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Cazier EA, Pham TN, Cossus L, Abla M, Ilc T, Lawrence P. Exploring industrial lignocellulosic waste: Sources, types, and potential as high-value molecules. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 188:11-38. [PMID: 39094219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has a promising role in a circular bioeconomy and may be used to produce valuable molecules for green chemistry. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as food waste, agricultural waste, wood, paper or cardboard, corresponded to 15.7% of all waste produced in Europe in 2020, and has a high potential as a secondary raw material for industrial processes. This review first presents industrial lignocellulosic waste sources, in terms of their composition, quantities and types of lignocellulosic residues. Secondly, the possible high added-value chemicals obtained from transformation of lignocellulosic waste are detailed, as well as their potential for applications in the food industry, biomedical, energy or chemistry sectors, including as sources of polyphenols, enzymes, bioplastic precursors or biofuels. In a third part, various available transformation treatments, such as physical treatments with ultrasound or heat, chemical treatments with acids or bases, and biological treatments with enzymes or microorganisms, are presented. The last part discusses the perspectives of the use of lignocellulosic waste and the fact that decreasing the cost of transformation is one of the major issues for improving the use of lignocellulosic biomass in a circular economy and green chemistry approach, since it is currently often more expensive than petroleum-based counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France(1).
| | - Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Louis Cossus
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Maher Abla
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Tina Ilc
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
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2
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Barbhuiya S, Das BB, Adak D. A comprehensive review on integrating sustainable practices and circular economy principles in concrete industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122702. [PMID: 39366229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the integration of circular economy principles into the concrete industry, emphasizing their role in enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. It covers the fundamental concepts of circular economy and examines the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in evaluating the environmental impacts of concrete production. The review highlights innovative strategies for recycling, reuse, waste reduction, and resource optimisation, showcasing how these approaches can transform concrete production practices. It also addresses the policy considerations, economic implications, and societal impacts associated with adopting circular economy practices. Furthermore, the review investigates recent technological advancements in circular concrete production, including self-healing concrete and 3D printing. By summarizing these findings and offering practical recommendations, the review aims to support the industry in transitioning towards more sustainable practices. This detailed analysis provides valuable insights into the benefits and challenges of circular economy adoption, helping stakeholders make informed decisions for a greener concrete sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Barbhuiya
- Department of Engineering and Construction, University of East London, UK.
| | | | - Dibyendu Adak
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India
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3
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Sarker TR, Khatun ML, Ethen DZ, Ali MR, Islam MS, Chowdhury S, Rahman KS, Sayem NS, Akm RS. Recent evolution in thermochemical transformation of municipal solid wastes to alternate fuels. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37105. [PMID: 39296224 PMCID: PMC11408778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of solid waste poses a worldwide obstacle in the pursuit of a sustainable society. This issue has intensified with the increase in waste production caused by rapid population expansion, industrialization, and urbanization. The continuously growing volume of municipal solid waste, particularly the substantial volume of organic waste, along with improper disposal practices, results in the release of greenhouse gases and other harmful airborne substances which simultaneously causes health risks and socioeconomic concerns. This article examines various waste-to-energy (energy production in the form of heat and electricity) concepts as well as waste-to-materials (various value-added materials including biofuel, biochemical, char, bio-oil, soil fertilizer, etc.) methods of converting municipal solid waste into environmentally friendly fuels, which appear to be economically feasible and attractive. It starts with a thorough analysis of the characteristics of municipal solid waste followed by the generation procedure. The study provides an overview of different thermochemical conversion methods including incineration, pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis, liquefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, combustion for transformation of municipal solid waste, and their recent advancement. The review comprehensively discussed the pros and cons of each method highlighting their strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats to transforming MSW. The current state of municipal solid waste management, including effective dumping and deviation, is comprehensively assessed, along with the prospects and challenges involved. Energy justice concepts and fuzzy logic tool is used to address the selection criteria for choosing the best waste treatment techniques. Moreover, several recommendations are offered to enhance the existing solid waste management system. This review could assist scholars, researchers, authorities, and stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding MSW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa R Sarker
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Lucky Khatun
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Dilshad Z Ethen
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rostom Ali
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sagor Chowdhury
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Shakibur Rahman
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nafis Sadique Sayem
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rahman Samsur Akm
- Mechanical Engineering, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, 186 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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4
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Cao W, Lv X, Ban J, Lu JX, Liu Z, Chen Z, Poon CS. High-efficient stabilization and solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by synergy of alkali treatment and supersulfated cement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124261. [PMID: 38815891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) designated as hazardous waste poses risks to environment and human health. This study introduces a novel approach for the stabilization and solidification (S/S) of IFA: a combined approach involving alkali treatment and immobilization in low-carbon supersulfated cement (SSC). The impact of varying temperatures of alkali solution on the chemical and mineralogical compositions, as well as the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA, and the removal efficiency of heavy metals and metallic aluminum (Al) were examined. The physical characteristics, hydration kinetics and effectiveness of SSC in immobilizing IFA were also analyzed. Results showed that alkali treatment at 25 °C effectively eliminated heavy metals like manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) to safe levels and totally removed the metallic Al, while enhancing the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA. By incorporating the alkali-treated IFA and filtrate, the density, compressive strength and hydration reaction of SSC were improved, resulting in higher hydration degree, finer pore structure, and denser microstructure compared to untreated IFA. The rich presence of calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) and ettringite (AFt) in SSC facilitated the efficient stabilization and solidification of heavy metals, leading to a significant decrease in their leaching potential. The use of SSC for treating Ca(OH)2- and 25°C-treated IFA could achieve high strength and high-efficient immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuesen Lv
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxing Ban
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Xin Lu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Tao J, Li Z, Chen C, Liang R, Wu S, Lin F, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Intelligent technologies powering clean incineration of municipal solid waste: A system review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173082. [PMID: 38740220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cleanliness has been paramount for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) systems. In recent years, the rapid advancement of intelligent technologies has fostered unprecedented opportunities for enhancing the cleanliness of MSWI systems. This paper offers a review and analysis of cutting-edge intelligent technologies in MSWI, which include process monitoring, intelligent algorithms, combustion control, flue gas treatment, and particulate control. The objective is to summarize current applications of these techniques and to forecast future directions. Regarding process monitoring, intelligent image analysis has facilitated real-time tracking of combustion conditions. For intelligent algorithms, machine learning models have shown advantages in accurately forecasting key process parameters and pollutant concentrations. In terms of combustion control, intelligent systems have achieved consistent prediction and regulation of temperature, oxygen content, and other parameters. Intelligent monitoring and forecasting of carbon monoxide and dioxins for flue gas treatment have exhibited satisfactory performance. Concerning particulate control, multi-objective optimization facilitates the sustainable utilization of fly ash. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain in improving process stability and monitoring instrumentation of intelligent MSWI technologies. By systematically summarizing current applications, this timely review offers valuable insights into the future upgrade of intelligent MSWI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zaixin Li
