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Granström F, Wenemark M, Festin K, Good E, Frielingsdorf H, Lowén M, Rystedt I. Impact of the pandemic on leisure physical activity and alcohol consumption. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1589. [PMID: 38872148 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated heightened morbidity and elevated mortality attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pandemic also influenced health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine changes in leisure PA and alcohol consumption in Sweden during the pandemic, and elucidate potential discrepancies in changes across demographic strata and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Data were retrieved from two waves of the longitudinal cohort study Life conditions, Stress and Health (LSH) (n = 2,523). Two measures of change were used; longitudinal change relative to baseline (2012-2015) and reported change compared to before the pandemic. For these two change measures, differences between sex, age group and SES were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Regardless of the change measure, the proportion of individuals with diminished PA was notably higher among females compared to males. Furthermore, relative to baseline, females were less likely to have increased their PA, however according to the reported change they were more likely to have increased PA. Longitudinal change in PA compared to baseline followed a reversed age gradient, while, according to reported change, a decrease in PA during the pandemic was most prevalent in respondents 45 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.8, CI: 1.2-2.5) and respondents 50 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.2-2.4). High SES was associated with a greater variability in PA. Alcohol consumption was generally reduced during the pandemic. However, individuals aged 40 or 45 years at baseline were more likely than others to have initiated risky alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Females exhibited a greater propensity to alter their PA levels during the pandemic, with the most profound decreases observed among individuals of working ages. Despite a general downturn in alcohol consumption, individuals aged 40 and 45 had a heightened likelihood of having initiated risky alcohol consumption compared to individuals in other age cohorts. In conclusion, societal restrictions during a pandemic render a dual impact on PA levels. While posing a risk for decreased PA among individuals in working ages, the restrictions also present a potential window of opportunity to increase PA, particularly among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Granström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Marika Wenemark
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Festin
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elin Good
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helena Frielingsdorf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Lowén
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Rystedt
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Mendez I, Strassle PD, Ponce S, Le R, Stewart AL, Nápoles AM. Age-related differences in the association between financial hardship and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30917. [PMID: 38779010 PMCID: PMC11108839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association of financial hardship with weight changes in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used data from the COVID-19's Unequal Racial Burden survey, a nationally representative, cross-sectional, online survey of diverse adults living in the US, 12/2020-2/2021. This study included 1000 Asian, Black, Latino (half Spanish-speaking), and White adults and 500 American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and multiracial adults (5500 total). Age-specific (18-39, 40-59, ≥60) associations between financial hardship domains and weight change were estimated using multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for demographic and health characteristics. Results Financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic was prevalent across all age groups (18-39: 76.2 %; 40-59: 75.6 %; ≥60: 50.6 %). Among adults aged 18-39 and ≥ 60 years old, food insecurity was significantly associated with weight loss (18-39: aOR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 1.04, 1.95; ≥60: aOR = 3.67, 95 % CI = 1.50, 8.98). Among all age groups, unmet healthcare expenses was also associated with weight loss (18-39: aOR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.01, 1.70; 40-59: aOR = 1.49, 95 % CI = 1.06, 2.08; ≥60: aOR = 1.73, 95 % CI = 1.03, 2.91). Among adults aged 18-39 and ≥ 60 years old, lost income was significantly associated with weight gain (18-39: aOR = 1.36, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.69; ≥60: aOR = 1.46, 95 % CI = 1.04, 2.06), and among adults 40-59 years old, experiencing increased debt was significantly associated with weight gain (aOR = 1.50, 95 % CI = 1.13, 1.99). Conclusions For those aged 18-39 and ≥ 60 years old experiencing financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with both weight loss and weight gain. Less correlation was observed among adults aged 40-59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Mendez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paula D. Strassle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Ponce
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Randy Le
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita L. Stewart
- University of California San Francisco, Institute for Health & Aging, Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, USA
| | - Anna M. Nápoles
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Nigatu YT, Elton-Marshall T, Wickens CM, Hamilton HA. The Association of Frequency of Worry About Financial Debt With Substance Use Among Adults in Ontario, Canada. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1190-1199. [PMID: 38514251 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2330902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Financial debt and associated stress might increase the risk of substance use problems or exacerbate existing ones. Little evidence is available about the degree of debt stress and its association with substance use. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of the frequency of worry about debt with heavy episodic drinking (HED), daily smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis use in the past 30 days. METHODS Data were utilized from the 2020/2022 Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older in Ontario, Canada. The surveys employed a web-based panel survey of 6038 adults and collected data on debt-related stress, HED, tobacco smoking, e-cigarettes, and cannabis use in the past 30 days. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Overall, 18.4% of respondents reported that they were worried about their debt most or all of the time. Accounting for household income, educational status, employment status, and other factors, the results revealed that there was a dose-response relationship between the frequency of worry about debt and substance use including daily smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis use in the past 30 days compared to those who were not worried at all about their debt. Sex differences were also found in the association between worry about debt and e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of worry about debt might have an important role in substance use, which suggests that financial well-being is vital in substance use prevention and harm reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kim C, Lee H, Jung-Choi K, Park H. Changes in Adolescent Health Behavior and the Exacerbation of Economic Hardship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study From the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:18-27. [PMID: 38327013 PMCID: PMC10861325 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggravation of economic hardship by COVID-19 and the subjective economic status of the family were used as exposure variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the prevalence odds ratios (PORs). RESULTS Severe exacerbation of a family's economic hardship due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with the health behaviors of adolescents, including increased breakfast skipping (POR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 2.21 for boys and POR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92 for girls) and decreased physical activity (POR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57 for boys and POR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60 for girls). These negative changes in health behaviors were further amplified when combined with a low subjective family economic status. CONCLUSIONS The experience of worsening household hardship can lead to negative changes in health behavior among adolescents. It is crucial to implement measures that address the economic challenges that arise from stressful events such as COVID-19 and to strive to improve the lifestyles of adolescents under such circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Kim
