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Zhang Z, Dai C, Chen S, Hu H, Kang R, Xu X, Huo X. Spatiotemporal variation of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in dust and soil from e-waste recycling areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171495. [PMID: 38453087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derivative 6PPDQ have been detected in various environmental media, with harmful consequences for both ecosystems and biological health. However, the distribution of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in areas around e-waste recycling areas is currently unknown. We collected soil and dust samples from areas around a traditional e-waste recycling zone, an emerging recycling park, and a reference area. Higher levels of 6PPD were found in dust from residential areas around the traditional e-waste recycling zone compared to the reference area (median: 108.99 versus 33.57 ng/g, P < 0.01). Lower levels of 6PPDQ were detected in dust samples from around the emerging e-waste recycling parks compared to traditional e-waste recycling zones (median: 15.40 versus 46.37 ng/g, P < 0.05). The median concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPDQ were higher in the dust samples than in the soil samples (P < 0.001). The concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in the dust and soil varied seasonally, with the highest total concentrations occurring in the winter. Results from a multiple linear regression analysis indicate that 6PPDQ is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with 6PPD, O3, and radiation. This study confirms that e-waste is a potential contributor to 6PPD and 6PPDQ. In residential areas, 6PPD and 6PPDQ are more likely to accumulate in dust than in soil. The emerging e-waste recycling parks have greatly improved the local 6PPDQ pollution situation. Further studies are necessary to understand the distribution of newly found substances in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenxu Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongfei Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongyi Kang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Shoukat A, Nurulain SM, Hussain S, Khan SA, Ahmed H, Muneer Z, Abbas Shah ST, Raza S, Eqani SAMS. Chronic exposure to electronic waste poses risk to liver toxicity with molecular interaction of GSTM1, GSTT1 null variants, and GSTP1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122204. [PMID: 37453685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to electronic waste (e-waste) is becoming a serious concern for health among individuals exposed to it. E-waste has been reported to contain heavy metals, trace elements, and persistent organic pollutants which can trigger health issues through different biological pathways. The liver is a major metabolic and detoxifying organ in the body. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a liver enzyme for phase II detoxification that catalyzes glutathione (GSH) conjugation with environmental pollutants. This research aimed to investigate the liver toxicity caused by long-term exposure to e-wastes, exploring the potential association with null variants of GSTT1 and GSTMI, as well as GSTP1. The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation, in which 256 adult males who were chronically exposed to e-waste and 200 non-exposed control participants, matched for age and gender, were recruited randomly. Standard colorimetric and enzymatic methods were used to analyze biochemical parameters such as serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (T. Bil), albumin, and reduced glutathione. Genotypic analysis of the null variant GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes was conducted by standard molecular methods. The study findings indicated a notable surge in ALP, ALT, and albumin levels while T. Bil and GSH levels showed a reduction, suggesting a potential risk of liver toxicity. Additionally, analysis of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes revealed a possible association with GSH levels and the hepatotoxicity risk. The study concluded that the individuals exposed to e-waste exhibited dysregulation of liver enzymes that results in liver toxicity. Moreover, analysis of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 at a molecular level revealed that these genes could potentially serve as risk factors for liver toxicity in e-waste chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Shoukat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Nurulain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sosan Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Muneer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Science in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Musstjab Shah Eqani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road Tarlai, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