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fawei Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yang M, Osman AI, Farghali M, Liu E, Hassan D, Ihara I, Lu K, Rooney DW, Yap PS. Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing regions: A comprehensive review and future perspectives for Asia and Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172794. [PMID: 38677421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization witnessed in developing countries in Asia and Africa has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. However, the corresponding disposal strategies, along with constraints in land resources and finances, compounded by unorganized public behaviour, have resulted in ineffective policy implementation and monitoring. This lack of systematic and targeted orientation, combined with blind mapping, has led to inefficient development in many areas. This review examines the key challenges of MSW management in developing countries in Asia and Africa from 2013 to 2023, drawing insights from 170 academic papers. Rather than solely focusing on recycling, the study proposes waste sorting at the source, optimization of landfill practices, thermal treatment measures, and strategies to capitalize on the value of waste as more pertinent solutions aligned with local realities. Barriers to optimizing management systems arise from socio-economic factors, infrastructural limitations, and cultural considerations. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating the study area into the circular economy framework, with a focus on enhancing citizen participation in solid waste reduction and promoting recycling initiatives, along with seeking economic assistance from international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Engui Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dalia Hassan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ikko Ihara
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kun Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xuezheng Road #18, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - David W Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Wu WY, Zhang M, Wang C, Tao L, Bu J, Zhu Q. Harnessing Ash for Sustainable CO 2 Absorption: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400180. [PMID: 38650439 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential of using different types of ash, namely fly ash, biomass ash, and coal ash etc., as mediums for CO2 capture and sequestration. The diverse origins of these ash types - municipal waste, organic biomass, and coal combustion - impart unique physicochemical properties that influence their suitability and efficiency in CO2 absorption. This review first discusses the environmental and economic implications of using ash wastes, emphasizing the reduction in landfill usage and the transformation of waste into value-added products. Then the chemical/physical treatments of ash wastes and their inherent capabilities in binding or reacting with CO2 are introduced, along with current methodologies utilize these ashes for CO2 sequestration, including mineral carbonation and direct air capture techniques. The application of using ash wastes for CO2 capture are highlighted, followed by the discussion regarding challenges associated with ash-based CO2 absorption approach. Finally, the article projects into the future, proposing innovative approaches and technological advancements needed to enhance the efficacy of ash in combating the increasing CO2 levels. By providing a comprehensive analysis of current strategies and envisioning future prospects, this review aims to contribute to the field of sustainable CO2 absorption and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cun Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Longgang Tao
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Jie Bu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic ofSingapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
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8
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Srivastava RR, Nandikes G, Ilyas S, Pathak P, Rajak DK. Towards a low-emission resource circulation of valuable metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172657. [PMID: 38649041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The incineration fly ash (IFA) resulting from municipal solid waste combustion is laden with heavy metals, necessitating proper treatment not only for environmental management but also to reclaim the metal values. The surge in non-traditional metals like cobalt as emerging contaminant within IFA samples further attracts to address this issue. In response, the hydrometallurgical recycling of a cobalt-bearing IFA has been studied. Thereby, approximately 98 % zinc and 96 % cobalt were leached using a 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution at 90 °C and 1 h of leaching time. In-depth analysis of the leaching process unveiled metals' dissolution primarily via the ion-exclusion mechanism, as evidenced by lower diffusion coefficients (between 10-9 and 10-11 m2/s) and activation energies (9.6-14.9 kJ/mol). Above 99 % separation of zinc from the cobalt-bearing leach liquor was achieved by extraction with 1.0 mol/L D2EHPA at an equilibrium pH below 3.0, followed by stripping with a 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution. Cobalt, remained in the raffinate was efficiently precipitated by adding a 20 % excess dosage of oxalic acid to the stoichiometric ratio of C2O42-:Co2+, resulting in only 5 mg/L cobalt left in the solution when precipitation occurred at a pH of 2.8. Additionally, the conversion of CoC2O4 to high-purity Co3O4 was conducted through heat-treatment at 600 °C. The resulting Co3O4 was mixed with Li2CO3 at a Li/Co molar ratio of 1.1, yielding a LiCoO2 precursor that exhibited good electrochemical properties with a capacity of 128 mAh/g, thus affirming the high quality of the recycled cobalt. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment of the recycling process revealed that cobalt precipitation alone contributes approximately 50 % of the total global warming potential (GWP = 4.2624 kg CO2-eq). Notably, this value is remarkably lower than the GWP reported for primary cobalt production, highlighting the environmentally-friendly approach of this recycling endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Resource Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Gopa Nandikes
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Sadia Ilyas
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Process Metallurgy, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden.
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Rajak
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
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Qi W, Geng C, Zhu F, Zhang C, Du B, Ji Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Liu J. Complementary vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash from grate furnaces and fluidised bed incinerators via a co-reduction process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 184:92-100. [PMID: 38805759 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) emphasises the need for MSWI fly ash (FA) safe treatment. Based on the compositional complementarity of FA from grate furnaces (G-FA) and fluidised bed incinerators (F-FA), we proposed a co-reduction process to treat G-FA and F-FA together for producing vitrified slag and ferroalloys. The clean vitrified slag and Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy were obtained with the mass ratios of 1:9 ∼ 6:4 (G-FA:F-FA) at 1300℃, which is about 300℃ lower than the conventional G-FA vitrification. The metals Zn, Cd, and Pb were mostly volatilised into the flue gas for potential recovery from the secondary FA. The thermodynamic SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary system demonstrated that an optimal mass ratio of the two complementary FA types contributes to the system shifting to the low-temperature melting zone. The co-reduction process of G-FA and F-FA could be a promising option for FA beneficial reutilization with environmental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Qi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Geng
- School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- Beijing Capital Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., First Branch, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Jiao G, Wei Y, Liao Q, Liu S, Tang S, Li Z. A systematic comparison of salt removal efficiency in washing treatment by using fly ashes from 13 MSWI plants in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120831. [PMID: 38603850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains large amounts of Ca, Si, and other elements, giving it the potential to be used as a raw material for cement production. However, fly ash often contains a high content of salts, which greatly limits its blending ratio during cement production. These salts are commonly removed via water washing, but this process is affected by the nature and characteristics of fly ash. To clarify the influence of the ash characteristics on salt removal, a total of 60 fly ash samples from 13 incineration plants were collected, characterized, and washed. The ash characterization and cluster analysis showed that the incinerator type and flue gas purification technology/process significantly influenced the ash characteristics. Washing removed a high percentage of salts from fly ash, but the removal efficiencies varied significantly from each other, with the chlorine removal efficiency ranging from 73.76% to 96.48%, while the sulfate removal efficiency ranged from 6.92% to 51.47%. Significance analysis further revealed that the salt removal efficiency varied not only between the ash samples from different incinerators, but also between samples collected at different times from the same incinerator. The high variance of the 60 ash samples during salt removal was primarily ascribed to their different mineralogical and chemical characteristics. Mineralogical analysis of the raw and washed ash samples showed that the mineralogical forms and proportion of these salts in each ash sample greatly influenced their removal. The presence of less-soluble and insoluble chloride salts (e.g., CaClOH, Ca2Al(OH)6(H2O)2Cl etc.) in fly ash significantly affected the chlorine removal efficiency. This study also found that Fe, Mn, and Al in fly ash were negatively correlated with the dechlorination efficiency of fly ash. In summary, the different physical and chemical properties of fly ash caused great discrepancies in salt removal. Consequently, it is suggested to consider the potential impact of the ash source and ash generation time on salt removal to ensure a reliable treatment efficiency for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzhen Jiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Yunmei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Qin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Sijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Shengjun Tang
- Urban Planning and Design Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
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11
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Li P, Shimaoka T. Recovery of Zn and Cu from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by integrating ammonium leaching and ammonia removal. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:115-125. [PMID: 38401425 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces an environmentally friendly process for recovering zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash using ammonium chloride leaching and ammonia removal. The leaching rates for Zn and Cu were 54.39% and 86.23%, respectively, with total recovery rates reaching 52.21% and 85.28%, respectively. The recovered precipitate demonstrated significant Zn (33.62%) and Cu (14.19%) contents, making it ideal for metal smelting. The ammonium leaching process also showcased effective reduction and dechlorination effects on the fly ash. The treated fly ash had a reduced mass of only 30.63% of the original, and chlorine content decreased from 26.23% to 0.84%. The results of this study support the sustainable utilization of MSWI fly ash by facilitating valuable resource recovery and promoting its conversion into construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
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12