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Jung-Choi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate Program in Health System Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Veldhuis CB, Kreski NT, Usseglio J, Keyes KM. Are Cisgender Women and Transgender and Nonbinary People Drinking More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? It Depends. Alcohol Res 2023; 43:05. [PMID: 38170029 PMCID: PMC10760999 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v43.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review of research conducted during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic examines whether alcohol use among cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people increased during the pandemic. The overarching goal of the review is to inform intervention and prevention efforts to halt the narrowing of gender-related differences in alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS Eight databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Gender Studies Database, GenderWatch, and Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between March 2020 and July 2022, that reported gender differences or findings specific to women, transgender or nonbinary people, and alcohol use during the pandemic. The search focused on studies conducted in the United States and excluded qualitative research. SEARCH RESULTS A total 4,132 records were identified, including 400 duplicates. Of the remaining 3,732 unique records for consideration in the review, 51 were ultimately included. Overall, most studies found increases in alcohol use as well as gender differences in alcohol use, with cisgender women experiencing the most serious consequences. The findings for transgender and nonbinary people were equivocal due to the dearth of research and because many studies aggregated across gender. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use by cisgender women seems to have increased during the pandemic; however, sizable limitations need to be considered, particularly the low number of studies on alcohol use during the pandemic that analyzed gender differences. This is of concern as gender differences in alcohol use had been narrowing before the pandemic; and this review suggests the gap has narrowed even further. Cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people have experienced sizable stressors during the pandemic; thus, understanding the health and health behavior impacts of these stressors is critical to preventing the worsening of problematic alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B Veldhuis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Bazo-Alvarez JC, Villarreal-Zegarra D, Lázaro-Illatopa WI, Manrique-Millones D, Ipanaqué-Zapata M, Garcia MJ, Bazo-Alvarez O, Goicochea-Ríos E, Valle-Salvatierra W, García-Serna JE. Differences in family functioning before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study in Peruvian families. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16269. [PMID: 38089908 PMCID: PMC10712306 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on family relationships, as several families have lost family members due to COVID-19 pandemic and become physically and emotionally estranged due to lockdown measures and critically economic periods. Our study contrasted two hypotheses: (1) family functioning changed notably before and after the COVID-19 pandemic initiation in terms of cohesion, flexibility, communication and satisfaction; (2) balanced families have a greater capacity to strictly comply with quarantine (i.e., social confinement), compared to unbalanced families. We performed an observational study comparing family functioning between two independent groups, evaluated before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. A total of 7,980 participants were included in the study. For the first hypothesis, we found that, during the pandemic, families became more balanced in terms of cohesion (adjusted before-during mean difference or β1 = 1.4; 95% CI [1.0-1.7]) and flexibility (β2 = 2.0; 95% CI [1.6-2.4]), and families were less disengaged (β3 = -1.9; 95% CI [-2.3 to -1.5]) and chaotic (β4 = -2.9; 95% CI [-3.3 to -2.4]). Regarding the second hypothesis, we confirmed that families with balanced cohesion (adjusted prevalence ratio or aPR = 1.16; 95% CI [1.12-1.19) and flexibility (aPR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.18-1.27]) allowed greater compliance with quarantine restrictions; while disengaged (aPR = 0.91; 95% CI [0.88-0.93]) and chaotic families (aPR = 0.89; 95% CI [0.87-0.92]) were more likely to partially comply or not comply with the quarantine. Finally, family communication (aPR = 1.17; 95% CI [1.11-1.24]) and satisfaction (aPR = 1.18; 95% CI [1.11-1.25]) also played a role in favouring quarantine compliance. This new evidence enlightens the family systems theory while informing future interventions for improving compliance with quarantine measures in the context of social confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ipanaqué-Zapata
- Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- PSYCOPERU Peruvian Research Institute of Educational and Social Psychology, Lima, Peru
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Korenman S, Hyson RT. Health insurance, labor market shocks, and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 crisis. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101298. [PMID: 37659212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
We use the Census Household Pulse Survey (HPS) to examine employment and earnings loss, health insurance, and hardships related to physical and mental health and health care, as well as food insecurity and difficulty meeting expenses, during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic job loss is strongly associated with uninsurance in the HPS. Moreover, among those who were not employed due to a pandemic economic reason such as a business closure, we find substantial regression-adjusted differences in hardship by insurance status, especially in the domains of mental health, mental health care and financial difficulties (food insufficiency and difficulty paying usual expenses). The uninsured generally, and uninsured job losers especially, were at high risk of untreated or under-treated mental health symptoms. We also find evidence among non-employed persons of substantial differences by gender and race/ethnicity in uninsurance, mental health symptoms and unmet needs for mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanders Korenman
- Austin W. Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College, CUNY and CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Rosemary T Hyson
- Austin W. Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College, CUNY and CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Choi KW, Waite LJ, Finch LE, Kotwal AA. Social Isolation and Worsening Health Behaviors Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1903-1916. [PMID: 37591797 PMCID: PMC10645306 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine the relationship between social isolation, poor health behaviors, and the perceived worsening of older adults' health behaviors following the coronavirus outbreak. We assess the extent to which psychological pathways mediate the relationship between social isolation and worsening health behaviors. METHODS Drawing on data from the National Social Life Health and Aging Project Round 3 (2015) and its coronavirus immune disease 2019 (COVID-19) substudy (2020; N = 2,549), we use generalized linear models to explore how indicators of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic-infrequent in-person contact with friends and family in 2020 and decreased in-person contact with friends and family since COVID-19 started-are associated with (1) poor health behaviors (low physical activity, drinks per week, smoking, and poor sleep) in 2020 and (2) perceived worsening of health behaviors (reports of decreased physical activity, increased drinking and smoking, and feeling less rested) since the pandemic started. RESULTS Infrequent in-person contact was not associated with poor health behaviors. Decreases in in-person contact, on the other hand, were associated with worsening health behaviors. Older adults who reported decreases in in-person contact were more likely to perceive a decrease in physical activity, an increase in drinking, and feeling less rested. Emotional well-being, particularly loneliness compared to anxiety or depressive feelings, partially mediated the relationship between perceived worsening of health behaviors and a decrease in in-person contact with friends, and to a lesser extent, with family. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that in-person contact may play a distinct role in shaping older adults' well-being during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Choi
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda J Waite
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura E Finch
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashwin A Kotwal
