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Falfushynska H, Rychter P, Boshtova A, Faidiuk Y, Kasianchuk N, Rzymski P. Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:537. [PMID: 38675497 PMCID: PMC11054822 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The United Nations World Drug Report published in 2022 alarmed that the global market of illicit drugs is steadily expanding in space and scale. Substances of abuse are usually perceived in the light of threats to human health and public security, while the environmental aspects of their use and subsequent emissions usually remain less explored. However, as with other human activities, drug production, trade, and consumption of drugs may leave their environmental mark. Therefore, this paper aims to review the occurrence of illicit drugs in surface waters and their bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Illicit drugs of different groups, i.e., psychostimulants (methamphetamines/amphetamines, cocaine, and its metabolite benzoylecgonine) and depressants (opioids: morphine, heroin, methadone, fentanyl), can reach the aquatic environment through wastewater discharge as they are often not entirely removed during wastewater treatment processes, resulting in their subsequent circulation in nanomolar concentrations, potentially affecting aquatic biota, including fish. Exposure to such xenobiotics can induce oxidative stress and dysfunction to mitochondrial and lysosomal function, distort locomotion activity by regulating the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, increase the predation risk, instigate neurological disorders, disbalance neurotransmission, and produce histopathological alterations in the brain and liver tissues, similar to those described in mammals. Hence, this drugs-related multidimensional harm to fish should be thoroughly investigated in line with environmental protection policies before it is too late. At the same time, selected fish species (e.g., Danio rerio, zebrafish) can be employed as models to study toxic and binge-like effects of psychoactive, illicit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Faculty of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | | | - Yuliia Faidiuk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53114 Wrocław, Poland;
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2 Prospekt Hlushkov, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60806 Poznań, Poland;
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Sandoval MA, Calzadilla W, Vidal J, Brillas E, Salazar-González R. Contaminants of emerging concern: Occurrence, analytical techniques, and removal with electrochemical advanced oxidation processes with special emphasis in Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123397. [PMID: 38272166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental systems is gradually more studied worldwide. However, in Latin America, the presence of contaminants of emerging concern, together with their environmental and toxicological impacts, has recently been gaining wide interest in the scientific community. This paper presents a critical review about the source, fate, and occurrence of distinct emerging contaminants reported during the last two decades in various countries of Latin America. In recent years, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia are the main countries that have conducted research on the presence of these pollutants in biological and aquatic compartments. Data gathered indicated that pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care products are the most assessed CECs in Latin America, being the most common compounds the followings: atrazine, acenaphthene, caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, diuron, estrone, losartan, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Most common analytical methodologies for identifying these compounds were HPLC and GC coupled with mass spectrometry with the potential to characterize and quantify complex substances in the environment at low concentrations. Most CECs' monitoring and detection were observed near to urban areas which confirm the out-of-date wastewater treatment plants and sanitization infrastructures limiting the removal of these pollutants. Therefore, the implementation of tertiary treatment should be required. In this tenor, this review also summarizes some studies of CECs removal using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes that showed satisfactory performance. Finally, challenges, recommendations, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sandoval
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Guanajuato, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Carretera Estatal Guanajuato-Puentecillas Km. 10.5, 36262, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Wendy Calzadilla
- Research Group of Analysis, Treatments, Electrochemistry, Recovery and Reuse of Water, (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge Vidal
- Departamento de Química de Los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Salazar-González
- Departamento de Química de Los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Yan Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Zhao X, Wang S, Xie R, Li K. Seasonal distribution of caffeine in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and estuaries of Yantai City, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116008. [PMID: 38171162 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We employed a validated method to assess the seasonal variation and distribution of caffeine in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, as well as in Yantai urban estuaries and offshore region in northern China. Caffeine concentrations were highest during the summer in the Yellow Sea (1436.4 ng/L) and lowest in the Yantai urban offshore region during the spring and autumn and in the Yantai urban estuarine area and Bohai Sea during the winter (0.1 ng/L). There was significant variation in maximum caffeine levels among seasons across all regions examined, reaching a difference of 5980.5 times at the same sampling site between summer and winter. The caffeine concentration in the Yantai offshore region was significantly higher than in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. This study is the first investigation of seasonal fluctuations in the pollution levels of neurotoxic substances in the northern seas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Derui Wang
- College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Song Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ruliang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Su D, Wei Y, Chelimuge, Ma Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Ben W, Wang Y. Distribution, ecological risks and priority of pharmaceuticals in the coastal water of Qinhuangdao, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167955. [PMID: 37875199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been a surge of interest in research focused on the presence of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, study on the distribution and risks of pharmaceuticals in coastal waters remains inadequately documented due to the specific features of the marine environment, such as strong dilution, high salinity, and complex hydrodynamics. In this study, thirty pharmaceuticals with diverse physicochemical properties were analyzed in a coastal sea with low hydrodynamic energy caused by various artificial structures. The results indicate that 14 compounds were detected in seawater, with concentrations ranging from <1 to 201.4 ng L-1, among which caffeine, metoprolol, and atenolol were detected at high levels. Statistical analysis reveals the prevalence of the most target pharmaceuticals with downward trends in concentrations from estuary to offshore region, demonstrating the significant impacts of riverine inputs on the coastal water. Nevertheless, the distribution patterns of caffeine and atenolol were intricate, suggesting that they may have also originated from other unknown sources. A newly-developed method combining risk quotient (RQ) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models was used in ecological risk assessment. The results indicate generally higher risks of target pharmaceuticals in the estuary compared to the offshore region, with caffeine, carbamazepine, and norfloxacin identified as the top three priority pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Su
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Chelimuge
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China.
| | - Weiwei Ben
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Research Center for Marine Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamics, Resources and Environments, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
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5
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Yan Z, Li Y, Lin A, Yang X, Lu Z, Zhang H, Tang J, Zhao J, Niu D, Zhang T, Zhao X, Li K. Development of a trace quantitative method to investigate caffeine distribution in the Yellow and Bohai Seas, China, and assessment of its potential neurotoxic effect on fish larvae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115492. [PMID: 37690407 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is an emerging contaminant in aquatic environments. The study utilized a validated method to investigate the presence and distribution of caffeine in the surface water of the Yellow and Bohai Seas, urban rivers, and the Yantai estuary area. The analytical method conforms to EPA guidelines and exhibits a limit of quantification that is 200 times lower than that of prior investigations. The study revealed that the highest concentration of 1436.4 ng/L was found in convergence of ocean currents in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The presence of larger populations and the process of urban industrialization have been observed to result in elevated levels of caffeine in offshore regions, confirming that caffeine can serve as a potential indicator of anthropogenic contamination. Fish larvae exhibited hypoactivity in response to caffeine exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations. The study revealed that caffeine pollution can have adverse effects on marine and offshore ecosystems. This emphasizes the importance of decreasing neurotoxic pollution in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ainuo Lin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Donglei Niu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Ivantsova E, Martyniuk CJ. A synthesis on the sub-lethal toxicity of atenolol, a beta-blocker, in teleost fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104236. [PMID: 37481051 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure medications like atenolol are detected in aquatic ecosystems. The objectives here were to (1) map the global presence of atenolol in surface water and sewage; (2) present current knowledge regarding removal efficiency and degradation of atenolol; (3) identify biological endpoints sensitive to exposure; (4) reveal molecular biomarkers that may be useful for exposure studies in fish; (5) determine whether toxicology studies are within environmental relevance. In fish, atenolol exposure affects endocrine and immune systems, metabolism, and epigenetics. Fewer than half of all studies measuring biological responses use environmentally-relevant concentrations. Heart rate appeared most sensitive to atenolol exposure relative to other endpoints. Data are lacking for behavioral responses to atenolol. Molecular biomarkers for atenolol may include those associated with acute kidney injury, cholestasis, and hypertriglyceridemia. Head kidney and liver may therefore be useful for detecting atenolol-induced effects. This review synthesizes knowledge regarding atenolol-induced toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, USA.
