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Rizzo JF, Shah MP, Krasniqi D, Lu YR, Sinclair DA, Ksander BR. The Role of Epigenetics in Accelerated Aging: A Reconsideration of Later-Life Visual Loss After Early Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:16-21. [PMID: 37938114 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2005, we reported 3 patients with bilateral optic nerve damage early in life. These patients had stable vision for decades but then experienced significant bilateral vision loss with no obvious cause. Our hypothesis, novel at that time, was that the late decline of vision was due to age-related attrition of retinal ganglion cells superimposed on a reduced neuronal population due to the earlier injury. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The field of epigenetics provides a new paradigm with which to consider the normal aging process and the impact of neuronal injury, which has been shown to accelerate aging. Late-in-life decline in function after early neuronal injury occurs in multiple sclerosis due to dysregulated inflammation and postpolio syndrome. Recent studies by our group in mice have also demonstrated the possibility of partial reversal of cellular aging and the potential to mitigate anatomical damage after injury and even improve visual function. RESULTS The results in mice and nonhuman primates published elsewhere have shown enhanced neuronal survival and visual function after partial epigenetic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS Injury promotes epigenetic aging , and this finding can be observed in several clinically relevant scenarios. An understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms at play opens the opportunity to restore function in the nervous system and elsewhere with cellular rejuvenation therapies. Our earlier cases exemplify how reconsideration of previously established concepts can motivate inquiry of new paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Rizzo
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Neuro-Ophthalmology Service (JFR), Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Avedisian and Chobanian School of Medicine (MPS), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology (MPS, DK, BRK), Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biology (YRL), Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research (DAS), Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Healy D, Murray C, McAdams C, Power R, Hollier PL, Lambe J, Tortorelli L, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Cunningham C. Susceptibility to acute cognitive dysfunction in aged mice is underpinned by reduced white matter integrity and microgliosis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:105. [PMID: 38228820 PMCID: PMC10791665 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is a significant but heterogeneous risk factor for acute neuropsychiatric disturbances such as delirium. Neuroinflammation increases with aging but the determinants of underlying risk for acute dysfunction upon systemic inflammation are not clear. We hypothesised that, with advancing age, mice would become progressively more vulnerable to acute cognitive dysfunction and that neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity might predict heterogeneity in such vulnerability. Here we show region-dependent differential expression of microglial transcripts, but a ubiquitously observed primed signature: chronic Clec7a expression and exaggerated Il1b responses to systemic bacterial LPS. Cognitive frailty (vulnerability to acute disruption under acute stressors LPS and double stranded RNA; poly I:C) was increased in aged animals but showed heterogeneity and was significantly correlated with reduced myelin density, synaptic loss and severity of white matter microgliosis. The data indicate that white matter disruption and neuroinflammation may be key substrates of the progressive but heterogeneous risk for delirium in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáire Healy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Carol Murray
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ciara McAdams
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ruth Power
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Pierre-Louis Hollier
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jessica Lambe
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lucas Tortorelli
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez C, González-Mancha N, Ochoa-Echeverría A, Liébana R, Merida I. Partial loss of Sorting Nexin 27 resembles age- and Down syndrome-associated T cell dysfunctions. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38166948 PMCID: PMC10759489 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27)-retromer complex facilitates cargo recycling from endosomes to the plasma membrane. SNX27 downregulation in neurons, as the result of Trisomy 21 (T21), has been linked with cognitive deficits due to impairment of AMPA and NMDA receptor recycling. Studies in human T cell lines likewise demonstrated that SNX27 regulates the correct delivery of cargoes to the immune synapse limiting the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Nevertheless, the physiological consequences of partial SNX27 loss in T cell homeostasis are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we have explored the consequences of T cell specific partial SNX27 downregulation in mice. T cells with partial SNX27 deficiency show a marked deficit in the CD4+ T cell pool, a hallmark of aging in mice and humans, and a well-characterized comorbidity of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). When analyzed ex vivo, CD4+ T cells with partial SNX27 deletion demonstrate enhanced proliferation but diminished IL-2 production. In contrast, the CD8+ population show enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lytic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This mouse model supports the relevance of SNX27 in the organization of the immune synapse, previously described in cell lines, as well as in the control of T cell homeostasis. Individuals with DS experiment an acceleration of the aging process, which particularly affects the immune and central nervous systems. Thus, we hypothesize that reduced SNX27 expression in DS could contribute to the dysregulation of these systems and further research in SNX27 will shed light on the molecular factors underlying the phenotypes observed in people with DS and its contribution to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia González-Mancha
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ane Ochoa-Echeverría
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Liébana
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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De Marchi F, Munitic I, Vidatic L, Papić E, Rački V, Nimac J, Jurak I, Novotni G, Rogelj B, Vuletic V, Liscic RM, Cannon JR, Buratti E, Mazzini L, Hecimovic S. Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2793. [PMID: 37893165 PMCID: PMC10604382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential immune therapeutic targets are similarly affected in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as in a seemingly distinct Niemann-Pick type C disease with primarily juvenile onset. This strongly argues for an overlap in pathogenic mechanisms. The commonly researched immune targets include various immune cell subsets, such as microglia, peripheral macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs); the complement system; and other soluble factors. In this review, we compare these neurodegenerative diseases from a clinical point of view and highlight common pathways and mechanisms of protein aggregation, neurodegeneration, and/or neuroinflammation that could potentially lead to shared treatment strategies for overlapping immune dysfunctions in these diseases. These approaches include but are not limited to immunisation, complement cascade blockade, microbiome regulation, inhibition of signal transduction, Treg boosting, and stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Eliša Papić
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jerneja Nimac
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Gabriela Novotni
- Department of Cognitive Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 91701 Skoplje, North Macedonia;
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.N.); (B.R.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimira Vuletic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (E.P.); (V.R.); (V.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rajka M. Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Sachsenklinik GmbH, Muldentalweg 1, 04828 Bennewitz, Germany;
| | - Jason R. Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Belotserkovskaya E, Golotin V, Uyanik B, Demidov ON. Clonal haematopoiesis - a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:345. [PMID: 37726289 PMCID: PMC10509183 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of new sequencing techniques with wider accessibility and higher sensitivity of the protocol of deciphering genome particularities led to the discovery of a new phenomenon - clonal haematopoiesis. It is characterized by the presence in the bloodstream of elderly people a minor clonal population of cells with mutations in certain genes, but without any sign of disease related to the hematopoietic system. Here we will review this recent advancement in the field of clonal haematopoiesis and how it may affect the disease's development in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily Golotin
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretskii prospect, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Saint Petersburg bra-nch of "VNIRO" ("Gos-NOIRH" named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Burhan Uyanik
- INSERM UMR1231, Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC and label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Oleg N Demidov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretskii prospect, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
- INSERM UMR1231, Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC and label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, 21000, France.
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olimpiiskii pr-t, Sochi, 354340, Russian Federation.
