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Phelps DW, Connors AM, Ferrero G, DeWitt JC, Yoder JA. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances alter innate immune function: evidence and data gaps. J Immunotoxicol 2024; 21:2343362. [PMID: 38712868 PMCID: PMC11249028 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2024.2343362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large class of compounds used in a variety of processes and consumer products. Their unique chemical properties make them ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants while also making them economically viable and socially convenient. To date, several reviews have been published to synthesize information regarding the immunotoxic effects of PFASs on the adaptive immune system. However, these reviews often do not include data on the impact of these compounds on innate immunity. Here, current literature is reviewed to identify and incorporate data regarding the effects of PFASs on innate immunity in humans, experimental models, and wildlife. Known mechanisms by which PFASs modulate innate immune function are also reviewed, including disruption of cell signaling, metabolism, and tissue-level effects. For PFASs where innate immune data are available, results are equivocal, raising additional questions about common mechanisms or pathways of toxicity, but highlighting that the innate immune system within several species can be perturbed by exposure to PFASs. Recommendations are provided for future research to inform hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk management practices for PFASs to protect the immune systems of exposed organisms as well as environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Phelps
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ashley M. Connors
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jamie C. DeWitt
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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2
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Cui Z, Liu Z, Yuan X, Lu K, Li M, Xu S, Chen K, Zheng F, Li Y, Héroux P, Wu Y, Xia D. PFDA promotes cancer metastasis through macrophage M2 polarization mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142758. [PMID: 38969224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFDA) is extensively utilized in the textile and food processing industries and may have a tumor-promoting effect by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages play crucial roles in tumor microenvironment as key regulators of tumor immunity. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate how PFDA interacts with macrophages and contributes to tumor progression. In this study, we treated the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 with various concentrations of PFDA and found that RAW264.7 transitioned into an M2 tumor-promoting phenotype. Through bioinformatic analysis and subsequent verification of molecular assays, we uncovered that PFDA could activate β-catenin and enhance its nuclear translocation. Additionally, it was also observed that inhibiting β-catenin nuclear translocation partly attenuated RAW264.7 M2 polarization induced by PFDA. The conditioned medium derived from PFDA-pretreated RAW264.7 cells significantly promoted the migration and invasion abilities of human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies corroborated that PFDA-pretreated RAW264.7 could promote tumor metastasis, which could be mitigated by pretreatment with the β-catenin inhibitor ICG001. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PFDA could promote cancer metastasis through regulating macrophage M2 polarization in a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Cui
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kean Lu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Xu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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McCall JR, Sausman KT, Brown AP, Mead RN. In vitro cytotoxicity of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human immune cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 100:105910. [PMID: 39047989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of persistent long-lived chemicals with global environmental contamination. The published literature is rife with confusing and sometimes contradictory effects of PFAS on animal and cell models, as well as epidemiological studies. Cytotoxicity studies are often used as an early indicator to guide safety requirements, regulation, and further studies and thus can be useful to understand important toxicity differences by various PFAS. Recent studies have found that PFAS are not equivalently toxic on all cell types, and that not all cell types exhibit the same sensitivity to individual PFAS. However, immune cells have not been well studied. As immune cells are important for regulating responses to environmental toxins, infection, and cancer, we sought to discover the sensitivity of these cells to various PFAS, including legacy and replacement compounds. We assessed a range of concentrations and found that immune cells are generally more robust when exposed to PFAS, and that Jurkat T-cells were more sensitive than THP-1 monocytes. As monocytes are critical for coordinating inflammatory responses to external threats with cell death cascades, we further investigated these cells. We discovered that THP-1 cells do not undergo organized or programmed death, such as apoptosis or pyroptosis, and instead PFAS exposure results in a more necrotic/lytic and unorganized death, likely contributing to potential inflammatory effects downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R McCall
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| | - Kathryn T Sausman