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Hagenbeck C, Soff J, Mause L, Hoffmann J, Ohnhäuser T, Stöcker A, Zöllkau J, Scholten N. Gynaecologists' perceptions of outpatient gynaecologic and obstetric care in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1079. [PMID: 37817213 PMCID: PMC10566176 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on society, affecting medical care as well as the utilization of medical services. We aimed to identify pandemic-related changes in gynaecologic/obstetric care through the personal experience of practitioners in the outpatient sector in Germany. Three consecutive anonymous online surveys of practising gynaecologists were conducted during the pandemic (07-09/2020, 11-12/2020 and 09-11/2021). Appointment management, medical supply and patients' demand as well as concomitant circumstances were queried. Data from 860 (393, 262 and 205 from the first, second and third surveys, respectively) respondents were analysed. At the peak of the first COVID-19 wave, more than 50% of the gynaecologists surveyed had cancelled cancer screening appointments. There was a significant association between fear of self-infection and cancellation of cancer screening appointments (p = 0.006). An increase in domestic violence was reported by 13%, an increase in obesity by 67% and more advanced tumours due to delayed screening by 24% of respondents. Primary gynaecological oncological prevention was reduced in supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this shortfall should be addressed in future similar situations. Prenatal care has been offered continuously since the start of the pandemic in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hagenbeck
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Johannes Soff
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Laura Mause
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Tim Ohnhäuser
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Arno Stöcker
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Janine Zöllkau
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Scholten
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933, Köln, Germany
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10
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Lee S. Exploring the Role of Resilience and Optimism during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Older European Adults. Res Aging 2023; 45:643-653. [PMID: 36696282 PMCID: PMC9892883 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231152570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how resilience and optimism were related to psychological well-being among older European adults during the early pandemic. The study used data sampled from the Eurofound COVID-19 survey conducted in 27 European countries during the first lockdown (April 2020). The study sample included 10,674 older adults (mean age = 69.71 ± 5.15, 68.6% women, 87.3% retired). Using structural equation modeling, the relationship between pandemic adversities, resilience, optimism, and well-being was investigated. Results indicated that resilience and optimism in part mediated the association between adversities and psychological well-being. Resilience and optimism have the potential to help older adults cope with stressful life events and other adversities. Future studies should more precisely explore the role of resilience and optimism, its formation, and the protective mechanisms that promote the psychological well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Lee
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Ramalho S, Martins-Mendes D, Macedo JM, Barros C, Luis C, Sá S, Gestoso Á, Pereira AC, Baylina P, Fernandes R. Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2463. [PMID: 37685496 PMCID: PMC10487180 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramalho
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniela Martins-Mendes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Mário Macedo
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carla Barros
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luis
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sá
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Gestoso
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pilar Baylina
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Escola S. Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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12
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Zarei K, Hamilton-Moseley KR, Chen-Sankey J, Phan L, Ajith A, Hacker K, Jewett B, Choi K. Financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased receipt of commercial tobacco discount coupons among US adults who use commercial tobacco. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057814. [PMID: 37339815 PMCID: PMC10730766 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many individuals experienced financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic; yet commercial tobacco (CT) sales increased in the USA. We examined how experiencing financial hardships relates to increased CT discount coupon reception during the pandemic. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 1700 US adults who used CT during the 12 months prior to the survey were surveyed online during January to February 2021. Participants reported if they had received more discount coupons for various CT products during (compared with before) the pandemic. They also reported whether they experienced six different types of financial hardships since the pandemic, and the total number of hardships experienced was counted. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between financial hardships and increased coupon reception, adjusting for demographics and CT product use. RESULTS During the first 10-11 months of the pandemic, 21.3% of US adults who used CT during the 12 months prior to the survey reported receiving more CT discount coupons. Experiencing financial hardship during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of receiving more coupons for all types of CT products: every additional count of financial hardship was associated with higher odds of increased reception of discount coupons for all CT products (adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.13 to 1.23 across products). CONCLUSIONS Over one-fifth of US adults who used CT received more discount coupons during the pandemic. Those facing financial hardships had higher discount coupon reception, suggesting potential targeted marketing to financially vulnerable individuals by the tobacco industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Zarei
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen R Hamilton-Moseley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lilianna Phan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aniruddh Ajith
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kiana Hacker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bambi Jewett
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Zarei K, Hamilton-Moseley K, Chen-Sankey J, Phan L, Ajith A, Hacker K, Jewett B, Choi K. Financial challenges and hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic and tobacco expenditure minimizing strategies among U.S. adult commercial tobacco users. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107547. [PMID: 36417791 PMCID: PMC9659317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Commercial tobacco (CT) users employ tobacco expenditure minimizing strategies (TEMS) to manage their CT expenditures. We examined how financial challenges and hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic relate to increases in TEMS use. METHODS Data from a nationally representative sample of 1,700 U.S. adult recent former and current CT users were collected from an online panel during January-February 2021. Participants reported if they had increased use of eight TEMS to save money on CT since the pandemic, and experienced financial challenges (e.g., losing a job) and hardships (e.g., not having enough money to pay for food). The number of financial hardships experienced was counted (range: 0-6). Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between financial challenges and hardships and increased TEMS use, adjusting for demographics. RESULTS Since the COVID-19 pandemic, three TEMS showed the largest increase in use by U.S. adult current and recent former CT users: cutting back (22.4%), finding less expensive places to purchase (15.6%), and buying by bulk (15.5%). Many financial challenges and hardships were consistently associated with increased uses of TEMS. Furthermore, every additional count of financial hardships was associated with higher odds of increasing use of each TEMS (AORs ranging between 1.12 and 1.23). CONCLUSIONS Many CT users increased TEMS use to manage their CT expenditures when facing financial challenges and hardships during the pandemic. This could hinder CT cessation and promote relapse. Prohibiting certain TEMS (e.g., discount coupon and price promotions) may promote CT cessation among this financially vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Zarei