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Makris KC, Heibati B, Narui SZ. Chrono-modulated effects of external stressors on oxidative stress and damage in humans: A scoping review on night shift work. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108048. [PMID: 37463540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and tissue damage (OSD) play a pivotal role as an early-stage process in chronic disease pathogenesis. However, there has been little research to better understand the temporal (χρόνος[chronos]) dimensions of OSD process associated with environmental (non-genetic, including behaviors/lifestyle) and/or occupational stressors, like night shift work. OSD processes have recently attracted attention in relation to time-resolved external stressor trajectories in personalized medicine (prevention) initiatives, as they seem to interact with circadian clock systems towards the improved delineation of the early stages of (chronic) disease process. OBJECTIVES This work critically reviewed human studies targeting the temporal dynamics of OSD and circadian clock system's activity in response to environmental/occupational stressors; the case of night shift work was examined. METHODS Being a key stressor influencing OSD processes and circadian rhythm, night shift work was evaluated as part of a scoping review of research in OSD, including inflammatory and metabolic processes to determine the extent of OSD research undertaken in human populations, methodologies, tools and biomarkers used and the extent that the temporal dimensions of exposure and biological effect(s) were accounted for. Online databases were searched for papers published from 2000 onwards, resulting in the selection of 53 original publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The majority of studies (n = 41) took place in occupational settings, while the rest were conducted in the general population or patient groups. Most occupational studies targeted outcomes of oxidative stress/damage (n = 19), followed by the combination of OSD with inflammatory response (n = 10), and studies focused on metabolic outcomes (n = 12). Only a minor fraction of the studies measured biomarkers related to circadian rhythm, such as, melatonin, its metabolite, or cortisol. Night shift work was associated with select biomarkers of OSD and inflammation, albeit with mixed results. Although much progress in delineating the biological mechanisms of OSD process has been made, an equally thorough investigation on the temporal trajectory of OSD processes as triggered by environmental/occupational stressors in human studies has yet to fully evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Behzad Heibati
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Research, Cancer Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Szymkowicz SM, Gerlach AR, Homiack D, Taylor WD. Biological factors influencing depression in later life: role of aging processes and treatment implications. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:160. [PMID: 37160884 PMCID: PMC10169845 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression occurring in older adults is common, recurrent, and malignant. It is characterized by affective symptoms, but also cognitive decline, medical comorbidity, and physical disability. This behavioral and cognitive presentation results from altered function of discrete functional brain networks and circuits. A wide range of factors across the lifespan contributes to fragility and vulnerability of those networks to dysfunction. In many cases, these factors occur earlier in life and contribute to adolescent or earlier adulthood depressive episodes, where the onset was related to adverse childhood events, maladaptive personality traits, reproductive events, or other factors. Other individuals exhibit a later-life onset characterized by medical comorbidity, pro-inflammatory processes, cerebrovascular disease, or developing neurodegenerative processes. These later-life processes may not only lead to vulnerability to the affective symptoms, but also contribute to the comorbid cognitive and physical symptoms. Importantly, repeated depressive episodes themselves may accelerate the aging process by shifting allostatic processes to dysfunctional states and increasing allostatic load through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory processes. Over time, this may accelerate the path of biological aging, leading to greater brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and the development of physical decline and frailty. It is unclear whether successful treatment of depression and avoidance of recurrent episodes would shift biological aging processes back towards a more normative trajectory. However, current antidepressant treatments exhibit good efficacy for older adults, including pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, and psychotherapy, with recent work in these areas providing new guidance on optimal treatment approaches. Moreover, there is a host of nonpharmacological treatment approaches being examined that take advantage of resiliency factors and decrease vulnerability to depression. Thus, while late-life depression is a recurrent yet highly heterogeneous disorder, better phenotypic characterization provides opportunities to better utilize a range of nonspecific and targeted interventions that can promote recovery, resilience, and maintenance of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Szymkowicz
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew R Gerlach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Damek Homiack
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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8
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Kheradmand F, Zhang Y, Corry DB. Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1059-1093. [PMID: 36201635 PMCID: PMC9886356 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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Gómez J, Mota-Martorell N, Jové M, Pamplona R, Barja G. Mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative stress and aging within and between species: Evidences and recent advances on this aging effector. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112134. [PMID: 36849000 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a wide diversity of roles in cell physiology and have a key functional implication in cell bioenergetics and biology of free radicals. As the main cellular source of oxygen radicals, mitochondria have been postulated as the mediators of the cellular decline associated with the biological aging. Recent evidences have shown that mitochondrial free radical production is a highly regulated mechanism contributing to the biological determination of longevity which is species-specific. This mitochondrial free radical generation rate induces a diversity of adaptive responses and derived molecular damage to cell components, highlighting mitochondrial DNA damage, with biological consequences that influence the rate of aging of a given animal species. In this review, we explore the idea that mitochondria play a fundamental role in the determination of animal longevity. Once the basic mechanisms are discerned, molecular approaches to counter aging may be designed and developed to prevent or reverse functional decline, and to modify longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Assessment of the Interferon-Lambda-3 Polymorphism in the Antibody Response to COVID-19 in Older Adults Seropositive for CMV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020480. [PMID: 36851357 PMCID: PMC9963200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we investigated the impact of IFN-lambda-3 polymorphism on specific IgG responses for COVID-19 in older adults seropositive for CMV. METHODS Blood samples of 25 older adults of both sexes were obtained at three different times: during a micro-outbreak (MO) of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020; eight months after (CURE); and 30 days after the administration of the second dose of ChadOx-1 vaccine (VAC). The specific IgG for both SARS-CoV-2 and CMV antigens, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and also the polymorphism profile for IFN-lambda-3 (rs12979860 C > T) were assessed. RESULTS Higher levels of specific IgG for SARS-CoV-2 antigens were found in the MO and VAC than in the CURE time-point. Volunteers with specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 showed better specific IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 and lower specific IgG levels for CMV than volunteers without specific neutralizing antibodies. Significant negative correlations between the specific IgG levels for SARS-CoV-2 and CMV were found at the MO time-point, as well as in the group of individuals homozygous for allele 1 (C/C) in the MO time-point and heterozygotes (C/T) in the CURE time-point. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that both CMV seropositivity and the homozygosis for allele 1 (C/C) in IFN-lambda-3 gene can negatively impact the antibody response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in older adults.
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11
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Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: An Emerging Hallmark? Cells 2023; 12:cells12040527. [PMID: 36831194 PMCID: PMC9954704 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and circulating in body fluids. Initially considered as a tool to dispose of unnecessary material, they are now considered an additional method to transmit cell signals. Aging is characterized by a progressive impairment of the physiological functions of tissues and organs. The causes of aging are complex and interconnected, but there is consensus that genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alteration, and defective proteostasis are primary hallmarks of the aging process. Recent studies have provided evidence that many of these primary stresses are associated with an increased release of EVs in cell models, able to spread senescence signals in the recipient cell. Additional investigations on the role of EVs during aging also demonstrated the great potential of EVs for the modulation of age-related phenotypes and for pro-rejuvenation therapies, potentially beneficial for many diseases associated with aging. Here we reviewed the current literature on EV secretion in senescent cell models and in old vs. young individual body fluids, as well as recent studies addressing the potential of EVs from different sources as an anti-aging tool. Although this is a recent field, the robust consensus on the altered EV release in aging suggests that altered EV secretion could be considered an emerging hallmark of aging.
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12
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Burchert A. [Clonal hematopoiesis: causes and clinical implications]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 56:65-72. [PMID: 36662242 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) refers to hematopoiesis from stem cells with mutations in leukemia-associated driver genes. These confer increased stress tolerance and expansive potential to stem cell clones. Patients with CHIP are hematologically healthy. The main risk factor for the development of CHIP is age or chronic inflammatory processes associated with aging, so-called "inflammaging". Therefore, the correlation of age-associated comorbidities with the detection of CHIP is not coincidental. CHIP is associated with, among other things, a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease and increased all-cause mortality. From a pathomechanistic perspective, CHIP leads to increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. It is also associated with a significantly increased risk of developing hematologic neoplasms. Thus, the treatment of CHIP could suppress the occurrence of hematologic neoplasms and prevent age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Burchert
- Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Campus Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Carreras Leukemia Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland.