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Li B, Guo X, Zhang X, Leng S, Ma N, Wu X. A new strategy to stabilize the heavy metals in carbonized MSWI-fly ash using an acid-resistant oligomeric dithiocarbamate chelator. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133686. [PMID: 38359762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) derived from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) requires safe handling before landfilling due to its extremely high salt content and the risk of leaching heavy metals (HMs) under acidic conditions. Herein, aimed at improving the acid stability of dithiocarbamates, a cost-effective oligomeric dithiocarbamate (ODTC) was developed to stabilize HMs from carbonated MSWI-FA. Spiking of 3.6 wt% ODTC reduced the HM leaching below landfill standards in China, even across the pH range of 2.0-13.0 or 8-week exposure to the natural environment. Stabilization decreased the acid-soluble/exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, and Zn from 22.2%, 4.49%, and 21.9% to 0.14%, 0.11%, and 12.2%, respectively, resulting in safe levels for Pb and Cd with risk assessments. Compared to DDTC and SDD, ODTC exhibited higher stability under acidic conditions after chelation with the HMs, minimized the risk of HM leaching, and significantly reduced stabilization costs. In-depth studies proved that the stabilization mechanism involved the ability of ODTC to chelate HMs strongly and form acid-resistant ODTC-HM complexes, agglomeration of the MSWI-FA grains to encapsulate the ODTC-HM complexes, transformations of the HMs from acid-soluble species to stable oxidizable and residual species, and specifically ODTC reducing high-valent Pb to more stable Pb(II) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siwen Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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13
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Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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14
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Han S, Chen K, Meng F, Gao Y, Li J, Lin L, Qin W, Jiang J. Mitigating heavy metal volatilization during thermal treatment of MSWI fly ash by using iron(III) sulfate as a chlorine depleting agent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133185. [PMID: 38064950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA), the presence of chlorides leads to the pronounced volatilization of heavy metals at high temperature, making heavy metals stabilization challenging. Conventional washing processes struggle to remove chlorides completely, and even minor residual chlorides can lead to significant heavy metal volatilization. This study innovatively applied iron(III) sulfate as a chlorine depleting agent, which can form FeCl3 (boiling point 316 °C) and volatilize to remove the residual chlorides at below 500 °C, thus preventing the chlorination and volatilization of heavy metals at 600-1000 °C. Using water-washed FA to produce lightweight aggregate (LWA) preparation, after adding iron(III) sulfate, the volatilization rates of Pb and Cd at 1140 °C decreased to 5.4% and 9.3%, respectively, a reduction of 82.8% and 84.1% compared to before its addition. The LWA met standard requirements in both performance and heavy metal leaching toxicity. The mechanism was further studied through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and heating experiments of pure chemicals. This study presents novel approaches and insights for suppressing the volatilization of heavy metals in FA at high temperature, thereby promoting the advancement of thermal treatment techniques and the safe, resourceful disposal of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kailun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikai Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Chen K, Han S, Meng F, Lin L, Li J, Gao Y, Qin W, Jiang J. Acid controlled washing of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Extraction of calcium inhibiting heavy metals and reaction kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168599. [PMID: 37981132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Washing method has attracted much attention in the research of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash treatment and resource utilization. However, the controlled leaching of heavy metals and the extraction of recyclable calcium in the washing process are still blank. Acid controlled washing was conducted with different acids, concentrations, times and temperatures to extract calcium while inhibiting heavy metals. The mechanism was investigated by reaction kinetics calculation and washed fly ash characterization. The high Ca concentration of 37,420 mg/L while the low heavy metal concentrations of around or <1 mg/L were achieved at 25 °C for 60 min under a liquid-solid ratio (L/S) of 3/1 in 1.5 M HCl. The reaction kinetics of acid controlled washing conformed the layer diffusion control. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis indicated that the rate-limiting step was the diffusion of ions through the product layer. Simultaneously, the washing solution enriched in Ca, Na and K and the washed fly ash, which met the standard requirements (HJ 1134-2020) for leach toxicity, both had the potential for further resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikai Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Xin M, Sun Y, Li W, Li X, Long Y, Bian R, Wang YN, Wang H, Huang Q. Metagenomics insights into the effect of co-landfill of incineration fly ash and refuse for bacterial community succession and metabolism pathway of VFAs production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166705. [PMID: 37652370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
With the development of incineration technologies, incineration has become the most common treatment method of municipal solid waste in China. However, stabilized fly ash may enter landfills during the transition from landfill to incineration, which caused uncertain impact on landfill waste stabilization. Two simulated co-landfill columns were constructed based on different co-landfill methods (layer co-landfill and mixed co-landfill) to investigate the effect of stabilized fly ash co-landfilled municipal solid waste for bacterial community succession and change in metabolic pathways during hydrolysis-acidogenesis stage. The mixed co-landfill method resulted in higher degree of organic matter degradation, and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in leachate were higher. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes in the layered co-landfill column and Bacteroidetes in mixed co-landfill column. The dominant genera for the total bacterial composition and VFA production were different, Pseudomonas and Propionibacterium, Proteiniphilum and unclassified Bacteroides were the dominant genera responsible for VFA generation in the layered and mixed co-landfill columns. The genes for butyrate production were enriched in the layered co-landfill column, whereas those related to acetate production were enriched in mixed co-landfill column. However, the layered co-landfill inhibited the microbial metabolic activity at the end of the co-landfill process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Xin
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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17
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Khalid Z, Liu X, Duan Y, Lin S, Jiang X. Immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals by utilizing natural cow bone waste for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125585-125595. [PMID: 38006480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash poses intricate compositional challenges and potential environmental hazards. Effective management of such hazardous waste is imperative to mitigate the release of toxic compounds into the environment. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes have emerged as a viable strategy to transform MSWI fly ash from incineration waste into a safer and more environmentally benign material. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the potential of utilizing cow bone waste to stabilize heavy metals, focusing on Pb, within municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Experimental investigations encompassed cow bone-to-fly ash weight ratios ranging from 0.0 (control group) to 7:3, a settling time of 2 h, and a liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 1.0 mL/g. Cow bone waste exhibited pronounced efficacy, particularly within the short settling time, yielding a remarkable Pb removal efficiency of up to 99% at a cow bone waste dose of merely 2% and an L/S ratio of 1.0 mL/g. Concurrently, other heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, and Zn were effectively stabilized with a cow bone waste dose of 1.5% during the same 2-h settling period. The results underscore the pivotal roles of ash/bone ratio and settling time in augmenting Pb stabilization in MSWI fly ash. The application of cow bone waste is anticipated to offer a cost-effective and environmentally sound approach, aligning with sustainable waste management principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Khalid
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 1300 Dongshengxilu Road, Jiaxing, 314031, China.
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18
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Tominc S, Ducman V, Wisniewski W, Luukkonen T, Kirkelund GM, Ottosen LM. Recovery of Phosphorus and Metals from the Ash of Sewage Sludge, Municipal Solid Waste, or Wood Biomass: A Review and Proposals for Further Use. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6948. [PMID: 37959544 PMCID: PMC10647443 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of methods to extract valuable resources from the ash fractions of sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, and wood biomass combustion. The resources addressed here include critical raw materials, such as phosphorus, base and precious metals, and rare earth elements for which it is increasingly important to tap into secondary sources in addition to the mining of primary raw materials. The extraction technologies prioritized in this review are based on recycled acids or excess renewable energy to achieve an optimum environmental profile for the extracted resources and provide benefits in the form of local industrial symbioses. The extraction methods cover all scarce and valuable chemical elements contained in the ashes above certain concentration limits. Another important part of this review is defining potential applications for the mineral residues remaining after extraction. Therefore, the aim of this review is to combine the knowledge of resource extraction technology from ashes with possible applications of mineral residues in construction and related sectors to fully close material cycle loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tominc
- Laboratory for Cements, Mortars and Ceramics, The Department of Materials, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.D.); (W.W.)
| | - Vilma Ducman
- Laboratory for Cements, Mortars and Ceramics, The Department of Materials, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.D.); (W.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Wisniewski
- Laboratory for Cements, Mortars and Ceramics, The Department of Materials, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.D.); (W.W.)
| | - Tero Luukkonen
- Faculty of Technology, Fibre and Particle Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90570 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Gunvor M. Kirkelund
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Brovej, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (G.M.K.); (L.M.O.)
| | - Lisbeth M. Ottosen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Brovej, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (G.M.K.); (L.M.O.)
