1
|
Obiako PC, Ayisire SO, Sayes CM. Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) on oxidative stress and metabolic biomarkers in human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108864. [PMID: 38986427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive environmental contaminants that have attracted considerable attention due to their widespread utilization, resilient characteristics, adverse health implications, and regulatory scrutiny. Despite documented toxicity in living organisms, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the induced adverse effects remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate mechanisms of toxic action by collecting empirical data sets along oxidative stress and metabolic disruption pathways. We investigated the impact of long-chain PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) and its short-chain analog (perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)) on human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y). The functionalities of enzymes associated with oxidative stress (catalase and glutathione reductase) and cellular metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase) were also characterized. Our results reveal that a 24-hour exposure to PFOA and PFBA generated significant levels of reactive oxygen species. Correspondingly, there was a notable decline in catalase and glutathione reductase activities, with PFBA demonstrating a more pronounced effect. High concentrations of PFOA and PFBA reduced metabolic activity. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was only impacted by a high concentration of PFBA, while pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was decreased with PFBA exposure and increased with PFOA exposure. The findings from this study contribute to the knowledge of PFAS and cell interactions and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of PFAS-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Precious C Obiako
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Solomon O Ayisire
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fischer F, Pierzchalski A, Riesbeck S, Aldehoff AS, Castaneda-Monsalve VA, Haange SB, von Bergen M, Rolle-Kampczyk UE, Jehmlich N, Zenclussen AC, Herberth G. An in vitro model system for testing chemical effects on microbiome-immune interactions - examples with BPX and PFAS mixtures. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1298971. [PMID: 38953021 PMCID: PMC11215145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than 350,000 chemicals make up the chemical universe that surrounds us every day. The impact of this vast array of compounds on our health is still poorly understood. Manufacturers are required to carry out toxicological studies, for example on the reproductive or nervous systems, before putting a new substance on the market. However, toxicological safety does not exclude effects resulting from chronic exposure to low doses or effects on other potentially affected organ systems. This is the case for the microbiome-immune interaction, which is not yet included in any safety studies. Methods A high-throughput in vitro model was used to elucidate the potential effects of environmental chemicals and chemical mixtures on microbiome-immune interactions. Therefore, a simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) consisting of eight bacterial species was cultured in vitro in a bioreactor that partially mimics intestinal conditions. The bacteria were continuously exposed to mixtures of representative and widely distributed environmental chemicals, i.e. bisphenols (BPX) and/or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at concentrations of 22 µM and 4 µM, respectively. Furthermore, changes in the immunostimulatory potential of exposed microbes were investigated using a co-culture system with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results The exposure to BPX, PFAS or their mixture did not influence the community structure and the riboflavin production of SIHUMIx in vitro. However, it altered the potential of the consortium to stimulate human immune cells: in particular, activation of CD8+ MAIT cells was affected by the exposure to BPX- and PFAS mixtures-treated bacteria. Discussion The present study provides a model to investigate how environmental chemicals can indirectly affect immune cells via exposed microbes. It contributes to the much-needed knowledge on the effects of EDCs on an organ system that has been little explored in this context, especially from the perspective of cumulative exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fischer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Riesbeck
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alix Sarah Aldehoff
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology, Medical Faculty, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hughey KD, Gallagher NB, Zhao Y, Thakur N, Bradley AM, Koster van Groos PG, Johnson TJ. PFAS remediation: Evaluating the infrared spectra of complex gaseous mixtures to determine the efficacy of thermal decomposition of PFAS. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142631. [PMID: 38885768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to their widespread production and known environmental contamination, the need for the detection and remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has grown quickly. While destructive thermal treatment of PFAS at low temperatures (e.g., 200-500 °C) is of interest due to lower energy and infrastructure requirements, the range of possible degradation products remains underexplored. To better understand the low temperature decomposition of PFAS species, we have coupled gas-phase infrared spectroscopy with a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis and a database of high-resolution PFAS infrared reference spectra to characterize and quantify a complex mixture resulting from potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-K) decomposition. Beginning at 375 °C, nine prevalent decomposition products (namely smaller perfluorocarbon species) are identified and quantified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall D Hughey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Neal B Gallagher
- Eigenvector Research, Inc., 196 Hyacinth Road, Manson, WA 98831, USA
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- APTIM, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Nikita Thakur
- APTIM, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Ashley M Bradley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin W, Escher BI, Huchthausen J, Fu Q, Henneberger L. Species Difference? Bovine, Trout, and Human Plasma Protein Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9954-9966. [PMID: 38804966 PMCID: PMC11171458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) strongly bind to proteins and lipids in blood, which govern their accumulation and distribution in organisms. Understanding the plasma binding mechanism and species differences will facilitate the quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation and improve risk assessment of PFAS. We studied the binding mechanism of 16 PFAS to bovine serum albumin (BSA), trout, and human plasma using solid-phase microextraction. Binding of anionic PFAS to BSA and human plasma was found to be highly concentration-dependent, while trout plasma binding was linear for the majority of the tested PFAS. At a molar ratio of PFAS to protein ν < 0.1 molPFAS/molprotein, the specific protein binding of anionic PFAS dominated their human plasma binding. This would be the scenario for physiological conditions (ν < 0.01), whereas in in vitro assays, PFAS are often dosed in excess (ν > 1) and nonspecific binding becomes dominant. BSA was shown to serve as a good surrogate for human plasma. As trout plasma contains more lipids, the nonspecific binding to lipids affected the affinities of PFAS for trout plasma. Mass balance models that are parameterized with the protein-water and lipid-water partitioning constants (chemical characteristics), as well as the protein and lipid contents of the plasma (species characteristics), were successfully used to predict the binding to human and trout plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Qin
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Huchthausen
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eze CG, Okeke ES, Nwankwo CE, Nyaruaba R, Anand U, Okoro OJ, Bontempi E. Emerging contaminants in food matrices: An overview of the occurrence, pathways, impacts and detection techniques of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:436-447. [PMID: 38645434 PMCID: PMC11033125 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in industrial and consumer applications for ages. The pervasive and persistent nature of PFAS in the environment is a universal concern due to public health risks. Experts acknowledge that exposure to high levels of certain PFAS have consequences, including reduced vaccine efficacy, elevated cholesterol, and increased risk of high blood pressure. While considerable research has been conducted to investigate the presence of PFAS in the environment, the pathways for human exposure through food and food packaging/contact materials (FCM) remain unclear. In this review, we present an exhaustive overview of dietary exposure pathways to PFAS. Also, the mechanism of PFAS migration from FCMs into food and the occurrence of PFAS in certain foods were considered. Further, we present the analytical techniques for PFAS in food and food matrices as well as exposure pathways and human health impacts. Further, recent regulatory actions working to set standards and guidelines for PFAS in food packaging materials were highlighted. Alternative materials being developed and evaluated for their safety and efficacy in food contact applications, offering promising alternatives to PFAS were also considered. Finally, we reported on general considerations and perspectives presently considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Gabriel Eze
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Science Aberystwyth University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chidiebele Emmanuel Nwankwo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, K-51, UPSIDA Industrial Area, Kursi Road (Lucknow), Dist.– Barabanki, 225001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Onyekwere Joseph Okoro
- Department of Zoology and Environment Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia 25123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang SL, Ma BJ, Lu YS, Chen J, Yu J, Qiu J, Qian YZ, Xu YY. Multi-omics reveals the molecular mechanism of the combined toxic effects of PFOA and 4-HBP exposure in MCF-7 cells and the key player: mTORC1. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108778. [PMID: 38815467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
With the discovery of evidence that many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment influence human health, their toxic effects and mechanisms have become a hot topic of research. However, investigations into their endocrine-disrupting toxicity under combined binary exposure, especially the molecular mechanism of combined effects, have rarely been documented. In this study, two typical EDCs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP), were selected to examine their combined effects and molecular mechanism on MCF-7 cell proliferation at environmentally relevant exposure concentrations. We have successfully established a model to evaluate the binary combined toxic effects of endocrine disruptors, presenting combined effects in a simple and direct way. Results indicated that the combined effect changed from additive to synergistic from 1.25 × 10-8 M to 4 × 10-7 M. Metabolomics analyses suggested that exposure to PFOA and 4-HBP caused significant alterations in purine metabolism, arginine, and proline metabolism and had superimposed influences on metabolism. Enhanced combined effects were observed in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways compared to exposure to PFOS and 4-HBP alone. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are primarily involved in Biological Processes, especially protein targeting the endoplasmic reticulum, and significantly impact the oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related KEGG pathway. By integrating metabolome and transcriptome analyses, PFOA and 4-HBP regulate purine metabolism, the TCA cycle, and endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis in MCF-7 cells via mTORC1, which provides genetic material, protein, and energy for cell proliferation. Furthermore, molecular docking confirmed the ability of PFOA and 4-HBP to stably bind the estrogen receptor, indicating that they have different binding pockets. Collectively, these findings will offer new insights into understanding the mechanisms by which EDCs produce combined toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ma