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13
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Lorenzo EC, Kuchel GA, Kuo CL, Moffitt TE, Diniz BS. Major depression and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101805. [PMID: 36410621 PMCID: PMC9772222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by psychological and physiological manifestations contributing to the disease severity and outcome. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of age-related adverse outcomes across the lifespan. This review provided evidence of a significant overlap between the biological abnormalities in MDD and biological changes commonly observed during the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of biological aging). Based on such evidence, we formulate a mechanistic model showing how abnormalities in the hallmarks of biological aging can be a common denominator and mediate the elevated risk of age-related health outcomes commonly observed in MDD. Finally, we proposed a roadmap for novel studies to investigate the intersection between the biology of aging and MDD, including the use of geroscience-guided interventions, such as senolytics, to delay or improve major depression by targeting biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Lorenzo
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; PROMENTA Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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14
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Ligon MM, Joshi CS, Fashemi BE, Salazar AM, Mysorekar IU. Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity. Dev Biol 2023; 493:29-39. [PMID: 36368522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A global increase in older individuals creates an increasing demand to understand numerous healthcare challenges related to aging. This population is subject to changes in tissue physiology and the immune response network. Older individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, with one of the most common being urinary tract infections (UTIs). Postmenopausal and older women have the highest risk of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs); however, why rUTIs become more frequent after menopause and during old age is incompletely understood. This increased susceptibility and severity among older individuals may involve functional changes to the immune system with age. Aging also has substantial effects on the epithelium and the immune system that led to impaired protection against pathogens, yet heightened and prolonged inflammation. How the immune system and its responses to infection changes within the bladder mucosa during aging has largely remained poorly understood. In this review, we highlight our understanding of bladder innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of aging and hormones and hormone therapy on bladder epithelial homeostasis and immunity. In particular, we elaborate on how the cellular and molecular immune landscape within the bladder can be altered during aging as aged mice develop bladder tertiary lymphoid tissues (bTLT), which are absent in young mice leading to profound age-associated change to the immune landscape in bladders that might drive the significant increase in UTI susceptibility. Knowledge of host factors that prevent or promote infection can lead to targeted treatment and prevention regimens. This review also identifies unique host factors to consider in the older, female host for improving rUTI treatment and prevention by dissecting the age-associated alteration of the bladder mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne M Ligon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chetanchandra S Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bisiayo E Fashemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arnold M Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Hurvitz N, Elkhateeb N, Sigawi T, Rinsky-Halivni L, Ilan Y. Improving the effectiveness of anti-aging modalities by using the constrained disorder principle-based management algorithms. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1044038. [PMID: 36589143 PMCID: PMC9795077 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1044038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process with multifactorial nature underlined by genetic, environmental, and social factors. In the present paper, we review several mechanisms of aging and the pre-clinically and clinically studied anti-aging therapies. Variability characterizes biological processes from the genome to cellular organelles, biochemical processes, and whole organs' function. Aging is associated with alterations in the degrees of variability and complexity of systems. The constrained disorder principle defines living organisms based on their inherent disorder within arbitrary boundaries and defines aging as having a lower variability or moving outside the boundaries of variability. We focus on associations between variability and hallmarks of aging and discuss the roles of disorder and variability of systems in the pathogenesis of aging. The paper presents the concept of implementing the constrained disease principle-based second-generation artificial intelligence systems for improving anti-aging modalities. The platform uses constrained noise to enhance systems' efficiency and slow the aging process. Described is the potential use of second-generation artificial intelligence systems in patients with chronic disease and its implications for the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Hurvitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Narmine Elkhateeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Sigawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lilah Rinsky-Halivni
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Yaron Ilan,
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16
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The Relationship between Reactive Oxygen Species and the cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway in the Inflammaging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315182. [PMID: 36499506 PMCID: PMC9735967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chronic inflammation and oxidative damage of biomolecules, classically observed in the Inflammaging process. One of the most critical oxidative damages is generated to the host DNA. Damaged DNA is located out of the natural compartments, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, and is present in the cell's cytoplasm. This DNA localization activates some DNA sensors, such as the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, that induce transcriptional factors involved in increasing inflammatory molecules. Some of the targets of this signaling pathway are the SASPs. SASPs are secreted pro-inflammatory molecules characteristic of the senescent cells and inducers of ROS production. It has been suggested that oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA generates activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, increasing ROS levels induced by SASPs. These additional ROS increase oxidative DNA damage, causing a loop during the Inflammaging. However, the relationship between the cGAS/STING pathway and the increase in ROS during Inflammaging has not been clarified. This review attempt to describe the potential connection between the cGAS/STING pathway and ROS during the Inflammaging process, based on the current literature, as a contribution to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that occur and contribute to the development of the considered adaptative Inflammaging process during aging.
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17
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Burchert A. [Clonal hematopoiesis: causes and clinical implications]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 63:1051-1058. [PMID: 35969263 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) refers to hematopoiesis from stem cells with mutations in leukemia-associated driver genes. These confer increased stress tolerance and expansive potential to stem cell clones. Patients with CHIP are hematologically healthy. The main risk factor for the development of CHIP is age or chronic inflammatory processes associated with aging, so-called "inflammaging". Therefore, the correlation of age-associated comorbidities with the detection of CHIP is not coincidental. CHIP is associated with, among other things, a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease and increased all-cause mortality. From a pathomechanistic perspective, CHIP leads to increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. It is also associated with a significantly increased risk of developing hematologic neoplasms. Thus, the treatment of CHIP could suppress the occurrence of hematologic neoplasms and prevent age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Burchert
- Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Campus Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Carreras Leukemia Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland.
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18
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Perpiñá M, Gómez-Bastero A, Trisán A, Martínez-Moragón E, Álvarez-Gutiérrez FJ, Urrutia I, Blanco-Aparicio M. Expert consensus recommendations for the management of asthma in older adults. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:53.e1-53.e14. [PMID: 34226059 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a public health problem in patients of any age, although there is still a tendency to erroneously assume that it is almost always confined to children and young people. Epidemiological studies indicate that, from the sixth decade of life, the prevalence of this disease in countries such as Spain reaches 6-10%, with a higher prevalence among women aged 64 to 75 years. In addition, two-thirds of asthma deaths occur at this stage of life, resulting in a substantial number of hospital admissions, longer hospital stays and, from a finance point of view, significant direct economic costs. Asthma in older adults (65 years or older) is now a matter of great concern, the reality of which is underestimated and undertreated. It is therefore essential to establish appropriate recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in the aging population. This consensus, which brings together the latest evidence available, was conceived with this objective. The proposed recommendations/conclusions are the result of a nominal consensus developed throughout 2019 and validated by panellists in successive rounds of voting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Perpiñá
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | | | - Andrea Trisán
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - Isabel Urrutia
- Unidad de Asma y Enfermedades Ocupacionales-Medioambientales, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Bizkaia, España
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19
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Liu F, Ye S, Jiang P, Zhang W, Wang Z, Li C. The proteome profiling of EVs originating from senescent cell model using quantitative proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104669. [PMID: 35788408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is the inevitable biological processes and is also considered as the biggest risk factor for the development of age - related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndrome (GS). Senescence is also known as inflammaging because it is characterized by persistent, long-term, low-grade inflammation named senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the mechanism for the persistence of inflammaging remains largely unclear. To explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in senescence/inflammaging, we established the cellular senescence model and performed TMT-based comparative quantitative proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to reveal the changes of EVs between young cells and senescent cells. A total of 3966 proteins were quantifiable, of which 132 were up-regulated, 144 were down-regulated, compared with the young cells. Subsequently, we chose 19 proteins involved in inflammation or proliferation to carry out PRM validation analysis. The result indicated that proteins promoting NF-κB signal pathway were up-regulated, and proteins promoting cell proliferation were down-regulated. The study provided a comprehensive altered proteomics profiles of EVs from senescent cells, and the result showed that EVs could serve as information carrier for further research on the pathogenesis and progression of senescence/inflammaging. SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanism of inflammaging occurrence and development has yet been clear. Therefore, this study attempts to provide an improved understanding of inflammaging from the perspective of EVs. The proteomics analysis revealed that the most changed proteins were connected to inflammation signaling pathways, cell growth and cell death, and PRM analysis results showed that proteins involved in NF-κB signal pathway and cell proliferation were more changed. The research systematically analyzed the profiles of proteins in senescence cell model, and the result indicated that further research should focus on the relationship between EVs and senescence/inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Liu
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
| | - Shengliang Ye
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Zongkui Wang
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of blood transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
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20
