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Phillips S. 'Does that mean you will be violent?': A qualitative exploration into Autistic women's experiences of relationships with lecturers at university. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241264887. [PMID: 39056306 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241264887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT It is documented that more Autistic woman are becoming university students, but their experiences are not often explored. Eleven Autistic women students made artefacts (such as writing, paintings or poems) and took part in interviews to share their experiences at university. Five participants were undergraduate students and six participants were postgraduate students. The artefacts and words participants shared were looked at closely and some common themes were decided. How lecturers talk to Autistic women students was looked at. Participants said they were lucky if they met helpful lecturers. Also, autism acceptance was explored. Overall, how lecturers treat Autistic women at university is very important. Also, Autistic women students' opinions about making university a more welcoming place need to be listened to.
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AbouZeid EM, Afifi AH, Hussei RA, Salama AA, Youssef FS, El-Ahmady SH, Ammar NM. Phoenix dactylifera L.: An Overview of Phytochemical Constituents and Impact on Women's Health. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400456. [PMID: 38687201 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is the most significant member of the palm family (Arecaceae), particularly in the Middle East and Arab World. It is a valuable source of both primary and secondary metabolites including sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, phytosterols, terpenes and sphingolipids, besides vitamins and minerals. Besides, it possesses a wide array of pharmacologic activities viz. immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activities, in addition to its positive effects on male and female fertility. Further research is still required to deeply understand its clinical implications, especially concerning women's health. Moreover, there are other Phoenix species that still need to be investigated to learn more about their undiscovered phytochemical components and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaam M AbouZeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hussei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Martins C, Mitchell JJ, Hamer M, Blodgett JM. Associations between psychological distress in adolescence and menstrual symptoms across life: Longitudinal evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:712-718. [PMID: 38494131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association between psychological distress (PD) at age 16 and menstrual symptoms experienced across women's life. METHODS Up to 2584 females from the 1970 British Cohort Study, a study of individuals born within one week in 1970, were included. PD at age 16 was measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Three categories were derived: low PD (<11), moderate PD (11-15), and severe PD (>15). Five menstrual health symptoms were self-reported at each age (16, 30 and 42 years). Binomial logistic regressions examined associations between PD at age 16 and each individual symptom, adjusted for age of menarche, sleep and appetite problems, physical activity levels and socioeconomic position. RESULTS The most prevalent symptoms were "pain" (61 %), "painful period" (10 %) and "heavy period" (33 %) at ages 16, 30 and 42, respectively. At age 16, those with severe PD were more likely to experience depression (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 2.31, 3.70)), irritability (1.67; 1.33, 2.11), menstrual pain (1.34; 1.01, 1.80), and headaches (1.29; 1.02, 1.63). A weak association was found between severe PD at age 16 and pre-menstrual tension at age 30 (1.72; 1.01, 2.83). At age 42, those with severe PD at age 16 were more likely to experience pre-menstrual tension (1.89; 1.46, 2.44), painful periods (1.64; 1.27, 2.11), and heavy periods (1.28; 1.00, 1.62). DISCUSSION Menstruating females with higher levels of PD in adolescence have an increased risk of menstrual symptoms across adolescence, early and mid-adulthood. Our findings suggest the need to consider early-life psychological interventions to improve women's menstrual experiences across their reproductive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martins
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, UCL, London, UK.
| | - J J Mitchell
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.
| | - M Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, UCL, London, UK.
| | - J M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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Wardenaar KJ, Jörg F, Oldehinkel AJ. Explanatory and modifying factors of the association between sex and depression onset during adolescence: An exploratory study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:424-433. [PMID: 38479503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is twice as high in women as in men and this difference already emerges during adolescence. Because the mechanisms underlying this sex-difference remain poorly understood, we took a bottom-up approach to identify factors explaining the sex-MDD relationship. METHODS Data came from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a population study investigating youths' development from age 11 into adulthood. We assessed multiple baseline covariates (e.g., demographic, social and psychological) at ages 11-13 years and MDD onset at ages 19 and 25 years. In regression analyses, each covariate's role in the sex-MDD association as an effect modifier or confounder/explanatory variable was investigated. Replicability was evaluated in an independent sample. RESULTS The analyses identified no effect-modifiers. Baseline internalizing problems, behavioral inhibition, dizziness, comfort in classroom, physical complaints, attention problems, cooperation, self/effortful control, interpersonal life events and computer use partially explained the association between sex and MDD at age 19. The association between sex and MDD at age 25 was explained by largely the same variables, but also by shyness, acne, antisocial behavior, aggression, affection from peers and time spent shopping. The explanatory roles of internalizing problems, behavioral inhibition, negative events involving gossip/rumors and leisure-time spending (computer-use/shopping) were replicated. LIMITATIONS Potentially important baseline variables were not included or had low response rates. Gender roles or identification were not considered. Baseline MDD was not adjusted for. CONCLUSION The sex-MDD association is partially explained by sex differences in symptoms and vulnerability factors already present in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J Wardenaar
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Child and Family Welfare, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Frederike Jörg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; Research Department, GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
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Stibbards-Lyle M, Malinovska J, Badawy S, Schedin P, Rinker KD. Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1398196. [PMID: 38835377 PMCID: PMC11148378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1398196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Young onset breast cancer (YOBC) is an increasing demographic with unique biology, limited screening, and poor outcomes. Further, women with postpartum breast cancers (PPBCs), cancers occurring up to 10 years after childbirth, have worse outcomes than other young breast cancer patients matched for tumor stage and subtype. Early-stage detection of YOBC is critical for improving outcomes. However, most young women (under 45) do not meet current age guidelines for routine mammographic screening and are thus an underserved population. Other challenges to early detection in this population include reduced performance of standard of care mammography and reduced awareness. Women often face significant barriers in accessing health care during the postpartum period and disadvantaged communities face compounding barriers due to systemic health care inequities. Blood tests and liquid biopsies targeting early detection may provide an attractive option to help address these challenges. Test development in this area includes understanding of the unique biology involved in YOBC and in particular PPBCs that tend to be more aggressive and deadly. In this review, we will present the status of breast cancer screening and detection in young women, provide a summary of some unique biological features of YOBC, and discuss the potential for blood tests and liquid biopsy platforms to address current shortcomings in timely, equitable detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Stibbards-Lyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Malinovska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seleem Badawy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Pasokh Z, Seif M, Ghaem H, Rezaianzadeh A, Johari MG. Age at natural menopause and development of chronic diseases in the female population of Kharameh, Iran: A historical cohort study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2042. [PMID: 38650726 PMCID: PMC11033488 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Declines in estradiol levels after menopause have been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of age at natural menopause (ANM) on some of the most common chronic diseases. Methods This historical cohort study was performed on 2636 postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years participating in phase one of the PERSIAN cohort study in Kharameh, Iran, during 2015-2017. The effect of early (<45 years), intermediate (45-53 years), and late menopause (>53 years) on chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid diseases, and depression was assessed using classic logistic regression for diseases with an incidence rate of more than 10% and Firth's logistic regression for diseases with an incidence of less than this amount. Results The mean age of women was 53.48 ± 8.59. Respectively, early and intermediate menopause was associated with ischemic heart disease (odds ratio [OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.42; p = 0.020), (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13-2.21; p = 0.008) and thyroid diseases (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.64-6.24; p < 0.001), (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.02-3.57; p = 0.042). furthermore, early menopause was a risk factor for diabetes (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-2.00; p = 0.018), depression (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.20-11.79; p = <0.001) and stroke (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.08-9.32; p = 0.034). Conclusions In this study, women with diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid disorders, and depression had a younger ANM compared to their healthy counterparts. Therefore, applying appropriate strategies to postpone the age of menopause, can reduce the incidence of these types of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pasokh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Community Medicine DepartmentShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Nichols AR, Chavarro JE, Oken E. Reproductive risk factors across the female lifecourse and later metabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:240-262. [PMID: 38280383 PMCID: PMC10871592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic health is characterized by optimal blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol, blood pressure, and adiposity. Alterations in these characteristics may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Recent evidence suggests that female reproductive characteristics may be overlooked as risk factors that contribute to later metabolic dysfunction. These reproductive traits include the age at menarche, menstrual irregularity, the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational weight change, gestational dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, and the severity and timing of menopausal symptoms. These risk factors may themselves be markers of future dysfunction or may be explained by shared underlying etiologies that promote long-term disease development. Disentangling underlying relationships and identifying potentially modifiable characteristics have an important bearing on therapeutic lifestyle modifications that could ease long-term metabolic burden. Further research that better characterizes associations between reproductive characteristics and metabolic health, clarifies underlying etiologies, and identifies indicators for clinical application is warranted in the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Nichols