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19
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Cheng J, Shao Z, Wang Y, Wei W, Yuan Y. The current status and future of solid waste recycled building bricks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105119-105148. [PMID: 37740163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste (SW) has become a problem hindering the economic and social development. Achieving the full green cycle from raw material to production of recycled building bricks (RBB) using SW is the focus of future research. In this paper, the research results of RBB manufacturing using SW in recent years are reviewed. According to the consolidation principle of RBB, the effects of different types of SW on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of RBB are summarized based on the recycled unsintered brick (RUSB) and recycled sintered brick (RSB). By comparing and evaluating the two consolidation methods, it is proposed that RSB has good practicality due to its higher SW utilization rate, higher strength, and faster consolidation speed. Furthermore, the difference between MWS and conventional sintering (CS) is analyzed, and the research on the application of MWS in SW-RBB manufacturing in recent years is reviewed in detail. It is pointed out that microwave sintering (MWS) technology can solve many drawbacks in traditional sintering technology and has great prospects in manufacturing SW-RBB due to the low energy consumption, low pollution, and high efficiency. Finally, the shortcomings and possible challenges in the current research on manufacturing SW-RBB using MWS technology are discussed, which provides guidance for the future development of SW-RBB manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhushan Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Space Engineering, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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20
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Li W, Li L, Wen Z, Yan D, Liu M, Huang Q, Zhu Z. Removal of dioxins from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by low-temperature thermal treatment: Laboratory simulation of degradation and ash discharge stages. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:45-53. [PMID: 37276633 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) can cause significant risks to the environment and human health. In this study, the low-temperature thermal treatment of MSWIFA under industrial conditions was simulated in the laboratory to investigate the process parameters for dioxin degradation and ash discharge stages. Correlation analysis and dioxin fingerprint characterization were used to analyze the degradation and ash discharge processes. The degradation efficiency of low-temperature thermal treatment was influenced by multiple factors. At 400℃ for 90 min and 1% O2, the dioxin removal rate was 95.80%, the detoxification rate was 91.73%, and the residual dioxin toxicity in MSWIFA was 22.7 ± 17.8 ng I-TEQ/kg, which was in line with the limit value of 50 ng I-TEQ/kg in the "Technical specification for pollution control of fly-ash from municipal solid waste incineration" (HJ1134-2020). The increase in dioxins during ash discharge did not follow a linear relationship with the process parameters. This was assumed to be related to the MSWIFA composition, as some components containing P, Si, and Al at 150 °C may inhibit dioxin formation. The dioxin increased only by 0.79 ± 2.65 ng/kg, an increase in toxicity of 0.42 ± 0.10 ng I-TEQ/kg, when treated at 150 °C for 30 min and 10% O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhuoyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dahai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Meijia Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Zhanheng Zhu
- Zhejiang Jinglan Environmental Technology co.Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, China
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21
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Rani GM, Pathania D, Umapathi R, Rustagi S, Huh YS, Gupta VK, Kaushik A, Chaudhary V. Agro-waste to sustainable energy: A green strategy of converting agricultural waste to nano-enabled energy applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162667. [PMID: 36894105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rising demands of the growing population have raised two significant global challenges viz. energy crisis and solid-waste management, ultimately leading to environmental deterioration. Agricultural waste (agro-waste) contributes to a large amount of globally produced solid waste, contaminating the environment, and raising human-health issues on improper management. It is essential for a circular economy to meet sustainable development goals and to design strategies to convert agro-waste into energy using nanotechnology-based processing strategies, by addressing the two significant challenges. This review illustrates the nano-strategic aspects of state-of-the-art agro-waste applications for energy harvesting and storage. It details the fundamentals related to converting agro-waste into energy resources in the form of green nanomaterials, biofuels, biogas, thermal energy, solar energy, triboelectricity, green hydrogen, and energy storage modules in supercapacitors and batteries. Besides, it highlights the challenges associated with agro-waste-to-green energy modules with their possible alternate solutions and advanced prospects. This comprehensive review will serve as a fundamental structure to guide future research on smart agro-waste management and nanotechnological innovations dedicated to its utilization for green energy applications without harming the environment. The nanomaterials assisted generation and storage of energy from agro-waste is touted to be the near-future of smart solid-waste management strategy for green and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokana Mohana Rani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Department of Physics and Research Cell, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India; SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials & Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi 110072, India.
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Cardoso de Oliveira Neto G, de Jesus Cardoso Correia A, Cesar Lucato W. Economic and environmental benefits by means of recycling processes grounded in the CE: Case studies in the metal mechanical sector. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:250-259. [PMID: 37086607 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and economic growth activities induce an increase in the generation and emission of large amounts of polluting waste to the environment. However, the scarcity of natural resources in ecosystems denotes the importance of the practical application of Circular Economy (CE) at the micro level. This research aims to evaluate the environmental and economic advantages of adopting waste recycling and reuse processes based on the CE in four industrial companies in the metal-mechanical sector. Multiple cases studies were conducted, supported by direct observations of the production processes, in addition to document examination and interviews. In the data analysis, the companies' environmental and economic gains were calculated and compared. It was concluded that the implementation of closed-loop recycling by companies in the metal-mechanic sector is an important strategy to promote CE at the micro-enterprise level. In addition to generating a consistent financial return, it resulted in the reduction of environmental impacts in the abiotic compartment (contributing to the control of global warming and flora contamination); in biotic compartment (correct disposal of wastes does not affect terrestrial living beings); in water, (the disposal of industrial waste in water bodies); and elimination of emission of any nature into the air. Despite the evidence of economic gains and the reduction of the environmental impact, environmental gains were more significant at global levels. It is expected that these findings can encourage industry managers and researchers to implement closed-loop recycling at the micro level, in addition to making its CE actions transparent to the market and government, contributing to their competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto
- Business Administration and Industrial Engineering Post-Graduation Program, FEI University, Tamandaré Street, 688 - 5 Floor, zip code: 01525-000 - Liberdade, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Auro de Jesus Cardoso Correia
- Industrial Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Vergueiro Street, 235/249 - 12 Floor, zip code: 01504-001 Liberdade, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Cesar Lucato
- SMRC - Sustainable Manufacturing Research and Consulting, Padre Manoel de Piava, 264 - ZIP code: 09070-230 - Santo André, São Paulo Brazil
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He T, Li J, Ma X, Da Y, Yuan H. Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Incineration Fly Ash under Different Atmospheres and Its Recovery as Cement Admixture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113923. [PMID: 37297057 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because it contains dioxins and a variety of heavy metals. It is not allowed to be directly landfilled without curing pretreatment, but the increasing production of fly ash and scarce land resources has triggered consideration of the rational disposal of fly ash. In this study, solidification treatment and resource utilization were combined, and the detoxified fly ash was used as cement admixture. The effects of thermal treatment in different atmospheres on the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and the effects of fly ash as admixture on cement properties were investigated. The results indicated that the mass of fly ash increased due to the capture of CO2 after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere. When the temperature was 500 °C, the weight gain reached the maximum. After thermal treatment (500 °C + 1 h) in air, CO2, and N2 atmospheres, the toxic equivalent quantities of dioxins in fly ash decreased to 17.12 ng TEQ/kg, 0.25 ng TEQ/kg, and 0.14 ng TEQ/kg, and the degradation rates were 69.95%, 99.56%, and 99.75%, respectively. The direct use of fly ash as admixture would increase the water consumption of standard consistency of cement and reduce the fluidity and 28 d strength of mortar. Thermal treatment in three atmospheres could inhibit the negative effect of fly ash, and the inhibition effect of thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere was the best. The fly ash after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere had the possibility of being used as admixture for resource utilization. Because the dioxins in the fly ash were effectively degraded, the prepared cement did not have the risk of heavy metal leaching, and the performance of the cement also met the requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hudie Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Funari V, Toller S, Vitale L, Santos RM, Gomes HI. Urban mining of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues with emphasis on bioleaching technologies: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59128-59150. [PMID: 37041362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metals are essential in our daily lives and have a finite supply, being simultaneously contaminants of concern. The current carbon emissions and environmental impact of mining are untenable. We need to reclaim metals sustainably from secondary resources, like waste. Biotechnology can be applied in metal recovery from waste streams like fly ashes and bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). They represent substantial substance flows, with roughly 46 million tons of MSWI ashes produced annually globally, equivalent in elemental richness to low-grade ores for metal recovery. Next-generation methods for resource recovery, as in particular bioleaching, give the opportunity to recover critical materials and metals, appropriately purified for noble applications, in waste treatment chains inspired by circular economy thinking. In this critical review, we can identify three main lines of discussion: (1) MSWI material characterization and related environmental issues; (2) currently available processes for recycling and metal recovery; and (3) microbially assisted processes for potential recycling and metal recovery. Research trends are chiefly oriented to the potential exploitation of bioprocesses in the industry. Biotechnology for resource recovery shows increasing effectiveness especially downstream the production chains, i.e., in the waste management sector. Therefore, this critical discussion will help assessing the industrial potential of biotechnology for urban mining of municipal, post-combustion waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Funari
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simone Toller
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental Sustainability Sciences (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Vitale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Wang H, Zhao B, Zhu F, Chen Q, Zhou T, Wang Y. Study on the reduction of chlorine and heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by organic acid and microwave treatment and the variation of environmental risk of heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161929. [PMID: 36736397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash usually needs to undergo dechlorination or heavy metal stabilization pretreatment for further treatment, recycling or disposal. In this paper, the removal effect of chlorine in fly ash by water washing, lactic acid, citric acid and microwave treatment was studied, and XANES was used to analyze chlorine chemical form in fly ash. In addition, the heavy metals in fly ash were also checked. The results indicated that double washing and triple washing could remove 88.0 % and 95.5 % of chlorine from fly ash respectively. The "double water washing + microwave/organic acid" could remove about 96.6 % of chlorine, and 42.9 % and 47.2 % of insoluble chloride respectively. The microwave treatment could maximize the stabilization of heavy metals with a BI value of 39.1 %, 0.11 %, 1.65 %, 15.4 % and 3.98 % for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The elution of heavy metals by citric acid was obvious. "Double water washing + citric acid" removed 87.0 % of Cd, 17.2 % of Cr, 11.9 % of Cu, 39.6 % of Pb and 43.6 % of Zn, but the environmental risk of Cu and Cr increased about 2-3 % after the treatment. The results of this study provide guidance for the pretreatment of fly ash before resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
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Beck MB, Chen C, Walker RV, Wen Z, Han J. Multi-sectoral analysis of smarter urban nitrogen metabolism: A case study of Suzhou, China. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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27
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Donskoy I, Svishchev D. Experimental Study of Model Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets Swelling during Heating and Combustion. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites of sawdust and crushed polyethylene were obtained by pressing at 5–10 atm. The resulting pellets with a size of about 10–20 mm were then burned in airflow in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800 °C. The combustion process was recorded, and obtained video data were analyzed. The data obtained made it possible to estimate the change in particle size at different stages of combustion. An increase in linear dimensions during conversion was achieved of up to 2 times. Particle swelling led to a decrease in mechanical strength and destruction of particles before complete burnout.