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Vineis P, Barouki R. The exposome as the science of social-to-biological transitions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107312. [PMID: 35635963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of disease etiology and pathogenesis has radically changed as a consequence of the new challenges posed by climate change, environmental degradation and emerging infectious diseases. The awareness of the influence of distal causes (e.g. planetary changes at the roots of new pandemics), of the social environment and of early life exposures calls for innovative models of disease onset. Here we propose a scheme for the practice of epidemiology and toxicology that incorporates new recent advancements in both disciplines, under the general umbrella of the "exposome". The exposome approach to disease encompasses a lifecourse perspective from conception onwards, and the investigation of the role played by all exposures individuals undergo in their lives. These include social inequalities and psychosocial influences, in addition to chemical, biological and physical exposures. We stress the role played by social differences and inequalities in the course of life as an overarching factor that influences downstream layers (including behaviours). We show that the idea of "lifecourse exposome" is compatible with the current interpretation of Adverse Outcome Pathways in toxicology, and in fact we propose an extension of the concept towards "lifecourse Adverse Outcome Pathways". We propose to merge different research perspectives and promote an encounter between the sociological perspective of "biography" (using Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework) and biology, according to the idea of accumulated biological capital of individuals. We also propose to treat social capital (including inequalities) no longer as a confounding factor but as an overarching determinant, perhaps the most important of all because it is the one that influences all other exposures downstream. The importance of early exposures in a lifecourse perspective leads to policy implications, i.e. investing more in the various forms of capital (social, economic, cultural) in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Sergio G, Wei Y, Xu K, Xia S. Cold-inflammaging: when a state of homeostatic-imbalance associated with ageing, precedes the low-grade pro-inflammatory-state (inflammaging): meaning, evolution, inflammaging phenotypes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:925-934. [PMID: 35684970 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The age-related pro-inflammatory state, discovered and called 'inflammaging' by Franceschi C. et al. (2000) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases. A substantial body of data established that inflammaging is accompanied by a "2-fold-to-4-fold" increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in healthy elderly people, when compared to the healthy adult popultion. This review focuses on the pre-inflammaging phase herein we reported as "Cold-Inflammaging", a state where plasma levels of cytokines are slightly increased, but below the lower limit of "2-fold increase" established for inflammaging. Slightly altered cytokine levels by innate immunity are known to be associated with homeostasis imbalances, this functional pleiotropy of cytokines as signal transducers, have a physiological counterpart, representing an adaptive process aimed at restoring (or achieving a new) homeostatic stability. If a dys-homeostatic state persists, the cytokine response by innate immunity increases and becomes a driver of inflammaging. A scenario where cytokines are characterised as major players in homeostasis imbalances at the beginning (cold-inflammaging) and then in chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory-state (inflammaging). Other important drivers of inflammaging are cellular senescence with its Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), the altered gut microbiota and the age-related dysregulation in the production of endogenous "molecular waste" (Garb-aging). The main purpose of this review being to thoroughly investigate each step of the pathway from cold-inflammaging to overt-inflammaging, because ageing, cold-inflammaging, overt-inflammaging, and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases have been shown to share some establised basic pillars of Geroscience that largely converge on inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giunta Sergio
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili-GHC Garofalo Health Care, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kangqiao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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22
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Wu S, Zhou J, Zhang H, Barger SW. Serine Racemase Expression Differentiates Aging from Alzheimer's Brain. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:494-502. [PMID: 35929621 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220805105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process characterized by progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased susceptibility to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases; aging is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. AD is characterized by brain pathology, including extracellular deposition of amyloid aggregation and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In addition, losses of synapses and a wide range of neurons are pivotal pathologies in the AD brain. Accumulating evidence demonstrates hypoactivation of hippocampal neural networks in the aging brain, whereas AD-related mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI) begins with hyperactivation, followed by a diminution of hippocampal activity as AD develops. The biphasic trends of the activity of the hippocampal neural network are consistent with the alteration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) activity from aging to prodromal (AD-MCI) to mid-/late stage AD. D-serine, a product of racemization catalyzed by serine racemase (SR), is an important co-agonist of the NMDA-R which is involved in synaptic events including neurotransmission, synaptogenesis, long-term potentiation (LTP), development, and excitotoxicity. SR and D-serine are decreased in the hippocampus of the aging brain, correlating with impairment of cognitive function. By contrast, SR is increased in AD brain, which is associated with a greater degree of cognitive dysfunction. Emerging studies suggest that D-serine levels in the brain or in cerebral spinal fluid from AD patients are higher than in age-matched controls, but the results are inconsistent. Very recently, serum D-serine levels in AD were reported to correlate with sex and clinical dementia rating (CDR) stage. This review will discuss alterations of NMDA-R and SR in aging and AD brain, and the mechanisms underlying the differential regulation of SR will be probed. Collectively, we propose that SR may be a molecular switch that distinguishes the effects of aging from those of AD on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, P.R. China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Steven W Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock AR, USA
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23
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Kramer A, Splieth C. Health promotion through structured oral hygiene and good tooth alignment. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2022; 17:Doc08. [PMID: 35707231 PMCID: PMC9174873 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim Periodontal diseases and caries are two of the most common forms of chronic degenerative diseases, with consequences not only for the oral cavity manifesting as tooth loss, orofacial pain and xerostomia, but also with effects on the cardiovascular system and, in the elderly, on the pneumonia rate. This can be prevented or controlled by structured oral hygiene. Method Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, the possibilities for ensuring structured oral hygiene are analyzed. Results and conclusion Limiting the consumption of sugary meals and beverages, regular removal of food debris - supplemented by sugar-free chewing gum if desired - and preventing plaque formation by brushing with fluoridated toothpastes, using dental floss and interdental brushes after meals, serve to prevent or control gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. In the long term, the development of periodontitis-associated cardiovascular diseases and, in the elderly, the risk of pneumonia can probably be reduced. Antiseptic rinsing of the oral cavity is an important supplement to prevent periodontitis, especially in cases of limited ability to perform mechanical biofilm removal, but also for the prevention of respiratory infections. Proper functional tooth alignment is important for optimal mechanical cleaning to prevent plaque accumulation. If correction of misaligned teeth is possible with the use of removable aligners instead of fixed orthodontic appliances, these are to be preferred because of the better accessibility for mechanical hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald,Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Axel Kramer, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49 a, 17489 Greifswald, Deutschland, Phone: +49 3834 515542, E-mail:
| | - Christian Splieth
- Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Zhao TV, Sato Y, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T-Cell Aging-Associated Phenotypes in Autoimmune Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:867950. [PMID: 35821833 PMCID: PMC9261367 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.867950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aging process causes profound restructuring of the host immune system, typically associated with declining host protection against cancer and infection. In the case of T cells, aging leads to the accumulation of a diverse set of T-cell aging-associated phenotypes (TASP), some of which have been implicated in driving tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases. T cell aging as a risk determinant for autoimmunity is exemplified in two classical autoimmune conditions: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease predominantly affecting postmenopausal women, and giant cell arteritis (GCA), an inflammatory vasculopathy exclusively occurring during the 6th-9th decade of life. Pathogenic T cells in RA emerge as a consequence of premature immune aging. They have shortening and fragility of telomeric DNA ends and instability of mitochondrial DNA. As a result, they produce a distinct profile of metabolites, disproportionally expand their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and release excess amounts of pro-inflammatory effector cytokines. Characteristically, they are tissue invasive, activate the inflammasome and die a pyroptotic death. Patients with GCA expand pathogenic CD4+ T cells due to aberrant expression of the co-stimulatory receptor NOTCH1 and the failure of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. In addition, GCA patients lose anti-inflammatory Treg cells, promoting tissue-destructive granulomatous vasculitis. In summary, emerging data identify T cell aging as a risk factor for autoimmune disease and directly link TASPs to the breakdown of T cell tolerance and T-cell-induced tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuantuan V. Zhao
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yuki Sato
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jorg J. Goronzy
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Cornelia M. Weyand,
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Salivary Proteome, Inflammatory, and NETosis Biomarkers in Older Adult Practitioners and Nonpractitioners of Physical Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3725056. [PMID: 35502212 PMCID: PMC9056209 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3725056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since aging has been associated with increased production of inflammatory biomarkers, the ability to monitor older adults repeatedly is highly desirable, and saliva is an interesting biofluid for the search of biomarkers, as it is easily accessible in a noninvasive manner. However, given the incipient knowledge of salivary biomarkers in aging and its relationship to physical exercise, the present study is aimed at evaluating the protein expression and the levels of inflammatory and NETosis biomarkers in the saliva of practitioners (PE) and nonpractitioners (NPE) of physical exercise older adults. Six (6) practitioner and 4 nonpractitioner older adults were enrolled in this study. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for analysis of the proteome by label-free mass spectrometry, as well as of the inflammatory status by evaluation of C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-8), while NETosis was assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase. Regarding oral health, the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF-T) index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, and probing depth measurement (mm) were evaluated. In addition, functional capacity was investigated using the General Physical Fitness Index (GPFI). In relation to the proteome analysis, 93 and 143 proteins were found exclusively in the PE and NPE groups, respectively; 224 proteins were common to both groups. Among these proteins, 10 proteins showed statistical difference (
) between the groups: alpha-2-macroglobulin, component 3 of the complement, serotransferrin, and protein soluble in brain acid 1 were less expressed, while lactotransferrin, alpha-amylase 1, S100-A8, S100-A9, lactoperoxidase, and galectin-3 binding protein were more expressed in the PE group. No differences between groups were observed in the analysis of inflammatory and NETosis biomarkers. This study shows the potential utility of saliva for detecting protein biomarkers in a noninvasive biological sample of the elderly population.
