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Luglio DG, Kleeman MJ, Yu X, Lin JC, Chow T, Martinez MP, Chen Z, Chen JC, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann F, McConnell R, Xiang AH, Rahman MM. Prenatal Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particulate Matter and Autism Spectrum Disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39392704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, associations between prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 9 sources and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed in a population-based retrospective pregnancy cohort in southern California. The cohort included 318,750 mother-child singleton pairs. ASD cases (N = 4559) were identified by ICD codes. Source-specific PM2.5 concentrations were estimated from a chemical transport model with a 4 × 4 km2 resolution and assigned to maternal pregnancy residential addresses. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of ASD development for each individual source. We also adjusted for total PM2.5 mass and in a separate model for all other sources simultaneously. Increased ASD risk was observed with on-road gasoline (HR [CI]: 1.18 [1.13, 1.24]), off-road gasoline (1.15 [1.12, 1.19]), off-road diesel (1.08 [1.05, 1.10]), food cooking (1.05 [1.02, 1.08]), aircraft (1.04 [1.01, 1.06]), and natural gas combustion (1.09 [1.06, 1.11]), each scaled to standard deviation increases in concentration. On-road gasoline and off-road gasoline were robust for other pollutant groups. PM2.5 emitted from different sources may have different impacts on ASD. The results also identify PM source mixtures for toxicological investigations that may provide evidence for future public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Luglio
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Sandrah Proctor Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Shen J, Wang L, Zhang W, Gong X, Li S, Zou X, Chen C, Xia R, Zhang D, Xu S, Xu J, Wang S, Jiang Y, Sun H, Wang C, Wang SL. Effects of Naphtho[2,1- a]pyrene Exposure on CYP1A1 Expression: An in Vivo and in Vitro Mechanistic Study Exploring the Role of m6A Posttranscriptional Modification. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:87003. [PMID: 39133094 PMCID: PMC11318572 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, many emerging polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found to be widely present in the environment. However, little has been reported about their toxicity, particularly in relation to CYP1A1. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the toxicity of naphtho[2,1-a]pyrene (N21aP) and elucidate the mechanism underlying N21aP-induced expression of CYP1A1. METHODS The concentration and sources of N21aP were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and diagnostic ratio analysis. Then the effects of CYP1A1 on the toxicity of N21aP were conducted in male wild-type (WT) and Cyp1a1 knockout mice exposed to N21aP (0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg / kg ) through intratracheal instillation. Further, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway was examined through luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A ) modification levels were measured on global RNA and specifically on CYP1A1 mRNA using dot blotting and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP qRT-PCR), with validation by m 6 A inhibitors, DAA and SAH. m 6 A sites on CYP1A1 were identified by bioinformatics and luciferase assays, and CYP1A1 mRNA's interaction with IGF2BP3 was confirmed by RNA pull-down, luciferase, and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS N21aP was of the same environmental origin as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) but was more stably present in the environment. N21aP could be metabolically activated by CYP1A1 to produce epoxides, causing DNA damage and further leading to lung inflammation. Importantly, in addition to the classical AhR pathway (i.e., BaP), N21aP also induced CYP1A1 expression with a posttranscriptional modification of m 6 A in CYP1A1 mRNA via the METTL14-IGF2BP3-CYP1A1 axis. Specifically, in the two recognition sites of METTL14 on the CYP1A1 mRNA transcript (position at 2700 and 5218), a methylation site (position at 5218) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) was recognized by IGF2BP3, enhanced the stability of CYP1A1 mRNA, and finally resulted in an increase in CYP1A1 expression. DISCUSSION This study systematically demonstrated that in addition to AhR-mediated transcriptional regulation, N21aP, had a new additional mechanism of m 6 A -mediated posttranscriptional modification, jointly contributing to CYP1A1 expression. Given that PAHs are the metabolic substrates of CYP1A1, this study not only helps to understand the significance of environment-genetic interactions for the toxicity of PAHs but also helps to better understand the health risks of the emerging PAHs at environmental exposure levels. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Gong
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuyan Zou
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaozhuo Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyue Jiang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu H, Wang G, Zhang J, Lu B, Li D, Chen J. Inhalation of diesel exhaust particulate matter accelerates weight gain via regulation of hypothalamic appetite-related genes and gut microbiota metabolism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133570. [PMID: 38309172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mice exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) exhibited accelerated weight gain. Several hypothalamic genes, hormones (serum Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hormones and gastrointestinal peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)), metabolites (intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)), and gut microbiota structure, which may influence obesity and appetite regulation, were examined. The result suggested that DEPM-induced accelerated weight gain may be associated with increased expression of hypothalamic Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor, tight junction protein, and orexin receptors, in addition with decreased IHTG and repressed HPA axis. Moreover, changes in the structure of intestinal microbiota are also related to weight changes, especially for phylum Firmicutes, genus Lactobacillus, and the ratio of relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B). DEPM exposure also caused widespread increase in the levels of intestinal SCFAs, the concentrations of propionic acid and isobutyric acid were associated with weight gain rate and the abundance of some bacteria. Although DEPM exposure caused changes in expression of hypothalamic serotonin, NPY, and melanocortin receptors, they were not associated with weight changes. Furthermore, no significant difference in gastrointestinal PYY and expression of hypothalamic receptors for leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors was observed between DEPM-exposed and control mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guicheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Wu D, Zheng H, Li Q, Wang S, Zhao B, Jin L, Lyu R, Li S, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang F, Wu Q, Liu T, Jiang J, Wang L, Li X, Chen J, Hao J. Achieving health-oriented air pollution control requires integrating unequal toxicities of industrial particles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6491. [PMID: 37838777 PMCID: PMC10576764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting human health from fine particulate matter (PM) pollution is the ambitious goal of clean air actions, but current control strategies largely ignore the role of source-specific PM toxicity. Here, we proposed health-oriented control strategies by integrating the unequal toxic potencies of the most polluting industrial PMs. Iron and steel industry (ISI)-emitted PM2.5 exhibit about one order of magnitude higher toxic potency than those of cement and power industries. Compared with the current mass-based control strategy (prioritizing implementation of ultralow emission standards in the power sector), the proposed health-oriented control strategy (priority control of the ISI sector) could generate 5.4 times higher reduction in population-weighted toxic potency-adjusted PM2.5 exposure among polluting industries in China. Furthermore, the marginal abatement cost per unit of toxic potency-adjusted mass of ISI-emitted PM2.5 is only a quarter of that of the other two sectors under ultralow emission scenarios. We highlight that a health-oriented air pollution control strategy is urgently required to achieve cost-effective reductions in particulate exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202162, China.
