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Zheng X, Wang C, Chen F, Li S, Zhang H, Dong G, Yang S, Kang X, Kang Z, Han C, Yin S, Li W. Zanubrutinib delays selinexor resistance evolution in biopsy sample-derived primary central nervous system lymphoma models. iScience 2024; 27:109799. [PMID: 38726367 PMCID: PMC11079464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma of the brain with poor prognosis. The scarcity of cell lines established using PCNSL makes it difficult to conduct preclinical studies on new drugs. We aimed to explore the effect of selinexor combined with zanubrutinib in PCNSL using established PCNSL cells and an orthotopic PCNSL model. Primary PCNSL cells were successfully cultured. Selinexor inhibited proliferation, induced G1 phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis, however, induced drug resistance in PCNSL. Selinexor combined with zanubrutinib had a synergistic effect on PCNSL and prevented the onset of selinexor resistance in PCNSL by inhibiting AKT signaling. Moreover, selinexor combined with zanubrutinib notably slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to that of the control. Overall, the addition of zanubrutinib to selinexor monotreatment had a synergistic effect in vitro and prolonged survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gehong Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubo Yang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Kang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Ou Y, Wang M, Xu Q, Sun B, Jia Y. Small molecule agents for triple negative breast cancer: Current status and future prospects. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101893. [PMID: 38290250 PMCID: PMC10840364 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. The number of cases increased by 2.26 million in 2020, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in the world. TNBCs lack hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), which limits treatment options. Currently, paclitaxel-based drugs combined with other chemotherapeutics remain the main treatment for TNBC. There is currently no consensus on the best therapeutic regimen for TNBC. However, there have been successful clinical trials exploring large-molecule monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule targeted drugs, and novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Although monoclonal antibodies have produced clinical success, their large molecular weight can limit therapeutic benefits. It is worth noting that in the past 30 years, the FDA has approved small molecule drugs for HER2-positive breast cancers. The lack of effective targets and the occurrence of drug resistance pose significant challenges in the treatment of TNBC. To improve the prognosis of TNBC, it is crucial to search for effective targets and to overcome drug resistance. This review examines the clinical efficacy, adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and potential solutions of targeted small molecule drugs in both monotherapies and combination therapies. New therapeutic targets, including nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1) and hedgehog (Hh), are emerging as potential options for researchers and become integrated into clinical trials for TNBC. Additionally, there is growing interest in the potential of targeted protein degradation chimeras (PROTACs), degraders of rogue proteins, as a future therapy direction. This review provides potentially valuable insights with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ou
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengchao Wang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Xu
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Binxu Sun
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Kose S, Ogawa Y, Imamoto N. Thermal Stress and Nuclear Transport. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1461:61-78. [PMID: 39289274 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear transport is the basis for the biological reaction of eukaryotic cells, as it is essential to coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic events separated by nuclear envelope. Although we currently understand the basic molecular mechanisms of nuclear transport in detail, many unexplored areas remain. For example, it is believed that the regulations and biological functions of the nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) highlights the significance of the transport pathways in physiological contexts. However, physiological significance of multiple parallel transport pathways consisting of more than 20 NTRs is still poorly understood, because our knowledge of each pathway, regarding their substrate information or how they are differently regulated, is still limited. In this report, we describe studies showing how nuclear transport systems in general are affected by temperature rises, namely, thermal stress or heat stress. We will then focus on Importin α family members and unique transport factor Hikeshi, because these two NTRs are affected in heat stress. Our present review will provide an additional view to point out the importance of diversity of the nuclear transport pathways in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kose
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Ogawa
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naoko Imamoto
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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4
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Li C, Zhang Q, Huang W, Huang L, Long Q, Lei Y, Jia D, Yang S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Sun Q. Discovery of a Hidden Pocket beneath the NES Groove by Novel Noncovalent CRM1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17044-17058. [PMID: 38105606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein localization is frequently manipulated to favor tumor initiation and progression. In cancer cells, the nuclear export factor CRM1 is often overexpressed and aberrantly localizes many tumor suppressors via protein-protein interactions. Although targeting protein-protein interactions is usually challenging, covalent inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug KPT-330 (selinexor), were successfully developed. The development of noncovalent CRM1 inhibitors remains scarce. Here, by shifting the side chain of two methionine residues and virtually screening against a large compound library, we successfully identified a series of noncovalent CRM1 inhibitors with a stable scaffold. Crystal structures of inhibitor-protein complexes revealed that one of the compounds, B28, utilized a deeply hidden protein interior cavity for binding. SAR analysis guided the development of several B28 derivatives with enhanced inhibition on nuclear export and growth of multiple cancer cell lines. This work may benefit the development of new CRM1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qing Long
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
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5
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Tong X, Jin J, Xu B, Su S, Li L, Li M, Peng Y, Mao X, Huang W, Zhang D. Real-world experience with selinexor-containing chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and myeloid sarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217701. [PMID: 37601075 PMCID: PMC10436481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) and myeloid sarcoma (MS) has presented challenges for decades. Studies on selinexor in combination with various standard or intensive chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of R/R AML have demonstrated promising results. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens with selinexor for R/R AML and MS patients. Methods: Ten patients with R/R AML or MS who received chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens in combination with selinexor at Tongji Hospital from October 2021 to August 2022 were included in this study. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematological recovery (CRi), partial remission (PR), transplantation rate, and safety. Results: All patients were evaluable for response, achieving CR in four (40.0%) patients and CRi in two (20.0%) patients for a total CR/CRi of 60.0%. The ORR was 80.0% when patients with PR were included. Five (50.0%) patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after treatment with selinexor-containing regimens. At the end of the follow-up, seven (70.0%) patients were alive, and three patients died of transplant-related complications or disease progression. The most frequently reported nonhematologic adverse events (AEs) in patients were grade 1 or 2 asymptomatic hyponatremia. Conclusion: The chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens in combination with selinexor for R/R AML are feasible and tolerable and provide an opportunity for patients to receive transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Saibu OA, Hammed SO, Oladipo OO, Odunitan TT, Ajayi TM, Adejuyigbe AJ, Apanisile BT, Oyeneyin OE, Oluwafemi AT, Ayoola T, Olaoba OT, Alausa AO, Omoboyowa DA. Protein-protein interaction and interference of carcinogenesis by supramolecular modifications. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117211. [PMID: 36809721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential in normal biological processes, but they can become disrupted or imbalanced in cancer. Various technological advancements have led to an increase in the number of PPI inhibitors, which target hubs in cancer cell's protein networks. However, it remains difficult to develop PPI inhibitors with desired potency and specificity. Supramolecular chemistry has only lately become recognized as a promising method to modify protein activities. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the use of supramolecular modification approaches in cancer therapy. We make special note of efforts to apply supramolecular modifications, such as molecular tweezers, to targeting the nuclear export signal (NES), which can be used to attenuate signaling processes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using supramolecular approaches to targeting PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin A Saibu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, NorthRhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sodiq O Hammed
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Tope T Odunitan
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope M Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke J Adejuyigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Boluwatife T Apanisile
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoba E Oyeneyin
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Unit, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adenrele T Oluwafemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Ayoola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olamide T Olaoba
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abdullahi O Alausa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Damilola A Omoboyowa
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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7
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Totiger TM, Chaudhry S, Musi E, Afaghani J, Montoya S, Owusu‐Ansah F, Lee S, Schwartz G, Klimek V, Taylor J. Protein biomarkers for response to XPO1 inhibition in haematologic malignancies. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:587-590. [PMID: 36722323 PMCID: PMC9930413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
XPO1 (Exportin-1) is the nuclear export protein responsible for the normal shuttling of several proteins and RNA species between the nucleocytoplasmic compartment of eukaryotic cells. XPO1 recognizes the nuclear export signal (NES) of its cargo proteins to facilitate its export. Alterations of nuclear export have been shown to play a role in oncogenesis in several types of solid tumour and haematologic cancers. Over more than a decade, there has been substantial progress in targeting nuclear export in cancer using selective XPO1 inhibitors. This has resulted in recent approval for the first-in-class drug selinexor for use in relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite these successes, not all patients respond effectively to XPO1 inhibition and there has been lack of biomarkers for response to XPO1 inhibitors in the clinic. Using haematologic malignancy cell lines and samples from patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms treated with selinexor, we have identified XPO1, NF-κB(p65), MCL-1 and p53 protein levels as protein markers of response to XPO1 inhibitor therapy. These markers could lead to the identification of response upon XPO1 inhibition for more accurate decision-making in the personalized treatment of cancer patients undergoing treatment with selinexor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasigeri M. Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Columbia University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jumana Afaghani