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yu-Shun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petali JM, Pulster EL, McCarthy C, Pickard HM, Sunderland EM, Bangma J, Carignan CC, Robuck A, Crawford KA, Romano ME, Lohmann R, von Stackelburg K. Considerations and challenges in support of science and communication of fish consumption advisories for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38752651 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Federal, state, tribal, or local entities in the United States issue fish consumption advisories (FCAs) as guidance for safer consumption of locally caught fish containing contaminants. Fish consumption advisories have been developed for commonly detected compounds such as mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls. The existing national guidance does not specifically address the unique challenges associated with bioaccumulation and consumption risk related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). As a result, several states have derived their own PFAS-related consumption guidelines, many of which focus on one frequently detected PFAS, known as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). However, there can be significant variation between tissue concentrations or trigger concentrations (TCs) of PFOS that support the individual state-issued FCAs. This variation in TCs can create challenges for risk assessors and risk communicators in their efforts to protect public health. The objective of this article is to review existing challenges, knowledge gaps, and needs related to issuing PFAS-related FCAs and to provide key considerations for the development of protective fish consumption guidance. The current state of the science and variability in FCA derivation, considerations for sampling and analytical methodologies, risk management, risk communication, and policy challenges are discussed. How to best address PFAS mixtures in the development of FCAs, in risk assessment, and establishment of effect thresholds remains a major challenge, as well as a source of uncertainty and scrutiny. This includes developments better elucidating toxicity factors, exposures to PFAS mixtures, community fish consumption behaviors, and evolving technology and analytical instrumentation, methods, and the associated detection limits. Given the evolving science and public interests informing PFAS-related FCAs, continued review and revision of FCA approaches and best practices are vital. Nonetheless, consistent, widely applicable, PFAS-specific approaches informing methods, critical concentration thresholds, and priority compounds may assist practitioners in PFAS-related FCA development and possibly reduce variability between states and jurisdictions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-20. © 2024 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Petali
- Environmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Erin L Pulster
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Heidi M Pickard
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna Robuck
- Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kathryn A Crawford
- Environmental Studies Programs, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Katherine von Stackelburg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kikanme KN, Dennis NM, Orikpete OF, Ewim DRE. PFAS in Nigeria: Identifying data gaps that hinder assessments of ecotoxicological and human health impacts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29922. [PMID: 38694092 PMCID: PMC11061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the extensive use and environmental consequences of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) on a global scale, specifically emphasizing their potential impact in Nigeria. Recognized for their resistance to water and oil, PFAS are under increased scrutiny for their persistent nature and possible ecotoxicological risks. Here, we consolidate existing knowledge on the ecological and human health effects of PFAS in Nigeria, focusing on their neurological effects and the risks they pose to immune system health. We seek to balance the advantages of PFAS with their potential ecological and health hazards, thereby enhancing understanding of PFAS management in Nigeria and advocating for more effective policy interventions and the creation of safer alternatives. The review concludes with several recommendations: strengthening regulatory frameworks, intensifying research into the ecological and health impacts of PFAS, developing new methodologies and longitudinal studies, fostering collaborative efforts for PFAS management, and promoting public awareness and education to support sustainable environmental practices and healthier communities in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole M. Dennis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Ochuko Felix Orikpete
- Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Assessment and Comparison of Early Developmental Toxicity of Six Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8215-8227. [PMID: 38687897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are extensively utilized in varieties of products and tend to accumulate in the human body including umbilical cord blood and embryos/fetuses. In this study, we conducted an assessment and comparison of the potential early developmental toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorobutyric acid at noncytotoxic concentrations relevant to human exposure using models based on human embryonic stem cells in both three-dimensional embryoid body (EB) and monolayer differentiation configurations. All six compounds influenced the determination of cell fate by disrupting the expression of associated markers in both models and, in some instances, even led to alterations in the formation of cystic EBs. The expression of cilia-related gene IFT122 was significantly inhibited. Additionally, PFOS and PFOA inhibited ciliogenesis, while PFOA specifically reduced the cilia length. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PFOS altered 1054 genes and disrupted crucial signaling pathways such as WNT and TGF-β, which play integral roles in cilia transduction and are critical for early embryonic development. These results provide precise and comprehensive insights into the potential adverse health effects of these six PFAS compounds directly concerning early human embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang J, Zhang J, Sun J, Gong M, Yuan Z. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics and perfluorooctane sulfonate disrupt the homeostasis of intact planarians and the growth of regenerating planarians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171653. [PMID: 38485023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are widespread in the global ecosystem. MPs have the ability to adsorb organic contaminants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), leading to combined effects. The current work aims to explore the individual and combined toxicological effects of polystyrene (PS) and PFOS on the growth and nerves of the freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica). The results showed that PS particles could adsorb PFOS. PS and PFOS impeded the regeneration of decapitated planarians eyespots, whereas the combined treatment increased the locomotor speed of intact planarians. PS and PFOS caused significant DNA damage, while co-treatment with different PS concentrations aggravated and attenuated DNA damage, respectively. Further studies at the molecular level have shown that PS and PFOS affect the proliferation and differentiation of neoblasts in both intact and regenerating planarians, alter the expression levels of neuronal genes, and impede the development of the nervous system. PS and PFOS not only disrupted the homeostasis of intact planarians, but also inhibited the regeneration of decapitated planarians. This study is the first to assess the multiple toxicity of PS and PFOS to planarians after combined exposure. It provides a basis for the environmental and human health risks of MPs and PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxin Gong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Green MP, Shearer C, Patrick R, Kabiri S, Rivers N, Nixon B. The perils of poly- and perfluorinated chemicals on the reproductive health of humans, livestock, and wildlife. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:RD24034. [PMID: 38744493 DOI: 10.1071/rd24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a prominent class of persistent synthetic compound. The widespread use of these substances in various industrial applications has resulted in their pervasive contamination on a global scale. It is therefore concerning that PFAS have a propensity to accumulate in bodily tissues whereupon they have been linked with a range of adverse health outcomes. Despite this, the true extent of the risk posed by PFAS to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife remains unclear. Addressing these questions requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining the fields of chemistry, biology, and policy to enable meaningful investigation and develop innovative remediation strategies. This article combines the perspectives of chemists, soil scientists, reproductive biologists, and health policy researchers, to contextualise the issue of PFAS contamination and its specific impact on reproductive health. The purpose of this article is to describe the challenges associated with remediating PFAS-contaminated soils and waters and explore the consequences of PFAS contamination on health and reproduction. Furthermore, current actions to promote planetary health and protect ecosystems are presented to instigate positive social change among the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Rebecca Patrick
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3220, Australia
| | - Shervin Kabiri
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nicola Rivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Research Program in Infertility and Reproduction, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai C, Peng L, Li Y, Li Z, Chen D, Wang F, Lin N. Distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood, serum, and urine of patients with liver cancer and associations with liver function biomarkers. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:418-427. [PMID: 38105065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans. However, data on clinical epidemiology are very limited. In this study, 21 PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases, with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample (26.7 ng/mL), followed by blood (10.7 ng/mL) and urine (5.02 ng/mL). Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients compared to non-HCC patients, with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples. Besides, significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and liver function biomarkers levels. For example, PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females; Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI, while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations are negatively correlated with age. In addition, multiple regression models adjusted for age, gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS) and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid (PFHxPA) conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (p < 0.05). Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonkowski S, Ochoa-Herrera V. Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in amphibians and reptiles - exposure and health effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106907. [PMID: 38564994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in various industries and everyday products, including clothing, electronics, furniture, paints, and many others. PFASs are primarily found in aquatic environments, but also present in soil, air and plants, making them one of the most important and dangerous pollutants of the natural environment. PFASs bioaccumulate in living organisms and are especially dangerous to aquatic and semi-aquatic animals. As endocrine disruptors, PFASs affect many internal organs and systems, including reproductive, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This manuscript represents the first comprehensive review exclusively focusing on PFASs in amphibians and reptiles. Both groups of animals are highly vulnerable to PFASs in the natural habitats. Amphibians and reptiles, renowned for their sensitivity to environmental changes, are often used as crucial bioindicators to monitor ecosystem health and environmental pollution levels. Furthermore, the decline in amphibian and reptile populations worldwide may be related to increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, studies investigating the exposure of amphibians and reptiles to PFASs, as well as their impacts on these organisms are essential in modern toxicology. Summarizing the current knowledge on PFASs in amphibians and reptiles in a single manuscript will facilitate the exploration of new research topics in this field. Such a comprehensive review will aid researchers in understanding the implications of PFASs exposure on amphibians and reptiles, guiding future investigations to mitigate their adverse effects of these vital components of ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, 170901, Ecuador; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huh SW, Cho SY, Yoon S, Kim D, Park HW, Kang J, Kim KW. Relationship between crustacean consumption and serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4. Ann Occup Environ Med 2024; 36:e12. [PMID: 38872633 PMCID: PMC11168942 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are non-aromatic organic compounds, whose hydrogen atoms in the carbon chain substituted by fluorine atoms. PFASs exhibit developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and hormone toxicity. PFASs are used in the production of disposable food packages, aircraft and automobile devices, cooking utensils, outdoor gear, furniture and carpets, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), cables and wires, electronics, and semiconductors. This study aimed to determine the association between crustacean consumption and serum PFASs. Methods Adult participants (2,993) aged ≥ 19 years were extracted from the 4th cycle data of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). Based on the 50th percentile concentrations of serum PFASs, participants were divided into the low-concentration group (LC) and the high-concentration group (HC). General characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage, an independent t-test and χ2 test were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of serum PFAS concentration against crustacean consumption was