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Palmero Casanova B, Albentosa González L, Maringer K, Sabariegos R, Mas A. A conserved role for AKT in the replication of emerging flaviviruses in vertebrates and vectors. Virus Res 2024; 348:199447. [PMID: 39117146 PMCID: PMC11364138 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
One third of all emerging infectious diseases are vector-borne, with no licensed antiviral therapies available against any vector-borne viruses. Zika virus and Usutu virus are two emerging flaviviruses transmitted primarily by mosquitoes. These viruses modulate different host pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Here, we report the effect on ZIKV and USUV replication of two AKT inhibitors, Miransertib (ARQ-092, allosteric inhibitor) and Capivasertib (AZD5363, competitive inhibitor) in different mammalian and mosquito cell lines. Miransertib showed a stronger inhibitory effect against ZIKV and USUV than Capivasertib in mammalian cells, while Capivasertib showed a stronger effect in mosquito cells. These findings indicate that AKT plays a conserved role in flavivirus infection, in both the vertebrate host and invertebrate vector. Nevertheless, the specific function of AKT may vary depending on the host species. These findings indicate that AKT may be playing a conserved role in flavivirus infection in both, the vertebrate host and the invertebrate vector. However, the specific function of AKT may vary depending on the host species. A better understanding of virus-host interactions is therefore required to develop new treatments to prevent human disease and new approaches to control transmission by insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Palmero Casanova
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de la UCLM (IB-UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Albentosa González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de la UCLM (IB-UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; Facultad de farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Kevin Maringer
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Rosario Sabariegos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de la UCLM (IB-UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; Unidad asociada de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. C/Altagracia 50, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Mas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de la UCLM (IB-UCLM), C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; Facultad de farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02008 Albacete, Spain; Unidad asociada de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. C/Altagracia 50, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Singh S, Ahmad F, Aruri H, Das S, Parajuli P, Gavande NS, Singh PK, Kumar A. Novel quinoline substituted autophagy inhibitors attenuate Zika virus replication in ocular cells. Virus Res 2024; 347:199419. [PMID: 38880335 PMCID: PMC11239713 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging RNA virus that is known to cause ocular and neurological abnormalities in infants. ZIKV exploits autophagic processes in infected cells to enhance its replication and spread. Thus, autophagy inhibitors have emerged as a potent therapeutic target to combat RNA viruses, with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being one of the most promising candidates. In this study, we synthesized several novel small-molecule quinoline derivatives, assessed their antiviral activity, and determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Among the nine synthesized analogs, two lead candidates, labeled GL-287 and GL-382, significantly attenuated ZIKV replication in human ocular cells, primarily by inhibiting autophagy. These two compounds surpassed the antiviral efficacy of HCQ and other existing autophagy inhibitors, such as ROC-325, DC661, and GNS561. Moreover, unlike HCQ, these novel analogs did not exhibit cytotoxicity in the ocular cells. Treatment with compounds GL-287 and GL-382 in ZIKV-infected cells increased the abundance of LC3 puncta, indicating the disruption of the autophagic process. Furthermore, compounds GL-287 and GL-382 effectively inhibited the ZIKV-induced innate inflammatory response in ocular cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates the safe and potent antiviral activity of novel autophagy inhibitors against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hariprasad Aruri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Prahlad Parajuli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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3
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Nelemans T, Tas A, Kikkert M, van Hemert MJ. Usutu virus NS4A suppresses the host interferon response by disrupting MAVS signaling. Virus Res 2024; 347:199431. [PMID: 38969013 PMCID: PMC11292556 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging flavivirus that can infect birds and mammals. In humans, in severe cases, it may cause neuroinvasive disease. The innate immune system, and in particular the interferon response, functions as the important first line of defense against invading pathogens such as USUV. Many, if not all, viruses have developed mechanisms to suppress and/or evade the interferon response in order to facilitate their replication. The ability of USUV to antagonize the interferon response has so far remained largely unexplored. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays we observed that multiple of the USUV nonstructural (NS) proteins were involved in suppressing IFN-β production and signaling. In particular NS4A was very effective at suppressing IFN-β production. We found that NS4A interacted with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and thereby blocked its interaction with melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), resulting in reduced IFN-β production. The TM1 domain of NS4A was found to be essential for binding to MAVS. By screening a panel of flavivirus NS4A proteins we found that the interaction of NS4A with MAVS is conserved among flaviviruses. The increased understanding of the role of NS4A in flavivirus immune evasion could aid the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Nelemans
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Tas
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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4
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Pagliari C, Quaresma JAS, Dos-Santos WLC, Duarte MIS, Carvalho LV, Penny R, Kanashiro-Galo L, Vasconcelos PFC, Sotto MN. Mechanisms of programmed cell death associated to severe dengue in human renal lesions. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106794. [PMID: 39025381 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health problem. Severe dengue can manifest with hemorrhage and signs of organ dysfunction, including the kidneys. The innate immune system is an important barrier against arbovirus infection and, specifically in dengue, the cytokines IL1β and IL18 and caspase-1 activation make up a set of host immune strategies. Cell death mechanisms include pyroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy, each with peculiar markers: gasdermin, RIPK3/MLKL, LC3, respectively. In DENV infection, necrosis and apoptosis are involved and, when infecting monocytes and macrophages in vitro, DENV is capable of inducing pyroptosis. Our objective was to explore the presence of markers of necroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy in renal lesions caused by DENV. MATERIAL AND METHODS twenty specimens of lesions from patients who died due to DENV infection, from the pathology department of Hospital Guilherme Álvaro, Santos, SP, were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical studies. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to evaluate tissue changes or collected for research with antibodies: anti-DENV (Instituto Evandro Chagas-PA), RIPK3 (NBP2-45592), MLKL (ab184718), gasdermin D (#36425), LC3 (14600-AP), caspase 1 (#98033), IL1β (AF201-NA) and IL18 (SC6178). Semi-quantitative analysis was performed on 20 glomeruli and evaluation on tubules and mononuclear cells. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the USP Faculty of Medicine. RESULTS histological analysis demonstrated glomerular congestion, glomerulitis (medium to severe), acute kidney injury and hyalinization of the glomeruli. Viral antigens were visualized on mononuclear cells. LC3 (autophagy) expression ranged from moderate to intense (++/+++) in glomeruli, tubules and mononuclear cells. The expression of gasdermin (pyroptosis) was mild (+) in most cases in the glomeruli and moderate (++) in the tubules. RIPK3 and MLKL (necroptosis) mild in tubules and mononuclear cells (+). The expression of the cytokines IL1β and IL18 and caspase 1 was moderate (++). Statistical analysis showed greater expression of LC3 over the others. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of renal involvement in severe dengue, considering the likely anti-viral mechanism of autophagy. To a lesser extent, pyroptosis is also present, corroborating previous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pagliari
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - J A S Quaresma
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, PA, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade do Estado do Para, PA, Brazil
| | | | - M I S Duarte
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L V Carvalho
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica - Hospital Garcia de Orta EPE, ULS Almada, Seixal, Portugal
| | - R Penny
- Hospital Guilherme Álvaro, Serviço de Verificação de Óbito, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - L Kanashiro-Galo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P F C Vasconcelos
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, PA, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade do Estado do Para, PA, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhao C, Chen J, Liu Z, Liang H, Chen X, Cheng L, Xie S, Lin Z, Wu R, Zhao Q, Xue Y, Lai X, Jin X, Xu JF, Su X. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit limits Zika viral infection via promoting autophagy and ferroptosis. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2641-2661. [PMID: 38822526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve regulates viral infection and inflammation via the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR); however, the role of α7 nAChR in ZIKA virus (ZIKV) infection, which can cause severe neurological diseases such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, remains unknown. Here, we first examined the role of α7 nAChR in ZIKV infection in vitro. A broad effect of α7 nAChR activation was identified in limiting ZIKV infection in multiple cell lines. Combined with transcriptomics analysis, we further demonstrated that α7 nAChR activation promoted autophagy and ferroptosis pathways to limit cellular ZIKV viral loads. Additionally, activation of α7 nAChR prevented ZIKV-induced p62 nucleus accumulation, which mediated an enhanced autophagy pathway. By regulating proteasome complex and an E3 ligase NEDD4, activation of α7 nAChR resulted in increased amount of cellular p62, which further enhanced the ferroptosis pathway to reduce ZIKV infection. Moreover, utilizing in vivo neonatal mouse models, we showed that α7 nAChR is essential in controlling the disease severity of ZIKV infection. Taken together, our findings identify an α7 nAChR-mediated effect that critically contributes to limiting ZIKV infection, and α7 nAChR activation offers a novel strategy for combating ZIKV infection and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Vaccine Center, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huabin Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Vaccine Center, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lianping Cheng
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shitao Xie
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhekai Lin
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renlan Wu
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lai
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Vaccine Center, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Vaccine Center, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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6