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Kokkeler KJE, Marijnissen RM, Wardenaar KJ, Rhebergen D, van den Brink RHS, van der Mast RC, Oude Voshaar RC. Subtyping late-life depression according to inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation: a prospective study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:515-525. [PMID: 32618234 PMCID: PMC8883765 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are age-related physiological changes and are associated with depressive disorder. We tried to identify subgroups of depressed older patients based on their metabolic-inflammatory profile and examined the course of depression for these subgroups. METHODS This clinical cohort study was conducted in a sample of 364 depressed older (⩾60 years) patients according to DSM-IV criteria. Severity of depressive symptoms was monitored every 6 months and a formal diagnostic interview repeated at 2-year follow-up. Latent class analyses based on baseline metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were performed. Adjusted for confounders, we compared remission of depression at 2-year follow-up between the metabolic-inflammatory subgroups with logistic regression and the course of depression severity over 2-years by linear mixed models. RESULTS We identified a 'healthy' subgroup (n = 181, 49.7%) and five subgroups characterized by different profiles of metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation. Compared to the healthy subgroup, patients in the subgroup with mild 'metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation' (n = 137, 37.6%) had higher depressive symptom scores, a lower rate of improvement in the first year, and were less likely to be remitted after 2-years [OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.91)]. The four smaller subgroups characterized by a more specific immune-inflammatory dysregulation profile did not differ from the two main subgroups regarding the course of depression. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the patients with late-life depressions suffer from metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation, which is also associated with more severe depression and a worse prognosis. Future studies should examine whether these depressed older patients benefit from a metabolic-inflammatory targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. E. Kokkeler
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, ProPersona, Arnhem, Wolfheze, The Netherlands
- University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. M. Marijnissen
- University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K. J. Wardenaar
- University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Rhebergen
- Department Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. H. S. van den Brink
- University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. C. van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, CAPRI-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R. C. Oude Voshaar
- University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Brahadeeswaran S, Sivagurunathan N, Calivarathan L. Inflammasome Signaling in the Aging Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2288-2304. [PMID: 35066762 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes, members of the innate immune system, and their activation and regulation play an essential role in maintaining homeostatic conditions against exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Inflammasomes occur as cytosolic proteins and assemble into a complex during the recognition of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors in host cells. The formation of the inflammasome complex elicits signaling molecules of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin 18 via activation of caspase-1 in the canonical inflammasome pathway whereas caspase-11 in the case of a mouse and caspase-4 and caspase-5 in the case of humans in the non-canonical inflammasome pathway, resulting in pyroptotic or inflammatory cell death which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasome activation, particularly in microglial cells and macrophages, has been linked to aging as well as age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulation of abnormal/ misfolded proteins acts as a ligand for inflammasome activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent studies have revealed the inflammasomes' functionality in both in vitro and in vivo models, many inflammasome signaling cascade activations during biological aging, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration are still ambiguous. In this review, we comprehensively unveil the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation during neuronal aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India.
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McFarland KN, Chakrabarty P. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:186-208. [PMID: 35286658 PMCID: PMC9130399 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint that immune activation triggers the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease, there is accumulating evidence now that microglial activation is neither pro-amyloidogenic nor just a simple reactive process to the proteinopathy. Preclinical studies highlight an interesting aspect of immunity, i.e., spurring immune system activity may be beneficial under certain circumstances. Indeed, a dynamic evolving relationship between different activation states of the immune system and its neuronal neighbors is thought to regulate overall brain organ health in both healthy aging and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. A new premise evolving from genome, transcriptome, and proteome data is that there might be at least two major phases of immune activation that accompany the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease. Though activation on a chronic scale will certainly lead to neurodegeneration, this emerging knowledge of a potential beneficial aspect of immune activation allows us to form holistic insights into when, where, and how much immune system activity would need to be tuned to impact the Alzheimer's neurodegenerative cascade. Even with the trove of recently emerging -omics data from patients and preclinical models, how microglial phenotypes are functionally related to the transition of a healthy aging brain towards progressive degenerative state remains unknown. A deeper understanding of the synergism between microglial functional states and brain organ health could help us discover newer interventions and therapies that enable us to address the current paucity of disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Muñoz Fernandez SS, Garcez FB, Alencar JCGD, Cederholm T, Aprahamian I, Morley JE, de Souza HP, Avelino da Silva TJ, Ribeiro SML. Applicability of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in older adults in the emergency ward: A pilot validation study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5447-5456. [PMID: 34653825 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acutely ill older adults are at higher risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to explore the applicability and accuracy of the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in acutely ill older adults in the emergency ward (EW). METHODS We performed a retrospective secondary analysis, of an ongoing cohort study, in 165 participants over 65 years of age admitted to the EW of a Brazilian university hospital. Nutrition assessment included anthropometry, the Simplified Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). We diagnosed malnutrition using GLIM criteria, defined by the parallel presence of at least one phenotypic [nonvolitional weight loss (WL), low BMI, low muscle mass (MM)] and one etiologic criterion [reduced food intake or assimilation (RFI), disease burden/inflammation]. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox and logistic regression for data analyses. RESULTS GLIM criteria, following the MNA-SF screening, classified 50.3% of participants as malnourished, 29.1% of them in a severe stage. Validation of the diagnosis using MNA-FF as a reference showed good accuracy (AUC = 0.84), and moderate sensitivity (76%) and specificity (75.1%). All phenotypic criteria combined with RFI showed the best metrics. Malnutrition showed a trend for an increased risk of transference to intensive care unit (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 0.99, 4.35), and severe malnutrition for in-hospital mortality (HR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.2, 14.9). CONCLUSION GLIM criteria, following MNA-SF screening, appear to be a feasible approach to diagnose malnutrition in acutely ill older adults in the EW. Nonvolitional WL combined with RFI or acute inflammation were the best components identified and are easily accessible, allowing their potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Barreto Garcez
- Geriatrics Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio César García de Alencar
- Disciplina de Emergencias Clínicas, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Geriatrics Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Edward Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heraldo Possolo de Souza
- Disciplina de Emergencias Clínicas, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Arts, Science, and Humanity, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Impact of Age on Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers in the 6 Months Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 35:324-331. [PMID: 32881766 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations to 6 months in young and older adults with and without mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING Level 1 trauma center. PARTICIPANTS Younger (21-54 years) and older (55+) adults diagnosed with mild TBI along with age-/sex-matched noninjured controls (n = 313). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURES Multiplex assays were used to quantify concentrations of selected plasma inflammatory markers at day 0, months 1 and 6. RESULTS Persistent aging-related differences were found between control groups in concentrations of 4 cytokines up to 6 months. At day 0, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and fractalkine were higher in the older TBI compared with older control as well as the younger TBI groups, while IL-10 was higher in older TBI compared with controls. At month 1, significantly higher concentrations of IL-8, fractalkine, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were seen. At 6 months postinjury, significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were seen, while a lower concentration of IL-7 was found in older versus younger TBI groups. CONCLUSION The neuroinflammatory signature that accompanies mild TBI in older adults differs from that of younger adults. The differences seen are notable for their roles in neutrophil attraction (IL-8), neuronal-microglial-immune cell interactions (fractalkine), and chronic inflammation (IL-6).
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31
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Olivieri F, Prattichizzo F, Giuliani A, Matacchione G, Rippo MR, Sabbatinelli J, Bonafè M. miR-21 and miR-146a: The microRNAs of inflammaging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101374. [PMID: 34082077 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first paper on "inflammaging" published in 2001 paved the way for a unifying theory on how and why aging turns out to be the main risk factor for the development of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). The most exciting challenge on this topic was explaining how systemic inflammation steeps up with age and why it shows different rates among individuals of the same chronological age. The "epigenetic revolution" in the past twenty years conveyed that the assessment of the individual genetic make-up is not enough to depict the trajectories of age-related inflammation. Accordingly, others and we have been focusing on the role of non-coding RNA, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs), in inflammaging. The results obtained in the latest 10 years underpinned the key role of a miRNA subset that we have called inflammamiRs, owing to their ability to master (NF-κB)-driven inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will focus on two inflammamiRs, i.e. miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p, which target a variety of molecules belonging to the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways. The interplay between miR-146a-5p and IL-6 in the context of aging and ARDs will also be highlighted. We will also provide the most relevant evidence suggesting that circulating inflammamiRs, along with IL-6, can measure the degree of inflammaging.