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Frank Owusu‐Ansah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginiaUSA
| | - Stanley Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Gary Schwartz
- Columbia University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Virginia Klimek
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Syros PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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8
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Westin SN, Fu S, Tsimberidou A, Piha-Paul S, Akhmedzhanov F, Yilmaz B, McQuinn L, Brink AL, Gong J, Leung CH, Lin H, Hong DS, Pant S, Carter B, Jazaeri A, Gershenson D, Sood AK, Coleman RL, Shah J, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Selinexor in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with metastatic solid tumors: Results of an open label, single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study with expansion phase in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 168:76-82. [PMID: 36423446 PMCID: PMC9797438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound which blocks Exportin-1 (XPO1). Our objective was to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of selinexor and weekly paclitaxel. METHODS This was an open label, single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study utilizing a "3 + 3" design and a "basket-type" expansion in recurrent solid tumors. Selinexor (60 mg or 80 mg twice weekly orally) and weekly paclitaxel (80 mg IV 2 week on, 1 week off) were one of 13 parallel arms. Efficacy was evaluated using RECIST version 1.1. RESULTS All 35 patients treated were evaluable for toxicity and 31 (88%) were evaluable for response. Patient diagnoses included platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian (n = 28), breast (n = 4), prostate (n = 2), and cervical (n = 1) cancer. Patients had a median of four prior therapies (range 1-10), and 47% had a prior taxane in the recurrent setting. There were no DLTs and 60 mg was chosen as the RP2D due to long-term tolerability. Ninety-seven percent of patients had at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), and the most common grade ≥ 3 TEAE were neutropenia (46%), anemia (31%), and nausea (21%). Among 24 evaluable patients with ovarian cancer, response rate was 17%, CBR was 58%, and median PFS was 6.8 months (95% CI 3.7, not reached (NR)). CONCLUSIONS Oral selinexor in combination with weekly paclitaxel demonstrated promising clinical activity with manageable toxicity. This combination should be considered for further exploration in a randomized study, especially in ovarian malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fechukwu Akhmedzhanov
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bulent Yilmaz
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lacey McQuinn
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda L Brink
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheuk Hong Leung
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amir Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Lin KH, Rutter JC, Xie A, Killarney ST, Vaganay C, Benaksas C, Ling F, Sodaro G, Meslin PA, Bassil CF, Fenouille N, Hoj J, Washart R, Ang HX, Cerda-Smith C, Chaintreuil P, Jacquel A, Auberger P, Forget A, Itzykson R, Lu M, Lin J, Pierobon M, Sheng Z, Li X, Chilkoti A, Owzar K, Rizzieri DA, Pardee TS, Benajiba L, Petricoin E, Puissant A, Wood KC. P2RY2-AKT activation is a therapeutically actionable consequence of XPO1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:837-851. [PMID: 35668193 PMCID: PMC9949365 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selinexor is a first-in-class inhibitor of the nuclear exportin XPO1 that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), selinexor has shown promising activity, suggesting that selinexor-based combination therapies may have clinical potential. Here, motivated by the hypothesis that selinexor's nuclear sequestration of diverse substrates imposes pleiotropic fitness effects on AML cells, we systematically catalog the pro- and anti-fitness consequences of selinexor treatment. We discover that selinexor activates PI3Kγ-dependent AKT signaling in AML by upregulating the purinergic receptor P2RY2. Inhibiting this axis potentiates the anti-leukemic effects of selinexor in AML cell lines, patient-derived primary cultures and multiple mouse models of AML. In a syngeneic, MLL-AF9-driven mouse model of AML, treatment with selinexor and ipatasertib outperforms both standard-of-care chemotherapy and chemotherapy with selinexor. Together, these findings establish drug-induced P2RY2-AKT signaling as an actionable consequence of XPO1 inhibition in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abigail Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shane T Killarney
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Camille Vaganay
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Chaima Benaksas
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frank Ling
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaetano Sodaro
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Paul-Arthur Meslin
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Nina Fenouille
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacob Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Washart
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel X Ang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Forget
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Zhecheng Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David A Rizzieri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy S Pardee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lina Benajiba
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Balasubramanian SK, Azmi AS, Maciejewski J. Selective inhibition of nuclear export: a promising approach in the shifting treatment paradigms for hematological neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:601-612. [PMID: 35091658 PMCID: PMC8885406 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel targeted therapeutics alone or in rational combinations are likely to dominate the future management of various hematological neoplasms. However, the challenges currently faced are the molecular heterogeneity in driver lesions and genetic plasticity leading to multiple resistance pathways. Thus, progress has overall been gradual. For example, despite the advent of targeted agents against actionable drivers like FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis remains suboptimal in newly diagnosed and dismal in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting, due to other molecular abnormalities contributing to inherent and acquired treatment resistance. Nuclear export inhibitors are of keen interest because they can inhibit several active tumorigenic processes simultaneously and also synergize with other targeted drugs and chemotherapy. XPO1 (or CRM1, chromosome maintenance region 1) is one of the most studied exportins involved in transporting critical cargoes, including tumor suppressor proteins like p27, p53, and RB1. Apart from the TSP cargo transport and its role in drug resistance, XPO1 inhibition results in retention of master transcription factors essential for cell differentiation, cell survival, and autophagy, rendering cells more susceptible to the effects of other antineoplastic agents, including targeted therapies. This review will dissect the role of XPO1 inhibition in hematological neoplasms, focusing on mechanistic insights gleaned mainly from work with SINE compounds. Future potential combinatorial strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
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Qu B, Xu Y, Lu Y, Zhuang W, Jin X, Shi Q, Yan S, Guo Y, Shen Z, Che J, Wu Y, Tong L, Dong X, Yang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonamides inhibitors of XPO1 displaying activity against multiple myeloma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Cornell RF, Baz R, Richter JR, Rossi A, Vogl DT, Chen C, Shustik C, Alvarez MJ, Shen Y, Unger TJ, Ben-Shahar O, Wang H, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Ma X, Landesman Y, Bai X, Bader J, Xu H, Marshall T, Chang H, Walker CJ, Shah J, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Hofmeister CC. A phase 1 clinical trial of oral eltanexor in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:E54-E58. [PMID: 34817872 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachid Baz
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua R Richter
- Hackensack University John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adriana Rossi
- Weill Cornell Medical College Myeloma Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan T Vogl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine Chen
- UHN Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chaim Shustik
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Yao Shen
- DarwinHealth Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - T J Unger
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hongwei Wang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiwen Ma
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiang Bai
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Bader
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Thein KZ, Piha-Paul SA, Tsimberidou A, Karp DD, Janku F, Fu S, Subbiah V, Hong DS, Yap TA, Shah J, Milton DR, McQuinn L, Gong J, Tran Y, Carter BW, Colen R, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Selinexor in combination with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:59. [PMID: 34965890 PMCID: PMC8715578 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), was demonstrated to hinder the DNA damage repair (DDR) system by reducing DDR proteins while enhancing the killing of cancer cells by DDR-based therapeutics in vivo studies. In this single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study, selinexor with carboplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (DC), irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (FOLFIRI), irinotecan, and capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX), were employed as separate parallel arms. Eligible patients have relapsed/ metastatic refractory solid tumors following standard therapy or addition of selinexor to systemic therapy was appropriate. Nineteen patients were treated in the 5 arms. Tumor types included were colorectal (n = 3), breast (n = 3), neuroendocrine (n = 2), ovarian (n = 2), and pancreas cancers (n = 2). All patients developed one treatment-related adverse events (TRAE). The most prevalent TRAE were thrombocytopenia (84%), nausea (68%), leukopenia (68%), neutropenia (63%), and fatigue (58%). The common grade 3/4 TRAE were neutropenia (42%), leukopenia (26%), and hyponatremia (21%). Three patients had dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) in 3 separate arms. Fourteen patients were evaluable for response. Although no patients achieved complete or partial response (CR or PR), seven patients attained stable disease (SD). Disease control rate (DCR) was 14%. The combination of oral selinexor with different standard chemotherapies showed limited clinical activity despite toxicity and DLT prevented further dose escalation. Optimizing supportive care, the utility of growth factors, and aggressive measures on antiemetics strategies remain tangible. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02419495. Registered 14 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02419495). Sponsor(s): Karyopharm Therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Z Thein
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University/Knight Cancer Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code: OC14HO, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lacey McQuinn