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Kristen Hamilton-Moseley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lilianna Phan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aniruddh Ajith
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kiana Hacker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bambi Jewett
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Schmeer KK, Singletary B, Purtell KM, Justice LM. Family Disruption and Parenting During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:112-138. [PMID: 36605180 PMCID: PMC9760521 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211042852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using unique data from an economically and racially diverse sample of 448 caregivers with young children (ages 4-9 years) in Ohio, we assess multiple sources of family social and economic disruptions and their associations with parenting activities during the COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Caregivers reported extensive social and economic challenges during this time, while also increasing (on average) their time spent in play/learning activities. Time spent in discipline was less likely to increase during this period. We found significant associations among disadvantaged social conditions/experiences and parenting, and that some effects were moderated by 2019 household income status. Unexpectedly, changes in economic conditions, particularly caregiver job loss, were associated with higher odds of increases in reading/telling stories time across household income groups. Overall, findings indicate that social conditions associated with the stay-at-home period of COVID-19 might have been more disruptive to parenting for caregivers with young children than the short-term economic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kammi K. Schmeer
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Britt Singletary
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelly M. Purtell
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura M. Justice
- Crane Center for Early Childhood
Research and Policy, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Mikhail ME, Ackerman LS, Culbert KM, Burt SA, Neale MC, Keel PK, Katzman DK, Klump KL. A cotwin control study of associations between financial hardship and binge eating phenotypes during COVID-19. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:132-142. [PMID: 36300949 PMCID: PMC9851975 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 was associated with significant financial hardship and increased binge eating (BE). However, it is largely unknown whether financial stressors contributed to BE during the pandemic. We used a longitudinal, cotwin control design that controls for genetic/environmental confounds by comparing twins in the same family to examine whether financial hardship during COVID-19 was associated with BE. METHODS Female twins (N = 158; Mage = 22.13) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry rated financial stressors (e.g., inability to afford necessities) daily for 49 consecutive days during COVID-19. We first examined whether financial hardship was associated with BE phenotypes across the full sample. We then examined whether cotwins who differed on financial hardship also differed in BE. RESULTS Participants who experienced greater mean financial hardship across the study had significantly greater dimensional BE symptoms, and participants who experienced greater financial hardship on a given day reported significantly more emotional eating that day. These results were replicated in cotwin control analyses. Twins who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin across the study reported greater dimensional BE symptoms than their cotwin, and participants who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin on a given day reported greater emotional eating that day. Results were identical when restricting analyses to monozygotic twins, suggesting associations were not due to genetic confounds. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that BE-related symptoms may be elevated in women who experienced financial hardship during COVID-19 independent of potential genetic/environmental confounds. However, additional research in larger samples is needed. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Little is known regarding how financial difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to increased binge eating (BE). We found preliminary evidence that financial hardship during COVID-19 may be associated with greater rates of BE-related symptoms even when comparing twins from the same family. While additional research is needed, results suggest that people who experienced financial hardship during COVID-19 may be at increased risk for BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Mikhail
- Department of PsychologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Kristen M. Culbert
- Department of PsychologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of PsychologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of PsychologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Debra K. Katzman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of PsychologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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16
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Siddhpuria S, Webber C, Mahar AL, Hallet J, Rochon PA, Reppas‐Rindlisbacher C. Predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 71:553-560. [PMID: 36222188 PMCID: PMC9874605 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of psychological distress for older adults during a period of reduced access to mental health support. We identified predictors of persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults throughout the initial 9 months of the pandemic. METHODS This was a longitudinal study using web-based surveys sent to a convenience sample of Canadians aged ≥55 years. A baseline survey was sent in May 2020, with eight surveys sent monthly between June 2020 and January 2021. Data were separated into three study periods, corresponding to coronavirus case rates. Respondents who met predetermined thresholds for elevated depressive or anxiety symptoms using standardized mental health scales during all three periods were defined as having persistent symptoms. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to compare the risk of persistent symptoms across respondent characteristics selected a priori. RESULTS There were 835 respondents who answered questions about depressive symptoms and 865 who answered questions about anxiety symptoms across all three study periods. Among those with complete follow-up data, 19.2% (n = 159/827) reported persistent depressive symptoms and 16.4% (n = 140/856) reported persistent anxiety symptoms. Respondents with persistent depressive symptoms were more likely to be women (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.71; 95% CI 1.19-2.46), and report multimorbidity (aRR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07-1.97), pre-existing depression (aRR 2.00; 95% CI 1.45-2.77) and pre-existing anxiety (aRR 1.50; 95% CI 1.10-2.06). The same respondent characteristics were correlates of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Older women, older adults with pre-existing depression and anxiety, and those with multimorbidity were more likely to report persistent mental health symptoms during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. These individuals were known to have elevated risk prior to the pandemic, and expanded interventions targeted to these groups are necessary to adequately address their mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailee Siddhpuria
- Undergraduate Education, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Colleen Webber
- Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada,Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Alyson L. Mahar
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Julie Hallet
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paula A. Rochon
- Women's Age LabWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Christina Reppas‐Rindlisbacher
- Women's Age LabWomen's College Research Institute, Women's College HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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17