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Huang J, Zeng Z, Xu X, Tian Q, Zheng K, Huo X. Blood lead levels of children exposed to e-waste: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64860-64871. [PMID: 37097575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood lead levels (BLLs) have been decreasing worldwide for decades. However, systematic reviews and quantitative syntheses of BLLs in electronic waste (e-waste)-exposed children are lacking. To summarize temporal trend of BLLs among children in e-waste-recycling areas. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and included participants from six countries. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Results showed that among e-waste-exposed children, the total geometric mean (GM) BLL was 7.54 μg/dL (95% CI: 6.77, 8.31). Children's BLLs displayed a decreasing temporal trend, from 11.77 μg/dL in phase I (2004-2006) to 4.63 μg/dL in phase V (2016-2018). Almost 95% of eligible studies found that children exposed to e-waste had significantly higher BLLs than reference groups. The difference of children's BLLs between the exposure group and the reference group was from 6.60 μg/dL (95% CI: 6.14, 7.05) in 2004 to 1.99 μg/dL (95% CI: 1.61, 2.36) in 2018. For subgroup analyses, except for Dhaka and Montevideo, the BLLs of children from Guiyu in the same survey year were higher than those of children from other regions. Our findings indicate that the gap between BLLs of children exposed to e-waste and those of reference group children is closing, and we appeal that the critical value for blood lead poisoning in children should be lowered in key e-waste-dismantling areas of developing countries, such as Guiyu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Keyang Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Zheng K, Zeng Z, Tian Q, Huang J, Zhong Q, Huo X. Epidemiological evidence for the effect of environmental heavy metal exposure on the immune system in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161691. [PMID: 36669659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals exist widely in daily life, and exposure to heavy metals caused by environmental pollution has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Due to children's age-specific behavioral characteristics and imperfect physical function, the adverse health effects of heavy metals on children are much higher than in adults. Studies have found that heavy metal exposure is associated with low immune function in children. Although there are reviews describing the evidence for the adverse effects of heavy metal exposure on the immune system in children, the summary of evidence from epidemiological studies involving the level of immune molecules is not comprehensive. Therefore, this review summarizes the current epidemiological study on the effect of heavy metal exposure on childhood immune function from multiple perspectives, emphasizing its risks to the health of children's immune systems. It focuses on the effects of six heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn)) on children's innate immune cells, lymphocytes and their subpopulations, cytokines, total and specific immunoglobulins, and explores the immunotoxicological effects of heavy metals. The review finds that exposure to heavy metals, particularly Pb, Cd, As, and Hg, not only reduced lymphocyte numbers and suppressed adaptive immune responses in children, but also altered the innate immune response to impair the body's ability to fight pathogens. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy metal exposure alters cytokine levels and is associated with the development of inflammatory responses in children. Pb, As, and Hg exposure was associated with vaccination failure and decreased antibody titers, and increased risk of immune-related diseases in children by altering specific immunoglobulin levels. Cd, Ni and Mn showed activation effects on the immune response to childhood vaccination. Exposure age, sex, nutritional status, and co-exposure may influence the effects of heavy metals on immune function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Liu D, Shi Q, Liu C, Sun Q, Zeng X. Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Heavy Metals on Human Health. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11040322. [PMID: 37112549 PMCID: PMC10147072 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals play an important endocrine-disrupting role in the health consequences. However, the endocrine-disrupting mechanism of heavy metals is unclear. There are long-term and low-level metal/element exposure scenes for the human body in real life. Therefore, animal models exposed to high doses of heavy metals may not provide key information to elucidate the underlying pathogeny of human diseases. This review collects current knowledge regarding the endocrine-disrupting roles of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), summarizes the possible molecular mechanisms of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and briefly evaluates their endocrine toxicity on animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Qianhan Shi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xiang Zeng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Q.S.); (C.L.); (Q.S.)