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanyan Tran
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rivka Colen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang H, Zhang W, Yang J, Zhou K. The resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies of BTK inhibitors in B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:605-615. [PMID: 34651869 PMCID: PMC9293416 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have revolutionized the treatment of B‐cell lymphoma (BCL). These drugs interfere with the mechanisms underlying malignant B‐cell pathophysiology, allowing better drug response as well as low toxicity. However, these multiple mechanisms also lead to drug resistance, which compromised the treatment outcome and needs to be solved urgently. This review focuses on genomic variations (such as BTK and its downstream PCLG2 mutations as well as Del 8p, 2p+, Del 6q/8p, BIRC3, TRAF2, TRAF3, CARD11, MYD88, and CCND1 mutations) and related pathways (such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF‐κB, MAPK signaling pathways, overexpression of B‐cell lymphoma 6, platelet‐derived growth factor, toll‐like receptors, and microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and exosomes) involved in cancer pathophysiology to discuss the mechanisms underlying resistance to BTKi. We have also reviewed the newly reported drug resistance mechanisms and the proposed potential treatment strategies (the next‐generation BTKi, proteolysis‐targeting chimera‐BTK, XMU‐MP‐3, PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway, MYC or LYN kinase inhibitor, and other small‐molecule targeted drugs) to overcome drug resistance. The findings presented in this review lay a strong foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Armed Police Forces Hospital of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keshu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Thein KZ, Piha-Paul SA, Tsimberidou A, Karp DD, Janku F, Zarifa A, Shah J, Milton DR, Bean S, McQuinn L, Gong J, Colen R, Carter BW, Subbiah V, Ogbonna DC, Pant S, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Selinexor in combination with topotecan in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors: Results of an open-label, single-center, multi-arm phase Ib study. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1357-1365. [PMID: 33909232 PMCID: PMC8542012 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Selinexor, a first-in-class, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound inhibits Exportin-1(XPO1), had demonstrated synergistic activity with many chemotherapies and conferred in vivo antitumor efficacy in hematologic as well as solid tumors. Methods This open-label, single-center, multi-arm phase 1b study used a standard 3 + 3 design and a "basket type" expansion. Selinexor with intravenous topotecan was given in one of the 13 parallel arms. Patients with advanced or metastatic relapsed/refractory solid tumors following prior systemic therapy, or in whom the addition of selinexor to standard chemotherapy deemed appropriate, were eligible. Results Fourteen patients with the median age of 61 years (range, 22-68years) were treated, and the most common cancer types were gynecological cancers; ovarian (n = 5), endometrial (n = 2), and 1 each with fallopian tube and vaginal cancers. Of the 14 patients treated, 12 (86 %) had at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE). The most common TRAEs were anemia (71 %), thrombocytopenia (57 %), hyponatremia (57 %), vomiting (57 %), fatigue (50 %), nausea (50 %), and neutropenia (36 %). Two patients had dose limiting toxicities. One patient dosed at selinexor 80 mg had grade 3 nausea and vomiting and one patient dosed at selinexor 60 mg experienced grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Of the 13 efficacy evaluable patients, one (8 %) with endometrial cancer achieved unconfirmed partial response (uPR) and the time-to-treatment failure (TTF) was 48 weeks, whereas 6 of the 13 (46 %) patients had stable disease (SD) contributing to the clinical benefit rate of 46 %. The median TTF for all patients was 9 weeks (range, 2-48weeks). Conclusions Once weekly selinexor in combination with topotecan was viable and showed some preliminary tumor efficacy. The recommend phase 2 dose of selinexor was 60 mg once weekly in combination with IV topotecan.Trial registration: NCT02419495. Registered 14 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02419495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Zin Thein
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University/ Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Apostolia Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abdulrazzak Zarifa
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacie Bean
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lacey McQuinn
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rivka Colen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deby C Ogbonna
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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16
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Thein KZ, Karp DD, Tsimberidou A, Gong J, Sulovic S, Shah J, Milton DR, Hong DS, Janku F, McQuinn L, Stephen BA, Colen R, Carter BW, Yap TA, Piha-Paul SA, Fu S, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Selinexor in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors: Results of a single-center, multi-arm phase Ib study. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:290-299. [PMID: 34562230 PMCID: PMC8993773 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Carboplatin and paclitaxel (CT) is one of the standard chemotherapy regimens used in various tumor types. Preclinical models have suggested that selinexor, a first-in-class oral potent selective inhibitor of nuclear export Exportin-1, and CT exerts antitumor activity in multiple malignancies. Methods. This was a single-center, multi-arm phase Ib study utilizing a “basket type” expansion. CT and selinexor was employed as one of the 13 parallel arms. Advanced relapsed/refractory solid tumors following standard therapy or where the addition of selinexor to standard regimens deemed appropriate, were eligible. Results. Of 13 patients treated, 12 patients were evaluable for response. The most common cancers were breast (n = 4), esophageal (n = 2), ovarian (n = 2) and non-small cell lung cancers (n = 2). All 13 patients had at least one treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and the most common were neutropenia (85%), leukopenia (85%), thrombocytopenia (85%), anemia (69%), nausea (54%), vomiting (46%), and fatigue (46%). One patient at 60 mg QW experienced DLT with grade 3 nausea and vomiting lasting 3 days. Unconfirmed partial response (uPR) was observed in 3 patients; one patient each with esophageal, breast, and ovarian cancer. One patient with esophageal adenocarcinoma had confirmed PR, however, was discontinued from the study due to clinical progression. Five patients achieved stable disease (SD). Disease control rate was 8%. Majority of patients (77%), including two patients who had uPR, had prior exposure to carboplatin and/or paclitaxel. Time-to-treatment failure (TTF) ranged from 1 to 153 weeks. Conclusion. The RP2D of selinexor was 60 mg QW in combination with CT. The combination conferred viable clinical activity with durable objective responses which should further be explored in tumor types for which CT is used as standard of care. Trial information. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02419495. Sponsor(s): Karyopharm Therapeutics. (Trial registration: NCT02419495. Registered 14 April 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02419495).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Z Thein
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University/ Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Selma Sulovic
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jatin Shah
- , Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lacey McQuinn
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bettzy A Stephen
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rivka Colen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Dev R, Zhong LL, Zarifa A, Albittar AA, Rubin L, Liu S, Yap TA, Dalal S, Hui D, Karp DD, Tsimberidou AM, Piha-Paul SA, Ahnert JR, Fu S, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A. Supportive care for the prevention of nausea, vomiting and anorexia in a phase 1B study of selinexor in advanced cancer patients: an exploratory study. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:124-133. [PMID: 34559346 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical observations of cancer patients treated with selinexor have reported high incidence of nausea and anorexia. The study objective was to investigate the adoption of prophylactic olanzapine for the prevention of nausea, vomiting and anorexia in cancer patients receiving selinexor and standard chemotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed supportive care interventions in patients receiving selinexor and recorded frequency of adverse events (NCI-CTAE). Association between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests; repeated measures analysis was performed to assess weight changes over time. RESULTS Of 124 evaluable patients, 83 (66.9%) were female, 93 were white (75.0%), and the most common cancer was ovarian (N = 30, 24.2%). One hundred and four patients (83.9%) received olanzapine, of which 93 (89.4%) were prophylactically treated, the majority (86.5%) receiving low 2.5 mg daily dose. Other anti-emetics included ondansetron in 90 patients (72.6%), dexamethasone prescribed in 50 patients (40.3%) and metoclopramide in 49 patients (39.5%), while aprepitant/fosaprepitant (N = 2, 1.6%) were prescribed infrequently. Cancer patients receiving prophylactic olanzapine (N = 93) compared to patients who never received olanzapine (N = 20) had more Grade 1 + anorexia (31.2% vs 20.0%), less nausea (53.8% vs 70.0%), less vomiting (33.3% vs 40.0%), and increased hyperglycemia (29.0% vs 10.0%), but differences were non-statistically significant. In addition, there was minimal weight loss over time in both groups and no statistically significant differences in weight loss between groups. CONCLUSION Prophylactic olanzapine decreased nausea, vomiting and maintained weight over 3 months but did not prevent anorexia in patients receiving selinexor and chemotherapy. Low dose olanzapine was well tolerated but associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Dev
- Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Linda L Zhong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Abdulrazzak Zarifa
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Aya A Albittar
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Laura Rubin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Suyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Shalini Dalal
- Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - David Hui
- Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jordi Rodon Ahnert
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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18