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Lyu
- China Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Shengyue Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202162, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
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5
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Zhu S, Yang B, Wang Z, Liu Y. Augmented dissemination of antibiotic resistance elicited by non-antibiotic factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115124. [PMID: 37327521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance seriously compromise the clinical efficacy of current antibiotic therapies, representing a serious public health threat worldwide. Generally, drug-susceptible bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance through genetic mutation or gene transfer, among which horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a dominant role. It is widely acknowledged that the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics are the key drivers in promoting the transmission of antibiotic resistance. However, accumulating evidence in recent years has shown that in addition to antibiotics, non-antibiotics can also accelerate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Nevertheless, the roles and potential mechanisms of non-antibiotic factors in the transmission of ARGs remain largely underestimated. In this review, we depict the four pathways of HGT and their differences, including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. We summarize non-antibiotic factors accounting for the enhanced horizontal transfer of ARGs and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the limitations and implications of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingqing Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Picone M, Russo M, Distefano GG, Baccichet M, Marchetto D, Volpi Ghirardini A, Lunde Hermansson A, Petrovic M, Gros M, Garcia E, Giubilato E, Calgaro L, Magnusson K, Granberg M, Marcomini A. Impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) discharge waters on planktonic biological indicators. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114846. [PMID: 36965268 PMCID: PMC10152311 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems (EGCS), operating in open-loop mode, continuously release acidic effluents (scrubber waters) to marine waters. Furthermore, scrubber waters contain high concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkylated PAHs, potentially affecting the plankton in the receiving waters. Toxicity tests evidenced significant impairments in planktonic indicators after acute, early-life stage, and long-term exposures to scrubber water produced by a vessel operating with high sulphur fuel. Acute effects on bacterial bioluminescence (Aliivibrio fischeri), algal growth (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella tertiolecta), and copepod survival (Acartia tonsa) were evident at 10 % and 20 % scrubber water, while larval development in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) showed a 50 % reduction at ∼5 % scrubber water. Conversely, larval development and reproductive success of A. tonsa were severely affected at scrubber water concentrations ≤1.1 %, indicating the risk of severe impacts on copepod populations which in turn may result in impairment of the whole food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Martina Russo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Baccichet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Anna Lunde Hermansson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Hörselgången 4, 41756 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig lluís companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona (UDG), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garcia
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona (UDG), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Kerstin Magnusson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Maria Granberg
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatic, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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7
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Flood-Garibay JA, Angulo-Molina A, Méndez-Rojas MÁ. Particulate matter and ultrafine particles in urban air pollution and their effect on the nervous system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:704-726. [PMID: 36752881 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, both indoor and urban air pollution are responsible for the deaths of around 3.5 million people annually. During the last few decades, the interest in understanding the composition and health consequences of the complex mixture of polluted air has steadily increased. Today, after decades of detailed research, it is well-recognized that polluted air is a complex mixture containing not only gases (CO, NOx, and SO2) and volatile organic compounds but also suspended particles such as particulate matter (PM). PM comprises particles with sizes in the range of 30 to 2.5 μm (PM30, PM10, and PM2.5) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) (less than 0.1 μm, including nanoparticles). All these constituents have different chemical compositions, origins and health consequences. It has been observed that the concentration of PM and UFPs is high in urban areas with moderate traffic and increases in heavy traffic areas. There is evidence that inhaling PM derived from fossil fuel combustion is associated with a wide variety of harmful effects on human health, which are not solely associated with the respiratory system. There is accumulating evidence that the brains of urban inhabitants contain high concentrations of nanoparticles derived from combustion and there is both epidemiological and experimental evidence that this is correlated with the appearance of neurodegenerative human diseases. Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebrovascular accidents, are among the main debilitating disorders of our time and their epidemiology can be classified as a public health emergency. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms related to PM exposure, specifically to UFPs, present as pollutants in air, as well as their correlation with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, PM can enhance the transmission of airborne diseases and trigger inflammatory and immune responses, increasing the risk of health complications and mortality. Therefore, understanding the different levels of this issue is important to create and promote preventive actions by both the government and civilians to construct a strategic plan to treat and cope with the current and future epidemic of these types of disorders on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Flood-Garibay
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hda. de Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, 72820, Puebla, Mexico.
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hda. de Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, 72820, Puebla, Mexico.
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8
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Kováts N, Hubai K, Sainnokhoi TA, Eck-Varanka B, Hoffer A, Tóth Á, Teke G. Ecotoxicity of PM 10 emissions generated during controlled burning of waste PET. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104118. [PMID: 37011741 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Domestic waste is often burned either as fuel for winter heating or in open areas, simply to get rid of waste. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents an important component of plastics usage as well as of plastic waste produced. While most studies attempt to characterize environmental risk of open burning of mixed household waste, present work evaluates chemical and ecotoxicological parameters of particulate matter (PM) produced during controlled burning of PET samples. In the PM10 samples, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations were measured, ecotoxicity was evaluated using the kinetic Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Both chemical composition and ecotoxicity of the 4 samples showed significant correlation, regardless of the colored or colorless nature of the original PET sample. Antimony was found in considerable concentrations, in the range of 6.93-16.9 mg/kg. PAHs profiles of the samples were very similar, showing the dominance of 4-and 5-ring PAHs, including carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kováts
- University of Pannonia, Centre for Natural Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Hubai
- University of Pannonia, Centre for Natural Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi
- University of Pannonia, Centre for Natural Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; Mongolian University of Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bettina Eck-Varanka
- University of Pannonia, Centre for Natural Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - András Hoffer
- MTA-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ádám Tóth
- MTA-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Gábor Teke
- ELGOSCAR-2000 Environmental Technology and Water Management Ltd., 8184 Balatonfuzfo, Hungary
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Lau YS, Poon HY, Organ B, Chuang HC, Chan MN, Guo H, Ho SSH, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of fresh and aged gasoline exhaust particles in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129846. [PMID: 36063712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust emissions from gasoline vehicles are one of the major contributors to aerosol particles observed in urban areas. It is well-known that these tiny particles are associated with air pollution, climate forcing, and adverse health effects. However, their toxicity and bioreactivity after atmospheric ageing are less constrained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical and toxicological properties of fresh and aged particulate matter samples derived from gasoline exhaust emissions. Chemical analyses showed that both fresh and aged PM samples were rich in organic carbon, and the dominating chemical species were n-alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Comparisons between fresh and aged samples revealed that the latter contained larger amounts of oxygenated compounds. In most cases, the bioreactivity induced by the aged PM samples was significantly higher than that induced by the fresh samples. Moderate to weak correlations were identified between chemical species and the levels of biomarkers in the fresh and aged PM samples. The results of the stepwise regression analysis suggested that n-alkane and alkenoic acid were major contributors to the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the fresh samples, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monocarboxylic acid were the main factors responsible for such increase in the aged samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Sze Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Now at: International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health (ILAQR), Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Hon-Yin Poon
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bruce Organ
- Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Man-Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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10
