1
|
Okonofua FE, Ntoimo LFC, Unuabonah E, Msagati TAM, Ekwo MC, Ayodeji OF, Aziken ME, Maduako KT, Onoh VI, Omonkhua A, Ohenhen V, Olafusi CO, Alfred MO. Association Between Urinary Parabens and Sperm Quality in Nigerian Men: A Case-Control Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2767-2779. [PMID: 38887664 PMCID: PMC11182354 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s461367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parabens, which are chemicals used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, have been reported to be associated with low sperm quality in animal and human models. Despite the high exposure of men to paraben-containing products in Nigeria, there are no known studies that investigate the association of parabens with sperm quality in the country. Objective To determine the association of urinary levels of metabolites of parabens with sperm count and quality. Design/Setting A multicenter case-control study among fertile and infertile men in five hospitals in southern Nigeria. A total of 136 men diagnosed with male infertility (cases) were compared with 154 controls with normal fertility. Urinary levels of parabens (ethyl-paraben, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) were measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, while semen analysis and hormone assays were carried out using World Health Organization standards and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Data were analyzed with non-parametric statistics and non-parametric linear regression. Results The results showed high levels of parabens in both cases and controls. However, there was no statistically significant difference in urinary levels of ethyl-paraben, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben between cases and controls. In contrast, propylparaben had a decreasing association with total motility in both groups, but the effect was only statistically significant in the case of male infertility. The results of the regression analysis showed that a unit increase in propylparaben significantly decreased total motility in the cases (infertile men). Similarly, a unit increase in propylparaben decreased morphology significantly in the unadjusted model for infertile men. Only serum testosterone showed an insignificant correlation with urinary parabens. Conclusion We conclude that urinary parabens are associated with features of poor sperm quality - motility, morphology, and volume. Measures to reduce exposure of men to agents containing parabens in Nigeria may reduce the prevalence of male infertility in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ebhodaghe Okonofua
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Women’s Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Lorretta Favour Chizomam Ntoimo
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Women’s Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Unuabonah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Michael Emefiele Aziken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Toby Maduako
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Vivian Ifunanya Onoh
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Akhere Omonkhua
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ohenhen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Celestina Oluwaseun Olafusi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ilaje, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Moses O Alfred
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barraza J, Cleofas P, Villamil S, García M, López A, Casas E, Salazar Z, Pichardo F, Barajas-Salinas A, Núñez-Macías E, Ramírez Y, Bonilla E, Bahena I, Ortíz-Muñíz R, Cortés-Barberena E, Betancourt M, Casillas F. In vitro exposure of porcine spermatozoa to methylparaben, and propylparaben, alone or in combination adversely affects sperm quality. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38862408 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Parabens (PBs) are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries as preservatives of products. Because of its great use, humans and other organisms are highly exposed daily. However, little is known about the effect of PBs on male infertility. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of methylparaben (MePB) and propylparaben (PrPB), alone or in combination, on the physiological characteristics of pig in vitro exposed sperm to different concentrations (0, 200, 500, and 700 μM) for viability, motility, and acrosome integrity evaluation and (0, 200, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 μM) for DNA fragmentation index evaluation, after 4 h of exposure. The results showed that sperm viability decreased after exposure to MePB from the concentration of 500 μM. In the PrPB and mixture groups, viability decreased at all concentrations except for the control. The decrease in viability of sperm exposed to PrPB was greater than that of the mixture and MePB groups. Sperm motility decreased in all the experimental groups exposed to PBs, at all concentrations, except for the control group. Acrosome integrity was not decreased in the MePB group; however, in the PrPB group, it decreased at a concentration of 200 μM and in the mixture at 500 μM. All groups exhibited DNA damage at different concentrations, except for the control group. Additionally, the effect of PBs on sperm quality was concentration-dependent. The results demonstrated that MePB and PrPB alone or in combination can have adverse effects on sperm quality parameters. MePB had lower toxicity than did both PrPB and the mixture. The mixture did not have an additive effect on any of the parameters evaluated. This could partially explain the link between PB exposure and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Barraza
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
- Master's degree in Animal Reproduction Biology, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P Cleofas
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Villamil
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M García
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A López
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Casas
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Z Salazar
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Pichardo
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Barajas-Salinas
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Núñez-Macías
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Y Ramírez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Bonilla
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I Bahena
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Ortíz-Muñíz
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Cortés-Barberena
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Betancourt
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Casillas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martins FC, Oliveira MM, Gaivão I, A Videira R, Peixoto F. The administration of methyl and butyl parabens interferes with the enzymatic antioxidant system and induces genotoxicity in rat testis: possible relation to male infertility. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:322-329. [PMID: 36756703 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2176512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used for decades as a preservative in many products, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, foods and cosmetics. Concerns regarding parabens toxicity include adverse effects on endocrine activity, carcinogenesis, infertility, spermatogenesis, and adipogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo administration of methyl and butylparaben at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, by subcutaneous injection, in variable murinometric measurements, antioxidant systems and genotoxicity. The administration of parabens did not affect the consumption of water and food. However, there was a decrease in the weight of the testes and the seminal vesicle (p < 0.05). The administration of parabens caused an increase in superoxide dismutase for methylparaben (200 mg/kg) and both concentrations of butylparaben (p < 0.05). Catalase showed increased activity in all groups treated with parabens. In contrast, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase suffered a decrease in the groups treated with both parabens. These results show that parabens, especially butyl, can affect the rat testis enzymatic antioxidant system, decreasing the cellular antioxidant capacity, which was confirmed by the decrease in the glutathione reducing power, expressed by the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Therefore, an increase in lipid peroxidation was observed, which was significant in the case of butyl. Genetic Damage Indicator values show that butylparaben treatments displayed significantly higher values than the control. This study shows for the first time that parabens can induce genotoxicity in the rat male reproductive organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C Martins
- CQVR, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M M Oliveira
- CQVR, Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- CECAV, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- CQVR, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiwitt-Cárdenas J, Arense-Gonzalo JJ, Adoamnei E, Sarabia-Cos L, Vela-Soria F, Fernández MF, Gosálvez J, Mendiola J, Torres-Cantero AM. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, parabens and benzophenone-type ultra violet light filters in relation to sperm DNA fragmentation in young men: A chemical mixtures approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169314. [PMID: 38103620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