estimated via logistic regression analysis adjusting for general characteristics, dietary factors, coated product usage, and personal care product usage. Results The OR for the HC of serum PFASs was higher in individuals with ≥once a week crustacean consumption than in those with < once a week crustacean consumption. Estimated ORs were perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-3.02), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07-1.41), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.74) in males, and perfluorooctanoic acid 1.48 (95% CI: 1.19-1.84), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1.39 (95% CI: 1.27-1.52), PFNA 1.70 (95% CI: 1.29-2.26) and PFDeA 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32-1.54) in females. Conclusions This study revealed the association between the crustacean consumption and concentrations of serum PFASs in general Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Huh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seong-yong Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Seongyong Yoon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | - Keon Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Peng L, Li Y, Lu X, Wang F, Chen D, Lin N. Effect of liver cancer on the accumulation and hepatobiliary transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133743. [PMID: 38377901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liver and bile tissues from the patients with liver cancer (n = 202) and healthy controls (n = 30), and calculated the hepatobiliary transport efficiency (TB-L) of PFASs. Among 21 PFASs, 13 PFASs were frequently detected in the liver (median: 8.80-16.3 ng/g) and bile (median: 11.03-14.26 ng/mL) samples. PFAS concentrations in liver were positively correlated with age, with higher levels of PFASs in the older. Variance analysis showed that gender and BMI (Body Mass Index) have an important impact on the distribution of PFASs. A U-shaped trend in TB-L of PFASs with the increasing of carbon chain length was found for the first time, and the TB-L of most PFASs in the control was higher than that of those in cases (p < 0.05), suggesting that hepatic injury would affect their transport. PFASs were positively associated with liver injury biomarkers, including γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB) levels (p < 0.05). This is the first study on examining the hepatobiliary transport characteristics of PFASs, which may help understand the connection between PFAS accumulation and liver cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mao X, Liu Y, Wei Y, Li X, Liu Y, Su G, Wang X, Jia J, Yan B. Threats of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl pollutants to susceptible populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171188. [PMID: 38395163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has raised significant global health concerns due to potential hazards in healthy adults. However, the impact of PFAS on susceptible populations, including pregnant individuals, newborns, the older people, and those with underlying health conditions, has been overlooked. These susceptible groups often have physiological changes that make them less resilient to the same exposures. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the health risks posed by PFAS exposure to these populations. In this review, we delve into the potential health risks of PFAS exposure in these susceptible populations. Equally important, we also examine and discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie this susceptibility. These mechanisms include the induction of oxidative stress, disruption of the immune system, impairment of cellular metabolism, and alterations in gut microbiota, all of which contribute to the enhanced toxicity of PFAS in susceptible populations. Finally, we address the primary research challenges and unresolved issues that require further investigation. This discussion aims to foster research for a better understanding of how PFAS affect susceptible populations and to pave the way for strategies to minimize their adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haruna I, Obeng-Gyasi E. Association of Combined Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metals with Chronic Kidney Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:468. [PMID: 38673379 PMCID: PMC11050583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to environmental pollutants such as metals and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) has become common and increasingly associated with a decrease in the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which is a marker often used to measure chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are limited studies involving the use of both eGFR and the urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR), which are more comprehensive markers to determine the presence of CKD and the complexity of pollutant exposures and response interactions, especially for combined metals and PFAS, which has not been comprehensively elucidated. Objective: This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb) exposure on CKD using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Methods: We employed the use of bivariate logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) in our analysis of the data. Results: Logistic regression results revealed a positive association between PFOA and CKD. Our BKMR analysis revealed a non-linear and bi-phasic relationship between the metal exposures and CKD. In our univariate exposure-response function plot, Cd and Hg exhibited a U and N-shaped interaction, which indicated a non-linear and non-additive relationship with both low and high exposures associated with CKD. In addition, the bivariate exposure-response function between two exposures in a mixture revealed that Cd had a U-shaped relationship with CKD at different quantiles of Pb, Hg, PFOA, and PFOS, indicating that both low and high levels of Cd is associated with CKD, implying a non-linear and complex biological interaction. Hg's interaction plot demonstrated a N-shaped association across all quantiles of Cd, with the 75th quantile of Pb and the 50th and 75th quantiles of PFOA and PFOS. Furthermore, the PIP results underscored Cd's consistent association with CKD (PIP = 1.000) followed by Hg's (PIP = 0.9984), then PFOA and PFOS with a closely related PIP of 0.7880 and 0.7604, respectively, and finally Pb (PIP = 0.6940), contributing the least among the five environmental pollutants on CKD, though significant. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that exposure to environmental pollutants, particularly Hg and Cd, are associated with CKD. These findings highlight the need for public health interventions and strategies to mitigate the cumulative effect of PFAS and metal exposure and elucidate the significance of utilizing advanced statistical methods and tools to understand the impact of environmental pollutants on human health. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways of PFAS and metal-induced kidney injury and CKD, and longitudinal studies are required to ascertain the long-term impact of these environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issah Haruna
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Phelps D, Parkinson LV, Boucher JM, Muncke J, Geueke B. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Food Packaging: Migration, Toxicity, and Management Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5670-5684. [PMID: 38501683 PMCID: PMC10993423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PFASs are linked to serious health and environmental concerns. Among their widespread applications, PFASs are known to be used in food packaging and directly contribute to human exposure. However, information about PFASs in food packaging is scattered. Therefore, we systematically map the evidence on PFASs detected in migrates and extracts of food contact materials and provide an overview of available hazard and biomonitoring data. Based on the FCCmigex database, 68 PFASs have been identified in various food contact materials, including paper, plastic, and coated metal, by targeted and untargeted analyses. 87% of these PFASs belong to the perfluorocarboxylic acids and fluorotelomer-based compounds. Trends in chain length demonstrate that long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids continue to be found, despite years of global efforts to reduce the use of these substances. We utilized ToxPi to illustrate that hazard data are available for only 57% of the PFASs that have been detected in food packaging. For those PFASs for which toxicity testing has been performed, many adverse outcomes have been reported. The data and knowledge gaps presented here support international proposals to restrict PFASs as a group, including their use in food contact materials, to protect human and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drake
W. Phelps
- Independent
Consultant, Raleigh, North Carolina 27617, United States
| | | | | | - Jane Muncke
- Food
Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Geueke
- Food
Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Korevaar T, Martin L, Sun Y, Bibi Z, Torres N, Coburn-Sanderson A, First O, Souter I, Petrozza JC, Broeren MAC, Botelho JC, Calafat AM, Wang YX, Messerlian C. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function biomarkers among females attending a fertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123513. [PMID: 38350534 PMCID: PMC10950513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure was associated with changes in thyroid function in pregnant mothers and the general population. Limited such evidence exists in other susceptible populations such as females with fertility problems. This cross-sectional study included 287 females seeking medically assisted reproduction at a fertility clinic in Massachusetts, United States, between 2005 and 2019. Six long-alkyl chain PFAS, thyroid hormones, and autoimmune antibodies were quantified in baseline serum samples. We used generalized linear models and quantile g-computation to evaluate associations of individual PFAS and their total mixture with thyroid biomarkers. Most females were White individuals (82.7%), had graduate degrees (57.8%), and nearly half had unexplained subfertility (45.9%). Serum concentrations of all examined PFAS and their mixture were significantly associated with 2.6%-5.6% lower total triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations. Serum concentrations of perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), and of the total mixture were associated with higher ratios of free thyroxine (FT4) to free triiodothyronine (FT3). No associations were found for PFAS and TSH or autoimmune antibodies. Our findings support the thyroid-disrupting effect of long alkyl-chain PFAS among a vulnerable population of subfertile females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain. University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - T.I.M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leah Martin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Torres
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayanna Coburn-Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia First
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Souter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C. Petrozza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maarten A. C. Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Julianne C. Botelho
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen TV, Trang PN, Kumar A. Understanding PFAS toxicity through cell culture metabolomics: Current applications and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108620. [PMID: 38579451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, pose significant challenges to ecosystems and human health. While cell cultures have emerged as new approach methodologies (NAMs) in ecotoxicity research, metabolomics is an emerging technique used to characterize the small-molecule metabolites present in cells and to understand their role in various biological processes. Integration of metabolomics with cell cultures, known as cell culture metabolomics, provides a novel and robust tool to unravel the complex molecular responses induced by PFAS exposure. In vitro testing also reduces reliance on animal testing, aligning with ethical and regulatory imperatives. The current review summarizes key findings from recent studies utilizing cell culture metabolomics to investigate PFAS toxicity, highlighting alterations in metabolic pathways, biomarker identification, and the potential linkages between metabolic perturbations. Additionally, the paper discusses different types of cell cultures and metabolomics methods used for studies of environmental contaminants and particularly PFAS. Future perspectives on the combination of metabolomics with other advanced technologies, such as single-cell metabolomics (SCM), imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), extracellular flux analysis (EFA), and multi-omics are also explored, which offers a holistic understanding of environmental contaminants. The synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps provide a foundation for future investigations that aim to elucidate the complexities of PFAS-induced cellular responses and contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating their adverse effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
| | - Anu Kumar