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Yang X, Wang Z, Xie S, Liang Z, Wei N, Pan J, Zhao Y, Cao R. JEV infection leads to dysfunction of lysosome by downregulating the expression of LAMP1 and LAMP2. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110150. [PMID: 38861863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), the predominant cause of viral encephalitis in many Asian countries, affects approximately 68,000 people annually. Lysosomes are dynamic structures that regulate cellular metabolism by mediating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Here, we showed that lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and LAMP2 were downregulated in cells after JEV infection, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of acidified lysosomes and impaired lysosomal catabolism. What's more, JEV nonstructural protein 4B plays key roles in the reduction of LAMP1/2 via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. JEV NS4B also promoted abnormal aggregation of SLA-DR, an important component of the swine MHC-II molecule family involved in antigen presentation and CD4+ cell activation initiation. Mechanistically, NS4B localized to the ER during JEV infection and interacted with GRP78, leading to the activation of ER stress-mediated autophagy. The 131-204 amino acid (aa) region of NS4B is essential for autophagy induction and LAMP1/2 reduction. In summary, our findings reveal a novel pathway by which JEV induces autophagy and disrupts lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengda Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenjie Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ning Wei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhui Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yundi Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruibing Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Metzler AD, Tang H. Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis-Research and Understanding. Pathogens 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 39057782 PMCID: PMC11279898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is prominently associated with microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers as well as Guillain-Barré Syndrome in adults. Each cell type infected by ZIKV-neuronal cells (radial glial cells, neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes, microglia cells, and glioblastoma stem cells) and non-neuronal cells (primary fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and Sertoli cells)-displays its own characteristic changes to their cell physiology and has various impacts on disease. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the ZIKV life cycle and its cellular targets, and discuss the current knowledge of how infections cause neuropathologies, as well as what approaches researchers are currently taking to further advance such knowledge. A key aspect of ZIKV neuropathogenesis is virus-induced neuronal apoptosis via numerous mechanisms including cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, ER stress, and the unfolded protein response. These, in turn, result in the activation of p53-mediated intrinsic cell death pathways. A full spectrum of infection models including stem cells and co-cultures, transwells to simulate blood-tissue barriers, brain-region-specific organoids, and animal models have been developed for ZIKV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Merabova N, Ugartemendia L, Edlow AG, Ibarra C, Darbinian N, Tatevosian G, Goetzl L. Maternal obesity: sex-specific in utero changes in fetal brain autophagy and mTOR. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1136-1143. [PMID: 38644654 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity affects 39.7% of reproductive-age women in the United States. Emerging research has suggested that in utero exposure to maternal obesity is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, but knowledge of underlying mechanisms in human samples is lacking. METHODS A matched case-control study was performed in women with singleton fetuses who were undergoing elective pregnancy termination at gestational ages 15 to 21 weeks. Maternal adiponectin levels from plasma were measured using ELISA kits. RNA was extracted from fetal brain tissue using RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN). mRNA expression from ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, MTOR, ATG5, ATG7, BECN1, and MAP1LC3B was quantified through the ΔΔCt method and using GAPDH as a housekeeping gene. RESULTS We have identified transcription patterns associated with inhibition of autophagy in male fetal brain tissue exposed to maternal obesity (↑MTOR, ↓ATG5, ↓ATG7, and ↓MAP1LC3B), with female fetuses demonstrating either no change in transcription or nonsignificant changes associated with increased autophagy. There was significant downregulation of the autophagy-associated gene BECN1 in both male and female individuals who were exposed to obesity in utero. CONCLUSIONS We present novel evidence suggesting that in utero exposure to maternal obesity in humans may significantly affect neurodevelopment, especially in male fetuses, through alterations in normal autophagy molecular mechanisms and with adiponectin as a potential mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Merabova
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lierni Ugartemendia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Ibarra
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nune Darbinian
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Leite-Aguiar R, Cristina-Rodrigues F, Ciarlini-Magalhães R, Dantas DP, Alves VS, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Neris RLS, Schmitz F, Silveira JS, Kurtenbach E, Wyse ATS, Clarke JR, Figueiredo CP, Assunção-Miranda I, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. ATP-P2X7 signaling mediates brain pathology while contributing to viral control in perinatal Zika virus infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:318-333. [PMID: 38460804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of Zika fever, is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. Zika virus infection has become an international concern due to its association with severe neurological complications such as fetal microcephaly. Viral infection can induce the release of ATP in the extracellular environment, activating receptors sensitized by extracellular nucleotides, such as the P2X7 receptor. This receptor is the primary purinergic receptor involved in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunity. In this work, we investigated the role of ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling in Zika-related brain abnormalities. Wild-type mice (WT) and P2X7 receptor-deficient (P2X7-/-) C57BL/6 newborn mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 106plaque-forming units of ZIKV or mock solution. P2X7 receptor expression increased in the brain of Zika virus-infected mice compared to the mock group. Comparative analyses of the hippocampi from WT and P2X7-/-mice revealed that the P2X7 receptor increased hippocampal damage in CA1/CA2 and CA3 regions. Doublecortin expression decreased significantly in the brains of ZIKV-infected mice. WT ZIKV-infected mice showed impaired motor performance compared to P2X7-/- infected mice. WT ZIKV-infected animals showed increased expression of glial markers GFAP (astrocytes) and IBA-1 (microglia) compared to P2X7-/- infected mice. Although the P2X7 receptor contributes to neuronal loss and neuroinflammation, WT mice were more efficient in controlling the viral load in the brain than P2X7 receptor-deficient mice. This result was associated with higher induction of TNF-α, IFN-β, and increased interferon-stimulated gene expression in WT mice than P2X7-/-ZIKV-infected. Finally, we found that the P2X7 receptor contributes to inhibiting the neuroprotective signaling pathway AKT/mTOR while stimulating the caspase-3 activation, possibly two distinct pathways contributing to neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that ATP-P2X7 receptor signaling contributes to the antiviral response in the brain of ZIKV-infected mice while increasing neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and related brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Leite-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ciarlini-Magalhães
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pereira Dantas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gavino-Leopoldino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Leão Silva Neris
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Rosauro Clarke
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Jassey A, Jackson WT. Viruses and autophagy: bend, but don't break. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:309-321. [PMID: 38102460 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive cellular process of degradation required to maintain homeostasis and turn over spent organelles and aggregated proteins. For some viruses, the process can be antiviral, degrading viral proteins or virions themselves. For many other viruses, the induction of the autophagic process provides a benefit and promotes viral replication. In this Review, we survey the roles that the autophagic pathway plays in the replication of viruses. Most viruses that benefit from autophagic induction block autophagic degradation, which is a 'bend, but don't break' strategy initiating but limiting a potentially antiviral response. In almost all cases, it is other effects of the redirected autophagic machinery that benefit these viruses. This rapid mechanism to generate small double-membraned vesicles can be usurped to shape membranes for viral genome replication and virion maturation. However, data suggest that autophagic maintenance of cellular homeostasis is crucial for the initiation of infection, as viruses have evolved to replicate in normal, healthy cells. Inhibition of autophagic degradation is important once infection has initiated. Although true degradative autophagy is probably a negative for most viruses, initiating nondegradative autophagic membranes benefits a wide variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagie Jassey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William T Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Yang X, Liu R, Du Y, Mei C, Zhang G, Wang C, Yang Y, Xu Z, Li W, Liu X. circRNA_8521 promotes Senecavirus A infection by sponging miRNA-324 to regulate LC3A. Vet Res 2024; 55:43. [PMID: 38581048 PMCID: PMC10996121 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) causes outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs, which imposes a considerable economic burden on the pork industry. As current SVA prevention measures are ineffective, new strategies for controlling SVA are urgently needed. Circular (circ)RNA is a newly characterized class of widely expressed, endogenous regulatory RNAs, which have been implicated in viral infection; however, whether circRNAs regulate SVA infection remains unknown. To investigate the influence of circRNAs on SVA infection in porcine kidney 15 (PK-15) cells, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the circRNA expression profiles of SVA-infected and uninfected PK-15 cells, the interactions between circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs potentially implicated in SVA infection were predicted using bioinformatics tools. The prediction accuracy was verified using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, Western blotting, as well as dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The results showed that 67 circRNAs were differentially expressed as a result of SVA infection. We found that circ_8521 was significantly upregulated in SVA-infected PK-15 cells and promoted SVA infection. circ_8521 interacted with miR-324. miR-324 bound to LC3A mRNA which inhibited the expression of LC3A. Knockdown of LC3A inhibited SVA infection. However, circ_8521 promoted the expression of LC3A by binding to miR-324, thereby promoting SVA infection. We demonstrated that circ_8521 functioned as an endogenous miR-324 sponge to sequester miR-324, which promoted LC3A expression and ultimately SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Yang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yunsha Du