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Duncan DT, Park SH, Chen YT, Mountcastle H, Pagkas-Bather J, Timmins L, Kim B, Hanson H, Koli K, Durrell M, Makarem N, Eavou R, Bharadwaj K, Schneider JA. Sleep characteristics among black cisgender sexual minority men and black transgender women during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of multi-level COVID-19-related stressors. Sleep Health 2022; 8:440-450. [PMID: 36075791 PMCID: PMC9444827 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between individual, network, and structural COVID-19-related stressors and changes in sleep duration and quality among Black cisgender sexual minority men (SMM) and Black transgender women during the COVID-19 peak infectivity rate in Chicago. METHODS From April 20, 2020 to July 31, 2020, we conducted the N2 COVID Study in Chicago (n = 226). The survey included questions regarding multi-level COVID-19-related stressors (eg, food unavailability, partner violence, housing instability, concern about neighborhood COVID-19), sleep duration, and sleep quality. RESULTS About 19.5% of our sample reported a shorter duration of sleep during the initial peak COVID-19 infectivity, while 41.2% reported more sleep and 38.9% reported about the same. Compared to the prepandemic period, 16.8% reported that their sleep quality worsened in the COVID-19 pandemic, while 27.9% reported their sleep quality had improved and 55.3% reported it was about the same. In multivariable models, we found that ≥1 day of physical stress reaction, worrying about being infected with COVID-19, traveling during COVID-19 being a financial burden, not having enough medication, knowing someone who was diagnosed with COVID-19, partner violence and housing instability were associated with poor sleep health in the COVID-19 pandemic (adjusted risk ratio: 1.82-3.90, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that COVID-19-related stressors impacted poor sleep duration and quality during the pandemic among this cohort. Multi-level interventions to reduce COVID-19-related stressors (eg, meditation, intimate partner violence prevention and housing programs) may be useful for improving sleep health among Black cisgender sexual minority men and Black transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yen-Tyng Chen
- Department of Public Health, William Paterson University of New Jersey, Wayne, New Jersey, USA; Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hayden Mountcastle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jade Pagkas-Bather
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liadh Timmins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Byoungjun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hillary Hanson
- Survey Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kangkana Koli
- Survey Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mainza Durrell
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Eavou
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevalyn Bharadwaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA; Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - John A Schneider
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Crown School of Social Work, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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18
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Santa-Ramírez HA, Wisniak A, Pullen N, Zaballa ME, Pennacchio F, Lorthe E, Dumont R, Baysson H, Guessous I, Stringhini S. Socio-economic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Geneva, Switzerland. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874252. [PMID: 36211707 PMCID: PMC9545483 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection and its health consequences have disproportionally affected disadvantaged socio-economic groups globally. This study aimed to analyze the association between socio-economic conditions and having developed antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2 in a population-based sample in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods Data was obtained from a population-based serosurvey of adults in Geneva and their household members, between November and December, 2020, toward the end of the second pandemic wave in the canton. Participants were tested for antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2. Socio-economic conditions representing different dimensions were self-reported. Mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted for each predictor to test its association with seropositive status as the main outcome. Results Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine adults completed the study questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Retired participants and those living in suburban areas had lower odds of a seropositive result when compared to employed participants (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.87) and those living in urban areas (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.97), respectively. People facing financial hardship for less than a year had higher odds of a seropositive result compared to those who had never faced them (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.01-4.95). Educational level, occupational position, and household income were not associated with being seropositive, nor were ethnicity or country of birth. Discussion While conventional measures of socio-economic position did not seem to be related to the risk of being infected in this sample, this study sheds lights on the importance of examining the broader social determinants of health when evaluating the differential impact of the pandemic within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ania Wisniak
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nick Pullen
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roxane Dumont
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Silvia Stringhini
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19
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Burd C, MacGregor JCD, Ford-Gilboe M, Mantler T, McLean I, Veenendaal J, Wathen N. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Staff in Violence Against Women Services. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221117595. [PMID: 36002949 PMCID: PMC9412141 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been harmful to survivors of abuse. Less understood is the impact on staff in the violence against women (VAW) service sector. Using interpretive description methodology, we examined staff experiences during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada, and found four core themes: (1) the emotional toll of the work; (2) remote (doesn't) work; (3) work restructuring; (4) efforts to stay well and subthemes nuancing staff experiences in a sector vulnerable to vicarious trauma. This research underscores the need to mitigate experiences of stress, heavy workloads, and guilt for staff in VAW services during crises and provides action-oriented recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Burd
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, Canada,Caitlin Burd, Western University, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | | | | | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Isobel McLean
- School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jill Veenendaal
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Nadine Wathen
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
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20
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Salazar-Fernández C, Mawditt C, Palet D, Haeger PA, Román Mella F. Changes in the clustering of health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: examining predictors using latent transition analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1446. [PMID: 35906590 PMCID: PMC9338510 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on daily life, affecting both physical and mental health. Changes arising from the pandemic may longitudinally impact health-related behaviors (HRB). As different HRBs co-occur, in this study, we explore how six HRBs - alcohol (past-week and binge-drinking), tobacco, marijuana, benzodiazepine use, and unhealthy food consumption - were grouped and changed over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 1038 university students and staff (18 to 73 years old) of two universities completed an online psychometrically adequate survey regarding their recalled HRB (T0, pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and the impact of COVID-19 on their behaviors during July (T1) and November (T2). Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) was used to identify HRB cluster membership and how clusters changed across T0, T1, and T2. Four clusters emerged, but remained mainly stable over time: ‘Lower risk’ (65.2–80%), ‘Smokers and drinkers’ (1.5–0.01%), ‘Binge-drinkers and marijuana users’ (27.6–13.9%), and ‘Smokers and binge-drinkers’ (5.6–5.8%). Participants who moved from one cluster to another lowered their HRB across time, migrating from the ‘Binge-drinkers and marijuana users’ cluster to ‘Lower risk’. Participants in this cluster were characterized as less affected economically by the COVID-19 pandemic, with lower reported stress levels, anxiety, depression, and loneliness than the other clusters. Our results provide evidence of how HRBs clustered together and transitioned longitudinally during the COVID-19 pandemic. HRB clustering across time offers a valuable piece of information for the tailoring of interventions to improve HRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Salazar-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54D, 4811230, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Análisis de Datos, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Daniela Palet
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54D, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Francisca Román Mella
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54D, 4811230, Temuco, Chile.