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Adeogun AO, Chukwuka AV, Ibor OR, Asimakopoulos AG, Zhang J, Arukwe A. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic dynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two tropical freshwater lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123575. [PMID: 38365077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We have investigated the occurrence, distribution, and biomagnification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in two tropical lakes (Asejire and Eleyele) of Southwestern Nigeria, with contrasting urban intensities. Over an 8-month period, we sampled sediment and fish species (Clarias gariepinus: CIG; Oreochromis niloticus: ON; Coptodon guineensis: CG; Sarotherodon melanotheron: SM) across trophic levels, and analyzed various PFAS congeners, in addition to a select group of toxicological responses. While herbivores (SM) and benthic omnivores (CIG) at Asejire exhibited elevated levels of PFBS and PFOS, the pelagic omnivores (ON) showed a dominance of PFOS, PFDA, PFHxDA and EtFOSE in the muscle. At the Eleyele urban lake, PFAS patterns was dominated by PFBS, EtFOSE, PFPeS, PFOcDA and PFOS in the herbivores (SM, CG), EtFOSE, PFOS and PFBS in the pelagic omnivore (ON) and benthic omnivore (ClG). The estimated biomagnification factor (BMF) analysis for both lakes indicated trophic level increase of PFOS, PFUnA and PFDA at the suburban lake, while PFOS and EtFOSE biomagnified at the urban lake. We detected the occurrence of diSAMPAP and 9CL-PF3ONS, novel compounds not commonly reported, in PFAS studies at both lakes. The studied toxicological responses varied across trophic groups in both lakes with probable modulations by environmental conditions, trophic structure, and relative PFAS exposures in the lakes. The present study documents, for the first time in Nigeria, or any other African country, the role of urbanization on contaminant load into the environment and their implications for contaminant dynamics within the ecosystem and for aquatic food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mokra K, Kaczmarska I, Bukowska B. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its selected analogs induce various cell death types in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141664. [PMID: 38485001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The perfluoalkyl substance (PFASs) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely used in industry. However, PFOS is a persistent organic pollutant and has been gradually replaced by its short-chain analogs, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFASs are extremely persistent and are very frequently detected among the general population. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected PFASs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the mechanisms of their action. PBMCs were exposed to PFOS, PFBS and PFHxS at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 400 μM for 24 h, they were then tested for viability, apoptosis (changes in cytosolic calcium ions level and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation), ferroptosis (changes in chelatable iron ions level and lipid peroxidation), and autophagy (LC3-II and Raptor level assay). PFOS exposure decreased cell viability, increased calcium ion level and caspase-8 activation; it also enhanced lipid peroxidation and increased the intracellular pool of chelatable iron ions as well as LC3-II protein content. In contrast, short-chain PFBS and PFHxS induced significant changes in the markers of apoptosis but had no substantial impact on ferroptosis or autophagy markers over a wide range of concentrations. Our results indicate that only PFOS demonstrated pro-ferroptotic and pro-autophagic potential but observed changes occurred at relatively high exposure. A short-chain substitute (PFBS) exhibited strong pro-apoptotic potential at concentrations related to occupational exposure. While the short-chain PFASs strongly affected the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, apoptosis itself was only induced by PFBS via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. It seems that the length of the carbon chain in PFASs appears to determine the cell death mechanisms activated in human PBMCs following exposure. Our findings provide a new insight into the immune toxicity mechanism induced by these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mokra
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kaczmarska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Junaid M, Sultan M, Liu S, Hamid N, Yue Q, Pei DS, Wang J, Appenzeller BMR. A meta-analysis highlighting the increasing relevance of the hair matrix in exposure assessment to organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170535. [PMID: 38307287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Owing to a wide range of advantages, such as stability, non-invasiveness, and ease of sampling, hair has been used progressively for comprehensive biomonitoring of organic pollutants for the last three decades. This has led to the development of new analytical and multi-class analysis methods for the assessment of a broad range of organic pollutants in various population groups, ranging from small-scale studies to advanced studies with a large number of participants based on different exposure settings. This meta-analysis summarizes the existing literature on the assessment of organic pollutants in hair in terms of residue levels, the correlation of hair residue levels with those of other biological matrices and socio-demographic factors, the reliability of hair versus other biomatrices for exposure assessment, the use of segmental hair analysis for chronic exposure evaluation and the effect of external contamination on hair residue levels. Significantly high concentrations of organic pollutants such as pesticides, flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were reported in human hair samples from different regions and under different exposure settings. Similarly, high concentrations of pesticides (from agricultural activities), flame retardants (E-waste dismantling activities), dioxins and furans were observed in various occupational settings. Moreover, significant correlations (p < 0.05) for hair and blood concentrations were observed in majority of studies featuring pesticides and flame retardants. While among sociodemographic factors, gender and age significantly affected the hair concentrations in females and children in general exposure settings, whereas adult workers in occupational settings. Furthermore, the assessment of the hair burden of persistent organic pollutants in domestic and wild animals showed high concentrations for pesticides such as HCHs and DDTs whereas the laboratory-based studies using animals demonstrated strong correlations between exposure dose, exposure duration, and measured organic pollutant levels, mainly for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, terbuthylazine, aldrin, dieldrin and pyrethroid metabolites. Considering the critical analysis of the results obtained from literature review, hair is regarded as a reliable matrix for organic pollutant assessment; however, some limitations, as discussed in this review, need to be overcome to reinforce the status of hair as a suitable matrix for exposure assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marriya Sultan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu H, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Ding Y, Chen R, Feng H. Distribution characteristics and transformation mechanism of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water sources: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169566. [PMID: 38160823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have raised significant concerns within the realm of drinking water due to their widespread presence in various water sources. This prevalence poses potential risks to human health, ecosystems, and the safety of drinking water. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews that systematically categorize the distribution characteristics and transformation mechanisms of PFASs in drinking water sources. This review aims to address this gap by concentrating on the specific sources of PFASs contamination in Chinese drinking water supplies. It seeks to elucidate the migration and transformation processes of PFASs within each source, summarize the distribution patterns of PFASs in surface and subsurface drinking water sources, and analyze how PFASs molecular structure, solubility, and sediment physicochemical parameters influence their presence in both the water phase and sediment. Furthermore, this review assesses two natural pathways for PFASs degradation, namely photolysis and biodegradation. It places particular emphasis on understanding the degradation mechanisms and the factors that affect the breakdown of PFASs by microorganisms. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for the prevention and control of PFAS contamination and the assurance of drinking water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijing Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ying Kang
- Zhejiang Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 117 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huajun Feng
- Ecological-Environment & Health College (EEHC), Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang X, Zhou X, Chen H, Gao X, Zhou Y, Lee HK, Huang Z. Changes in Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Milk Over Lactation Time and Effects of Maternal Exposure via Analysis of Matched Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4115-4126. [PMID: 38390687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially related to many adverse health outcomes and could be transferred from maternal blood to human milk, which is an important exposure source for infants during a long-term period. In this study, the maternal blood of 76 women after delivery and their matched human milk samples obtained at 0.5, 1, and 3 months were analyzed by solid-phase extraction method with metal-organic framework/polymer hybrid nanofibers as the sorbents and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometric for quantitative analysis of 31 PFAS. The perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA) contributed to more than approximately 50% of the total PFAS concentrations in blood and human milk, while N-MeFOSAA (median: 0.274 ng/mL) was the highest PFAS in human milk at 3 months. The transfer efficiencies for PFAS from maternal blood to human milk at 0.5 months were generally lower, with medians ranging from 0.20% to 16.9%. The number of PFAS species detected in human milk increased as the lactation time went on from 0.5 to 3 months, and the concentrations of 10 PFAS displayed an increasing trend as the prolongation of lactation time (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xingyan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xinyi Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sands M, Zhang X, Gal A, Laws M, Spinella M, Erdogan ZM, Irudayaraj J. Comparative hepatotoxicity of novel lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, ie. HQ-115) and legacy Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in male mice: Insights into epigenetic mechanisms and pathway-specific responses. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108556. [PMID: 38461777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI ie. HQ-115), a polymer electrolyte used in energy applications, has been detected in the environment, yet its health risks and environmental epigenetic effects remain unknown. This study aims to unravel the potential health risks associated with LiTFSI, investigate the role of DNA methylation-induced toxic mechanisms in its effects, and compare its hepatotoxic impact with the well-studied Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). Using a murine model, six-week-old male CD1 mice were exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of each chemical for 14 days as 14-day exposure and 1 and 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days as 30-day exposure. Results indicate that PFOA exposure induced significant hepatotoxicity, characterized by liver enlargement, and elevated serum biomarkers. In contrast, LiTFSI exposure showed lower hepatotoxicity, accompanied by mild liver injuries. Despite higher bioaccumulation of PFOA in serum, LiTFSI exhibited a similar range of liver concentrations compared to PFOA. Reduced Representative Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) analysis revealed distinct DNA methylation patterns between 14-day and 30-day exposure for the two compounds. Both LiTFSI and PFOA implicated liver inflammatory pathways and lipid metabolism. Transcriptional results showed that differentially methylated regions in both exposures are enriched with cancer/disease-related motifs. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a regulator of lipid metabolism, was upregulated in both exposures, with downstream genes indicating potential oxidative damages. Overall, LiTFSI exhibits distinct hepatotoxicity profiles, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessment of emerging PFAS compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Sands
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mary Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeynep-Madak Erdogan