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Caiqiu Mei
- Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Guangneng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Animal Biotechnology Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Chen B, Du C, Wang M, Guo J, Liu X. Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:129-153. [PMID: 38680680 PMCID: PMC11046574 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In the field of biomedical research, organoids represent a remarkable advancement that has the potential to revolutionize our approach to studying human diseases even before clinical trials. Organoids are essentially miniature 3D models of specific organs or tissues, enabling scientists to investigate the causes of diseases, test new drugs, and explore personalized medicine within a controlled laboratory setting. Over the past decade, organoid technology has made substantial progress, allowing researchers to create highly detailed environments that closely mimic the human body. These organoids can be generated from various sources, including pluripotent stem cells, specialized tissue cells, and tumor tissue cells. This versatility enables scientists to replicate a wide range of diseases affecting different organ systems, effectively creating disease replicas in a laboratory dish. This exciting capability has provided us with unprecedented insights into the progression of diseases and how we can develop improved treatments. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the progress made in utilizing organoids as preclinical models, aiding our understanding and providing a more effective approach to addressing various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cijie Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Hasan ME, Samir A, Khalil MM, Shafaa MW. Bioinformatics approach for prediction and analysis of the Non-Structural Protein 4B (NSP4B) of the Zika virus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100336. [PMID: 38494248 PMCID: PMC10860876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nonstructural Protein (NSP) 4B of Zika virus of 251 amino acids from (ZIKV/Human/POLG_ZIKVF) with accession number (A0A024B7W1), Induces the production of Endoplasmic Reticulum ER-derived membrane vesicles, which are the sites of viral replication. To understand the physical basis of how proteins fold in nature and to solve the challenge of protein structure prediction, Ab-initio and comparative modeling are crucial tools. RESULTS The systematic in silico technique, ThreaDom, had only predicted one domain (4 - 190) of NSP4B. I-TASSER, and Alphafold were ranked as the best servers for full-length 3-D protein structure predictions of NSP4B, where the predicted models were evaluated quantitatively using benchmarked metrics including C-score (-3.43), TM-score (0.77949), RMSD (2.73), and Z-score (1.561). The functional and protein binding motifs were realized using motif databases, secondary and surface accessibility predictions combined with Post-Translational Modification Sites (PTMs) prediction. Two highly conserved protein-binding motifs (Flavi NS4B and Bacillus papRprotein), together with three (PTMs) (Casein Kinase II, Myristyl site, and ASN-Glycosylation site) were predicted utilizing the Motif scan and Scanprosite servers. These patterns and PTMs were associated with NSP4B's role in triggering the development of the viral replication complex and its participation in the localization of NS3 and NS5 on the membrane. Only one hit from Structural Classification of Protein (SCOP) matched the protein sequence at positions 10 to 397 and was categorized six-hairpin glycosidases superfamily according to CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, and Homology). Integrating this NSP4B information with the templates' SCOP and CATH annotations achieves it easier to attribute structure-function/evolution links to both previously known and recently discovered protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
| | - Aya Samir
- Physics Department, Medical Biophysics Division, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Khalil
- Physics Department, Medical Biophysics Division, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat W Shafaa
- Physics Department, Medical Biophysics Division, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Link N, Harnish JM, Hull B, Gibson S, Dietze M, Mgbike UE, Medina-Balcazar S, Shah PS, Yamamoto S. A Zika virus protein expression screen in Drosophila to investigate targeted host pathways during development. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050297. [PMID: 38214058 PMCID: PMC10924231 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health concern. Although adult infections are typically mild, maternal infection can lead to adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding how ZIKV proteins disrupt development can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease caused by this virus, which includes microcephaly. In this study, we generated a toolkit to ectopically express ZIKV proteins in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster in a tissue-specific manner using the GAL4/UAS system. We used this toolkit to identify phenotypes and potential host pathways targeted by the virus. Our work identified that expression of most ZIKV proteins caused scorable phenotypes, such as overall lethality, gross morphological defects, reduced brain size and neuronal function defects. We further used this system to identify strain-dependent phenotypes that may have contributed to the increased pathogenesis associated with the outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas in 2015. Our work demonstrates the use of Drosophila as an efficient in vivo model to rapidly decipher how pathogens cause disease and lays the groundwork for further molecular study of ZIKV pathogenesis in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Link
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J. Michael Harnish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brooke Hull
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shelley Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miranda Dietze
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Silvia Medina-Balcazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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15
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Camacho-Concha N, Santana-Román ME, Sánchez NC, Velasco I, Pando-Robles V, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Insights into Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3316. [PMID: 38137537 PMCID: PMC10741857 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant public health threat, reaching pandemic levels in 2016. Human infection with ZIKV can manifest as either asymptomatic or as an acute illness characterized by symptoms such as fever and headache. Moreover, it has been associated with severe neurological complications in adults, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, and devastating fetal abnormalities, like microcephaly. The primary mode of transmission is through Aedes spp. mosquitoes, and with half of the world's population residing in regions where Aedes aegypti, the principal vector, thrives, the reemergence of ZIKV remains a concern. This comprehensive review provides insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV and highlights the key cellular pathways activated upon ZIKV infection. Additionally, we explore the potential of utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytocompounds as promising strategies to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Camacho-Concha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - María E. Santana-Román
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Nilda C. Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Pando-Robles
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
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16
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El Safadi D, Paulo-Ramos A, Hoareau M, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaicken W, Lebeau G. The Influence of Metabolism on Immune Response: A Journey to Understand Immunometabolism in the Context of Viral Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2399. [PMID: 38140640 PMCID: PMC10748259 DOI: 10.3390/v15122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism has shed light on the pivotal role that cellular metabolism plays in both the activation of immune cells and the development of immune programs. The antiviral response, a widely distributed defense mechanism used by infected cells, serves to not only control infections but also to attenuate their deleterious effects. The exploration of the role of metabolism in orchestrating the antiviral response represents a burgeoning area of research, especially considering the escalating incidence of viral outbreaks coupled with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Here, we present a review of current knowledge regarding immunometabolism and the antiviral response during viral infections. Initially, we delve into the concept of immunometabolism by examining its application in the field of cancer-a domain that has long spearheaded inquiries into this fascinating intersection of disciplines. Subsequently, we explore examples of immune cells whose activation is intricately regulated by metabolic processes. Progressing with a systematic and cellular approach, our aim is to unravel the potential role of metabolism in antiviral defense, placing significant emphasis on the innate and canonical interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daed El Safadi
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Aurélie Paulo-Ramos
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Mathilde Hoareau
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Marjolaine Roche
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Campus Santé de Terre Sainte, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France; (A.P.-R.)
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- PIMIT—Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (D.E.S.); (M.R.); (P.K.-T.)
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17
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Mysorekar I, Michita R, Tran L, Bark S, Kumar D, Toner S, Jose J, Narayanan A. Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3674059. [PMID: 38106210 PMCID: PMC10723532 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3674059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e., transmission from mother to fetus) yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induce tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts and multiple other mammalian cell types. Amongst investigated flaviviruses, only ZIKV strains trigger TNTs. We show that ZIKV-induced TNTs facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. ZIKV TNT formation is driven exclusively via its non-structural protein 1 (NS1); specifically, the N-terminal region (50 aa) of membrane-bound NS1 is necessary and sufficient for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry of cells infected with wild-type NS1 or non-TNT forming NS1 (pNS1ΔTNT) proteins, we found mitochondrial proteins are dominant NS1-interacting partners, consistent with the elevated mitochondrial mass we observed in infected trophoblasts. We demonstrate that mitochondria are siphoned via TNTs from healthy to ZIKV-infected cells, both homotypically and heterotypically, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduced viral replication in trophoblast cells. Finally, ZIKV strains lacking TNT capabilities due to mutant NS1 elicited a robust antiviral IFN-λ 1/2/3 response, indicating ZIKV's TNT-mediated trafficking also allows ZIKV cell-cell transmission that is camouflaged from host defenses. Together, our findings identify a new stealth mechanism that ZIKV employs for intercellular spread among placental trophoblasts, evasion of antiviral interferon response, and the hijacking of mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. Discerning the mechanisms of ZIKV intercellular strategies offers a basis for novel therapeutic developments targeting these interactions to limit its dissemination.