People are daily exposed to multiple endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that may interfere with different molecular and cellular processes, promoting a potential estrogenic, androgenic, or anti-androgenic state. However, most epidemiological studies attempting to establish relationships between EDCs exposure and health effects are still considering individual compounds. A few studies have shown associations between exposure to individual non-persistent EDCs and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in different male populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between combined exposure to non-persistent EDCs and SDF index in young men. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 158 healthy university students from Southeaster Spain. The participants provided spot urine and semen samples on the same day. The concentrations of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenones [2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1); 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4OHBP)], and parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben) were measured by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. SDF was analysed using a Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test. Statistical analyses were carried out using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression models to evaluate associations between combined exposure to these compounds and SDF index while adjusting by relevant covariates. The increase in urinary concentration of 4OHBP was found to be the most important contributor to the negative association between urinary EDCs concentrations and SDF index, being of -5.5 % [95 % CI: -10.7, -0.3] for those in percentile 50, and - 5.4 % [95 % CI: -10.8, -0.1] for those in percentile 75. No significant associations were observed between other EDCs and SDF index. Our findings show that urinary 4OHBP levels may be associated with a decrease in the SDF index. Nonetheless, the effects we observed were likely to be small and of uncertain clinical significance. Further research is needed to replicate our findings in other male populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kiwitt-Cárdenas
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Julián J Arense-Gonzalo
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Department of Nursing, University of Murcia School of Nursing, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Laura Sarabia-Cos
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Instituto de Reproducción Asistida Quirónsalud Dexeus Murcia, Grupo Quirónsalud, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18010 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18010 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang P, Xie J, Huang S, Li X, Deng L, Zhang J, Chen L, Wu N, Huang G, Zhou C, Xiao L, Shen X. "Cocktail" of environmental chemicals and early reproductive outcomes of IVF: The insight from paternal and maternal exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119462. [PMID: 37925986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to various chemicals, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalates (PAEs), and phenols. The effects on early reproductive outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain unclear. METHODS We recruited 192 women and 157 men who underwent IVF treatment. A total of forty-nine urinary chemicals were detected, including six OPEs, fifteen PAEs, six parabens, two chlorophenols, nine bisphenols, five benzophenones, and six synthetic phenolic antioxidants. We examined the individual and joint effects of parental chemical exposure on early reproductive outcomes. RESULTS We found that certain chemicals were associated with early reproductive outcomes in Poisson regression models. For example, urinary diphenyl phosphate was negatively associated with high-quality embryos in both female (β: -0.12, 95%CI: -0.17, -0.07) and male partners (β: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.15, -0.03). A negative association was found between mixed chemicals and high-quality embryos in Bayesian kernel machine regression, weighted quantile sum regression (β: -0.34, 95%CI: -0.60, -0.07), and quantile-based g-computation model (β: -0.69, 95%CI: -1.34, -0.05) among female partners. Paternal mixture exposure was not associated with early reproductive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that increased exposure to environmental chemicals was associated with adverse early reproductive outcomes of IVF, especially female partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinying Xie
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Songyi Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Langjing Deng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nanxin Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangtong Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran-Lam TT, Thi Phung AT, Thi Pham P, Quang Bui M, Hai Dao Y, Truong Le G. Occurrence, biomagnification, and risk assessment of parabens and their metabolites in marine fish: The case study of Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140221. [PMID: 37741370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Parabens have emerged as the primary preservative of choice in numerous consumer goods, prompting growing apprehension regarding their potential for human exposure. The study employed the optimized QuEChERs sample extraction method and the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS system to generate the initial contamination profiles of seven parabens and their four metabolites in a total of 114 fish samples found along the coastline of Vietnam. The findings of the study indicated that methylparaben was the predominant substance detected, exhibiting the highest concentration in the largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) species at 32.8 ng g-1 dry weight (dw). Additionally, the metabolites with the highest detectable concentrations in the largehead hairtail were found to be 4-HB and 3,4-DHB, with levels of 8822.0 ng g-1 dw and 3490.8 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Besides, the study reveals notable variations in paraben concentrations across three distinct regions in Vietnam, namely the Central, North, and South (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). The trophic magnification factors (TMF) for methylparaben, ethylparaben, ethyl protocatechuate, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid exhibited values exceeding 1, indicating substantial biomagnification of these substances within the marine food web of Vietnam. Additionally, noteworthy positive associations have been observed between methylparaben and ethylparaben, as well as their respective metabolites. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that there is no direct impact of seafood consumption on human health in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thien Tran-Lam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Institute of Mechanics and Applied Informatics, VAST, 291 Dien Bien Phu, Ward 7, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh-Tuyet Thi Phung
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Thi Pham
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Quang Bui
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Hai Dao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Giang Truong Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin Y, Xie Z, Sun X, Wu X, Zhang J, Shi H, Ding L, Hong M. Effect of Butyl Paraben on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mauremys sinensis. TOXICS 2023; 11:915. [PMID: 37999567 PMCID: PMC10674816 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Butyl paraben (BuP) has been widely used as a preservative in the cosmetics, food, and medicine industries. Recently, it has become a new pollutant and has attracted much attention. In order to evaluate the toxic effect of BuP on aquatic animals, Chinese striped-neck turtles (Mauremys sinensis) were exposed to BuP solutions with different concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, and 5000 µg/L for 20 weeks. The results showed that with an increase in BuP concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-PX) in liver decreased. The expression of key genes in the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathways first increased and then decreased, while the expression of the HSP70 and HSP90 genes increased. In addition, the liver had an inflammatory reaction. The expression of the BAFF and IL-6 genes increased and then decreased with an increase in BuP concentration, while the expression of P50 and P65 increased significantly. Oxidative stress induced apoptosis, and the expression of pro-apoptosis genes (BAX, cytc, Caspase3 and Caspase9) increased, while the expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2 decreased. The results provide an important reference for the comprehensive ecological and health risk assessment of environmental BuP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Y.Y.); (Z.X.); (X.S.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Virtanen HE, Rodprasert W, Toppari J. Deteriorating Semen Quality: The Role of the Environment. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:226-240. [PMID: 38499038 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Since the end of the last century, several reports have suggested that semen quality is declining, especially in Western countries. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies using similar protocols have suggested regional differences in semen quality of young and fertile men. Reasons for these regional differences and local adverse trends in semen quality are unknown, but environmental factors are suspected to have a role. Besides adulthood environmental exposures, those occurring during testicular development may also affect semen quality. Longitudinal follow-up studies and mixture risk analyses are needed to study the effect of fetal, childhood, and adult life environment on semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flasch M, Koellensperger G, Warth B. Comparing the sensitivity of a low- and a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for xenobiotic trace analysis: An exposome-type case study. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341740. [PMID: 37827628 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical exposome consists of environmental exposures experienced throughout a lifetime but to date analytical approaches to investigate the plethora of low-abundance chemicals remain very limited. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is commonly applied in untargeted exposome-wide analyses of xenobiotics in biological samples; however, human biomonitoring approaches usually utilize targeted low-resolution triple quadrupole (QQQ) mass spectrometry tailored to a small number of chemicals. HRMS can cover a broader chemical space but the detection of molecules from low-level exposure amidst a background of highly-abundant endogenous molecules has proven to be difficult. In this study, a triple quadrupole (QQQ) and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) with identical chromatography were utilized to determine the limits of quantitation (LOQ) of >100 xenobiotics and estrogenic hormones in pure solvent and human urine. Both instrumental platforms are currently applied in exposure assessment studies and were operated in their most frequently used acquisition mode (full scan for HRMS and multiple reaction monitoring for QQQ) to mimic typical applications. For HRMS analyses, the median LOQ was 0.9 and 1.2 ng/mL in solvent and urine, respectively, while for low-resolution QQQ measurements, the median LOQ was 0.1 and 0.2 ng/mL in solvent and urine, respectively. To evaluate the calculated LOQs in complex biological samples, spot urine samples from 24 Nigerian female volunteers were investigated. The higher LOQ values for HRMS resulted in less quantified low-abundance analytes and decreased the number of compounds detected below the LOQ. Even at chronic low-dose exposure, such compounds might be relevant for human health because of high individual toxicity or potential mixture effects. Nevertheless, HRMS enabled the additional screening for exposure to unexpected/unknown analytes, including emerging compounds and biotransformation products. Therefore, a synergy between high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry may currently be the best option to elucidate and quantify xenobiotics in comprehensive exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen X, Zhan M, Wang Y, Tang W, Zhang Q, Zhang J. Exposure to parabens and semen quality in reproductive-aged men. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115453. [PMID: 37688867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens are common preservatives in personal care products, cosmetics, and medical goods. In the past few years, animal studies showed the male reproductive toxicity associated with some parabens. Yet, epidemiological studies have generated inconsistent findings and research rarely has focused on the mixture effects of the parabens. We aimed to explore the associations between individual paraben exposure as well as the mixture and semen quality parameters. METHODS A total of 795 male partners from preconception couples were included in the study. Their urine samples were analyzed for the concentrations of six parabens, namely methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben (BuP), benzyl paraben (BzP) and heptyl paraben (HeP). Multiple linear regression models and weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) models were utilized to assess the relationships between individual paraben exposure and paraben mixture with semen quality parameters, respectively. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, exposure to a paraben mixture was significantly associated with declining sperm concentration, total sperm count, and progressive motility, among which BuP was identified as the main contributor to sperm concentration and total sperm count while MeP to progressive motility. Results from multiple linear regression models were generally in line with the WQS analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest negative associations between paraben mixture and sperm concentration, total sperm count, and sperm motility among reproductive-aged men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez-Carrillo A, Remy S, D'Cruz SC, Salamanca-Fernandez E, Gil F, Olmedo P, Mustieles V, Vela-Soria F, Baken K, Olea N, Smagulova F, Fernandez MF, Freire C. Kisspeptin as potential biomarker of environmental chemical mixture effect on reproductive hormone profile: A pilot study in adolescent males. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161668. [PMID: 36657687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin has been proposed as an effect biomarker to understand the mechanisms by which some environmental chemicals adversely affect the human reproductive system. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether kisspeptin serum protein and DNA methylation levels are associated with exposure to several environmental chemicals (individually and as a mixture) and serum reproductive hormone levels in adolescent males. METHODS Three phenols (bisphenol A [BPA], methyl-paraben [MPB], and benzophenone-3 [BP3]); two toxic metals (arsenic and cadmium); and four metabolites of non-persistent pesticides, including insecticides (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol [IMPy], malathion diacid [MDA], and dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid [DCCA]) and fungicides (ethylene thiourea [ETU]) were measured in first-morning urine samples of 133 adolescent males aged 15-17 years from the INMA-Granada cohort. In blood samples collected on the same day, KISS1 gene DNA methylation was measured at four CpGs from the Exon IV, as well as serum levels of kiss54 protein, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding-globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Multiple linear regression and mixture (quantile g-computation) models were fit. RESULTS Urinary MDA and DCCA concentrations were associated with higher kiss54 levels [% change (95%CI) for each log-unit increase in concentration = 2.90 (0.32;5.56), and 1.93 (0.45,3.43), respectively]; IMPy with lower DNA methylation percentage at CpG1 and total CpGs [% change (95%CI) = -1.15 (-1.96;-0.33): -0.89 (-1.73;-0.01), respectively]; and BP3 and DCCA with lower total CpGs methylation [-0.53 (-1.04;-0.01) and - 0.69 (-1.37;-0.01), respectively]. The pesticide mixture and the whole chemical mixture were associated with higher kiss54 [% change (95%CI) = 9.09 (3.29;15.21) and 11.61 (3.96;19.82), respectively] and lower methylation levels at several CpGs. Additionally, serum kiss54 in the third tertile was associated with higher LH levels [% change (95%CI) = 28.69 (3.75-59.63)], and third-tertile CpG1, CpG2, and total CpG methylation percentages were associated with lower FSH and E2. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study and the negative correlation between serum kiss54 levels and KISS1 DNA methylation percentages suggested that kisspeptin may be a promising effect biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodriguez-Carrillo
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elena Salamanca-Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Kirsten Baken
- Unit Health, VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fátima Smagulova
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Carmen Freire
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Environmental toxicants and male fertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86:102298. [PMID: 36623980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Semen quality has declined especially among Western men. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown potential links between exposure to environmental toxicants and poor male fertility. Some environmental exposures in utero can disrupt fetal testicular function and result in cryptorchidism, low semen quality, low serum testosterone levels, and low fertility. Environmental exposure in childhood and adulthood can also adversely affect germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, resulting in impaired male fertility. In this review, we report the latest results from human studies that investigated the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and use of marijuana in low semen quality and impaired male fertility. Current evidence suggests the relationship between these environmental factors and low male fertility; however, some factors showed conflicting results which need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Helena E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qu J, Zhao Y, Zhao M, Wu P, Xue J, Jin H. Human serum paraben levels and their associations with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study from Hangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7198-7206. [PMID: 36031678 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in consumer products resulting in frequent exposure to humans. To date, little is known about the association between human paraben exposure and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, a case-control study (n = 290) was conducted in Hangzhou, China, aiming to quantify the concentrations of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), and butyl paraben (BuP) in serum samples and to determine their associations with RA risks. MeP (mean 4.7 ng/mL, range <0.05-20 ng/mL) was the predominant paraben in human serum, followed by PrP (1.9 ng/mL, <0.12-24 ng/mL), EtP (1.4 ng/mL, <0.09-10 ng/mL), and BuP (1.09 ng/mL, <0.10-10 ng/mL). With 1-unit increase of MeP concentrations in human serum, the levels of rheumatoid factors, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, and immunoglobulin G will increase by 0.19 unit (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.12-0.46), 0.30 unit (95% CI: 0.26-0.58), and 0.24 unit (95% CI: 0.21-0.30) in the adjusted model, respectively. One-unit increase of MeP and PrP concentrations in human serum was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95% CI: 0.037-0.28) and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.10-0.32) in the C-reactive protein concentrations. In addition, an association between serum MeP levels and the incidence of RA (odds ratios (OR)crude = 1.33, CI: 1.11-1.62, p = 0.03; ORadjusted = 1.86, CI: 1.32-2.63, p = 0.02) was positive and significant. Based on the measurements of serum paraben concentrations, this work supports the evidence for the significant associations among paraben exposure, change of specific immune marker, and RA risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