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Ariel P Brown
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Ralph N Mead
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA; Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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4
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de Souza IR, Iulini M, Galbiati V, Rodrigues AC, Gradia DF, Andrade AJM, Firman JW, Pestana C, Leme DM, Corsini E. The evaluation of skin sensitization potential of the UVCB substance diisopentyl phthalate by in silico and in vitro methods. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2153-2171. [PMID: 38806720 PMCID: PMC11169023 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Diisopentyl phthalate (DiPeP) is primarily used as a plasticizer or additive within the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and has many additional industrial applications. Its metabolites were recently found in urinary samples of pregnant women; thus, this substance is of concern as relates to human exposure. Depending upon the nature of the alcohol used in its synthesis, DiPeP may exist either as a mixture consisting of several branched positional isomers, or as a single defined structure. This article investigates the skin sensitization potential and immunomodulatory effects of DiPeP CAS No. 84777-06-0, which is currently marketed and classified as a UVCB substance, by in silico and in vitro methods. Our findings showed an immunomodulatory effect for DiPeP in LPS-induced THP-1 activation assay (increased CD54 expression). In silico predictions using QSAR TOOLBOX 4.5, ToxTree, and VEGA did not identify DiPeP, in the form of a discrete compound, as a skin sensitizer. The keratinocyte activation (Key Event 2 (KE2) of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization) was evaluated by two different test methods (HaCaT assay and RHE assay), and results were discordant. While the HaCaT assay showed that DiPeP can activate keratinocytes (increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, and ILA gene expression), in the RHE assay, DiPeP slightly increased IL-6 release. Although inconclusive for KE2, the role of DiPeP in KE3 (dendritic cell activation) was demonstrated by the increased levels of CD54 and IL-8 and TNF-α in THP-1 cells (THP-1 activation assay). Altogether, findings were inconclusive regarding the skin sensitization potential of the UVCB DiPeP-disagreeing with the results of DiPeP in the form of discrete compound (skin sensitizer by the LLNA assay). Additional studies are needed to elucidate the differences between DiPeP isomer forms, and to better understand the applicability domains of non-animal methods in identifying skin sensitization hazards of UVCB substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Anderson J M Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - James W Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cynthia Pestana
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Baumert BO, Wang H, Samy S, Park SK, Lam CN, Dunn K, Pinto-Pacheco B, Walker D, Landero J, Conti D, Chatzi L, Hu H, Goodrich JA. Environmental pollutant risk factors for worse COVID-19 related clinical outcomes in predominately hispanic and latino populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119072. [PMID: 38729411 PMCID: PMC11198996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFAS) and heavy metals constitute two classes of environmental exposures with known immunotoxicant effects. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure to heavy metals and PFAS on COVID-19 severity. We hypothesized that elevated plasma-PFAS concentrations and urinary heavy metal concentrations would be associated with increased odds of ICU admission in COVID-19 hospitalized individuals. METHODS Using the University of Southern California Clinical Translational Sciences Institute (SC-CTSI) biorepository of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, urinary concentrations of 15 heavy metals and urinary creatinine were measured in n = 101 patients and plasma concentrations of 13 PFAS were measured in n = 126 patients. COVID-19 severity was determined based on whether a patient was admitted to the ICU during hospitalization. Associations of metals and PFAS with ICU admission were assessed using logistic regression models, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and for metals, urinary dilution. RESULTS The average age of patients was 55 ± 14.2 years. Among SC-CTSI participants with urinary measurement of heavy metals and blood measures of PFAS, 54.5% (n = 61) and 54.8% (n = 80) were admitted to the ICU, respectively. For heavy metals, we observed higher levels of Cd, Cr, and Cu in ICU patients. The strongest associations were with Cadmium (Cd). After accounting for covariates, each 1 SD increase in Cd resulted in a 2.00 (95% CI: 1.10-3.60; p = 0.03) times higher odds of admission to the ICU. When including only Hispanic or Latino participants, the effect estimates between cadmium and ICU admission remained similar. Results for PFAS were less consistent, with perfluorodecanesulfonic acid (PFDS) exhibiting a positive but non-significant association with ICU admission (Odds ratio, 95% CI: 1.50, 0.97-2.20) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) exhibiting a negative association with ICU admission (0.53, 0.31-0.88). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that environmental exposures may impact COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shar Samy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chun Nok Lam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn Dunn
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brismar Pinto-Pacheco
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Douglas Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julio Landero