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Santos-Moreno P, Burgos-Angulo G, Martinez-Ceballos MA, Pizano A, Echeverri D, Bautista-Niño PK, Roks AJM, Rojas-Villarraga A. Inflammaging as a link between autoimmunity and cardiovascular disease: the case of rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001470. [PMID: 33468563 PMCID: PMC7817822 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been established. The first group includes age, which constitutes one of the most important factors in the development of chronic diseases. The second group includes inflammation, the pathophysiology of which contributes to an accelerated process of vascular remodelling and atherogenesis in autoimmune diseases. Indeed, the term inflammaging has been used to refer to the inflammatory origin of ageing, explicitly due to the chronic inflammatory process associated with age (in healthy individuals). Taking this into account, it can be inferred that people with autoimmune diseases are likely to have an early acceleration of vascular ageing (vascular stiffness) as evidenced in the alteration of non-invasive cardiovascular tests such as pulse wave velocity. Thus, an association is created between autoimmunity and high morbidity and mortality rates caused by cardiovascular disease in this population group. The beneficial impact of the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis at the cardiovascular level has been reported, opening new opportunities for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Burgos-Angulo
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | | | - Alejandro Pizano
- Vascular Function Research Laboratory and Department of Interventional Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Dario Echeverri
- Vascular Function Research Laboratory and Department of Interventional Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Paula K Bautista-Niño
- Research Center, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Rojas-Villarraga
- Research Division, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Abstract
Inflammaging is associated with chronic diseases, but tissue-specific changes in the immune system remain unknown. In this issue of Immunity, Mogilenko et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and mass cytometry to describe age-related differences, including the accumulation of age-associated T cells that contribute to inflammaging.
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Li M, Zhong D, Li G. Regulatory role of local tissue signal Del-1 in cancer and inflammation: a review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:31. [PMID: 34217213 PMCID: PMC8254313 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is a secretory, multifunctional domain protein. It can bind to integrins and phosphatidylserine. As a local tissue signal, it plays a regulatory role in the cancer microenvironment and inflammation. Del-1 has destructive effects in most cancers and is associated with the progression and invasion of some cancers. In contrast, Del-1 also plays a protective role in inflammation. Del-1 regulates inflammation by regulating the generation of neutrophils in bone marrow, inhibiting the recruitment and migration of neutrophils and accelerating the clearance of neutrophils by macrophages. Del-1 and IL-17 are reciprocally regulated, and their balance maintains immune system homeostasis. Del-1 is expected to become a new therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Road, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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Chu S, McCormick TS, Lazarus HM, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. Invasive fungal disease and the immunocompromised host including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Improved understanding and new strategic approach with sargramostim. Clin Immunol 2021; 228:108731. [PMID: 33892201 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In hosts with damaged or impaired immune systems such as those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or intensive chemotherapy, breakthrough fungal infections can be fatal. Risk factors for breakthrough infections include severe neutropenia, use of corticosteroids, extended use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and intensive care unit admission. An individual's cumulative state of immunosuppression directly contributes to the likelihood of experiencing increased infection risk. Incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) after HCT may be up to 5-8%. Early intervention may improve IFI outcomes, although many infections are resistant to standard therapies (voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, amphotericin B, posaconazole or itraconazole, as single agents or in combination). We review herein several contributing factors that may contribute to the net state of immunosuppression in recipients of HCT. We also review a new approach for IFI utilizing adjunctive therapy with sargramostim, a yeast-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherman Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Northwest (COMP), Lebanon, OR, USA.
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Luis O Leal
- Partner Therapeutics, Inc., 19 Muzzey St, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Medical Mycology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Xiao Q, Qian J, Evans DS, Redline S, Lane NE, Ancoli-Israel S, Scheer FAJL, Stone K. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms with Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:55-65. [PMID: 33822930 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest-activity rhythm characteristics using multi-day actigraphy, and examined their associations with six inflammatory markers (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-α-sRII, IL-1 β, IFN-γ) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest-activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest-activity rhythms and changes in in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow up. We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these three rest-activity characteristics was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (i.e. having three or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest-activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest-activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Brea R, Valdecantos P, Rada P, Alen R, García-Monzón C, Boscá L, Fuertes-Agudo M, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Valverde ÁM. Chronic treatment with acetaminophen protects against liver aging by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7800-7827. [PMID: 33780353 PMCID: PMC8034963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver exhibits a variety of functions that are well-preserved during aging. However, the cellular hallmarks of aging increase the risk of hepatic alterations and development of chronic liver diseases. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a first choice for relieving mild-to-moderate pain. Most of the knowledge about APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity arises from acute overdose studies due to massive oxidative stress and inflammation, but little is known about its effect in age-related liver inflammation after chronic exposure. Our results show that chronic treatment of wild-type mice on the B6D2JRcc/Hsd genetic background with APAP at an infratherapeutic dose reduces liver alterations during aging without affecting body weight. This intervention attenuates age-induced mild oxidative stress by increasing HO-1, MnSOD and NQO1 protein levels and reducing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. More importantly, APAP treatment counteracts the increase in Cd8+ and the reduction in Cd4+ T lymphocytes observed in the liver with age. This response was also found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, chronic infratherapeutic APAP treatment protects mice from age-related liver alterations by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Alen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Wang Q, Nie L, Zhao P, Zhou X, Ding Y, Chen Q, Wang Q. Diabetes fuels periodontal lesions via GLUT1-driven macrophage inflammaging. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:11. [PMID: 33762572 PMCID: PMC7990943 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia induces chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), which is a newly identified contributor to diabetes-related tissue lesions, including the inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. It is also a secondary senescent pattern mediated by an increased burden of senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Macrophage is a key SASP-spreading cell and may contribute to the maintenance of SASP response in the periodontal microenvironment. Using a transgenic diabetic model (BLKS/J-Leprdb/leprdb mice) we identified striking senescence of the periodontium in young (18-wk)-diabetic mice accompanied by amassed p16+-macrophages and enhanced early SASP response. Exposed to high glucose in vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) revealed a strong GLUT1 mRNA response driving the elevated-glucose uptake. GLUT1 is a representative and facilitative glucose transporter in macrophages with potential roles in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation. In this study, both GLUT1 and the downstream GTPase Rheb expression upregulated in the gingiva of diabetic mice with impaired condition. Furthermore, SASP release and p16/p21 signaling were proven to be triggered by mTOR phosphorylation in BMDM and antagonized by restricting glucose uptake in GLUT1-/- BMDM. Taken together, our findings suggest that elevated-GLUT1 sensor responded to high glucose is important for macrophage senescence and SASP response, generated as a result of hyperglycemia, and it is a potential molecular mechanism for the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ding
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Thymic Aging May Be Associated with COVID-19 Pathophysiology in the Elderly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030628. [PMID: 33808998 PMCID: PMC8001029 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and particularly exhibits severe symptoms and mortality in elderly individuals. Mounting evidence shows that the characteristics of the age-related clinical severity of COVID-19 are attributed to insufficient antiviral immune function and excessive self-damaging immune reaction, involving T cell immunity and associated with pre-existing basal inflammation in the elderly. Age-related changes to T cell immunosenescence is characterized by not only restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, accumulation of exhausted and/or senescent memory T cells, but also by increased self-reactive T cell- and innate immune cell-induced chronic inflammation, and accumulated and functionally enhanced polyclonal regulatory T (Treg) cells. Many of these changes can be traced back to age-related thymic involution/degeneration. How these changes contribute to differences in COVID-19 disease severity between young and aged patients is an urgent area of investigation. Therefore, we attempt to connect various clues in this field by reviewing and discussing recent research on the role of the thymus and T cells in COVID-19 immunity during aging (a synergistic effect of diminished responses to pathogens and enhanced responses to self) impacting age-related clinical severity of COVID-19. We also address potential combinational strategies to rejuvenate multiple aging-impacted immune system checkpoints by revival of aged thymic function, boosting peripheral T cell responses, and alleviating chronic, basal inflammation to improve the efficiency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccination in the elderly.