From Oxidative Stress to Male Infertility: Review of the Associations of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (Bisphenols, Phthalates, and Parabens) with Human Semen Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081617. [PMID: 36009337 PMCID: PMC9405245 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may result in oxidative stress and endocrine system disturbance, which can have an impact on human reproduction and development. In male reproductive health, EDCs have been related to impaired reproductive function and male infertility, altered fetal development, and testicular germ-cell, prostate, and breast cancers. We conducted an electronic search using PubMed on endocrine disruptors related to oxidative stress and male infertility, and evaluated their association with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, and parabens) in 25 articles. Higher levels of urinary bisphenols showed correlation with impaired semen quality and increased DNA damage. Considering phthalates and their metabolites, all studies found a positive association between urinary levels of phthalates and at least one semen parameter indicative of low semen quality; some studies also revealed sperm DNA damage. The studies on parabens less often revealed correlation of urinary parabens concentrations with a decrease in sperm count, as well as motility and DNA damage. Moreover, EDCs can elevate ROS production and lipid peroxidation, increase apoptosis, induce epigenetic modifications, and change the Y:X sperm chromosome ratio and sperm protein composition. Our review revealed detrimental effects of EDCs on semen quality and sperm DNA integrity-especially in BPA and phthalates, but also in parabens.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu P, Pan C, Su W, Vinturache A, Hu Y, Dong X, Ding G. Associations between exposure to a mixture of phenols, parabens, and phthalates and sex steroid hormones in children 6-19 years from NHANES, 2013-2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153548. [PMID: 35114227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are typically exposed to mixtures of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals simultaneously, but most studies have considered only a single chemical or a class of similar chemicals. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of exposure to mixtures of 7 chemicals, including 2 phenols [bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)], 2 parabens [methylparaben (MeP) and propyl paraben (PrP)], and 3 phthalate metabolites [Mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono (carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP)] with sex steroid hormones. METHODS A total of 1179 children aged 6-19 years who had complete data on both 7 chemicals and sex steroid hormones of estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. Free androgen index (FAI) calculated by TT/SHBG, and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) were also estimated. Puberty was defined if TT ≥ 50 ng/dL in boys, E2 ≥ 20 pg/mL in girls; otherwise prepuberty was defined. Linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to estimate the associations of individual chemical or chemical mixtures with sex hormones. RESULTS The linear regression showed that 2 phenols, 2 parabens, and 3 phthalate metabolites were generally negatively associated with E2, TT, FAI, and TT/E2, while positively with SHBG. Moreover, these associations were more pronounced among pubertal than prepubertal children. The aforementioned associations were confirmed when further applying WQS and BKMR, and the 3 phthalates metabolites were identified to be the most heavily weighing chemicals. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to phenols, parabens, and phthalates, either individuals or as a mixture, was negatively associated with E2, TT, FAI and TT/E2, while positively with SHBG. Those associations were stronger among pubertal children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi Hu
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mishra P, Kiran NS, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Mulla SI. Algae bioprocess to deal with cosmetic chemical pollutants in natural ecosystems: A comprehensive review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:1083-1097. [PMID: 34913513 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated demand and extensive exploitation of cosmetics in day-to-day life have hiked up its industrial productions worldwide. Organic and inorganic chemicals like parabens, phthalates, sulfates, and so forth are being applied as constituents towards the formulations, which tend to be the mainspring ecological complication due to their enduring nature and accumulation properties in various sections of the ecosystem. These cosmetic chemicals get accrued into the terrestrial and aquatic systems on account of various anthropogenic activities involving agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and domestic effluents. Recently, the use of microbes for remediating persistent cosmetic chemicals has gained immense interest. Among different forms of the microbial community being applied as an environmental beneficiary, algae play a vital role in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by their biologically beneficial metabolites and molecules, resulting in the biobenign and efficacious consequences. The use of various bacterial, fungal, and higher plant species has been studied intensely for their bioremediation elements. The bioremediating property of the algal cells through biosorption, bioassimilation, biotransformation, and biodegradation has made it favorable for the removal of persistent and toxic pollutants from the environment. However, the research investigation concerned with the bioremediation potential of the algal kingdom is limited. This review summarizes and provides updated and comprehensive insights into the potential remediation capabilities of algal species against ecologically hazardous pollutants concerning cosmetic chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N S Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bayebila Menanzambi T, Dufour P, Pirard C, Nsangu J, Mufusama JP, Mbinze Kindenge J, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Charlier C. Bio-surveillance of environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): a small pilot study. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:197. [PMID: 34782023 PMCID: PMC8591802 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollutants are known to be ubiquitous and may present toxic effects (endocrine-disruption properties, carcinogenicity …) and represent a real threat to human health. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the content of environmental pollutants (inorganic, persistent, and non-persistent pollutants) in biological samples (urine, serum, and whole blood), collected from volunteers in Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, in order to identify pollutants of interest and to design a protocol for a larger scale study. METHODS From randomly selected 15 volunteers living in Kinshasa, aged from 25 to 66 years, (mean age = 43.4 years), including 10 men and 5 women, urine, whole blood, and serum samples were used in this study to estimate the contents in these environmental pollutants, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS When compared to data nationally and internationally available, the preliminary outcomes of this study indicated a very high level of exposure to environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, especially for heavy metals, parabens and triclosan. To a lesser extent, contamination measured for glyphosate, phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroids and dialkylphosphate pesticides was also significant. In contrast, the investigated population of Kinshasa was found to be weakly exposed to other persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, phenolic organohalogens, and perfluoroalkyl substances. CONCLUSION Although the biologic fluids were collected from a limited number of volunteers (n = 15), the results of the present report clearly indicate that the population of Kinshasa is not spared by the investigated environmental pollutants. Moreover, this study gives us important information to design a larger scale study protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Nsangu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Pierre Mufusama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Mbinze Kindenge
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu L, Peng F, Yuan D, Zhang L, Guo Y, Chang B, Shi X, Ding C, Liang X. Correlation study of parabens in urine, serum, and seminal plasma of adult men in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41120-41126. [PMID: 33774781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of parabens raise concerns about their extensive use as preservatives in consumer products, especially in cosmetics. Until now, their distribution and excretion in humans have attracted little attention. Here, we quantified various agents including, for the first time, methyl-; ethyl-; n-propyl-; n-butyl-, and i-butylparaben (MeP, EtP, PrP, n-BuP, i-BuP); methyl- and ethyl-protocatechuate (OH-MeP and OH-EtP); hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB); and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB) in urine, serum, and seminal plasma samples from 50 healthy Chinese men in Beijing, China. Urine paraben concentrations were 1-2 orders of magnitudes higher than those in serum and seminal plasma. MeP and PrP were predominant and correlated with each other in the urine, serum, and seminal plasma. In urine, we observed a significant correlation between MeP and OH-MeP; EtP and OH-EtP; and 4-HB and 3,4-DHB concentrations. All these results provide new information on parabens as biomarkers for the assessment of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Fangda Peng
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Male Clinical Research, the Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health of National Health Commission of PRC, Human Sperm Bank, Research Institute of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Male Clinical Research, the Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health of National Health Commission of PRC, Human Sperm Bank, Research Institute of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bing Chang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Chunguang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- Department of Male Clinical Research, the Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health of National Health Commission of PRC, Human Sperm Bank, Research Institute of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Controversy around parabens: Alternative strategies for preservative use in cosmetics and personal care products. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110488. [PMID: 33221305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens usage as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products have been debated among scientists and consumers. Parabens are easy to production, effective and cheap, but its safety status remains controversial. Other popular cosmetics preservatives are formaldehyde, triclosan, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. Although their high antimicrobial effectiveness, they also exhibit some adverse health effects. Lately, scientists have shown that natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts present antimicrobial potential. However, their use in cosmetic is a challenge. The present review article is a comprehensive summary of the available methods to prevent microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care products, which can allow reducing the use of parabens in these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liszewski W, Zaidi AJ, Fournier E, Scheman A. Review of aluminum, paraben, and sulfate product disclaimers on personal care products. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 87:1081-1086. [PMID: 34144080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Product disclaimers listed on personal care products face limited regulation. These disclaimers may be helpful or may mislead the public. OBJECTIVE Review the evidence supporting the potential harms of three compounds commonly addressed by product disclaimers: parabens, aluminum, and sulfates. METHODS Reported cases of adverse events to these compounds were identified. Trends in allergic contact dermatitis to chemicals used in place of these compounds were also identified. RESULTS There is limited evidence that parabens and aluminum pose a threat to human health; there is even less evidence that topical sulfate containing products pose a danger to consumers. In the setting of paraben avoidence, there has been a steady increase in cases of allergic contact dermatitis to preservatives which are more allergenic, specifically the isothiazolinones. LIMITATIONS Assessment of the toxicology of these compounds is ongoing and may change with new data. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence that parabens, aluminum, and sulfates used in personal care products pose a health risk. There is evidence that avoidance of parabens has resulted in an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis to isothiazolonine preservatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;; Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - A Jaafar Zaidi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elise Fournier
- North Shore Center for Medical Aesthetics, Northbrook, IL
| | - Andrew Scheman
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;; North Shore Center for Medical Aesthetics, Northbrook, IL
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Zhong S, Zhang M, Zhong W, Bai S, Zhao Y, Li C, Lu S, Li W. Urinary parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in primiparas from Shenzhen, China: Implications for exposure and health risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:251-259. [PMID: 34150233 PMCID: PMC8172738 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The usage of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in diverse consumer products is in widespread. Nevertheless, there are limited data concerning exposure to these chemicals in human being, especially in primiparas. Biomonitoring of chemicals in primiparas is useful for the estimation of chemical exposure risks for both primiparas and their offspring. This study aims to investigate urinary levels of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan of 84 primiparas from Shenzhen, China and to evaluate their potential health risks. Methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl parabens bisphenol A and triclosan exhibited high detection rates (DRs) (> 97%) in urine samples, suggesting that primiparas are exposed to them widely. The median concentrations of methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl parabens, bispenol A and triclosan in urine were 2.14, 4.10, 0.46, 1.30 and 3.00 µg/L, respectively. Ethyl paraben was the predominant paraben accounting for nearly half of Σ3parabens (The sum concentrations of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl parabens). Positive associations with significance (p < 0.05) were found between the usage of plastic containers and urinary concentrations of ethyl paraben or BPA, indicating plastic containers might be an important factor influencing primipara exposure to these two chemicals. Urinary concentrations of methyl paraben were positively associated (p < 0.05) with the time of computer use by participant, suggesting that indoor dust might constitute an important source of parabens. The estimated daily intakes of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan contrasted with the acceptable daily intakes in a comparatively low level. The hazard quotients (HQs) of these chemicals were all less than 1, suggesting no health risks for primiparas from South China. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00599-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | - Shihua Zhong
- Agricultural Product Quality Safety Inspection and Testing Center of Shenzhen, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | - Weichuan Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paraben Compounds—Part I: An Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in different industries as preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. The evolution of analytical techniques allowed the detection of these compounds in different sources at µg/L and ng/L. Until today, parabens were already found in water sources, air, soil and even in human tissues. The impact of parabens in humans, animals and in ecosystems are a matter of discussion within the scientific community, but it is proven that parabens can act as endocrine disruptors, and some reports suggest that they are carcinogenic compounds. The presence of parabens in ecosystems is mainly related to wastewater discharges. This work gives an overview about the paraben problem, starting with their characteristics and applications. Moreover, the dangers related to their usage were addressed through the evaluation of toxicological studies over different species as well as of humans. Considering this, paraben detection in different water sources, wastewater treatment plants, humans and animals was analyzed based on literature results. A review of European legislation regarding parabens was also performed, presenting some considerations for the use of parabens.
Collapse
|
23
|
Green MP, Harvey AJ, Finger BJ, Tarulli GA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impacts on human fertility and fecundity during the peri-conception period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110694. [PMID: 33385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly difficult to avoid exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and environmental toxicants. This escalating yet constant exposure is postulated to partially explain the concurrent decline in human fertility that has occurred over the last 50 years. Controversy however remains as to whether associations exist, with conflicting findings commonly reported for all major EDC classes. The primary aim of this extensive work was to identify and review strong peer-reviewed evidence regarding the effects of environmentally-relevant EDC concentrations on adult male and female fertility during the critical periconception period on reproductive hormone concentrations, gamete and embryo characteristics, as well as the time to pregnancy in the general population. Secondly, to ascertain whether individuals or couples diagnosed as sub-fertile exhibit higher EDC or toxicant concentrations. Lastly, to highlight where little or no data exists that prevents strong associations being identified. From the greater than 1480 known EDCs, substantial evidence supports a negative association between exposure to phthalates, PCBs, PBDEs, pyrethroids, organochloride pesticides and male fertility and fecundity. Only moderate evidence exists for a negative association between BPA, PCBs, organochloride pesticides and female fertility and fecundity. Overall fewer studies were reported in women than men, with knowledge gaps generally evident for both sexes for all the major EDC classes, as well as a paucity of female fertility studies following exposure to parabens, triclosans, dioxins, PFAS, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Generally, sub-fertile individuals or couples exhibit higher EDC concentrations, endorsing a positive association between EDC exposure and sub-fertility. This review also discusses confounding and limiting factors that hamper our understanding of EDC exposures on fertility and fecundity. Finally, it highlights future research areas, as well as government, industry and social awareness strategies required to mitigate the negative effects of EDC and environmental toxicant exposure on human fertility and fecundity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barbaud A, Lafforgue C. Risks associated with cosmetic ingredients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 148:77-93. [PMID: 33642039 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The media and social networks often echo fears about the potential toxicity of cosmetics and the dangers they pose to the environment. Dermatologists may be asked about these topics, but despite regulatory labelling constraints and the proliferation of specialized sites and applications, they do not always have access to reliable information. It is for this reason that we are providing the present overview of current knowledge on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Barbaud
- Sorbonne université, INSERM, institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidemiologie et de santé publique, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, hopital Tenon, service de dermatologie et allergologie, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - C Lafforgue