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Antonopoulou M, Spyrou A, Tzamaria A, Efthimiou I, Triantafyllidis V. Current state of knowledge of environmental occurrence, toxic effects, and advanced treatment of PFOS and PFOA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169332. [PMID: 38123090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic synthetic compounds, with high chemical and thermal stability and a persistent, stable and bioaccumulative nature that renders them a potential hazard for the environment, its organisms, and humans alike. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the most well-known substances of this category and even though they are phased out from production they are still highly detectable in several environmental matrices. As a result, they have been spread globally in water sources, soil and biota exerting toxic and detrimental effects. Therefore, up and coming technologies, namely advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are being tested for their implementation in the degradation of these pollutants. Thus, the present review compiles the current knowledge on the occurrence of PFOS and PFOA in the environment, the various toxic effects they have induced in different organisms as well as the ability of AOPs and ARPs to diminish and/or eliminate them from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Spyrou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Anna Tzamaria
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30131 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Sigvaldsen A, Højsager FD, Paarup HM, Beck IH, Timmermann CAG, Boye H, Nielsen F, Halldorsson TI, Nielsen C, Möller S, Barington T, Grandjean P, Jensen TK. Early-life exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and serum antibody concentrations towards common childhood vaccines in 18-month-old children in the Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117814. [PMID: 38042520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced antibody response to childhood vaccinations. Previous studies have mostly focused on antibodies against diphtheria or tetanus, while fewer studies have assessed antibodies toward attenuated viruses, such as measles, mumps or rubella (MMR). Therefore, we set out to determine associations between prenatal and early postnatal PFAS exposure and vaccine-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the background-exposed Odense Child Cohort. Blood samples were drawn in pregnancy at gestation weeks 8-16 and from the offspring at age 18 months. In the maternal serum samples we quantified perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). In the offspring serum samples we quantified the same five PFAS compounds and IgG towards diphtheria, tetanus and MMR. A total of 880 and 841 children were included in the analyses of diphtheria and tetanus or MMR, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used for estimation of difference in virus-specific IgG per doubling of PFAS concentrations. Maternal PFAS concentrations were non-significantly inversely associated with most vaccine-specific antibody concentrations. Likewise, child PFAS concentrations were associated with non-significant reductions of antibodies towards tetanus and MMR. A significant reduction in the percent difference in mumps antibody concentration per doubling of child PFNA (-9.2% (95% confidence interval: -17.4;-0.2)), PFHxS (-8.3% (-15.0;-1.0) and PFOS (-7.9% (-14.8;-0.4) was found. These findings are of public health concern, as inadequate response towards childhood vaccines may represent a more general immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sigvaldsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Damsgaard Højsager
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Iben Have Beck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Henriette Boye
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Christel Nielsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sören Möller
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Barington
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Tang H, Wang Y, Si S, Li H, Chen DDY. Quantification of perfluorinated compounds in atmospheric particulate shows potential connection with environmental event. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:237-247. [PMID: 37923434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from atmospheric particulate matter (APM) is described. A single step pretreatment method, selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE), was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps. An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), for quantification of PFCs. Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency, including temperature, static extraction time, and number of extraction cycles used, were studied. The optimum conditions were found to be 120°C, 10 min, and 3 cycles, respectively. LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs. The method detection limits (MDLs) were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g. To ensure accurate values were obtained, each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination. The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds. Finally, the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019. It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes, and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement, while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- National Institute of Metrology, 18 Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengling Si
- Si Chuan Zhong Ce Biao Wu Technology Co. Ltd., Sichuan 610052, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada.