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Wei Y, Zhou J, Zhao F, Chen C, Wang J, Luo Y, Li C, Xiong J, Lv Y, Li J, Shi X. Association of blood lead exposure with frailty and its components among the Chinese oldest old. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113959. [PMID: 35999770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental contaminant, associated with a higher risk of functional impairment that can lead to frailty in older adults. However, few studies focused on the association of Pb exposure with frailty among the oldest old (aged ≥ 80 years). In this study, we aimed to assess the associations of Pb with frailty and its components in the oldest old. The included individuals were the oldest old aged ≥ 80 years who participated in a 2017 cross-sectional survey of the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study. Frailty was ascertained by the frailty index, which was created based on health deficits. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association of blood Pb with frailty and its components. The geometric mean and median of blood Pb were 38.51 μg/L and 36.27 μg/L among the oldest old, respectively. Compared with the first quartile of blood Pb, participants in the fourth quartile had higher risk of frailty and its components, the ORs are 1.71 (1.22-2.41), 1.99 (1.35-2.94), 1.91 (1.25-2.93), 1.57 (1.13-2.17) and 1.43 (1.05-1.96), for frailty, ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitations, and hearing loss in the oldest old, respectively. There was a significant interaction between blood Pb and frailty in different age groups. In conclusion, our findings provide preliminary evidence that higher blood Pb may increase the risk of frailty among the oldest old by increasing the risk of disability in four physical functions: disability in ADL, disability in IADL, functional limitations, and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Luo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfeng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Xiong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zeng X, Zeng Z, Wang Q, Liang W, Guo Y, Huo X. Alterations of the gut microbiota and metabolomics in children with e-waste lead exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128842. [PMID: 35430456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lead (Pb) exposure can alter the composition and metabolites of gut microbiota. However, few studies investigated this association in the children. METHODS A total of 551 children aged 3-7 years were recruited from Guiyu (the e-waste dismantling area) and Haojiang (the reference area). There were finally 70 subjects met the inclusive criteria. Blood and urinary Pb concentrations were detected by GFAAS and ICP-MS techniques. The microbiota and metabolites were measured in stool samples using 16 S rRNA MiSeq sequencing technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. RESULTS Average Pb concentrations in the blood and urine of children were higher in Guiyu than in Haojiang. There were 58 kinds of differential genera and 19 types of discrepant metabolites between the two groups, and wide and significant correlations were found between them. Exposure to Pb caused the most significant differences in microbiota, metabolites, and physical development parameters between the two groups in terms of microbiota, metabolites, and physical development indicators. Sphingolipid metabolism and ion transport may also be altered by Pb exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to Pb is associated with significant alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome in children. More research is needed to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Liang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Li A, Mei Y, Zhao M, Xu J, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Ge X, Xu Q. Do urinary metals associate with the homeostasis of inflammatory mediators? Results from the perspective of inflammatory signaling in middle-aged and older adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107237. [PMID: 35429917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether urinary metal mixtures are associated with the homeostasis of inflammatory mediators in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A four-visit repeated-measures study was conducted with 98 middle-aged and older adults from five communities in Beijing, China. Only one person was lost to follow-up at the third visit. Ultimately, 391 observations were included in the analysis. The urinary concentrations of 10 metals were measured at each visit using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.002 to 0.173 µg/L, and the detection rates were all above 84%. Similarly, 14 serum inflammatory mediators were measured using a Beckman Coulter analyzer and the Bio-Plex MAGPIX system. A linear mixed model (LMM), LMM with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization (LMMLASSO), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were adopted to explore the effects of urinary metal mixtures on inflammatory mediators. RESULTS In LMM, a two-fold increase in urinary cesium (Cs) and chromium (Cr) was statistically associated with -35.22% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -53.17, -10.40) changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and -11.13% (95 %CI: -20.67, -0.44) in IL-8. Urinary copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) was statistically associated with IL-6 (88.10%, 95%CI: 34.92, 162.24) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (22.32%, 95%CI: 3.28, 44.12), respectively. Similar results were observed for the LMMLASSO and BKMR. Furthermore, Cr, Cs, Cu, and Se were significantly associated with other inflammatory regulatory network mediators. For example, urinary Cs was statistically associated with endothelin-1, and Cr was statistically associated with endothelin-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Finally, the interaction effects of Cu with various metals on inflammatory mediators were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Cr, Cs, Cu, and Se may disrupt the homeostasis of inflammatory mediators, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of metal mixtures and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Lin S, Ali MU, Zheng C, Cai Z, Wong MH. Toxic chemicals from uncontrolled e-waste recycling: Exposure, body burden, health impact. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127792. [PMID: 34802823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled electronic-waste (e-waste) recycling processes have induced serious environmental pollution and human health impacts. This paper reviewed studies on the wide range of toxic chemicals through the use of primitive recycling techniques, their transfer to various ecological compartments, and subsequent health impacts. Results indicated that local food items were heavily polluted by the pollutants emitted, notably heavy metals in vegetables, rice, fish and seafood, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in livestock. Dietary exposure is the most important exposure pathway. The associations between exposure to e-waste and high body burdens of these pollutants were evident. It seems apparent that toxic chemicals emitted from e-waste activities are causing a number of major illnesses related to cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory systems, according to the information provided by a local hospital (Taizhou, an e-waste recycling hot spot in China). More epidemiological data should be made available to the general public. It is envisaged that there are potential dangers of toxic chemicals passing on to the next generation via placental transfer and lactation. There is a need to monitor the development and health impacts of infants and children, born and brought up in the e-waste sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Zhang Z, Malik MZ, Khan A, Ali N, Malik S, Bilal M. Environmental impacts of hazardous waste, and management strategies to reconcile circular economy and eco-sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150856. [PMID: 34627923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rise in living standards and the continuous development in the global economy led to the depletion of resources and increased waste generation per capita. This waste might posture a significant threat to human health or the environmental matrices (water, air, soil) when inadequately treated, transported, stored, or managed/disposed of. Therefore, effective waste management in an economically viable and environmentally friendly way has become meaningful. Prominent technology is the need of the day for circular economy and sustainable development to reduce the speed of depletion in resources and produce an alternative means for the future demands in the different sectors of science and technology. In order to meet the potential requirements for energy production or producing secondary raw material, solid waste may be the prime source. The activities of living organisms convert waste products in one form or another in which electronic waste (e-waste) is a modern-day problem that is growing by leaps and bounds. The disposal protocols of the e-waste management need to be given proper attention to avoid its hazardous impacts. The e-waste is obtained from any equipment or devices that run by electricity or batteries like laptops, palmtops, computers, televisions, mobile phones, digital video discs (DVD), and many more. E-waste is one of the rapidly growing causes of world pollution today. Plenty of research is available in the scientific literature, which shows different approaches being set up and followed to manage and dispose of waste products. These strategies to manage waste products designed by the states all over the globe revolves around minimal production, authentic techniques for the management of waste produced, reuse and recycling, etc. The virtual survey of the available literature on waste management shows that it lacks specificity regarding the management of waste products parallel to ecological sustainability. The presented review covers the sources, potential environmental impacts, and highlights the importance of waste management strategies to provide the latest and updated knowledge. The review also put forward the countermeasures that need to be taken on national and International levels addressing the sensitive issue of waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province 318000, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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11
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Yang X, Gao Y, Gan T, Yang P, Cao M, Luo J. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 enhances the phytoremediation efficiency of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in Cd-polluted soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1273-1283. [PMID: 35014567 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2025203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the economic development of society, concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and heavy metals in soils have been increasing. The physiological responses of plants to the interaction between soil pollution and climatic change need to be understood. Pot experiments were designed to assess variations in Festuca arundinacea dry weight, leaf type, chlorophyll content, antioxidase activities, and Cd accumulation ability, under different atmospheric CO2 treatments. The results showed that the total dry weights increased with increasing CO2, and Cd concentrations in falling leaf tissues increased with raised atmospheric CO2, before reaching a peak at 600 ppm, above which they remained constant. Compared with the control (400 ppm), 600, 650, and 700 ppm CO2 treatments increased the proportions of the falling tissues by 1.7%, 3.