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Ma J, Li L, Zhang Z, Pei Z, Zuo P, Li H, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang Q. Insight into the oxidation of glutathione mediated by black carbon from three typical emission sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120647. [PMID: 36375575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is released into the atmosphere in large quantities from different emission sources each year and poses a serious threat to human health. These BC possessed a variety of characteristics and different mediation abilities for the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we collected BC (i.e., diesel BC, coal BC and wood BC) from three typica emission sources, and examined their mediation abilities to the oxidation of glutathione (GSH). Results showed that all three BC significantly promoted the GSH oxidation, and the mediation efficiencies were as follows: diesel BC > coal BC > wood BC. In comparison with the water-soluble fraction, the mediation abilities of three BC mainly came from their solid phase fractions. In the coal BC and wood BC systems, the oxidation of GSH was attributed to the catalysis of transition metals in BC. By contrast, the transition metals, phenolic -OH and persistent free radicals in diesel BC were identified as the active sites responsible for the GSH oxidation. In addition, the graphitic surface of diesel BC could synergize with these active sites to accelerate the oxidation of GSH. Under the catalysis of BC, dissolved oxygen was first reduced to ROS (O2•- and H2O2) and then caused the GSH oxidation. These findings not only help to better assess the adverse health effects of different BC, but also deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Peijie Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huiqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Cui L, Ni H, Lei K, Gao X, Wang X, Liu Z. Chemical characteristics analysis of automobile exhaust particles and the method for evaluating its ecological effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136152. [PMID: 36029867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust has become the main source of atmospheric particulate matter with the increase in the number of automobiles. Automobile exhaust particles (AEPs) discharged into the atmosphere can enter the aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, rain runoff, leaching, drainage water and urban sewage and further affect aquatic organisms. However, there is no comprehensive theory and method to evaluate the ecological effects of AEPs on aquatic environment. The new European driving cycle (NEDC) and the world harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC) were used to analyze the ecotoxicity of AEPs. The SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline under WLTC were used for further analysis. The chemical characteristics of AEPs were analyzed, and the ecotoxicity of AEPs on aquatic organisms was studied with Vibrio fischeri and Danio rerio as test organisms. The ecological effect of AEPs was studied through species sensitivity distribution based on interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models. The results showed that (ⅰ) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the main organic substances in AEPs. The total concentrations of PAHs in AEPs measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 237.4 and 159.8 mg kg-1, respectively, and the EC50 values for V. fischeri measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 42.02 and 47.05 mg L-1, respectively. (ⅱ) Total heavy metal concentrations in AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid, and sedan gasoline were 197.52, 104.86, and 89.68 mg kg-1, respectively, and the LC50 values for D. rerio were 3.22, 4.46 and 5.62 mg L-1. Cu and Mn were the main toxic heavy metals in AEPs. (ⅲ) The PNEC values of AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline were 0.57, 0.83 and 1.02 mg L-1, respectively. This exploratory study can provide technical information on water ecological safety assessment for determining the impact of AEPs on the surface water environment and for further improving automobile exhaust emission standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hong Ni
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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12
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Lei Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Feng R, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Du W, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Li L, Qu L, Hang Ho SS, Shen Z, Cao J. Characteristics and health risks of parent, alkylated, and oxygenated PAHs and their contributions to reactive oxygen species from PM 2.5 vehicular emissions in the longest tunnel in downtown Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113357. [PMID: 35580669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A vehicular emission study was conducted in the longest inner-city tunnel in Xi'an, northwestern China in four time periods (I: 07:30-10:30, II: 11:00-14:00, III: 16:30-19:30, and IV: 20:00-23:00 LST). A sum of 40 PAHs, including parent (p-PAHs), alkylated (a-PAHs), and oxygenated (o-PAHs) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were quantified. The relationships between the PAHs and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. The average total quantified PAHs concentration was 236.3 ± 48.3 ng m-3. The p-PAHs were found to be the most dominated group, accounting for an average of 88.1% of the total quantified PAHs, followed by a-PAHs (6.1%) and o-PAHs (5.8%). On the base of the number of aromatic rings, the groups of ≤5 rings (92.5 ± 1.2%) had higher fractions than the high ones (≥6 rings, 7.5 ± 1.2%) for pPAHs. Diurnal variations of PAHs subgroups exhibited the highest levels in Period III, consistent with the largest traffic counts in evening rush hours. However, less reduction of few PAHs in the night period demonstrates that the emissions of compressed natural gas (CNG) and methanol-fueled vehicles cannot be ignored while their contribution increased. High ROS activity levels were observed in the traffic-dominated samples, implying the potential oxidative damages to humans. Additionally, diurnal variation of the ROS activity was consistent with the total quantified PAHs and toxic equivalency of benzo[a]pyrene. Good correlations (R > 0.6, p < 0.05) were seen between individual groups of PAHs (especially for 3-5 rings p-PAHs, 4 rings a-PAHs, and 2-3 rings o-PAHs) and ROS activity, supporting that the vehicular emitted PAHs possibly initiate oxidative stress. The multiple linear regression analysis further illustrated that chrysene contributed the highest (25.0%) to ROS activity. In addition to highlighting the potential hazards to the PAHs from the vehicular emission, their roles to mitigate the health effects by formations of ROS were firstly reported in northwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zexuan Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Rong Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Henan Research Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710049, China
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13
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Liu Y, Chan CK. The oxidative potential of fresh and aged elemental carbon-containing airborne particles: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:525-546. [PMID: 35333266 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental carbon is often found in ambient particulate matter (PM), and it contributes to the PM's oxidative potential (OP) and thus poses great health concerns. Previous review articles mainly focused on the methodologies in evaluating OP in PM and its relationship with selected chemical constituents, including metal ions, PAHs, and inorganic species. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the effect of atmospheric aging processes on the OP of EC-containing airborne particles (ECCAPs). This review investigates more than 150 studies concerning the OP measurements and physico-chemical properties of both fresh and aged ECCAPs such as laboratory-generated elemental carbon (LGEC), carbon black (CB), soot (black carbon), and engineered carbon-containing nanomaterials (ECCBNs). Specifically, we summarize the characteristics of water-soluble and insoluble organic species, PAHs, quinone, and oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), and EC crystallinity. Both water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) contribute to the OP. Low molecular weight (MW) PAHs show a higher correlation with OP than high MW PAHs. Furthermore, oxidative aging processes introduce OFGs, where quinone (CO) and epoxide (O-C-O) increase the OP of ECCAPs. In contrast, carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) slightly change the OP. The low crystallinity of EC favors the oxygen addition and forms active OFG quinone, thus increasing the OP. More detailed analyses for the EC microstructures and the organic coatings are needed to predict the OP of ECCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Shen F, Li D, Chen J. Mechanistic toxicity assessment of fine particulate matter emitted from fuel combustion via pathway-based approaches in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150214. [PMID: 34571223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel exhaust particulate matter (FEPM) is an important source of air pollution worldwide. However, the comparative and mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs emitted from combustion of different fuels is still not fully understood. This study employed pathway-based approaches via human cells to evaluate mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs. The results showed that FEPMs caused concentration-dependent (0.1-200 μg/mL) cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. FEPMs at low concentration (10 μg/mL) induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases, while high level of FEPMs (200 μg/mL) caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Different FEPMs induced distinct expression profiles of toxicity-related genes, illustrating different toxic mechanisms. Furthermore, FEPMs inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), which related with reproductive toxicity. Spearman rank correlations among the chemicals carried by FEPMs and the toxic effects revealed that PAHs and metals promoted cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and suppressed PKA activity. Furthermore, PAHs (Nap and Acy) and metals (Al and Pb) in FEPMs were highly and positively correlated with the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, ER stress, metal stress and inflammation. Our findings offered more mechanistic information of FEPMs at the level of subcellular toxicity and help to better understand their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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15
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Wang B, Lau YS, Huang Y, Organ B, Chuang HC, Ho SSH, Qu L, Lee SC, Ho KF. Chemical and toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from diesel vehicles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124613. [PMID: 33301973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed chemical and toxicological characterization of the diesel particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel vehicles running on a chassis dynamometer under different driving conditions. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 31 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the collected PM samples. The OC-EC analysis results revealed that PM emissions from diesel vehicles in this study were dominated by OC and that the emission of vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters had high OC/EC ratios. The PAH analysis results revealed that 4- and 5-ring PAHs were the dominant PAHs in the OC fraction of the PM samples. Particle toxicity was evaluated through three toxicological markers in human A549 cells, namely (1) acellular 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) for oxidative potential, (2) interleukin-6 (IL-6) for inflammation, and (3) glutathione (GSH) for antioxidation after exposure. Statistical analyses revealed that vehicle sizes have statistically significant effects on the concentrations of the markers. Correlation analysis between PAHs and toxicological markers revealed that significant correlations existed between specific compounds and markers. Our results can be used as a reference by policy makers to formulate emission control strategies and as a dataset for other modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yik-Sze Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce Organ
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Stabilising Rural Roads with Waste Streams in Colombia as an Environmental Strategy Based on a Life Cycle Assessment Methodology. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Roads with low traffic volume link rural settlements together and connect them with urban centres, mobilising goods and agricultural products, and facilitating the transportation of people. In Colombia, most of these roads are in poor conditions, causing social, economic, and environmental problems, and significantly affecting the mobility, security, and economic progress of the country and its inhabitants. Therefore, it is essential to implement strategies to improve such roads, keeping in mind technical, economic, and environmental criteria. This article shows the results of the application of the environmental life cycle assessment—LCA—to sections of two low-traffic roads located in two different sites in Colombia: one in the Urrao area (Antioquia), located in the centre of the country; and another in La Paz (Cesar), located in the northeast of the country. Each segment was stabilised with alternative materials such as brick dust, fly ash, sulfonated oil, and polymer. The analysis was carried out in three stages: the first was the manufacture of the stabiliser; the second included preliminary actions that ranged from the search for the material to its placement on site; and the third was the stabilisation process, which included the entire application process, from the stabiliser to the road. The environmental impacts are mainly found in the manufacture of stabilisers (60% of the total), for sulfonated oil or polymer, due to the different compounds used during production, before their use as stabilisers. The impact categories with the greatest influence were abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP). For the stabilisation stage (impact between 40% and 99%), ash and brick dust have the highest impacts. The impact categories most influenced in this stage were: acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP).