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21
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Han B, Guan H. Associations between new health conditions and healthcare service utilizations among older adults in the United Kingdom: effects of COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:356. [PMID: 35459104 PMCID: PMC9030688 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health services are critically important for older adults, particularly during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income may seriously impact health services by feasibility and accessibility. Therefore, the aim of the present study was empirically to explore how health-seeking behaviors are influenced by new health conditions through COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income. Methods Data were from ELSA COVID-19 waves 1 and 2 which included a sample of 6952 and 6710 older adults in the United Kingdom, respectively. The frequency distribution analyses were conducted by Chi-square analysis by gender groups. Zero-inflated Poisson regressions were used to examine how worse financial situation and lowered income were associated with COVID-19 risks and new health conditions. Logistic regressions were employed to examine the associations of COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income with treatment cancellation and accessible care. Cross-sectional mediation models, cross-sectional moderation models, longitudinal mediation models, and longitudinal moderation models were conducted based on Hayes model 6, Hayes model 29, Montoya model 1, and Montoya model 2, respectively. Results Most of the sample was >65 years old, females, located in urban place, and involved in long-standing condition. Regression analysis showed that COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income were associated with treatment cancellation and accessible care. In the longitudinal mediations, effect coefficients of ‘X’ → (treatment cancellation in wave 1 (Tcn1)- treatment cancellation in wave 2 (Tcn2))(β = −.0451, p < .0001, low limit confidence interval (LLCI) = −.0618, upper limit confidence interval (ULCI) = −.0284), ‘X’ → (COVID-19 risks in wave 1 (Csk1)- COVID-19 risks in wave 2 (Csk2)) (β = .0592, p < .0001, LLCI = .0361, ULCI = .0824), and ‘X’ → (lowered income in wave 1 (CIn1)- lowered income in wave 2 (CIn2)) (β = −.0351, p = .0001, LLCI = -.0523, ULCI = -.0179) were significant. Additionally, effect coefficients of ‘X’ → (accessible care in wave 1 (Acr1)- accessible care in wave 2 (Acr2)) (β = .3687, p < .0001, LLCI = .3350, ULCI = .4025),'X’ → (Csk1- Csk2) (β = .0676, p = .0005, LLCI = .0294, ULCI = .1058), and ‘X’ → (worse financial situation in wave 1- worse financial situation in wave 2) (β = −.0369, p = .0102, LLCI = -.0650, ULCI = -.0087) were significant. Conclusions There were longitudinal mediating effects of COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income on the relationship between new health conditions and treatment cancellation and relationship between new health conditions and accessible care. These findings suggest that worse financial situation, lowered income, and COVID-19 risks exerted an influence on the relationship between new health conditions and treatment cancellation and relationship between new health conditions and accessible care among older adults. Findings suggest that longitudinal mediations may be important components of interventions aiming to meet service needs. Long-term health policy implications indicate the need for reducing COVID-19 risks, improving financial situation, and increasing income among the targeted population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02995-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Han
- International Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,Family Issues Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China. .,Xuchang Urban Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China. .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
| | - Hongyi Guan
- Grade 6 Class 7, Xuchang Municipal Xingye Road Primary School, Xuchang, Henan, China
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22
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Samuel LJ, Dwivedi P, Hladek M, Cudjoe TKM, Drazich BF, Li Q, Szanton SL. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic-related financial challenges on mental health and well-being among U.S. older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:1629-1641. [PMID: 35393645 PMCID: PMC9115091 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite profound financial challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a gap in estimating their effects on mental health and well‐being among older adults. Methods The National Health and Aging Trends Study is an ongoing nationally representative cohort study of US older adults. Outcomes included mental health related to COVID‐19 (scores averaged across eight items ranging from one to four), sleep quality during COVID‐19, loneliness during COVID‐19, having time to yourself during COVID‐19, and hopefulness during COVID‐19. Exposures included income decline during COVID‐19 and financial difficulty due to COVID‐19. Propensity score weighting produced covariate balance for demographic, socioeconomic, household, health, and well‐being characteristics that preceded the pandemic to estimate the average treatment effect. Sampling weights accounted for study design and non‐response. Results In weighted and adjusted analyses (n = 3257), both income decline during COVID‐19 and financial difficulty due to COVID‐19 were associated with poorer mental health related to COVID‐19 (b = −0.159, p < 0.001 and b = −0.381, p < 0.001, respectively), poorer quality sleep (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86 and OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.58, respectively), more loneliness (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.02 and OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.96, 3.77, respectively), and less time to yourself (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.72 and OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.51, respectively) during COVID‐19. Conclusions Pandemic‐related financial challenges are associated with worse mental health and well‐being regardless of pre‐pandemic characteristics, suggesting that they are distinct social determinants of health for older adults. Timely intervention is needed to support older adults experiencing pandemic‐related financial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Samuel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Melissa Hladek
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas K M Cudjoe
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Qiwei Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression in the population. These are associated with unhealthy eating patterns and sedentary behaviour. In turn, this may increase risk of obesity or aggravate it. This narrative review discusses the link between adverse mental health states and weight related behaviours. We present emerging evidence for this phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with and without pre-existing obesity. RECENT FINDINGS A sizeable proportion of the population exhibits deterioration in mental health during the pandemic and those affected often report unhealthy weight-related behaviours such as "junk food" consumption and physical inactivity. Women, individuals with obesity, and those with pre-existing mental health conditions seem to be particularly at risk for overeating in response to stress (i.e. emotional eating). A number of psychological interventions including cognitive behavioural therapy and self-compassion may be effective in improving mental health and emotional eating patterns among the general population and particularly in individuals living with obesity. There is a need to complement efforts to improve mental health in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic with targeted action to improve physical activity levels and healthy eating particularly among groups at-risk. This may be achieved by reducing disruptions to specialist and primary healthcare services and facilitating access to psychological interventions that address stress-related eating behaviours. Additional studies that examine such interventions, especially those that are delivered remotely, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat C Melamed
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter Selby
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Lifestyles of University Students: A Spanish Online Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020309. [PMID: 35206922 PMCID: PMC8871949 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students’ lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.