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities in plant leaves increased with increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. The concentration of H2O2 in leaf tissues increased with increasing CO2, reaching a peak at 600 ppm, and then decreased significantly as the CO2 content increased further, to 700 ppm. The results in this study suggest that F. arundinacea could be regarded as a potential candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soil; especially if senescent and dead leaf tissues could be harvested, and that raised atmospheric CO2 levels could improve its soil remediation efficiency.Novelty statement Extrapolation of results from experiments of environmental impacts in greenhouse to real scale field requires to be considered cautiously. External factors such as water, temperature, humidity, and pollution are variable in real field. Plants will face a lot of beneficial or detrimental conditions which will influence the magnitude of the results. However, the elevation of CO2 is an inevitable phenomenon in future. Therefore, findings from experiments under artificial conditions are sometime a good choice to obtain knowledge about elevated CO2 related impacts on phytoremediation efficiency of a specific plant. The final goal of this work is to find a suitable CO2 fumigation strategy optimized for soil remediation. We report on that elevated atmospheric CO2 can increase the phytoremediation efficiency of Festuca arundinacea for Cd. This is significant because the combined influences of elevated atmospheric CO2 and metal pollution in terms of biomass yield, pollutant uptake, and phytoremediation efficiency would be more complex than the effects of each individual factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueping Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zeng X, Liu D, Wu W. PM 2.5 exposure and pediatric health in e-waste dismantling areas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103774. [PMID: 34800720 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the first leading environmental risk factor for death according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Children are in a pivotal window stage of growth and development, and one of the most sensitive and vulnerable groups when they are exposed to PM2.5. E-waste refers to the abandoned electrical or electronic equipment. Informal e-waste dismantling activities, such as heating, burning, and roasting, will release a large number PM2.5 into the local atmosphere. PM2.5 exposure levels are higher in e-waste dismantling areas than those in reference areas. PM2.5 derived from e-waste contains a variety of toxic and harmful components such as transition metals and persistent organic pollutants. Few studies have focused on the exposure levels of PM2.5 and its compositions in e-waste dismantling areas, but little is known about their effects on children's health. Therefore, this study will briefly summarize the impact of PM2.5 on children's health in e-waste dismantling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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13
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Parvez SM, Jahan F, Brune MN, Gorman JF, Rahman MJ, Carpenter D, Islam Z, Rahman M, Aich N, Knibbs LD, Sly PD. Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: an updated systematic review. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e905-e920. [PMID: 34895498 PMCID: PMC8674120 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) contains numerous chemicals harmful to human and ecological health. To update a 2013 review assessing adverse human health consequences of exposure to e-waste, we systematically reviewed studies reporting effects on humans related to e-waste exposure. We searched EMBASE, PsycNET, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PubMed for articles published between Dec 18, 2012, and Jan 28, 2020, restricting our search to publications in English. Of the 5645 records identified, we included 70 studies that met the preset criteria. People living in e-waste exposed regions had significantly elevated levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Children and pregnant women were especially susceptible during the critical periods of exposure that detrimentally affect diverse biological systems and organs. Elevated toxic chemicals negatively impact on neonatal growth indices and hormone level alterations in e-waste exposed populations. We recorded possible connections between chronic exposure to e-waste and DNA lesions, telomere attrition, inhibited vaccine responsiveness, elevated oxidative stress, and altered immune function. The existence of various toxic chemicals in e-waste recycling areas impose plausible adverse health outcomes. Novel cost-effective methods for safe recycling operations need to be employed in e-waste sites to ensure the health and safety of vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarker M Parvez
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Environmental Intervention Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Jahan
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marie-Noel Brune
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia F Gorman
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Musarrat J Rahman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Zahir Islam
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Shawahna R, Zyoud A, Naseef O, Muwafi K, Matar A. Salivary Lead Levels among Workers in Different Industrial Areas in the West Bank of Palestine: a Cross-Sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4410-4417. [PMID: 33394307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that can easily be obtained and used for biomonitoring lead levels in occupationally and environmentally exposed individuals. The aims of this study were to determine salivary lead levels among workers in different industrial areas in the West Bank of Palestine and investigate the association between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the workers and their salivary lead levels. Salivary samples were obtained from workers in different industrial areas in metal-free polyethylene tubes. The samples were analyzed for their lead contents using a pre-validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. A total of 97 salivary samples were analyzed. The median salivary lead level was 1.84 μg/dL an IQR of 5.04 μg/dL. Salivary lead levels were significantly higher in workers who were 40 years and older (p value = 0.031), had 3 children or more (p value = 0.048), worked in repair workshops (p value = 0.012), worked in industrial areas for 20 years or more (p value = 0.048), did not consume fruits on regular basis (p value = 0.031), and smoked for 30 years or more (p value = 0.013). Multiple linear regression showed that smoking of 30 years old or more was a significant (p value < 0.001) predictor of higher salivary lead levels. Salivary lead levels among workers from different industrial areas of the West Bank were comparable to those occupationally exposed to lead in more industrialized and urbanized areas of the world. Smoking was a predictor of higher salivary lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Omar Naseef