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40
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Pirazzini C, Azevedo T, Baldelli L, Bartoletti-Stella A, Calandra-Buonaura G, Dal Molin A, Dimitri GM, Doykov I, Gómez-Garre P, Hägg S, Hällqvist J, Halsband C, Heywood W, Jesús S, Jylhävä J, Kwiatkowska KM, Labrador-Espinosa MA, Licari C, Maturo MG, Mengozzi G, Meoni G, Milazzo M, Periñán-Tocino MT, Ravaioli F, Sala C, Sambati L, Schade S, Schreglmann S, Spasov S, Tenori L, Williams D, Xumerle L, Zago E, Bhatia KP, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Garagnani P, Houlden H, Liò P, Luchinat C, Delledonne M, Mills K, Mir P, Mollenhauer B, Nardini C, Pedersen NL, Provini F, Strom S, Trenkwalder C, Turano P, Bacalini MG, Franceschi C. A geroscience approach for Parkinson's disease: Conceptual framework and design of PROPAG-AGEING project. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 194:111426. [PMID: 33385396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is the major risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), but to date the biological relationship between PD and ageing remains elusive. Here we describe the rationale and the design of the H2020 funded project "PROPAG-AGEING", whose aim is to characterize the contribution of the ageing process to PD development. We summarize current evidences that support the existence of a continuum between ageing and PD and justify the use of a Geroscience approach to study PD. We focus in particular on the role of inflammaging, the chronic, low-grade inflammation characteristic of elderly physiology, which can propagate and transmit both locally and systemically. We then describe PROPAG-AGEING design, which is based on the multi-omic characterization of peripheral samples from clinically characterized drug-naïve and advanced PD, PD discordant twins, healthy controls and "super-controls", i.e. centenarians, who never showed clinical signs of motor disability, and their offspring. Omic results are then validated in a large number of samples, including in vitro models of dopaminergic neurons and healthy siblings of PD patients, who are at higher risk of developing PD, with the final aim of identifying the molecular perturbations that can deviate the trajectories of healthy ageing towards PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiago Azevedo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Baldelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Maria Dimitri
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red sobreEnfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hällqvist
- Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Halsband
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Gerontopsychiatry, Rhein-Mosel-Fachklinik, Andernach, Germany
| | - Wendy Heywood
- Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Jesús
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red sobreEnfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Miguel A Labrador-Espinosa
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red sobreEnfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Cristina Licari
- CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Maturo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mengozzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Milazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Periñán-Tocino
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red sobreEnfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Sambati
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastian Schade
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schreglmann
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Spasov
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Florence, Italy
| | - Dylan Williams
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Liò
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Kevin Mills
- Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Mir
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red sobreEnfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christine Nardini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Provini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephen Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paola Turano
- CERM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Fulop T, Tripathi S, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Bunt T, Eiser A, Bernier F, Beauregard PB, Barron AE, Khalil A, Plotka A, Hirokawa K, Larbi A, Bocti C, Laurent B, Frost EH, Witkowski JM. Targeting Impaired Antimicrobial Immunity in the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1311-1339. [PMID: 33976546 PMCID: PMC8106529 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s264910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and aging is the most common risk factor for developing the disease. The etiology of AD is not known but AD may be considered as a clinical syndrome with multiple causal pathways contributing to it. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, claiming that excess production or reduced clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and its aggregation into amyloid plaques, was accepted for a long time as the main cause of AD. However, many studies showed that Aβ is a frequent consequence of many challenges/pathologic processes occurring in the brain for decades. A key factor, sustained by experimental data, is that low-grade infection leading to production and deposition of Aβ, which has antimicrobial activity, precedes the development of clinically apparent AD. This infection is chronic, low grade, largely clinically silent for decades because of a nearly efficient antimicrobial immune response in the brain. A chronic inflammatory state is induced that results in neurodegeneration. Interventions that appear to prevent, retard or mitigate the development of AD also appear to modify the disease. In this review, we conceptualize further that the changes in the brain antimicrobial immune response during aging and especially in AD sufferers serve as a foundation that could lead to improved treatment strategies for preventing or decreasing the progression of AD in a disease-modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shreyansh Tripathi
- Cluster Innovation Centre, North Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Mathematical Computational and Experimental Neuroscience (MCEN), BCAM - The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Sophia Antipolis, France.,Department of Mathematics, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Ton Bunt
- Izumi Biosciences, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Arnold Eiser
- Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francois Bernier
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Next Generation Science Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Pascale B Beauregard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Plotka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Med. Dent. University, Tokyo and Nito-Memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Bocti
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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42
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Del Bo' C, Bernardi S, Cherubini A, Porrini M, Gargari G, Hidalgo-Liberona N, González-Domínguez R, Zamora-Ros R, Peron G, Marino M, Gigliotti L, Winterbone MS, Kirkup B, Kroon PA, Andres-Lacueva C, Guglielmetti S, Riso P. A polyphenol-rich dietary pattern improves intestinal permeability, evaluated as serum zonulin levels, in older subjects: The MaPLE randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3006-3018. [PMID: 33388204 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Increased intestinal permeability (IP) can occur in older people and contribute to the activation of the immune system and inflammation. Dietary interventions may represent a potential strategy to reduce IP. In this regard, specific food bioactives such as polyphenols have been proposed as potential IP modulator due to their ability to affect several critical targets and pathways that control IP. The trial aimed to test the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern can decrease serum zonulin levels, an IP surrogate marker involved in tight junction modulation, and can beneficially alter the intestinal microbiota, and IP-associated biochemical and clinical markers in older subjects. METHODS A randomised, controlled, cross-over intervention trial was performed. Sixty-six subjects (aged ≥ 60 y) with increased IP based on serum zonulin levels, were randomly allocated to one of the two arms of the intervention consisting of a control diet (C-diet) vs. a polyphenol-rich diet (PR-diet). Each intervention was 8-week long and separated by an 8-week wash out period. At the beginning and at the end of each intervention period, serum samples were collected for the quantification of zonulin and other biological markers. Faecal samples were also collected to investigate the intestinal microbial ecosystem. In addition, anthropometrical/physical/biochemical parameters and food intake were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-one subjects successfully completed the intervention and a high compliance to the dietary protocols was demonstrated. Overall, polyphenol intake significantly increased from a mean of 812 mg/day in the C diet to 1391 mg/day in the PR-diet. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatment (p = 0.008) and treatment × time interaction (p = 0.025) on serum zonulin levels, which decreased after the 8-week PR-diet. In addition, a treatment × time interaction was observed showing a reduction of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.028) following the PR-diet, which was strongest in those not using antihypertensive drugs. A decrease in both diastolic (p = 0.043) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.042) was observed in women. Interestingly, a significant increase in fibre-fermenting and butyrate-producing bacteria such as the family Ruminococcaceae and members of the genus Faecalibacterium was observed following the PR intervention. The efficacy of this dietary intervention was greater in subjects with higher serum zonulin at baseline, who showed more pronounced alterations in the markers under study. Furthermore, zonulin reduction was also stronger among subjects with higher body mass index and with insulin resistance at baseline, thus demonstrating the close interplay between IP and metabolic features. CONCLUSIONS These data show, for the first time, that a PR-diet can reduce serum zonulin levels, an indirect marker of IP. In addition, PR-diet reduced blood pressure and increased fibre-fermenting and butyrate-producing bacteria. These findings may represent an initial breakthrough for further intervention studies evaluating possible dietary treatments for the management of IP, inflammation and gut function in different target populations. THIS STUDY WAS REGISTERED AT WWW.ISRCTN. ORG AS ISRCTN10214981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Gigliotti
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mark S Winterbone
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Kirkup
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Università, degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Uyar B, Palmer D, Kowald A, Murua Escobar H, Barrantes I, Möller S, Akalin A, Fuellen G. Single-cell analyses of aging, inflammation and senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101156. [PMID: 32949770 PMCID: PMC7493798 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell gene expression (transcriptomics) data are becoming robust and abundant, and are increasingly used to track organisms along their life-course. This allows investigation into how aging affects cellular transcriptomes, and how changes in transcriptomes may underlie aging, including chronic inflammation (inflammaging), immunosenescence and cellular senescence. We compiled and tabulated aging-related single-cell datasets published to date, collected and discussed relevant findings, and inspected some of these datasets ourselves. We specifically note insights that cannot (or not easily) be based on bulk data. For example, in some datasets, the fraction of cells expressing p16 (CDKN2A), one of the most prominent markers of cellular senescence, was reported to increase, in addition to its upregulated mean expression over all cells. Moreover, we found evidence for inflammatory processes in most datasets, some of these driven by specific cells of the immune system. Further, single-cell data are specifically useful to investigate whether transcriptional heterogeneity (also called noise or variability) increases with age, and many (but not all) studies in our review report an increase in such heterogeneity. Finally, we demonstrate some stability of marker gene expression patterns across closely similar studies and suggest that single-cell experiments may hold the key to provide detailed insights whenever interventions (countering aging, inflammation, senescence, disease, etc.) are affecting cells depending on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Uyar
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine III, Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock, Germany.