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17
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Niu X, Wang Y, Ho SSH, Chuang HC, Sun J, Qu L, Wang G, Ho KF. Characterization of organic aerosols in PM 1 and their cytotoxicity in an urban roadside area in Hong Kong. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128239. [PMID: 33297186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds in fine particles play major roles in cardiopulmonary diseases. A study was conducted to determine the characteristics and cytotoxicity of organic aerosols (OA) in an urban roadside area in Hong Kong. Chemical components in nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) were observed using a Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM), and the chemical profile of organic compounds in NR-PM1 was examined with filter-based approach. Associations between cytotoxicity and organic sources and compositions were evaluated. NR-PM1 contributed to 84% of the PM1 concentrations. The NR-PM1 was composed of organics (55 ± 15%), followed by sulfate (21 ± 9%), ammonium (13 ± 6%), nitrate (10 ± 6%) and chloride (1 ± 1%). Three major organic sources were identified using positive matrix factorization, namely primary organic aerosol (POA, 40 ± 19%), more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA, 32 ± 22%) and less-oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA, 28 ± 19%). Variations in organic groups, including alkanes, hopanes, steranes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy-PAHs (OPAHs), and fatty acids, demonstrated that traffic and cooking emissions were dominant pollution sources in this roadside station. Human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells were exposed to PM1, revealing increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interlukin-6 (IL-6), which indicated the occurrence of inflammatory and oxidative responses. POA was significantly associated with ROS and IL-6, and alkanes, hopanes, steranes, PAHs and OPAHs, and fatty acids presented medium to high correlations with LDH and IL-6, demonstrating the importance of primary emissions and organic compounds in cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that organic compounds emitted from traffic and cooking play critical roles in PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Humanities, Economics and Law, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 210062, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Niazi NK, Xiong TT, Farooq ABU, Khalid S. Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metal(loid)-Enriched Particulate Matter: Foliar Accumulation by Plants and Health Impacts. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:65-113. [PMID: 31897760 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric contamination by heavy metal-enriched particulate matter (metal-PM) is highly topical nowadays because of its high persistence and toxic nature. Metal-PMs are emitted to the atmosphere by various natural and anthropogenic activities, the latter being the major source. After being released into the atmosphere, metal-PM can travel over a long distance and can deposit on the buildings, water, soil, and plant canopy. In this way, these metal-PMs can contaminate different parts of the ecosystem. In addition, metal-PMs can be directly inhaled by humans and induce several health effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the fate and behavior of these metal-PMs in the environment. In this review, we highlighted the atmospheric contamination by metal-PMs, possible sources, speciation, transport over a long distance, and deposition on soil, plants, and buildings. This review also describes the foliar deposition and uptake of metal-PMs by plants. Moreover, the inhalation of these metal-PMs by humans and the associated health risks have been critically discussed. Finally, the article proposed some key management strategies and future perspectives along with the summary of the entire review. The abovementioned facts about the biogeochemical behavior of metal-PMs in the ecosystem have been supported with well-summarized tables (total 14) and figures (4), which make this review article highly informative and useful for researchers, scientists, students, policymakers, and the organizations involved in development and management. It is proposed that management strategies should be developed and adapted to cope with atmospheric release and contamination of metal-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
- Association Réseau-Agriville, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian Tian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hua Z, Li D, Wu Z, Wang D, Cui Y, Huang X, Fang J, An T. DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116549. [PMID: 33152588 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine process is efficient for the abatement of micropollutants; yet, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the toxicity can be altered during the treatment. This study investigated effluent organic matter characterization, DBP formation and toxicity alteration after the UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater; particularly, typical water matrix components in wastewater, namely, ammonia and bromide, were studied. The raw wastewater contained low levels of ammonia (3 µM) and bromide (0.5 µM). The UV/chlorine treatment efficiently eliminated 90 - 94% of fluorescent components. Compared with chlorination alone, a 20 min UV/chlorine treatment increased the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), chloral hydrate (CH), haloacetonitriles (HANs), trichloronitromethane (TCNM) and haloacetamides (HAcAms) by 90 - 508%. In post-chlorination after the UV/chlorine treatment, the formation of CH, HANs, TCNM and HAcAms increased by 77 - 274%, whereas the formation of both THMs and HAAs increased slightly by 11%. Meanwhile, the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs increased considerably after the UV/chlorine treatment and in post-chlorination, primarily due to the increased formation of HAAs and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs). However, the acute toxicity of the wastewater to Vibrio fischeri and genotoxicity determined by the umu test decreased by 19% and 76%, respectively, after the 20 min UV/chlorine treatment. An additional 200 µM ammonia decreased the formation of all detected DBPs during the UV/chlorine treatment and 24 h post-chlorination, except that TCNM formation increased by 11% during post-chlorination. The acute toxicity of wastewater spiked with 200 µM ammonia was 32% lower than that of raw wastewater after the UV/chlorine treatment, but the genotoxicity was 58% higher. The addition of 1 mg/L bromide to the UV/chlorine process dramatically increased the formation of brominated DBPs and the overall calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs. However, the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the wastewater decreased by 7% and 100%, respectively, when bromide was added to the UV/chlorine treatment. This study illuminated that UV/chlorine treatment can decrease acute and geno- toxicities of wastewater efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Independent researcher, 25 Tuscany Springs Terr NW, Calgary, AB T3L 2V2, Canada
| | - Yonglin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Choi DI, Park JH, Choi JY, Piao M, Suh MS, Lee JB, Yun SJ, Lee SC. Keratinocytes-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Play an Active Role to Induce Type 2 Inflammation of the Skin: A Pathogenic Role of Reactive Oxygen Species at the Early Phase of Atopic Dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2020; 33:26-36. [PMID: 33911809 PMCID: PMC7875219 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, relapsing skin inflammation (eczema) with itchy sensation. Keratinocytes, which are located at the outermost part of our body, are supposed to play important roles at the early phase of type 2 inflammation including AD pathogenesis. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether keratinocytes-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be produced by the allergens or non-allergens, and the keratinocytes-derived ROS could modulate a set of biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin. Methods Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with an allergen of house dust mites (HDM) or a non-allergen of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Then, biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin including those for neurogenic inflammation were checked by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblot experiments. Results HDM or C48/80 was found to upregulate expression levels of our tested biomarkers, including type 2 T helper-driving pathway (KLK5, PAR2, and NFκB), epithelial-cell-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin [IL]-25, IL-33), and neurogenic inflammation (NGF, CGRP). The HDM- or C-48/80-induced expression levels of the biomarkers could be blocked by an antioxidant treatment with 5 mM N-acetyl-cysteine. In contrast, pro-oxidant treatment with 1 mM H2O2 could upregulate expression levels of the tested biomarkers in NHEKs. Conclusion Our results reveal that keratinocytes-derived ROS, irrespective to their origins from allergens or non-allergens, have a potential to induce type 2 inflammation of AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-In Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - MeiShan Piao