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Richard S, Chari A, Delimpasi S, Simonova M, Spicka I, Pour L, Kriachok I, Dimopoulos MA, Pylypenko H, Auner HW, Leleu X, Usenko G, Hajek R, Benjamin R, Dolai TK, Sinha DK, Venner CP, Garg M, Stevens DA, Quach H, Jagannath S, Moreau P, Levy M, Badros A, Anderson LD, Bahlis NJ, Facon T, Mateos MV, Cavo M, Chang H, Landesman Y, Chai Y, Arazy M, Shah J, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Grosicki S, Richardson PG. Selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone in previously treated multiple myeloma: Outcomes by cytogenetic risk. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1120-1130. [PMID: 34062004 PMCID: PMC8457116 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the phase 3 BOSTON study, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after 1-3 prior regimens were randomized to once-weekly selinexor (an oral inhibitor of exportin 1 [XPO1]) plus bortezomib-dexamethasone (XVd) or twice-weekly bortezomib-dexamethasone (Vd). Compared with Vd, XVd was associated with significant improvements in median progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and lower rates of peripheral neuropathy, with trends in overall survival (OS) favoring XVd. In BOSTON, 141 (35.1%) patients had MM with high-risk (presence of del[17p], t[4;14], t[14;16], or ≥4 copies of amp1q21) cytogenetics (XVd, n = 70; Vd, n = 71), and 261 (64.9%) exhibited standard-risk cytogenetics (XVd, n = 125; Vd, n = 136). Among patients with high-risk MM, median PFS was 12.91 months for XVd and 8.61 months for Vd (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, (0.4673, 1.1406)], p = 0.082), and ORRs were 78.6% and 57.7%, respectively (OR 2.68; p = 0.004). In the standard-risk subgroup, median PFS was 16.62 months for XVd and 9.46 months for Vd (HR 0.61; p = 0.004), and ORRs were 75.2% and 64.7%, respectively (OR 1.65; p = 0.033). The safety profiles of XVd and Vd in both subgroups were consistent with the overall population. These data suggest that selinexor can confer benefits to patients with MM regardless of cytogenetic risk. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03110562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambavi Richard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute New York New York USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute New York New York USA
| | | | - Maryana Simonova
- Institute of Blood Pathology & Transfusion Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - Ivan Spicka
- Charles University and General Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Pour
- Clinic of Internal Medicine —Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine Athens Greece
| | - Halyna Pylypenko
- Department of Hematology Cherkassy Regional Oncological Center Cherkassy Ukraine
| | | | - Xavier Leleu
- Department of Hematology CHU la Miletrie and Inserm CIC 1402 Poitiers France
| | - Ganna Usenko
- City Clinical Hospital No. 4 of Dnipro City Council Dnipro Ukraine
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hemato‐oncology, University Hospital Ostrava University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Dinesh Kumar Sinha
- State Cancer Institute Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Patna India
| | | | - Mamta Garg
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
| | | | - Hang Quach
- University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute New York New York USA
| | | | - Moshe Levy
- Baylor University Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Ashraf Badros
- University of Maryland, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Larry D. Anderson
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Nizar J. Bahlis
- University of Calgary Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Thierry Facon
- CHU Lille Service des Maladies du Sang F‐59000 Lille France
| | | | - Michele Cavo
- Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology Bologna University School of Medicine Bologna Italy
| | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc. Newton Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Yi Chai
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc. Newton Massachusetts USA
| | - Melina Arazy
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc. Newton Massachusetts USA
| | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc. Newton Massachusetts USA
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19
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Marijon H, Gery S, Chang H, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Lee DH, de Gramont A, Koeffler HP. Selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, enhances the anti-tumor activity of olaparib in triple negative breast cancer regardless of BRCA1 mutation status. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1749-1762. [PMID: 34504648 PMCID: PMC8416554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a deadly disease with limited treatment options. Selinexor is a selective inhibitor of nuclear export that binds covalently to exportin 1 thereby reactivating tumor suppressor proteins and downregulating expression of oncogenes and DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins. Olaparib is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with breast cancer harboring BRCA mutations. We examined the effects of co-treatment with selinexor and olaparib in TNBC cell lines. BRCA1 wildtype (BRCA1-wt) and BRCA1 mutant (BRCA1-mut) TNBC cell lines were treated with selinexor and/or olaparib and effects on cell viability and cell cycle were evaluated. The effects of treatment were also evaluated in mouse xenograft models generated with BRCA1-wt and BRCA1-mut TNBC cell lines. Treatment with selinexor inhibited cell proliferation and survival of all TNBC cell lines tested in vitro. This effect was enhanced following treatment of the cells with the combination of selinexor and olaparib, which showed synergistic effects on tumor growth inhibition in MDA-MB-468-derived (BRCA1-wt) and MDA-MB-436-derived (BRCA1-mut) xenografts. As co-treatment with selinexor and olaparib exhibits anti-tumor activity regardless of BRCA1 mutation status, the clinical implications of the combination warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marijon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Hospital (Fondation Cognacq-Jay), Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Sigal Gery
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | | | - Dhong Hyun Lee
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aimery de Gramont
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Hospital (Fondation Cognacq-Jay), Levallois-Perret, France
- Statistical Unit, Aide et Recherche en Cancérologie Digestive Foundation, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Harold Phillip Koeffler
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore 117599, Singapore
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20
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Pan L, Cheng C, Duan P, Chen K, Wu Y, Wu Z. XPO1/CRM1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and represented a therapeutic target by selective inhibitor verdinexor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:255. [PMID: 34384466 PMCID: PMC8359549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma patients have a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. It's an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets and the appropriate drugs. Exportin-1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1, plays important roles in the progression of tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic and therapeutic values of XPO1 in neuroblastoma have not been reported. METHODS Correlations between XPO1 expression level and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the Neuroblastoma Research Consortium (NRC) dataset and tissue microarray analysis. Cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis were performed to analyze the anti-tumor effects of verdinexor (KPT-335) in vitro. Western blot and mRNA sequencing were performed to explore underlying mechanism. In vivo anti-tumor effects of verdinexor were studied in a neuroblastoma xenograft model. RESULTS Higher XPO1 levels were associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. The specific inhibitor of XPO1 verdinexor suppressed the neuroblastoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, inhibition of XPO1 suppressed the neuroblastoma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 and RB1 in the neuroblastoma due to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest by activation of P53 function. CONCLUSIONS XPO1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and a novel target for antitumor treatment with selective inhibitor verdinexor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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21
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Lang YD, Jou YS. PSPC1 is a new contextual determinant of aberrant subcellular translocation of oncogenes in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:57. [PMID: 34340703 PMCID: PMC8327449 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is commonly observed in cancers and emerging as a cancer hallmark for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies. Despite its severe adverse effects, selinexor, a selective first-in-class inhibitor of the common nuclear export receptor XPO1, was developed to target nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling and received accelerated FDA approval in 2019 in combination with dexamethasone as a fifth-line therapeutic option for adults with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). To explore innovative targets in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, we propose that the aberrant contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, such as PSPC1 (Paraspeckle component 1), TGIF1 (TGF-β Induced Factor Homeobox 1), NPM1 (Nucleophosmin), Mortalin and EBP50, that modulate shuttling (or cargo) proteins with opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be theranostic targets for developing anticancer strategies. For instance, PSPC1 was recently shown to be the contextual determinant of the TGF-β prometastatic switch and PTK6/β-catenin reciprocal oncogenic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The innovative nucleocytoplasmic shuttling inhibitor PSPC1 C-terminal 131 polypeptide (PSPC1-CT131), which was developed to target both the shuttling determinant PSPC1 and the shuttling protein PTK6, maintained their tumor-suppressive characteristics and exhibited synergistic effects on tumor suppression in HCC cells and mouse models. In summary, targeting the contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling with cargo proteins having opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be an innovative strategy for developing new therapeutic biomarkers and agents to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Dong Lang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Inhibition of nuclear export restores nuclear localization and residual tumor suppressor function of truncated SMARCB1/INI1 protein in a molecular subset of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:361-374. [PMID: 34003336 PMCID: PMC8270878 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of nuclear SMARCB1 (INI1/hSNF5/BAF47) protein expression due to biallelic mutations of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene is a hallmark of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT), but the presence of cytoplasmic SMARCB1 protein in these tumors has not yet been described. In a series of 102 primary ATRT, distinct cytoplasmic SMARCB1 staining on immunohistochemistry was encountered in 19 cases (19%) and was highly over-represented in cases showing pathogenic sequence variants leading to truncation or mutation of the C-terminal part of SMARCB1 (15/19 vs. 4/83; Chi-square: 56.04, p = 1.0E−10) and, related to this, in tumors of the molecular subgroup ATRT-TYR (16/36 vs. 3/66; Chi-square: 24.47, p = 7.6E−7). Previous reports have indicated that while SMARCB1 lacks a bona fide nuclear localization signal, it harbors a masked nuclear export signal (NES) and that truncation of the C-terminal region results in unmasking of this NES leading to cytoplasmic localization. To determine if cytoplasmic localization found in ATRT is due to unmasking of NES, we generated GFP fusions of one of the SMARCB1 truncating mutations (p.Q318X) found in the tumors along with a p.L266A mutation, which was shown to disrupt the interaction of SMARCB1-NES with exportin-1. We found that while the GFP-SMARCB1(Q318X) mutant localized to the cytoplasm, the double mutant GFP-SMARCB1(Q318X;L266A) localized to the nucleus, confirming NES requirement for cytoplasmic localization. Furthermore, cytoplasmic SMARCB1(Q318X) was unable to cause senescence as determined by morphological observations and by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, while nuclear SMARCB1(Q318X;L266A) mutant regained this function. Selinexor, a selective exportin-1 inhibitor, was effective in inhibiting the nuclear export of SMARCB1(Q318X) and caused rapid cell death in rhabdoid tumor cells. In conclusion, inhibition of nuclear export restores nuclear localization and residual tumor suppressor function of truncated SMARCB1. Therapies aimed at preventing nuclear export of mutant SMARCB1 protein may represent a promising targeted therapy in ATRT harboring truncating C-terminal SMARCB1 mutations.