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Athar F, Karmani M, Templeman N. Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231916. [PMID: 38131197 PMCID: PMC10830447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system is strongly influenced by nutrition and energy balance. It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones-including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin-signal throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women's health overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faria Athar
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Muskan Karmani
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Templeman
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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Faraji M, Viera-Resto OA, Setlow B, Bizon JL. Effects of reproductive experience on cost-benefit decision making in female rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1304408. [PMID: 38352625 PMCID: PMC10863065 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1304408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Many individuals undergo mating and/or other aspects of reproductive experience at some point in their lives, and pregnancy and childbirth in particular are associated with alterations in the prevalence of several psychiatric disorders. Research in rodents shows that maternal experience affects spatial learning and other aspects of hippocampal function. In contrast, there has been little work in animal models concerning how reproductive experience affects cost-benefit decision making, despite the relevance of this aspect of cognition for psychiatric disorders. To begin to address this issue, reproductively experienced (RE) and reproductively naïve (RN) female Long-Evans rats were tested across multiple tasks that assess different forms of cost-benefit decision making. In a risky decision-making task, in which rats chose between a small, safe food reward and a large food reward accompanied by variable probabilities of punishment, RE females chose the large risky reward significantly more frequently than RN females (greater risk taking). In an intertemporal choice task, in which rats chose between a small, immediate food reward and a large food reward delivered after a variable delay period, RE females chose the large reward less frequently than RN females. Together, these results show distinct effects of reproductive experience on different forms of cost-benefit decision making in female rats, and highlight reproductive status as a variable that could influence aspects of cognition relevant for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Faraji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Omar A. Viera-Resto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Bizon
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lawley SD, Sammel MD, Santoro N, Johnson J. Mathematical recapitulation of the end stages of human ovarian aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4490. [PMID: 38215196 PMCID: PMC10786411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian aging in women can be described as highly unpredictable within individuals but predictable across large populations. We showed previously that modeling an individual woman's ovarian reserve of primordial follicles using mathematical random walks replicates the natural pattern of growing follicles exiting the reserve. Compiling many simulations yields the observed population distribution of the age at natural menopause (ANM). Here, we have probed how stochastic control of primordial follicle loss might relate to the distribution of the preceding menopausal transition (MT), when women begin to experience menstrual cycle irregularity. We show that identical random walk model conditions produce both the reported MT distribution and the ANM distribution when thresholds are set for growing follicle availability. The MT and ANM are shown to correspond to gaps when primordial follicles fail to grow for 7 and 12 days, respectively. Modeling growing follicle supply is shown to precisely recapitulate epidemiological data and provides quantitative criteria for the MT and ANM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. Lawley
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, 155 S 1400 E, JWB 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mary D. Sammel
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine (AMC) Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine (AMC) Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine (AMC) Building RC2, Room P15 3103, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Kedare JS, Kadiani A, Patkar P, Gautam A. Mental health and well-being of women (menarche, perinatal, and menopause). Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S320-S330. [PMID: 38445284 PMCID: PMC10911323 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_651_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental well-being is now an increasingly researched and discussed topic that primarily involves taking care of mental health in a preventive manner and is more of a subjective concept. Mental well-being ensures mental health and measures taken toward it can protect the person's overall health. Discussing and researching this concept is of paramount importance as this will not just safeguard an individual life but the society at large. The lifetime of a woman is multidimensionally unique with a complex interplay of biological, sociocultural, and environmental aspects. This demands a diverse variety of factors required to ensure mental well-being in a woman. In addition to this, these determinants vary on the life stage the woman is in. Factors that influence this well-being are also specific when it comes to an Indian context. This chapter considers and discusses in detail the various aspects of the mental health and well-being of women in the pubertal, perinatal, and menopausal age groups. Determinants are unique to particular age groups of women, and measures to focus on and ensure it will be elaborated on. Finally, recommendations towards policy making are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi S. Kedare
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adnan Kadiani
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Gautam
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Gautam Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Xu G, Li L, Yi L, Li T, Chai Q, Zhu J. A pooled analysis of temporal trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss among adolescents aged 12-15 years across 29 countries. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259442. [PMID: 37860167 PMCID: PMC10582330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies examining trends in sleep loss among adolescents have mainly focused on single countriy and region. This study aims to analyze temporal trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss among adolescents from 29 countries in five regions. Methods This study used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2018, which surveyed 215,380 adolescents from 29 countries with at least two cross-sectional surveys per country. The weighted country-specific prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss and trends across the survey years were evaluated. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled prevalence and temporal trends across 29 countries. Results Temporal variations in anxiety-induced sleep loss across countries were identified. Increasing (Suriname, Vanuatu, and Myanmar), decreasing (Namibia, Jamaica, the Philippines, Samoa, and Indonesia), and stable (all other countries) trends in anxiety-induced sleep loss were noted. The pooled weighted prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss was 11.35 and 10.67% in the first and last surveys, respectively. There was no meaningful change in the propensity to have anxiety-related sleep disorders over time, with the reduction and OR of these two surveys being 0.54 (-0.53-1.61) and 0.98 (0.88-1.10). For subgroup analyses, no significant differences in pooled anxiety-induced sleep loss trends were seen between the two surveys for different sexes, regions, incomes, survey years in the first wave, survey periods, or number of surveys. Conclusion Trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss in adolescents varied significantly across different countries. Generally, a stable trend was observed in 21 of the 29 countries surveyed. Our study provides data that can aid policymakers in establishing country-specific strategies for reducing anxiety-induced sleep loss in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xu
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital & Affiliated Mental Health Centre, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Yi
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongxia Chai
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyang Zhu
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Prince C, Joinson C, Kwong ASF, Fraser A, Heron J. The relationship between timing of onset of menarche and depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e60. [PMID: 37766510 PMCID: PMC10539742 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Girls who experience an earlier onset of menarche than their peers are at increased risk of depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence, but it is unclear if this association persists into adulthood. This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood vary according to timing of menarche. METHODS About 4,864 female participants in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provided data on age at onset of menarche (assessed in repeated questionnaires from 8 to 17 years) and depressive symptoms across nine time points (13 to 26 years) using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. We compared patterns of depressive symptoms in girls with 'early' (<11.5 years), 'normative' (11.5 to 13.5 years) and 'late' (≥13.5 years) menarche using a linear spline multilevel growth curve model adjusted for indicators of socioeconomic position, father absence and body mass index. RESULTS Early, compared with normative, menarche was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at age 14 (imputed adjusted estimated difference = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 1.45), but the association attenuated at 24 years (0.24 [-0.72, 1.19]). Late menarche, compared with normative, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms at age 14 (-0.69 [-1.10, -0.29]), but this association also attenuated at 24 years (-0.15 [-0.92, 0.62]). CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a persistent effect of early menarche, compared to normative, on depressive symptoms. However, our findings are consistent with the level of depressive symptoms increasing at the onset of menarche irrespective of timing. The late onset girls 'catch up' with their peers who experience menarche earlier in terms of depressive symptoms. Future studies should continue to assess the impact of timing of menarche further into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Joinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. S. F. Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Ballone N, Richards E. Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Women's Mental Health: Considerations for Providing Culturally Sensitive Care. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:571-582. [PMID: 37500251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Racial and ethnic disparities are apparent in many areas of health care. Within mental health, women experience increased rates of some mental health disorders particularly noted within the reproductive life cycle starting at puberty and ending with the menopause transition. Hormone and endocrine processes along with individual vulnerability and various stressors all likely play a major role. Among these women, a disproportionate number are racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Cultural influences and systemic barriers are explored to provide competent and necessary mental health care for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ballone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erica Richards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Stadtler H, Neigh GN. Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Stress. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:427-446. [PMID: 37500242 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the existing knowledge and data that explain the physiologic impacts of stress, especially pertaining to neurobiology, and how these impacts differ by sex. Furthermore, this review explains the benefits of interventions aimed at preventing or mitigating the adverse effects of stress, because of both the significant toll of stress on the body and the disproportionate impact of these changes experienced by women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stadtler