- Unité de dermopharmacologie et cosmétologie, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris sud - Paris Saclay, 5, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vandenberg LN, Bugos J. Assessing the Public Health Implications of the Food Preservative Propylparaben: Has This Chemical Been Safely Used for Decades. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:54-70. [PMID: 33415721 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parabens are chemicals containing alkyl-esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which give them antimicrobial, antifungal, and preservative properties. Propylparaben (PP) is one paraben that has been widely used in personal care products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food. In this review, we address the ongoing controversy over the safety of parabens, and PP specifically. These chemicals have received significant public attention after studies published almost 20 years ago suggested plausible associations between PP exposures and breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we use key characteristics, a systematic approach to evaluate the endocrine disrupting properties of PP based on features of "known" endocrine disruptors, and consider whether its classification as a "weak" estrogen should alleviate public health concerns over human exposures. We also review the available evidence from rodent and human studies to illustrate how the large data gaps that exist in hazard assessments raise concerns about current evaluations by regulatory agencies that PP use is safe. Finally, we address the circular logic that is used to suggest that because PP has been used for several decades, it must be safe. We conclude that inadequate evidence has been provided for the safe use of PP in food, cosmetics, and consumer products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Jennifer Bugos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health in Boys and Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:706532. [PMID: 34690925 PMCID: PMC8530230 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive health has declined as indicated by increasing rates of cryptorchidism, i.e., undescended testis, poor semen quality, low serum testosterone level, and testicular cancer. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been proposed to have a role in this finding. In utero exposure to antiandrogenic EDCs, particularly at a sensitive period of fetal testicular development, the so-called 'masculinization programming window (MPW)', can disturb testicular development and function. Low androgen effect during the MPW can cause both short- and long-term reproductive disorders. A concurrent exposure to EDCs may also affect testicular function or damage testicular cells. Evidence from animal studies supports the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in development of male reproductive disorders. However, evidence from epidemiological studies is relatively mixed. In this article, we review the current literature that evaluated relationship between prenatal EDC exposures and anogenital distance, cryptorchidism, and congenital penile abnormality called hypospadias. We review also studies on the association between early life and postnatal EDC exposure and semen quality, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone levels and testicular cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena E. Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Helena E. Virtanen,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kiani Feizabadi G, Hajizadeh Y, Feizi A, Ebrahimpour K. Urinary concentrations of parabens amongst Iranian adults and their associations with socio-demographic factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1227-1238. [PMID: 33312637 PMCID: PMC7721947 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens are widely used to prevent organism growth and increase the shelf life of foods, medicines and personal care products (PCPs). Recent studies indicate their potentially harmful effects on human health. There is no information on the extent of exposure to parabens among Iranians. METHODS We measured the concentration of urinary methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) among Iranian adults and calculated their estimated daily intake (EDI). Also, association between the level of urinary parabens with socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were investigated. RESULTS Detection frequencies of MP, EP, PP, and BP were 98.9, 91, 94.3, and 88.2%, and their median urinary concentrations were 69.06, 9.10, 12.4, and 9.87 µg/l, respectively. Urinary parabens were higher in females, and the difference in the concentration of MP and PP was significant. A significantly positive correlation between MP and PP (r = 0.638) and a moderate to a weak correlation between other parabens were observed. There was a significantly negative weak correlation between age and MP, BP and PP. There was also a significant association between different age groups and MP, BP and PP as well as different BMI values and MP. The highest EDI value belonged to MP in the female group. Despite being lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), its value was higher than that reported in other countries (except the US). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that Iranians are widely exposed to the parabens and the range of exposure was associated with socio-demographic factors. These results could serve as a basis for assessing the risk of exposure to parabens amongst Iranians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, and Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hajizadeh Y, Kiani Feizabadi G, Feizi A. Dietary Habits and Personal Care Product Use as Predictors of Urinary Concentrations of Parabens in Iranian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2378-2388. [PMID: 32845562 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of parabens as antimicrobial preservatives in personal care products (PCPs) and foodstuffs, recent studies show that exposure to parabens could result in endocrine disruption. The urinary methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben among 100 adolescents and their relationships with using 19 personal care and 18 food products were evaluated. Urinary paraben concentrations were significantly higher in the high-user group (8-19 products) compared to both low (0-3 products) and middle (4-7 products) user groups. The frequency of PCP use was associated with higher urinary levels of 4 parabens, and the frequency of food product use was associated with higher urinary methylparaben and ethylparaben. The use of mouthwash was associated with higher levels of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben. Users of makeup base had higher methylparaben and propylparaben, users of eye makeup had higher propylparaben, and users of body wash, sunscreen, and lotion had higher urinary propylparaben than nonusers. Consumers of dairy products had significantly higher urinary methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben, and cookie consumers had higher urinary methylparaben and ethylparaben, than nonusers. Consumers of canned foods and chips/snacks had higher methylparaben, and consumers of sauces and jams had higher ethylparaben than nonconsumers. The findings show that certain types of foods and personal care products could be important sources of paraben exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2378-2388. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, and Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lim S. The associations between personal care products use and urinary concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and triclosan in various age groups: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3 2015-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140640. [PMID: 32721747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and parabens are ubiquitous chemicals of public concern. This study aimed to investigate the use of personal care products (PCPs) as predictors of exposure to phthalates, parabens, and triclosan (TCS) among various age groups in a nationally representative population. The concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites, three parabens, and TCS were measured in a random spot urine sample in 5962 study participants (age range: 3-86 years). The information on PCPs use was obtained in seven categories over previous three months. The exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS were different according to the pattern of PCPs use in different age groups and gender. In adolescents and adults, females used all categories of PCPs more frequently than males, with statistical significance. The use rates of PCPs and the significant exposure risks to phthalates, parabens, and TCS associated with PCP use were more clearly observed in adults. The least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) steadily increased, as the cumulative number of used PCPs increased with statistical significance. The exposure risks to MeP were consistently observed with various PCPs use and showed a significant increase as the cumulative number of PCPs use increased in adults. Furthermore, the use of fragrance products, makeup, and air fresheners significantly increased the exposure risk to EtP in preschoolers. The significant exposure risk to mono-(3-carboxypropyl)- phthalate (MCPP) associated with nail polishes use was observed in preschoolers and adults. This study showed the associations between PCPs use and urinary concentrations of phthalates, parabens, and TCS in various age groups. Environmental health policies to reduce exposure to phthalates and parabens should be widely implemented, including industry regulations and increasing public awareness. Future studies are needed to explore other important exposure sources of these chemicals and their related adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ugelvig Petersen K, Balkiss AM, Hærvig KK, Ellekilde Bonde JP, Hougaard KS, Toft G, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Tøttenborg SS. Use of Personal Care Products and Semen Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Danish Men. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030062. [PMID: 32842629 PMCID: PMC7560353 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) may contain multiple chemicals capable of harming male reproductive function. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess aggregated PCP exposure and potential associations with measures of semen quality in young men. Participants (n = 1058, age 18–21) were sampled among young men from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Upon recruitment in 2017–2019, each man answered an online questionnaire and provided a semen sample. Exposure to 12 common types of PCPs was derived from the questionnaire, and the extent of use and co-use was analyzed. We applied a negative binomial regression model to estimate percentage differences in semen parameters between low, medium and high PCP exposure groups. All participants were exposed to at least one PCP more than once a week, resulting in a mean number (SD) of 5.3 (2.0) PCPs currently used. Most participants (92%) were also exposed to fragranced products on a weekly basis. Little association was observed between aggregated exposure to PCPs and sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, sperm motility and morphology. Despite prevalent use of multiple PCPs, we found little indication of adverse effects of aggregated overall or fragranced PCP exposure on semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Mahmoud Balkiss