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25
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Ryu S, Fan L. The Relationship Between Financial Worries and Psychological Distress Among U.S. Adults. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2022; 44:16-33. [PMID: 35125855 PMCID: PMC8806009 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-022-09820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the association between financial worries and psychological distress among US adults and tests its moderating effects by gender, marital status, employment status, education, and income levels. Data were derived from the cross-sectional 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the adult population. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that higher financial worries were significantly associated with higher psychological distress. Additionally, the association between financial worries and psychological distress was more pronounced among the unmarried, the unemployed, lower-income households, and renters than their counterparts. The findings suggest that accessible financial counseling programs and public health intervention programs are needed to mitigate financial worries and its negative influences on overall psychological health, with greater attention devoted to vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ryu
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, 2101 Van Munching Hall, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Financial Planning, Housing and Consumer Economics, University of Georgia, 205 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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26
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Acuff SF, Strickland JC, Tucker JA, Murphy JG. Changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 and associations with contextual and individual difference variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:1-19. [PMID: 34807630 PMCID: PMC8831454 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study meta-analyzed studies examining changes in alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and systematically reviewed contextual and individual difference factors related to these changes. METHOD Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol, studies were gathered via PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and preprint databases (published April 29, 2021) that examined individual-level changes in consumption during the initial COVID-19 mitigation measures (before October 2020). Next, sample proportion increases and decreases in consumption, in addition to mean change in consumption variables from pre- to during-COVID, were meta-analyzed, and contextual and individual difference variables related to consumption changes during the pandemic were summarized. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-eight studies provided data from 58 countries (M n = 3,876; Mdn n = 1,092; aggregate sample n = 492,235). The average mean change in alcohol consumption was nonsignificant (Cohen's d = -0.01, p = .68); however, meta-analysis revealed that 23% of participants reported increases in consumption and 23% reported decreases. These changes were moderated by per capita gross domestic product and country. Narrative synthesis revealed multiple predictors of increased drinking, including contextual changes (e.g., children at home, income loss, working remotely), individual difference variables (being female, a young-to-middle aged adult, or Black), and mental health/alcohol-related risk factors (e.g., depression). CONCLUSIONS The identified factors associated with increased alcohol consumption should be considered in planning behavioral health services during future crisis events that abruptly alter everyday environments in ways that increase stress and decrease access to naturally occurring rewards. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Jalie A Tucker
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, University of Florida
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27
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Lanfranchi D, Grassi L. Examining insurance companies' use of technology for innovation. THE GENEVA PAPERS ON RISK AND INSURANCE. ISSUES AND PRACTICE 2021; 47:520-537. [PMID: 34803334 PMCID: PMC8593633 DOI: 10.1057/s41288-021-00258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insurance industry is innovating. Business models, services and processes are rapidly evolving, largely backed by technological developments. The particular historical context of COVID-19 provides a suitable case to understand the relevance of exploiting technology to react quickly to traditional and emerging risks. Focusing on the initiatives put in place by the most influential insurance companies at the global level, we have framed the innovation mechanisms in the industry, highlighting four rationales underpinning these initiatives (Adaption, Expansion, Reaction and Aggression), which differ according to the relevance of the technology in use and innovation to the portfolio of risks covered. Overall, it emerges that insurance companies have the room and capability to innovate, in many cases using technological applications to cover new and existing risks. While the initiatives studied concern the entire value chain, basic primary activities, such as product development, sales and claims management, show that innovation based on new or existing technology determines the success and competitiveness of the business.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Grassi
- School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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28
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Ross CS, Babor TF, Bartholow BD, DeJong W, Fitzgerald N, Jackson KM, Jernigan DH, Naimi TS, Noel JK, Petticrew M, Severi K, Siegel MB, Stockwell T, Tori M, Xuan Z. Call to restore funding to monitor youth exposure to alcohol advertising. Addiction 2021; 116:2922-2923. [PMID: 34060173 DOI: 10.1111/add.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Ross
- Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Babor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - William DeJong
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David H Jernigan
- Department of Health Law Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy S Naimi
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Noel
- Department of Health Science, Johnson and Wales University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Health Policy Research Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katherine Severi
- Chief Executive Officer, Institute of Alcohol Studies, London, UK
| | - Michael B Siegel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Tori