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 1101 East Marshall Street Box 980709, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 1101 East Marshall Street Box 980709, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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16
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Kadlecova M, Freude K, Haukedal H. Complexity of Sex Differences and Their Impact on Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051261. [PMID: 37238932 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences are present in brain morphology, sex hormones, aging processes and immune responses. These differences need to be considered for proper modelling of neurological diseases with clear sex differences. This is the case for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with two-thirds of cases diagnosed in women. It is becoming clear that there is a complex interplay between the immune system, sex hormones and AD. Microglia are major players in the neuroinflammatory process occurring in AD and have been shown to be directly affected by sex hormones. However, many unanswered questions remain as the importance of including both sexes in research studies has only recently started receiving attention. In this review, we provide a summary of sex differences and their implications in AD, with a focus on microglia action. Furthermore, we discuss current available study models, including emerging complex microfluidic and 3D cellular models and their usefulness for studying hormonal effects in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kadlecova
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 C Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 C Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 C Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Jeong SM, Jeon KH, Jung W, Yoo JE, Yoo J, Han K, Kim JY, Lee DY, Lee YB, Shin DW. Association of reproductive factors with cardiovascular disease risk in pre-menopausal women: nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:264-273. [PMID: 36355619 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are rising in young women, the risk factors of CVD among Korean pre-menopausal women have not been intensively investigated. AIMS To determine how age at menarche and other female reproductive factors are associated with the risk of CVD in pre-menopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1 088 992 pre-menopausal women who participated in health screening in 2009 were included. The study outcomes were myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted with adjustment of traditional CVD risk factors and reproductive factors. RESULTS Mean age was 43.8 ± 5.3 years (98.9%, < 55 years), 3.5% were current smokers, and 1.2% were heavy drinkers. During a mean follow-up of 8.3years [9 032 685.9 person-years (PY)], there were 10 876 CVD events (1.0 per 1000 PY).With later menarche, the risk of CVD increased; ≤12 years [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.16], 13 years (reference), 14 years (1.06, 0.98-1.14), 15 years (1.15, 1.07-1.24), 16 years (1.23, 1.14-1.34), and ≥17 years (1.33, 1.24-1.44). Compared with non-users, oral contraceptives (OC) users (≥1 year) had an increased risk of CVD (1.11, 1.01-1.22) (P for trend = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Later menarche than the mean age at menarche (13 years old) and the use of OC (≥1 year) were associated with a higher risk of CVD, after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This study suggests that female reproductive factors could be unique risk factors for CVD in pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hye Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, 12, Sinsi-ro 10-gil, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39295, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Jung
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, 296-12, Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369, Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wireless and Population Health System, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Kalinowski D, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Kozłowska A, Równiak M. Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of the amygdala is altered in female mice with oestrogen receptor β deprivation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 36650256 PMCID: PMC9845293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is modulated by dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and this modulation is altered in mood disorders. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the presence/absence of quantitative alterations in the expression of main dopaminergic and cholinergic markers in the amygdala of mice with oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock-out which exhibit increased anxiety, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods. Such alterations could either contribute to increased anxiety or be a compensatory mechanism for reducing anxiety. The results show that among dopaminergic markers, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2-like receptor (DA2) is significantly elevated in the amygdala of mice with ERβ deprivation when compared to matched controls, whereas the content of dopamine D1-like receptor (DA1) is not altered by ERβ knock-out. In the case of cholinergic markers, muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (AChRM1) and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChRα7) display overexpression while the content of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) remains unchanged. In conclusion, in the amygdala of ERβ knock-out female the dopaminergic and cholinergic signalling is altered, however, to determine the exact role of ERβ in the anxiety-related behaviour further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kalinowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ryva BA, Haggerty DK, Pacyga DC, James-Todd T, Li Z, Flaws JA, Strakovsky RS. Determinants of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations in pre- and perimenopausal women with consideration of race. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114056. [PMID: 35952743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Phthalates are endocrine disruptors in consumer plastics and personal care products. Our objectives were to identify determinants of phthalate biomarkers in women during the hormonally-sensitive midlife period, and to consider differences between non-Hispanic White and Black women. METHODS We used information from the Midlife Women's Health Study of pre- and peri-menopausal women from Baltimore, Maryland (enrolled 2006-2015). We collected sociodemographic/health information via baseline questionnaires or during clinic visits and measured nine phthalate metabolites in pools of 2-4 urines collected across one menstrual cycle. We calculated molar sums of metabolites to estimate exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP), personal care product phthalates (ΣPCPs), and phthalates in plastics (ΣPlastics). Accounting for meaningful predictors from bivariable analyses, our multivariable linear regression models evaluated determinants of phthalate biomarkers in all women (n = 689), non-Hispanic White women only (n = 467), or non-Hispanic Black women only (n = 195). RESULTS In multivariable analyses of all women, those who were perimenopausal, widowed/divorced, non-Hispanic Black, with higher family income, with lower BMI, or who reported more frequent nausea had higher monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and ΣPCP. Non-Hispanic White women who were perimenopausal had lower mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP), those who consume alcohol had higher mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and those with higher BMI had lower MEP and higher MCPP. Alternatively, widowed/divorced Black women had higher ΣDEHP, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and ΣPlastics, whereas Black women with higher income had higher MEP and ΣPCP. Black women who described themselves as having "as much" physical activity as others or who reported a skin condition had lower MBzP and MCPP, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified important determinants of phthalate biomarkers in midlife women and observed some differences by race. Future studies could consider reasons for these differences when developing interventions to reduce phthalate disparities and related health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Ryva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Diana C Pacyga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- The Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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20
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Short SE, Zacher M. Women's Health: Population Patterns and Social Determinants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 2022; 48:277-298. [PMID: 38765764 PMCID: PMC11101199 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-030320-034200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Women's health, and what we know about it, are influenced by social factors. From the exclusion of women's bodies in medical research, to the silence and stigma of menstruation and menopause, to the racism reflected in maternal mortality, the relevance of social factors is paramount. After a brief history of research on women's health, we review selected patterns, trends, and inequalities in US women's health. These patterns reveal US women's poor and declining longevity relative to those in other high-income countries, gaps in knowledge about painful and debilitating conditions that affect millions of women, and deep inequalities that underscore the need to redress political and structural features of US society that enhance health for some and diminish it for others. We close by describing the challenges and opportunities for future research, and the promise of a social determinants of health approach for advancing a multilevel, intersectional, and biosocial understanding of women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Short
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Meghan Zacher
- Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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21
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Merki-Feld GS, Sandor PS, Nappi RE, Pohl H, Schankin C. Clinical features of migraine with onset prior to or during start of combined hormonal contraception: a prospective cohort study. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:401-409. [PMID: 33928470 PMCID: PMC8986701 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have described the features of menstrually related migraines but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the features of migraine in combined hormonal contraceptive users (CHC). Hormone-withdrawal migraines in the pill-free period could differ from those in the natural cycle. Gynaecologic comorbidities, like dysmenorrhea and endometriosis, but also depression or a family history might modify the course of migraine. A better understanding of migraine features linked to special hormonal situations could improve treatment. For this prospective cohort study, we conducted telephone interviews with women using a CHC and reporting withdrawal migraine to collect information on migraine frequency, intensity, triggers, symptoms, pain medication, gynaecologic history and comorbidities (n = 48). A subset of women agreed to also document their migraines in prospective diaries. The mean number of migraine days per cycle was 4.2 (± 2.7). Around 50% of these migraines occurred during the hormone-free interval. Migraine frequency was significantly higher in women who suffered from migraine before CHC start (5.0 ± 3.1) (n = 22) in comparison to those with migraine onset after CHC start (3.5 ± 2.1) (n = 26). Menstrually related attacks were described as more painful (57.5%), especially in women with migraine onset before CHC use (72%) (p < 0.02). Comorbidities were rare, except dysmenorrhea. The majority of migraine attacks in CHC users occur during the hormone-free interval. Similar as in the natural cycle, hormone-withdrawal migraines in CHC users are very intense and the response to acute medication is less good, especially in those women, who developed migraine before CHC use.