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9
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Zhao L, Teng M, Shi D, Sun J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Wu F. Adverse impacts of environmentally relevant PFOS alternatives on mice pancreatic tissues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168649. [PMID: 37977398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives are chemicals that are used to make a range of products. Researchers have found that PFOS alternatives are probably no less toxic than PFOS, which has aroused concern. It has also revealed that the pancreas may be harmed by exposure to PFOS alternatives. However, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the toxicity mechanisms of PFOS alternatives. This study demonstrates the adverse effects of three PFOS alternatives on the pancreatic health of mice. After subchronic exposure to PFOS alternatives at environmentally relevant concentrations (800 μg/L perfluorohexanesulfonate, 800 μg/L perfluorobutanesulfonate, and 3 μg/L sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate) via drinking water for 6 weeks, toxicity mechanisms were elucidated by examining histopathology, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, 16S rRNA, and short-chain fatty acid targeted metabolomics. Sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, p-PERK, and ATF-4 and decreased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus reuteri. In addition, the three PFOS alternatives changed the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. Short-chain fatty acids, which are metabolites of the gut microbiota, also significantly decreased. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the alteration of gut microbes is related to the adverse effects on the mice pancreas. Results suggest that the murine pancreas may be toxic endpoints of PFOS alternatives. This study alerts the threats to human health and accelerates the toxicology research of an increasing number of emerging PFOS alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Di Shi
- Research & Development Affairs Office, Tsinghua University, 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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10
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Lu W, Ahmed W, Mahmood M, Wenjie O, Jiannan L, Yunting W, Jie Y, Wenxin X, Xiuxian F, Zhao H, Liu W, Li W, Mehmood S. A study on the effectiveness of sodium selenite in treating cadmium and perfluoro octane sulfonic (PFOS) poisoned zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:319-331. [PMID: 37020163 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoro octane sulfonate (PFOS) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic elements in the environment. As a micronutrient trace element, selenium (Se) can mitigate the adverse effects induced by PFOS and Cd. However, few studies have examined the correlation between Se, PFOS and Cd in fish. The present study focused on the antagonistic effects of Se on PFOS+Cd-induced accumulation in the liver of zebrafish. The fish was exposed to PFOS (0.08mg/L), Cd (1mg/L), PFOS+ Cd (0.08 mg/L PFOS+1 mg/L Cd), L-Se (0.07mg/L Sodium selenite +0.08mg/L PFOS+1mg/L Cd), M-Se (0.35mg/L Sodium selenite + 0.08mg/L PFOS+ 1 mg/L Cd), H-Se (1.75 mg/L Sodium selenite + 0.08 mg/L PFOS+ 1mg/L Cd) for 14d. The addition of selenium to fish exposed to PFOS and Cd has been found to have significant positive effects. Specifically, selenium treatments can alleviate the adverse effects of PFOS and Cd on fish growth, with a 23.10% improvement observed with the addition of T6 compared to T4. In addition, selenium can alleviate the negative effects of PFOS and Cd on antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish liver, thus reducing the liver toxicity caused by PFOS and Cd. Overall, the supplementation of selenium can reduce the health risks to fish and mitigate the injuries caused by PFOS and Cd in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ou Wenjie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Jiannan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wang Yunting
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Jie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xu Wenxin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fu Xiuxian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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11
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Hollister J, Caban-Martinez AJ, Ellingson KD, Beitel S, Fowlkes AL, Lutrick K, Tyner HL, Naleway AL, Yoon SK, Gaglani M, Hunt D, Meece J, Mayo Lamberte J, Schaefer Solle N, Rose S, Dunnigan K, Khan SM, Kuntz JL, Fisher JM, Coleman A, Britton A, Thiese MS, Hegmann KT, Pavuk M, Ramadan FA, Fuller S, Nematollahi A, Sprissler R, Burgess JL. Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations and longitudinal change in post-infection and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117297. [PMID: 37816422 PMCID: PMC10842580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous throughout the United States. Previous studies have shown PFAS exposure to be associated with a reduced immune response. However, the relationship between serum PFAS and antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination has not been examined. We examined differences in peak immune response and the longitudinal decline of antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination by serum PFAS levels in a cohort of essential workers in the United States. We measured serum antibodies using an in-house semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two cohorts contributed blood samples following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination. We used linear