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23
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Maerevoet M, Zijlstra JM, Follows G, Casasnovas RO, Vermaat JSP, Kalakonda N, Goy A, Choquet S, Van Den Neste E, Hill B, Thieblemont C, Cavallo F, De la Cruz F, Kuruvilla J, Hamad N, Jaeger U, Caimi P, Gurion R, Warzocha K, Bakhshi S, Sancho JM, Schuster M, Egyed M, Offner F, Vassilakopoulos TP, Samal P, Ku M, Ma X, Corona K, Chamoun K, Shah J, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Canales M. Survival among patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with single-agent selinexor in the SADAL study. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:111. [PMID: 34271963 PMCID: PMC8283921 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with RR DLBCL who have received ≥ 2 lines of therapy have limited treatment options and an expected overall survival (OS) of < 6 months. The SADAL study evaluated single-agent oral selinexor in patients with RR DLBCL and demonstrated an overall response rate (ORR) of 29.1% with median duration of response (DOR) of 9.3 months. The analyses described here evaluated a number of subpopulations in order to understand how response correlates with survival outcomes in order to identify patients who could most optimally benefit from selinexor treatment. Median age was 67 years; 44.8% of patients were ≥ 70 years of age. The median OS was 9.0 months (95% CI 6.2, 13.7) at a median follow-up of 14.8 months. The median OS was not reached in patients with a CR or PR, while patients who did not respond have a median OS of 4.9 months (p < 0.0001). Patients < 70 years had an OS of 11.1 months compared with 7.8 months in patients ≥ 70 years. Among patients with or without prior ASCT, the median OS was 10.9 and 7.8 months, respectively. Among patients with disease refractory to the most recent DLBCL treatment regimen, the median OS was 7.0 months compared with 11.1 months for disease not refractory to the most recent treatment. In a patient population in which survival is expected to be < 6 months, treatment with single-agent oral selinexor was associated with a median survival of 9 months. Increased median OS observed in patients responding to selinexor was consistent across subgroups regardless of age, prior ASCT therapy, or refractory status. Randomized studies of selinexor in combination with a variety of other anti-DLBCL agents are planned. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02227251) on August 28, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02227251 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maerevoet
- Service Hématologie, Institut Jules Bordet, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Josee M Zijlstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Andre Goy
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Thieblemont
- APHP, Hemato-oncology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Nada Hamad
- St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | | | - Ronit Gurion
- Rabin MC, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Priyanka Samal
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Matthew Ku
- St.Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Xiwen Ma
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, USA
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24
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Holoubek A, Strachotová D, Otevřelová P, Röselová P, Heřman P, Brodská B. AML-Related NPM Mutations Drive p53 Delocalization into the Cytoplasm with Possible Impact on p53-Dependent Stress Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133266. [PMID: 34209894 PMCID: PMC8269334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nucleophosmin (NPM) is one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins and its mutations frequently occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutations cause aberrant cytoplasmic localization of mutated protein (NPMmut) and often mediate dislocation of NPM interaction partners. Tumor suppressor p53 is known to interact with NPM in response to genotoxic stress and its cytoplasmic localization is an unfavorable prognostic factor in cancers. This study aims to characterize the NPM-p53 interaction and to elucidate the effect of the NPM mutations on p53 localization and expression in live cells. In addition, the cellular dynamics of NPMmut and p53 after treatment with nuclear export inhibitor Selinexor is described and the mechanism of the Selinexor action proposed. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the oncogenic potential of NPM mutations. Abstract Nucleophosmin (NPM) interaction with tumor suppressor p53 is a part of a complex interaction network and considerably affects cellular stress response. The impact of NPM1 mutations on its interaction with p53 has not been investigated yet, although consequences of NPMmut-induced p53 export to the cytoplasm are important for understanding the oncogenic potential of these mutations. We investigated p53-NPM interaction in live HEK-293T cells by FLIM-FRET and in cell lysates by immunoprecipitation. eGFP lifetime-photoconversion was used to follow redistribution dynamics of NPMmut and p53 in Selinexor-treated cells. We confirmed the p53-NPMwt interaction in intact cells and newly documented that this interaction is not compromised by the NPM mutation causing displacement of p53 to the cytoplasm. Moreover, the interaction was not abolished for non-oligomerizing NPM variants with truncated oligomerization domain, suggesting that oligomerization is not essential for interaction of NPM forms with p53. Inhibition of the nuclear exporter XPO1 by Selinexor caused expected nuclear relocalization of both NPMmut and p53. However, significantly different return rates of these proteins indicate nontrivial mechanism of p53 and NPMmut cellular trafficking. The altered p53 regulation in cells expressing NPMmut offers improved understanding to help investigational strategies targeting these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Dita Strachotová
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavla Röselová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Petr Heřman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
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25
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Lei Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Qian Z, Zhou Q, Jia D, Sun Q. Novel Mechanistic Observations and NES-Binding Groove Features Revealed by the CRM1 Inhibitors Plumbagin and Oridonin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1478-1488. [PMID: 33890470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is an important nuclear export factor and drug target in diseases such as cancer and viral infections. Several plant-derived CRM1 inhibitors including plumbagin and oridonin possess potent antitumor activities. However, their modes of CRM1 inhibition remain unclear. Here, a multimutant CRM1 was engineered to enable crystallization of these two small molecules in its NES groove. Plumbagin and oridonin share the same three conjugation sites in CRM1. In solution, these two inhibitors targeted more CRM1 sites and inhibited its activity through promoting its aggregation, in addition to directly targeting the NES groove. While the plumbagin-bound NES groove resembles the NES-bound groove state, the oridonin complex reveals for the first time a more open NES groove. The observed greater NES groove dynamics may improve cargo loading through a "capture-and-tighten" mechanism. This work thus provides new insights on the mechanism of CRM1 inhibition by two natural products and a structural basis for further development of these or other CRM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Tan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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26
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Lei Y, An Q, Shen XF, Sui M, Li C, Jia D, Luo Y, Sun Q. Structure-Guided Design of the First Noncovalent Small-Molecule Inhibitor of CRM1. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6596-6607. [PMID: 33974430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear export factor chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is an attractive anticancer and antiviral drug target that spurred several research efforts to develop its inhibitor. Noncovalent CRM1 inhibitors are desirable, but none is reported to date. Here, we present the crystal structure of yeast CRM1 in complex with S109, a substructure of CBS9106 (under clinical test). Superimposition with the LFS-829 (another covalent CRM1 inhibitor) complex inspired the design of a noncovalent CRM1 inhibitor. Among nine synthesized compounds, noncovalent CRM1 inhibitor 1 (NCI-1) showed a high affinity to human and yeast CRM1 in the absence or presence of GST-bound Ras-related nuclear protein (RanGTP). Unlike covalent inhibitors, the crystal structure showed that NCI-1 is bound in the "open" nuclear export signal (NES) groove of CRM1, simultaneously occupying two hydrophobic pockets. NCI-1 additionally inhibited the nuclear export and proliferation of cells harboring the human CRM1-C528S mutant. Our work opens up the avenue of noncovalent CRM1 inhibitor development toward a more potent, less toxic, and broad-spectrum anticancer/antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Sui
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chungen Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
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Dutta P, Kodigepalli KM, LaHaye S, Thompson JW, Rains S, Nagel C, Thatcher K, Hinton RB, Lincoln J. KPT-330 Prevents Aortic Valve Calcification via a Novel C/EBPβ Signaling Pathway. Circ Res 2021; 128:1300-1316. [PMID: 33601919 PMCID: PMC8085092 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Punashi Dutta
- Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karthik M. Kodigepalli
- Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J. Will Thompson
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Rains
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Casey Nagel
- Ocean Ridge Biosciences, Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert B. Hinton
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Pharmacokinetics of Selinexor: The First-in-Class Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:957-969. [PMID: 33928519 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of many tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) and oncoprotein transcript RNAs largely depend on their location within the cell. The exportin 1 complex (XPO1) transports many of these molecules from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, thereby inactivating TSPs and activating oncoprotein transcript RNAs. Aberrations of these molecules or XPO1 can increase this translocation process, leading to oncogenesis. Selinexor is a selective inhibitor of nuclear export and is an active agent in various malignancies. It is currently approved for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as well as multiple myeloma. Following oral administration, selinexor exhibits linear and time-independent pharmacokinetics (PK) across a wide dose range, with moderately rapid absorption (time to reach maximum concentration [Tmax] 2-4 h) and moderate elimination (half-life [t½] 6-8 h). Selinexor PK observed among patients with various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies is consistent irrespective of disease. Population PK analyses demonstrated the PK of selinexor is well-described by a two-compartment model, with significant relationships for body weight on apparent clearance and apparent central volume of distribution, and sex on apparent clearance, which result in clinically non-relevant changes in exposure. These analyses also suggested selinexor PK are not significantly impacted by various concomitant medications and organ dysfunction (hepatic/renal). The time course of selinexor PK appears similar between pediatric and adult patients, although higher exposures have been observed among pediatric patients relative to adults administered similar milligrams per meter squared (mg/m2) doses of selinexor.