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22
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Kalinowski D, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Kozłowska A, Równiak M. Expression of Calbindin, a Marker of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Neurons, Is Reduced in the Amygdala of Oestrogen Receptor β-Deficient Female Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071760. [PMID: 35407369 PMCID: PMC8999607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock-out female mice display increased anxiety and decreased threshold for synaptic plasticity induction in the basolateral amygdala. This may suggest that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system is altered. Therefore, the immunoreactivity of main GABAergic markers-i.e., calbindin, parvalbumin, calretinin, somatostatin, α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptor and vesicular GABA transporter-were compared in the six subregions (LA, BL, BM, ME, CE and CO) of the amygdala of adult female wild-type and ERβ knock-out mice using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods. The influence of ERβ knock-out on neuronal loss and glia was also elucidated using pan-neuronal and astrocyte markers. The results show severe neuronal deficits in all main amygdala regions in ERβ knock-out mice accompanied by astroglia overexpression only in the medial, basomedial and cortical nuclei and a decrease in calbindin-expressing neurons (CB+) in the amygdala in ERβ knock-out mice compared with controls, while other markers of the GABAergic system remain unchanged. Concluding, the lack of ERβ led to failure in the structural integrity of the CB+ subpopulation, reducing interneuron firing and resulting in a disinhibitory effect over pyramidal function. This fear-promoting excitatory/inhibitory alteration may lead to the increased anxiety observed in these mice. The impact of neuronal deficits and astroglia overexpression on the amygdala functions remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kalinowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-89-523-4301
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
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23
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Mishra A, Wang Y, Yin F, Vitali F, Rodgers KE, Soto M, Mosconi L, Wang T, Brinton RD. A tale of two systems: Lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer's prevention & treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101542. [PMID: 34929348 PMCID: PMC8884386 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurological aging is frequently viewed as a linear process of decline, whereas in reality, it is a dynamic non-linear process. The dynamic nature of neurological aging is exemplified during midlife in the female brain. To investigate fundamental mechanisms of midlife aging that underlie risk for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in late life, we investigated the brain at greatest risk for the disease, the aging female brain. Outcomes of our research indicate that mid-life aging in the female is characterized by the emergence of three phases: early chronological (pre-menopause), endocrinological (peri-menopause) and late chronological (post-menopause) aging. The endocrinological aging program is sandwiched between early and late chronological aging. Throughout the three stages of midlife aging, two systems of biology, metabolic and immune, are tightly integrated through a network of signaling cascades. The network of signaling between these two systems of biology underlie an orchestrated sequence of adaptative starvation responses that shift the brain from near exclusive dependence on a single fuel, glucose, to utilization of an auxiliary fuel derived from lipids, ketone bodies. The dismantling of the estrogen control of glucose metabolism during mid-life aging is a critical contributor to the shift in fuel systems and emergence of dynamic neuroimmune phenotype. The shift in fuel reliance, puts the largest reservoir of local fatty acids, white matter, at risk for catabolism as a source of lipids to generate ketone bodies through astrocytic beta oxidation. APOE4 genotype accelerates the tipping point for emergence of the bioenergetic crisis. While outcomes derived from research conducted in the female brain are not directly translatable to the male brain, the questions addressed in a female centric program of research are directly applicable to investigation of the male brain. Like females, males with AD exhibit deficits in the bioenergetic system of the brain, activation of the immune system and hallmark Alzheimer's pathologies. The drivers and trajectory of mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in the male brain will undoubtedly share common aspects with the female in addition to factors unique to the male. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that midlife endocrine aging can also be a transitional bridge to autoimmune disorders. Collectively, the data indicate that endocrinological aging is a critical period "tipping point" in midlife which can initiate emergence of the prodromal stage of late-onset-Alzheimer's disease. Interventions that target both immune and metabolic shifts that occur during midlife aging have the potential to alter the trajectory of Alzheimer's risk in late life. Further, to achieve precision medicine for AD, chromosomal sex is a critical variable to consider along with APOE genotype, other genetic risk factors and stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Mishra
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kathleen E Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Maira Soto
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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Gowda P, Reddy PH, Kumar S. Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101529. [PMID: 34813976 PMCID: PMC8692431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is currently one of the biggest public health concerns in the world. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is one of the major hallmarks of AD. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial miRNAs potentially play important roles in the mitochondrial dysfunctions, focusing on synapse in AD progression. In this meta-analysis paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and discuss the (1) role of mitochondrial miRNAs that regulate mitochondrial and synaptic functions; (2) the role of various factors such as mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, calcium signaling, biological sex, and aging on synapse and mitochondrial function; (3) how synapse damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to AD; (4) the structure and function of synapse and mitochondria in the disease process; (5) latest research developments in synapse and mitochondria in healthy and disease states; and (6) therapeutic strategies that improve synaptic and mitochondrial functions in AD. Specifically, we discussed how differences in the expression of mitochondrial miRNAs affect ATP production, oxidative stress, mitophagy, bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic activity, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and synaptotoxicity in neurons observed during AD. However, more research is needed to confirm the locations and roles of individual mitochondrial miRNAs in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Prasanna Venkatesh L, Vandhana S. Insights on Surya namaskar from its origin to application towards health. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100530. [PMID: 34974957 PMCID: PMC8814407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Suryanamaskar is considered a part of modern-day yogic practices though it was neither considered an asana nor a part of traditional Yoga. Practicing Suryanamaskar before beginning routine activities vitalizes the practitioner and gives a completely energized day. Starting from the Raja of Aundh who first introduced surya namaskar, there is a line of eminent people who popularized this dynamic group of asanas including T Krishnamacharya, Swami Sivananda, Swami Satyananda from Bihar school of Yoga, so on and so forth. Their contributions resulted in this excellent series of Asanas being introduced to the practitioners. Such a miraculous group of postures also involves dynamic breathing patterns at each posture and gives a form of complete practice involving asanas and pranayama. There are a total of 12 postures in Suryanamaskar practice and 24 steps in one round. This is in the form of salutation to the "Sun" along with chanting the twelve names of the sun god. In this review, we accentuate the importance of Suryanamaskar highlighting its effects on physical, psychological and physiological aspects of the body based on published research. In addition, the usefulness of surya namaskar as one complete sadhana for the whole body is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Vandhana
- Singaperumal Koil, Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Dos Santos AT, Soares FC, Lima RA, Dos Santos SJ, Silva CRDM, Bezerra J, de Barros MVG. Violence and psychosocial stress: A 10-year time trend analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:116-122. [PMID: 34419779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of psychosocial stress and its association between exposure to violence in adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of temporal trends based on three school-based and statewide surveys with regular intervals of five years. The target population consisted of high school students from public schools. A total of 4,207 adolescents were evaluated in 2006, 6,264 in 2011, and 6,002 in 2016. The psychosocial stress indicator was the dependent study variable and was analyzed according to questions: a) Feeling of loneliness; b) Feeling of sadness; c) Difficulty sleeping due to worry; d) Number of close friends; e) Suicide ideation. Exposure variables were exposure to physical violence, involvement in fights and bullying. Logistic and linear regressions were used to verify the temporal trend of psychosocial stress, and to analyze the association between exposure of violence and psychosocial stress. RESULTS Regardless of gender, the psychosocial stress score increasing trend between 2006 and 2016. The girls showed a variation in the feeling of loneliness from 18.7% to 22.8%, and suicide ideation increased from 10.4% to 14.2% between 2006 and 2016. All types of violence were associated with greater psychosocial stress for both boys and girls. CONCLUSION Adolescents had a higher prevalence of feelings of loneliness, difficulty sleeping due to worry and suicide ideation during the period from 2006 to 2016, regardless of gender. Exposure to violence is associated with psychosocial stress in both genders, however, the strongest associations occurred in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Bezerra
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Nakamura K, Sawada N, Kitamura K, Watanabe Y, Tsugane S. Menstrual and reproductive factors and limitations in activities of daily living: A case-control study within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3903-3912. [PMID: 34482606 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although menstrual/reproductive factors are known to be associated with physical disability, little is known about these associations in relation to activities of daily living (ADL). This study aimed to clarify associations between menstrual/reproductive factors and ADL limitations in peri- and postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN A nested case-control study of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) Study. METHODS The main outcome measure was self-reported ADL levels in the 10-year follow-up questionnaire survey of the JPHC Study conducted between 2000 and 2004 (N = 36 460). Women who "live inside almost independently, but go out with assistance" or had a lower level of activity were considered to have ADL limitations ("cases"), and all others served as controls. Candidate menstrual/reproductive predictors were as follows: menarcheal age, menopausal status, menopausal age, regularity of menses, menstrual cycle, number of pregnancies, age at first pregnancy, number of deliveries, age at first delivery, and breast feeding. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted, and odds ratios adjusted for age and past lifestyle were calculated. RESULTS Mean ages of cases (N = 592) and controls (N = 38 656) were 68.3 (SD = 7.6) and 61.1 (SD = 7.7) years, respectively. With respect to menopausal age, groups aged <45 and ≥55 years had significantly higher adjusted ORs (1.44, 95% CI: 1.09-1.90 and 1.55, 95%CI: 1.09-2.18, respectively) than the reference group (50-54 years). Multiparous women had significantly lower ORs than nulliparous women. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that menopausal age and parity may predict future ADL limitations in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Watanabe