mixed regression models, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, presence of chronic conditions, location, and occupation, to estimate differences in immune response with respect to serum PFAS levels. Our study populations included 153 unvaccinated participants that contributed 316 blood draws over a 14-month period following infection, and 860 participants and 2451 blood draws over a 12-month period following vaccination. Higher perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) concentrations were associated with a lower peak antibody response after infection (p = 0.009, 0.031, 0.015). Higher PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFHxS, and PFNA concentrations were associated with slower declines in antibodies over time after infection (p = 0.003, 0.014, 0.026, 0.025). PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA serum concentrations prior to vaccination were not associated with differences in peak antibody response after vaccination or with differences in decline of antibodies over time after vaccination. These results suggest that elevated PFAS may impede potential immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by blunting peak antibody levels following infection; the same finding was not observed for immune response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hollister
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, USA
| | - Katherine D Ellingson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Karen Lutrick
- College of Medicine - Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Allison L Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarang K Yoon
- University of Utah Health, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, USA
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Natasha Schaefer Solle
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Sana M Khan
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kuntz
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Alissa Coleman
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kurt T Hegmann
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Amy Nematollahi
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Sprissler
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, Office for Research, Innovation and Impact, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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12
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Qin Y, Yuan X, Cui Z, Chen W, Xu S, Chen K, Wang F, Zheng F, Ni H, Shen HM, Wu Y, Xia D. Low dose PFDA induces DNA damage and DNA repair inhibition by promoting nuclear cGAS accumulation in ovarian epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115503. [PMID: 37742570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the versatile anthropogenic chemicals, are popular with the markets and manufactured in large quantities yearly. Accumulation of PFAS has various adverse health effects on human. Albeit certain members of PFAS were found to have genotoxicity in previous studies, the mechanisms underlying their effects on DNA damage repair remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) on DNA damage and DNA damage repair in ovarian epithelial cells through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. At environmentally relevant concentration, we firstly found that PFDA can cause DNA damage in primary mouse ovarian epithelial cells and IOSE-80 cells. Moreover, nuclear cGAS increased in PFDA-treated cells, which leaded to the efficiency of DNA homologous recombination (HR) decreased and DNA double-strand breaks perpetuated. In vivo experiments also verified that PFDA can induce more DNA double-strand breaks lesions and nuclear cGAS in ovarian tissue. Taken together, our results unveiled that low dose PFDA can cause deleterious effects on DNA and DNA damage repair (DDR) in ovarian epithelial cells and induce genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Qin
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyan Cui
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhan Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sinan Xu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Ni
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Nazim T, Lusina A, Cegłowski M. Recent Developments in the Detection of Organic Contaminants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Various Analytical Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3868. [PMID: 37835917 PMCID: PMC10574876 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) encompass a diverse array of polymeric matrices that exhibit the unique capacity to selectively identify a designated template molecule through specific chemical moieties. Thanks to their pivotal attributes, including exceptional selectivity, extended shelf stability, and other distinct characteristics, this class of compounds has garnered interest in the development of highly responsive sensor systems. As a result, the incorporation of MIPs in crafting distinctive sensors and analytical procedures tailored for specific analytes across various domains has increasingly become a common practice within contemporary analytical chemistry. Furthermore, the range of polymers amenable to MIP formulation significantly influences the potential utilization of both conventional and innovative analytical methodologies. This versatility expands the array of possibilities in which MIP-based sensing can be employed in recognition systems. The following review summarizes the notable progress achieved within the preceding seven-year period in employing MIP-based sensing techniques for analyte determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał Cegłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (T.N.); (A.L.)