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Sui M, Xiong M, Li Y, Zhou Q, Shen X, Jia D, Gou M, Sun Q. Cancer Therapy with Nanoparticle-Medicated Intracellular Expression of Peptide CRM1-Inhibitor. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2833-2847. [PMID: 33883894 PMCID: PMC8054660 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s266398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptides can be rationally designed as non-covalent inhibitors for molecularly targeted therapy. However, it remains challenging to efficiently deliver the peptides into the targeted cells, which often severely affects their therapeutic efficiency. METHODS Herein, we created a novel non-covalent peptide inhibitor against nuclear export factor CRM1 by a structure-guided drug design method and targetedly delivered the peptide into cancer cells by a nanoparticle-mediated gene expression system for use as a cancer therapy. RESULTS The nuclear export signal (NES)-optimized CRM1 peptide inhibitor colocalized with CRM1 to the nuclear envelope and inhibited nuclear export in cancer cell lines in vitro. The crystal structures of the inhibitors complexed with CRM1 were solved. In contrast to the covalent inhibitors, the peptides were similarly effective against cells harboring the CRM1 C528S mutation. Moreover, a plasmid encoding the peptides was delivered by a iRGD-modified nanoparticle to efficiently target and transfect the cancer cells in vivo after intravenous administration. The peptides could be selectively expressed in the tumor, resulting in the efficient inhibition of subcutaneous melanoma xenografts without obvious systemic toxicity. DISCUSSION This work provides an effective strategy to design peptide-based molecularly targeted therapeutics, which could lead to the development of future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sui
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meimei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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New Insights into the Link between Melanoma and Thyroid Cancer: Role of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020367. [PMID: 33578751 PMCID: PMC7916461 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health concern, mainly because of the incompletely understood dynamics of molecular mechanisms for progression and resistance to treatments. The link between melanoma and thyroid cancer (TC) has been noted in numerous patients. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins is a common mechanism in melanoma and TC that promotes tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. However, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Papillary TC (PTC) patients have a 1.8-fold higher risk for developing cutaneous malignant melanoma than healthy patients. Our group and others showed that patients with melanoma have a 2.15 to 2.3-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with PTC. The BRAF V600E mutation has been reported as a biological marker for aggressiveness and a potential genetic link between malignant melanoma and TC. The main mechanistic factor in the connection between these two cancer types is the alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway activation and translocation. The mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking associated with RAS, RAF, and Wnt signaling pathways in melanoma and TC are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the roles of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, p27, forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), and NF-KB within the nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartments and their association with tumor aggressiveness. A meticulous English-language literature analysis was performed using the PubMed Central database. Search parameters included articles published up to 2021 with keyword search terms melanoma and thyroid cancer, BRAF mutation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport in cancer.
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32
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Ninkovic S, Quach H. Shaping the Treatment Paradigm Based on the Current Understanding of the Pathobiology of Multiple Myeloma: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3488. [PMID: 33238653 PMCID: PMC7700434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy which despite progressive improvements in overall survival over the last decade remains characterised by recurrent relapse with progressively shorter duration of response and treatment-free intervals with each subsequent treatment. Efforts to unravel the complex and heterogeneous genomic alterations, the marked dysregulation of the immune system and the multifarious interplay between malignant plasma cells and those of the tumour microenvironment have not only led to improved understanding of myelomagenesis and disease progression but have facilitated the rapid development of novel therapeutics including immunotherapies and small molecules bringing us a step closer to therapies that no doubt will extend survival. Novel therapeutic combinations both in the upfront and relapsed setting as well as novel methods to assess response and guide management are rapidly transforming the management of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Ninkovic
- Department of Haematology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Hang Quach
- Department of Haematology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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HP1γ Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin through the Suppression of UBE2L3. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175976. [PMID: 32825184 PMCID: PMC7503686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the most frequently used agent for chemotherapy against cervical cancer. However, recurrent use of cisplatin induces resistance, representing a major hurdle in the treatment of cervical cancer. Our previous study revealed that HP1γ suppresses UBE2L3, an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, thereby enhancing the stability of tumor suppressor p53 specifically in cervical cancer cells. As a follow-up study of our previous findings, here we have identified that the pharmacological substances, leptomycin B and doxorubicin, can improve the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin inducing HP1γ-mediated elevation of p53. Leptomycin B, which inhibits the nuclear export of HP1γ, increased cisplatin-dependent apoptosis induction by promoting the activation of p53 signaling. We also found that doxorubicin, which induces the DNA damage response, promotes HP1γ-mediated silencing of UBE2L3 and increases p53 stability. These effects resulted from the nuclear translocation and binding of HP1γ on the UBE2L3 promoter. Doxorubicin sensitized the cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells, enhancing their p53 levels and rate of apoptosis when administered together with cisplatin. Our findings reveal a therapeutic strategy to target a specific molecular pathway that contributes to p53 degradation for the treatment of patients with cervical cancer, particularly with cisplatin resistance.
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Lisiero DN, Cheng Z, Tejera MM, Neldner BT, Warrick JW, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Hoffmann A, Suresh M, Miyamoto S. IκBα Nuclear Export Enables 4-1BB-Induced cRel Activation and IL-2 Production to Promote CD8 T Cell Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1540-1553. [PMID: 32817348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimal CD8 T cell immunity is orchestrated by signaling events initiated by TCR recognition of peptide Ag in concert with signals from molecules such as CD28 and 4-1BB. The molecular mechanisms underlying the temporal and spatial signaling dynamics in CD8 T cells remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that stimulation of naive CD8 T cells with agonistic CD3 and CD28 Abs, mimicking TCR and costimulatory signals, coordinately induces 4-1BB and cRel to enable elevated cytosolic cRel:IκBα complex formation and subsequent 4-1BB-induced IκBα degradation, sustained cRel activation, heightened IL-2 production and T cell expansion. NfkbiaNES/NES CD8 T cells harboring a mutated IκBα nuclear export sequence abnormally accumulate inactive cRel:IκBα complexes in the nucleus following stimulation with agonistic anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs, rendering them resistant to 4-1BB induced signaling and a disrupted chain of events necessary for efficient T cell expansion. Consequently, CD8 T cells in NfkbiaNES/NES mice poorly expand during viral infection, and this can be overcome by exogenous IL-2 administration. Consistent with cell-based data, adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that the antiviral CD8 T cell defect in NfkbiaNES/NES mice was cell intrinsic. Thus, these results reveal that IκBα, via its unique nuclear export function, enables, rather than inhibits 4-1BB-induced cRel activation and IL-2 production to facilitate optimal CD8 T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N Lisiero
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
| | - Melba M Tejera
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brandon T Neldner
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jay W Warrick
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and
| | - Shelly M Wuerzberger-Davis
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705
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Targeting nuclear import and export in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2020; 34:2875-2886. [PMID: 32624581 PMCID: PMC7584478 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transport of proteins across the nuclear membrane is a highly regulated process, essential for the cell function. This transport is actively mediated by members of the karyopherin family, termed importins, or exportins, depending on the direction of transport. These proteins play an active part in tumorigenesis, through aberrant localization of their cargoes, which include oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and mediators of key signal transduction pathways. Overexpression of importins and exportins is reported in many malignancies, with implications in cell growth and viability, differentiation, drug resistance, and tumor microenvironment. Given their broad significance across tumors and pathways, much effort is being put to develop specific inhibitors as a novel anticancer therapeutics. Already, selinexor, a specific inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1), is approved for clinical use. This review will focus on the role of importins and exportins in hematological malignancies. We will discuss current preclinical and clinical data on importins and exportins, and demonstrate how our growing understanding of their functions has identified new therapeutic targets.
