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Karampelias C, Băloiu B, Rathkolb B, da Silva-Buttkus P, Bachar-Wikström E, Marschall S, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Chu L, Hrabě de Angelis M, Andersson O. Examining the liver-pancreas crosstalk reveals a role for the molybdenum cofactor in β-cell regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402771. [PMID: 39159974 PMCID: PMC11333758 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of insulin-producing β-cells is an alternative avenue to manage diabetes, and it is crucial to unravel this process in vivo during physiological responses to the lack of β-cells. Here, we aimed to characterize how hepatocytes can contribute to β-cell regeneration, either directly or indirectly via secreted proteins or metabolites, in a zebrafish model of β-cell loss. Using lineage tracing, we show that hepatocytes do not directly convert into β-cells even under extreme β-cell ablation conditions. A transcriptomic analysis of isolated hepatocytes after β-cell ablation displayed altered lipid- and glucose-related processes. Based on the transcriptomics, we performed a genetic screen that uncovers a potential role of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthetic pathway in β-cell regeneration and glucose metabolism in zebrafish. Consistently, molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2 (Mocs2) haploinsufficiency in mice indicated dysregulated glucose metabolism and liver function. Together, our study sheds light on the liver-pancreas crosstalk and suggests that the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway should be further studied in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karampelias
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Băloiu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Marschall
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lianhe Chu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Massoz L, Bergemann D, Lavergne A, Reynders C, Désiront C, Goossens C, Flasse L, Peers B, Voz MM, Manfroid I. Negative cell cycle regulation by calcineurin is necessary for proper beta cell regeneration in zebrafish. eLife 2024; 12:RP88813. [PMID: 39383064 PMCID: PMC11464004 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of pancreatic beta cell regeneration could be a therapeutic lead to treat diabetes. Unlike humans, the zebrafish can efficiently regenerate beta cells, notably from ductal pancreatic progenitors. To gain insight into the molecular pathways involved in this process, we established the transcriptomic profile of the ductal cells after beta cell ablation in the adult zebrafish. These data highlighted the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) as a new potential modulator of beta cell regeneration. We showed that CaN overexpression abolished the regenerative response, leading to glycemia dysregulation. On the opposite, CaN inhibition increased ductal cell proliferation and subsequent beta cell regeneration. Interestingly, the enhanced proliferation of the progenitors was paradoxically coupled with their exhaustion. This suggests that the proliferating progenitors are next entering in differentiation. CaN appears as a guardian which prevents an excessive progenitor proliferation to preserve the pool of progenitors. Altogether, our findings reveal CaN as a key player in the balance between proliferation and differentiation to enable a proper beta cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Massoz
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - David Bergemann
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- GIGA-Genomics Core Facility, GIGA, University of LiègLiègeBelgium
| | - Célia Reynders
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Caroline Désiront
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Chiara Goossens
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Lydie Flasse
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Bernard Peers
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Marianne M Voz
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Isabelle Manfroid
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models Laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
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3
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Al-Adsani AM, Al-Qattan KK, Barhoush SA, Abbood MS, Al-Bustan SA. Garlic Extract Promotes Pancreatic Islet Neogenesis Through α-to-β-Cell Transdifferentiation and Normalizes Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400362. [PMID: 39205537 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Garlic extract (GE) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic rats (DRs) by increasing insulin production. However, the mechanism through which it exerts its effects remains unclear. Here, it investigates the molecular process and the origin of regenerating β-cell in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in response to GE. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis are carried out after pancreas isolation. These findings show that 1 week of GE treatment increases the expression of the endocrine progenitor cell markers Neurogenin3 (Neurog3), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (Neurod1), paired box proteins (Pax)4, V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (Mafb), and NK homeobox factors (Nkx)6-1 in STZ-induced DRs. Continuation with GE treatment for 8 weeks causes the expression of the mature β-cell markers insulin(Ins)2, urocortin3 (Ucn3), and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) to peak. Comprehensive examination of the islet through immunohistochemical analysis reveals the presence of a heterogeneous cell population including INS+/GLUT2- and INS+/GLUT2+ β-cell subpopulations with few bihormonal INS+/GCG+ cells after 4 weeks. By week 8, islet architecture is reestablished, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was restored through the upregulation of Ucn3. CONCLUSION GE induces β-cell neogenesis in DRs and restores islet architecture. The newly formed mature β-like cells could have originated through the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells as well as α- to β-cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Al-Adsani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Khaled K Al-Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Sahar A Barhoush
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Manal S Abbood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
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4
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Guo M, He F, Zhang C. Molecular Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10051. [PMID: 39337537 PMCID: PMC11431964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the increasing prevalence of DM worldwide, the incidence of DKD remains high. If DKD is not well controlled, it can develop into chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which places considerable economic pressure on society. Traditional therapies, including glycemic control, blood pressure control, blood lipid control, the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers and novel drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have been used in DKD patients. Although the above treatment strategies can delay the progression of DKD, most DKD patients still ultimately progress to ESRD. Therefore, new and multimodal treatment methods need to be explored. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed new treatment methods and targets to delay the progression of DKD, including miRNA therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, gut microbiota-targeted therapy and lifestyle intervention. These new molecular therapy methods constitute opportunities to better understand and treat DKD. In this review, we summarize the progress of molecular therapeutics for DKD, leading to new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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5