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Thanasoponkul W, Changbunjong T, Sukkurd R, Saiwichai T. Spent Coffee Grounds and Novaluron Are Toxic to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. INSECTS 2023; 14:564. [PMID: 37367380 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector for mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Insecticide resistance is a major concern in controlling this mosquito. We investigated the chemical compounds in wet and dry spent coffee grounds (wSCGs and dSCGs) and evaluated the efficacy of dSCGs, wSCGs, and novaluron on the mortality and adult emergence inhibition of Ae. aegypti. We found higher concentrations of chemical compounds in wSCGs than in dSCGs. The wSCGs and dSCGs both contained total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid. Complete mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure to 50 g/L wSCGs, while similar mortality was found after 120 h of exposure to 10 µg/L of novaluron. The sublethal dose was a concentration of wSCGs (5 g/L) and novaluron (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg/L) combined that resulted in a larval mortality lower than twenty percent (at 72 h) to determine their synergistic effects. The death rate of larvae exposed in sublethal combination of wSCGs and novaluron was significantly higher than that of its stand-alone. The findings indicate that the combination of wSCGs and novaluron at sublethal concentrations had synergistic effects on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae and could be applied as an alternative control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waralee Thanasoponkul
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Rattanavadee Sukkurd
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawee Saiwichai
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Afsa S, De Marco G, Cristaldi A, Giannetto A, Galati M, Billè B, Conti GO, Ben Mansour H, Ferrante M, Cappello T. Single and combined effects of caffeine and salicylic acid on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Changes at histomorphological, molecular and biochemical levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104167. [PMID: 37286067 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) and salicylic acid (SA) are frequently detected in waterbody, though information on their biological impact is poor. This work assesses the effects of CAF (5ng/L to 10µg/L) and SA (0.05µg/L to 100µg/L) alone and combined as CAF+SA (5ng/L+0.05µg/L to 10µg/L+100µg/L) on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under 12-days exposure by histomorphology of digestive gland and oxidative stress defense at molecular and biochemical levels. Besides evaluating tissue accumulation, absence of histomorphological damage and haemocyte infiltration highlighted activation of defensive mechanisms. Up-regulation of Cu/Zn-sod, Mn-sod, cat and gst combined with increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity were found in CAF-exposed mussels, while SA reduced ROS production and mitochondrial activity. CAF+SA exposure induced differential responses, and the integrated biomarker response (IBR) revealed more pronounced effects of SA than CAF. These results enlarge knowledge on pharmaceuticals impact on non-target organisms, emphasizing the need for proper environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Billè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Duarte JAP, Ribeiro AKN, de Carvalho P, Bortolini JC, Ostroski IC. Emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: phytoplankton structure in the presence of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46604-46617. [PMID: 36719587 PMCID: PMC9888349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals from anthropogenic activities such as domestic sewage, pesticide leaching, and improper chemical disposal have caused groundwater contamination. The presence of these emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment can change water quality and biota composition. Thus, this study investigates the effect of two emerging contaminants, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), on the aquatic environment, evaluating the phytoplankton community structure. A microcosm experiment was conducted with 16 sampling units, each one with 500 mL of water sample containing phytoplankton exposed to these drugs at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1). The experiment lasted 15 days, and samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 to evaluate the phytoplankton community, the concentrations of the drugs, and the nutrients in the samples. Six phytoplankton groups were identified, and diatoms and green algae were the most diverse and abundant groups. For the entire community, we identified differences between the days of the experiment, varying in the diversity and density of organisms, but not between the concentrations of the two drugs. Evaluating the groups separately, we identified differences in the abundance of cyanobacteria for the treatment with diclofenac and desmids for the treatment with sulfamethoxazole. We demonstrated that the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems can somehow affect the phytoplankton community, especially the diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria and desmids. Therefore, our study indicates the importance of evaluating the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and their influence on aquatic organisms, as well as pharmaceuticals may be changing the structure of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla de Carvalho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
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Wanjeri VOW, Okuku E, Gachanja A, Ngila JC, Ndungu PG. Occurrence, distribution, and environmental risk of pharmaceutical residues in Mombasa peri-urban creeks, Kenya. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137144. [PMID: 36343733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The information on pharmaceutical compounds' distribution and their possible risks in marine ecosystems along the Kenya coast is limited especially in the peri-urban creeks. Hence, this study aimed to determine pharmaceutical residue levels and distribution in selected peri-urban creeks in Mombasa and Gazi bay. The target compounds were analgesic (acetaminophen), antibiotics (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole), antiepileptic (carbamazepine), and antiretroviral (nevirapine). Pharmaceutical residues in grab surface seawater in wet and dry seasons ranged from below detection limit (BDL)-1065.6 μg L-1 and BDL-71.3 μg L-1, respectively. The concentration of the pharmaceutical residues was high in Tudor creek in the dry and wet seasons with a mean concentration of 63.3 μg L-1 and 233.1 μg L-1 respectively compared to Makupa creek (dry season, 54.2 μg L-1; wet season 16.2 μg L), and Mtwapa creek (dry season, 43.1 μg L-1; wet season, 15.0 μg L-1). Gazi Bay being used as a control site had a mean concentration of 21.3 μg L-1 and 3.1 μg L-1 during the dry season and wet season respectively. Acetaminophen and nevirapine were the most ubiquitous compounds in seawater since they were found in all seawater samples collected. Risk quotients (RQ) for invertebrates and algae based on the mean concentrations of the analytes were estimated to provide a preliminary environmental risk assessment. The results suggest that the studied acetaminophen, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and carbamazepine in seawater pose low (0.01 ≤ RQ < 0.1) to medium (0.1 ≤ RQ < 1) ecological risk whereas nevirapine poses medium to high (RQ ≥ 1) ecological risk to the ecosystems of Mombasa periurban creeks and Gazi bay. Further research, however, is encouraged on the distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment and the long-term synergistic effects of mixtures of these compounds on marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ogolla Wayayi Wanjeri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Eric Okuku
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Anthony Gachanja
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane Catherine Ngila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Gathura Ndungu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Ojemaye CY, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Green L, Petrik L. The burden of emerging contaminants upon an Atlantic Ocean marine protected reserve adjacent to Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12625. [PMID: 36619409 PMCID: PMC9816787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and levels of fifteen chemicals of emerging concerns, including five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), two industrial chemicals, seven pharmaceuticals and one personal care product, were evaluated in biota, seawater and sediments obtained from near-shore coastal zone in Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Eight compounds were found in seawater, and between nine to twelve compounds were quantified in marine invertebrates, sediment and seaweed. Diclofenac was the prevalent pharmaceutical with a maximum concentration of 2.86 ng/L in seawater, ≥110.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments and ≥67.47 ng/g dw in marine biotas. Among PFCs, perfluoroheptanoic acid was predominant in seawater (0.21-0.46 ng/L). Accumulation of perfluorodecanoic acid (764 ng/g dw) as well as perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid (504.52 and 597.04 ng/g dw, respectively) was highest in samples of seaweed. The environmental risk assessment carried out in this study showed that although individual pollutants pose a low acute and chronic risk, yet individual compounds each had a high bioaccumulation factor in diverse marine species, and their combination as a complex mixture in marine organisms might have adverse effects upon aquatic organisms. Data revealed that this Atlantic Ocean marine protected environment is affected by the presence of numerous and diverse emerging contaminants that could only have originated from sewage discharges. The complex mixture of persistent chemicals found bioaccumulating in marine organisms could bode ill for the propagation and survival of marine protected species, since many of these compounds are known toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y. Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lesley Green
- Environmental Humanities South and Department of Anthropology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Perfetti-Bolaño A, Muñoz K, Kolok AS, Araneda A, Barra RO. Analysis of the contribution of locally derived wastewater to the occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Antarctic coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158116. [PMID: 35988631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants detected in many locations of the world including Antarctica. The main objective of this review is to discuss the influence of the human population on the concentration, distribution and biological effects of PPCPs across the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystem. We carried out a review of the scientific articles published for PPCPs in Antarctic, supported by the information of the Antarctic stations reported by Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (CONMAP), Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (ATS). In addition, spatial data regarding the Antarctic continent was obtained from Quantarctica. Antarctic concentrations of PPCPs were more reflective of the treatment system used by research stations as opposed to the infrastructure built or the annual occupancy by station. The main problem is that most of the research stations lack tertiary treatment, resulting in elevated concentrations of PPCPs in effluents. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of Antarctic field stations in coastal areas allows for the release of PPCPs, directly into the sea, a practice that remains in compliance with the current Protocol. After their release, PPCPs can become incorporated into sea ice, which can then act as a chemical reservoir. In addition, there is no clarity on the effects on the local biota. Finally, we recommend regulating the entry and use of PPCPs in Antarctica given the difficulties of operating, and in some cases the complete absence of appropriate treatment systems. Further studies are needed on the fate, transport and biological effects of PPCPs on the Antarctic biota. It is recommended that research efforts be carried out in areas inhabited by humans to generate mitigation measures relative to potential adverse impacts. Tourism should be also considered in further studies due the temporal release of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3002, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Alberto Araneda
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ricardo O Barra
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio Ecología-Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
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13