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28
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Yi Y. Water washing and acid washing of gasification fly ash from municipal solid waste: Heavy metal behavior and characterization of residues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121043. [PMID: 36627047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gasification fly ash (GFA) is a hazardous solid residue generated in the slagging-gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW). GFA contains higher amounts of heavy metals such as Pb and Zn than incineration fly ash (IFA), which increases the difficulty of heavy metal immobilization but simultaneously makes it a potential feedstock for metal recovery. Water washing and acid washing are conventional and economic methods to treat wastes with high heavy metal and chloride contents. However, the research on the effects of such methods in treating GFA is still blank. Hence, in this study, water washing and acid washing of GFA were investigated in detail. Heavy metal behaviors at different time points during the washing processes were studied in a wide pH range and comprehensive characterizations of washed GFAs were also conducted. The results show that different re-precipitates could be identified in washed GFAs depending on different pH conditions. After water washing for 24 h, more than 60% of Zn in GFA would dissolve and re-precipitate into calcium zincate. It is also revealed that the precipitation effect could in turn influence the pH during the washing process. After acid washing with a low-concentration acid, heavy metal leachabilities were found reduced due to the pH and precipitation effect. High-concentration acid washing could effectively extract Zn and Cd with extraction ratios exceeding 90%. Applying 1.2 M-HCl washing, a short washing period of 15 min could realize a Pb extraction ratio of 81.2%, much higher than 53.2% when extending the washing period to 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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29
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Faragó T, Špirová V, Blažeková P, Lalinská-Voleková B, Macek J, Jurkovič Ľ, Vítková M, Hiller E. Environmental and health impacts assessment of long-term naturally-weathered municipal solid waste incineration ashes deposited in soil-old burden in Bratislava city, Slovakia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13605. [PMID: 36873465 PMCID: PMC9976324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is an effective method for reducing the volume/mass of waste. However, MSWI ashes contain high concentrations of many substances, including trace metal (loid)s, that could be released into the environment and contaminate soils and groundwater. In this study, attention was focused on the site near the municipal solid waste incinerator where MSWI ashes are deposited on the surface without any control. Here, combined results (chemical and mineralogical analyses, leaching tests, speciation modelling, groundwater chemistry and human health risk assessment) are presented to assess the impact of MSWI ash on the surrounding environment. The mineralogy of ∼forty years old MSWI ash was diverse, and quartz, calcite, mullite, apatite, hematite, goethite, amorphous glasses and several Cu-bearing minerals (e.g. malachite, brochantite) were commonly detected. In general, the total concentrations of metal (loid)s in MSWI ashes were high, following the order: Zn (6731 mg/kg) > Ba (1969 mg/kg) ≈ Mn (1824 mg/kg) > Cu (1697 mg/kg) > Pb (1453 mg/kg) > Cr (247 mg/kg) > Ni (132 mg/kg) > Sb (59.4 mg/kg) > As (22.9 mg/kg) ≈ Cd (20.6 mg/kg). Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn exceeded the indication or even intervention criteria for industrial soils defined by the Slovak legislation. Batch leaching experiments with diluted citric and oxalic acids that simulate the leaching of chemical elements under rhizosphere conditions documented low dissolved fractions of metals (0.00-2.48%) in MSWI ash samples, showing their high geochemical stability. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below the threshold values of 1.0 and 1 × 10-6, respectively, with soil ingestion being the most important exposure route for workers. The groundwater chemistry was unaffected by deposited MSWI ashes. This study may be useful in determining the environmental risks of trace metal (loid)s in weathered MSWI ashes that are loosely deposited on the soil surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Faragó
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Špirová
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Blažeková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Juraj Macek
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,The Center of Environmental Services, Ltd., Kutlíkova 17, 852 50 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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30
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Ebrahimi M, Ramirez JA, Outram JG, Dunn K, Jensen PD, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Effects of lignocellulosic biomass type on the economics of hydrothermal treatment of digested sludge for solid fuel and soil amendment applications. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:55-65. [PMID: 36436408 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Digested sludge is a waste stream from anaerobic digestion (AD) in wastewater treatment plants. Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of sludge mixed with lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive approach to improve sludge dewaterability and generate value-added products. However, process economics has not been well understood. In this study, firstly, the effect of biomass type on the energy properties of hydrochars was studied. Secondly, two scenarios were simulated to evaluate the effects of biomass type on the economics (processing 50,000 tonnes of sludge per year) of HTT of digested sludge for solid fuel and soil amendment applications. The two HTT scenarios included sludge alone and sludge-biomass mixtures (four cases for four biomass feedstocks) at 180 °C for 60 min. In both scenarios, HTT liquids were returned to existing AD facilities for biomethane production to offset the energy cost of the HTT process. The results showed that the higher heating value significantly increased from 16.0-17.0 MJ kg-1 in the sludge alone case to 18.0-23.0 MJ kg-1 in sludge-biomass mixtures (except for rice husk). With the use of saved transport cost as a revenue source, HTT of sludge-biomass led to a net present value (NPV) range of AU$ 9.9-20.3 million (20 years) and an internal rate of return (IRR) range of 25.0 %-45.2 % for solid fuel application of resulting hydrochar compared to an NPV of AU$ 18.4 million and an IRR of 55.0 % from HTT of sludge alone scenario. HTT of sludge-biomass led to a NPV range of AU$ 4.5-14.5 million and an IRR range of 17.2 %-35.7 % for soil amendment application while the hydrochar from HTT of sludge alone was not recommended for soil application due to the high contents of heavy metals. This study provides useful and critical information for process scale-up and commercialization for integration into wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Jerome A Ramirez
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - John G Outram
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Kameron Dunn
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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Zhou Q, Jiang X, Qiu Q, Zhao Y, Long L. Synthesis of high-quality NaP1 zeolite from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and its adsorption capacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158741. [PMID: 36115393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Si and Al in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) can be utilized for zeolite fabrication, which can improve the application value of the products. This study focuses on the fabrication of zeolite from MSWI FA by microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MH) treatment. The effects of magnetic stirring time, Na2SiO3 dosage, MH time, and NaOH solution concentration on the crystallization of zeolite NaP1 from MSWI FA are systematically analyzed. The synthetic products are analyzed through spectroscopic and mineralogical methods. The results show that zeolite NaP1 with high crystallinity (51.68 %) can be fabricated by magnetic stirring and MH treatment, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the product can reach a value of 2.58 meq/g, which is approximately 133 times that of the CEC of MSWI FA. The Si/Al ratio plays a decisive role in the zeolite NaP1 synthesis, and a Na2SiO3 dosage of 30 wt% is adopted for zeolite NaP1 fabrication. A NaOH concentration of 1 M is sufficient for zeolite NaP1 synthesis. Additionally, the zeolite NaP1 content is found to obviously increase with increasing MH time from 0.5 h to 2 h. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method provided in this study, the optimal experimental condition is employed for various MSWI FAs, and zeolite NaP1 and analcime are fabricated successfully. The leachability of heavy metals for the synthetic products was evaluated, which met the requirements for pollution control. The BET surface area and total pore volume of zeolite NaP1 fabricated at optimal condition are 61.42 m2/g and 0.44 cm3/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of zeolite NaP1 for Cu2+ ion and methylene blue are determined to be 84.65 mg/g and 84.55 mg/g, respectively, indicating zeolite NaP1 is a potential adsorbent for cation ion and dyes. This study provides an environmentally friendly scheme for the utilization of MSWI FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qili Qiu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, No. 1 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211167, China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ling Long
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