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khair Biek S, Khudur LS, Rigby L, Singh N, Askeland M, Ball AS. Assessing the impact of immobilisation on the bioavailability of PFAS to plants in contaminated Australian soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20330-20342. [PMID: 38372916 PMCID: PMC10927784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become a key concern to both environmental and human health due to their extreme persistence in the environment and their ability to bioaccumulate in plants, animals, and humans. In this mesocosm study, Australian PFAS-contaminated soil with a mean total concentration of 8.05 mg/kg and a mean combined PFHxS + PFOS concentration of 7.89 mg/kg was treated with an immobilisation sorbent (RemBind®) at different application rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5% w/w). To assess the efficacy of this immobilisation treatment, PFAS leachability, PFAS plant uptake, and ecotoxicity tests were conducted. Leachability testing was performed according to the Australian Standard Leaching Procedure (ASLP) at pH 5 and 7. A grass species (Dactylis glomerata) was used to measure plant uptake of PFAS from untreated and treated contaminated soil. In addition, the Microtox test was used to assess the associated ecotoxicity. The immobilisation treatment resulted in a significant reduction of 88.5-99.8% in the total PFAS leachability and 88.7-99.8% in the combined PFOS and PFHxS leachability at pH 5. Similarly, significant reductions (5-12-fold) were observed in the plant uptake of total PFAS and combined PFOS and PFHxS in all treated soil samples. In addition, although the Microtox test showed relatively low ecotoxicity in all the experimental samples, including the untreated soil, a significant decrease in the ecotoxicity of treated soil samples was observed. The results from this study highlight that this treatment approach has the potential to reduce both PFAS leachability and plant bioavailability with a relatively low associated ecotoxicity. This is likely to reduce the risk of the transfer of PFAS into higher trophic levels. This immobilisation treatment may, therefore, reduce the risk associated with PFAS-contaminated soils and may be an important remediation tool for managing certain PFAS-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sali Khair Biek
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Science, STEM Collage, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Leadin S Khudur
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- School of Science, STEM Collage, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Laura Rigby
- School of Science, STEM Collage, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Navneet Singh
- ADE Consulting Group Pty Ltd, Williamstown North, VIC, 3016, Australia
| | - Matthew Askeland
- ADE Consulting Group Pty Ltd, Williamstown North, VIC, 3016, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Science, STEM Collage, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antonopoulou M, Spyrou A, Tzamaria A, Efthimiou I, Triantafyllidis V. Current state of knowledge of environmental occurrence, toxic effects, and advanced treatment of PFOS and PFOA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169332. [PMID: 38123090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic synthetic compounds, with high chemical and thermal stability and a persistent, stable and bioaccumulative nature that renders them a potential hazard for the environment, its organisms, and humans alike. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the most well-known substances of this category and even though they are phased out from production they are still highly detectable in several environmental matrices. As a result, they have been spread globally in water sources, soil and biota exerting toxic and detrimental effects. Therefore, up and coming technologies, namely advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are being tested for their implementation in the degradation of these pollutants. Thus, the present review compiles the current knowledge on the occurrence of PFOS and PFOA in the environment, the various toxic effects they have induced in different organisms as well as the ability of AOPs and ARPs to diminish and/or eliminate them from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Spyrou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Anna Tzamaria
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonkowski S, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Meschini E, Könyves L, Rytel L. Biomonitoring of parabens in wild boars through hair samples analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297938. [PMID: 38381722 PMCID: PMC10880979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parabens are compounds widely utilized in the industry as preservative additives to personal care products, cosmetics and food. They pollute the environment and penetrate to the living organisms through the digestive tract, respiratory system and skin. Till now the knowledge about exposure of terrestrial wild mammals to parabens is extremely scarce. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the concentration levels of five parabens commonly used in industry (methylparaben-MeP, ethylparaben-EtP propylparaben-PrP, benzylparaben -BeP and butylparaben-BuP). Substances have been analyzed in hair samples collected from wild boars using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The hair is a matrix, which allows to study long-term exposure of organisms to parabens. During this study MeP was noted in 96.3% of samples with mean 88.3±72.9 pg/mg, PrP in 87.0% of samples with mean 8.5±3.3 pg/mg, BeP in 44.4% of samples with mean 17.2±12.3 pg/mg and EtP in 11.1% of samples with mean 17.2±4.8 pg/mg. In turn BuP was noted only in 3.7% of samples with concentration levels below limit of quantification (2.6 pg/mg). Statistically significant intragender differences in parabens levels have not been noted. Only BeP concentration levels depended on industrialization and density of human population of area, where the animals lived. This study indicates that wild boars are exposed to parabens, especially to MeP and PrP, and analysis of the hair seems to be a useful tool of biomonitoring of parabens in wild mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Meschini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - László Könyves
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rosato I, Bonato T, Fletcher T, Batzella E, Canova C. Estimation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) half-lives in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117743. [PMID: 38008199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a heterogeneous group of synthetic compounds widely used in industrial applications. The estimation of PFAS half-life (t1/2) is essential to quantify their persistence, their toxicity and mechanism of action in humans. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on PFAS half-lives in humans from the available literature, and to investigate the limitations and uncertainties characterizing half-life estimation. METHODS The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to July 03, 2023 and was aimed at identifying all papers that estimated PFAS half-life in human populations. We excluded studies on temporal trends or providing estimates of half-life based solely on renal clearance. As persistent and ongoing exposures can influence half-life estimation, we decided to include only studies that were conducted after the main source of exposure to PFAS had ceased. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on studies that reported perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) half-life estimation. Risk of bias was evaluated using the OHAT tool. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included in the review, with 5 studies conducted in exposed general populations and 8 studies conducted in exposed workers; the estimated mean half-life ranged from 1.48 to 5.1 years for PFOA, from 3.4 to 5.7 years for total PFOS, and from 2.84 to 8.5 years for PFHxS. High heterogeneity among studies was observed; potential reasons include the variability among the investigated populations, discrepancies in considering ongoing exposures, variability in PFAS isomeric compositions, accounting for background exposure, time since exposure stopped and methods used for half-life estimation. DISCUSSION Despite the efforts made to better understand PFAS toxicokinetics, further studies are needed to identify important characteristics of these persistent chemicals. Biomonitoring studies should focus on persistent and unaccounted sources of exposure to PFAS and on individual characteristics potentially determining half-life, to ensure accurate estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rosato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Batzella
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Averina M, Huber S, Almås B, Brox J, Jacobsen BK, Furberg AS, Grimnes G. Early menarche and other endocrine disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adolescents from Northern Norway. The Fit Futures study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117703. [PMID: 37984785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and include recognized persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible endocrine disrupting effects of different PFAS in adolescents. METHODS Serum concentrations of PFAS, thyroid, parathyroid and steroid hormones were measured in 921 adolescents aged 15-19 years in the Fit Futures study, Northern Norway. The questionnaire included data on self-reported age at menarche and puberty development score (PDS). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses and principle component analyses (PCA) were used to assess associations of PFAS with hormones concentrations and puberty indices. RESULTS In girls, total PFAS (∑PFAS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) were positively associated with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and negatively associated with 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC)/DHEAS ratio. In boys, the associations with 11-DOC/DHEAS ratio were positive for ∑PFAS, perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), PFOA, and PFOS. Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was negatively associated with free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) in boys. PFNA and PFDA were also negatively associated with fT3 in boys. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH) was negatively associated with ∑PFAS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in girls, and with PFOS in boys. PFDA and PFUnDA were positively associated with early menarche, while ∑PFAS and PFOA were positively associated with PDS in boys. No associations of PFAS with serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or luteinizing hormone were found in either sex. In girls, PFOA was positively associated with free testosterone index (FTI). In boys, PFOA was positively associated with androstendione and 17-OH-progesterone, while PFHpA was positively associated with estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of several PFAS were associated with parathyroid and steroid hormones in both sexes, and with thyroid hormones in boys, as well as with early menarche in girls and higher PDS in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Averina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinological and Geriatric Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sandra Huber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørg Almås
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Brox
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Center for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Molde University College, Britvegen 2, 6410, Molde, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinological and Geriatric Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pan J, Liu P, Yu X, Zhang Z, Liu J. The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1324993. [PMID: 38303976 PMCID: PMC10832042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1324993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive system diseases pose prominent threats to human physical and mental well-being. Besides being influenced by genetic material regulation and changes in lifestyle, the occurrence of these diseases is closely connected to exposure to harmful substances in the environment. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), characterized by hormone-like effects, have a wide range of influences on the reproductive system. EDCs are ubiquitous in the natural environment and are present in a wide range of industrial and everyday products. Currently, thousands of chemicals have been reported to exhibit endocrine effects, and this number is likely to increase as the testing for potential EDCs has not been consistently required, and obtaining data has been limited, partly due to the long latency of many diseases. The ability to avoid exposure to EDCs, especially those of artificially synthesized origin, is increasingly challenging. While EDCs can be divided into persistent and non-persistent depending on their degree of degradation, due to the recent uptick in research studies in this area, we have chosen to focus on the research pertaining to the detrimental effects on reproductive health of exposure to several EDCs that are widely encountered in daily life over the past six years, specifically bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), parabens, pesticides, heavy metals, and so on. By focusing on the impact of EDCs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which leads to the occurrence and development of reproductive system diseases, this review aims to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of EDCs' damage to human health and to encourage further in-depth research to clarify the potentially harmful effects of EDC exposure through various other mechanisms. Ultimately, it offers a scientific basis to enhance EDCs risk management, an endeavor of significant scientific and societal importance for safeguarding reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Gynecology Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Gynecology Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Gynecology Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li L, Guo Y, Ma S, Wen H, Li Y, Qiao J. Association between exposure to per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in human: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117553. [PMID: 37931739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals. Previous evidence suggests that exposure to PFAS is associated with reproductive hormone levels, but the results of relevant studies are inconsistent. The objective of our study is to determine the association between exposure to PFAS and reproductive hormone levels in gender-specific general population. METHOD Based on scientific search strategies, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Scopus to obtain the eligible studies published before January 21, 2023. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias tool. We combined the β coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata.17 with random-effect model or fixed-effect model. We also performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Begger's and Egger's tests. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 7714 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that PFHxS exposure was positively associated with estradiol (E2) levels in female [β = 0.030, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.046), P = 0.000]. A negative association was found between PFOA [β = -0.012, 95% CI: (-0.023, -0.002), P = 0.017] and PFOS [β = -0.011; 95% CI: (-0.021, -0.000), P = 0.042] exposure with male testosterone (TT) levels. In the subgroup analysis, there were stronger associations in children than in adults. And the high heterogeneity was mainly due to the cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was not found in most of the analyses. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PFAS exposure was significantly associated with reproductive hormone levels. Further related studies are needed to identify the association and potential mechanism in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yupei Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jianhong Qiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Hu L, Xu H. Dietary exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Potential health impacts on human liver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167945. [PMID: 37871818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), dubbed "forever chemicals", are widely present in the environment. Environmental contamination and food contact substances are the main sources of PFAS in food, increasing the risk of human dietary exposure. Numerous epidemiological studies have established the link between dietary exposure to PFAS and liver disease. Correspondingly, PFAS induced-hepatotoxicity (e.g., hepatomegaly, cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress, bile acid metabolism dysregulation and glycolipid metabolism disorder) observed from in vitro models and in vivo rodent studies have been extensively reported. In this review, the pertinent literature of the last 5 years from the Web of Science database was researched. This study summarized the source and fate of PFAS, and reviewed the occurrence of PFAS in food system (natural and processed food). Subsequently, the characteristics of human dietary exposure PFAS (population characteristics, distribution trend, absorption and distribution) were mentioned. Additionally, epidemiologic evidence linking PFAS exposure and liver disease was alluded, and the PFAS-induced hepatotoxicity observed from in vitro models and in vivo rodent studies was comprehensively reviewed. Lastly, we highlighted several critical knowledge gaps and proposed future research directions. This review aims to raise public awareness about food PFAS contamination and its potential risks to human liver health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liehai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng M, Xu Y, Wu Y, Cai X, Zhang W, Zheng L, Du E, Fu J. Binding Affinity and Mechanism of Six PFAS with Human Serum Albumin: Insights from Multi-Spectroscopy, DFT and Molecular Dynamics Approaches. TOXICS 2024; 12:43. [PMID: 38250999 PMCID: PMC10819430 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) bioaccumulate in the human body, presenting potential health risks and cellular toxicity. Their transport mechanisms and interactions with tissues and the circulatory system require further investigation. This study investigates the interaction mechanisms of six PFAS with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) using multi-spectroscopy, DFT and a molecular dynamics approach. Multi-spectral analysis shows that perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) has the best binding capabilities with HSA. The order of binding constants (298 K) is as follows: "Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA, 7.81 × 106 L·mol-1) > Perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoic Acid (HFPO-TA, 3.70 × 106 L·mol-1) > Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA, 2.27 × 105 L·mol-1) > Perfluoro-3,6,9-trioxadecanoic Acid (PFO3DA, 1.59 × 105 L·mol-1) > Perfluoroheptanoic Acid (PFHpA, 4.53 × 103 L·mol-1) > Dodecafluorosuberic Acid (DFSA, 1.52 × 103 L·mol-1)". Thermodynamic analysis suggests that PFNA and PFO3DA's interactions with HSA are exothermic, driven primarily by hydrogen bonds or van der Waals interactions. PFHpA, DFSA, PFOA, and HFPO-TA's interactions with HSA, on the other hand, are endothermic processes primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions. Competitive probe results show that the main HSA-PFAS binding site is in the HSA structure's subdomain IIA. These findings are also consistent with the findings of molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analysis further shows that the lowest binding energy (-38.83 kcal/mol) is fund in the HSA-PFNA complex, indicating that PFNA binds more readily with HSA. Energy decomposition analysis also indicates that van der Waals and electrostatic interactions are the main forces for the HSA-PFAS complexes. Correlation analysis reveals that DFT quantum chemical descriptors related to electrostatic distribution and characteristics like ESP and ALIE are more representative in characterizing HSA-PFAS binding. This study sheds light on the interactions between HSA and PFAS. It guides health risk assessments and control strategies against PFAS, serving as a critical starting point for further public health research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingguo Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xuewen Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (W.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jiajun Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Partington JM, Marchiandi J, Szabo D, Gooley A, Kouremenos K, Smith F, Clarke BO. Validating blood microsampling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances quantification in whole blood. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464522. [PMID: 38041975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Microsampling allows the collection of blood samples using a method which is inexpensive, simple and minimally-invasive, without the need for specially-trained medical staff. Analysis of whole blood provides a more holistic understanding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) body burden. Capillary action microsamplers (Trajan hemaPEN®) allow the controlled collection of whole blood as dried blood spots (DBS) (four 2.74 µL ± 5 %). The quantification of 75 PFAS from DBS was evaluated by comparing five common extraction techniques. Spiked blood (5 ng/mL PFAS) was extracted by protein precipitation (centrifuged; filtered), acid-base liquid-liquid extraction, trypsin protease digestion, and weak anion exchange (WAX) solid-phase extraction with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Filtered protein precipitation was the most effective extraction method, recovering 72 of the 75 PFAS within 70 to 130 % with method reporting limit (MRL) for PFOS of 0.17 ng/L and ranging between 0.05 ng/mL and 0.34 ng/mL for all other PFAS. The optimised method was applied to human blood samples to examine Inter- (n = 7) and intra-day (n = 5) PFAS blood levels in one individual. Sixteen PFAS were detected with an overall Σ16PFAS mean = 6.3 (range = 5.7-7.0) ng/mL and perfluorooctane sulfonate (branched and linear isomers, ΣPFOS) = 3.3 (2.8-3.7) ng/mL being the dominant PFAS present. To the authors knowledge, this minimally invasive self-sampling protocol is the most extensive method for PFAS in blood reported and could be a useful tool for large scale human biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Partington
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | - Jaye Marchiandi
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Drew Szabo
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE11418, Sweden
| | - Andrew Gooley
- Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | | | - Fraser Smith
- Trajan Scientific and Medical, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | - Bradley O Clarke
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li C, Zhang H, Mo J, Zuo J, Ye L. Caspase-3/GSDME dependent pyroptosis contributes to offspring lung injury induced by gestational PFOS exposure via PERK/ATF4 signaling. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:207-221. [PMID: 37955688 PMCID: PMC10761489 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely used in industry and consumer products. Previous studies have showed that PFOS gestational exposure is associated with offspring lung damage in rat. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of gasdermin E (GSDME) in lung injury of offspring and its underlying mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Pregnant SD rats were exposed to PFOS (1 mg/kg BW/d) between gestational day 12-18, and the lung tissue of the offspring was evaluated on postnatal day 7. PFOS treated animals exhibited alveolar septal thickening and inflammation-related damages, with an increased expression of GSDME in alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII). Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that PFOS exposure (with 225 μM and up) upregulated the caspase-3/GSDME signaling pathway in AECII. Also, ultrastructure analysis revealed significant changes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure in PFOS-induced pyroptotic cells, which is consistent with the ER stress detected in these cells. Additionally, PFOS exposure led to increased expression of ER stress-related proteins, including p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Subsequently, using specific inhibitors, we found that the PERK/ATF4 pathway acted as an upstream signal regulating GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. Overall, our findings show that GSDME-dependent pyroptosis plays a crucial role in the lung injury induced by gestational PFOS exposure, and the PERK/ATF4 pathway may function as a possible mediator of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiali Mo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jingye Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi'an Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen Y, Wu Y, Lv J, Zhou S, Lin S, Huang S, Zheng L, Deng G, Feng Y, Zhang G, Feng W. Overall and individual associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver function indices and the metabolic mechanism. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108405. [PMID: 38163401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can disrupt liver homeostasis. Studies have shown that a single exposure to PFAS may provoke abnormal liver function; however, few studies have investigated the overall effect of PFAS mixtures. We aimed to investigate associations between exposure to PFAS mixtures and liver function indices and explore the relevant mechanisms. This study included 278 adult males from Guangzhou, China. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. We applied weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression as well as Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to analyze the association of nine PFAS mixtures with 14 liver function indices. PFAS mixtures were positively associated with apolipoprotein B (APOB) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and negatively associated with direct bilirubin (DBIL) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in both the WQS and BKMR analyses. In addition, Spearman's correlation test showed individual PFAS correlated with APOB, GGT, TBIL, and DBIL, while there's little correlation between individual PFAS and other liver function indices. In linear regression analysis, PFHxS, PFOS, PFHpS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUdA were associated with APOB; PFOA, PFDA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFUdA were associated with GGT. Subsequently, a metabolome-wide association study and mediation analysis were combined to explore metabolites that mediate these associations. The mechanisms linking PFAS to APOB and GGT are mainly related with amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. High-dimensional mediation analysis showed that glycerophospholipids are the main markers of the association between PFAS and APOB, and that (R)-dihydromaleimide, Ile Leu, (R)-(+)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, and L-glutamate are the main markers of the association between PFAS and GGT. In summary, overall associations between PFAS and specific indices of liver function were found using two statistical methods; the metabolic pathways and markers identified here may serve to prompt more detailed study in animal-based systems, as well as a similar detailed analysis in other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Jiayun Lv