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Roveri V, Guimarães LL, Toma W, Correia AT. Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and abuse drugs in estuarine waters along the São Paulo coast, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89712-89726. [PMID: 35857165 PMCID: PMC9297060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the surface waters by pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has attracted worldwide attention, but data regarding their occurrence and potential risks for the aquatic biota on tropical coastal rivers of South America are still scarce. In this context, the occurrence and the preliminary ecological risk assessment of eleven pharmaceuticals of various therapeutic classes (including cocaine and its primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine) were investigated, for the first time, in five rivers of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, covering a coastline of about 140 km, namely Perequê River, Itinga River, Mongaguá River, Itanhaém River and Guaraú River. Although these five rivers are born in well-preserved areas of the Atlantic rainforest biome, on its way to sea and when they cross the urban perimeter, they receive untreated sewage discharges containing a complex mixture of contaminants. In addition, a "persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity" (PBT) approach allowed to pre-select the priority PPCPs to be monitored in this coastline. Identification of several PPCPs in the samples was done using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ten PPCPs were successfully quantified in all five rivers, namely caffeine (9.00-560.00 ng/L), acetaminophen (<LOQ-22.24 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (0.30-14.93 ng/L), atenolol (0.12-13.22 ng/L), losartan (0.10-8.42 ng/L), diclofenac (0.76-3.93 ng/L), cocaine (0.05-3.22 ng/L), furosemide (<LOQ-3.16), carbamazepine (0.04-0.50 ng/L) and orphenadrine (<LOQ-0.14 ng/L). From an ecological risk perspective, caffeine, acetaminophen and losartan can be considered as priority PPCPs because they showed low to moderate risks to algae, crustacean and fishes. However, using the PBT approach, carbamazepine and orphenadrine were also classified as priority compounds, followed by furosemide, acetaminophen, cocaine and losartan (all in second position) and caffeine, atenolol, diclofenac and benzoylecgonine (all in third position). This study provides valuable information to reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of the coastal rivers of South America (containing PPCPs and illicit drugs) whose diffuse loads flow continuously into the marine ecosystems. Furthermore, ecotoxicological studies (especially with tropical marine organisms) to assess the long-term toxicity of these bioactive compounds are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Roveri
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 536 - Encruzilhada, 11045-002, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, 11045-040 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walber Toma
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, 11045-040 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Marson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Silva VM, Ricardo IA, V M Starling MC, Amorim CC, Trovó AG. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: Occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155605. [PMID: 35504382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents data regarding the occurrence and treatment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in Brazil in the past decade. The literature review (2011-2021) revealed the detection of 87 pharmaceutical drugs and personal care products, 58 pesticides, 8 hormones, 2 illicit drugs, caffeine and bisphenol A in distinct matrices (i.e.: wastewater, groundwater, sea water, rainwater, surface water, drinking water and hospital effluent). Concentrations of CECs varied from ng-μg L-1 depending on the location, compound and matrix. The inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment methods on the removal of CECs and lack of basic sanitation in some regions in the country aggravates contamination of Brazilian aquatic environments and poses potential environmental and health risks. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are pointed out as viable and efficient alternatives to degrade CECs and prevent environmental contamination. A total of 375 studies involving the use of AOPs in Brazilian aqueous matrices were published in the last decade. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, photo-peroxidation, ozonation, electrochemical advanced oxidation and heterogeneous photocatalysis are some of the AOPs applied by Brazilian research groups. Although many works discuss the importance of applying these technologies for CECs removal in real treatment plants, most of these studies assess the treatment of distilled water or simulated effluent. Therefore, the conduction of studies applying AOPs in real matrices are critical to drive the implementation of these processes coupled to conventional water and wastewater treatment in real plants in order to prevent the contamination of environmental matrices by CECs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo O Marson
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleiseano E S Paniagua
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Gomes Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Valdislaine M Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo A Ricardo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Save University, 0301-01 Chongoene, Gaza, Mozambique
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alam G Trovó
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Montesinos-Vázquez T, Pérez-Silva I, Galán-Vidal CA, Ibarra IS, Rodríguez JA, Páez-Hernández ME. Solution blow spinning polysulfone-Aliquat 336 nanofibers: synthesis, characterization, and application for the extraction and preconcentration of losartan from aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanofibers are materials used in a wide range of applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. As an alternative to the most common method of its manufacturing (electrospinning) blow spinning has been used since it has greater production efficiency and simplicity. A wide variety of polymers is used for its preparation and can be modified to improve the interaction and selectivity toward specific analytes. Thereby nanofibers have been used for the extraction or removal of organic compounds such as drugs but there are still few reports of drug extractions like losartan. In this work polysulfone-Aliquat 336 nanofibers were prepared using the blow spinning method to extract and preconcentrate losartan. The studies showed that Aliquat 336 incorporation significantly improve the extraction of losartan with polysulfone fibers. Adsorption process was thermodynamically favorable with an adsorption capacity of 15.45 mg·g−1. Thus, it was possible to extract more than 92% of initial losartan using 10 mg of polysulfone-Aliquat 336 fibers (9 and 3.5% (w/v)), at pH 6 from deionized water and synthetic wastewater. Finally, losartan preconcentration was evaluated to facilitate its quantification using ultraviolet–visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), which allowed the determination of this drug at concentrations below the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanese Montesinos-Vázquez
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
| | - Irma Pérez-Silva
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Galán-Vidal
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
| | - Israel S. Ibarra
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
| | - José A. Rodríguez
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
| | - M. Elena Páez-Hernández
- Laboratorio 2, Área Académica de Química , Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5 , 42184 Mineral de la Reforma , Hidalgo , Mexico
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16
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Roveri V, Guimarães LL, Toma W, Correia AT. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and cocaine in the urban drainage channels located on the outskirts of the São Vicente Island (São Paulo, Brazil) and related ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57931-57945. [PMID: 35359205 PMCID: PMC8970415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
"Wealth by the sea and poverty away from the sea breeze" is a metaphor that mirrors what happens along the Brazilian coastal zone, namely in São Vicente Island, São Paulo, Brazil. Due to the high cost of the properties on this shore, the impoverished population started to migrate to the northern outskirts of the island (away from the tourist beaches), potentiating the emergence of poor housing conditions, namely stilt-house slums. Consequently, the urban drainage channels across these outskirts neighbourhoods are potentially contaminated by human wastes. In this context, the occurrence and preliminary ecological risk assessment of eleven pharmaceuticals of various therapeutic classes (including cocaine and its primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine) were investigated, for the first time, in five urban drainage channels whose diffuse loads flow continuously to the estuarine waters of São Vicente Island. The results showed the widespread presence of these environmental stressors in all urban channels analysed, namely losartan (7.3-2680.0 ng/L), caffeine (314.0-726.0 ng/L), acetaminophen (7.0-78.2 ng/L), atenolol (6.2-23.6 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (10.2-17.2 ng/L), furosemide (1.0-7.2 ng/L), cocaine (2.3-6.7 ng/L), carbamazepine (0.2-2.6 ng/L), diclofenac (1.1-2.5 ng/L), orphenadrine (0.2-1.1 ng/L) and chlortalidone (0.5-1.0 ng/L). The overall total estimated load of pharmaceuticals and personal care products flowing to the estuarine waters of São Vicente Island is on the order of 41.1 g/day. The ecological risk assessment revealed a great environmental concern for São Vicente Island, ranging between low (e.g. carbamazepine and cocaine) and moderate to high (e.g. caffeine, acetaminophen and losartan) threats for the aquatic biota. Therefore, initiatives promoting basic sanitation, land-use regularisation and population awareness are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Roveri
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 536 - Encruzilhada, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-002, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, Santos, São Paulo, F83A, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Walber Toma
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, Santos, São Paulo, F83A, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Method optimisation and application based on solid phase extraction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiretroviral drugs, and a lipid regulator from coastal areas of Durban, South Africa. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study presents an optimized method that is applicable in monitoring the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a wide range of aquatic environments. The optimised Solid Phase Extraction method is based on Bond Elut Plexa cartridges for the identification and quantification of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, three antiretroviral drugs and a lipid regulator in the coastal area of Durban city, South Africa covering four seasons. The extracted compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively detected by a high-performance liquid phase chromatographic instrument coupled to a photodiode array detector. The recoveries range from 62 to 110% with a Relative Standard Deviation of 0.56−4.68%, respectively, for the determination of emtricitabine, tenofovir, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, efavirenz, and gemfibrozil. The analytical method is validated by spiking estuarine water samples with 5 µg L− 1 of a mixture containing the target pharmaceuticals and the matrix detection limit is established to be 0.62–1.78 µg L− 1 for the target compounds. The optimized method is applied to seasonal monitoring of pharmaceuticals at chosen study sites from winter and spring of 2019 and summer and autumn of 2020. The results indicate the concentration of the pharmaceuticals studied varies with the type of aquatic environment and season.
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18
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Aquatic Pollution and Risks to Biodiversity: The Example of Cocaine Effects on the Ovaries of Anguilla anguilla. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141766. [PMID: 35883315 PMCID: PMC9312106 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution is one of the main causes of the loss of biodiversity, currently one of the most important environmental problems. Important sources of aquatic pollution are illicit drugs, whose presence in waters is closely related to human consumption; their psychoactive properties and biological activity suggest potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, such as aquatic biota. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an environmentally relevant concentration of cocaine (20 ng L−1), an illicit drug widely found in surface waters, on the ovaries of Anguilla anguilla, a species critically endangered and able to accumulate cocaine in its tissues following chronic exposure. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) the morphology of the ovaries; (2) the presence and distribution of enzymes involved in oogenesis; (3) serum cortisol, FSH, and LH levels. The eels exposed to cocaine showed a smaller follicular area and a higher percentage of connective tissue than controls (p < 0.05), as well as many previtellogenic oocytes compared with controls having numerous fully vitellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. In addition, the presence and location of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and P450 aromatase differed in the two groups. Finally, cocaine exposure decreased FSH and LH levels, while it increased cortisol levels. These findings show that even a low environmental concentration of cocaine affects the ovarian morphology and activity of A. anguilla, suggesting a potential impact on reproduction in this species.