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Song Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook-Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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21
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Zhu Z, Zhang J, Lv G, George C, Herrmann H, Fu H, Li D, Zhang L, Sun X, Sun H, Guan X, Li Q, Dong W, Li X, Wang X, Wang L, Yang X, Liu Q, Chen J, Jiang G. Complexation of Fe(III)/Catechols in atmospheric aqueous phase and the consequent cytotoxicity assessment in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110898. [PMID: 32652344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that the complexation of metals-organics plays an important role in atmospheric particulate matter, whose health effects should be taken into account. This work investigates the interactions between catechols (CAs), i.e., 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) and 4-methylcatechol (4MC), and transition metals (i.e., Fe) in the aqueous phase dark reaction. The formation of Fe/CAs complexes and secondary organics products are analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, stopped-flow spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, while the insoluble particulate matter formed from the CAs/Fe mixtures are characterized by the FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric-quadrupole-mass spectrometry (TG-Q-MS). On the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental results, the possible formation pathways for the complexes of Fe(III) with 4NC (a proxy for organics) are proposed. The Fe/CAs complexes and organics products perhaps have significant sources of light absorption which play an important role in influencing the intensity of atmospheric radiation and particulate phase photochemistry. Besides, the cytotoxicity is tested as a function of concentrations for CAs/Fe mixtures in BEAS-2B cells. Our results show that CAs/Fe mixtures have strong association with cytotoxicity, indicating the mixtures have potential influence to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guochun Lv
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Christian George
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France; School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany; School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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22
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Niu X, Chuang HC, Wang X, Ho SSH, Li L, Qu L, Chow JC, Watson JG, Sun J, Lee S, Cao J, Ho KF. Cytotoxicity of PM 2.5 vehicular emissions in the Shing Mun Tunnel, Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114386. [PMID: 32203846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Associations between human exposures to vehicular emissions (VE) and cardiopulmonary diseases have been found, with a dearth of information on particle cytotoxicity. This study exposes human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) cells to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) samples collected in a tunnel and investigates the oxidative and inflammatory responses. The cytotoxicity factor (CF) is used to normalize the VE cytotoxicity. The emission factors (EFs) were 27.2 ± 12.0 mg vehicle-1 km-1 for PM2.5 and 4.93 ± 1.67 μg vehicle-1 km-1 for measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Higher EFs were found for high (4-6 rings) than low (2-3 rings) molecular-weight particulate PAHs. PM2.5 VE caused oxidative stress and inflammation of human lung cells. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and several PAHs were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with bioreactivity. Higher CFs were found when diesel vehicle counts were highest during the morning rush hour, implying that diesel-fueled VE were major contributors to cytotoxic effects. This study provides a broader understanding of the toxicity in an engine-exhaust dominated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judith C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - John G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pikula KS, Chernyshev VV, Zakharenko AM, Chaika VV, Waissi G, Hai LH, Hien TT, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS. Toxicity assessment of particulate matter emitted from different types of vehicles on marine microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108785. [PMID: 31606615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution caused by vehicle emissions remains a serious environmental threat in urban areas. Sedimentation of atmospheric aerosols, surface wash, drainage water, and urbane wastewater can bring vehicle particle emissions into the aquatic environment. However, the level of toxicity and mode of toxic action for this kind of particles are not fully understood. Here we explored the aquatic toxic effects of particulate matter emitted from different types of vehicles on marine microalgae Porphyridium purpureum and Heterosigma akashiwo. We used flow cytometry to evaluate growth rate inhibition, changes in the level of esterase activity, changes in membrane potential and size changes of microalgae cells under the influence of particulate matter emitted by motorcycles, cars and specialized vehicles with different types of engines and powered by different types of fuel. Both microalgae species were highly influenced by the particles emitted by diesel-powered vehicles. These particle samples had the highest impact on survival, esterase activity, and membrane potential of microalgae and caused the most significant increase in microalgae cell size compared to the particles produced by gasoline-powered vehicles. The results of the algae-bioassay strongly correlate with the data of laser granulometry analyses, which indicate that the most toxic samples had a significantly higher percentage of particles in the size range less than 1 μm. Visual observation with an optical microscope showed intensive agglomeration of the particles emitted by diesel-powered vehicles with microalgae cells. Moreover, within the scope of this research, we did not observe the direct influence of metal content in the particles to the level of their aquatic toxicity, and we can conclude that physical damage is the most probable mechanism of toxicity for vehicle emitted particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir V Chaika
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Greta Waissi
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, POB 1627 70211, Finland
| | - Le Hong Hai
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - To Trong Hien
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation; University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Toxicology, Heraklion, 71003, Greece; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, 690014, Russian Federation
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Česonienė L, Mažuolytė-Miškinė E, Šileikienė D, Lingytė K, Bartkevičius E. Analysis of Biogenic Secondary Pollution Materials from Sludge in Surface Waters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234691. [PMID: 31775300 PMCID: PMC6926932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many countries of the world, including Lithuania, are making an effort to reduce surface water pollution. State monitoring data show that almost 80% of the lakes in Lithuania have an increased amount of sludge. One of the reasons for this increase in sludge is an excessive amount of biogenic material in the water. It is known that even after the source of pollution is removed, the condition of the lake water does not improve; rather, the condition of the lake water worsens due to the secondary pollution of sludge in the water. A study was conducted to determine the impact of secondary sludge pollution on water. For this study, 5 sludge samples were taken from different lakes in Lithuania. Fresh water was poured on the sludge samples, the concentrations of Nt, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, Pt, the pH and the changes in the electric conductivity (C) were measured in the water within 28 h. Research has shown that the thickness of the sludge layer influences the total amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter present in the sludge. As the thickness of the sludge layer increases in a lake, the total concentrations of nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter increase. Studies have also shown that the concentrations of all biogenic substances in water increase, with the exception of total phosphorus. This finding shows that organic phosphorus is "locked" in sludge, and no secondary pollution occurs from this source. Moreover, the electrical conductivity values of the water influence the release of biogenic substances from sludge in the water.