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shaobin Lin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suli Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanhua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenru Feng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Y, Paul KC, Walker DI, Jones DP, Wang X, Ritz BR, Heck JE. Neonatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure in relation to retinoblastoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117435. [PMID: 37866539 PMCID: PMC10842486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure can disrupt hormonal homeostasis and induce neuro- and immunotoxicity in children. In this exploratory study, we investigated associations between PFAS levels in neonatal dried blood spots and retinoblastoma risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 501 retinoblastoma cases born from 1983 to 2011 and 899 controls frequency-matched by birth year (20:1 matching ratio), born to 755 US-born and 366 Mexico-born mothers in California. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) feature intensities were identified from neonatal blood spots from California newborn Genetic Disease Screening Program. Using logistic regression, we assessed whether an interquartile range (IQR) increase of PFAS levels or having above-mean levels of PFAS in blood affects retinoblastoma risk overall or its subtypes (i.e., unilateral, bilateral). We assessed children of US-born and Mexico-born mothers, separately. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among all children, above-mean PFOS levels at birth increased the odds of retinoblastoma overall by 29% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00, 1.67) and unilateral retinoblastoma by 42% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.97). For children of Mexico-born mothers, we estimated the highest odds of retinoblastoma overall (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.66) and bilateral retinoblastoma (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.92) with above-mean PFOS levels. Among children of US-born mothers, higher PFOS levels increased the odds of unilateral retinoblastoma by 15% (95% CI: 0.99, 1.35) for each IQR increase and by 71% among children with above-mean PFOS levels (95% CI: 1.04, 2.90). In addition, for children of US-born mothers, PFOA increased the odds of retinoblastoma overall (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.02 for above-mean levels, aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.16 per IQR increase). PFNA was not associated with retinoblastoma risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that PFOS and PFOA might contribute to retinoblastoma risk in children born in California.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hamid N, Junaid M, Manzoor R, Sultan M, Chuan OM, Wang J. An integrated assessment of ecological and human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through toxicity prediction approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167213. [PMID: 37730032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are also known as "forever chemicals" due to their persistence and ubiquitous environmental distribution. This review aims to summarize the global PFAS distribution in surface water and identify its ecological and human risks through integrated assessment. Moreover, it provides a holistic insight into the studies highlighting the human biomonitoring and toxicological screening of PFAS in freshwater and marine species using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based models. Literature showed that PFOA and PFOS were the most prevalent chemicals found in surface water. The highest PFAS levels were reported in the US, China, and Australia. The TEST model showed relatively low LC50 of PFDA and PFOS for Pimephales promelas (0.36 and 0.91 mg/L) and high bioaccumulation factors (518 and 921), revealing an elevated associated toxicity. The risk quotients (RQs) values for P. promelas and Daphnia magna were found to be 269 and 23.7 for PFOS. Studies confirmed that long-chain PFAS such as PFOS and PFOA undergo bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and induce toxicological effects such as oxidative stress, transgenerational epigenetic effects, disturbed genetic and enzymatic responses, perturbed immune system, hepatotoxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity, altered genetic and enzymatic responses, and metabolism abnormalities. Human biomonitoring studies found the highest PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS levels in urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum samples. Further, long-chain PFOA and PFOS exposure create severe health implications such as hyperuricemia, reduced birth weight, and immunotoxicity in humans. Molecular docking analysis revealed that short-chain PFBS (-11.84 Kcal/mol) and long-chain PFUnDA (-10.53 Kcal/mol) displayed the strongest binding interactions with human serum albumin protein. Lastly, research challenges and future perspectives for PFAS toxicological implications were also discussed, which helps to mitigate associated pollution and ecological risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Rakia Manzoor
- State key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Marriya Sultan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ong Meng Chuan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kuo KY, Chen Y, Chuang Y, Lin P, Lin YJ. Worldwide serum concentration-based probabilistic mixture risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances among pregnant women, infants, and children. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115712. [PMID: 38000299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women, infants, and children are particularly vulnerable to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), yet little is known about related health risks. Here, we aimed to study the four main PFASs: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and assess the mixture risks of co-exposure to PFASs for pregnant women and children as well as for infants associated with maternal PFAS exposure at national and global scales, based on biomonitoring data on serum. We conducted a literature search and aggregated 69 data sources across 22 countries/regions from 2010 to 2020 to profile the serum concentrations of these four PFASs in pregnant women and children. Based on toxicity assessments by regulatory authorities, we determined conservative reference levels (RfLs) in the serum for the primary adverse effects of PFASs, including hepatic, developmental, and immune effects. The cumulative hazard quotient (HQ) was combined with probabilistic analysis to compare serum levels with RfLs and to quantify mixture risks. Our analysis revealed that PFOS was the dominant PFAS in maternal and child serum worldwide, with median levels 2.5-10 times higher than those of PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS. The estimated global median serum levels of PFOS were 6.17 ng/mL for pregnant women and 4.85 ng/mL for children, and their immune effects in pregnant women and children are concerning as their cumulative HQs could exceed 1. For infants, the cumulative HQs for both developmental and immune effects could also be > 1, suggesting that maternal exposure to PFASs during pregnancy and breastfeeding may pose concerns for infant development and immunity. Our national and global serum database and risk assessment offer additional insights into PFAS exposures and mixture risks in susceptible populations, serving as a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing regulatory mitigation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chuang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Berthold TA, McCrary A, deVilleneuve S, Schramm M. Let's talk about PFAS: Inconsistent public awareness about PFAS and its sources in the United States. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294134. [PMID: 37971973 PMCID: PMC10653490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in U.S. drinking water has recently garnered significant attention from the media, federal government, and public health professionals. While concerns for PFAS exposure continue to mount, the general public's awareness and knowledge of the contaminant has remained unknown. This exploratory study sought to fill this data gap by administering a nationwide survey in which the awareness of PFAS and community contamination, awareness of PFAS containing products and intentions to change product use, and awareness and concern about PFAS in drinking water were assessed. The results indicated that almost half the respondents had never heard of PFAS and do not know what it is (45.1%). Additionally, 31.6% responded that they had heard of PFAS but do not know what it is. A large portion of respondents (97.4%) also responded that they did not believe their drinking water had been impacted by PFAS. Demographic association did not influence knowledge of PFAS or levels of concern with PFAS in drinking water. The strongest predictor of PFAS awareness was awareness due to known community exposure. The respondents aware of community exposure were more likely to have knowledge of PFAS sources, change their use of items with potential PFAS contamination, and answer that their drinking water sources were also contaminated with PFAS. Based on the received responses, PFAS information and health risks need to be better communicated to the public to help increase awareness. These efforts should also be coordinated between government agencies, utilities, the research community, and other responsible entities to bolster their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Allen Berthold
- Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Audrey McCrary
- Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stephanie deVilleneuve
- Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Schramm
- Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gao XX, Zuo QL, Fu XH, Song LL, Cen MQ, Wu J. Association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in children: Evidence based on birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116812. [PMID: 37536558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have examined the effect of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure on neurodevelopment in children, findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To better understand the effects of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment, we conducted a systematic review of prenatal exposure to different types of PFAS and neurodevelopment in children. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE electronic databases up to March 2023. Only birth cohort studies that report a specific association between PFAS exposure during pregnancy and neurodevelopment were included in this review. RESULTS 31 birth cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria were qualitatively integrated. Among these, 14 studies investigated the impact of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on cognition, 13 on neurobehavior, and 4 on both cognition and neurobehavior. Additionally, 4 studies explored the influence of PFAS on children's comprehensive development. CONCLUSION Prenatal PFAS exposure was associated with poor neurodevelopment in children, including psychomotor development, externalizing behavior, and comprehensive development. However, conclusive evidence regarding its effects on other neurological outcomes remains limited. In addition, sex-specific effects on social behavior and sleep problems were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian-Lin Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Hang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Ling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man-Qiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fan Y, Guo L, Wang R, Xu J, Fang Y, Wang W, Lv J, Tang W, Wang H, Xu DX, Tao L, Huang Y. Low transplacental transfer of PFASs in the small-for-gestational-age (SGA) new-borns: Evidence from a Chinese birth cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139964. [PMID: 37633609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Early life in utero exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and infiltration through the placenta into cord blood pose significant risk to fetal development. Accumulating knowledge suggests that PFASs pass through the placenta in multiple transportation ways, not limiting to passive transport but also active transport or facilitated diffusion. Therefore, we propose that the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) could be re-evaluated as traditional cord to maternal ratio-based method might overlook certain biological or health information from the mother and fetus. In this study, we investigated 30 PFAS chemicals in paired maternal and cord serum from 195 births classified as small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and matched appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA). PFASs were ubiquitously detected in the maternal and serum samples, with PFOA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA and other dominant compounds. We adopted a modified TTE estimation method (TTEm), taking into consideration of the total burden mass of PFASs in the blood from mother to fetus. Using the modified TTEm, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed in the PFAS transplacental transfer potential in SGA (1.6%-11.3%) compared to AGA (2.3%-21.1%), suggesting a reverse association between TTE and SGA birth risk. This is the first study attempted to re-evaluate the TTE of PFAS and indicates that TTEm might be more advantageous to reflect the transplacental transfer potency of chemicals particularly when transportation mechanisms are multi-faceted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weitian Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