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Vo PT, Fowler N, Rolan EP, Culbert KM, Racine SE, Burt SA, Klump KL. The effects of puberty on associations between mood/personality factors and disordered eating symptoms in girls. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1619-1631. [PMID: 34165208 PMCID: PMC8609476 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative and positive urgency, anxiety, and depressive symptoms are significant factors of disordered eating (DE) symptoms in early adolescence through young adulthood. However, it is unclear how puberty-a critical developmental milestone that is associated with increased risk for DE symptoms-affects the relationship between these factors and DE symptoms, given that the role of pubertal status has rarely been considered in relation to these associations. Thus, the present study examined whether puberty moderates associations between mood/personality factors and DE in pre-adolescent and adolescent girls. METHOD Participants included 981 girls (aged 8-16 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Mood/personality factors, pubertal status, and DE were assessed with self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Puberty significantly moderated associations between several factors (negative urgency, positive urgency, trait anxiety, depressive symptoms) and the cognitive symptoms of DE (e.g., shape/weight concerns, body dissatisfaction). Associations between mood/personality factors and cognitive DE were stronger in girls with more advanced pubertal status. By contrast, no significant moderation effects were detected for mood/personality-dysregulated eating (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating) associations. DISCUSSION Findings identify pubertal development as an important moderator of mood/personality-DE symptom associations, especially for cognitive DE symptoms that are known to predict the later onset of clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T. Vo
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University
| | | | | | - Kristen M. Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University
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Karavidas M, de Visser RO. "It's Not Just in My Head, and It's Not Just Irrelevant": Autistic Negotiations of Menopausal Transitions. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1143-1155. [PMID: 33886034 PMCID: PMC8854312 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical and psychological changes during menopause can be especially tumultuous for autistic people: difficulties with sensory sensitivity and daily functioning may be exacerbated. Through individual interviews, we examined the language used by seven peri- or post-menopausal autistic people to construct their experiences, and to consider the implications for their wellbeing and identities. Our analysis, which utilised thematic decomposition, yielded three discursive themes. The theme “Uncertainty about Changes” addressed how limited awareness and understanding of menopause combined with difficulties recognising internal states. However, with “Growing Self-Awareness and Self-Care”, some participants made conscious efforts to resist negative societal constructions of both autism and menopause. The theme “Navigating Support Options” addressed the interpersonal and systemic barriers participants faced when seeking support. There is a need for accessible information for autistic people experiencing menopause, and greater professional awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard O de Visser
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. .,Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
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30
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Perich T, Fraser I, Ussher J. "Extreme emotions" - the impact of reproductive life events for women living with bipolar disorder. Health Care Women Int 2021; 42:1379-1392. [PMID: 33749527 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1884683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how women with bipolar disorder construct and experience reproductive life events across the lifespan. We analyzed qualitative data from 29 semi-structured interviews with women aged 22-63 years (reproductive, menopause and post-menopause phases) using thematic analysis through a social constructionist framework. Themes of "Losing a sense of self-agency and self-worth" contained accounts of feeling out of control because of both bipolar disorder and reproductive life events. "Building a sense of personal autonomy and positive self-image" included accounts of acceptance and management of mood change over time, particularly for women in menopause and post-menopause life phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Perich
- Clinical and Health Psychology Research Initiative (CaHPRI), School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Isabel Fraser
- Clinical and Health Psychology Research Initiative (CaHPRI), School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jane Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
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31
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Haggerty DK, Flaws JA, Li Z, Strakovsky RS. Phthalate exposures and one-year change in body mass index across the menopausal transition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110598. [PMID: 33307086 PMCID: PMC7946761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopausal transition is a hormonally sensitive period associated with changes in body weight. Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals that could disrupt weight homeostasis, but it is unknown whether this occurs during the menopausal transition. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to (1) determine if phthalate exposure in pre- and perimenopausal women was associated with one-year change in body mass index (BMI), and (2) determine if these associations differed across the menopausal transition. METHODS We addressed our objectives using data from 524 participants enrolled in the Midlife Women's Health Study. We calculated change in BMI from baseline to first follow-up visit approximately one year later. Phthalate exposures were approximated by measuring urinary metabolites in pools of two-to-four spot urine samples collected across a four-week period at baseline. We molar-converted and summed mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (mECPP) to approximate exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP); ∑DEHP, mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (mCPP), and monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) to approximate exposure to plasticizer phthalates (∑Plastics); and monoethyl phthalate (mEP), monobutyl phthalate (mBP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (miBP) to approximate exposure to phthalates from personal care products (∑PCP). We used multivariable linear regression models to evaluate associations of specific gravity-adjusted ln-transformed phthalate metabolites or sums with one-year BMI change, and also considered whether associations differed depending on each woman's menopausal status change from baseline to first follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, most women were premenopausal (67.8%), non-Hispanic white (67.9%), and college educated (65.8%). Overall, urinary phthalate metabolites or sums were not associated with one-year BMI change. Stratified analysis identified positive associations between ∑DEHP (and three of its metabolites: MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP) and one-year BMI change among women who transitioned from peri-to post-menopause from baseline to first follow-up. For example, in these women, with each doubling of ∑DEHP, BMI increased by 0.65 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.17, 1.13) from baseline to first follow-up. Personal care product-associated phthalate metabolites (mBP and mEP) were negatively associated with one-year BMI change among women who remained perimenopausal from baseline to first follow-up, while miBP and mEP were positively associated with one-year BMI change among women who transitioned from peri-to post-menopause. CONCLUSION We found the strongest associations between some phthalates and one-year BMI change in women who transitioned from peri-to post-menopause from baseline to first follow-up. This supports previous evidence that the menopausal transition is a hormonally sensitive period in women's lives. To establish whether phthalate exposure contributes to body weight changes associated with the menopausal transition, substantially more research is needed to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Gibson CJ, Li Y, Jasuja GK, Self KJ, Seal KH, Byers AL. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Suicide in a National Sample of Midlife and Older Women Veterans. Med Care 2021; 59:S70-S76. [PMID: 33438886 PMCID: PMC8504206 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among midlife and older women, menopause symptoms and menopausal hormone therapy have been linked to mental health disorders and other comorbidities related to suicide. However, the role of hormone therapy as a prognostic factor of suicide risk is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between menopausal hormone therapy, suicide attempts, and suicide among midlife and older women Veterans. RESEARCH DESIGN In this longitudinal analysis of national Veterans Health Administration data from women Veterans aged 50 years and above, we used Fine-Gray proportional hazards models to examine associations between menopausal hormone therapy (prescribed in 2012-2013) and incident suicide attempts and suicide (index date-2016). MEASURES Menopausal hormone therapy and psychoactive medications from pharmacy records; suicide attempts and suicide from national suicide data repositories; demographic variables, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, and substance use disorders from electronic medical record data and International Classification Diagnoses-9-CM codes. RESULTS In this national sample of 291,709 women Veterans (mean age 60.47, SD 9.81), 6% were prescribed menopausal hormone therapy at baseline. Over an average of 4.5 years, 2673 had an incident suicide attempt (93%) or death by suicide (7%). Adjusting for age, race, and medical diagnoses, menopausal hormone therapy was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (hazard ratio 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.64) and over 2-fold increased risk of death by suicide (hazard ratio 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-3.87). Associations with death by suicide remained significant after accounting for psychiatric comorbidity and psychoactive medications. CONCLUSIONS Menopausal hormone therapy may be an important indicator of suicide risk among midlife and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. Gibson
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California
| | - Yixia Li
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- NCIRE—The Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Guneet K. Jasuja
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Medical Center, Bedford
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kyle J. Self
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California
| | - Karen H. Seal
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amy L. Byers
- San Francisco VA Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California