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36
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Richard S, Richter J, Jagannath S. Selinexor: a first-in-class SINE compound for treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1331-1350. [PMID: 32511022 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of multiple myeloma is accompanied by complex cytogenetic and epigenetic alterations that include mutation or functional inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins and overexpression of oncoproteins. Patients whose myeloma is refractory to the three major classes of drugs including immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies have a very poor prognosis. Drugs with novel mechanisms of action that can bypass resistance mechanisms are sorely needed for this group of patients. Selinexor represents a novel, oral agent with an innovative mechanism of action that offers a significant therapeutic advance in this group of heavily treated patients. Moreover, this novel mechanism may provide additional options for patients with less refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambavi Richard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute, New York 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute, New York 10029, USA
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Zhou H, Hu P, Yan X, Zhang Y, Shi W. Ibrutinib in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Clinical Applications, Drug Resistance, and Prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4877-4892. [PMID: 32581549 PMCID: PMC7266824 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a pivotal component of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, has been recognized as an important driver of the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ibrutinib is a highly active and selectively irreversible inhibitor of BTK, which has been approved to be effective in both frontline and recurrent therapy of CLL. Acquired resistance has become a greater problem than initially anticipated with the widespread use of ibrutinib. An ongoing exploration of the mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance (IR) in CLL has revealed potentially useful therapeutic targets. New drugs expected to overcome IR in CLL are in the early stages of clinical development. This study aimed to summarize the possible mechanisms of IR and retrospectively analyze promising therapies that might have superior efficacy in overcoming IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Green SD, Konig H. Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Genomics-Achievements and Persisting Challenges. Front Genet 2020; 11:480. [PMID: 32536937 PMCID: PMC7267060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a malignant disorder of the hematopoietic system that is mainly characterized by rapid proliferation, dysregulated apoptosis, and impaired differentiation of leukemic blasts. For several decades, the diagnostic approach in AML was largely based on histologic characteristics with little impact on the treatment decision-making process. This perspective has drastically changed within the past years due to the advent of novel molecular technologies, such as whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the resulting knowledge gain in AML biology and pathogenesis. After more than four decades of intensive chemotherapy as a "one-size-fits-all" concept, several targeted agents have recently been approved for the treatment of AML, either as single agents or as part of combined treatment regimens. Several other compounds, directed against regulators of apoptotic, epigenetic, or microenvironmental pathways, as well as modulators of the immune system, are currently in development and being investigated in clinical trials. The constant progress in AML research has started to produce improved survival rates and fueled hopes that a once rapidly fatal disease can be transformed into a chronic condition. In this review, the authors provide a summary of recent advances in the development of targeted AML therapies and discuss persistent challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiko Konig
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Lavau CP, Aumann WK, Sze SGK, Gupta V, Ripple K, Port SA, Kehlenbach RH, Wechsler DS. The SQSTM1-NUP214 fusion protein interacts with Crm1, activates Hoxa and Meis1 genes, and drives leukemogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232036. [PMID: 32343715 PMCID: PMC7188244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The NUP98 and NUP214 nucleoporins (NUPs) are recurrently fused to heterologous proteins in leukemia. The resulting chimeric oncoproteins retain the phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat motifs of the NUP moiety that mediate interaction with the nuclear export receptor Crm1. NUP fusion leukemias are characterized by HOXA gene upregulation; however, their molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of Crm1 in mediating the leukemogenic properties of NUP chimeric proteins, we took advantage of the Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-NUP214 fusion. SQSTM1-NUP214 retains only a short C-terminal portion of NUP214 which contains FG motifs that mediate interaction with Crm1. We introduced point mutations targeting these FG motifs and found that the ability of the resulting SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut protein to interact with Crm1 was reduced by more than 50% compared with SQSTM1-NUP214. Mutation of FG motifs affected transforming potential: while SQSTM1-NUP214 impaired myeloid maturation and conferred robust colony formation to transduced hematopoietic progenitors in a serial replating assay, the effect of SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut was considerably diminished. Moreover, SQSTM1-NUP214 caused myeloid leukemia in all transplanted mice, whereas none of the SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut reconstituted mice developed leukemia. These oncogenic effects coincided with the ability of SQSTM1-NUP214 and SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut to upregulate the expression of Hoxa and Meis1 genes in hematopoietic progenitors. Indeed, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that impaired SQSTM1-NUP214 interaction with Crm1 correlated with impaired binding of the fusion protein to Hoxa and Meis1 genes. These findings highlight the importance of Crm1 in mediating the leukemogenic properties of SQSTM1-NUP214, and suggest a conserved role of Crm1 in recruiting oncoproteins to their effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Lavau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Waitman K. Aumann
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sei-Gyung K. Sze
- Maine Children’s Cancer Program, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Veerain Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Ripple
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Port
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ralph H. Kehlenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and the Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Wechsler
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Azmi AS, Khan HY, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Neggers JE, Daelemans D, Mahipal A, Dyson G, Kamgar M, Al-Hallak MN, Tesfaye A, Kim S, Shidham V, M Mohammad R, Philip PA. Preclinical Assessment with Clinical Validation of Selinexor with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1338-1348. [PMID: 31831564 PMCID: PMC7073299 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease urgently requiring new treatments. Overexpression of the protein transporter exportin-1 (XPO1) leads to mislocalization of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSP) and their inactivation. Earlier, we showed that blocking XPO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (selinexor and analogs) restores the antitumor activity of multiple TSPs leading to suppression of PDAC in vitro and in orthotopic models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluate the synergy between SINE compounds and standard-of-care treatments in preclinical models and in a PDAC Phase Ib trial. RESULTS SINE compounds synergize with gemcitabine (GEM) and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel leading to suppression of PDAC cellular growth and cancer stem cell (CSC) spheroids disintegration. Label-free quantitative proteome profiling with nuclear and cytoplasmic enrichment showed superior enhancement in nuclear protein fraction in combination treatment. Selinexor inhibited the growth of PDAC CSC and two patient-derived (PDX) subcutaneous xenografts. Selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel blocked PDX and orthotopic tumor growth. In a phase 1b study (NCT02178436), 9 patients were exposed to selinexor (60 mg oral) with GEM (1,000 mg/m2 i.v.) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycle. Two patients showed partial response, and 2 had stable disease. An outstanding, durable objective response was observed in one of the responders with progression-free survival of 16 months and overall survival of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical and ongoing clinical study lends support to the use of selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel as an effective therapy for metastatic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jasper E Neggers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vinod Shidham
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
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Podar K, Shah J, Chari A, Richardson PG, Jagannath S. Selinexor for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:399-408. [PMID: 31957504 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1707184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite unprecedented advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), almost all patients develop a disease that is resistant to the five most commonly used and active anti-MM agents. The prognosis for this patient population is particularly poor resulting in an unmet need for additional therapeutic options. Exportin-1 (XPO-1) is a major nuclear export protein of macromolecular cargo frequently overexpressed in MM. Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral Selective-Inhibitor-of-Nuclear-Export (SINE) compound that impedes XPO-1. Based on results of the STORM-trial, selinexor in combination with dexamethasone was granted accelerated FDA approval for patients with penta-refractory MM in July 2019.Areas covered: This article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on the pathophysiologic role of XPO-1 in MM. Furthermore, it reviews the most recent clinical data on selinexor in combination with dexamethasone and other anti-MM agents; and discusses its safety profile, management strategies; and potential future developments.Expert opinion: Selinexor represents a next-generation-novel agent with an innovative mechanism of action that marks a significant advance in the treatment of heavily pretreated MM patients. Ongoing studies investigate its therapeutic potential also in earlier lines of therapy. Additional data is needed to confirm that selinexor and other SINE compounds are a valuable addition to our current therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Krems, Austria
| | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Kumar SU, Kumar DT, Siva R, Doss CGP, Zayed H. Integrative Bioinformatics Approaches to Map Potential Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Ovarian Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:391. [PMID: 31921802 PMCID: PMC6927934 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly detected cancer among women. This study aimed to map the hub and core genes and potential pathways that might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of OC. Methods: In the present work, we analyzed a microarray dataset (GSE126519) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used the GEO2R tool to screen OC cells and ovarian SINE-resistant cancer cells for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For the functional annotation of the DEGs, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses (KEGG) using the DAVID v6.8 online server and GenoGo Metacore™, Cortellis Solution software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database, and Cytoscape software was used for visualization. The survival analysis was performed using the online platform GEPIA2 to determine the prognostic value of the expression of hub genes in cell lines from OC patients. Results: We identified a total of 809 upregulated and 700 downregulated DEGs. GO analysis revealed that the genes with statistically significant differences in expression were mainly associated with biological processes involved in the cell cycle, the mitotic cell cycle, mitotic nuclear division, organ morphogenesis, cell development, and cell morphogenesis. By using the Analyze Networks (AN) algorithm in GeneGo, we identified the most relevant biological networks involving DEGs that were mainly enriched in the cell cycle (in metaphase checkpoints) and revealed the role of APC in cell cycle regulation pathways. We found 10 hub genes and four core genes (FZD6, FZD8, CDK2, and RBBP8) that are strongly linked to OC. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the molecular pathogenesis of OC and is expected to provide potential molecular biomarkers that are beneficial for the treatment and clinical molecular diagnosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Udhaya Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - R Siva
