food supply and groundwater safety. First, we performed random forest regression modeling to simulate in situ NO3- leaching based on a meta-analysis that integrates climate, soil, water, and N balance parameters. The NO3- leaching was then mapped for 1406 counties based on data compiled from 2.89 million farmer surveys. Average NO3- leaching during the maize growth season was estimated to be 27.6 kg N ha-1, and 56% of counties had groundwater whose nitrate concentrations exceeded drinking water safety levels during 2005-2014. The top 5% farmers in each county produced not only more grain but also greater NO3- leaching. Scenario analysis of potential management changes found that when these top producers combined optimal N management practices, national N use in Chinese maize system was reduced by 25%, from 9.1 to 6.9 Mt, while maize production increased by 6.1%. Modeled NO3- leaching was 0.58 Mt, which was 31% lower than groundwater safety levels and 53% lower than the current leaching amount. This study provides evidence that integrated crop and N management practices implemented at the county level safeguard both maize crop food security and enhance environment sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ying
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Xue
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingshuai Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongxin Li
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Smallholder Apple Production: Lessons from the Bohai Bay Region. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming apple production to one with high yield and economic benefit but low environmental impact by improving P-use efficiency is an essential objective in China. However, the potential for multi-objective improvement for smallholders and the corresponding implications for horticultural practices are not fully appreciated. Survey data collected from 99 apple producers in Quzhou County of Bohai Bay Region were analyzed by the Pareto-based multi-objective optimization method to determine the potential of multi-objective improvement in apple production. With current practices, apple yield was 45 t ha−1, and the economic benefit was nearly 83,000 CNY ha−1 but with as much as 344 kg P ha−1 input mainly from chemical fertilizer and manure. P gray water footprint was up to 27,200 m3 ha−1 due to low P-use efficiency. However, Pareto-optimized production, yield, and economic benefit could be improved by 38% and 111%, respectively. With a concurrent improvement in P-use efficiency, P gray water footprint was reduced by 29%. Multi-objective optimization was achieved with integrated horticultural practices. The study indicated that multi-objective optimization could be achieved at a smallholder scale with realistic changes in integrated horticultural practices. These findings serve to improve the understanding of multi-objective optimization for smallholders, identify possible constraints, and contribute to the development of strategies for sustainable apple production.
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Network resilience of phosphorus cycling in China has shifted by natural flows, fertilizer use and dietary transitions between 1600 and 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:365-375. [PMID: 37128100 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The resilience of the phosphorus (P) cycling network is critical to ecosystem functioning and human activities. Although P cycling pathways have been previously mapped, a knowledge gap remains in evaluating the P network's ability to withstand shocks or disturbances. Applying principles of mass balance and ecological network analysis, we examine the network resilience of P cycling in China from 1600 to 2012. The results show that changes in network resilience have shifted from being driven by natural P flows for food production to being driven by industrial P flows for chemical fertilizer production. Urbanization has intensified the one-way journey of P, further deteriorating network resilience. Over 2000-2012, the network resilience of P cycling has decreased by 11% owing to dietary changes towards more animal-based foods. A trade-off between network resilience improvement and increasing food trade is also observed. These findings can support policy decisions for enhanced P cycling network resilience in China.
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Gao B, Wang L, Cai Z, Huang W, Huang Y, Cui S. Spatio-temporal dynamics of nitrogen use efficiencies in the Chinese food system, 1990-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:134861. [PMID: 31836220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence factors of nitrogen (N) use efficiencies (NUEs) in different stages of the food system at the provincial scale is critical to achieving cleaner food production while ensuring food security. Nevertheless, they are not well understood. Here we comprehensively analyzed NUE and its influence factors at different stages of the provincial food system. The results showed that per unit agricultural land N input increased by 5-92% in 27 provinces, during 1990-2010, resulting in a low NUE for the crop system when N input per unit agricultural land exceeded about 400 kg N ha-1. This situation has brought some positive changes, as N input decreased by 3-271 kg N ha-1 in 77% of the provinces in 2017, relative to that of 2010, but 10 provinces were still over 450 kg N ha-1 in 2017. Animal food production is expected to continue to expand because 35% and 68% of provinces' urban and rural households, respectively, were still below the recommended minimum animal food N consumption recommendation in 2017, posing great challenges for reducing environmental N pollution. An exciting result is that the NUE of the animal system can be improved by increasing the share of animal food contributed by poultry, eggs, milk and fish, to align with the diets recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society. NUEs of the provincial food systems excluding Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet, would increase by 13% if the net imported food N increased by 1 kg capita-1. Nevertheless, virtual NUE-including N input for imported food in the calculation of NUE-should be considered for accurate comparison of the NUEs of the provincial food systems, especially in highly urbanized areas, while N input for non-food animals should be excluded for accurate evaluation of the NUE in pastoral areas, considering their special production systems and feeding structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Zucong Cai