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; (A.M.B.); (K.K.H.); (J.P.E.B.); (S.S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kiani Feizabadi G, Hajizadeh Y, Feizi A, Ebrahimpour K. Urinary Concentrations of Parabens in a Population of Iranian Adolescent and Their Association with Sociodemographic Indicators. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:195-207. [PMID: 32572517 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in personal care products, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential endocrine disruption effects of parabens. In the present study, the urinary concentration of four common parabens, including methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP), in 100 Iranian adolescents randomly referring to health services centres were analyzed using GC/MS. The association of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, collected through questionnaire, with the concentration of parabens also were studied. Median concentrations of MP, EP, PP, and BP were 92.21, 8.46, 12.26, and 8.42 µg/g creatinine, respectively. There was a strong positive significant correlation between MP and PP (r = 0.694) and moderate to a weak correlation between the other parabens. The concentration of urinary MP in females was significantly higher than those in male (p = 0.021). There was a significant negative association between different BMI groups and MP and EP. There also was a positive significant association between the MP and age, and between MP, EP, and PP, and tobacco use. Although the estimated daily intake of the parabens was lower than the Acceptable Daily Intake, it was higher than those reported in other countries. This confirms the widespread exposure of Iranian adolescents to the paraben compounds and their association with sociodemographic factors. This was the first study reporting the urinary parabens level in Iranian adolescents, and the data can be used as a basis for assessing the risk of exposure to parabens in the Iranian population in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, and Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cherian P, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:5S-97S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581820925001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 21 parabens as preservatives in cosmetic products. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as preservatives; however, 5 are reported to also function as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients under the reported conditions of use in cosmetic formulations. The Panel concluded that 20 of the 21 parabens included in this report are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when the sum of the total parabens in any given formulation does not exceed 0.8%. However, the available data are insufficient to support a conclusion of safety for benzylparaben in cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Cherian
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Corpas-Burgos F, Vento M, Gormaz M, Yusà V. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S and parabens in urine of breastfeeding mothers: Exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109481. [PMID: 32278926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we used human biomonitoring to assess the internal exposure and the risk to four parabens and three bisphenols in 103 Spanish breastfeeding mothers participating in the BETTERMIILK project. Urinary methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) presented detection frequencies ranging from 12% (BP) to 92% (MP), while bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) were detected in 76% (BPA) and 20% (BPF, BPS) of the mothers. Average paraben concentrations (geometric mean) ranged from 0.021 ng mL-1 (BP) to 17.7 ng mL-1 (MP), whereas bisphenols had geometric means concentrations from 0.042 ng mL-1 (BPF) to 0.927 ng mL-1 (BPA). Except for BPA, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were calculated in order to interpret urinary levels in a risk assessment context. The obtained EDIs ranged from 0.00042 mg/kg/day for PP to 0.0434 mg/kg/day for MP and EP. A hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated for BPA (0.0049) and parabens (0.001-0.004), showing no risk in the studied population. Sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, and usage patterns of personal care products (PCPs) were investigated as possible determinants of exposure. Use of makeup and skincare products were associated with higher concentrations of MP and PP, respectively. Regarding dietary habits, MP was also associated with the consumption of packaged and bakery products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yovana Sanchis
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Division at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Neonatal Division at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao Y, Niu X, Qin Y, Guo T, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Unexpected culprit of increased estrogenic effects: Oligomers in the photodegradation of preservative ethylparaben in water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115745. [PMID: 32234607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water have been explicitly associated with adverse effects on human health, therefore representing a major risk to public health. Especially the increased toxicity is frequently observed during the photodegradation of EOCs in natural water, and even wastewater treatment plants. However, the culprit of increased toxicity and formation mechanism has yet to be recognized regarding the estrogenic activity. In this study, by combining laboratory experiments with quantum chemical calculations, the induction of human estrogenic activity was investigated using the yeast two-hybrid reporter assay during the photodegradation of preservatives ethylparaben (EP), along with identification of toxic products and formation mechanisms. Results showed that the increase in estrogenic effect was induced by photochemically generated oligomers, rather than the expected OH-adduct. The maximum estrogenic activity corresponded to the major formation of oligomers, while OH-adducts were less than 12%. Two photochemically generated oligomers were found to contribute to estrogenic activity, produced from the cleavage of excited triplet state molecules and subsequent radical-radical reactions. Computational toxicology results showed that the increased estrogenic activity was attributed to oligomer [4-Hydroxy-isophthalic acid 1-ethyl ester 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)] and its EC50 was lower than that of the parent EP. In contrast, OH-adducts exhibited higher EC50 values than the parent EP, while still possessing estrogenic activity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these photodegradation products of EOCs, including OH-adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hajizadeh Y, Kiani Feizabadi G, Ebrahimpour K, Shoshtari-Yeganeh B, Fadaei S, Darvishmotevalli M, Karimi H. Urinary paraben concentrations and their implications for human exposure in Iranian pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14723-14734. [PMID: 32052325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, medicines, and foods due to its antimicrobial properties. Concerns have been raised regarding the estrogenic activity and potential endocrine disruption effects of parabens. Studies on monitoring of paraben exposure in the Iranian population are very scarce. This study was carried out to measure urinary concentrations of parabens, to estimate their daily intake, and to identify some of the sociodemographic factors affecting exposure to these compounds. The concentrations of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) were measured in urine samples collected from 95 Iranian pregnant women by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The highest median concentration was 87.0 μg/L for MP, followed by PP, EP, and BP with median concentrations of 15.6, 9.64, and 8.57 μg/L, respectively. Except BP, the urinary concentrations of other parabens were comparable to those in other countries. Also, the highest daily intake was related to MP (median = 16.5 μg/kg-BW/day), which is less than the acceptable daily intake (ADI). A significant positive correlation was observed between the measured parabens. Significant negative associations were observed between age and BP, BMI and EP as well as parity and PP. On the other hand, income and smoking were significantly positively associated with MP, BP and EP, BP, respectively. The urinary MP and BP concentrations were higher among the subjects with diploma education (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively), and during the spring, urinary MP concentration was higher than other seasons. The results showed that Iranian pregnant women are more prone to parabens and their urinary paraben concentrations are associated with sociodemographic factors. This result could serve as a basis for evaluating the rate of exposure of the Iranian population to parabens in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shoshtari-Yeganeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Fadaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishmotevalli
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Quan Q, Li X, Sun W, Zhu K, Wang X, Sun X, Zhan M, Xu W, Lu L, Fan J, Gao Y. Occurrence of parabens and their metabolites in the paired urine and blood samples from Chinese university students: Implications on human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109288. [PMID: 32311914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, a group of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, are extensively used in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuff. In the present study, the total forms (free plus conjugated) of four parent parabens, such as methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP), and four metabolites, namely methyl protocatechuate (OH-MeP), ethyl protocatechuate (OH-EtP), p-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB), and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (3,4-DHB), were detected in paired urine and blood samples collected from 196 Chinese university students. The median urinary and blood parabens and their metabolites concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 167 ng/mL and from <0.02 to 2.88 ng/mL, respectively. MeP was the predominant parent parabens, accounting for 68% and 52% of urine and blood samples, respectively. Furthermore, 4-HB predominantly contributed to the parabens and their metabolites in urine (54%) and blood (41%). Significant positive correlations were observed between the urinary levels and blood levels. Moreover, relatively high levels of parabens and their metabolites were detected in urine samples. Our results imply that urinary concentrations are good predictors of human exposure to parabens and metabolites. Gender-related difference in urinary concentrations of parabens and their metabolites were found. The median urinary levels of the tested compounds in females were significantly higher than those in males (Mann Whitney U test, p < 0.05 or 0.01). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeP, EtP, and PrP were also evaluated. The median values of EDIMeP, EDIEtP, and EDIPrP for all of the university students were estimated to be 25.9, 1.61, and 3.82 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The median values (μg/kg bw/day) of EDIMeP, EDIEtP, and EDIPrP were higher in females (53.7, 8.65, and 5.22) than in males (8.41, 0.85, and 2.57). This study is the first study to report the occurrence of parabens and their metabolites in paired urine and blood samples in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qiang Quan