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18
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Zhai H, Wang T, Liu D, Pan L, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Autophagy as a dual-faced host response to viral infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289170. [PMID: 38125906 PMCID: PMC10731275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy selectively degrades viral particles or cellular components, either facilitating or inhibiting viral replication. Conversely, most viruses have evolved strategies to escape or exploit autophagy. Moreover, autophagy collaborates with the pattern recognition receptor signaling, influencing the expression of adaptor molecules involved in the innate immune response and regulating the expression of interferons (IFNs). The intricate relationship between autophagy and IFNs plays a critical role in the host cell defense against microbial invasion. Therefore, it is important to summarize the interactions between viral infections, autophagy, and the host defense mechanisms against viruses. This review specifically focuses on the interactions between autophagy and IFN pathways during viral infections, providing a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms utilized or evaded by different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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19
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Sarratea MB, Alberti AS, Redolfi DM, Truant SN, Iannantuono Lopez LV, Bivona AE, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL. Zika virus NS4B protein targets TANK-binding kinase 1 and inhibits type I interferon production. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130483. [PMID: 37802371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During viral infections, nucleic acid sensing by intracellular receptors can trigger type I interferon (IFN-I) production, key mediators in antiviral innate immunity. However, many flaviviruses use non-structural proteins to evade immune sensing favoring their survival. These mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied the role of Zika virus (ZIKV) NS4B protein in the inhibition of IFN-I induction pathway and its biophysical interaction with host proteins. METHODS Using different cell-based assays, we studied the effect of ZIKV NS4B in the activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), NF-κB, cytokines secretion and the expression of interferon-stimulating genes (ISG). We also analyzed the in vitro interaction between recombinant ZIKV NS4B and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). RESULTS Transfection assays showed that ZIKV NS4B inhibits IRFs activation involved in different nucleic acid sensing cascades. Cells expressing NS4B secreted lower levels of IFN-β and IL-6. Furthermore, early induction of ISGs was also restricted by ZIKV NS4B. For the first time, we demonstrate by SPR assays that TBK1, a critical component in IFN-I production pathway, binds directly to ZIKV NS4B (KD of 3.7 × 10-6 M). In addition, we show that the N-terminal region of NS4B is directly involved in this interaction. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results strongly support that ZIKV NS4B affects nucleic acid sensing cascades and disrupts the TBK1/IRF3 axis, leading to an impairment of IFN-β production. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first biophysical data of the interaction between ZIKV NS4B and TBK1, and highlights the role of ZIKV NS4B in evading the early innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Sarratea
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Redolfi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Noli Truant
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Iannantuono Lopez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Marisa M Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología-IDEHU (UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología-IMPAM (UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Wang Q, Jiang Y, Bao G, Yao W, Yang Q, Chen S, Wang G. Duck Tembusu virus induces incomplete autophagy via the ERK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathways to promote viral replication in neuronal cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:103. [PMID: 37936178 PMCID: PMC10631066 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a neurotropic virus in the genus Flavivirus that causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry in China and neighbouring countries. Autophagy is pivotal in cellular responses to pathogens and in viral pathogenesis. However, little is known about the roles of autophagy in DTMUV replication and viral pathogenesis, especially in neuropathogenesis. In this study, mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) were used to establish a cell model of DTMUV infection. Our experiments indicated that DTMUV infection induced incomplete autophagy in Neuro-2a cells. Then, we used different autophagy regulators to alter the autophagy induced by DTMUV and found that incomplete autophagy promoted DTMUV replication. Furthermore, we showed that DTMUV infection activated the ERK and AMPK pathways, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of the autophagy repressor mTOR, subsequently leading to autophagic induction. In addition, we utilized ICR mice in an animal model of DTMUV infection to evaluate the autophagic responses in brain tissues and investigate the effects of autophagy on viral replication and tissue lesions. Our results confirmed that DTMUV induced incomplete autophagy in mouse brain tissues and that autophagy inducer treatment promoted DTMUV replication and aggravated DTMUV-induced lesions, whereas autophagy inhibitor treatment had the opposite effects. In summary, DTMUV infection induced incomplete autophagy through the ERK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathways to promote viral replication in mouse neuronal cells, and DTMUV-induced incomplete autophagy contributed to the neuropathogenesis of DTMUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guangbin Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuyue Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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21
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Zhang K, Huang L, Cai Y, Zhong Y, Chen N, Gao F, Zhang L, Li Q, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yue J. Identification of a small chemical as a lysosomal calcium mobilizer and characterization of its ability to inhibit autophagy and viral infection. FEBS J 2023; 290:5353-5372. [PMID: 37528513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as one of the cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR)'s binding proteins and found that GAPDH participates in cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Here, we aimed to chemically synthesise and pharmacologically characterise novel cADPR analogues. Based on the simulated cADPR-GAPDH complex structure, we performed the structure-based drug screening, identified several small chemicals with high docking scores to cADPR's binding pocket in GAPDH and showed that two of these compounds, C244 and C346, are potential cADPR antagonists. We further synthesised several analogues of C346 and found that its analogue, G42, also mobilised Ca2+ release from lysosomes. G42 alkalised lysosomal pH and inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, G42 markedly inhibited Zika virus (ZIKV, a flavivirus) or murine hepatitis virus (MHV, a β-coronavirus) infections of host cells. These results suggest that G42 inhibits virus infection, likely by triggering lysosomal Ca2+ mobilisation and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natual Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanjun Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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22
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Bindu, Pandey HS, Seth P. Interplay Between Zika Virus-Induced Autophagy and Neural Stem Cell Fate Determination. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03704-1. [PMID: 37910284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and its co-relation with microcephaly have become a global health concern. It is primarily transmitted by a mosquito, but can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus causing impairment in brain development, leading to microcephaly. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of ZIKV-induced microcephaly is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of ZIKV non-structural protein NS4A and NS4B in ZIKV pathogenesis in a well-characterized primary culture of human fetal neural stem cells (fNSCs). We observed that the co-transfection of NS4A and NS4B altered the neural stem cell fate by arresting proliferation and inducing premature neurogenesis. NS4A + NS4B transfection in fNSCs increased autophagy and dysregulated notch signaling. Further, it also altered the regulation of downstream genes controlling cell proliferation. Additionally, we reported that 3 methyl-adenine (3-MA), a potent autophagy inhibitor, attenuated the deleterious effects of NS4A and NS4B as evidenced by the rescue in Notch1 expression, enhanced proliferation, and reduced premature neurogenesis. Our attempts to understand the mechanism of autophagy induction indicate the involvement of mitochondrial fission and ROS. Collectively, our findings highlight the novel role of NS4A and NS4B in mediating NSC fate alteration through autophagy-mediated notch degradation. The study also helps to advance our understanding of ZIKV-induced neuropathogenesis and suggests autophagy as a potential target for anti-ZIKV therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Hriday Shanker Pandey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India.