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Ortúzar M, Esterhuizen M, Olicón-Hernández DR, González-López J, Aranda E. Pharmaceutical Pollution in Aquatic Environments: A Concise Review of Environmental Impacts and Bioremediation Systems. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869332. [PMID: 35558129 PMCID: PMC9087044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants in the environment, such as pharmaceuticals, is a growing global concern. The excessive use of medication globally, together with the recalcitrance of pharmaceuticals in traditional wastewater treatment systems, has caused these compounds to present a severe environmental problem. In recent years, the increase in their availability, access and use of drugs has caused concentrations in water bodies to rise substantially. Considered as emerging contaminants, pharmaceuticals represent a challenge in the field of environmental remediation; therefore, alternative add-on systems for traditional wastewater treatment plants are continuously being developed to mitigate their impact and reduce their effects on the environment and human health. In this review, we describe the current status and impact of pharmaceutical compounds as emerging contaminants, focusing on their presence in water bodies, and analyzing the development of bioremediation systems, especially mycoremediation, for the removal of these pharmaceutical compounds with a special focus on fungal technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Ortúzar
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany.,University of Manitoba, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darío Rafael Olicón-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús González-López
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Korkmaz NE, Savun-Hekimoğlu B, Aksu A, Burak S, Caglar NB. Occurrence, sources and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152996. [PMID: 35031378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence and spatial distribution of selected eleven pharmaceuticals were investigated in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Samples were collected from different depths of the nine stations in April and October 2019. Pharmaceuticals were analyzed using liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All target pharmaceutical compounds were detected at least once in the study area. Gemfibrozil, which belongs to the lipid regulatory group, was the most frequently detected in seawater at high concentrations (<0.016-9.71 μg/L). Ibuprofen (<0.015-2.13 μg/L) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (<0.010-3.55 μg/L) were identified as the other frequently detected pharmaceuticals. In addition, the presence of these selected compounds in April was higher than in October. According to the risk assessment results, naproxen, diclofenac, clofibric acid, gemfibrozil, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol represent a high risk to aquatic organisms in the Sea of Marmara. These findings underline the importance of continued monitoring of these compounds as relevant organic contaminants in the study area to take appropriate measures to protect the ecosystem and, ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan E Korkmaz
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Başak Savun-Hekimoğlu
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Marine Environment, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aksu
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selmin Burak
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Marine Environment, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Balkis Caglar
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey.
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da Silva LF, Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Pereira CDS, de Souza Abessa DM, Choueri RB, Gusso-Choueri PK, Cesar A. Non-destructive biomarkers can reveal effects of the association of microplastics and pharmaceuticals or personal care products. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113469. [PMID: 35248887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods to assess the effects of contaminants on marine organisms typically involve euthanasia to obtain samples, but less invasive techniques may be more appropriate for working with threatened species. In this study, were assessed the biological responses of crabs exposed to microplastics and contaminants of emerging concern. Biochemical and cellular effects (lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, cholinesterase activity, and lysosomal membrane stability) in hemolymph were analyzed in a kinetic study, at 3 and 7 days, in U. cordatus exposed to microplastics spiked with Triclosan (TCS) or 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2). The results showed that the contaminants were produced toxic effects in the crabs exposed either to the microplastics alone (oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity), or to microplastics with TCS or EE2 adsorbed (neurotoxic and cytotoxic). The present study showed the responsiveness of non-lethal analyzes to understanding the biological effects of combined exposure to microplastics and chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda da Silva
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (CBS-Unifesp), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (CLP-Unesp), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Barbosa Moreno
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (CBS-Unifesp), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (CBS-Unifesp), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University (Unisanta), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (CLP-Unesp), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (CBS-Unifesp), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (CLP-Unesp), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University (Unisanta), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (CBS-Unifesp), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Ojemaye CY, Petrik L. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Marine Environment Around False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa: Occurrence and Risk-Assessment Study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:614-634. [PMID: 33783837 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the marine environment has been increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. The preservation of marine ecosystems as well as the safety of harvested seafood are nowadays a global concern. In the present study, levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were assessed in different environmental compartments in the near-shore marine environment of False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. The study revealed the presence of these persistent chemical compounds in different environmental samples from this location. Diclofenac was the most dominant compound detected, with higher concentration than the other pharmaceutical compounds, as well as being present in almost all the samples from the different sites (seawater, 3.70-4.18 ng/L; sediment, 92.08-171.89 ng/g dry wt; marine invertebrates, 67.67-780.26 ng/g dry wt; seaweed, 101.50-309.11 ng/g dry wt). The accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the different species of organisms reflects the increasing anthropogenic pressure taking place at the sampling sites along the bay, as a result of population growth, resident lifestyle as well as poorly treated sewage effluent discharge from several associated wastewater-treatment plants. The concentration of these contaminants is in the order marine biota > sediments > seawater. The contaminants pose a low acute and chronic risk to the selected trophic levels. A public awareness campaign is needed to reduce the pollution at the source, as well as wastewater discharge limits need to be more stringent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:614-634. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Alves AV, Ferraz MA, Moreno BB, Nobre CR, Antunes RM, Pusceddu FH, Bordon ICDCL, Favaro DIT, Cotrim MEB, Choueri RB. Microscale Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) for interstitial water of estuarine sediments affected by multiple sources of pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10122-10137. [PMID: 34510342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries in the world are affected by different contamination sources related to urbanisation and port/industrial activities. Identifying the substances responsible for the environmental toxicity in estuaries is challenging due to the multitude of stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) is a suitable way of determining causes of toxicity of sediments, but it poses difficulties since its application is labour intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis provided by a TIE based on microscale embryotoxicity tests with interstitial water (IW) to identify toxicants in estuarine sediments affected by multiple stressors. TIE showed toxicity due to different combinations of metals, apolar organic compounds, ammonia and sulphides, depending on the contamination source closest to the sampling station. The microscale TIE was able to discern different toxicants on sites subject to different contamination sources. There is good agreement between the results indicated in the TIE and the chemical analyses in whole sediment, although there are some disagreements, either due to the sensitivity of the test used, or due to the particularities of the use of interstitial water to assess the sediment toxicity. The improvement of TIE methods focused on identifying toxicants in multiple-stressed estuarine areas are crucial to discern contamination sources and subsidise management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Vecchio Alves
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise Ambiental Integrada, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema/Baixada Santista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aliceda Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barbosa Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP), Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante D. Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Medeiros Antunes
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hermes Pusceddu
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-101Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Cristina da Costa Leal Bordon
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Deborah Inês Teixeira Favaro
- IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Centro do Reator de Pesquisa (CRPq), Avenida. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marycel Elena Barbosa Cotrim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Centro de Quimica e Meio Ambiente (CQMA), Avenida. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Vila Belmiro, CEP 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Mello FV, Cunha SC, Fogaça FHS, Alonso MB, Torres JPM, Fernandes JO. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in seafood from two Brazilian coastal areas: Implication for human risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149744. [PMID: 34482147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are considered emerging contaminants with potential accumulation in aquatic organisms. Thus, seafood consumption may cause long-term effects and health risk for consumers. In the present study, the occurrence of PhACs in seafood from two Brazilian coastal areas, Sepetiba Bay (n = 43) and Parnaiba Delta River (n = 48), was determined for the first time, and their potential risk for human health was assessed. An eco-friendly multi-analytes method was used, after being validated for the different types of matrices (mussels, fatty and lean fish). All compounds under study were detected at least in four seafood species, including chloramphenicol, an antibiotic prohibited in animal foods. Most PhACs had mean concentrations below limit of quantification. Ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as simvastatin and carbamazepine were the main PhACs bioaccumulated in edible parts of seafood species from Brazil. The high trophic level carnivorous species, snook, was the most contaminated by NSAIDs, while bivalves were the seafood more contaminated by lipid regulators. The profile of contamination did not vary among different types of matrix, except in relation to carbamazepine and ketoprofen. These PhACs were more abundant in species from Sepetiba Bay, an area highly impacted by human influence. The estimated daily exposure for Brazilian population that consumes the studied species was up to 20.3 ng/kg bw/day via carib pointed-venus and 25.7 ng/kg bw/day via snooks, lower than acceptable daily intake. Thus, consumption of seafood species from Sepetiba Bay and Parnaiba Delta River seems to be safe to the population in what concerns the PhACs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V Mello
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Laboratory of Micropollutants, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology e Hidrology, Facultaty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology e Hidrology, Facultaty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fabíola H S Fogaça
- Laboratory of Bioacessibility, Embrapa Food Agroindustry, Av. das Américas 29501, 23020-470 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Laboratory of Micropollutants, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology e Hidrology, Facultaty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Fontes MK, Dourado PLR, Campos BGD, Maranho LA, Almeida EAD, Abessa DMDS, Pereira CDS. Environmentally realistic concentrations of cocaine in seawater disturbed neuroendrocrine parameters and energy status in the marine mussel Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109198. [PMID: 34601085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) is a powerful illicit drug frequently detected in the aquatic environment. COC acts by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT - serotonin) and causes endocrine disturbances in mammals. This study investigated similar effects from cocaine exposure in the marine mussel Perna perna, as well as neurotoxicity and energy imbalances. Mussels were exposed to COC (0.2 μg.L-1 and 2 μg.L-1) for periods of 48, 96, and 168 h. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured in adductor muscle tissue to determine neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitter levels (DOPA and 5-HT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and energy status (mitrochondrial electron transport, MET, and total lipids, TLP) were evaluated in the mussels' gonads. COC decreased AChE activity in the mussels exposed to 0.2 μg.L-1 and 2 μg.L -1 after 168 h, and all concentrations of COC increased neurotransmitter levels. Increases in MET (0.2 μg.L -1, for all exposure periods) and TLP (0.2 μg.L 1 after 48 h, and 2 μg.L -1 after 96 h and 168 h) were also observed. No significant change was detected in MAO activity. COC also decreased COX activity in the mussels exposed to 0.2 μg.L -1 (48 h and 96 h) and 2 μg.L -1 (96 h). These results suggest that COC may compromise neurotransmitter levels and COX activity. Furthermore, the changes in MET and LPT suggest that COC affects the energy balance of the mussels, and could negatively affect physiological processes such as metabolism, hormone production, and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayana Karoline Fontes
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Priscila Leocadio Rosa Dourado
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de São José do Rio Preto R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, PC 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Galvão de Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departmento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, PC 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Infante Dom Henrique s/n, PC 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, PC 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, PC 11045-907 Santos, Brazil.