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14
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Tan Y, Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, Kannan K, Corwin EJ, Ryan PB, Eatman JA, Liang D, Eick SM. Association between a Mixture of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13419-13428. [PMID: 37649345 PMCID: PMC10900195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as environmental contributors to adverse birth outcomes. One potential mechanistic pathway could be through PFAS-related inflammation and cytokine production. Here, we examined associations between a PFAS mixture and inflammatory biomarkers during early and late pregnancy from participants enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort (N = 425). Serum concentrations of multiple PFAS were detected in >90% samples at 8-14 weeks gestation. Serum concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at up to two time points (8-14 weeks and 24-30 weeks gestation). The effect of the PFAS mixture on each inflammatory biomarker was examined using quantile g-computation, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), Bayesian Weighted Sums (BWS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Across all models, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α at both time points, with the strongest effects being observed at 24-30 weeks. Using quantile g-computation, increasing concentrations of a PFAS mixture were associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval = 18.0%, 40.7%) increase in TNF-α at 24-30 weeks. Similarly, using BWS, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased TNF-α at 24-30 weeks (summed effect = 0.29, 95% highest posterior density = 0.17, 0.41). The PFAS mixture was also positively associated with TNF-α at 24-30 weeks using BKMR [75th vs 50th percentile: 17.1% (95% credible interval = 7.7%, 27.4%)]. Meanwhile, PFOS was consistently the main drivers of overall mixture effect across four methods. Our findings indicated an increase in prenatal PFAS exposure is associated with an increase in multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Taibl
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | | | - P. Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jasmin A. Eatman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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15
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Min EK, Lee H, Sung EJ, Seo SW, Song M, Wang S, Kim SS, Bae MA, Kim TY, Lee S, Kim KT. Integrative multi-omics reveals analogous developmental neurotoxicity mechanisms between perfluorobutanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131714. [PMID: 37263023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), an alternative to legacy perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), is not fully understood yet. Therefore, we conducted a developmental toxicity evaluation on zebrafish embryos exposed to PFBS and PFOS and assessed neurobehavioral changes at concentrations below each point of departure (POD) determined by embryonic mortality. Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, biomolecular perturbations in response to PFBS were profiled and then integrated for comparison with those for PFOS. Although PFBS (7525.47 μM POD) was approximately 700 times less toxic than PFOS (11.42 μM POD), altered neurobehavior patterns and affected kinds of endogenous neurochemicals were similar between PFBS and PFOS at the corresponding POD-based concentrations. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the PFBS neurotoxicity mechanism was associated with oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and glycolysis/glucogenesis. The commonalities in developmental neurotoxicity-related mechanisms between PFBS and PFOS interconnected by knowledge-based integration of multi-omics included the calcium signaling pathway, lipid homeostasis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Despite being less toxic than PFOS, PFBS exhibited similar dysregulated molecular mechanisms, suggesting that chain length differences do not affect the intrinsic toxicity mechanism. Overall, carefully managing potential toxicity of PFBS can secure its status as an alternative to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ki Min
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eun Ji Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Seo
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungha Song
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Wang
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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de Souza IR, Iulini M, Galbiati V, Silva EZM, Sivek TW, Rodrigues AC, Gradia DF, Pestana CB, Leme DM, Corsini E. An integrated in silico-in vitro investigation to assess the skin sensitization potential of 4-Octylphenol. Toxicology 2023; 493:153548. [PMID: 37207816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in chemical toxicity testing is the possibility to protect human health against adverse effects with non-animal methods. In this paper, 4-Octylphenol (OP) was tested for skin sensitization and immunomodulatory effects using an integrated in silico-in vitro test approach. In silico tools (QSAR TOOLBOX 4.5, ToxTree and VEGA) were used together with several in vitro tests including HaCaT cells (quantification of IL-6; IL-8; IL-1α and IL-18 by ELISA and expression of genes TNF, IL1A, IL6 and IL8 by RT- qPCR), RHE model (quantification of IL-6; IL-8; IL-1α and IL-18 by ELISA) and THP-1 activation assay (CD86/CD54 expression and IL-8 release). Additionally, the immunomodulatory effect of OP was investigated using lncRNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1 expression and LPS-induced THP-1 activation (CD86/CD54 expression and IL-8 release). The in silico tools predicted OP as a sensitizer. In vitro tests are also concordant with the in silico prediction. OP increased IL-6 expression (HaCaT cells); IL-18 and IL-8 expressions (RHE model). An irritant potential was also shown by a great expression of IL-1α (RHE model); and increased expression of CD54 marker and IL-8 in THP-1 cells. Immunomodulatory effects of OP were demonstrated by the downregulation of NEAT1, MALAT1 (epigenetic markers), IL6 and IL8; and an increase in LPS-induced CD54 and IL-8 expressions. Overall, results indicate that OP is a skin sensitizer, being positive in three key events of the AOP for skin sensitization, also showing immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enzo Zini Moreira Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tainá Wilke Sivek