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Chen L, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhang F, Zhang W, Meng H, Chen J, Liao Z, Xu X, Ma Z, Xu T, Liu H. Directed differentiation of pancreatic δ cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6344. [PMID: 39068220 PMCID: PMC11283558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of pancreatic δ cells contributes to the etiology of diabetes. Despite their important role, human δ cells are scarce, limiting physiological studies and drug discovery targeting δ cells. To date, no directed δ-cell differentiation method has been established. Here, we demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 promotes pancreatic endoderm/progenitor differentiation, whereas FGF2 biases cells towards the pancreatic δ-cell lineage via FGF receptor 1. We develop a differentiation method to generate δ cells from human stem cells by combining FGF2 with FGF7, which synergistically directs pancreatic lineage differentiation and modulates the expression of transcription factors and SST activators during endoderm/endocrine precursor induction. These δ cells display mature RNA profiles and fine secretory granules, secrete somatostatin in response to various stimuli, and suppress insulin secretion from in vitro co-cultured β cells and mouse β cells upon transplantation. The generation of human pancreatic δ cells from stem cells in vitro would provide an unprecedented cell source for drug discovery and cell transplantation studies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tongran Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huisheng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Ghasemi Gojani E, Rai S, Norouzkhani F, Shujat S, Wang B, Li D, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Targeting β-Cell Plasticity: A Promising Approach for Diabetes Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7621-7667. [PMID: 39057094 PMCID: PMC11275945 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-cells within the pancreas play a pivotal role in insulin production and secretion, responding to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. However, factors like obesity, dietary habits, and prolonged insulin resistance can compromise β-cell function, contributing to the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). A critical aspect of this dysfunction involves β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation, wherein these cells lose their specialized characteristics and adopt different identities, notably transitioning towards progenitor or other pancreatic cell types like α-cells. This process significantly contributes to β-cell malfunction and the progression of T2D, often surpassing the impact of outright β-cell loss. Alterations in the expressions of specific genes and transcription factors unique to β-cells, along with epigenetic modifications and environmental factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, underpin the occurrence of β-cell dedifferentiation and the onset of T2D. Recent research underscores the potential therapeutic value for targeting β-cell dedifferentiation to manage T2D effectively. In this review, we aim to dissect the intricate mechanisms governing β-cell dedifferentiation and explore the therapeutic avenues stemming from these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.)
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7
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Chernysheva МB, Ruchko ЕS, Karimova МV, Vorotelyak ЕA, Vasiliev АV. Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1424278. [PMID: 39045459 PMCID: PMC11263198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1424278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. B. Chernysheva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е. S. Ruchko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - М. V. Karimova
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, The Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Е. A. Vorotelyak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - А. V. Vasiliev
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Wang C, Abadpour S, Aizenshtadt A, Dalmao-Fernandez A, Høyem M, Wilhelmsen I, Stokowiec J, Olsen PA, Krauss S, Chera S, Ghila L, Ræder H, Scholz H. Cell identity dynamics and insight into insulin secretagogues when employing stem cell-derived islets for disease modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1392575. [PMID: 38933536 PMCID: PMC11199790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1392575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) are not only an unlimited source for cell-based therapy of type 1 diabetes but have also emerged as an attractive material for modeling diabetes and conducting screening for treatment options. Prior to SC-islets becoming the established standard for disease modeling and drug development, it is essential to understand their response to various nutrient sources in vitro. This study demonstrates an enhanced efficiency of pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation through the incorporation of WNT signaling inhibition following the definitive endoderm stage. We have identified a tri-hormonal cell population within SC-islets, which undergoes reduction concurrent with the emergence of elevated numbers of glucagon-positive cells during extended in vitro culture. Over a 6-week period of in vitro culture, the SC-islets consistently demonstrated robust insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. Moreover, they manifested diverse reactivity patterns when exposed to distinct nutrient sources and exhibited deviant glycolytic metabolic characteristics in comparison to human primary islets. Although the SC-islets demonstrated an aberrant glucose metabolism trafficking, the evaluation of a potential antidiabetic drug, pyruvate kinase agonist known as TEPP46, significantly improved in vitro insulin secretion of SC-islets. Overall, this study provided cell identity dynamics investigation of SC-islets during prolonged culturing in vitro, and insights into insulin secretagogues. Associated advantages and limitations were discussed when employing SC-islets for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Wang
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andrea Dalmao-Fernandez
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Høyem
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Wilhelmsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Justyna Stokowiec
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Spezani R, Reis-Barbosa PH, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Update on the transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells into functional beta cells for treating diabetes. Life Sci 2024; 346:122645. [PMID: 38614297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence and associated comorbidities need innovative approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and treatment. Genetics contributes significantly to T2DM susceptibility, and genetic counseling is significant in detecting and informing people about the diabetic risk. T2DM is also intricately linked to overnutrition and obesity, and nutritional advising is beneficial to mitigate diabetic evolution. However, manipulating pancreatic cell plasticity and transdifferentiation could help beta cell regeneration and glucose homeostasis, effectively contributing to the antidiabetic fight. Targeted modulation of transcription factors is highlighted for their roles in various aspects of pancreatic cell differentiation and function, inducing non-beta cells' conversion into functional beta cells (responsive to glucose). In addition, pharmacological interventions targeting specific receptors and pathways might facilitate cell transdifferentiation aiming to maintain or increase beta cell mass and function. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular reprogramming are not yet well understood. The present review highlights the primary transcriptional factors in the endocrine pancreas, focusing on transdifferentiation as a primary mechanism. Therefore, islet cell reprogramming, converting one cell type to another and transforming non-beta cells into insulin-producing cells, depends, among others, on transcription factors. It is a promising fact that new transcription factors are discovered every day, and their actions on pancreatic islet cells are revealed. Exploring these pathways associated with pancreatic development and islet endocrine cell differentiation could unravel the molecular intricacies underlying transdifferentiation processes, exploring novel therapeutic strategies to treat diabetes. The medical use of this biotechnology is expected to be achievable within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Zheng C, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liang T. Cell of Origin of Pancreatic cancer: Novel Findings and Current Understanding. Pancreas 2024; 53:e288-e297. [PMID: 38277420 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal diseases globally, boasting a grim 5-year survival prognosis. The origin cell and the molecular signaling pathways that drive PDAC progression are not entirely understood. This review comprehensively outlines the categorization of PDAC and its precursor lesions, expounds on the creation and utility of genetically engineered mouse models used in PDAC research, compiles a roster of commonly used markers for pancreatic progenitors, duct cells, and acinar cells, and briefly addresses the mechanisms involved in the progression of PDAC. We acknowledge the value of precise markers and suitable tracing tools to discern the cell of origin, as it can facilitate the creation of more effective models for PDAC exploration. These conclusions shed light on our existing understanding of foundational genetically engineered mouse models and focus on the origin and development of PDAC.