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26
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Adjei JK, Dayie AD, Addo JK, Asamoah A, Amoako EO, Egoh BY, Bekoe E, Ofori NO, Adjei GA, Essumang DK. Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and xenoestrogens in the Ghanaian aquatic environments. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1398-1409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Vieira LR, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Caffeine as a contaminant of concern: A review on concentrations and impacts in marine coastal systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131675. [PMID: 34358890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine has been identified as emerging contaminant of concern due to its widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment and potential to be biologically active. Recently, these concerns have been translated in an increasing research on its occurrence and effects on biota. However, there is still a limited knowledge on seawater matrices and the implications of caffeine presence in coastal and marine ecosystems are not fully known. The present review aims to fill these knowledge gaps, analysing the existing literature regarding the occurrence, effects and potential risks of caffeine residues to coastal ecosystems, contributing to the risk assessment of this psychoactive drug in the aquatic environment. The analysed literature reported caffeine concentrations in the coastal ecosystems, raising high concerns about the potential adverse impacts on the ecological safety and human health. Caffeine has been found in tissues from coastal and marine biota including microalgae, coral reefs, bivalves and fish due to bioaccumulation after chronic, long-term exposures in a contaminated environment. Additionally, caffeine residues had been demonstrated to have adverse impacts on aquatic organisms, at environmentally realistic concentrations, inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, neurotoxicity, changing energy reserves and metabolic activity, affecting reproduction and development and, in some cases, causing mortality. Considering the increasing adverse impacts of caffeine pollution in the coastal environment, this review highlights the urgent need to minimize the increasing load of caffeine to the aquatic ecosystems; being imperative the implementation of scientific programs and projects to classify effectively the caffeine as a high-priority environmentally hazardous emerging pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Vieira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Pusceddu FH, Guimarães MM, Lopes LO, Souza LS, Cortez FS, Pereira CDS, Choueri RB, Cesar A. Biological effects of the antihypertensive losartan under different ocean acidification scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118329. [PMID: 34634406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues in the marine environment, especially those of the antihypertensive class, such as losartan. However, there is little knowledge about the physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates regarding its behavior under possible coastal ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological effects on marine organisms at different levels of the biological organization caused by the compound losartan in water and sediment under coastal ocean acidification scenarios. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and two sites around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was found in concentrations ranging from <LOD to 7.63 ng/L in water and from <LOQ to 3.10 ng/g in sediments. Statistical analysis showed interactive effects pH and losartan on the toxicity results. The water toxicity test with Echinometra lucunter embryos/larvae showed LOECs 50-100 mg/L, with values decreasing as the pH decreased. In the sediment assays, LOEC value for sea urchin embryo-larval development was 1.0 μg/g for all tested pHs. Regarding the lysosomal membrane stability assays with adult bivalves, a LOEC of 3000 ng/L was found for Perna perna in water exposure (both at pH 8.0 and 7.6). Effects for Mytella guyanensis were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment (LOEC = 3 ng/g at pH 8.0 and 7.6). This study demonstrated that coastal ocean acidification by itself causes effects on marine invertebrates, but can also increase the negative effects of losartan in waterborne exposure. There is a need to deepen the studies on the ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical residues and acidification of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Pusceddu
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Guimarães
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L O Lopes
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L S Souza
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Cortez
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C D S Pereira
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R B Choueri
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Cesar
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Chaves MDJS, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Emerging contaminants in Brazilian aquatic environment: identifying targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67528-67543. [PMID: 34258704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown the presence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in the Brazilian environment in recent decades, several biological effects on the aquatic ecosystem are unknown. Brazil is the fifth largest country in extension in the world, and its wide territory presents geographic regions with diverse demographic and economic characteristics. In order to identify targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk, available data from previous studies were examined to conduct environmental risk analysis and provide a ranking of CECs in Brazilian aquatic environment based on environmental concentration measured in the last 10 years. The results indicate that 17α-ethynylestradiol, 17ß-estradiol, acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, methylparaben, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan are the CECs that represent the greatest threats to the Brazilian environment. Therefore, these contaminants should be considered as a priority in future monitoring studies. Besides, identification of target monitoring compounds can facilitate the selection of pollutant candidates in future legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa de Jesus Silva Chaves
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
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30
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Roveri V, Guimarães LL, Toma W, Correia AT. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and cocaine in the urban drainage channels of Santos beaches (São Paulo, Brazil): a neglected, but sensitive issue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65595-65609. [PMID: 34322794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In some Brazilian coastal cities, it is common to observe 'black tongues' in beaches, i.e. a mixture of urban runoff and untreated domestic sewage containing pollutants of emerging concern, namely pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), flowing into the South Atlantic Ocean. Such diffuse loads of pollutants might expose nontarget aquatic organisms to harmful compounds. In this work, the occurrence and preliminary ecological risk of 27 PPCPs of various therapeutic classes (including cocaine and its primary metabolite, benzoylecgonine) were investigated, for the first time, in seven urban drainage channels whose diffuse loads flow continuously to the beaches of Santos Bay, São Paulo, Brazil. Of these, 21 compounds were detected using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and nine of them were consistently quantified in all urban channels of Santos, suggesting that those pollutants are ubiquitous in this region: caffeine (143.4-516.0 ng/L), losartan (4.2-21.8 ng/L), atenolol (1.1-18.2 ng/L), acetaminophen (1.5-13.8 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (1.0-4.8 ng/L), carbamazepine (1.1-4.0 ng/L), diclofenac (1.9-3.5 ng/L), cocaine (0.5-1.7 ng/L), and orphenadrine (0.1-0.8 ng/L). Moreover, twelve compounds were found below the limit of quantification ( <LOQ): citalopram, propranolol, diazepam, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, midazolam, ranitidine, chlortalidone, clopidogrel, chlorpheniramine, enalapril and valsartan. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of midazolam, ranitidine and chlorpheniramine in surface waters in Latin America and, therefore, these compounds should be considered environmental warning signs. A preliminary ecological risk assessment revealed that caffeine, acetaminophen and losartan presented a moderate risk, and carbamazepine a low risk to sensitive aquatic organisms at maximum measured concentrations. This study provides valuable information to reinforce the importance of a continuous monitoring of the diffuse loads (containing PPCPs and illicit drugs) flowing to the coastal zones in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Roveri
- Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCT-UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 536 - Encruzilhada, 11045-002, Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, 11045-040 Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Walber Toma
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, 11045-040 Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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da Silva Souza L, Bonnail E, Maranho LA, Pusceddu FH, Cortez FS, Cesar A, Ribeiro DA, Riba I, de Souza Abessa DM, DelValls Á, Pereira CDS. Sub-lethal combined effects of illicit drug and decreased pH on marine mussels: A short-time exposure to crack cocaine in CO 2 enrichment scenarios. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112735. [PMID: 34303056 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing CO2-concentrations in the atmosphere promote ocean acidification. Seawater chemistry changes interact with contaminants, such as illicit drugs in the coastal zones. This work evaluates impacts of pH decrease and crack-cocaine exposure on the commercial mussel Perna perna through biomarker responses (lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, and DNA strand breaks). The organisms were exposed to different crack-cocaine concentrations (0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg L-1) combined with different pH values (8.3, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, and 6.0) for 96 h. Crack-cocaine in the different acidification scenarios triggered cyto-genotoxicity, which affected the overall health of mussels exposed to cocaine environmentally relevant concentration. This study produced the first data on biomarker responses associated with CO2-induced acidification and illicit drugs (crack-cocaine) in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena da Silva Souza
- Department of Physico-Chemistry, Aquatic Systems Research Group, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCop, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Estefanía Bonnail
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hermes Pusceddu
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sanzi Cortez