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Bomfim Pestana
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Burbank AJ, Fry RC, Keet CA. Associations between serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and asthma morbidity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-18). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100078. [PMID: 37274185 PMCID: PMC10237357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of chemicals widely used in manufacturing and are highly resistant to degradation, so they accumulate in the environment. Serum concentrations of these so-called forever chemicals have been associated with impairment of innate and adaptive immune responses. The relationship between serum PFAS levels and asthma morbidity has not been studied. Objective We tested the association between serum PFAS concentration and asthma exacerbations. Methods We performed secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-18). We fit multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for asthma exacerbation in the prior 12 months, given serum concentrations of PFAS. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates. Results Of 1101 participants with self-reported current asthma and available serum PFAS data, we observed that higher serum perfluorooctanoic and perfluorodecanoic acids were associated with greater odds of asthma attacks in the previous 12 months (respectively, adjusted odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.33; and adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.03, 1.43). After stratification by age, the association between perfluorooctanoic acid and asthma attacks was significant in the 12-18-year-old group only (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.06, 2.31). No significant relationships were observed between PFAS and asthma-related emergency department visits. After correction for multiple comparison testing, none of the associations reached the threshold of significance. Conclusion The role of these bioaccumulative forever chemicals in susceptibility to asthma attacks warrants further examination in longitudinal studies. (J Allergy Clin Immunol Global 2023;2:100078.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Burbank
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Corinne A. Keet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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18
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Nie L, Yang Z, Qin X, Lai KP, Qin J, Yang B, Su M. Vitamin C protects the spleen against PFOA-induced immunotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161266. [PMID: 36592905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in industrial and consumer products of our daily life. It is well-documented that PFOA is closely associated with fatty liver disease. Recently, cumulating studies demonstrated the immunotoxicity of PFOA, but its harmful effect on the largest immune organ, spleen is still largely unknown. In the present study, we used PFOA-exposed mouse model together with comparative transcriptomic analysis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunotoxicity of PFOA. Furthermore, we investigated the possible use of vitamin C to reverse the PFOA-induced immunotoxicity in spleen. Our result showed that the PFOA exposure could reduce the spleen weight and plasma lymphocytes, and the splenic comparative transcriptomic analysis highlighted the alteration of cell proliferation, metabolism and immune response through the regulation of gene clusters including nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenases (NNT) and lymphocyte antigen 6 family member D and K (LY6D and LY6K). More importantly, the supplementation of vitamin C would relieve the PFOA-reduced spleen index and white blood cells. The bioinformatic analysis of transcriptome suggested its involvement in the spleen cell proliferation and immune response. For the first time, our study delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying the PFOA-induced immunotoxicity in the spleen. Furthermore, our results suggested that the supplementation of vitamin C had beneficial effect on the PFOA-altered spleen functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, PR China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Jingru Qin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China.
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China.
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19
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Zhang L, Louie A, Rigutto G, Guo H, Zhao Y, Ahn S, Dahlberg S, Sholinbeck M, Smith MT. A systematic evidence map of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115188. [PMID: 36592815 PMCID: PMC10044447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to induce chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are two key characteristics of carcinogens and important forms of immunotoxicity. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) evaluated the immunotoxicity of two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), in 2016. However, the potential pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of other PFASs remain largely uncharacterized. METHODS We developed an expanded set of search terms pertaining to the chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of PFASs based on those of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and NTP. To confirm searching effectiveness and scope, we compared our search term results with those of IARC and NTP for both PFASs and two other known carcinogens, chromium (VI) and benzene. Systematic evidence maps (SEMs) were also produced using Tableau to visualize the distribution of study numbers and types reporting immunotoxic effects and specific biomarkers elicited by PFAS exposures. RESULTS In total, 1155 PFAS studies were retrieved, of which 321 qualified for inclusion in our dataset. Using our search terms, we identified a greater number of relevant studies than those obtained using IARC and NTP's search terms. From the SEM findings, increased cytokine production strengthened an association between PFAS exposure and chronic inflammation, and decreased B-cell activation and altered levels of T-cell subtypes and immunoglobulins confirmed PFAS-induced immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Our SEM findings confirm that several PFASs commonly found in both in the environment, including those that are lesser-known, may induce immunosuppression and chronic inflammation, two key characteristics of carcinogens. This approach, including development of search terms, study screening process, data coding, and evidence mapping visualizations, can be applied to other key characteristics of chemical carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rigutto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Helen Guo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stacy Ahn