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Fernández Á, Casamitjana J, Holguín-Horcajo A, Coolens K, Mularoni L, Pasquali L, Bailey-Lundberg JM, Rooman I, Wang YJ, Rovira M. A single-cell atlas of the murine pancreatic ductal tree identifies novel cell populations with potential implications in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582044. [PMID: 38463969 PMCID: PMC10925197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Pancreatic ducts form an intricate network of tubules that secrete bicarbonate and drive acinar secretions into the duodenum. This network is formed by centroacinar cells, terminal, intercalated, intracalated ducts, and the main pancreatic duct. Ductal heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been poorly characterized; therefore, our understanding of the role of ductal cells in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis has been hampered by the limited knowledge and unexplained diversity within the ductal network. Methods We used scRNA-seq to comprehensively characterize mouse ductal heterogeneity at single-cell resolution of the entire ductal epithelium from centroacinar cells to the main duct. Moreover, we used organoid cultures, injury models and pancreatic tumor samples to interrogate the role of novel ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. Results We have identified the coexistence of 15 ductal populations within the healthy pancreas and characterized their organoid formation capacity and endocrine differentiation potential. Cluster isolation and subsequent culturing let us identify ductal cell populations with high organoid formation capacity and endocrine and exocrine differentiation potential in vitro , including Wnt-responsive-population, ciliated-population and FLRT3 + cells. Moreover, we have characterized the location of these novel ductal populations in healthy pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and tumor samples, highlighting a putative role of WNT-responsive, IFN-responsive and EMT-populations in pancreatic exocrine pathogenesis as their expression increases in chronic pancreatitis and PanIN lesions. Conclusions In light of our discovery of previously unidentified ductal populations, we unmask the potential roles of specific ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis.
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Al-Hasani K, Marikar SN, Kaipananickal H, Maxwell S, Okabe J, Khurana I, Karagiannis T, Liang JJ, Mariana L, Loudovaris T, Kay T, El-Osta A. EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38161208 PMCID: PMC10757994 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize, store and release insulin. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producing β-cells. Destruction of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for survival. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulate β-cell growth and induce β-cell function. We and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regenerating β-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation capacity. Default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 methyltransferase. In the present study, we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells, derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat (Taz) influence a phenotypic shift towards a β-like cell identity. The transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin modification. Targeting EZH2 is fundamental to β-cell regenerative potential. Reprogrammed pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex vivo. These pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration of β-like cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Safiya Naina Marikar
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kaipananickal
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia J Liang
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia
| | - Lina Mariana
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32- Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Wang S, Dong X, Maazi M, Chen N, Mahil A, Kopp JL. GABA treatment does not induce neogenesis of new endocrine cells from pancreatic ductal cells. Islets 2023; 15:2219477. [PMID: 37258189 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2023.2219477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that ductal cells can contribute to endocrine neogenesis in adult rodents after alpha cells convert into beta cells. This can occur through Pax4 mis-expression in alpha cells or through long-term administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to healthy mice. GABA has also been reported to increase the number of beta cells through direct effects on their proliferation, but only in specific genetic mouse backgrounds. To test whether GABA induces neogenesis of beta cells from ductal cells or affects pancreatic cell proliferation, we administered GABA or saline over 2 or 6 months to Sox9CreER;R26RYFP mice in which 60-80% of large or small ducts were efficiently lineage labeled. We did not observe any increases in islet neogenesis from ductal cells between 1 and 2 months of age in saline treated mice, nor between 2 and 6 months of saline treatment, supporting previous studies indicating that adult ductal cells do not give rise to new endocrine cells during homeostasis. Unlike previous reports, we did not observe an increase in beta cell neogenesis after 2 or 6 months of GABA administration. Nor did we observe a significant increase in the pancreatic islet area, the number of insulin and glucagon double positive cells, or cell proliferation in the pancreas. This indicates that the effect of long term GABA administration on the pancreas is minimal or highly context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahan Maazi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amar Mahil
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Olowosoke CB, Gbemisola O, Alaba AA, Adepoju OH, Okorie B, Odjegba PI, Ogunsanmi AO, Oke GA, Akinlolu O, Olubena TL, Bello RO, Adegboyega BB. Multi-regulator of EZH2-PPARs Therapeutic Targets: A Hallmark for Prospective Restoration of Pancreatic Insulin Production and Cancer Dysregulation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7520-7552. [PMID: 37010741 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected rise in cancer and diabetes statistics has been a significant global threat, inciting ongoing research into various biomarkers that can act as innovative therapeutic targets for their management. The recent discovery of how EZH2-PPARs' regulatory function affects the metabolic and signalling pathways contributing to this disease has posed a significant breakthrough, with the synergistic combination of inhibitors like GSK-126 and bezafibrate for treating these diseases. Nonetheless, no findings on other protein biomarkers involved in the associated side effects have been reported. As a result of this virtual study, we identified the gene-disease association, protein interaction networks between EZH2-PPARs and other protein biomarkers regulating pancreatic cancer and diabetes pathology, ADME/Toxicity profiling, docking simulation and density functional theory of some natural products. The results indicated a correlation between obesity and hypertensive disease for the investigated biomarkers. At the same time, the predicted protein network validates the link to cancer and diabetes, and nine natural products were screened to have versatile binding capacity against the targets. Among all natural products, phytocassane A outperforms the standard drugs' (GSK-126 and bezafibrate) in silico validation for drug-likeness profiles. Hence, these natural products were conclusively proposed for additional experimental screening to complement the results on their utility in drug development for diabetes and cancer therapy against the EZH2-PPARs' new target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Busayo Olowosoke