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Kamil Muwafi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abdullah Matar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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15
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Yang P, Gan T, Pi W, Cao M, Chen D, Luo J. Effect of using Celosia argentea grown from seeds treated with a magnetic field to conduct Cd phytoremediation in drought stress conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130724. [PMID: 34162085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the stimulatory effect of external magnetic fields on plant growth have been revealed; however, the role of magnetic fields in the efficiency of phytoremediation with Celosia argentea grown under drought stress which results in detrimental influences on food security has not been reported. Therefore, this study evaluated the physiological responses of C. argentea to the interactions between exposure to a magnetic field and drought stress. Compared with a control, a drought treatment negatively affected the dry weight, transpiration rate, and Cd extraction efficiency of the species and caused oxidative damage in plant cells, as manifested by the increase in malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The biomass production, pigment levels, Cd content, and phytoremediation efficiency of the plant were positively affected by all magnetic field treatments compared to the control. All magnetic treatments, except those at 30 mT, alleviated the detrimental effects induced by a 10-day irrigation regime by enhancing the dry weight, chlorophyll content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of the plant. In terms of the interaction between pre-sowing magnetic field seed treatment and drought stress, a 100 mT treatment increased most of the measured parameters, particularly under a 3-day irrigation regime; this corresponded to the optimal phytoremediation efficiency. The results suggest that magnetic field treatment is a novel, economical, and practicable strategy by which to increase the efficiency of phytoremediation using C. argentea under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Pi
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Lum JTS, Chan YN, Leung KSY. Current applications and future perspectives on elemental analysis of non-invasive samples for human biomonitoring. Talanta 2021; 234:122683. [PMID: 34364482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to numerous environmental pollutants including potentially toxic elements. Essential elements play an important role in human health. Abnormal elemental levels in the body, in different forms that existed, have been reported to be correlated with different diseases and environmental exposure. Blood is the conventional biological sample used in human biomonitoring. However, blood samples can only reflect short-term exposure and require invasive sampling, which poses infection risk to individuals. In recent years, the number of research evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive samples (hair, nails, urine, meconium, breast milk, placenta, cord blood, saliva and teeth) for human biomonitoring is increasing. These samples can be collected easily and provide extra information in addition to blood analysis. Yet, the correlation between the elemental concentration in non-invasive samples and in blood is not well established, which hinders the application of those samples in routine human biomonitoring. This review aims at providing a fundamental overview of analytical methods of non-invasive samples in human biomonitoring. The content covers the sample collection and pretreatment, sample preparation and instrumental analysis. The technical discussions are separated into solution analysis and solid analysis. In the last section, the authors highlight some of the perspectives on the future of elemental analysis in human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Tsz-Shan Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun-Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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E-waste management: A review of recycling process, environmental and occupational health hazards, and potential solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Environmental contamination and public health effects of electronic waste: an overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1209-1227. [PMID: 34150306 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, electronic waste has become the fastest growing waste stream globally with potential deleterious environmental and public health effects from its hazardous constituents. This review aims at providing an up-to-date information on the environmental and public health effects of e- wastes, and also identify research gaps that could form basis of further innovative studies on this important subject. Methods We carried out literature survey using several search engines. All available literature which reported directly on environmental contamination of air, soil, and water by e-wastes, and their effects on exposed plants, animals, and humans were used in other to generate an updated information. Results High production volume coupled with indiscriminate disposal and informal recycling has made electronic waste (e-waste) to become a global public and environmental health issue. E-waste is made up of different hazardous substances such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants with the capacity to contaminate the environment if processed or recycled inappropriately. Humans and animals become exposed to e-waste constituents via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Several health effects have been linked to e-wastes. The most susceptible were children, pregnant women, and workers in primitive recycling sites. Generation of e-waste is predicted to increase drastically in the next decade with the potential complex interactive effects of its constituents. Conclusion This review is an up-to-date assessment of studies and reports on e-waste environmental contamination and public health effects. The review has shown that e-waste contains constituents that caused adverse environmental effects and toxicity to the biota. However, there is an enormous data gap between exposure quantification and possible health effects. More studies are needed to elucidate and provide holistic information on environmental and public health dangers posed by e-waste constituents.