He A, Li J, Li Z, Lu Y, Liang Y, Zhou Z, Man Z, Lv J, Wang Y, Jiang G. Novel Insights into the Adverse Health Effects of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on the Kidney via Human Urine Metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16244-16254. [PMID: 37851943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) receive significant research attention due to their potential adverse effects on human health. Evidence shows that the kidney is one of the target organs of PFAS. In occupational exposure scenarios, high PFAS concentrations may adversely affect kidney metabolism, but whether this effect is reflected in the small metabolic molecules contained in urine remains unknown. In this study, 72 matched serum and urine samples from occupational workers of a fluorochemical manufactory as well as 153 urine samples from local residents were collected, and 23 PFAS levels were quantified. The concentrations of Σ23PFAS in the serum and urine samples of workers were 5.43 ± 1.02 μg/mL and 201 ± 46.9 ng/mL, respectively, while the Σ23PFAS concentration in the urine of the residents was 6.18 ± 0.76 ng/mL. For workers, high levels of urinary PFAS were strongly correlated with levels in serum (r = 0.57-0.93), indicating that urinary PFAS can be a good indicator for serum PFAS levels. Further, a urine nontargeted metabolomics study was conducted. The results of association models, including Bayesian kernel machine regression, demonstrated positive correlations between urinary PFAS levels and key small kidney molecules. A total of eight potential biomarkers associated with PFAS exposure were identified, and all of them showed significant positive correlations with markers of kidney function. These findings provide the first evidence that urine can serve as a matrix to indicate the adverse health effects of high levels of exposure to PFAS on the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhuo Man
- SCIEX China, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ma X, Fisher JA, VoPham T, Vasiliou V, Jones RR. Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, liver function, and daily alcohol consumption in a sample of U.S. adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116651. [PMID: 37451576 PMCID: PMC10948014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and in the serum of the U.S. POPULATION We sought to evaluate the association of PFAS independently and jointly with alcohol intake on liver function biomarkers in a sample of the U.S. general population. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016; N = 11,794), we examined the five most historically prevalent PFAS with >75% detection rates. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between PFAS (quartiles and log-transformed continuous, ng/mL) and high levels (>95th percentile) of liver injury biomarkers using logistic regression models adjusted for key confounders. We evaluated interactions between PFAS and alcohol consumption and sex via stratified analyses and conducted sub-analyses adjusting for daily alcohol intake among those with available drinking history (N = 10,316). RESULT Serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was positively associated with high levels of alanine transferase (ALT) without monotonic trend (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.45, CI: 0.99-2.12; p-trend = 0.18), and with increased aspartate transaminase when modeled continuously (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.02-1.30; p-trend = 0.03). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were both inversely associated with alkaline phosphatase while a trend was evident only for PFHxS (p = 0.02). A non-monotonic inverse association was observed with PFOA (p-trend = 0.10). The highest quartile of PFOS was associated with high total bilirubin (TB; ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57, CI: 1.01-2.43, p-trend = 0.02). No significant associations were found between any PFAS and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. We found no associations for perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid. We observed some suggestive interactions with alcohol intake, particularly among heavy drinkers. CONCLUSION Consistent with other studies, serum levels of PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA were positively associated with high levels of ALT, and we also observed weak positive associations between some PFAS and TB. Associations observed among heavy drinkers warrant additional evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Ma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Law HD, Randall DA, Armstrong BK, D’este C, Lazarevic N, Hosking R, Smurthwaite KS, Trevenar SM, Lucas RM, Clements ACA, Kirk MD, Korda RJ. Relative Risks of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Three Australian Communities Exposed to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Data Linkage Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6886. [PMID: 37835156 PMCID: PMC10572760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firefighting foams containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have caused environmental contamination in several Australian residential areas, including Katherine in the Northern Territory (NT), Oakey in Queensland (Qld), and Williamtown in New South Wales (NSW). We examined whether the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes were higher in mothers living in these exposure areas than in selected comparison areas without known contamination. METHODS We linked residential addresses in exposure areas to addresses collected in the jurisdictional Perinatal Data Collections of the NT (1986-2017), Qld (2007-2018), and NSW (1994-2018) to select all pregnancies from mothers who gave birth while living in these areas. We also identified one comparison group for each exposure area by selecting pregnancies where the maternal address was in selected comparison areas. We examined 12 binary perinatal outcomes and three growth measurements. For each exposure area, we estimated relative risks (RRs) of adverse outcomes and differences in means of growth measures, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other potential confounders. RESULTS We included 16,970 pregnancies from the NT, 4654 from Qld, and 7475 from NSW. We observed elevated risks of stillbirth in Oakey (RR = 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 5.39) and of postpartum haemorrhage (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.33) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (RR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.73) in Williamtown. The risks of other perinatal outcomes were not materially different from those in the relevant comparison areas or were uncertain due to small numbers of events. CONCLUSIONS There was limited evidence for increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes in mothers living in areas with PFAS contamination from firefighting foams. We found higher risks of some outcomes in individual areas, but these were not consistent across all areas under study and could have been due to chance, bias, or confounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsei Di Law
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Randall
- Women and Babies Research, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Bruce K. Armstrong
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine D’este
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nina Lazarevic
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rose Hosking
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kayla S. Smurthwaite
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Susan M. Trevenar
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Martyn D. Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rosemary J. Korda
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin N, Zhang Y, Su S, Feng Y, Wang B, Li Z. Exposure characteristics of legacy and novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood and association with hypertension among low-exposure population. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132185. [PMID: 37531760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The exposure characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in blood and their associations with hypertension have been well investigated in high-exposure populations, yet limited information is available concerning low-exposure populations. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a low-exposure population in China. A total of 394 females, including 162 with hypertension, were recruited and 30 PFAS were measured in whole blood samples. General linear model, generalized additive model, and logistic model were used to identify the associations with hypertension. Additionally, a Bayesian kernel machine regression model was conducted to test the mixture effects. Fourteen PFAS, including two novel species, 6:2 and 8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (Cl-PFESAs), were detected, among which PFOS predominated with the highest median level of 1.47 ng/mL. The median levels of individual PFAS were, however, below the 25th, and even the 5th percentile of previous reports, except for PFHxA, which was above the 50th percentile (median of 0.10 ng/mL). After adjusting for covariates, PFHxA showed a positive association with hypertension (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.89), while 6:2 Cl-PFESA showed a negative association (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). PFAS didn't show significant mixture effects. We proposed that PFHxA may contribute to hypertension and 6:2 Cl-PFESA may have a hormesis effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, PR China
| | - Shu Su
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mikkonen AT, Martin J, Upton RN, Moenning JL, Numata J, Taylor MP, Roberts MS, Mackenzie L. Dynamic exposure and body burden models for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) enable management of food safety risks in cattle. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108218. [PMID: 37820422 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
With increasing global focus on planetary boundaries, food safety and quality, the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the food chain presents a challenge for the sustainable production and supply of quality assured food. Consumption of food is the primary PFAS exposure route for the general population. At contaminated sites, PFAS have been reported in a range of agricultural commodities including cattle. Consumer exposure assessments are complicated by the lack of validated modelling approaches to estimate PFAS bioaccumulation in cattle. Previous studies have shown that PFAS bioaccumulation in livestock is influenced by environmental, spatial and temporal factors that necessitate a dynamic modelling approach. This work presents an integrated exposure and population toxicokinetic (PopTK) model for cattle that estimates serum and tissue concentrations of PFAS over time. Daily exposures were estimated from intakes of water, pasture, and soil, and considered animal growth, seasonal variability (pasture moisture content and temperature) and variable PFAS concentrations across paddocks. Modelled serum and tissue estimates were validated against monitoring data from Australian and Swedish cattle farms. The models were also used to develop and test practical management options for reducing PFAS exposure and to prioritise remediation for farms. Model outputs for exposure management scenarios (testing cattle rotation and targeted supplementation of feed and water) showed potential for marked reductions in consumer exposures from cattle produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti T Mikkonen
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Macleod, Victoria 3085 Australia.
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Macleod, Victoria 3085 Australia
| | - Richard N Upton
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jan-Louis Moenning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment BfR, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment BfR, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark P Taylor
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Macleod, Victoria 3085 Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of Queensland, Frazer Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorraine Mackenzie
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiao X, Guo ZY, Sun J, Bi C, Qian AD, Li YH. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of the effect of perfluorocaproic acid exposure on brain injury in Carassius auratus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106709. [PMID: 37793945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocaproic acid (PFHxA) has received much attention as an emerging pollutant linked to neurological problems in humans and fish. However, the potential mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the pathological damage to tissue sections demonstrated that perfluorocaproic acid caused brain tissue damage, and the increased antioxidant index malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in superoxide Dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT), and Lysozyme (LZM) that perfluorocaproic acid activated antioxidant stress and caused brain damage. Transcriptome sequencing discovered 1,532 divergent genes, 931 upregulated, and 601 down-regulated. Furthermore, according to GO enrichment analysis, the differently expressed genes were shown to be involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. The MAPK, calcium, and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were considerably enriched in the KEGG enrichment analysis. We then analyzed qRT-PCR and chose ten essential differentially expressed genes for validation. The qRT-PCR results followed the same pattern as the RNA-Seq results. In conclusion, our study shows that perfluorocaproic acid exposure causes oxidative stress in the brain. It establishes a theoretical foundation for future research into genes linked to perfluorocaproic acid toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Yao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Yanji Customs, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Yanji Customs, Jilin, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yue-Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|