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Yang W, Cao X, Zhang Q, Ma R, Fang L, Liu S. Coupled microwave hydrothermal dechlorination and geopolymer preparation for the solidification/stabilization of heavy metals and chlorine in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158563. [PMID: 36087669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the degradation efficiency of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA), as well as to overcome the difficulties of subsequent hydrothermal liquid and hydrothermal slag treatment, a two-step treatment strategy of microwave hydrothermal degradation coupled with geopolymer immobilization was proposed. Results showed that the optimal process parameters for microwave hydrothermal dechlorination were a temperature of 220 °C, a time of 1 h, and NaOH addition of 10 wt%. Microwaves accelerated the OH- mediated hydrolysis reactions and promoted the breaking of CCl bonds, leading to dechlorination. The compressive strength of the 20 % MSWIFA-based geopolymers reached 75.79 MPa, and the immobilization rate of the heavy metals (HMs) and Cl- surpassed 90 %. Alkaline environment provided by microwave hydrothermal promoted the formation of Ca(OH)2, which subsequently formed Friedel's salt (3CaO•Al2O3•CaCl2•10H2O) with Cl- in the geopolymer. The charge density difference and density of states (DOS) of Friedel's salt were analyzed by first-principles calculations, confirming that the existence of strong interactions between Ca-s, Al-p, O-p, and Cl-p states was the chemical mechanism of Cl- immobilization. The Friedel's salt and HMs were encapsulated by geopolymers with dense silica-alumina tetrahedral frameworks, achieving the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of HMs and Cl-. This work provided a new approach for the environmentally sound and resourceful treatment of MSWIFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xing Cao
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Khan MS, Mubeen I, Caimeng Y, Zhu G, Khalid A, Yan M. Waste to energy incineration technology: Recent development under climate change scenarios. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1708-1729. [PMID: 35719093 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the huge generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), proper management and disposal of MSW is a worldwide challenge for sustainable development of cities and high quality of citizens life. Although different disposal ways are available, incineration is a leading harmless approach to effectively recover energy among the applied technologies. The purpose of the present review paper is to detail the discussion of evolution of waste to energy incineration and specifically to highlight the currently used and advanced incineration technologies, including combined incineration with other energy, for instance, hydrogen production, coal and solar energy. In addition, the environmental performance is discussed, including the zero waste emission, leachate and fly ash treatment, climate change contribution and public behaviour. Finally, challenges, opportunities and business model are addressed. Trends and perspectives on policies and techno-economic aspects are also discussed in this review. Different simulation tools, which can be used for the thermodynamic assessment of incineration plants, are debated; life-cycle inventory emissions and most critical environmental impacts of such plants are evaluated by life-cycle analysis. This review shows that waste incineration with energy yield is advantageous to handle waste problems and it affects climate change positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Khan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mubeen
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Caimeng
- Zhejiang Zheneng Xingyuan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Zhu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azeem Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mi Yan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Nhung TC, Ramesh B, Srinivasan S, Rangasamy G. A review on biological methodologies in municipal solid waste management and landfilling: Resource and energy recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136630. [PMID: 36181855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization growth combined with increased population has aggravated the issue of municipal solid waste generation. MSW has been accounted for contributing tremendously to the improvement of sustainable sources and safe environment. Biological processing of MSW followed by biogas and biomethane generation is one of the innumerable sustainable energy source choices. In the treatment of MSW, biological treatment has some attractive benefits such as reduced volume in the waste material, adjustment of the waste, economic aspects, obliteration of microorganisms in the waste material, and creation of biogas for energy use. In the anaerobic process the utilizable product is energy recovery. The current review discusses about the system for approaching conversion of MSW to energy and waste derived circular bioeconomy to address the zero waste society and sustainable development goals. Biological treatment process adopted with aerobic and anaerobic processes. In the aerobic process the utilizable product is compost. These techniques are used to convert MSW into a reasonable hotspot for resource and energy recovery that produces biogas, biofuel and bioelectricity and different results in without risk and harmless to the ecosystem. This review examines the suitability of biological treatment technologies for energy production, giving modern data about it. It likewise covers difficulties and points of view in this field of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Cam Nhung
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - B Ramesh
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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35
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Zhan X, Wang L, Gong J, Deng R, Wu M. Co-stabilization/solidification of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue based on self-bonding characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135793. [PMID: 35872056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) were classified as hazardous waste, must be harmlessly processed prior to subsequent treatment or disposal. The competition between massive free manganese ions of raw EMR and other heavy metals was found, thus raw EMR was pretreated by calcining to eliminate competition of manganese with other heavy metals for stabilizer complexation. MSWI fly ash was successfully solidified with 6% NaH2PO4, 6% H2NCSNH2 and 20% sintered EMR (800 °C). The addition of sintered EMR enhanced solidification/stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash and the resulting product had a higher compressive strength for further reutilization like trench backfilling, structural fill and void filling. The stabilization/solidification mechanism of heavy metals was attributed to the combined interaction of heavy metal precipitation in stabilizers and ion exchange or physical encapsulation in silicate compounds like calcium silicate, which is a feasible and valuable approach to co-disposal of MSWI fly ash and EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; East China Engineering Science and Technology Co., LTD, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Li'ao Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40044, PR China.
| | - Jian Gong
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40044, PR China
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Fang M. Carbonation of municipal solid waste gasification fly ash: Effects of pre-washing and treatment period on carbon capture and heavy metal immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119662. [PMID: 35752393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture has become an important technology to mitigate ever-increasing CO2 emissions worldwide, and alkali waste is a potential source of CO2 capture material. Slagging-gasification is a novel technology for treating municipal solid waste (MSW), and the gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only solid residue that is not reused at present due to its high heavy metal content. GFA contains high amounts of Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)Cl, making it protentional for CO2 capture. In this study, GFA and washed gasification fly ash (WGFA) were treated with CO2 for different treatment periods. Weight changes of samples were recorded to evaluate the efficiency of CO2 capture. To assess the properties of treated GFA, pH value, leached heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and microscopic morphology were studied. The results revealed that GFA and WGFA could adsorb 18.8% and 23.7% CO2 of their weights, respectively. Carbonation could immobilize heavy metals including Pb, Zn, and Cu when a proper treatment period was applied. An excessive treatment period decreased the efficiency of heavy metal immobilization. Pre-washing is recommended as a pre-treatment method for GFA carbonation, which increased the efficiency to adsorb CO2, improved the pH of carbonated GFA, and enhanced the effect to immobilize heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Haldar D, Shabbirahmed AM, Singhania RR, Chen CW, Dong CD, Ponnusamy VK, Patel AK. Understanding the management of household food waste and its engineering for sustainable valorization- A state-of-the-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127390. [PMID: 35636679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased urbanization and industrialization accelerated demand for energy, large-scale waste output, and negative environmental consequences. Therefore, the implementation of an effective solid-waste-management (SWM) policy for the handling of food waste is of great importance. The global food waste generation is estimated at about 1.6 gigatons/yr which attributes to an economic revenue of 750 billion USD. It can be converted into high-value enzymes, surfactants, Poly-hydroxybutyrate, biofuels, etc. However, the heterogeneous composition of food with high organic load and varying moisture content makes their transformation into value-added products difficult. This review aims to bring forth the possibilities and repercussions of food waste management. The socio-economic challenges related to SWM are comprehensively discussed particularly in terms of environmental concern. The engineering aspect in the collection, storage, and biotransformation of food waste into useful value-added products such as biofuels, advanced biomaterials, bioactive compounds, and platform chemicals are critically reviewed for efficient food waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | | | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry & Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India.