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25
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Zajusz-Zubek E, Mainka A, Kaczmarek K. Dendrograms, heat maps and principal component analysis - the practical use of statistical methods for source apportionment of trace elements in PM10. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 58:163-170. [PMID: 31559907 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1670026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendrogram (DE), heat map (HM) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used in order to identify possible emission sources of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se in ambient PM10 collected in the surroundings of working power plants. Each statistical tool resulted in slightly different clusters. The best approximation of possible emission sources was received by the use of statistical analysis of trace-element concentrations combined with characterization of the sampling sites. In the study, PCA was indicated as the most useful statistical tool for source apportionment of trace elements in PM10. Major sources identified by PCA included: (1) coal combustion, (2) soil and road-dust resuspension, (3) the use of pesticides and (4) waste incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
- Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Mainka
- Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Konrad Kaczmarek
- Institute of Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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26
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Wang G, Zheng X, Duan H, Dai Y, Niu Y, Gao J, Chang Z, Song X, Leng S, Tang J, Zheng Y. High-content analysis of particulate matters-induced oxidative stress and organelle dysfunction in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:263-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Li R, Han Y, Wang L, Shang Y, Chen Y. Differences in oxidative potential of black carbon from three combustion emission sources in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:57-65. [PMID: 30928795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and poses a serious threat to human health. Actual BC from extensive emission sources presents a variety of characteristics that are likely associated with different oxidative potentials (OP) and health endpoints. In the present study, BC derived from three main emission sources (residential coal combustion, biomass burning, and diesel engine exhaust) in China was subjected to physiochemical characterization and its OP was tested using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. In order to obtain actual BC, the water-soluble part (WS) and organic extract (OE) were eluted successively from PM and the residue particle (RP) were reserved. PM from diesel vehicles had the most effective DTT consumption capacity, followed by PM from biomass and coal burning. And the OP of PM was mostly attributed to its RP part which mainly consisted of metals and BC. SEM/TEM, OC/EC, IC, and ICP-MS measurements confirmed that soluble ions and organic compounds were washed off effectively, while some metals were still retained in the RP part. Thus, the OP of BC was evaluated after adding DTPA to inhibit DTT activity caused by metals in the RP. Significant differences in OP and physiochemical characteristics of BC from the three emission sources were observed. BC from diesel exhaust exhibited the highest DTT activity (15.5 ± 12.6 pmol min-1 μg-1) compared to that of BC from biomass (2.5 ± 1.0 pmol min-1 μg-1) and coal (1.3 ± 0.5 pmol min-1 μg-1) burning. Diesel exhaust BC, which was emitted under the highest combustion temperature, had the smallest size. Coal consumption in China contributes to the highest amount of BC mass emission, but our result indicates that diesel exhaust BC has the greatest OP. An emission inventory based on health impacts is urgently needed to control air pollution sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yong Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Shang Y, Wu M, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhong Y, An J, Qian G. Cytotoxicity comparison between fine particles emitted from the combustion of municipal solid waste and biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:316-324. [PMID: 30599404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) emitted from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) contain high amounts of toxic compounds and pose a serious threat to environment and human health. In this study, entire particles as well as extracted water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of PM2.5 collected from MSWI and biomass incineration (BMI) were subjected to physiochemical characterization and cytotoxic tests in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. MSWI PM2.5 had higher contents of heavy metals (including Pb, Zn, and Cu) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) than did BMI PM2.5. The metals were enriched in the water-insoluble fraction, as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. BMI PM2.5 had a higher content of endotoxin, which was also enriched in the water-insoluble fraction. MSWI PM2.5 caused more serious cell injuries, as indicated by the lower viability, higher ROS generation, and DNA damage, whereas BMI PM2.5 presented higher pro-inflammatory potential, as indicated by increased mRNA levels of interleukin 6. Normal human BEAS-2B cells were more sensitive than A549 cells in all these tests. Toxic effects caused by MSWI and BMI PM2.5 were mostly attributable to their water-insoluble fractions. Our results indicate different chemical and biological compositions in MSWI and BMI PM2.5 probably dominate in different toxic endpoints in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Impact of Biogas and Waste Fats Methyl Esters on NO, NO2, CO, and PM Emission by Dual Fuel Diesel Engine. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the unit gas emission value in the exhaust of a dual fuel diesel engine. The results of the effects of a diesel engine’s applications in biogas plants and the method for calculating mass gas emissions per unit of produced electricity are shown. The test was performed using a two-cylinder, naturally aspirated, liquid-cooled diesel engine. The diesel engine powered a generator connected to the grid. The engine was fed with liquid fuels—waste cooking oil methyl ester (UCOME) and diesel fuel (DF)—and with a gas fuel, biogas (BG). The engine ran at a constant rotational speed (2000 rpm ± 30 rpm) with variable load. The gas analyzer measured the amount of CO, NO, NO2, and PM (particulate matter) in exhaust gas. This gas content share was then converted to mass per engine generated energy unit. This experiment showed the effect of BG introduced to the intake manifold on fuel combustion, as well as an increase in CO and NO2 emission and decrease in NO and PM. In terms of dependence of exhaust emissions on the type of liquid fuel used, the use of UCOME as opposed to diesel fuel resulted in PM reduction and increase of NO emissions.
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30
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Shukla A, Bunkar N, Kumar R, Bhargava A, Tiwari R, Chaudhury K, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Air pollution associated epigenetic modifications: Transgenerational inheritance and underlying molecular mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:760-777. [PMID: 30530146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of deaths in Southeast Asian countries including India. Exposure to air pollutants affects vital cellular mechanisms and is intimately linked with the etiology of a number of chronic diseases. Earlier work from our laboratory has shown that airborne particulate matter disturbs the mitochondrial machinery and causes significant damage to the epigenome. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species possess the ability to trigger redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms and induce irreversible epigenomic changes. The electrophilic nature of reactive metabolites can directly result in deprotonation of cytosine at C-5 position or interfere with the DNA methyltransferases activity to cause alterations in DNA methylation. In addition, it also perturbs level of cellular metabolites critically involved in different epigenetic processes like acetylation and methylation of histone code and DNA hypo or hypermethylation. Interestingly, these modifications may persist through downstream generations and result in the transgenerational epigenomic inheritance. This phenomenon of subsequent transfer of epigenetic modifications is mainly associated with the germ cells and relies on the germline stability of the epigenetic states. Overall, the recent literature supports, and arguably strengthens, the contention that air pollution might contribute to transmission of epimutations from gametes to zygotes by involving mitochondrial DNA, parental allele imprinting, histone withholding and non-coding RNAs. However, larger prospective studies using innovative, integrated epigenome-wide metabolomic strategy are highly warranted to assess the air pollution induced transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and associated human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushi Shukla
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Neha Bunkar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Irina Y Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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31
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Li A, Beek TAD, Schubert M, Yu Z, Schiedek T, Schüth C. Sedimentary archive of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and perylene sources in the northern part of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:198-206. [PMID: 30551038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we analyzed the concentration patterns of 20 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 25 surface sediments and 11 sediment cores from the northern part of Taihu Lake, China. Three of the cores were dated based on 137Cs activity for the deposition age of the sediment. The spatial distributions of the PAH concentrations show that the inflow rivers into Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay were the main pathway for PAHs and sediment input to the northern part of the lake. This results in substantially higher PAH concentrations (up to 5000 ng/g) and sedimentation rates (higher than the average of 3-4 mm/a) in the area close to the river outlets. In addition, results also show that PAH concentrations in the sediments considerably increased from the early 1960s, but the decreasing concentrations in the upper layers of the sediment could be attributed to the introduction of measures on environmental improvement from ca. 2000. There were both anthropogenic and biogenic origins of perylene in the lake sediments, which were distinguished based on spatial distribution patterns and also the concentration proportions of perylene to the sum of the 20 PAHs. In the cores collected close to river outlets, the concentration proportions of perylene typically range from 0.02 to 0.18 and there are significant positive linear correlations between the concentration of perylene and three anthropogenic PAHs (Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[e]pyrene, Pyrene), suggesting that perylene was dominated by anthropogenic input. However, the cores collected further away from the river outlets show the concentration proportions between 0.13 and 0.96, and present significant negative correlations or no correlations between perylene and the three PAHs, suggesting that perylene was mainly formed by biogenic activities. Furthermore, the different perylene sources accompanied with the location distributions imply that anthropogenic activities could inhibit its biogenic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tim Aus der Beek