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil; Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Inmaculada Riba
- Department of Physico-Chemistry, Aquatic Systems Research Group, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCop, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Denis M de Souza Abessa
- Study Center on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Paulista State University (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ángel DelValls
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil; Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Reque R, Carneiro RD, Yamamoto FY, Ramsdorf WA, Martins LR, Guiloski IC, de Freitas AM. Ecotoxicity of losartan potassium in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103727. [PMID: 34454063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of the antihypertensive losartan potassium (LOS) has culminated in its high occurrence in aquatic environments. However, insufficient studies had investigated its effects in non-target organisms. In this study, ecotoxicity of LOS was assessed in aquatic organisms from distinct trophic levels (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna, and Astyanax altiparanae). Genotoxicity was assessed by the comet assay in D. magna and A. altiparanae, and biochemical biomarkers for the fish. LOS was more toxic to D. subspicatus (EC50(72h) = 27.93 mg L-1) than D. magna (EC50 = 303.69 mg L-1). Subsequently, this drug showed to induce more DNA damage in D. magna than A. altiparanae, when exposed to 2.5 mg L-1. No significant stress responses were observed by the fish biomarkers, suggesting that higher trophic levels organisms are more tolerant to LOS toxicity. LOS showed relatively low toxic potential for a short period of exposure, but with different patterns of toxicity for the organisms from distinct trophic levels, contributing to further risk assessment of LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Reque
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Dayane Carneiro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Algarte Ramsdorf
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucia Regina Martins
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Martins de Freitas
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Ramos B, Silva AOG, Teixeira ACSC. Immobilization of ZnO nanoparticles onto glass spheres: effects of annealing temperature, zinc oxide concentration, and number of coating rounds on the photocatalytic activity under visible light. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Koagouw W, Stewart NA, Ciocan C. Long-term exposure of marine mussels to paracetamol: is time a healer or a killer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48823-48836. [PMID: 33928507 PMCID: PMC8084691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals pose a major threat to the marine environment, and several studies have recently described their negative effects on marine organisms. Pharmaceutical compounds are constantly being released into aquatic ecosystems, and chronic exposure, even at low concentrations, may have a major impact on marine organisms. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological changes induced by one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals-paracetamol-in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, after a long-term exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations. We present our data alongside and in comparison with results from a previous short-term exposure, to demonstrate the significance of exposure period on the effects of paracetamol in adult blue mussels. After 24 days of laboratory exposure, seven potential target genes were selected to examine toxicological effects in mussels' gonads and possible disruptive effects on reproductive processes. The results show the modulation of some important reproduction-related genes: estrogen receptor-2 (ER2), vitelline envelope zona pellucida domain-9 (V9), and vitellogenin (VTG). Variations in mRNA expression of four other genes involved in apoptosis (HSP70, CASP8, BCL2, and FAS) are also highlighted. Histopathological alterations caused by paracetamol, together with neutral red retention time response in mussels' hemocytes, are presented herein. Overall, this study highlights the exacerbated effects of low concentration of paracetamol after chronic exposure, similar to the damage induced by higher concentrations in a short exposure scenario, thus emphasizing the importance of length of exposure period when studying the effects of this substance. Additionally, this study also discusses the potential of paracetamol to inflict several major changes in the reproductive system of mussels and thus possibly affect the survival of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Koagouw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nicolas A. Stewart
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Corina Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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Chen L, Guo C, Sun Z, Xu J. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and toxicological effect of drugs of abuse in aquatic ecosystem: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111362. [PMID: 34048744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are a group of emerging contaminants. As the prevalence of manufacture and consumption, there is a growing global environmental burden and ecological risk from the continuous release of these contaminants into environment. The widespread occurrence of drugs of abuse in waste wasters and surface waters is due to the incomplete removal through traditional wastewater treatment plants in different regions around the world. Although their environmental concentrations are not very high, they can potentially influence the aquatic organisms and ecosystem function. This paper reviews the occurrence of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in waste waters and surface waters, their bioaccumulation in aquatic plants, fishes and benthic organisms and even top predators, and the toxicological effects such as genotoxic effect, cytotoxic effect and even behavioral effect on aquatic organisms. In summary, drugs of abuse occur widely in aquatic environment, and may exert adverse impact on aquatic organisms at molecular, cellular or individual level, and even on aquatic ecosystem. It necessitates the monitoring and risk assessment of these compounds on diverse aquatic organisms in the further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Jiangsu Rainfine Environmental Science and Technology Co.,Ltd, Henan Branch Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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36
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Koagouw W, Arifin Z, Olivier GWJ, Ciocan C. High concentrations of paracetamol in effluent dominated waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112558. [PMID: 34102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of several aquatic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, were investigated in seawater samples collected from effluent-dominated sites in Indonesia: 4 sites in Jakarta Bay and one on the north coast of Central Java. The data presented in this preliminary study provide a snapshot of seawater quality in these areas. Results show that nutrient parameters exceeded the Indonesian Standard Quality of Seawater limits, and some metals were also present. Interestingly, high concentrations of paracetamol were detected at Angke (610 ng/L) and Ancol (420 ng/L), both in Jakarta Bay. To date, this is the first study to report the presence of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the coastal waters around Indonesia. The high concentrations detected, compared to other levels reported in scientific literature, raise concerns about the environmental risks associated with long-term exposure and, especially, the impact on nearby shellfish farms. Given pharmaceuticals' consideration as emerging contaminants, these data suggest further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Koagouw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, United Kingdom; Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, United Kingdom; Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Zainal Arifin
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - George W J Olivier
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, United Kingdom.
| | - Corina Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, United Kingdom; Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Oni BA, Sanni SE, Dahunsi SO, Egere BC. Decaffeination of wastewater using activated carbon produced from velvet tamarind-pericarp ( Dialium Guineense). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:394-408. [PMID: 34282953 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of caffeine from an aqueous solution was carried out using Velvet Tamarind-Pericarp, activated with H3PO4. The adsorbent was characterized using a scanning-electron microscope and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Parameters such as activating agent concentration (80 wt.% in 100 mL solution), initial caffeine concentration of 5-40 g/L, pH of 0-14, and residence time 0-90 minutes, were investigated. Improved adsorptive capacities were seen at increased acid concentrations, with the highest removal rate obtained at a pH of 6. The highest residence time and adsorbent concentrations were obtained at 40 min and 10 g/L. The surface adsorption of the adsorbent obeyed the Langmuir Isotherm, while the regression coefficients conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the remediation of caffeine with DG-AC. The highest amount of caffeine removed per gram DG is 72.60 mg.g-1. From the thermodynamic study, the caffeine adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, entropy-driven, and endothermic. These data show that the use of DG-AC can be a good alternative to other expensive methods for caffeine remediation. The Pseudo - first/second-order kinetic results gave R2 values of 0.95 and 0.99, other parameters such as entropy (ΔS°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) are 0.06 (kJmolK) and (19.21) (kJmolK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalola Aisosa Oni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing City, China
| | | | - Samuel Olatunde Dahunsi
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8070095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chemical substances have the potential to enter the coastal and marine environment and cause adverse effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and human health. For a large majority of them, their fate and effects are poorly understood as well as their use still unregulated. Finding effective and sustainable strategies for the identification of these emerging and/or anthropogenic contaminants that might cause polluting effects in marine environments to mitigate their adverse effects, is of utmost importance and a great challenge for managers, regulators and researchers. In this review we will evaluate the impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) on marine coastal zones namely in their ecosystems and biodiversity, highlighting the potential risks of organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Emerging microextraction techniques and high-resolution analytical platforms used in isolation, identification and quantification of ECs will be also reviewed.