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess alcohol consumption during the coronavirus epidemic in Russia.Materials and methods – retail sales of alcoholic beverages, which account for about 70% of the alcohol market in the country, as well as online inquiries for the delivery of illegal vodka were assessed. The assessment of changes was made on the basis of a comparison of the period March 2020-March 2021 with the average 2018–2019, and in the case of sales growth in 2018–2019 – based on average and linear regression. Internet requests for the delivery of vodka were obtained from the portals Google Trends and Yandex. The purchasing power of the population was assessed by the dynamics of the real money incomes of the population of the Russian Federation.Results – sales changes were ambiguous, both for different drinks, and in the two waves of the epidemic. Alcohol spirits increased both in the frst (by 2.2%) and in the second half of the year (by 1.2%), despite a decrease in cognac sales due to an increase in MRP by 11.6% from January 2020. Wine sales decreased during the epidemic, but this is due to a number of administrative and legislative measures, as well as a twofold decline in production. During the epidemic, retail beer sales grew by 4.5% in the frst half of the year, and decreased by 3.4% in the second. Internet searches for the illegal delivery of vodka rose sharply at the very beginning of the epidemic (after March 22, 2020) and two weeks later reached a maximum (202.9 thousand per week; Yandex), exceeding the February level by 2.7 times. Further, the dynamics of online searches corresponded to the waves of the epidemic.Conclusions. The coronavirus epidemic was accompanied by an increase in the consumption of hard alcohol from various sources. It has been suggested that distress was the dominant factor in the growth of strong alcohol consumption during the coronavirus epidemic, despite the decline in the purchasing power of the population, especially during the second wave of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Nemtsov
- National Scientifc Center for Addiction Medicine of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - R. V. Gridin
- Consumer Market Development Center, Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO
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30
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Xu JJ, Chen JT, Belin TR, Brookmeyer RS, Suchard MA, Ramirez CM. Male-Female Disparities in Years of Potential Life Lost Attributable to COVID-19 in the United States: A State-by-State Analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.05.02.21256495. [PMID: 33972951 PMCID: PMC8109188 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.02.21256495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Males are at higher risk relative to females of severe outcomes following COVID-19 infection. Focusing on COVID-19-attributable mortality in the United States (U.S.), we quantify and contrast years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to COVID-19 by sex based on data from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics as of 31 March 2021, specifically by contrasting male and female percentages of total YPLL with their respective percent population shares and calculating age-adjusted male-to-female YPLL rate ratios both nationally and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Using YPLL before age 75 to anchor comparisons between males and females and a novel Monte Carlo simulation procedure to perform estimation and uncertainty quantification, our results reveal a near-universal pattern across states of higher COVID-19-attributable YPLL among males compared to females. Furthermore, the disproportionately high COVID-19 mortality burden among males is generally more pronounced when measuring mortality in terms of YPLL compared to age-irrespective death counts, reflecting dual phenomena of males dying from COVID-19 at higher rates and at systematically younger ages relative to females. The U.S. COVID-19 epidemic also offers lessons underscoring the importance of a public health environment that recognizes sex-specific needs as well as different patterns in risk factors, health behaviors, and responses to interventions between men and women. Public health strategies incorporating focused efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccinations among men are particularly urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J. Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jarvis T. Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas R. Belin
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald S. Brookmeyer
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christina M. Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Astell-Burt T, Feng X. Time for 'Green' during COVID-19? Inequities in Green and Blue Space Access, Visitation and Felt Benefits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2757. [PMID: 33803166 PMCID: PMC7967263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that visits to green and blue spaces may have enabled respite, connection and exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, but such benefits might have been inequitably distributed due to differences in financial difficulties, opportunities to work from home, and localized restrictions in spatial mobility generated by 'lockdowns'. A nationally representative online and telephone survey conducted in 12-26 October on the Social Research Centre's Life in AustraliaTM panel (aged ≥ 18 y, 78.8% response, N = 3043) asked about access, visitation, and felt benefits from green and/or blue spaces. Increasing financial difficulty was associated with less time in and fewer visits to green and/or blue spaces, as well as fewer different types visited. Financial difficulty was also associated with feelings that visits to green and/or blue space had less benefit for maintaining social connection. Working from home was associated with more frequent and longer visitation to green and/or blue spaces, as well as discovery of ones previously unvisited. Working from home was also associated with increased levels of exercise and respite resulting from visits to green and/or blue spaces. Residents of Melbourne, a city of 4.9 million who were in 'lockdown' at the time of the survey, appeared more likely to benefit from visits to green and/or blue spaces than residents of Sydney, Australia's largest city at 5.2 million, who were not in lockdown. Residents of Melbourne compared with Sydney reported consistently increased visitation of, discovery of, and greater levels of various felt benefits derived from green and/or blue spaces, including more respite, connection, and exercise. Comparatively shorter distances to preferred green and/or blue spaces and closure of alternative settings at the time of the survey completion in Melbourne compared with Sydney may provide partial explanation, though more acute responses to experiencing green and/or blue spaces within highly cognitively demanding antecedent conditions posed by lockdown are also plausible and warrant further investigation with other health indicators. These results were robust to adjustment for a range of covariates including preferences for natural settings, which were consistently associated with greater levels of green and/or blue space visitation and felt benefits. Collectively, these results indicate that parallel efforts to generate (or renew) felt connection to natural settings, to increase working from home opportunities, and to mitigate financial difficulties may be important to help maximize the population health benefits of urban planning strategies intended to improve the availability of, and to reduce inequities in access to, green and blue spaces. Benefits felt more commonly by people living through lockdown underlines the role previous investments in green and blue space have played in enabling coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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