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Michael Schubert
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Thomas Schiedek
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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32
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Galvão ES, Reis NC, Lima AT, Stuetz RM, D'Azeredo Orlando MT, Santos JM. Use of inorganic and organic markers associated with their directionality for the apportionment of highly correlated sources of particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1332-1343. [PMID: 30360265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter source identification using receptor models is one of the tools applied in air quality management. These models have limitations such as the collinearity effects, hindering their application and interpretation. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) models use chemical markers for the definition of likely sources, leaving to users the factors interpretation. This can lead to biased interpretations, as chemical species can be markers for several sources, particularly when there is source similarity. The Region of Greater Vitória, located southeast of Brazil, is a complex site in which similar industrial activities are installed, such as a pelletizing plant and a steel plant, that produce iron pellets and sinter, both iron-agglomerates with similar chemical profiles. To minimize the effects of collinearity between those sources, a new PMF approach is proposed by using inorganic and organic chemical species and the directionality of pollutant using wind roses. The proposed methodology determines the following consolidated markers: elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) for vehicular sources; chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) for sea salt; iron (Fe) for industrial sources. This association was possible by identifying the directionality of the chemical species. Cl a typical sea salt marker also attributed to industrial sintering activities. Some PMF factors showed high OC loadings, a typical marker for both vehicular exhaust and coal burning. The definition of the most appropriate sources for those factors was only possible due to the assessment of the pollutant roses. Pollutant roses generally showed that higher concentrations of potassium (K), a marker of biomass burning, was predominantly associated with winds from an industrial park, and are most likely associated with sintering emissions. Results showed that combining both organic and inorganic markers with the pollutant roses for identification of the directionality of predominant sources improved the interpretation of PMF factor numbers in source apportionment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Richard Michael Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jane Meri Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Balaguera A, Carvajal GI, Arias YP, Albertí J, Fullana-I-Palmer P. Technical feasibility and life cycle assessment of an industrial waste as stabilizing product for unpaved roads, and influence of packaging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1272-1282. [PMID: 30360259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of industrial solid wastes with a high content of SiO2 and Al2O3, called "precursors", is often studied in the construction industry when combined with NaOH as "activator". The precursor and activator system is generally proposed as a binder material with similar characteristics to Portland cement. In this work, we technically and environmentally evaluated such a system elaborated with an industrial waste: coal ash with caustic soda in solid state. This product, mixed with the soil, acts as a stabilizer to increase the capacity of load support, allowing the improvement of the conditions of performance in low volume traffic roads. An experimental design applied to the stabilizing product showed the incidence of different factors on the load carrying capacity response: packaging material, type of seal, baling moisture and storage humidity. The application of the stabilizer product was found to increase the resistance of the ground over a 500%. Finally, the environmental aspects were evaluated through a simplified Life Cycle Assessment methodology (LCA), the scope of the study was restricted to cradle to gate, collecting data up to the packaged stabilizing product. The results showed that the highest impacts were caused, for most impact categories, by NaOH production, and transport was relevant as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Balaguera
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 N° 30 - 65, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Construcción, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 65 N° 59 A - 110, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Gloria Isabel Carvajal
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 N° 30 - 65, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yhan Paul Arias
- Escuela de Construcción, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 65 N° 59 A - 110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaume Albertí
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Passeig Pujades 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fullana-I-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Passeig Pujades 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Hernández-Pellón A, Fernández-Olmo I. Using multi-site data to apportion PM-bound metal(loid)s: Impact of a manganese alloy plant in an urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1476-1488. [PMID: 30360277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of the PM emission sources influencing a specific area is vital to better assess the potential health effects related to the PM exposure of the local population. In this work, a multi-site PM10 sampling campaign was performed in seven sites located in the southern part of the Santander Bay (northern Spain), an urban area characterized by the proximity of some metal(loid) industrial sources (mainly a manganese alloy plant). The total content of V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb was determined by ICP-MS. This multi-site dataset was evaluated by positive matrix factorization (PMF) in order to identify the main anthropogenic metal(loid) sources impacting the studied area, and to quantify their contribution to the measured metal(loid) levels. The attribution of the sources was done by comparing the factor profiles obtained by the PMF analysis with representative profiles from known metal(loid) sources in the area, included in both the European database SPECIEUROPE (V2.0) and the US database EPA-SPECIATE (V4.5) or calculated from literature data. In addition, conditional bivariate probability functions (CBPF)s were used to assist in the identification of the sources. Four metal(loid) sources were identified: Fugitive and point source emissions from the manganese alloy plant (49.9% and 9.9%, respectively), non-exhaust traffic emissions (38.3%) and a minor source of mixed origin (1.8%). The PMF analysis was able to make a clear separation between two different sources from the manganese alloy plant, which represented almost 60% of the total measured metal(loid) levels, >80% of these emissions being assigned to fugitive emissions. These results will be useful for the assessment of the health risk associated with PM10-bound metal(loid) exposure and for the design of efficient abatement strategies in areas impacted by similar industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernández-Pellón
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - I Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Lee CH, Shim HE, Song L, Moon HG, Lee K, Yang JE, Song HY, Choi YJ, Choi DS, Jeon J. Efficient and stable radiolabeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon assemblies: in vivo imaging of diesel exhaust particulates in mice. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:447-450. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a robust radioanalytical method for tracking carbonaceous particulates in vivo, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust were labeled with a radioactive-iodine-tagged pyrene analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Heon Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Gyu Moon
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research
- Korea Institute of Toxicology
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research
- Korea Institute of Toxicology
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yang
- World Institute of Kimchi
- Gwangju 61755
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul 02504
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seong Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Jeongeup 56212
- Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science
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Wu D, Li Q, Ding X, Sun J, Li D, Fu H, Teich M, Ye X, Chen J. Primary Particulate Matter Emitted from Heavy Fuel and Diesel Oil Combustion in a Typical Container Ship: Characteristics and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12943-12951. [PMID: 30346144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Container ships have been widely recognized as an important emission source within maritime transport. Heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel oil (DO) are the two most commonly used fuels. This study reports the characteristics and toxicities of particulate matter (PM) emissions from HFO and DO combustion in a typical container ship. The PM number size distribution possesses a bimodal structure with peaks at ∼20 nm and ∼100 nm. The PM2.5 emission factors (EFs) are 3.15 ± 0.39 and 0.92 ± 0.02 g/kg fuel for HFO and DO, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent carcinogenic potency (BaPeq) of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in HFO and DO PM2.5 is approximately 0.81 ± 0.10 and 0.12 ± 0.04 mg/kg fuel, respectively. BaPeq concentration shows an increasing tendency with decreased PM size. The reactive oxygen species activity and cytotoxicity of HFO PM2.5 samples are ∼2.1 and ∼2.5 times higher than those of DO PM2.5 samples, respectively. These health risks are both significantly attributed to the BaPeq content in PM2.5 with correlations of 0.86-0.92. Furthermore, the examined biological effects are much greater than those of atmospheric PM2.5 collected in Shanghai. Our results imply that better fuel quality is important for improving air quality and reducing health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Monique Teich