- College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- School of Biotechnology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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48
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Liu C, Hu N, Song W, Chen Q, Zhu L. Aquaculture Feeds Can Be Outlaws for Eutrophication When Hidden in Rice Fields? A Case Study in Qianjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224471. [PMID: 31766308 PMCID: PMC6887982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water eutrophication caused by agricultural production has become one of the most important factors that impede sustainable rural environmental governance in China. As a result, the Chinese central and local governments want to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and gain socioeconomical profit simultaneously by promoting crayfish and rice integrated system (CRIS) in the rural areas with abundant water resources. In this article, we investigated whether CRIS in Qianjiang, Hubei, the origin place of the system in China, contributes to fulfilling the governments’ expectations. We found that CRIS efficaciously cuts the fertilizer rate in rice production and boosts farmers’ incomes because crayfish has a demand for water quality and holds a large internal market requirement. However, higher profit encourages farmers to expand crayfish production and thus discourages the initiatives in rice production. The area of the ditch for crayfish production expands ceaselessly and exceeds the limit of regulation of CRIS. As a result, the CRIS in the areas has emerged as a practice of aquaculture but in farmland. This is a regulatory gap. The input–output analysis of CRIS by material balance method can also reveal that excessive feed for crayfish has become a new source of agricultural pollution. Beyond that, due to the changed irrigation system and increased water exchange frequency of CRIS, the pollution has transformed from passive distribution to active, which will increase the risk of water eutrophication on a large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (N.H.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Naijuan Hu
- College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (N.H.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixuan Song
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (N.H.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- College of Humanities & Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (N.H.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Regional Agricultural Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84396365
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49
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Huang W, Gao B, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu S, Xu L, Cui S. Transforming nitrogen management of the urban food system in a food-sink city. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109180. [PMID: 31400586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen flows in urban food systems are attracting increasing concern. However, characteristics of nitrogen flow and systematic measures to reduce reactive nitrogen losses in the food systems of consumption-oriented cities in developing countries have not been well understood, especially in a quantitative way. This study empirically investigates the transforming nitrogen flows of an urban food system in a food-sink city in China, with a nitrogen metabolism model. Three types of nitrogen loads transfer are identified: from production to consumption side, between different environmental media, and from areas within to areas beyond the city boundary. By integrating sensitivity analysis into the metabolism model, increases in the sewage treatment rate, the sewage nitrogen removal rate, and the ratio of animal excreta returned to field are found to contribute the most to the water nitrogen load reduction, and reducing food waste at the consumer level is the most influential measure for lowering soil nitrogen loads, under the existing nitrogen flow regime. Additionally, a three-tier template framework is proposed to streamline city strategies (prevention, abatement, recycling, regional cooperation, etc.) for reducing the N loads of urban food systems, providing references for sustainable nutrient management in urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- School of Biotechnology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- College of Information & Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Su Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lilai Xu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Carswell A, Gongadze K, Misselbrook T, Wu L. Impact of transition from permanent pasture to new swards on the nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen and carbon budgets of beef and sheep production. AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 283:106572. [PMID: 31680709 PMCID: PMC6694753 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2019.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently much debate around the environmental implications of ruminant farming and a need for robust data on nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) fluxes from beef and sheep grazing systems. Here we use data collected from the North Wyke Farm Platform along with the SPACSYS model to examine the N and C budgets and the N use efficiency (NUE) of grassland swards at different stages of establishment. We assessed the transition from permanent pasture (PP) to a high-sugar grass (HSG), and a mixed sward of HSG with white clover (HSGC), identifying data specifically for the reseed (RS) years and the first year following RS (HSG-T and HSGC-T). Dominant fluxes for the N budget were N offtake as cut herbage and via livestock grazing, chemical-N fertiliser and N leaching at 88-280, 15-177, and 36-92 kg N ha-1 a-1, respectively. Net primary productivity, soil respiration and C offtake as cut herbage and via livestock grazing at 1.9-15.9, 1.74-12.5, and 0.34-11.7 t C ha-1 a-1, respectively, were the major C fluxes. No significant differences were found between the productivity of any of the swards apart from in the RS year of establishment. However, NUE of the livestock production system was significantly greater for the HSGC and HSGC-T swards at 32 and 42% compared to all other swards, associated with the low chemical-N fertiliser inputs to these clover-containing swards. Our findings demonstrate opportunities for improving NUE in grazing systems, but also the importance of setting realistic NUE targets for these systems to provide achievable goals for land-managers.
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