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23
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Trammell CE, Rowe EH, Char AB, Jones BJ, Fawcett S, Ahlers LRH, Goodman AG. Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0111223. [PMID: 37796127 PMCID: PMC10617537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Arboviruses, particularly those transmitted by mosquitoes, pose a significant threat to humans and are an increasing concern because of climate change, human activity, and expanding vector-competent populations. West Nile virus is of significant concern as the most frequent mosquito-borne disease transmitted annually within the continental United States. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized signaling pathway that impacts West Nile virus infection, namely endothelin signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can successfully translate results obtained from D. melanogaster into the more relevant human system. Our results add to the growing field of insulin-mediated antiviral immunity and identify potential biomarkers or intervention targets to better address West Nile virus infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasity E. Trammell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Evelyn H. Rowe
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aditya B. Char
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Brianne J. Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen Fawcett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laura R. H. Ahlers
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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24
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Jaeger AS, Marano J, Riemersma KK, Castaneda D, Pritchard EM, Pritchard JC, Bohm EK, Baczenas JJ, O'Connor SL, Weger-Lucarelli J, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Gain without pain: adaptation and increased virulence of Zika virus in vertebrate host without fitness cost in mosquito vector. J Virol 2023; 97:e0116223. [PMID: 37800949 PMCID: PMC10653995 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01162-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previously, we modeled direct transmission chains of Zika virus (ZIKV) by serially passaging ZIKV in mice and mosquitoes and found that direct mouse transmission chains selected for viruses with increased virulence in mice and the acquisition of non-synonymous amino acid substitutions. Here, we show that these same mouse-passaged viruses also maintain fitness and transmission capacity in mosquitoes. We used infectious clone-derived viruses to demonstrate that the substitution in nonstructural protein 4A contributes to increased virulence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kasen K. Riemersma
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Castaneda
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elise M. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia C. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shelby L. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Wang H, Chen F, Wang S, Li Y, Liu T, Li Y, Deng H, Dong J, Pang J, Song D, Zhang D, Yu J, Wang Y. Evaluation and mechanism study of Pien Tze Huang against EV-A71 infection. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1251731. [PMID: 37954857 PMCID: PMC10637388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1251731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection, currently lacks specific preventive and therapeutic interventions. Here, we demonstrated that Pien Tze Huang (PZH) could dose-dependently inhibit EV-A71 replication at the cellular level, resulting in significant reductions in EV-A71 virus protein 1 (VP1) expression and viral yields in Vero and human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. More importantly, we confirmed that PZH could protect mice from EV-A71 infection for the first time, with Ribavirin serving as a positive control. PZH treatment reduced EV-A71 VP1 protein expression, viral yields in infected muscles, and improved muscle pathology. Additionally, we conducted a preliminary mechanism study using quantitative proteomics. The results suggested that the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways may contribute to the anti-EV-A71 activity of PZH. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the potential therapeutic application of PZH for EV-A71 infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fenbei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute for Drug Control, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dousheng Zhang
- Institute for Drug Control, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Soares VC, de Almeida CJG, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets in Zika neuroinfection: Potential targets for intervention? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e230044. [PMID: 37820117 PMCID: PMC10566564 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are evolutionarily conserved lipid-enriched organelles with a diverse array of cell- and stimulus-regulated proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens exploit LD as energy sources, replication sites, and part of the mechanisms of immune evasion. Nevertheless, LD can also favor the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. The functions of LD in the central nervous system have gained great interest due to their presence in various cell types in the brain and for their suggested involvement in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. Only recently have the roles of LD in neuroinfections begun to be explored. Recent findings reveal that lipid remodelling and increased LD biogenesis play important roles for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Moreover, blocking LD formation by targeting DGAT-1 in vivo inhibited virus replication and inflammation in the brain. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development. Here, we review the progress in understanding LD functions in the central nervous system in the context of the host response to Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cecília JG de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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27
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Chen L, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Yang B, Liu L, Wu R. Autophagy and Inflammation: Regulatory Roles in Viral Infections. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1454. [PMID: 37892135 PMCID: PMC10604974 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway in eukaryotic organisms, playing an adaptive role in various pathophysiological processes throughout evolution. Inflammation is the immune system's response to external stimuli and tissue damage. However, persistent inflammatory reactions can lead to a range of inflammatory diseases and cancers. The interaction between autophagy and inflammation is particularly evident during viral infections. As a crucial regulator of inflammation, autophagy can either promote or inhibit the occurrence of inflammatory responses. In turn, inflammation can establish negative feedback loops by modulating autophagy to suppress excessive inflammatory reactions. This interaction is pivotal in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Therefore, elucidating the regulatory roles of autophagy and inflammation in viral infections will significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying related diseases. Furthermore, it will provide new insights and theoretical foundations for disease prevention, treatment, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Limin Yang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Yingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tianrun Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bolun Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
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Desingu PA, Mishra S, Dindi L, Srinivasan S, Rajmani RS, Ravi V, Tamta AK, Raghu S, Murugasamy K, Pandit AS, Sundaresan NR. PARP1 inhibition protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113103. [PMID: 37676769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in children. Although vaccines have been developed against the JE virus (JEV), no effective antiviral therapy exists. Our study shows that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), an NAD+-dependent (poly-ADP) ribosyl transferase, protects against JEV infection. Interestingly, PARP1 is critical for JEV pathogenesis in Neuro-2a cells and mice. Small molecular inhibitors of PARP1, olaparib, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) significantly reduce clinical signs and viral load in the serum and brains of mice and improve survival. PARP1 inhibition confers protection against JEV infection by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, upon JEV infection, PARP1 PARylates AKT and negatively affects its phosphorylation. In addition, PARP1 transcriptionally upregulates PTEN, the PIP3 phosphatase, negatively regulating AKT. PARP1-mediated AKT inactivation promotes autophagy and JEV pathogenesis by increasing the FoxO activity. Thus, our findings demonstrate PARP1 as a potential mediator of JEV pathogenesis that can be effectively targeted for treating JE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Lavanya Dindi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Shalini Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sukanya Raghu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Krishnega Murugasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anwit Shriniwas Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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Lee JK, Shin OS. Zika virus modulates mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondria-derived vesicles to facilitate viral replication in trophoblast cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203645. [PMID: 37781396 PMCID: PMC10539660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a global public health threat with the potential risk of a future outbreak. Since viral infections are known to exploit mitochondria-mediated cellular processes, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in trophoblast cells in terms of the different mitochondrial quality control pathways that govern mitochondrial integrity and function. Here we demonstrate that ZIKV (PRVABC59) infection of JEG-3 trophoblast cells manipulates mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and formation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs). Specifically, ZIKV nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) translocates to the mitochondria, triggers mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, and suppresses mitochondrial associated antiviral protein (MAVS)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) response. Furthermore, proteomics profiling of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) revealed an enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in sEVs secreted by ZIKV-infected JEG-3 cells, suggesting that MDV formation may also be another mitochondrial quality control mechanism manipulated during placental ZIKV infection. Altogether, our findings highlight the different mitochondrial quality control mechanisms manipulated by ZIKV during infection of placental cells as host immune evasion mechanisms utilized by ZIKV at the placenta to suppress the host antiviral response and facilitate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Recaioglu H, Kolk SM. Developing brain under renewed attack: viral infection during pregnancy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1119943. [PMID: 37700750 PMCID: PMC10493316 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Living in a globalized world, viral infections such as CHIKV, SARS-COV-2, and ZIKV have become inevitable to also infect the most vulnerable groups in our society. That poses a danger to these populations including pregnant women since the developing brain is sensitive to maternal stressors including viral infections. Upon maternal infection, the viruses can gain access to the fetus via the maternofetal barrier and even to the fetal brain during which factors such as viral receptor expression, time of infection, and the balance between antiviral immune responses and pro-viral mechanisms contribute to mother-to-fetus transmission and fetal infection. Both the direct pro-viral mechanisms and the resulting dysregulated immune response can cause multi-level impairment in the maternofetal and brain barriers and the developing brain itself leading to dysfunction or even loss of several cell populations. Thus, maternal viral infections can disturb brain development and even predispose to neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of maternal viral infections of three relevant relative recent players in the field: Zika, Chikungunya, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, to the impairment of brain development throughout the entire route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon M. Kolk
- Faculty of Science, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Huang Y, Li Q, Kang L, Li B, Ye H, Duan X, Xie H, Jiang M, Li S, Zhu Y, Tan Q, Chen L. Mitophagy Activation Targeting PINK1 Is an Effective Treatment to Inhibit Zika Virus Replication. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1424-1436. [PMID: 37300493 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective degradation mechanism that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by eliminating damaged mitochondria. Many viruses manipulate mitophagy to promote their infection, but its role in Zika virus (ZIKV) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of mitophagy activation on ZIKV replication by the mitochondrial uncoupling agent niclosamide. Our results demonstrate that niclosamide-induced mitophagy inhibits ZIKV replication by eliminating fragmented mitochondria, both in vitro and in a mouse model of ZIKV-induced necrosis. Niclosamide induces autophosphorylation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), leading to the recruitment of PRKN/Parkin to the outer mitochondrial membrane and subsequent phosphorylation of ubiquitin. Knockdown of PINK1 promotes ZIKV infection and rescues the anti-ZIKV effect of mitophagy activation, confirming the role of ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy in limiting ZIKV replication. These findings demonstrate the role of mitophagy in the host response in limiting ZIKV replication and identify PINK1 as a potential therapeutic target in ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Huang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Kang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases between Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Nanning City, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Duan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - He Xie