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Mohd Sabee MMS, Itam Z, Beddu S, Zahari NM, Mohd Kamal NL, Mohamad D, Zulkepli NA, Shafiq MD, Abdul Hamid ZA. Flame Retardant Coatings: Additives, Binders, and Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2911. [PMID: 35890685 PMCID: PMC9324192 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an intensive overview of flame retardant coating systems. The occurrence of flame due to thermal degradation of the polymer substrate as a result of overheating is one of the major concerns. Hence, coating is the best solution to this problem as it prevents the substrate from igniting the flame. In this review, the descriptions of several classifications of coating and their relation to thermal degradation and flammability were discussed. The details of flame retardants and flame retardant coatings in terms of principles, types, mechanisms, and properties were explained as well. This overview imparted the importance of intumescent flame retardant coatings in preventing the spread of flame via the formation of a multicellular charred layer. Thus, the intended intumescence can reduce the risk of flame from inherently flammable materials used to maintain a high standard of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Meer Saddiq Mohd Sabee
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Zarina Itam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Nazirul Mubin Zahari
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daud Mohamad
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Norzeity Amalin Zulkepli
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Mohamad Danial Shafiq
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
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Ali MU, Liu Y, Yousaf B, Wong MH, Li P, Liu G, Wang R, Wei Y, Lu M. Morphochemical investigation on the enrichment and transformation of hazardous elements in ash from waste incineration plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154490. [PMID: 35302034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of heavy metals in ash from waste incineration plants is significant for ash management. The migration behavior of trace elements in ash after combustion, semidry deacidification, fabric filtration, and chelating agent stabilization was investigated from one waste incineration plant. The hazardous elements Zn, Pb, and As were enriched in raw fly ash (ash produced at a combustion temperature of 850-1100 °C) due to their relatively high volatility. Mercury, Cd, and Pb were captured in fly ash2 and processed by activated carbon and fabric filters. The removal rate of As (71%) was the highest among all studied elements due to a large amount of quinquevalent As removed. However, the average removal rate of elements in fly ash was only 13%. In the finally obtained fly ash3 (after chelating agent stabilization), a larger particle size (~100 μm) was found than that of raw ash. Furthermore, fly ash3 contains HgSO4 and trivalent As, which are toxic and likely to be precipitated when the fly ash3 is next utilized or deposited in a landfill, causing environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Muyuan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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40
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MSWI Fly Ash Multiple Washing: Kinetics of Dissolution in Water, as Function of Time, Temperature and Dilution. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) can represent a sustainable supply of supplementary material to the construction industries if it is pre-treated to remove hazardous substances such as chloride, sulfate, and heavy metals. In this paper, the phenomenology associated with a water washing multi-cycle treatment of FA is investigated, focusing attention upon the mineral dissolution process. The efficacy of the treatment is assessed by leaching tests, according to the European Standard, and discussed in light of the occurring mineral phases. The water-to-solid (L/S) ratio is a crucial parameter, along with the number of washing cycles, for removing halite and sylvite, whereas quartz, calcite, anhydrite, and an amorphous phase remain in the solid residue. The sequential extraction method and dissolution kinetics modelling provide further elements to interpret leaching processes, and suggest that dissolution takes place through a two-step mechanism. Altogether, multi-step washing with L/S = 5 is effective in reducing contaminants under the legal limits for non-hazardous waste disposal, while the legal limits for non-reactive or reusable material cannot be completely reached, owing to sulfate and some heavy metals which still leached out from the residue.
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Heberlein S, Lisak G, Yi Y. Characterization and comparison of gasification and incineration fly ashes generated from municipal solid waste in Singapore. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 146:44-52. [PMID: 35561542 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slagging-gasification has received increasing attention as a municipal solid waste treatment technology. Compared with incineration, slagging-gasification can produce valuable syngas and generates by-products that can be easier reusable in different applications in some cases. Among these by-products, the gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only hazardous solid residue to be landfilled. To explore its potential recycling methods and maximize its recycling efficiency, the detailed physicochemical properties of GFA are crucial. This study conducted a comprehensive characterization of six GFA samples and the results were compared with one incineration fly ash (IFA) sample and available data of IFA collected in Singapore in literature. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and microwave acid digestion (MAD) followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were carried out to determine the physicochemical composition of ashes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to identify their mineralogical composition. The hazard of the material was assessed through one-stage batch leaching tests. The results showed that the GFAs and IFA were both mainly composed of calcium compounds and chloride salts. However, GFA contained higher amounts of heavy metals especially lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) than IFA. Zn contents in tested GFA samples were in a range of 1.4-3.0%, indicating the potential to recover Zn. The Ca(OH)2 content in GFA samples was up to 24.1%, which could be recovered as a low-grade lime. Based on the characteristics of GFA, a reusing method combining civil engineering utilization and resource recovery was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Stephan Heberlein
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen B, Ma J, Liu L. Stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash via hydrothermal treatment with coal fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:285-293. [PMID: 35427900 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of heavy metals in hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is one of the most important concerns for its safely treating and disposing. This study investigated the stabilization behavior of heavy metals in FA using coal fly ash (CFA) as an additive via hydrothermal treatment. The effects of water washing pre-treatment and FA/CFA ratio on leaching behavior, speciation evolution, and risk assessment of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that 96.6-98.0 % of Cl can be effectively removed by water washing pre-treatment and hydrothermal treatment. Most heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) (>91.5 %) were stabilized in the hydrothermal product, rather than transferred to liquid phase. Tobermorite can be synthesized by adjusting Ca/Si ratio with the addition of CFA. The heavy metals were transferred into more stable residue fractions with increasing CFA addition, which resulted in the significant reduction of leaching concentrations and risk assessment code (RAC) of heavy metals. Among, the product with 30% CFA exhibited the most superior performance with the lowest leaching concentrations of heavy metals and RAC was at no risk level (<1). In addition, the economic performance of hydrothermal treatment exhibited a potential advantage by comparing with FA-to-cement, FA-to-glass slags and FA-to-chelating agent & cement solidification/stabilization. Therefore, the hydrothermal treatment coupled with water washing pre-treatment would be a promising method for the detoxification of FA, as well as synergistic treatment of FA and CFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Maresca A, Bisinella V, Astrup TF. Life cycle assessment of air-pollution-control residues from waste incineration in Europe: Importance of composition, technology and long-term leaching. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:336-348. [PMID: 35429871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution control residues (APCr) are hazardous materials generated from municipal solid waste incineration and require appropriate management. This life cycle assessment (LCA) study investigates the environmental impacts of current and alternative management options, considering the possibility of a cascading management of APCr, where one treatment technology is followed by another. In total, 14 base case scenarios and 30 sensitivity scenarios were evaluated. The effects of APCr composition, leaching, time horizon, and uncertainties were investigated. The APCr management options with the lowest environmental impacts and the smallest uncertainties were i) backfilling of underground salt mines and ii) neutralization treatment followed by backfilling (Langøya, Norway). These options were followed by iii) scenarios that included Zn extraction, iv) cement stabilization of fresh APCr followed by landfilling and v) production of cement aggregates made from carbonated APCr followed by their utilization in construction works. Recovery of salts from APCr required further performance optimizations before being environmentally competitive with other options. Long-term leaching emissions of Zn, Cr and As were among the largest contributors to toxicity-related impacts, emphasizing the need for management strategies that minimize their leaching. The investigated scenarios demonstrate that increased "processing" and cascading utilization of the residues, contribute with increased uncertainty of the results compared to landfilling and may not necessarily lead to decreased environmental impacts. LCA studies of APCr management should address the full management chain, rather than just the first treatment. Overall, the results of this study were found robust, also considering potential changes in the surrounding energy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maresca
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - V Bisinella
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T F Astrup