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Capparelli MV, Cipriani-Avila I, Jara-Negrete E, Acosta-López S, Acosta B, Pérez-González A, Molinero J, Pinos-Vélez V. Emerging Contaminants in the Northeast Andean Foothills of Amazonia: The Case of Study of the City of Tena, Napo, Ecuador. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:2-10. [PMID: 34105022 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work is a study on the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the northeast Ecuadorian Amazon. Emerging contaminants (ECs)-caffeine, triclosan, estradiol, acetaminophen, nicotine, and ibuprofen-were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in rivers and streams of the Amazon basin near the city of Tena, Ecuador. For that, a total of 16 natural water samples were taken in 8 locations. Sampling sites included areas impacted by discharges from inefficient sewage networks in urban areas, wastes from fish farming and non-functional landfill, a stream with few threats, tap water, and treated sewage. Caffeine was found in the 38% of the samples studied while trimethoprim and acetaminophen had an occurrence of 13%. Caffeine was detected at two sites receiving untreated sewage and one site receiving treated sewage with mean concentrations that ranged between 19 and 31.5 μg L-1. Acetaminophen (50.4 μg L-1) and trimethoprim (2 μg L-1) were only detected in the river receiving treated sewage effluent. This is the first assessment of emerging contaminants in the upper Ecuadorian Amazon basin, and our observations highlight the need for better sewage treatment and water quality monitoring in Amazonian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Capparelli
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | | | - Eliza Jara-Negrete
- Escuela de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sofía Acosta-López
- Escuela de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Andrés Pérez-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Quimiometría y QSAR, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jon Molinero
- Escuela de Gestión Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Veronica Pinos-Vélez
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.
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Degradation mechanism of losartan in aqueous solutions under the effect of gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Quadra GR, Li Z, Silva PSA, Barros N, Roland F, Sobek A. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Micropollutants in a Brazilian Urban River. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:142-154. [PMID: 33999217 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, environmental occurrence of micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, is rarely studied, and these compounds are not part of national water quality guidelines. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of micropollutants in the Paraibuna River, located in the southeast region of Brazil, which is the most populated region of the country. Surface water samples were taken every 3 months for 1.5 years at four different sites downstream the city of Juiz de Fora. A total of 28 compounds were analyzed on an UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS using a direct injection method. Nine substances were found in at least one water sample, with concentrations ranging from 11 to 4471 ng L-1. The micropollutants found in the river were not detected at the reference site upstream of the city, except for caffeine, which was present at low concentrations in the reference site. Additionally, a nontarget screening of the river samples was applied, which resulted in the identification of 116 chemicals, most of which were pharmaceuticals. Concentrations of most of the micropollutants varied with season and correlated significantly with rainfall events, which caused dilution in the river. The highest observed concentrations were for pharmaceuticals used for treating chronic diseases, such as metformin, which is used to treat diabetes, and were among the most consumed in Juiz de Fora during the study period. Moderate ecotoxicological risks were found for metformin, oxazepam, triclosan, and tramadol. Considering the complex mixture of micropollutants in the environment, more knowledge is needed to elucidate their ecological risk in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rabelo Quadra
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106-91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nathan Barros
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Roland
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106-91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu L, Aljathelah NM, Hassan H, Giraldes BW, Leitão A, Bayen S. Targeted and suspect screening of contaminants in coastal water and sediment samples in Qatar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145043. [PMID: 33609843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined with separation techniques has allowed comprehensive analysis of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as well as their metabolites and transformation products in various environmental samples via retrospective screening. However, to date, only a few suspect or non-targeted studies on the occurrence of CECs in marine aquatic system are reported. In this study, two methods, based on direct injection for seawater, or ultrasound-assisted extraction for sediments, followed by LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis were developed and applied for the simultaneous targeted and screening of contaminants in coastal samples (seawater, particulates and sediment) from Qatar collected in 2017-2018. Among the twenty-one target analytes (pesticides, PPCPs and a plasticizer), two compounds only were detected in seawater. Caffeine was detected in seawater samples at all sampling sites, and cotinine was detected in seawater samples collected in Umm Bab in 2018 and seawaters receiving stormwater. Traces of trimethoprim and carbamazepine were detected in sediment samples collected at four sites in 2017. These results suggest some inputs of domestic wastewater in the coastal waters in Qatar. In total, twelve molecular features were tentatively identified from suspect screening at concentration levels significantly higher than that in procedure blanks. The presence of four plasticizers and one pesticide were further confirmed using reference standards: diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and tributyl phosphate (TBP) in seawater samples; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in sediment and particulate samples; and dinoterb in seawater after storm event and particulate samples. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of high resolution LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for combined targeted and non-targeted analyses of trace contaminants in marine systems over a broad range of log P values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Canada
| | | | - Hassan Hassan
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Canada.
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Abstract
In the present study, the removal of valsartan (VLS), an antihypertensive agent, under simulated solar radiation with the use of molybdenum sulfide-bismuth oxychloride composites (MoS2/BiOCl), of variable MoS2 content (0.1–10.0 wt.%) was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the photocatalysts were examined by XRD, DRS, BET and TEM/HRTEM. Preliminary tests were conducted to examine the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized MoS2/BiOCl composites towards VLS degradation in ultrapure water (UPW). It was found that the activity of pure BiOCl is improved with the addition of MoS2. The degradation rate was maximized with the use of the catalyst containing 0.25 wt.% MoS2. It was also found that the increase in catalyst concentration (50–1000 mg/L) enhances VLS degradation. It was found that VLS removal decreased by increasing VLS concentration. The effect of the water matrix on VLS removal was studied by carrying out experiments in real and synthetic water matrices. VLS degradation in UPW was faster than in bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW), mainly due to the existence of organic matter in real aqueous media. Lastly, 0.25 wt.% MoS2/BiOCl showed great stability after 360 min of irradiation, serving as a promising catalyst for water remediation of emerging contaminants under solar irradiation.
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Petras D, Minich JJ, Cancelada LB, Torres RR, Kunselman E, Wang M, White ME, Allen EE, Prather KA, Aluwihare LI, Dorrestein PC. Non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry enables the visualization of organic matter chemotype shifts in coastal seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129450. [PMID: 33460888 PMCID: PMC7969459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization along coastlines alters marine ecosystems including contributing molecules of anthropogenic origin to the coastal dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool. A broad assessment of the nature and extent of anthropogenic impacts on coastal ecosystems is urgently needed to inform regulatory guidelines and ecosystem management. Recently, non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry approaches are gaining momentum for the analysis of global organic matter composition (chemotypes) including a wide array of natural and anthropogenic compounds. In line with these efforts, we developed a non-targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflow that utilizes advanced data analysis approaches such as feature-based molecular networking and repository-scale spectrum searches. This workflow allows the scalable comparison and mapping of seawater chemotypes from large-scale spatial surveys as well as molecular family level annotation of unknown compounds. As a case study, we visualized organic matter chemotype shifts in coastal environments in northern San Diego, USA, after notable rain fall in winter 2017/2018 and highlight potential anthropogenic impacts. The observed seawater chemotype, consisting of 4384 LC-MS/MS features, shifted significantly after a major rain event. Molecular drivers of this shift could be attributed to multiple anthropogenic compounds, including pesticides (Imazapyr and Isoxaben), cleaning products (Benzyl-tetradecyl-dimethylammonium) and chemical additives (Hexa (methoxymethyl)melamine) and potential degradation products. By expanding the search of identified xenobiotics to other public tandem mass spectrometry datasets, we further contextualized their possible origin and show their importance in other ecosystems. The mass spectrometry and data analysis pipelines applied here offer a scalable framework for future molecular mapping and monitoring of marine ecosystems, which will contribute to a deliberate assessment of how chemical pollution impacts our oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petras
- University of California San Diego, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA; University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA.