- The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xian 710077, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, China
- Joint Laboratory on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases between Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Nanning Blood Center, Nanning Blood Center, Key Laboratory for Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases of the Health Commission of Nanning City, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
- The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xian 710077, Shaanxi, China
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32
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bernardo-Menezes LC, Agrelli A, Oliveira ASLED, Azevedo EDAN, Morais CNLD. Zika virus: Critical crosstalk between pathogenesis, cytopathic effects, and macroautophagy. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37334850 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging positive-sense RNA arbovirus. Its genome encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved by proteases into three structural proteins (Envelope, pre-Membrane, and Capsid) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). These proteins have essential functions in viral replication cycle, cytopathic effects, and host cellular response. When infected by ZIKV, host cells promote macroautophagy, which is believed to favor virus entry. Although several authors have attempted to understand this link between macroautophagy and viral infection, little is known. Herein, we performed a narrative review of the molecular connection between macroautophagy and ZIKV infection while focusing on the roles of the structural and nonstructural proteins. We concluded that ZIKV proteins are major virulence factors that modulate host-cell machinery to its advantage by disrupting and/or blocking specific cellular systems and organelles' function, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Coêlho Bernardo-Menezes
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics (LaViTE), Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Almerinda Agrelli
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials (LMNANO), Strategic Technologies Center of Northeast (CETENE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa de Almeida Neves Azevedo
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics (LaViTE), Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics (LaViTE), Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Viettri M, Caraballo G, Sanchez ME, Espejel-Nuñez A, Betanzos A, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Nava P, Ludert JE. Comparative Infections of Zika, Dengue, and Yellow Fever Viruses in Human Cytotrophoblast-Derived Cells Suggest a Gating Role for the Cytotrophoblast in Zika Virus Placental Invasion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063023. [PMID: 37227282 PMCID: PMC10269719 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00630-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is teratogenic and considered a TORCH pathogen (toxoplasmosis [Toxoplasma gondii], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus [HSV], and other microorganisms capable of crossing the blood-placenta barrier). In contrast, the related flavivirus dengue virus (DENV) and the attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine strain (YFV-17D) are not. Understanding the mechanisms used by ZIKV to cross the placenta is necessary. In this work, parallel infections with ZIKV of African and Asian lineages, DENV, and YFV-17D were compared for kinetics and growth efficiency, activation of mTOR pathways, and cytokine secretion profile using cytotrophoblast-derived HTR8 cells and monocytic U937 cells differentiated to M2 macrophages. In HTR8 cells, ZIKV replication, especially the African strain, was significantly more efficient and faster than DENV or YFV-17D. In macrophages, ZIKV replication was also more efficient, although differences between strains were reduced. Greater activation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways in HTR8 cells infected with ZIKV than with DENV or YFV-17D was observed. HTR8 cells treated with mTOR inhibitors showed a 20-fold reduction in ZIKV yield, versus 5- and 3.5-fold reductions for DENV and YFV-17D, respectively. Finally, infection with ZIKV, but not DENV or YFV-17D, efficiently inhibited the interferon (IFN) and chemoattractant responses in both cell lines. These results suggest a gating role for the cytotrophoblast cells in favoring entry of ZIKV, but not DENV and YFV-17D, into the placental stroma. IMPORTANCE Zika virus acquisition during pregnancy is associated with severe fetal damage. The Zika virus is related to dengue virus and yellow fever virus, yet fetal damage has not been related to dengue or inadvertent vaccination for yellow fever during pregnancy. Mechanisms used by the Zika virus to cross the placenta need to be deciphered. By comparing parallel infections of Zika virus strains belonging to the African and Asian lineages, dengue virus, and the yellow fever vaccine virus strain YFV-17D in placenta-derived cytotrophoblast cells and differentiated macrophages, evidence was found that Zika virus infections, especially by the African strains, were more efficient in cytotrophoblast cells than dengue virus or yellow fever vaccine virus strain infections. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in macrophages. Robust activation of the mTOR signaling pathways and inhibition of the IFN and chemoattractant response appear to be related to the better growth capacity of the Zika viruses in the cytotrophoblast-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Viettri
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerson Caraballo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Sanchez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Biophysical Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan E. Ludert
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Oliveira MDS, Cassiano LMG, Pioline J, de Carvalho KRA, Salim ACDM, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, Machado ADMV, Coimbra RS. Organotypic hippocampal culture model reveals differential responses to highly similar Zika virus isolates. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:140. [PMID: 37301965 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an outbreak in Brazil, in 2015, being associated to microcephaly. ZIKV has a strong neurotropism leading to death of infected cells in different brain regions, including the hippocampus, a major site for neurogenesis. The neuronal populations of the brain are affected differently by ZIKV from Asian and African ancestral lineages. However, it remains to be investigated whether subtle variations in the ZIKV genome can impact hippocampus infection dynamics and host response. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated how two Brazilian ZIKV isolates, PE243 and SPH2015, that differ in two specific missense amino acid substitutions, one in the NS1 protein and the other in the NS4A protein, affect the hippocampal phenotype and transcriptome. METHODS Organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHC) from infant Wistar rats were infected with PE243 or SPH2015 and analyzed in time series using immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Unique patterns of infection and changes in neuronal density in the OHC were observed for PE243 and SPH2015 between 8 and 48 h post infection (p.i.). Phenotypic analysis of microglia indicated that SPH2015 has a greater capacity for immune evasion. Transcriptome analysis of OHC at 16 h p.i. disclosed 32 and 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to infection with PE243 and SPH2015, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that infection with SPH2015 activates mostly astrocytes rather than microglia. PE243 downregulated biological process of proliferation of brain cells and upregulated those associated with neuron death, while SPH2015 downregulated processes related to neuronal development. Both isolates downregulated cognitive and behavioral development processes. Ten genes were similarly regulated by both isolates. They are putative biomarkers of early hippocampus response to ZIKV infection. At 5, 7, and 10 days p.i., neuronal density of infected OHC remained below controls, and mature neurons of infected OHC showed an increase in the epigenetic mark H3K4me3, which is associated to a transcriptionally active state. This feature is more prominent in response to SPH2015. CONCLUSION Subtle genetic diversity of the ZIKV affects the dynamics of viral dissemination in the hippocampus and host response in the early stages of infection, which may lead to different long-term effects in neuronal population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Marcely Gomes Cassiano
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeanne Pioline
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anna Christina de Matos Salim
- Plataforma de Sequenciamento NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roney Santos Coimbra
- Neurogenômica, Imunopatologia, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Oliveira FBCD, Freire VPASDS, Coelho SVA, Meuren LM, Palmeira JDF, Cardoso AL, Neves FDAR, Ribeiro BM, Argañaraz GA, Arruda LBD, Argañaraz ER. ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1250. [PMID: 37376550 DOI: 10.3390/v15061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Zika Virus (ZIKV) has caused pandemic outbreaks associated with a high rate of congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). Although all strains associated with worldwide outbreaks derive from the Asian lineage, the reasons for their enhanced spread and severity are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of miRNAs (miRNA-155/146a/124) and their cellular targets (SOCS1/3, SHP1, TRAF6, IRAK1), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IFN-β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) expression in BV2 microglia cells infected with ZIKV strains derived from African and Asian lineages (ZIKVMR766 and ZIKVPE243). BV2 cells were susceptible to both ZIKV strains, and showed discrete levels of viral replication, with delayed release of viral particles without inducing significant cytopathogenic effects. However, the ZIKVMR766 strain showed higher infectivity and replicative capacity, inducing a higher expression of microglial activation markers than the ZIKVPE243 strain. Moreover, infection with the ZIKVMR766 strain promoted both a higher inflammatory response and a lower expression of anti-viral factors compared to the ZIKVPE243 strain. Remarkably, the ZIKKPE243 strain induced significantly higher levels of the anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor-PPAR-γ. These findings improve our understanding of ZIKV-mediated modulation of inflammatory and anti-viral innate immune responses and open a new avenue to explore underlining mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharton Vinicius Antunes Coelho
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julys da Fonseca Palmeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Cardoso
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bacuolovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Enrique Roberto Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Yang W, Liu LB, Liu FL, Wu YH, Zhen ZD, Fan DY, Sheng ZY, Song ZR, Chang JT, Zheng YT, An J, Wang PG. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the fragility of male spermatogenic cells to Zika virus-induced complement activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2476. [PMID: 37120617 PMCID: PMC10148584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a potential threat to male reproductive health but the mechanisms underlying its influence on testes during ZIKV infection remain obscure. To address this question, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing using testes from ZIKV-infected mice. The results reveal the fragility of spermatogenic cells, especially spermatogonia, to ZIKV infection and show that the genes of the complement system are significantly upregulated mainly in infiltrated S100A4 + monocytes/macrophages. Complement activation and its contribution to testicular damage are validated by ELISA, RT‒qPCR and IFA and further verify in ZIKV-infected northern pigtailed macaques by RNA genome sequencing and IFA, suggesting that this might be the common response to ZIKV infection in primates. On this basis, we test the complement inhibitor C1INH and S100A4 inhibitors sulindac and niclosamide for their effects on testis protection. C1INH alleviates the pathological change in the testis but deteriorates ZIKV infection in general. In contrast, niclosamide effectively reduces S100A4 + monocyte/macrophage infiltration, inhibits complement activation, alleviates testicular damage, and rescues the fertility of male mice from ZIKV infection. This discovery therefore encourages male reproductive health protection during the next ZIKV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Feng-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zi-Da Zhen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zi-Yang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zheng-Ran Song
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jia-Tong Chang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China.