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Khan F, Ali Y. A facilitating framework for a developing country to adopt smart waste management in the context of circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26336-26351. [PMID: 34850345 PMCID: PMC8632210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To achieve higher standards of sustainability, the waste management sector now requires the incorporation of circular economy (CE) principles. However, an easy transition toward the particular goal would require the use of smart waste technologies. To achieve the aforementioned goal, this study aims to provide a facilitating framework for the adoption of smart waste management in the context of CE for Pakistan. To help Pakistan transition toward the new paradigm, a total of 16 critical facilitators are evaluated based on five distinctive criteria using a novel fuzzy hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. The hybrid MCDM approach includes fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) for allocating weights to the determined criteria; whereas, the fuzzy VIšekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje (VIKOR) approach is used to rank the critical facilitators adopted from the secondary literature. The fuzzy approach in both cases is to deal with any kind of uncertainty during the data collection process. Based on the achieved results, the study suggests that before the application of smart waste technologies in the country, Pakistan should first focus on devising regulations that effectively address the mismanagement of waste produced in the country. Also, the industries in the country need to become more responsible and should adopt environmental management systems that foster waste minimization. Lastly, the country in the third phase should focus on the wide application of digitalization both in the streams of ICT and IoT, for collecting, sharing, and receiving waste data. The study further provides policy recommendations to the respective stakeholders that will help the country achieve zero-waste CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- School of Management Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Ali
- School of Management Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK Pakistan
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45
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Nie Q, Yang Z, Sheng W, Qian G. Municipal solid waste incineration residues recycled for typical construction materials-a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6279-6291. [PMID: 35424531 PMCID: PMC8981596 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the great potential of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues in the construction sector, the applications of recycling MSWI residues in construction materials are discussed in this review. Incineration is a promising method for managing the great quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW). Careful handling of incineration residues including fly ash, air pollution control (APC) residues, and bottom ash is required for this approach. The yield of these residues is large, and they contain many toxic and harmful substances. On the other hand, these residues contain valuable components such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, MgO, which are important components of building materials. Therefore, MSWI residues present huge opportunities for potential recycling and reuse in the construction and building industry. This paper summarized and discussed the application of MSWI residues in four typical building materials including cast stone, glass-ceramic, cement, and concrete. Before utilization, three types of pretreatment methods can be used to reduce the toxicity of the residues and improve the performance of the products. In addition, the current issues and the prospects of this field, and the environmental impacts of this application were discussed. It was concluded that MSWI residues can be used to prepare building materials after proper treatment which can improve the mechanical and chemical properties of the residues. The recycling can gain significant economic and environmental benefits at the same time. However, further researches on treatment methods for fine particles are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yao Xu
- Huahui Engineering Design Group Co., Ltd No. 177 Jiefang Avenue Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312000 China
| | - Qing Nie
- China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd No. 1 Guanzhuang Dongli Beijing 100024 China
| | - Zhanbin Yang
- China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd No. 1 Guanzhuang Dongli Beijing 100024 China
| | - Wenyu Sheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University No. 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
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46
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Case Study of Municipal Waste and Its Reliance on Reverse Logistics in European Countries. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors have examined municipal waste, its components and their integration with reverse logistics processes. Background: The theoretical part begins with a definition of municipal waste. Later, the integration between municipal waste and reverse logistics is provided, including presentation of the hierarchy of qualitative methods and models. Methods: The authors constructed a correlation matrix and applied a dynamic regression model to identify that the level of municipal waste impacts recycling of biowaste which demands reverse logistics. Results: The authors provided a dynamic regression model which could be applied for forecasting the size of recycled municipal waste into biowaste indicated in European Union countries. Conclusions: The variety of components in municipal waste prevents the increase of the recycling rates and has to be changed to ones that have higher recycling rates.
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Bernasconi D, Caviglia C, Destefanis E, Agostino A, Boero R, Marinoni N, Bonadiman C, Pavese A. Influence of speciation distribution and particle size on heavy metal leaching from MSWI fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:318-327. [PMID: 34929536 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI-FA) contains leachable heavy metals. In the present study the correlations between heavy metal content, particle size, speciation distribution with respect to water leaching are investigated, using a combination of solid-state bulk analytical techniques, leaching treatments, sequential extractions and thermodynamic geochemical modelling. Among the analyzed heavy metals, Zn and Pb are the most abundant in any grain size class, followed by Cu, Cr, Cd and Ni, with concentration that tends to increase with a decrease of the grain size. The phase composition is constituted of salt (halite, sylvite, anhydrite and syngenite), which provide the main minerals regardless of the particle size class; calcite, quartz and gehlenite occur in comparatively lower amounts, while 50% wt is composed of amorphous fraction. Heavy metal leaching is strongly correlated to speciation distribution, and in particular to the fraction (F1) associated with salt, carbonate and weak surface sorption. Leaching from speciation due to surface complexation on Al/Fe (hydr)oxide becomes relevant at acidic regime. Particle size and heavy metal content, in turn, moderately correlate with leaching. The F1-speciation as a function of particle size does not exhibit a definite trend shared by all heavy metals under investigation. This suggests that i) differences in speciation distribution, rather than bare heavy metal content or particle size, govern leaching from MSWI-FA; ii) F1 can be regarded as a marker of the potential heavy metal leaching; iii) a comparatively modest efficiency in managing MSWI-FA is expected from grain size separation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Agostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Marinoni
- Earth Sciences Department "Ardito Desio", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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48
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Zaibo Z, Juanhong L, Aixiang W, Hongjiang W. Coupled effects of superplasticizers and glazed hollow beads on the fluidy performance of cemented paste backfill containing alkali-activated slag and MSWI fly ash. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zheng H, Ding Y, Wen Q, Zhao S, He X, Zhang S, Dong C. Slag design and iron capture mechanism for recovering low-grade Pt, Pd, and Rh from leaching residue of spent auto-exhaust catalysts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149830. [PMID: 34464795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from secondary resources has attracted worldwide attention from environmental and economic points of view. Pyrometallurgical routes exhibit the superiority in terms of efficiency and contamination control compared to hydrometallurgical process. However, traditional pyrometallurgical processes face the challenges of excessive flux and energy consumption. In this paper, an iron capture process was proposed to recover low-grade PGMs from leaching residue of spent auto-exhaust catalysts. Slag design was explored aimed at reducing the addition amount of flux. The optimized smelting conditions were as follows: 1400 °C for 30 min, adding 40.0 wt% CaO, 22.7 wt% Na2CO3, 5.0 wt% Na2B4O7, 5.0 wt% CaF2, 15.0 wt% Fe, and 5.0 wt% C. The concentrations of Pt, Pd and Rh remaining in the smelting slag were 0.83 g/t, 4.99 g/t, and 1.47 g/t, respectively. Furthermore, the 50 kg-scale experiment implied positive economic feasibility because of saving flux dosage and smelting time. The capture mechanism was revealed by investigating the formation of the metals phase and slag phase. Matrix formed slag phase and separate with metals phase owing to differences in chemical bonding, density, viscosity, and surface tension. PGMs were proved solubilized in α-Fe as substitutional solid solutions. The formation energies for FePt, FePd, and FeRh alloys were -4.149 eV, -4.040 eV, and -4.360 eV, respectively. Finally, the obtained CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O glass slag was used for producing glass ceramics. To sum up, the iron capture process realized low energy and material consumption, high recovery efficiency of PGMs, and resource utilization of the glass slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandong Zheng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yunji Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, PR China.
| | - Quan Wen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chaofang Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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50
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Zhang X, Hu Y, Xia Z, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Ye L. Green and circular method for chloride separation from acid wastewater: Application in zinc smelter. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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