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Liu XL, Wang BB, Wang Y, Wang YX, Yang CH, Tan C, Zhang X, He QJ, Ding J, Meng LH. Unbiased screening reveals that blocking exportin 1 overcomes resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:49. [PMID: 31798976 PMCID: PMC6872586 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Liu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chun-hao Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Cun Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qiao-jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jian Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
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Depping R, von Fallois M, Landesman Y, Kosyna FK. The Nuclear Export Inhibitor Selinexor Inhibits Hypoxia Signaling Pathways And 3D Spheroid Growth Of Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8387-8399. [PMID: 31632086 PMCID: PMC6793465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. Exportin 1 (XPO1), the major nuclear export receptor, is involved in the cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen availability by controlling the nuclear activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Recently, a specific inhibitor of XPO1, selinexor (KPT-330), has been identified that inhibits nuclear export of cargo proteins by binding to the XPO1 cargo-binding pocket. Patients and methods We used different cancer cell lines from human tissues and evaluated the physiological activity of selinexor on the hypoxia response pathway in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures in quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR experiments and luciferase reporter gene assays. A three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid culture model of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was established to analyze the effect of selinexor on 3D tumor spheroid structure, formation and viability. Results Selinexor treatment reduces HIF-transcriptional activity and expression of the HIF-1 target gene solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1). Moreover, 3D tumor spheroid structure, formation and viability are inhibited in response to selinexor-induced nuclear export inhibition. Conclusion Here, we demonstrate the effect of specific XPO1-inhibition on the hypoxic response on the molecular level in 2D and 3D culture models of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Depping
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | - Moritz von Fallois
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany.,Clinic for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Katharina Kosyna
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Working Group Hypoxia, University of Lübeck, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Lin W, Zhang W, Zheng L, Li X. IPO5 promotes the proliferation and tumourigenicity of colorectal cancer cells by mediating RASAL2 nuclear transportation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:296. [PMID: 31288861 PMCID: PMC6617704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Karyopherin nuclear transport receptors play important roles in tumour development and drug resistance and have been reported as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumour treatment. However, IPO5, one of the karyopherin nuclear transport receptor family members, remains largely uncharacterized in tumour progression. Methods The TCGA data, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and IHC analyses were used to detect IPO5 expression in CRC tissues. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments was utilized to demonstrate the function of IPO5 in CRC tissues. Mass spectrometry (MS), CO-IP technology, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence were utilized to investigate the possible mechanisms of CRC. Results IPO5 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer tissues. Functional experiments indicated that IPO5 could promote the development of CRC. Mechanistically, we screened RASAL2, one cargo of IPO5, and further confirmed that IPO5 bound to the NLS sequence of RASAL2, mediating RASAL2 nuclear translocation and inducing RAS signal activation, thereby promoting the progression of CRC. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that IPO5 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells. By transporting RASAL2, IPO5 may play a crucial role in CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1290-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Deodato M, Frustaci AM, Zamprogna G, Cairoli R, Montillo M, Tedeschi A. Ibrutinib for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:273-284. [PMID: 30916599 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1597703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemoimmunotherapy has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, yet it is not curative, with very high relapse rates, and is associated with a significant risk of toxicities. Moreover, patients with higher-risk genetic abnormalities continue to experience poorer outcomes and lower survival. Recently, novel targeted therapies have been developed to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Areas covered: Ibrutinib is an oral irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a mediator of B-cell receptor signaling, which plays a vital role in various B-cell neoplasms. The drug has been approved for the treatment of several hematological malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, where large trials have shown outcomes never seen before even in high-risk patients. The safety profile appeared furthermore favorable, even in elderly and unfit patients. Expert opinion: Therapy with ibrutinib rarely provides MRD-negative complete remission; an indefinite maintenance is therefore needed, with the risk of developing adverse events (AE) or resistance resulting in treatment interruption or discontinuation. Novel, extremely promising, combination strategies, based on the association of ibrutinib with chemoimmunotherapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or other targeted agents, are currently being investigated, with the goal of achieving greater depth of remission, especially MRD-negativity, and removing the need for indefinite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Deodato
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frustaci
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
| | - Giulia Zamprogna
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Montillo
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- a Department of Hematology , Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milano , Italy
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Wang AY, Liu H. The past, present, and future of CRM1/XPO1 inhibitors. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30976603 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapies targeted at inhibiting nucleo-cytoplasmic transport have found broad applications in the field of oncology. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), better known as exportin 1 (XPO1), is the protein transporter responsible for the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of most of the tumor suppressor proteins (TSP) and growth regulatory factors. XPO1 is also upregulated in many malignancies and associated with a poor prognosis. Its inhibition has been a target of therapy, and hence, the selective inhibitors of nuclear transport (SINE) compounds were developed as a novel class of anti-cancer agents. The most well-known SINE agent is selinexor (KPT-330) and has been widely tested in phase I and II clinical trials in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. This review discusses how dysregulation of XPO1 promotes tumorigenesis, the historical considerations in the development of SINE compounds, and their role in current clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Cruz-Ramos E, Sandoval-Hernández A, Tecalco-Cruz AC. Differential expression and molecular interactions of chromosome region maintenance 1 and calreticulin exportins in breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:7-16. [PMID: 29981820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM-1) and calreticulin (CALR) are two proteins that act as exportins for some nuclear receptors, in addition to other critical functions for cellular homeostasis. In several cancer types, CRM-1 and CALR are upregulated suggesting an imbalance in their functions. However, the regulation of CRM-1 and CALR, and their biological implications, are not completely known. Here, we evaluated the interplay between the levels of CRM-1 and CALR, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status, in breast cancer cells. CRM-1 and CALR were upregulated in mammary tumors relative to normal mammary tissue. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of CRM-1 and CALR were higher in breast cancer cells lacking ERα, in comparison with those that express ERα. Additionally, both proteins were distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in the two cell types. Importantly, we identified novel interactions for these exportins. First, we showed an interaction between CRM-1 and CALR, and then we identified that SUN1 and SUN2, two proteins localized in the nuclear envelop, were able to interact specifically with CRM-1, but not CALR. Interestingly, SUN1 and SUN2 expression seemed to be decreased in breast cancer, thereby affecting the interactions of these proteins with CRM-1, and possibly its actions as an exportin. Thus, our data suggest that expression levels for CRM-1 and CALR, the interaction between these exportins, and specific interactions of SUN1 and SUN2 with CRM-1 but not CALR, may be central elements in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Furthermore, deregulation of these elements may have serious implications in the progression of breast and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Antonio Sandoval-Hernández
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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Luedtke DA, Su Y, Liu S, Edwards H, Wang Y, Lin H, Taub JW, Ge Y. Inhibition of XPO1 enhances cell death induced by ABT-199 in acute myeloid leukaemia via Mcl-1. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6099-6111. [PMID: 30596398 PMCID: PMC6237582 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins play critical roles in resistance to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The Bcl-2-selective inhibitor ABT-199 (Venetoclax) shows promising antileukaemic activity against AML, though Mcl-1 limits its antileukaemic activity. XPO1 is a nuclear exporter overexpressed in AML cells and its inhibition decreases Mcl-1 levels in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the XPO1-selective inhibitor KPT-330 (Selinexor) can synergize with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in AML cells through down-regulation of Mcl-1. The combination of KPT-330 and ABT-199 was found to synergistically induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples and cooperatively inhibit colony formation capacity of primary AML cells. KPT-330 treatment decreased Mcl-1 protein after apoptosis initiation. However, binding of Bim to Mcl-1 induced by ABT-199 was abrogated by KPT-330 at the same time as apoptosis initiation. KPT-330 treatment increased binding of Bcl-2 to Bim but was overcome by ABT-199 treatment, demonstrating that KPT-330 and ABT-199 reciprocally overcome apoptosis resistance. Mcl-1 knockdown and overexpression confirmed its critical role in the antileukaemic activity of the combination. In summary, KPT-330 treatment, alone and in combination with ABT-199, modulates Mcl-1, which plays an important role in the antileukaemic activity of the combination.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrazines/administration & dosage
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Luedtke
- Cancer Biology Graduate ProgramWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yongwei Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS VaccineSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS VaccineSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology and OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jeffrey W. Taub
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Cancer Biology Graduate ProgramWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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Nguyen T, Pappireddi N, Wühr M. Proteomics of nucleocytoplasmic partitioning. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 48:55-63. [PMID: 30472625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of the proteome between nucleus and cytoplasm affects nearly every aspect of eukaryotic biology. Despite this central role, we still have a poor understanding of which proteins localize in the nucleus and how this varies in different cell types and conditions. Recent advances in quantitative proteomics and high-throughput imaging are starting to close this knowledge gap. Studies on protein interaction are beginning to reveal the spectrum of cargos of nuclear import and export receptors. We anticipate that it will soon be possible to predict each protein's nucleocytoplasmic localization based on its importin/exportin interactions and its estimated diffusion rate through the nuclear pore. This insight is likely to provide us with a fundamental understanding of how cells use nucleocytoplasmic partitioning to encode and relay information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology & the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nishant Pappireddi
- Department of Molecular Biology & the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology & the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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