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Zeng X, Xu C, Xu X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Huo X. Elevated lead levels in relation to low serum neuropeptide Y and adverse behavioral effects in preschool children with e-waste exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129380. [PMID: 33383249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a neurotoxicant, lead (Pb) primarily affects central nervous system, and particularly impacts developing brain. This study explores the associations of blood Pb level and children's behavioral health. A total of 213 preschool children aged 3-7 years old were recruited from Guiyu (the e-waste-exposed area) and Haojiang (the reference area). The behavioral health of children was assessed using the 'behavioral symptoms' subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed that there was a significant difference in percent of children categorized as "at risk" between Guiyu (48.2%) and Haojiang (13.9%) (p < 0.001). The blood Pb level of children in Guiyu was significantly higher than those in Haojiang (median: 5.19 μg/dL vs. 3.42 μg/dL, p < 0.001). The serum Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly lower in Guiyu children than those in Haojiang. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated that blood Pb levels was negatively correlated with NPY (rs = -0.25, p < 0.001), but positively correlated with behavioral symptom scores; while serum NPY levels were negatively associated with behavioral symptom scores. Behavioral symptom scores were higher in children with blood Pb level ≥5.00 μg/dL (high) than those with blood Pb level < 5.00 μg/dL (low). After adjusting for confounding factors, children with lower NPY levels were at higher risk of having behavioral difficulties. In conclusion, Pb exposure in e-waste-exposed areas may lead to decrease in serum NPY and increase in the risk of children's behavioral problems. In addition, NPY may mediate the association between Pb exposure and behavioral difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, And Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, And Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, And Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, And Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Wang M, Xia W, Zeng Q, Zhang W, Qian X, Bao S, Zhou A, Li Y, Xu S. Associations between prenatal and postnatal lead exposure and preschool children humoral and cellular immune responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111536. [PMID: 33254398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that lead exposure affected the immune function, but few studies have examined the relationships between in utero lead exposure, a sensitive period that is important for immune development, and later immune responses. To investigate the effects of prenatal and childhood lead exposure on the preschool-aged children's immune responses, a prospective birth cohort study was established in Wuhan, China, in which lead concentrations were analyzed in maternal urine during the third trimester and in plasma samples from children aged about 3 years. We assessed immune responses by measuring immune cytokines in the children's plasma (n = 326) and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets (n = 394) at 3 years of age. Each unit increase in maternal urinary lead concentration (μg/g creatinine) was associated with reduced IL-10 (β = -5.93%, 95%CI: -11.82%, -0.03%) and reduced IL-4 levels (β = -5.62%, 95%CI: -10.44%, -0.80%). Lead in children's plasma (μg/L) was associated with significant increase in TNF-α (β = 10.78%, 95%CI: 3.97%, 17.59%). No statistically significant relationship of childhood lead exposure with T lymphocyte subsets was observed. The study suggested prenatal and childhood lead exposure was associated with changes in preschool children's plasma cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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21
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Zhang S, Huo X, Li M, Hou R, Cong X, Xu X. Oral antimicrobial activity weakened in children with electronic waste lead exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14763-14770. [PMID: 32056098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental lead (Pb) exposure can induce dysbacteriosis, impair oral health, and is associated with the development of dental caries. However, the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Pb toxicity on oral antimicrobial activity in children in an e-waste area. Results showed higher blood Pb levels in e-waste-exposed group children, accompanied by decreased saliva SAG (salivary agglutinin) concentrations, increased peripheral WBC (white blood cell) counts and monocyte counts, and elevated peripheral monocyte percentage. LnPb (natural logarithmic transformation of blood Pb level) was negatively correlated with saliva SAG concentration, while positively correlated with peripheral monocyte percentage. Saliva SAG concentration played a complete mediating role in the correlation of LnPb to peripheral monocyte percentage. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the relationship of environmental Pb exposure and oral antimicrobial activity in children, showing that environmental Pb exposure may weaken oral antimicrobial activity through reducing saliva SAG concentration, which may raise the risk of oral dysbacteriosis and ultimately pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruikun Hou
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Huang X, Xu X, Dai Y, Cheng Z, Zheng X, Huo X. Association of prenatal exposure to PAHs with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and birth outcomes of newborns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138009. [PMID: 32213412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that cause serious concerns because of their carcinogenicity and endocrine disrupting ability. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we studied how urinary PAH metabolites are related with the dose-effects of hormone levels and birth outcomes. METHOD 163 pregnant women without health problems and 163 newborns were enrolled in hospitals in Guiyu (e-waste-exposed area) and Haojiang (reference area) from May 2016 to May 2017. Urine samples were collected to measure hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) metabolite levels. Umbilical cord blood was used for measurement of hormone levels. Anthropometric parameters of newborns, such as anogenital distance (AGD), were also measured. RESULTS Eight of ten urinary PAH metabolites in the exposed group were significantly higher than in the reference group. Levels of umbilical cord serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in the exposed group were significantly lower than those in the reference group. Birth weight was positively correlated with 2-OHFlu (2-hydroxyfluorene). Head circumference was negatively correlated with 9-OHFlu, 3-OHPhe (3-hydroxyphenanthrene), 9-OHPhe, and ƩOHFlu (sum of 2-OHFlu and 9-OHFlu). Serum E2 and T levels were negatively correlated with most OH-PAHs. In addition, we found that serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level was positively correlated with AGD, and serum E2 level was negatively correlated with neonatal head circumference. CONCLUSIONS PAH exposure in pregnant women may adversely affect the birth outcomes of newborns, especially AGD; and AMH may be involved in the process. Establishing a baseline for the relationship between PAH exposure and health is important to protect the health of mothers and children living in electronic waste (e-waste) recycling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiheng Cheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Role of lead in dental diseases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:329-361. [PMID: 33382012 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1834313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in our environment and causes many pathophysiological health effects, including dental diseases. Dental Pb levels are considered good biological indicators of environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Pb in blood and saliva causes imbalances in the growth of oral microflora. The pH of saliva decreases, interferes with and interacts with bone-seeking elements, changes oral inflammatory parameters, generates reactive oxygen species, causes oxidative damage, and delays the mineralization process, leading to dental diseases. Pb's dental diseases include periodontitis, enamel lesions and defects, fluorosis, Burton's line, and tooth loss. Environmental and physiological factors, including age, gender, tooth type and position, pregnancy and lactation, eating and drinking habits, smoking habits, and exposures from Pb-contaminated residential and occupational areas, affect the distribution of Pb in blood, bone, and saliva, which contributes to dental diseases. However, living and working in Pb free areas can prevent environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Healthy lifestyles and eating habits, prohibiting smoking and alcohol drinking, further help prevent Pb exposure. Also, the fluoridation of water, salt, and milk provide nutritional supplements of trace elements, which can help prevent teeth from absorbing Pb from the environment, thereby reducing the risk of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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