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Wang Y, Dong X, Fu C, Su M, Jiang F, Xu D, Li R, Huang P, Wang N, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Associations Between Thyroid Volume and Physical Growth in Pubertal Girls: Thyroid Volume Indexes Need to Be Applied to Thyroid Volume Assessments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:662543. [PMID: 34093438 PMCID: PMC8170467 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.662543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid volume (Tvol) is associated with many factors, but the current reference values for Tvol in children with sufficient iodine intake are inappropriate and need to be updated. Moderate changes in thyroid morphology and accentuated increases in body fat percentage occur during puberty as an adaption of the body and sexual development occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of physical growth on Tvol and propose an easily applicable method for conducting Tvol assessments in pubertal girls with sufficient iodine intake.Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 481 pubertal girls in East China from 2017 to 2019. B-ultrasound was used to assess Tvol. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of Tvol enlargement (dTvol) with changes in height (dH), weight (dW), waist circumference (dW), body mass index (dBMI), and body surface area (dBSA). Thyroid volume indexes (TVIs), including height thyroid volume index (HVI), weight and height thyroid volume index (WHVI), body mass index thyroid index (BMIV), and body surface area thyroid index (BSAV), were calculated to explore an appropriate method for Tvol assessments by Spearman correlation analyses. RESULTS Tvol, height, weight, BMI, and BSA increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (P<0.001). The associations between dTvol and physical growth were only observed in the 13 to 14-year-old group. dH, dW,dBMI, and dBSA were positively related to dTvol, with the maximum β of 5.74 (95%CI: 2.54 to 8.94) on dBSA, while dWC was negatively related to dTvol (β= -0.05, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.03). Both dHVI and dBSAV were not associated with dH, dW, dBMI, or dBSA in both age groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid volume was associated with physical growth in pubertal girls in East China, both age and anthropometric measurements must be comprehensively considered to establish the reference values for Tvol. HVI, and BSAV may be better indicators for Tvol assessments in pubertal girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolian Dong
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China
| | - Chaowei Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifang Su
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Yuhuan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongli Xu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Haimen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Na Wang,
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Keith L, Seo CA, Rowsemitt C, Pfeffer M, Wahi M, Staggs M, Dudek J, Gower B, Carmody M. Ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for lipedema. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110435. [PMID: 33303304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipedema (LI) is a common yet misdiagnosed condition, often misconstrued with obesity. LI affects women almost exclusively, and its painful and life-changing symptoms have long been thought to be resistant to the lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise. In this paper, we discuss possible mechanisms by which patients adopting a ketogenic diet (KD) can alleviate many of the unwanted clinical features of LI. This paper is also an effort to provide evidence for the hypothesis of the potency of this dietary intervention for addressing the symptoms of LI. Specifically, we examine the scientific evidence of effectiveness of adopting a KD by patients to alleviate clinical features associated with LI, including excessive and disproportionate lower body adipose tissue (AT) deposition, pain, and reduction in quality of life (QoL). We also explore several clinical features of LI currently under debate, including the potential existence and nature of edema, metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. The effectiveness of a KD on addressing clinical features of LI has been demonstrated in human studies, and shows promise as an intervention for LI. We hope this paper leads to an improved understanding of optimal nutritional management for patients with LI and stimulates future research in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Keith
- The Lipedema Project, Boston, MA, USA; Lipedema Simplified, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C A Seo
- The Lipedema Project, Boston, MA, USA; Lipedema Simplified, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Rowsemitt
- Lipedema Simplified, Boston, MA, USA; Comprehensive Weight Management, Templeton, CA and Providence, RI, USA; The Lipedema Project: Medical Advisory Board, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Pfeffer
- Lipedema Simplified, Boston, MA, USA; The Lipedema Project: Medical Advisory Board, Boston, MA, USA; I Choose Health, Metung, Australia
| | - M Wahi
- DethWench Professional Services, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Staggs
- Lipedema Simplified, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Dudek
- The Lipedema Project: Medical Advisory Board, Boston, MA, USA; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Gower
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Nutrition Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Carmody
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Nepomnaschy PA, Rowlands A, Prescivalli Costa AP, Salvante KG. Socio-Ecological Challenges as Modulators of Women's Reproductive Trajectories. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, miscarriages, and other reproductive outcomes are often seen as pathological. Life history theory, in contrast, treats those outcomes as adaptations that helped women optimize the timing of reproductive ventures across our evolutionary history. Women's bodies adjust their reproductive strategies in response to socio-ecological conditions, a process mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). Here, we review the links between socio-ecological conditions, HPAA activity, and the pace of women's reproductive transitions such as puberty, age at first birth, interbirth interval, and perimenopause. We also discuss the HPAA's role as a modulator of reproductive function: It not only suppresses it but may also prime women's bodies for future reproductive ventures. We conclude by reviewing challenges and opportunities within our subfield, including the need for transdisciplinary teams to develop longitudinal studies to improve our understanding of women's reproductive trajectories and outcomes from the moment they are conceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Nepomnaschy
- Maternal and Child Health Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences; and Crawford Laboratory of Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;, , ,
| | - Amanda Rowlands
- Maternal and Child Health Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences; and Crawford Laboratory of Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;, , ,
| | - Ana Paula Prescivalli Costa
- Maternal and Child Health Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences; and Crawford Laboratory of Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;, , ,
| | - Katrina G. Salvante
- Maternal and Child Health Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences; and Crawford Laboratory of Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada;, , ,
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Moseley RL, Druce T, Turner-Cobb JM. Autism research is 'all about the blokes and the kids': Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 26:709-726. [PMID: 32996665 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The menopause is a major transition marked by considerable challenges to health and well-being. Its impact on autistic women has been almost largely ignored but is of significant concern, given the poorer physical and mental health, emotion regulation and coping skills, and the common social isolation of this group. We aimed to explore awareness and perception of the menopause; menopausal experiences and their impact across each individual's life; ways that menopause with autism might differ from a non-autistic menopause; and what optimal support might look like. DESIGN A qualitative interview study. METHODS Comprehensive interviews were conducted with 17 autistic participants (16 of whom identified as cisgender women). Inductive thematic analysis was used, guided by IPA principles and literature. RESULTS Four major themes were identified: (1) covering the long journey of our participants to recognizing autism in adulthood; (2) menopausal awareness and perceptions; (3) symptoms and their impact; and (4) ways that a neurodiverse menopause might differ from the norm. Menopausal experiences varied greatly and some participants experienced marked deterioration in daily function and coping skills, mental health, and social engagement. Menopausal awareness was often low, so too was confidence in help from health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the potential for menopause to severely compromise health and well-being of autistic people and indicate an area of underserved support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Druce
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Is there any association between age at menarche and anthropometric indices? A 15-year follow-up population-based cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:1379-1388. [PMID: 32146570 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropometric indices (AI) have been known to be associated with age at menarche (AAM). The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the changes in AI and its association with AAM in a community-based population in Iran. From among 10,192 women, we included 6818, aged ≥ 10 years, who were post-menarche at the time of entering the study and their AAM ranged between 8 and 18 years. Study subjects were divided into groups by tertiles birth cohort (BC) (born ≤ 1939, 1940-1969, and ≥ 1970) and AAM (≤ 11, 12-15, and ≥ 16 years). Generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between changes of AI in different BCs with AAM groups. Overall mean of AAM was 13.5 ± 1.4 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly increased over time more in those with early AAM (≤ 11 years) compared to those with AAM ≥ 16 years; changes in mean BMI of 1.24 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.32, 2.15), 2.61 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.90, 3.33), and 3.99 kg/m2 (95% CI 2.46, 5.51) in BC ≥ 1970, BC (1940-1969), and, BC ≤ 1939, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings showed an inverse association of AAM with mean BMI, waist to height ratio, and waist circumference, an association weaker in younger women compared to other age groups. What is Known: • Limited data are available on the association of menarcheal age with anthropometric indices. • Previous studies reported conflicting and inclusive results of this association. What is New: • Our results can provide beneficial information on the association of menarcheal age with anthropometric indices based on different age groups. • This long follow-up study shows an association of menarcheal age with anthropometric indices which are stronger in older women except for height.
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Moseley RL, Druce T, Turner-Cobb JM. 'When my autism broke': A qualitative study spotlighting autistic voices on menopause. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1423-1437. [PMID: 32003226 PMCID: PMC7376624 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319901184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic girls are known to struggle with the onset of menstruation, reporting that during their period, sensory sensitivities are heightened, it becomes more difficult to think clearly and control their emotions and they struggle more with everyday life and self-care. Yet surprisingly, nothing is known about how autistic women handle the menopausal transition in midlife. In non-autistic women, the menopause brings many physical changes and challenging symptoms from hot flushes to feeling more anxious and depressed. Because autistic women are already vulnerable to suicide, poor physical and mental health, and because they may already struggle with planning, controlling their emotions and coping with change, the menopause may be an especially challenging time. Yet, not one single study exists on the menopause in autism, so we conducted an online discussion (focus group) with seven autistic women. They confirmed that very little is known about menopause in autistic people, very little support is available and that menopause might be especially difficult for autistic people. Autism-related difficulties (including sensory sensitivity, socializing with others and communicating needs) were reported to worsen during the menopause, often so dramatically that some participants suggested they found it impossible to continue to mask their struggles. Participants also reported having extreme meltdowns, experiencing anxiety and depression, and feeling suicidal. This study highlights how important it is that professionals pay attention to menopause in autism, and discusses future research directions.