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biotechnology (College of Natural and Applied Sciences), Chrisland University, Km 5, Ajebo Road, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Research Development Unit, Institute of Bioinformatics and Molecular Therapeutics, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Otitoola Gbemisola
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (College of Medicine), University of Ibadan, P.M.B 5017, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adebola Abosede Alaba
- Department of Microbiology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola Hope Adepoju
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry (College of Biosciences), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Benson Okorie
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Peace Ifeoma Odjegba
- Department of Microbiology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide Oluwaseyi Ogunsanmi
- Department of Biochemistry (Faculty of Pure and Applied Science), Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Ayomide Oke
- Department of Food Science and Technology (School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinlolu
- Department of Microbiology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tomiwa Lois Olubena
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan Opeyemi Bello
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Group, FUTA, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Babatunde Adegboyega
- Department of Biotechnology (School of Life Sciences), Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biotechnology (College of Natural and Applied Sciences), Chrisland University, Km 5, Ajebo Road, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Bohuslavova R, Fabriciova V, Smolik O, Lebrón-Mora L, Abaffy P, Benesova S, Zucha D, Valihrach L, Berkova Z, Saudek F, Pavlinkova G. NEUROD1 reinforces endocrine cell fate acquisition in pancreatic development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5554. [PMID: 37689751 PMCID: PMC10492842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NEUROD1 is a transcription factor that helps maintain a mature phenotype of pancreatic β cells. Disruption of Neurod1 during pancreatic development causes severe neonatal diabetes; however, the exact role of NEUROD1 in the differentiation programs of endocrine cells is unknown. Here, we report a crucial role of the NEUROD1 regulatory network in endocrine lineage commitment and differentiation. Mechanistically, transcriptome and chromatin landscape analyses demonstrate that Neurod1 inactivation triggers a downregulation of endocrine differentiation transcription factors and upregulation of non-endocrine genes within the Neurod1-deficient endocrine cell population, disturbing endocrine identity acquisition. Neurod1 deficiency altered the H3K27me3 histone modification pattern in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, which resulted in gene regulatory network changes in the differentiation pathway of endocrine cells, compromising endocrine cell potential, differentiation, and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Valeria Fabriciova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Smolik
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Laura Lebrón-Mora
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia.
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Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rout S, Amirtham SM, Prasad M, Cherian AG, B SR, Sudhakar Y, Prince N. In Vitro Human Fetal Pancreatic Islets to Redefine Pancreatic Research. Cureus 2023; 15:e43244. [PMID: 37692623 PMCID: PMC10491859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies with human fetal islets of different gestational ages (GA) would be a great tool to generate information on the developmental process of the islets as this would help to recontextualize diabetes research and clinical practice. Pancreatic islets from human cadavers and other animal species are extensively researched to explore their suitability for islet transplantation procedure, one of the upcoming treatment strategies for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although human fetal islets are also considered for islet transplantation, ethical issues and limited knowledge constraints their use. The fetal islets could be explored to address the information lacunae on the maturity process of pancreatic islets and the endocrine-exocrine signaling mechanisms. AIM This study aimed to assess the feasibility of isolating viable islets and study the cytoarchitecture of the fetal pancreas of GA 22-29 weeks, not reported otherwise. METHODOLOGY Pancreas obtained from the aborted fetuses of GA 22-29 weeks were subjected to collagenase digestion and were further cultured to determine the viability in vitro. Parameters assessed were expression of markers for endocrine cell lineages and insulin release to glucose challenge. RESULTS Islets were viable in vitro and islets were shown to maintain cues for post-digestion re-aggregation and expansion in culture. The immunofluorescent staining showed islets of varying sizes, homogenous cell clusters aggregating to form heterogenous cell clusters, otherwise not reported for this GA. On stimulation with different concentrations of glucose (2.8 and 28 mM), the fetal islets in the culture exhibited insulin release, and this response confirmed their viability in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that viable islets could be isolated and cultured in vitro for further in-depth studies to explore their proliferative potential as well as for the identification of pancreatic progenitors, a good strategy to take forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Rout
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | | | - Mythraeyee Prasad
- Anatomy, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | | | - Sandya Rani B
- Research, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
| | - Yesudas Sudhakar
- Biochemistry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
| | - Neetu Prince
- Physiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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Naina Marikar S, Al-Hasani K, Khurana I, Kaipananickal H, Okabe J, Maxwell S, El-Osta A. Pharmacological inhibition of human EZH2 can influence a regenerative β-like cell capacity with in vitro insulin release in pancreatic ductal cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:101. [PMID: 37309004 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic replacement of pancreatic endocrine β-cells is key to improving hyperglycaemia caused by insulin-dependent diabetes . Whilst the pool of ductal progenitors, which give rise to the endocrine cells, are active during development, neogenesis of islets is repressed in the human adult. Recent human donor studies have demonstrated the role of EZH2 inhibition in surgically isolated exocrine cells showing reactivation of insulin expression and the influence on the H3K27me3 barrier to β-cell regeneration. However, those studies fall short on defining the cell type active in transcriptional reactivation events. This study examines the role of the regenerative capacity of human pancreatic ductal cells when stimulated with pharmacological inhibitors