| | - Jeremiah J Minich
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA
| | - Lucia B Cancelada
- University of California San Diego, Department of Chemistry, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ralph R Torres
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA
| | - Emily Kunselman
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- University of California San Diego, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA
| | - Margot E White
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA; University of California San Diego, Center for Microbiome Innovation, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Chemistry, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA
| | - Lihini I Aluwihare
- University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- University of California San Diego, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Chemistry, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, USA
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Martini GDA, Montagner CC, Viveiros W, Quinaglia GA, França DD, Munin NCG, Lopes-Ferreira M, Rogero SO, Rogero JR. Emerging contaminant occurrence and toxic effects on zebrafish embryos to assess the adverse effects caused by mixtures of substances in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20313-20329. [PMID: 33405144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been receiving global attention due to their worldwide presence in water bodies. The CECs could be originated from synthetic or natural sources, and they are not commonly monitored, although these substances are continuously reaching the aquatic environment. The main goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of some target CECs in São Paulo state surface water, once there is practically no information on the presence and concentration range of these substances at the studied sites. In addition, the present study aimed to assess adverse effects in the non-target fish embryo of Danio rerio (zebrafish) after exposure to surface water organic extract samples during 96 h using FET test. The CECs in surface water samples were determined by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled by mass spectrometry. A 2-year study was assessed in 7 rivers and 3 reservoirs at São Paulo state, where 25 of the 30 analyzed substances were quantified, being caffeine the substance with the highest concentration range (5.5 ng L-1 to 69 μg L-1) and detected in 95% of analyzed samples, followed by bisphenol A (6.5-1300 ng L-1) and carbendazim (4.7-285 ng L-1), found in 50% and 85% of the analyzed samples, respectively. The chemical analysis and biological test were not performed in order to show a direct relationship between concentrations and observed effects on embryos; however, the combined approach can provide a better understanding of the adverse effects caused by mixtures of substances at relevant environmental concentrations. Regarding the adverse effects, it was observed that in the samples from sites with higher anthropogenic activity in the surroundings, there was also a higher mortality rate in organisms. At the Ribeirão Pires River and Sapucaí-Guaçu River, the mortality rate during the 2-year study was 21.6% and 9.3%, respectively. The morphological abnormality rates were higher at Ribeirão Grande (21.4%) and Ribeirão Pires (29.5%) Rivers. The obtained results aim to show that even in low concentrations (ng-μg L-1) the CECs can cause adverse effects on non-target species, and because of that, new chemical indicators would be important to monitor the water quality and protect the aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela de Assis Martini
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nívea Cristina Guedes Munin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Sizue Ota Rogero
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Rogero
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza RC, Godoy AA, Kummrow F, Dos Santos TL, Brandão CJ, Pinto E. Occurrence of caffeine, fluoxetine, bezafibrate and levothyroxine in surface freshwater of São Paulo State (Brazil) and risk assessment for aquatic life protection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20751-20761. [PMID: 33410054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prioritization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for monitoring programmes and/or environmental risk assessment (ERA) purposes is based on several criteria, including environmental occurrence data. However, data on API occurrence in Brazilian surface freshwaters are still scarce. The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) provides several medicines free-of-charge, including medications that have bezafibrate, fluoxetine and levothyroxine as the API. Thus, our objective was to investigate the occurrence of bezafibrate, fluoxetine and levothyroxine in samples collected at sampling sites included in the surface freshwater monitoring program of the São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB); caffeine was also included in the analysis because it is commonly used as an anthropogenic marker of aquatic environment contamination. Monitoring results showed that levothyroxine was not found in any of the analysed samples. Caffeine was ubiquitous in the analysed samples, thus indicating anthropic contamination in the studied water bodies. Caffeine and bezafibrate presented risk quotient (RQ) < 1 for all the sampling sites and periods evaluated in this study. For fluoxetine, RQs > 1 were found in all water samples in which this API was found, indicating a potential risk for freshwater pelagic biota. Thus, fluoxetine should be regulated in São Paulo State in order to protect the aquatic biota. Additional occurrence studies in other Brazilian states are still needed to evaluate if fluoxetine is a nationwide pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cardoso de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrade Godoy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil
| | - Fábio Kummrow
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Thyago Leandro Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jesus Brandão
- Environmental Company of State of São Paulo (CETESB), Av. Professor Frederico Hermann Júnior, 345, Alto de Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Roveri V, Guimarães LL, Toma W, Correia AT. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and cocaine around the coastal submarine sewage outfall in Guarujá, São Paulo State, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11384-11400. [PMID: 33123891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen and quantify 23 pharmaceutical compounds (including illicit drugs), at two sampling points near the diffusers of the Guarujá submarine outfall, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected in triplicate during the high (January 2018) and low (April 2018) seasons at two different water column depths (surface and bottom). A total of 10 compounds were detected using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeine (42.3-141.0 ng/L), diclofenac (3.6-85.7 ng/L), valsartan (4.7-14.3 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (0.3-1.7 ng/L), and cocaine (0.3-0.6 ng/L) were frequently detected (75% occurrence). Orphenadrine (0.6-3.0 ng/L) and atenolol (0.1-0.3 ng/L), and acetaminophen (1.2-1.4 ng/L) and losartan (0.7-3.4 ng/L), were detected in 50% and 25% of the samples, respectively. Only one sample (12.5%) detected the presence of carbamazepine (< 0.001-0.1 ng/L). Unexpectedly a lower frequency of occurrence and concentration of these compounds occurred during the summer season, suggesting that other factors, such as the oceanographic and hydrodynamic regimes of the study area, besides the population rise, should be taken into account. Caffeine presented concentrations above the surface water safety limits (0.01 μg/L). For almost all compounds, the observed concentrations indicate nonenvironmental risk for the aquatic biota, except for caffeine, diclofenac, and acetaminophen that showed low to moderate ecological risk for the three trophic levels tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Roveri
- Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Avenida Conselheiro Nébias, 536, Encruzilhada, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-002, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Walber Toma
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Rua Cesário Mota 8, F83A, Santos, São Paulo, 11045-040, Brazil
| | - Alberto Teodorico Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Fontes MK, de Campos BG, Cortez FS, Pusceddu FH, Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Lebre DT, Maranho LA, Pereira CDS. Mussels get higher: A study on the occurrence of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in seawater, sediment and mussels from a subtropical ecosystem (Santos Bay, Brazil). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143808. [PMID: 33288268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Data on the occurrence of cocaine (COC) and benzoylecgonine (BE) in marine environmental compartments are still limited, with few studies reporting superficial water contamination, mainly in tropical zones. In this sense, environmental data of these substances are essential to identify potential polluting sources, as well as their impact in costal ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of COC and BE in seawater, sediment and mussels from a subtropical coastal zone (Santos Bay, São Paulo, Brazil), as well as to determine a field measured Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF). COC and BE were detected in all water samples in concentrations ranging from 1.91 ng·L-1 to 12.52 ng·L-1 and 9.88 ng·L-1 to 28.53 ng·L-1, respectively. In sediments, only COC was quantified in concentrations ranging from 0.94 ng·g-1 to 46.85 ng·g-1. Similarly, only COC was detected in tissues of mussels 0.914 μg·kg-1 to 4.58 μg·kg-1 (ww). The field-measured BAF ranged from 163 to 1454 (L·kg-1). Our results pointed out a widespread contamination by cocaine and its main human metabolite benzoylecgonine in Santos Bay. Mussels were able to accumulate COC in areas used by residents and tourists for bathing, fishing, and harvest, denoting concern to human health. Therefore, our data can be considered a preliminary assessment, which indicates the need to evaluate drugs (including illicit as COC) in environmental and seafood monitoring programs, in order to understand their risks on the ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayana Karoline Fontes
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Bruno Galvão de Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sanzi Cortez
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hermes Pusceddu
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barbosa Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil
| | - Daniel Temponi Lebre
- CEMSA - Centro de Espectrometria de Massas Aplicada, CIETEC/IPEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil.
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49
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Dos Anjos Rosário B, de Fátima Santana de Nazaré M, Lemes JA, de Andrade JS, da Silva RB, Pereira CDS, Ribeiro DA, de Barros Viana M. Repeated crack cocaine administration alters panic-related responses and delta FosB immunoreactivity in panic-modulating brain regions. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1179-1191. [PMID: 33569614 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine, produced by adding sodium bicarbonate to cocaine base paste. Brazil is the largest consumer of crack cocaine in the world. Users of crack cocaine show important physiological and behavioral alterations, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety-related symptoms. Nevertheless, few pre-clinical studies have been previously performed to understand the neurobiological effects of crack cocaine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of the subchronic treatment (5 days, IP) of rats with crack cocaine in an animal model of anxiety/panic, the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM model allows the measurement of two behavioral defensive responses, avoidance and escape, in clinical terms, respectively, associated to generalized anxiety and panic disorder, the two main psychiatric conditions that accompany substance use disorders. Immediately after the ETM model, animals were tested in an open field for locomotor activity assessment. Analysis of delta FosB protein immunoreactivity was used to map areas activated by crack cocaine exposure. Results showed that crack treatment selectively altered escape displayed by rats in the ETM test, inducing either a panicolytic (18 mg/kg IP) or a panicogenic-like effect (25 and 36 mg/kg IP). These effects were followed by the altered functioning of panic-modulating brain regions, i.e., the periaqueductal gray and the dorsal region and lateral wings of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Treatment with 36 mg/kg of crack cocaine also increased locomotor activity. These are the first observations performed with crack cocaine in a rodent model of anxiety/panic and contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral and neurobiological effects of crack cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jéssica Alves Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Simões de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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50
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Wang J, Li S, Zhu Y, Guo J, Liu J, He B. Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance as an optimized management strategy for adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103565. [PMID: 33321209 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
From a perspective of drug administration, eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) has been proposed as a new approach to prevent the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical emerging contaminants. However, it is impracticable to practice unitary and rigor EPV process for all the pharmaceutical substances with complex and diversified chemical, biological or toxicological properties. We proposed the "targeted EPV" that is the science and activities associated with the targeted detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of high-priority hazardous pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially focusing on the control of main anthropogenic sources of pharmaceutical emission among key stakeholders in high-risk areas could be used as an optimized management strategy for pharmaceutical pollution. "Targeted EPV" implementation should focus on the targeted monitoring of the occurrence of high-priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, the targeted reporting of over-standard discharge, the targeted management for main emission sources, the targeted legislation and researches on high-priority pharmaceutical pollutants, as well as the targeted educational strategies for specific key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Hubei Province Women and Children Hospital, Wuhan, China.
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