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Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Terry MB. DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:803-810. [PMID: 30759253 PMCID: PMC6695310 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous Child Health and Development Studies report, p, p'-DDT was associated with a fivefold increased risk of premenopausal (before age 50 years) breast cancer for women first exposed before puberty. Here we extend our observation to breast cancer diagnosed during early postmenopause (ages 50-54 years) to determine whether age at diagnosis modifies the interaction of DDT with age at exposure. METHODS We conducted a second prospective, nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies (153 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 50-54 years and 432 controls matched to cases on birth year). These were analyzed separately and pooled with our previous study (129 breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 31-49 years and 129 controls matched on birth year). Blood samples were obtained during pregnancy (median age, 26 years), 1-3 days after delivery from 1959 to 1967 in Oakland, California. Serum was assayed for p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDE. Odds ratios (ORs) below are given for doubling of serum p, p'-DDT. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS For early postmenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk for all women (ORDDT 50-54 = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.67). This association was accounted for by women first exposed to DDT after infancy (ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure after infancy = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.96 to 4.10 vs ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure during infancy = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.19; Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure = .01). In contrast, for premenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk among women first exposed during infancy through puberty, but not after (ORDDT<50 for first exposure during infancy = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.22 to 11.26, Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure x age at diagnosis = .03). CONCLUSIONS p, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years. Risk depended on timing of first exposure and diagnosis age, suggesting susceptibility windows and an induction period beginning in early life. DDT appears to be an endocrine disruptor with responsive breast targets from in utero to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
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Paganini-Hill A, Corrada MM, Kawas CH. Prior endogenous and exogenous estrogen and incident dementia in the 10th decade of life: The 90+ Study. Climacteric 2020; 23:311-315. [PMID: 32107945 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1727876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure with risk of incident dementia in the oldest-old (age 90+ years).Methods: Participants were part of The 90+ Study, a longitudinal study begun in 2003 of aging and dementia among people aged 90+ years. Menstrual, reproductive, and menopausal data were collected in the 1980s as part of the population-based Leisure World Cohort Study. Cognitive status at baseline was determined from an in-person neurological evaluation with biannual follow-up through June 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) of dementia associated with estrogen-related variables were estimated using Cox regression analysis. No adjustment was made for multiple comparisons.Results: A total of 424 women without dementia at baseline had at least one follow-up evaluation. The mean age was 68.5 years at enrollment in the Leisure World Cohort Study, 93.2 years at enrollment in The 90+ Study, and 96.5 years at last follow-up. During follow-up (mean 3.4 years) dementia was diagnosed in 209 (49%) participants. No individual menstrual, reproductive, menopausal, or estrogen replacement variable was associated with risk of incident dementia after age 90 years. However, women with a high endogenous estrogen exposure index (summarizing exposure from menarche to menopause) had a non-significant 25% lower risk (HR = 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.53-1.06).Conclusions: Prior exposure to estrogen, endogenous or exogenous, had little effect on risk of dementia in the 10th decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paganini-Hill
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C H Kawas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Hoyt LT, Niu L, Pachucki MC, Chaku N. Timing of puberty in boys and girls: Implications for population health. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100549. [PMID: 32099893 PMCID: PMC7030995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is marked by substantial increases and emerging sex differences in psychological disorders and risky behaviors. However, few studies have examined these effects beyond adolescence, and the previous literature has been dominated by samples of White girls. The current study examines the broadest known set of health sequelae related to traditional pubertal markers and peer-relative pubertal timing in a representative sample of 14,545 U.S. youth from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Maturational timing was assessed by age at menarche for girls and physical development for boys (e.g., facial hair, voice change), and then categorized as early (1 SD below mean), on-time, or late (1 SD above mean) within-sex. Early and late peer-relative timing was assessed by a self-report of looking “much older” or “much younger” than one's peers. We examined psychological (depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior), behavioral (number of sex partners, drug use, physical activity, screen time, sleep hours), and physical health (self-reported health, BMI) outcomes during adolescence and young adulthood in a series of sex-stratified regression analyses using survey weights and a comprehensive set of sociodemographic covariates. Results indicated that, overall, earlier pubertal timing (i.e., maturational timing and peer-relative timing) put both girls and boys at risk during adolescence, while later timing was protective. However, longitudinal models revealed mixed results. For instance, early maturational timing was associated with higher young adult BMI (girls: β = 0.139, p < .01; boys: β = 0.107, p < .01), but later timing for boys was associated with both risky (e.g., more screen time; β = 0.125, p < .05) and health promoting (e.g., more sleep; β = .296, p < .01) behaviors. Analysis of this holistic set of outcomes with sex differences in mind allows for more careful evidence-based recommendations for adolescent health promotion. Early or late puberty predicts health, but there is little longitudinal research. Perceived pubertal development relative to peers also predicts health outcomes. Links between pubertal timing and long-term health were more pervasive for girls. Adolescent psychological symptoms and health behaviors explain long-term links. Results point to the need for high-quality puberty education early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Hoyt
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Li Niu
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark C Pachucki
- Sociology & Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Chaku
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
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Fiacco S, Mernone L, Ehlert U. Psychobiological indicators of the subjectively experienced health status - findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:16. [PMID: 31996204 PMCID: PMC6988289 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy aging is particularly important in women, as their life-span is generally longer than men's, leaving women at higher risk for age-related diseases. Understanding determinants of women's healthy aging is therefore a major public health interest. Clinical utility of previous research is limited, through its focus on either single psychosocial or biological predictors. The present study investigated psychobiological predictors of women's healthy aging, for the first time including positive psychological traits and biomarkers of healthy aging. METHODS Totally, 121 generally healthy women aged 40 to 75 were investigated cross-sectionally. Healthy aging was operationalized via self-rated health (SRH). To gain a nuanced view of the particularities at the upper end of the illness-wellness continuum, women with excellent SRH and those with good SRH were analyzed as distinct groups. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables, health behavior, resilience, optimism, and self-worth as well as menopausal symptoms, and levels of steroid hormones and gonadotropins were considered as predictors of SRH. Binary logistic regression analyses using the forward conditional method were performed with the two health status groups as dependent variable. RESULTS Women with a lower body mass index (BMI; OR = .59, 95% CI = .33-1.03), higher intensive physical activity (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.06-4.86), and higher resilience (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.34-4.18) were more likely to rate their health as excellent compared to good. No clinically significant differences could be found regarding endocrine levels. CONCLUSION Psychobiological indicators (lower BMI, intensive physical activity, higher resilience) discriminated SRH at the top level of the health spectrum. In healthy women, the predictive value of endocrine markers seems to be secondary. Interventions targeting these indicators could promote women's healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fiacco
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.,URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mernone
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.,URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland. .,URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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No pills, more skills: The adverse effect of hormonal contraceptive use on exposure therapy benefit. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:95-101. [PMID: 31590077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal contraceptive use can aggravate existing symptoms of anxiety and depression and influence the response to pharmacologic treatment. The impact of hormonal contraceptive use on non-pharmacological treatment efficacy in anxiety disorders is less well explored. Oral contraceptives, which suppress endogenous sex hormone secretion, can alter fear extinction learning. Fear extinction is considered the laboratory proxy of exposure therapy in anxiety disorders. This study set out to examine whether oral contraceptive use is related to exposure-based treatment response in specific phobia. We recruited spider-phobic women (n = 28) using oral contraceptives (OC) and free-cycling women (n =26, No-OC). All participants were subjected to an identical in-vivo exposure. Exposure-based symptom improvement was assessed with several behavioral and subjective indices at pre-treatment, post-treatment and six-weeks follow-up. No-OC women showed higher pre-exposure fear levels on the FSQ and SPQ. OC women showed slightly less pronounced exposure benefit compared to their free-cycling counterparts (No-OC woman) as reflected by lower levels of fear reduction from pre-treatment to follow-up on the subjective level. After correction for multiple testing, OC and No-OC women showed differences in self-report measures (SPQ, FAS and SBQ) from pre- to follow-up treatment but not from pre-to post-treatment. These findings implicate that oral contraceptive use can account for differential exposure-based fear symptom improvement. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring and managing hormonal contraceptives use in the context of non-pharmacological exposure-based interventions.