of the EZH2 methyltransferase. RESULTS Human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells were stimulated with the EZH2 inhibitors GSK-126, EPZ6438, and triptolide using a 2- and 7-day protocol to determine their influence on the expression of core endocrine development marker NGN3, as well as β-cell markers insulin, MAFA, and PDX1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies show a close correspondence of pharmacological EZH2 inhibition with reduced H3K27me3 content of the core genes, NGN3, MAFA and PDX1. Consistent with the reduction of H3K27me3 by pharmacological inhibition of EZH2, we observe measurable immunofluorescence staining of insulin protein and glucose-sensitive insulin response. CONCLUSION The results of this study serve as a proof of concept for a probable source of β-cell induction from pancreatic ductal cells that are capable of influencing insulin expression. Whilst pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 can stimulate secretion of detectable insulin from ductal progenitor cells, further studies are required to address mechanism and the identity of ductal progenitor cell targets to improve likely methods designed to reduce the burden of insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Naina Marikar
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kaipananickal
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30‑32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Li H, Weng W, Zhou B. Perfect duet: Dual recombinases improve genetic resolution. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13446. [PMID: 37060165 PMCID: PMC10212704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a powerful genetic tool, site-specific recombinases (SSRs) have been widely used in genomic manipulation to elucidate cell fate plasticity in vivo, advancing research in stem cell and regeneration medicine. However, the low resolution of conventional single-recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies, which rely heavily on the specificity of one marker gene, has led to controversial conclusions in many scientific questions. Therefore, different SSRs systems are combined to improve the accuracy of lineage tracing. Here we review the recent advances in dual-recombinase-mediated genetic approaches, including the development of novel genetic recombination technologies and their applications in cell differentiation, proliferation, and genetic manipulation. In comparison with the single-recombinase system, we also discuss the advantages of dual-genetic strategies in solving scientific issues as well as their technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wendong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryShenzhenChina
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22
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Manea T, Nelson JK, Garrone CM, Hansson K, Evans I, Behrens A, Sancho R. USP7 controls NGN3 stability and pancreatic endocrine lineage development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2457. [PMID: 37117185 PMCID: PMC10147604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors and mechanisms involved in beta-cell development will guide therapeutic efforts to generate fully functional beta cells for diabetes. Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) is the key transcription factor that marks endocrine progenitors and drives beta-cell differentiation. Here we screen for binding partners of NGN3 and identify the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 as a key regulator of NGN3 stability. Mechanistically, USP7 interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes NGN3. In vivo, conditional knockout of Usp7 in the mouse embryonic pancreas causes a dramatic reduction in islet formation and hyperglycemia in adult mice, due to impaired NGN3-mediated endocrine specification during pancreatic development. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of USP7 during endocrine specification in human iPSC models of beta-cell differentiation decreases NGN3 expressing progenitor cell numbers and impairs beta cell differentiation. Thus, the USP7-NGN3 axis is an essential mechanism for driving endocrine development and beta-cell differentiation, which can be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Manea
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Kristine Nelson
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Karin Hansson
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Imperial College, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Bauer BM, Irimia JM, Bloom-Saldana E, Jeong JW, Fueger PT. Pancreatic loss of Mig6 alters murine endocrine cell fate and protects functional beta cell mass in an STZ-induced model of diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536046. [PMID: 37066257 PMCID: PMC10104126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Maintaining functional beta cell mass (BCM) to meet glycemic demands is essential to preventing or reversing the progression of diabetes. Yet the mechanisms that establish and regulate endocrine cell fate are incompletely understood. We sought to determine the impact of deletion of mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6), a negative feedback inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, on mouse endocrine cell fate. The extent to which loss of Mig6 might protect against loss of functional BCM in a multiple very low dose (MVLD) STZ-induced model of diabetes was also determined. Methods Ten-week-old male mice with whole pancreas (Pdx1:Cre, PKO) and beta cell-specific (Ins1:Cre, BKO) knockout of Mig6 were used alongside control (CON) littermates. Mice were given MVLD STZ (35 mg/kg for five days) to damage beta cells and induce hyperglycemia. In vivo fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance were used to assess beta cell function. Histological analyses of isolated pancreata were utilized to assess islet morphology and beta cell mass. We also identified histological markers of beta cell replication, dedifferentiation, and death. Isolated islets were used to reveal mRNA and protein markers of beta cell fate and function. Results PKO mice had significantly increased alpha cell mass with no detectable changes to beta or delta cells. The increase in alpha cells alone did not impact glucose tolerance, BCM, or beta cell function. Following STZ treatment, PKO mice had 18±8% higher BCM than CON littermates and improved glucose tolerance. Interestingly, beta cell-specific loss of Mig6 was insufficient for protection, and BKO mice had no discernable differences compared to CON mice. The increase in BCM in PKO mice was the result of decreased beta cell loss and increased beta cell replication. Finally, STZ-treated PKO mice had more Ins+/Gcg+ bi-hormonal cells compared to controls suggesting alpha to beta cell transdifferentiation. Conclusions Mig6 exerted differential effects on alpha and beta cell fate. Pancreatic loss of Mig6 reduced beta cell loss and promoted beta cell growth following STZ. Thus, suppression of Mig6 may provide relief of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Bauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose M. Irimia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bloom-Saldana
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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24