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Link N, Harnish JM, Hull B, Gibson S, Dietze M, Mgbike UE, Medina-Balcazar S, Shah PS, Yamamoto S. A Zika virus protein expression screen in Drosophila to investigate targeted host pathways during development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.28.538736. [PMID: 37163061 PMCID: PMC10168400 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global public health concern. While adult infections are typically mild, maternal infection can lead to adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding how ZIKV proteins disrupt development can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of symptoms caused by this virus including microcephaly. In this study, we generated a toolkit to ectopically express Zika viral proteins in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster in a tissue-specific manner using the GAL4/UAS system. We use this toolkit to identify phenotypes and host pathways targeted by the virus. Our work identified that expression of most ZIKV proteins cause scorable phenotypes, such as overall lethality, gross morphological defects, reduced brain size, and neuronal function defects. We further use this system to identify strain-dependent phenotypes that may contribute to the increased pathogenesis associated with the more recent outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas. Our work demonstrates Drosophila's use as an efficient in vivo model to rapidly decipher how pathogens cause disease and lays the groundwork for further molecular study of ZIKV pathogenesis in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Link
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Michael Harnish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brooke Hull
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shelley Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miranda Dietze
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Silvia Medina-Balcazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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39
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Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
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40
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Jaeger AS, Marano J, Riemersma K, Castañeda D, Pritchard E, Pritchard J, Bohm EK, Baczenas JJ, O’Connor SL, Weger-Lucarelli J, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Gain without pain: Adaptation and increased virulence of Zika virus in vertebrate host without fitness cost in mosquito vector. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533515. [PMID: 36993525 PMCID: PMC10055270 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is now in a post-pandemic period, for which the potential for re-emergence and future spread is unknown. Adding to this uncertainty is the unique capacity of ZIKV to directly transmit between humans via sexual transmission. Recently, we demonstrated that direct transmission of ZIKV between vertebrate hosts leads to rapid adaptation resulting in enhanced virulence in mice and the emergence of three amino acid substitutions (NS2A-A117V, NS2A-A117T, and NS4A-E19G) shared among all vertebrate-passaged lineages. Here, we further characterized these host-adapted viruses and found that vertebrate-passaged viruses also have enhanced transmission potential in mosquitoes. To understand the contribution of genetic changes to the enhanced virulence and transmission phenotype, we engineered these amino acid substitutions, singly and in combination, into a ZIKV infectious clone. We found that NS4A-E19G contributed to the enhanced virulence and mortality phenotype in mice. Further analyses revealed that NS4A-E19G results in increased neurotropism and distinct innate immune signaling patterns in the brain. None of the substitutions contributed to changes in transmission potential in mosquitoes. Together, these findings suggest that direct transmission chains could enable the emergence of more virulent ZIKV strains without compromising mosquito transmission capacity, although the underlying genetics of these adaptations are complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Jeffrey Marano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Kasen Riemersma
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - David Castañeda
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Elise Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Julia Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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41
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Tan W, Zhang S, He Y, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Mao S, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Chen S, Cheng A. Nonstructural proteins 2B and 4A of Tembusu virus induce complete autophagy to promote viral multiplication in vitro. Vet Res 2023; 54:23. [PMID: 36918952 PMCID: PMC10013240 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that has broken out in different regions of China. TMUV infection has been reported to induce autophagy in duck embryo fibroblast cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this autophagy induction remain unclear. Here, we explored the interactions between autophagy and TMUV and the effects of the structural and nonstructural proteins of TMUV on autophagy in vitro. Among our results, TMUV infection enhanced autophagy to facilitate viral replication in HEK293T cells. After pharmacologically inducing autophagy with rapamycin (Rapa), the replication of TMUV increased by a maximum of 14-fold compared with the control group. To determine which TMUV protein primarily induced autophagy, cells were transfected with two structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins of TMUV. Western blotting showed that nonstructural proteins 2B (NS2B) and 4 A (NS4A) of TMUV significantly induced the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from LC3-I to LC3-II in HEK293T cells. In addition, through immunofluorescence assays, we found that NS2B and NS4A significantly increased the punctate fluorescence of GFP-LC3-II. Furthermore, we found that both NS2B and NS4A interacted with polyubiquitin-binding protein sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) in a coimmunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, the autophagic degradation of p62 and LC3 mediated by NS2B or NS4A was inhibited by treatment with the autophagic flux inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). These results confirmed the vital effects of NS2B and NS4A in TMUV-induced complete autophagy and clarified the importance of complete autophagy for viral replication, providing novel insight into the relationship between TMUV and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Tan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Senzhao Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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42
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Quincozes-Santos A, Bobermin LD, Costa NLF, Thomaz NK, Almeida RRDS, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Rosa RL, Capra D, Coelho-Aguiar JM, DosSantos MF, Heringer M, Cirne-Lima EO, Guimarães JA, Schuler-Faccini L, Gonçalves CA, Moura-Neto V, Souza DO. The role of glial cells in Zika virus-induced neurodegeneration. Glia 2023. [PMID: 36866453 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a strongly neurotropic flavivirus whose infection has been associated with microcephaly in neonates. However, clinical and experimental evidence indicate that ZIKV also affects the adult nervous system. In this regard, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the ability of ZIKV to infect glial cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), glial cells are represented by astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) constitutes a highly heterogeneous group of cells (Schwann cells, satellite glial cells, and enteric glial cells) spread through the body. These cells are critical in both physiological and pathological conditions; as such, ZIKV-induced glial dysfunctions can be associated with the development and progression of neurological complications, including those related to the adult and aging brain. This review will address the effects of ZIKV infection on CNS and PNS glial cells, focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms, including changes in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca2+ and glutamate homeostasis, neural metabolism, and neuron-glia communication. Of note, preventive and therapeutic strategies that focus on glial cells may emerge to delay and/or prevent the development of ZIKV-induced neurodegeneration and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie K Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lucélia Santi
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rosa
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Capra
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fabio DosSantos
- Laboratório de Propriedades Mecânicas e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manoela Heringer
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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43
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Chaudhary N, Srivastava S, Gupta S, Menon MB, Patel AK. Dengue virus induced autophagy is mediated by HMGB1 and promotes viral propagation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:624-635. [PMID: 36587643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) exploits various cellular pathways including autophagy to assure enhanced virus propagation. The mechanisms of DENV mediated control of autophagy pathway are largely unknown. Our investigations have revealed a novel role for high-mobility group box1 protein (HMGB1) in regulation of cellular autophagy process in DENV-2 infected A549 cell line. While induction of autophagy by rapamycin treatment resulted in enhanced DENV-2 propagation, the blockade of autophagy flux with bafilomycin A1 suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of HMGB1 significantly abrogated dengue induced autophagy, while LPS induced HMGB1 expression counteracted these effects. Interestingly, silencing of HMGB1 showed reduction of BECN1 and stabilization of BCL-2 protein. On the contrary, LPS induction of HMGB1 resulted in enhanced BECN1 and reduction in BCL-2 levels. This study shows that the modulation of autophagy by DENV-2 is HMGB1/BECN1 dependent. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a potent HMGB1 inhibitor suppressed autophagy as well as DENV-2 replication. Altogether, our data suggests that HMGB1 induces BECN1 dependent autophagy to promote DENV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chaudhary
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunny Gupta
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India.