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44
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Functionally Relevant Differences in Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Expression of Cytotoxic and Inhibitory NK Cell Receptors between Healthy Young and Healthy Elder Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123641. [PMID: 33256224 PMCID: PMC7759996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the healthy ageing, NK cell number is not modified; however, their spontaneous cytotoxicity decreases. We postulated that the age-dependent decline in metabolic activities might be responsible for this effect. (2) Methods: The fatty acid profile of 30 healthy young males (23 ± 4 years old, BMI 22.1 ± 1.3) and 30 older males (63 ± 5 years old, BMI 22.9 ± 2.5) donors were evaluated along with the expression of killing (KR) and inhibitory NK receptors (KIR) at basal level and after cultivation with fatty acids for 24 h. (3) Results: Significantly higher levels of oleic (p < 0.01), arachidonic (p < 0.001), lignoceric (p < 0.001), and nervonic acids (p < 0.0001) and significantly lower levels of docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (p < 0.01) were found in elders as compared to young adults. At basal levels, significant (p < 0.005) differences in KR and KIR expression were encountered; 12/16 antigens. Treatment of cells with saturated fatty acids or arachidonic acid (AA) significantly enhanced KR expressions (p < 0.001). AA treatment decreased inhibitory KIR expression while docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic acid increased them. (4) Conclusions: Changes in fatty acids blood levels, and KR and KIR expression in NK cell, are age-dependent. Supplementation of NK cells with eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid enhanced inhibitory KIR receptors’ expression which may improve their cell function.
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45
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Batista MA, Calvo-Fortes F, Silveira-Nunes G, Camatta GC, Speziali E, Turroni S, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Neretti N, Maioli TU, Santos RR, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, Faria AMC. Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579972. [PMID: 33262758 PMCID: PMC7688519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious agents and to vaccination. Inflammaging, a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, usually leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and frailty in the elderly. However, some elderly escape from frailty and reach advanced age free of the consequences of inflammaging. This process has been called immunological remodeling, and it is the hallmark of healthy aging as described in the studies of centenarians in Italy. The biological markers of healthy aging are still a matter of debate, and the studies on the topic have focused on inflammatory versus remodeling processes and molecules. The sub-clinical inflammatory status associated with aging might be a deleterious event for populations living in countries where chronic infectious diseases are not prevalent. Nevertheless, in other parts of the world where they are, two possibilities may occur. Inflammatory responses may have a protective effect against these infectious agents. At the same time, the long-term consequences of protective immune responses during chronic infections may result in accelerated immunosenescence in these individuals. Therefore, the biological markers of healthy aging can vary according to environmental, cultural, and geographical settings that reflect worldwide, and in a non-biased, non-westernized perspective, the changes that we experience regarding our contacts with microorganisms and the outcomes of such contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andrade Batista
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Calvo-Fortes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Caliman Camatta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Neretti
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Center for Biophysics, Bioinformatics, Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Vicente BM, Lucio Dos Santos Quaresma MV, Maria de Melo C, Lima Ribeiro SM. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and its association with cognition, frailty, and risk of disabilities in older adults: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:7-16. [PMID: 33183575 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Systemic inflammation is considered an important issue in older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as frailty and cognitive impairment. Diet is a critical associated factor, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is proposed as a promising tool to identify the association between diet and health outcomes. Our aims were: (i) to investigate the association between the DII® and frailty, cognition, and the consequent risk of disability in older adults; (ii) to discuss particularities of the use of DII® with older adults. METHODS The research question was based on the PICOS strategy: Population = older adults; Intervention or Exposure = DII; Comparison = any comparator; Outcomes = frailty, cognition, and risk of disability; Type of study = cohort, cross-sectional or case-control studies. We searched publications in two electronic databases (PUBMED and Web of Science) up to May 20th, 2020. RESULTS Seven studies met our criteria. Three investigated cognition (one cohort and two cross-sectional), and four investigated frailty or risk of disability (one cohort and three cross-sectional); none of the studies investigated both outcomes (frailty and cognition) simultaneously. The studies presented some issues, mainly concerning: (i) the collection of dietary data and calculation of the DII; (ii) the study design; (iii) calculation of the sample size; (iv) eligibility criteria; (v) time for follow-up; (vi) and choice of covariates. CONCLUSION despite the issues, the use of DII resulted in a significant association, or predictive value, with variables related to frailty and cognitive decline. Further studies, with sensitivity analysis of the different components of this index, are needed. DII showed to be a promising tool in the investigation of geriatric syndromes. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020155672).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
High-quality evidence indicates that regular use of aspirin is effective in reducing the risk for precancerous colorectal neoplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). This has led to US and international guidelines recommending aspirin for the primary prevention of CRC in specific populations. In this review, we summarize key questions that require addressing prior to broader adoption of aspirin-based chemoprevention, review recent evidence related to the benefits and harms of aspirin use among specific populations, and offer a rationale for precision prevention approaches. We specifically consider the mechanistic implications of evidence showing differences in aspirin's effects according to age, the potential role of modifiable mechanistic biomarkers for personalizing prevention, and emerging evidence that the gut microbiota may offer novel aspirin-associated preventive targets to reduce high-risk neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; ,
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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48
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Gordleeva S, Kanakov O, Ivanchenko M, Zaikin A, Franceschi C. Brain aging and garbage cleaning : Modelling the role of sleep, glymphatic system, and microglia senescence in the propagation of inflammaging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:647-665. [PMID: 33034735 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex process involving many functions of our body and described by the interplay of a sleep pattern and changes in the metabolic waste concentration regulated by the microglial function and the glymphatic system. We review the existing modelling approaches to this topic and derive a novel mathematical model to describe the crosstalk between these components within the conceptual framework of inflammaging. Analysis of the model gives insight into the dynamics of garbage concentration and linked microglial senescence process resulting from a normal or disrupted sleep pattern, hence, explaining an underlying mechanism behind healthy or unhealthy brain aging. The model incorporates accumulation and elimination of garbage, induction of glial activation by garbage, and glial senescence by over-activation, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory molecules by their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Assuming that insufficient sleep leads to the increase of garbage concentration and promotes senescence, the model predicts that if the accumulation of senescent glia overcomes an inflammaging threshold, further progression of senescence becomes unstoppable even if a normal sleep pattern is restored. Inverting this process by "rejuvenating the brain" is only possible via a reset of concentration of senescent glia below this threshold. Our model approach enables analysis of space-time dynamics of senescence, and in this way, we show that heterogeneous patterns of inflammation will accelerate the propagation of senescence profile through a network, confirming a negative effect of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Gordleeva
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia.
| | - Oleg Kanakov
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute for Women's Health and Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pro-Aging Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090839. [PMID: 32911634 PMCID: PMC7555004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence process is the result of a series of factors that start from the genetic constitution interacting with epigenetic modifications induced by endogenous and environmental causes and that lead to a progressive deterioration at the cellular and functional levels. One of the main causes of aging is oxidative stress deriving from the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and their scavenging through antioxidants. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activities produce uric acid, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which all may be relevant to such equilibrium. This review analyzes XOR activity through in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical reports, which highlight the pro-aging effects of XOR products. However, XOR activity contributes to a regular level of ROS and RNS, which appears essential for the proper functioning of many physiological pathways. This discourages the use of therapies with XOR inhibitors, unless symptomatic hyperuricemia is present.
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50
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Fuellen G, Liesenfeld O, Kowald A, Barrantes I, Bastian M, Simm A, Jansen L, Tietz-Latza A, Quandt D, Franceschi C, Walter M. The preventive strategy for pandemics in the elderly is to collect in advance samples & data to counteract chronic inflammation (inflammaging). Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101091. [PMID: 32454090 PMCID: PMC7245683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fighting the current COVID-19 pandemic, we must not forget to prepare for the next. Since elderly and frail people are at high risk, we wish to predict their vulnerability, and intervene if possible. For example, it would take little effort to take additional swabs or dried blood spots. Such minimally-invasive sampling, exemplified here during screening for potential COVID-19 infection, can yield the data to discover biomarkers to better handle this and the next respiratory disease pandemic. Longitudinal outcome data can then be combined with other epidemics and old-age health data, to discover the best biomarkers to predict (i) coping with infection & inflammation and thus hospitalization or intensive care, (ii) long-term health challenges, e.g. deterioration of lung function after intensive care, and (iii) treatment & vaccination response. Further, there are universal triggers of old-age morbidity & mortality, and the elimination of senescent cells improved health in pilot studies in idiopathic lung fibrosis & osteoarthritis patients alike. Biomarker studies are needed to test the hypothesis that resilience of the elderly during a pandemic can be improved by countering chronic inflammation and/or removing senescent cells. Our review suggests that more samples should be taken and saved systematically, following minimum standards, and data be made available, to maximize healthspan & minimize frailty, leading to savings in health care, gains in quality of life, and preparing us better for the next pandemic, all at the same time.
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