- Radiotherapy Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Kairui Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xufang Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu S, Ren L, Liu Y, Ma H, Liu S, Zhu Z, Tang Z, Kang L, Liao S. Urinary parabens in children from South China: Implications for human exposure and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113007. [PMID: 31421570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are extensively applied in cosmetics, drugs or food as preservatives and have become common pollutants in environmental media. However, data on human exposure to these chemicals is still limited, especially for children. This study aimed to investigate parabens in urine samples of children and to evaluate the cumulative risk of paraben exposure. Five short-chain parabens were measured in 255 urine samples collected from children in a kindergarten and elementary schools from South China. Methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP) and n-propyl paraben (PrP) were widely detected in urine samples (detection rates > 94.9%), indicating their widespread exposure. The urinary median concentrations of MeP, EtP and PrP were 2.25, 0.33 and 0.50 μg/L, respectively. Significantly positive correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between MeP and PrP in urine, suggesting similar sources and/or metabolic pathways of these two chemicals. The median estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of parabens were determined to be 18.1 and 9.79 μg/kg-bw/day for kindergarten children and elementary school students, respectively. Estimation of human intake and exposure risks indicated potential risks of PrP exposure for elementary school students. This is the first study addressing paraben exposure in South China children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lu Ren
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Kang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shicheng Liao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu Y, Li W, Lu S, Wu S, Wang F, Tse LA, Kang L, Ma S. Urinary parabens in adults from South China: Implications for human exposure and health risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109419. [PMID: 31301591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a kind of preservatives widely used in cosmetic and personal care products and ubiquitously detected in the environment. However, little is known on human exposure to these chemicals. Our study mainly investigated the urinary parabens in adults from South China to evaluate the cumulative risk of paraben exposure. A total of 562 urine samples were collected from adult workers for the determination of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben, and benzyl parabens. High detection frequencies (≥98%) were observed for MeP, EtP, and PrP with median concentrations of 8.88, 5.11, and 1.44 μg/L, respectively. Urinary parabens was 4.5-46.2 fold higher in urine of females than those in males. Urinary MeP was associated with alcohol drinking and a history of tumor, while urinary PrP was negatively associated with education levels of the subjects. There were not significant associations between urinary concentrations of parabens and body mass index, which indicated that obesity was not associated with paraben exposure. Also, parabens did not correlate with human dietary habits. Although the total estimated daily intake (TEDI) of the major compound MeP and EtP in adult workers was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the TEDI of PrP exceed the ADI for a very few subjects, especially for females and low-educated ones, suggesting potential health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Suyang Wu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Li Kang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Z, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wang W, Liu G, Deng H. Determination, intercorrelation and intraindividual stability of five steroids in hair, saliva and urine among chinese college students. Steroids 2019; 149:108418. [PMID: 31150683 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hair steroids and their ratios are believed to be reliable biomarkers reflecting the long-term exposure of circulating steroids. Hereinto, two underlying assumptions are that hair biomarkers have consistency with traditional biomarkers in saliva or urine, and good long-term intraindividual stability across a long time. However, these two assumptions have not been well verified for most of hair biomarkers except for hair cortisol. Thus, this study aimed to verify the two issues on eight hair biomarkers: cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, progesterone, the ratios of cortisol to cortisone, DHEA and testosterone. The five steroids in hair, saliva and urine were measured with high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the hair biomarkers had significant correlations with the salivary biomarkers calculated by the mean area under curve (AUCg) in a matched time span (ps < 0.05) where the coefficients of correlations (r) were >0.3 (r = 0.322-0.616) except cortisone and progesterone (r = 0.177 and 0.212, respectively). It indicated that hair biomarkers had weak to moderate consistency with salivary ones. But only three biomarkers showed the consistency between hair and urine, such as testosterone (r = 0.352, p < 0.01), progesterone (r = 0.228, p < 0.05) and the ratio of cortisol to testosterone (r = 0.502, p < 0.01). Hair biomarkers showed no absolute stability, but moderate to high long-term relative stability across 12 months where interclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.356 and 0.678 (ps < 0.01). These results implied that the eight biomarkers in hair could retrospectively reflect their cumulative exposure in vivo. Therefore, the hair biomarkers would be considerable reliable long-term biomarkers for psychological and physiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shenghuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Effect of endocrine disruptors on the ratio of X and Y chromosome-bearing live spermatozoa. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:10-17. [PMID: 30219569 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although equal numbers of X and Y spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis, the sex chromosome ratio in ejaculated spermatozoa can be altered by exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be reflected by altered sex ratios at birth. Here, we hypothesized EDCs affect sperm functions and viability of X and Y chromosome-bearing human spermatozoa. After exposure to genistein (Gen), bisphenol A (BPA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), and diazinon (Diaz), we evaluated motility, viability, capacitation, and differential viability of X and Y spermatozoa. All EDCs tested altered sperm viability, motility, and capacitation. Interestingly, the Y/X ratio of live spermatozoa was significantly lower in sperm treated with TCDD, DBCP, and Diaz than control spermatozoa. Our results suggest that some of EDCs have larger effects on the viability of Y spermatozoa than X spermatozoa, implicating that a reduction in Y sperm viability may result in a female-biased sex ratio of offspring at birth.
Collapse
|
41
|
Karthikraj R, Borkar S, Lee S, Kannan K. Parabens and Their Metabolites in Pet Food and Urine from New York State, United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3727-3737. [PMID: 29512377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of pets, such as dogs and cats, to a wide range of chemicals present in the indoor environment and the concomitant increase in noninfectious diseases in these companion animals are a concern. Nevertheless, little is known about the sources and pathways of exposure to chemicals in pets. In this study, we determined the concentrations of parabens in commercially available cat and dog foods as well as in urine samples from these pets collected from the Albany area of the state of New York in the United States. Parabens, especially methyl paraben (MeP), and their metabolites were found in all pet food and urine samples. The mean concentrations of total parabens (i.e., sum of parabens and their metabolites) in dog ( n = 23) and cat ( n = 35) food were 1350 and 1550 ng/g fresh wt, respectively. Dry food contained higher concentrations of parabens and their metabolites than did wet food, and cat food contained higher concentrations of target chemicals than did dog food. The mean concentrations of total parabens found in dog ( n = 30) and cat ( n = 30) urine were 7230 and 1040 ng/mL, respectively. In both pet food and urine, MeP (among parabens) and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB) (among metabolites) were the dominant compounds. The metabolites of parabens accounted for ∼99% (∼99.1% in food and ∼98.9% in urine) of the total concentrations in both food and urine. The profiles of parabens and their metabolites in the urine of dogs and cats varied. In addition to diet, other sources of paraben exposures were found for dogs, whereas, for cats, the majority of exposures was identified as related to diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201 , United States
| | - Sonali Borkar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201 , United States
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201 , United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health , Empire State Plaza , P.O. Box 509, Albany , New York 12201 , United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , New York 12222 , United States
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|