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44
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Chan YT, Cheok YY, Cheong HC, Tang TF, Sulaiman S, Hassan J, Looi CY, Tan KK, AbuBakar S, Wong WF. Immune Recognition versus Immune Evasion Systems in Zika Virus Infection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020642. [PMID: 36831177 PMCID: PMC9952926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The reemergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in recent years has posed a serious threat to global health. Despite being asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in a majority of infected individuals, ZIKV infection can result in severe manifestations including neurological complications in adults and congenital abnormalities in newborns. In a human host, ZIKV is primarily recognized by RIG-like receptors and Toll-like receptors that elicit anti-viral immunity through the secretion of type I interferon (IFN) to limit viral survival, replication, and pathogenesis. Intriguingly, ZIKV evades its host immune system through various immune evasion strategies, including suppressing the innate immune receptors and signaling pathways, mutation of viral structural and non-structural proteins, RNA modulation, or alteration of cellular pathways. Here, we present an overview of ZIKV recognition by the host immune system and the evasion strategies employed by ZIKV. Characterization of the host-viral interaction and viral disease mechanism provide a platform for the rational design of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ting Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sofiah Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jamiyah Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Education Center of Excellence (HICoE), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Education Center of Excellence (HICoE), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-(3)-7967-6672
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Pujhari S, Heu CC, Brustolin M, Johnson RM, Kim D, Rasgon JL. Sindbis virus is suppressed in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti by ATG-6/Beclin-1 mediated activation of autophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.526867. [PMID: 36778292 PMCID: PMC9915692 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical modulator of pathogen invasion response in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, how it affects mosquito-borne viral pathogens that significantly burden public health remains underexplored. To address this gap, we use a genetic approach to activate macroautophagy/autophagy in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), infected with a recombinant Sindbis virus (SINV) expressing an autophagy activator. We first demonstrate a 17-amino acid peptide derived from the Ae. aegypti autophagy-related protein 6 (ATG-6/beclin-1-like protein) is sufficient to induce autophagy in C6/36 mosquito cells, as marked by lipidation of ATG-8 and puncta formation. Next, we engineered a recombinant SINV expressing this bioactive beclin-1-like peptide and used it to infect and induce autophagy in adult mosquitoes. We find that modulation of autophagy using this recombinant SINV negatively regulated production of infectious viruses. The results from this study improve our understanding of the role of autophagy in arboviruses in invertebrate hosts and also highlight the potential for the autophagy pathway to be exploited for arboviral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Chan C. Heu
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rebecca M. Johnson
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Vector Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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46
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Hou P, Wang X, Wang H, Wang T, Yu Z, Xu C, Zhao Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Chu F, Chang H, Zhu H, Lu J, Zhang F, Liang X, Li X, Wang S, Gao Y, He H. The ORF7a protein of SARS-CoV-2 initiates autophagy and limits autophagosome-lysosome fusion via degradation of SNAP29 to promote virus replication. Autophagy 2023; 19:551-569. [PMID: 35670302 PMCID: PMC9851267 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2084686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is closely related to various cellular aspects associated with autophagy. However, how SARS-CoV-2 mediates the subversion of the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway remains largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a protein activates LC3-II and leads to the accumulation of autophagosomes in multiple cell lines, while knockdown of the viral ORF7a gene via shRNAs targeting ORF7a sgRNA during SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased autophagy levels. Mechanistically, the ORF7a protein initiates autophagy via the AKT-MTOR-ULK1-mediated pathway, but ORF7a limits the progression of autophagic flux by activating CASP3 (caspase 3) to cleave the SNAP29 protein at aspartic acid residue 30 (D30), ultimately impairing complete autophagy. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced accumulated autophagosomes promote progeny virus production, whereby ORF7a downregulates SNAP29, ultimately resulting in failure of autophagosome fusion with lysosomes to promote viral replication. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the autophagic machinery to facilitate its own propagation via ORF7a.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACE2: angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP3: caspase 3; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpi: hour post-infection; hpt: hour post-transfection; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; ORF: open reading frame; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; shRNAs: short hairpin RNAs; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TCID50: tissue culture infectious dose; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB, tubulin, beta; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,CONTACT Hongmei Wang ;; Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong250014, China; Yuwei Gao Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130122, China; Hongbin He Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250014, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhangping Yu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunqing Xu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yudong Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fengyun Chu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchao Zhu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhen Zhang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Sun N, Zhang RR, Song GY, Cai Q, Aliyari SR, Nielsen-Saines K, Jung JU, Yang H, Cheng G, Qin CF. SERTAD3 induces proteasomal degradation of ZIKV capsid protein and represents a therapeutic target. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28451. [PMID: 36594413 PMCID: PMC9975044 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. While flavivirus replication is known to occur in the cytoplasm, a significant portion of the viral capsid protein localizes to the nucleus during infection. However, the role of the nuclear capsid is less clear. Herein, we demonstrated SERTA domain containing 3 (SERTAD3) as an antiviral interferon stimulatory gene product had an antiviral ability to ZIKV but not JEV. Mechanistically, we found that SERTAD3 interacted with the capsid protein of ZIKV in the nucleolus and reduced capsid protein abundance through proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, an eight amino acid peptide of SERTAD3 was identified as the minimum motif that binds with ZIKV capsid protein. Remarkably, the eight amino acids synthetic peptide from SERTAD3 significantly prevented ZIKV infection in culture and pregnant mouse models. Taken together, these findings not only reveal the function of SERTAD3 in promoting proteasomal degradation of a specific viral protein but also provide a promising host-targeted therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sun
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaomei Cai
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saba R. Aliyari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Global Center for Pathogens Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Heng Yang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Ma X, Jia Y, Yuan J, Tang QJ, Gao WC, Zhou GF, Yang RH, Pang W, Zheng CB. Inhibiting cardiac autophagy suppresses Zika virus replication. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28483. [PMID: 36625392 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat. Other than the congenital neurological disorders it causes, ZIKV infection has been reported to induce cardiac complications. However, the precise treatment plans are unclear. Thus, illustrating the pathogenic mechanism of ZIKV in the heart is critical to providing effective prevention and treatment of ZIKV infection. The mechanism of autophagy has been reported recently in Dengue virus infection. Whether or not autophagy participates in ZIKV infection and its role remains unrevealed. This study successfully established the in vitro cardiomyocytes and in vivo mouse models of ZIKV infection to investigate the involvement of autophagy in ZIKV infection. The results showed that ZIKV infection is both time and gradient-dependent. The key autophagy protein, LC3B, increased remarkably after ZIKV infection. Meanwhile, autophagic flux was detected by immunofluorescence. Applying autophagy inhibitors decreased the LC3B levels. Furthermore, the number of viral copies was quantified to evaluate the influence of autophagy during infection. We found that autophagy was actively involved in the ZIKV infection and the inhibition of autophagy could effectively reduce the viral copies, suggesting a potential intervention strategy for reducing ZIKV infection and the undesired complications caused by ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Tang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cong Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ren-Hua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus from the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted to humans by mosquito vectors and represents an important health problem. Infections in pregnant women are of major concern because of potential devastating consequences during pregnancy and have been associated with microcephaly in newborns. ZIKV has a unique ability to use the host machinery to promote viral replication in a tissue-specific manner, resulting in characteristic pathological disorders. Recent studies have proposed that the host ubiquitin system acts as a major determinant of ZIKV tropism by providing the virus with an enhanced ability to enter new cells. In addition, ZIKV has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune response, thereby allowing the establishment of viral persistence and enhancing viral pathogenesis. We discuss recent reports on the mechanisms used by ZIKV to replicate efficiently, and we highlight potential new areas of research for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Orozco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Current affiliation: Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases; and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA;
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50
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Dahiya N, Yadav M, Singh H, Jakhar R, Sehrawat N. ZIKV: Epidemiology, infection mechanism and current therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1059283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that has been detected in 87 countries worldwide. Outbreaks of ZIKV infection have been reported from various places around the world and the disease has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. ZIKV has two modes of transmission: vector and non-vector. The ability of ZIKV to vertically transmit in its competent vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, helps it to cope with adverse conditions, and this could be the reason for the major outbreaks that occur from time to time. ZIKV outbreaks are a global threat and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective drugs and vaccines to fight the virus. In more than 80% of cases, ZIKV infection is asymptomatic and leads to complications, such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. Drugs such as sofosbuvir, chloroquine, and suramin have been found to be effective against ZIKV infections, but further evaluation of their safety in pregnant women is needed. Although temoporfin can be given to pregnant women, it needs to be tested further for side effects. Many vaccine types based on protein, vector, DNA, and mRNA have been formulated. Some vaccines, such as mRNA-1325 and VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, have reached Phase II clinical trials. Some new techniques should be used for formulating and testing the efficacy of vaccines. Although there have been no recent outbreaks of ZIKV infection, several studies have shown continuous circulation of ZIKV in mosquito vectors, and there is a risk of re-emergence of ZIKV in the near future. Therefore, vaccines and drugs for ZIKV should be tested further, and safe and effective therapeutic techniques should be licensed for use during outbreaks.
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