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Gribben C, Sancho R, Behrens A. Response to Magenheim et al.: Ductal Ngn3-expressing progenitors contribute to adult beta cell neogenesis in the pancreas. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:345-347. [PMID: 37028401 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Imperial College, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, SW7 2BU, UK; Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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25
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Magenheim J, Maestro MA, Sharon N, Herrera PL, Murtaugh LC, Kopp J, Sander M, Gu G, Melton DA, Ferrer J, Dor Y. Matters arising: Insufficient evidence that pancreatic β cells are derived from adult ductal Neurog3-expressing progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:488-497.e3. [PMID: 37028408 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of pancreatic β cells has profound implications for regenerative therapies in diabetes. For over a century, it was widely held that adult pancreatic duct cells act as endocrine progenitors, but lineage-tracing experiments challenged this dogma. Gribben et al. recently used two existing lineage-tracing models and single-cell RNA sequencing to conclude that adult pancreatic ducts contain endocrine progenitors that differentiate to insulin-expressing β cells at a physiologically important rate. We now offer an alternative interpretation of these experiments. Our data indicate that the two Cre lines that were used directly label adult islet somatostatin-producing ∂ cells, which precludes their use to assess whether β cells originate from duct cells. Furthermore, many labeled ∂ cells, which have an elongated neuron-like shape, were likely misclassified as β cells because insulin-somatostatin coimmunolocalizations were not used. We conclude that most evidence so far indicates that endocrine and exocrine lineage borders are rarely crossed in the adult pancreas.
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26
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Biomedical importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in diabetes and metabolic transdifferentiation of pancreatic duct epithelial cells into β-cells. Gene 2023; 858:147191. [PMID: 36632913 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a major pathway for cellular protein degradation. The molecular function of the UPS is the removal of damaged proteins, and this function is applied in many biological processes, including inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the UPS also has a key role in pancreatic β-cell transdifferentiation in diabetes and can be targeted for treatment of diabetic diseases. In this review, we summarized the mechanistic roles of the UPS in the biochemical activities of pancreatic β-cells, including the role of the UPS in insulin synthesis and secretion, as well as β-cell degradation. Also, we discuss how the UPS mediates the transdifferentiation of pancreatic duct epithelial cells into β-cells as the experimental basis for the development of new strategies for the treatment of diabetes in regenerative medicine.
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27
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Quijano JC, Wedeken L, Ortiz JA, Zook HN, LeBon JM, Luo A, Rawson J, Tremblay JR, Mares JM, Lopez K, Chen MH, Jou K, Mendez-Dorantes C, Al-Abdullah IH, Thurmond DC, Kandeel F, Riggs AD, Ku HT. Methylcellulose colony assay and single-cell micro-manipulation reveal progenitor-like cells in adult human pancreatic ducts. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:618-635. [PMID: 36868230 PMCID: PMC10031308 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation in the adult human pancreas are an under-explored resource for regenerative medicine. Using micro-manipulation and three-dimensional colony assays we identify cells within the adult human exocrine pancreas that resemble progenitor cells. Exocrine tissues were dissociated into single cells and plated into a colony assay containing methylcellulose and 5% Matrigel. A subpopulation of ductal cells formed colonies containing differentiated ductal, acinar, and endocrine lineage cells, and expanded up to 300-fold with a ROCK inhibitor. When transplanted into diabetic mice, colonies pre-treated with a NOTCH inhibitor gave rise to insulin-expressing cells. Both colonies and primary human ducts contained cells that simultaneously express progenitor transcription factors SOX9, NKX6.1, and PDX1. In addition, in silico analysis identified progenitor-like cells within ductal clusters in a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset. Therefore, progenitor-like cells capable of self-renewal and tri-lineage differentiation either pre-exist in the adult human exocrine pancreas, or readily adapt in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C Quijano
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Lena Wedeken
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose A Ortiz
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heather N Zook
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeanne M LeBon
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Angela Luo
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob R Tremblay
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M Mares
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Department of Diabetes & Drug Discovery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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28
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Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T. Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:173-184. [PMID: 36631992 PMCID: PMC10040626 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Corresponding author: Takeshi Miyatsuka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3450 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan E-mail:
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29
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Liu T, Zou X, Ruze R, Xu Q. Bariatric Surgery: Targeting pancreatic β cells to treat type II diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1031610. [PMID: 36875493 PMCID: PMC9975540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1031610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell function impairment and insulin resistance are central to the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery (BS) is a practical treatment approach to treat morbid obesity and achieve lasting T2DM remission. Traditionally, sustained postoperative glycemic control was considered a direct result of decreased nutrient intake and weight loss. However, mounting evidence in recent years implicated a weight-independent mechanism that involves pancreatic islet reconstruction and improved β-cell function. In this article, we summarize the role of β-cell in the pathogenesis of T2DM, review recent research progress focusing on the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on pancreatic β-cell pathophysiology, and finally discuss therapeutics that have the potential to assist in the treatment effect of surgery and prevent T2D relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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Olaniru OE, Kadolsky U, Kannambath S, Vaikkinen H, Fung K, Dhami P, Persaud SJ. Single-cell transcriptomic and spatial landscapes of the developing human pancreas. Cell Metab 2023; 35:184-199.e5. [PMID: 36513063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current differentiation protocols have not been successful in reproducibly generating fully functional human beta cells in vitro, partly due to incomplete understanding of human pancreas development. Here, we present detailed transcriptomic analysis of the various cell types of the developing human pancreas, including their spatial gene patterns. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics at multiple developmental time points and revealed distinct temporal-spatial gene cascades. Cell trajectory inference identified endocrine progenitor populations and branch-specific genes as the progenitors differentiate toward alpha or beta cells. Spatial differentiation trajectories indicated that Schwann cells are spatially co-located with endocrine progenitors, and cell-cell connectivity analysis predicted that they may interact via L1CAM-EPHB2 signaling. Our integrated approach enabled us to identify heterogeneity and multiple lineage dynamics within the mesenchyme, showing that it contributed to the exocrine acinar cell state. Finally, we have generated an interactive web resource for investigating human pancreas development for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Edward Olaniru