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xingnan Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , China
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37
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Diesel exhaust particle promotes tumor lung metastasis via the induction of BLT1-mediated neutrophilic lung inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 111:530-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Guo G, Song B, Xia D, Yang Z, Wang F. Metals and metalloids in PM 10 in Nandan County, Guangxi, China, and the health risks posed. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2071-2086. [PMID: 29549472 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intense mining, smelting, and tailing activities of polymetallic ore deposits have affected the environment in Nandan County, Guangxi, China. Samples of particulates with aerodynamic diameters low or equal 10 μm (PM10) were collected in Nandan County to investigate the concentrations of and health risks posed by 17 metals and metalloids in the PM10. The metal and metalloid concentrations were lower than those found in other industrial cities. The mean Cr concentration was 7.48 ng/m3. Significant higher metal and metalloid concentrations were found in PM10 from mining areas (Dachang and Chehe) than from the control area (Liuzhai) (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mo, Na, and Sr were resuspension of the soil produced through mineral erosion, the main sources of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn were smelting and mining activities, and the main source of Ni was fossil fuel combustion. Higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were posed in Dachang and Chehe than in Liuzhai. The non-carcinogenic risks posed to adults and children by individual metals and metalloids in PM10 at all the sites were low, but the non-carcinogenic risks posed to children by all the metals and metalloids together exceeded the safe level (i.e., risk value > 1). The carcinogenic risks posed by Cd, Ni, and Pb were negligible at all sites, while As, Co, and Cr posed potential carcinogenic risks to the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Song
- Colleges of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Deshang Xia
- Colleges of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zijie Yang
- Colleges of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fopeng Wang
- Colleges of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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39
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Wang G, Zheng X, Tang J, Niu Y, Dai Y, Duan H, Zheng Y. LIN28B/let-7 axis mediates pulmonary inflammatory response induced by diesel exhaust particle exposure in mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:1-10. [PMID: 30172002 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particle (DEP) is closely related to inflammatory response in respiratory system. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism by which DEP induces pulmonary inflammatory response, we conducted DEP exposure experiments in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, each mouse was exposed to DEP suspension (100 μg of DEP) or vehicle only once in single intra-tracheal instillation (IT) section, or was exposed to DEP suspension (12.5 μg or 50 μg of DEP) or vehicle 12 times in repeated IT section. DEP exposure induced significant pathological injuries with substantial neutrophils infiltration and the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in mouse lungs. Consistently, elevated IL6 mRNA level was also observed in DEP treatment group (100 μg/ml) in vitro. In addition, DEP exposure exerted the similar influence on the expression of let-7d and let-7g microRNAs in vivo and in vitro. To verify the possible role of LIN28B/let-7 axis in the regulation of IL6 expression following DEP exposure, we applied RNAi technology in vitro, and found increased IL6 mRNA expression was alleviated or neutralized in DEP exposure groups after LIN28B silencing or after let-7d or let-7g over-expression. Taken together, we conclude that LIN28B/let-7 axis might be involved in inflammatory response induced by DEP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
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40
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Galvão ES, Santos JM, Lima AT, Reis NC, Orlando MTD, Stuetz RM. Trends in analytical techniques applied to particulate matter characterization: A critical review of fundaments and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:546-568. [PMID: 29455125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of airborne particulate matter (PM) size and chemical composition with health problems affecting the cardiorespiratory and central nervous systems. PM also act as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) or ice nuclei (IN), taking part in the clouds formation process, and therefore can impact the climate. There are several works using different analytical techniques in PM chemical and physical characterization to supply information to source apportionment models that help environmental agencies to assess damages accountability. Despite the numerous analytical techniques described in the literature available for PM characterization, laboratories are normally limited to the in-house available techniques, which raises the question if a given technique is suitable for the purpose of a specific experimental work. The aim of this work consists of summarizing the main available technologies for PM characterization, serving as a guide for readers to find the most appropriate technique(s) for their investigation. Elemental analysis techniques like atomic spectrometry based and X-ray based techniques, organic and carbonaceous techniques and surface analysis techniques are discussed, illustrating their main features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss the trends in analytical techniques used over the last two decades. The choice among all techniques is a function of a number of parameters such as: the relevant particles physical properties, sampling and measuring time, access to available facilities and the costs associated to equipment acquisition, among other considerations. An analytical guide map is presented as a guideline for choosing the most appropriated technique for a given analytical information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Michael Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang Y, Gu AZ, Cen T, Li X, Li D, Chen J. Petrol and diesel exhaust particles accelerate the horizontal transfer of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:280-287. [PMID: 29524923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Particles exhausted from petrol and diesel consumptions are major components of urban air pollution that can be exposed to human via direct inhalation or other routes due to atmospheric deposition into water and soil. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to modern health care. However, how the petrol and diesel exhaust particles affect the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in various environments remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of four representative petrol and diesel exhaust particles, namely 97 octane petrol, 93 octane petrol, light diesel oil, and marine heavy diesel oil, on the horizontal transfer of ARGs between two opportunistic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, E. coli S17-1 (donor) and E. coli K12 (recipient). The results demonstrated that these four representative types of nano-scale particles induced concentration-dependent increases in conjugative transfer rates compared with the controls. The underlying mechanisms involved in the accelerated transfer of ARGs were also identified, including the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent induction of oxidative stress, SOS response, changes in cell morphology, and the altered mRNA expression of membrane protein genes and those involved in the promotion of conjugative transfer. The findings provide new evidences and mechanistic insights into the antimicrobial resistance risks posed by petrol and diesel exhaust particles, and highlight the implications and need for stringent strategies on alternative fuels to mitigate air pollution and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Tianyu Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Park CG, Cho HK, Shin HJ, Park KH, Lim HB. Comparison of Mutagenic Activities of Various Ultra-Fine Particles. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:163-172. [PMID: 29686778 PMCID: PMC5903137 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is increasing, along with consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and diesel gas. Air pollutants are known to be a major cause of respiratory-related illness and death, however, there are few reports on the genotoxic characterization of diverse air pollutants in Korea. In this study, we investigated the mutagenic activity of various particles such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), combustion of rice straw (RSC), pine stem (PSC), and coal (CC), tunnel dust (TD), and road side dust (RD). Ultra-fine particles (UFPs) were collected by the glass fiber filter pad. Then, we performed a chemical analysis to see each of the component features of each particulate matter. The mutagenicity of various UFPs was determined by the Ames test with four Salmonella typhimurium strains with or without metabolic activation. The optimal concentrations of UFPs were selected based on result of a concentration decision test. Moreover, in order to compare relative mutagenicity among UFPs, we selected and tested DEP as mutation reference. DEP, RSC, and PSC induced concentration-dependent increases in revertant colony numbers with TA98, TA100, and TA1537 strains in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. DEP showed the highest specific activity among the particulate matters. In this study, we conclude that DEP, RSC, PSC, and TD displayed varying degrees of mutagenicity, and these results suggest that the mutagenicity of these air pollutants is associated with the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these particulate matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gyun Park
- College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,
Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Cho
- College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,
Korea
| | | | - Ki Hong Park
- National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Heung Bin Lim
- College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,
Korea
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