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Fonseca MJ, Oliveira A, Azevedo I, Nunes J, Santos AC. Association of Pubertal Development With Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Health in Girls and Boys-Findings From the Generation XXI Birth Cohort. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:558-563. [PMID: 31377165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early timing of pubertal development is associated with worse cardiometabolic health in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate this association in 10-year-old girls and boys and clarify if it is independent of previous body mass index (BMI). METHODS Pubertal development was evaluated through the Tanner scale in 4,548 children from the birth cohort Generation XXI. Data on anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were collected. Bonferroni correction was applied, using an alpha of .004 for statistical significance. Regression coefficients and 99.6% confidence intervals were computed using linear regression models. RESULTS Girls with a Tanner stage ≥2 presented statistically significant higher values of BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, fat mass index, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lower values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Boys with a Tanner stage ≥2 presented statistically significant higher values of BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure, and HOMA-IR and lower values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjustment, including previous BMI, a Tanner stage ≥2 remained associated with BMI z-score (girls β = .41 [.32, .50]; boys β = .10 [.01, .19]) and WC (girls β = 2.64 cm [1.86, 3.43]; boys β = .81 cm [.11, 1.51]), and only in girls with waist-to-height ratio (β = .01 [.00, .01]), fat mass index (β = .31 kg/m2 [.08; .54]), glucose (β = 1.59 mg/dL [.85, 2.33]), insulin (β = 1.73 μU/mL [.68, 2.78]), and HOMA-IR (β = .40 [.16, .64]). CONCLUSIONS Independently of previous BMI, preteens with early puberty already had more adiposity at age 10 years. In addition, girls had higher glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR, which may predict a worse glucose metabolism. These preteens should be a target for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Fonseca
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Azevedo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ginecologia-Obstetrícia e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Luz Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yang J, Zhang L, Cao LL, Qi J, Li P, Wang XP, Sun XL. MicroRNA-99a is a Potential Target for Regulating Hypothalamic Synaptic Plasticity in the Peri/Postmenopausal Depression Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091081. [PMID: 31540304 PMCID: PMC6769887 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that there is a growing trend of menopausal women suffering from depression. However, the pathogenesis of menopausal depression still remains unclear. Hence, this paper aims to reveal the pathological mechanisms involved in postmenopausal depression by using a novel peri- to postmenopausal depression model induced by a two-step ovariectomy plus chronic mild stress (CMS). The results of metabolic chambers and serum hormone/cytokine determination revealed that peri/postmenopausal depressive mice exhibited endocrine and metabolic disorders. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that the hippocampal synaptic transmission was compromised. Compared to the sham group, the microRNA-99a (miR-99a) level decreased significantly in the hypothalamus, and its target FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) enormously increased; in contrast, the nuclear translocation of the progesterone receptor (PR) decreased in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the peri/postmenopausal depression mouse model. Additionally, synaptic proteins, including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYN), showed a similar decrease in the hypothalamus. Accordingly, the present work suggests that miR-99a may be involved in the regulation of hypothalamic synaptic plasticity and that it might be a potential therapeutic target for peri/postmenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jun Qi
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xi-Peng Wang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Spiegel DR, Sommese K, Turenkov A, Naimon N. A CASE OF PERIPARTUM OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: The Potential Role of Corticosteroids, Gonadal Steroids, and the Neuropeptide Oxytocin in its Pathogenesis. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 16:41-45. [PMID: 31440401 PMCID: PMC6659988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period represents a time of increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, including the largely understudied obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In contrast to the gradual onset of typical OCD, postpartum OCD appears to be characterized by the rapid onset of obsessional symptoms after the birth, with onset as early as the second postpartum day with a mean time to onset of 2.2 to 3.7 weeks. We present a case of a patient with prepartum generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and new-onset postpartum OCD. The patient's ego-dystonic obsessions were aggressive in nature ("harm to newborn") with pathological checking compulsions requiring reassurance that she would not engage in this activity. Neurobiologically, there has been speculation that changes in estrogen and progesterone in the puerperium might alter serotoninergic function, placing some women at risk for this subtype of OCD. Some research studies have found evidence to suggest that oxytocin is associated with OCD. We review the growing evidence that suggests oxytocin and gonadal steroids might play a role in the pathogenesis of some forms of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spiegel
- Drs. Spiegel, Sommese, Turenkov, and Naimon are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Kathyrn Sommese
- Drs. Spiegel, Sommese, Turenkov, and Naimon are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Anastasia Turenkov
- Drs. Spiegel, Sommese, Turenkov, and Naimon are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Niels Naimon
- Drs. Spiegel, Sommese, Turenkov, and Naimon are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
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Pandya1 ST, Mogal S, Kulkarni AP. Obstetric ICU: Analysing and Understanding the Data is Important. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019; 23:201-202. [PMID: 31160832 PMCID: PMC6535989 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Pandya ST, Mogal S, Kulkarni AP. Obstetric ICU: Analysing and Understanding the Data is Important. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(5):201-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil T Pandya1
- Department of Surgical and Obstetric Critical Care, Century Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shwetha Mogal
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Medicine and Obstetric Critical Care, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Atul P Kulkarni
- Department of Surgical and Obstetric Critical Care, Century Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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GABA A dysregulation as an explanatory model for late-onset postpartum depression associated with weaning and resumption of menstruation. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:55-63. [PMID: 29968131 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a subgroup of women are particularly vulnerable to affective dysregulation during times of hormonal fluctuation. One underrecognized reproductive transition may be late-onset postpartum depression (PPD) in the context of weaning from breastfeeding and the resumption of menstruation. The goal of this review is to propose a biologically plausible mechanism for affective dysregulation during these transitions. The relationship between affective symptoms and neurohormonal changes associated with weaning will be investigated through a hypothesis-driven review of relevant literature. Neurosteroids, like allopregnanolone (ALLO), are widely recognized for augmenting GABAergic inhibition and having a powerful anxiolytic effect (Belelli D and Lambert JL, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6:565-575, 2005). However, when ALLO is administered after prolonged withdrawal, there may be a paradoxical anxiogenic effect (Smith et al., Psychopharmacology 186:323-333, 2006; Shen et al., Nat Neurosci 10:469-477, 2007). Weaning from breastfeeding is a physiologic example of fluctuating levels of ALLO after prolonged withdrawal. We propose that the complex hormonal milieu during weaning and resumption of menstruation may modify GABAA receptors such that ALLO may contribute to rather than ameliorate depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals. The proposed model provides an initial step for understanding the mechanisms by which the changing hormonal environment during weaning and resumption of menstruation may contribute to an increased risk of depression in a subgroup of women who are hormonally sensitive. Future research investigating this model would be valuable both to identify women at increased risk for developing mood symptoms late in postpartum and to inform treatment for this and related reproductive depressive disorders.
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Fukayama M, Asano Y, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Sato S. Estrogen dermatitis: Case report and examination of estrogen receptor-β in the skin. J Dermatol 2019; 46:263-266. [PMID: 30628111 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many women experience some skin reaction or trouble in their monthly menstrual cycle, including the exacerbation of pre-existing diseases and skin eruptions directly associated with sex hormones. We herein report a Japanese woman who experienced repeated systemic urticaria in her premenstrual period, and was diagnosed as having estrogen dermatitis based on a positive result of intradermal estrogen skin test. Of note, the expression of estrogen receptor-β was increased in small dermal vessels of this case as well as in those of patients with other inflammatory skin diseases. These results suggest that inflammation may induce estrogen receptor-β expression in small dermal vessels, which potentially modifies the pathological skin inflammation during the menstrual period, leading to the development of estrogen dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Fukayama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Neuroticism modulates mood responses to pharmacological sex hormone manipulation in healthy women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:251-256. [PMID: 30390443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women show increased risk of depressive symptoms during hormonal transition phases. The risk mechanisms may include changes in mood in response to fluctuating ovarian hormones moderated by predisposing risk factors for mood disorders, such as personality trait Neuroticism. METHODS A pooled sample of 92 mentally healthy women (28.3 ± 7.1, mean age ± SD) from two independent cohorts run in our lab, using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) experimentally (n = 28) compared to placebo (n = 27) and as part in vitro fertilization (n = 37), were extracted from the Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging database. All women filled in questionnaires of trait Neuroticism from the NEO personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) at baseline and self-reported levels of mood disturbances with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) daily during 14 days of GnRHa intervention or placebo. Effects of intervention by trait Neuroticism on serial daily reports of mood disturbances were examined using mixed model analyses. RESULTS Personality trait Neuroticism significantly modulated daily mood responses to GnRHa, but not placebo. Women with high and low scores on trait Neuroticism at baseline experienced more pronounced changes in mood when exposed to GnRHa, whereas women with medium trait Neuroticism scores remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS The susceptibility to hormone-triggered mood changes appears to depend upon women's general tendency to experience distress and destabilization of mood, as captured by personality trait Neuroticism. This could aid clinicians evaluate hormone-related vulnerability for mood disorders in women and may guide targeted prevention in reproductive care.
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