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK; Genomics WA, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Telethon Kids Institute QEII Campus, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Heli Vaikkinen
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Fung
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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31
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Gu L, Cui X, Lin X, Yang J, Wei R, Hong T, Yang K. γ-aminobutyric acid modulates α-cell hyperplasia but not β-cell regeneration induced by glucagon receptor antagonism in type 1 diabetic mice. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:19-28. [PMID: 36129525 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or in combination with glucagon receptor (GCGR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) exerted beneficial effects on β-cell mass and α-cell mass, and to explore the origins of the regenerated β-cells in mice with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of GABA (250 μg/kg per day) and/or REMD 2.59 (a GCGR mAb, 5 mg/kg per week), or IgG dissolved in PBS for 8 weeks. Plasma hormone levels and islet cell morphology were evaluated by ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. The origins of the regenerated β-cells were analyzed by double-immunostaining, α-cell lineage-tracing and BrdU-tracing studies. RESULTS After the 8-week treatment, GABA or GCGR mAb alone or in combination ameliorated hyperglycemia in STZ-induced T1D mice. GCGR mAb upregulated plasma insulin level and increased β-cell mass, and GABA appeared to have similar effects in T1D mice. However, combination treatment did not reveal any additive or synergistic effect. Interestingly, the GCGR mAb-induced increment of plasma glucagon level and α-cell mass was attenuated by the combined treatment of GABA. In addition, duct-derived β-cell neogenesis and α-to-β cell conversion but not β-cell proliferation contributed to the increased β-cell mass in T1D mice. CONCLUSION These results suggested that GABA attenuated α-cell hyperplasia but did not potentiates β-cell regeneration induced by GCGR mAb in T1D mice. Our findings provide novel insights into a combination treatment strategy for β-cell regeneration in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiafang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Furth-Lavi J, Hija A, Tornovsky-Babeay S, Mazouz A, Dahan T, Stolovich-Rain M, Klochendler A, Dor Y, Avrahami D, Glaser B. Glycemic control releases regenerative potential of pancreatic beta cells blocked by severe hyperglycemia. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111719. [PMID: 36450253 PMCID: PMC9789023 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetogenic ablation of beta cells in mice triggers a regenerative response whereby surviving beta cells proliferate and euglycemia is regained. Here, we identify and characterize heterogeneity in response to beta cell ablation. Efficient beta cell elimination leading to severe hyperglycemia (>28 mmol/L), causes permanent diabetes with failed regeneration despite cell cycle engagement of surviving beta cells. Strikingly, correction of glycemia via insulin, SGLT2 inhibition, or a ketogenic diet for about 3 weeks allows partial regeneration of beta cell mass and recovery from diabetes, demonstrating regenerative potential masked by extreme glucotoxicity. We identify gene expression changes in beta cells exposed to extremely high glucose levels, pointing to metabolic stress and downregulation of key cell cycle genes, suggesting failure of cell cycle completion. These findings reconcile conflicting data on the impact of glucose on beta cell regeneration and identify a glucose threshold converting glycemic load from pro-regenerative to anti-regenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Furth-Lavi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayat Hija
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Mazouz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tehila Dahan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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33
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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34
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Toren E, Liu Y, Bethea M, Wade A, Hunter CS. The Ldb1 transcriptional co-regulator is required for establishment and maintenance of the pancreatic endocrine lineage. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22460. [PMID: 35881062 PMCID: PMC9397370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200410r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cell development is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that mediate embryonic progenitor differentiation toward mature endocrine cells. Prior studies from our lab and others showed that the islet-enriched TF, Islet-1 (Isl1), interacts with the broadly-expressed transcriptional co-regulator, Ldb1, to regulate islet cell maturation and postnhyperatal function (by embryonic day (E)18.5). However, Ldb1 is expressed in the developing pancreas prior to Isl1 expression, notably in multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) marked by Pdx1 and endocrine progenitors (EPs) expressing Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3). MPCs give rise to the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, while Ngn3+ EPs specify pancreatic islet endocrine cells. We hypothesized that Ldb1 is required for progenitor identity in MPC and EP populations during development to impact islet appearance and function. To test this, we generated a whole-pancreas Ldb1 knockout, termed Ldb1ΔPanc , and observed severe developmental and postnatal pancreas defects including disorganized progenitor pools, a significant reduction of Ngn3-expressing EPs, Pdx1HI β-cells, and early hormone+ cells. Ldb1ΔPanc neonates presented with severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and drastically reduced hormone expression in islets, yet no change in total pancreas mass. This supports the endocrine-specific actions of Ldb1. Considering this, we also developed an endocrine-enriched model of Ldb1 loss, termed Ldb1ΔEndo . We observed similar dysglycemia in this model, as well as a loss of islet identity markers. Through in vitro and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that Ldb1 occupies key Pdx1 and Ngn3 promoter domains. Our findings provide insight into novel regulation of endocrine cell differentiation that may be vital toward improving cell-based diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexa Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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35
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Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1D donor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:248. [PMID: 35864094 PMCID: PMC9304326 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that selectively destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. An unmet need in diabetes management, current therapy is focussed on transplantation. While the reprogramming of progenitor cells into functional insulin-producing β-cells has also been proposed this remains controversial and poorly understood. The challenge is determining why default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reactivation. After the death of a 13-year-old girl with established insulin-dependent T1D, pancreatic cells were harvested in an effort to restore and understand exocrine competence. The pancreas showed classic silencing of β-cell progenitor genes with barely detectable insulin (Ins) transcript. GSK126, a highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity influenced H3K27me3 chromatin content and transcriptional control resulting in the expression of core β-cell markers and ductal progenitor genes. GSK126 also reinstated Ins gene expression despite absolute β-cell destruction. These studies show the refractory nature of chromatin characterises exocrine suppression influencing β-cell plasticity. Additional regeneration studies are warranted to determine if the approach of this n-of-1 study generalises to a broader T1D population.
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36
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Wei T, Wei R, Hong T. Regeneration of β cells from cell phenotype conversion among the pancreatic endocrine cells. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2022; 8:1-4. [PMID: 35620156 PMCID: PMC9128562 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
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37
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Transcriptional control of pancreatic β-cell identity and plasticity during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:316-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Perez-Frances M, Abate MV, Baronnier D, Scherer PE, Fujitani Y, Thorel F, Herrera PL. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells emerge as fetal hormone-expressing cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110377. [PMID: 35172145 PMCID: PMC8864465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise developmental dynamics of the pancreatic islet endocrine cell types, and their interrelation, are unknown. Some authors claim the persistence of islet cell differentiation from precursor cells after birth (“neogenesis”). Here, using four conditional cell lineage tracing (“pulse-and-chase”) murine models, we describe the natural history of pancreatic islet cells, once they express a hormone gene, until late in life. Concerning the contribution of early-appearing embryonic hormone-expressing cells to the formation of islets, we report that adult islet cells emerge from embryonic hormone-expressing cells arising at different time points during development, without any evidence of postnatal neogenesis. We observe specific patterns of hormone gene activation and switching during islet morphogenesis, revealing that, within each cell type, cells have heterogeneous developmental trajectories. This likely applies to most maturating cells in the body, and explains the observed phenotypic variability within differentiated cell types. Such knowledge should help devising novel regenerative therapies. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells arise as embryonic hormone-expressing cells No detectable islet cell differentiation from putative precursor cells after birth Some embryonic hormone-producing cells display a switch in hormone gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Frances
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Valentina Abate
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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39
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MNK2 deficiency potentiates β-cell regeneration via translational regulation. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:942-953. [PMID: 35697798 PMCID: PMC7613404 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating pancreatic β-cells is a potential curative approach for diabetes. We previously identified the small molecule CID661578 as a potent inducer of β-cell regeneration, but its target and mechanism of action have remained unknown. We now screened 257 million yeast clones and determined that CID661578 targets MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (MNK2), an interaction we genetically validated in vivo. CID661578 increased β-cell neogenesis from ductal cells in zebrafish, neonatal pig islet aggregates and human pancreatic ductal organoids. Mechanistically, we found that CID661578 boosts protein synthesis and regeneration by blocking MNK2 from binding eIF4G in the translation initiation complex at the mRNA cap. Unexpectedly, this blocking activity augmented eIF4E phosphorylation depending on MNK1 and bolstered the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G, which is necessary for both hypertranslation and β-cell regeneration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a targetable role of MNK2-controlled translation in β-cell regeneration, a role that warrants further investigation in diabetes.
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40
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Falcomatà C, Saur D. Self-renewal equality in pancreas homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110135. [PMID: 34910913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies by Lodestijn et al. in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports reveal a lack of stem cell hierarchies in acinar cell-derived tissue renewal and host instructed clonogenic growth of pancreatic cancer, thereby elucidating determinants of pancreas regeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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41
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Bonner-Weir S. New evidence for adult beta cell neogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1889-1890. [PMID: 34739830 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Gribben et al. (2021), using improved lineage-tracing mice and longer chase times, have provided clear evidence of new islet cells forming from the pancreatic ducts in adult mice. Perhaps these data will finally put to rest the controversy over beta cell neogenesis in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bonner-Weir
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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42
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Zhao H, Lui KO, Zhou B. Pancreatic beta cell neogenesis: Debates and updates. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2105-2107. [PMID: 34731654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Finding endogenous, renewable sources for insulin-producing beta cells in the adult pancreas is one of the holy grails of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Through lineage tracing and scRNA-seq approaches, Gribben et al. (2021) have recently reported that Ngn3-expressing ductal cells could serve as progenitors for new beta cells in the adult pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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