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sarah Dahlberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael Sholinbeck
- Bioscience, Natural Resources & Public Health Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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20
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Ehrlich V, Bil W, Vandebriel R, Granum B, Luijten M, Lindeman B, Grandjean P, Kaiser AM, Hauzenberger I, Hartmann C, Gundacker C, Uhl M. Consideration of pathways for immunotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Environ Health 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 36814257 PMCID: PMC9944481 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of public health concern, because of their ubiquitous and extremely persistent occurrence, and depending on their structure, their bio-accumulative, mobile and toxic properties. Human health effects associated with exposure to PFAS include adverse effects on the immune system. In 2020, EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) defined adverse effects on the immune system as the most critical effect for human health risk assessment, based on reduced antibody responses to childhood vaccines and similar effects observed in experimental animal studies. Likewise, the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) considers PFAS-induced immunotoxicity, especially in children, as the critical effect for risk assessment. However, the mechanisms by which antibody concentrations are impacted are not completely understood. Furthermore, other targets of the immune system functions have been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to explore PFAS-associated immune-related effects. This includes, relevant mechanisms that may underlie the observed effects on the immune system, immunosuppression as well as immunoenhancement, such as i) modulation of cell signalling and nuclear receptors, such as NF-κB and PPARs; ii) alteration of calcium signalling and homoeostasis in immune cells; iii) modulation of immune cell populations; iv) oxidative stress and v) impact on fatty acid metabolism & secondary effects on the immune system. METHODS A literature research was conducted using three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus), which were searched in July 2021 for relevant studies published in the time frame from 2018 to 2021. In total, 487 publications were identified as potentially eligible and following expert-based judgement, articles relevant for mechanisms of PFAS induced immunotoxicity are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we show that there is substantial evidence from both in vitro and in vivo experimental as well as epidemiological studies, supporting that various PFAS, not only PFOA and PFOS, affect multiple aspects of the immune system. Timing of exposure is critical, because the developing immune system is especially vulnerable to toxic insults, resulting in a higher risk of particularly adverse immune effects but also other organs later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ehrlich
- Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wieneke Bil
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Berit Granum
- Division of Climate and Environment Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Division of Climate and Environment Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Andreas-Marius Kaiser
- Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Hauzenberger
- Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Hartmann
- Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (Umweltbundesamt GmbH), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Azhagiya Singam ER, Durkin KA, La Merrill MA, Furlow JD, Wang JC, Smith MT. The vitamin D receptor as a potential target for the toxic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): An in-silico study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114832. [PMID: 36403651 PMCID: PMC10044465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to their persistence and toxicity, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) constitute significant hazards to human health and the environment. Their effects include immune suppression, altered hormone levels, and osteoporosis. Recently, the most studied PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was shown to competitively binding to the Vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR plays a crucial role in regulating genes involved in maintaining immune, endocrine, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting it may be a target for at least some of the health effects of PFAS. Hence, this study examined the potential binding of 5206 PFASs to VDR using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and free energy binding calculations. We identified 14 PFAS that are predicted to interact strongly with VDR, similar to the natural ligands. We further investigated the interactions of VDR with 256 PFASs of established commercial importance. Eighty-three (32%) of these 256 commercially important PFAS were predicted to be stronger binders to VDR than PFOA. At least 16 PFASs of regulatory importance, because they have been identified in water supplies and human blood samples, were also more potent binders to VDR than PFOA. Further, PFASs are usually found together in contaminated drinking water and human blood samples, which raises the concern that multiple PFASs may act together as a mixture on VDR function, potentially producing harmful effects on the immune, endocrine, and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen A Durkin
- Molecular Graphics and Computation Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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22
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Wang W, Hong X, Zhao F, Wu J, Wang B. The effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on female fertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114718. [PMID: 36334833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reproductive toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been verified in both animal and in vitro experiments, however, the association between PFAS and female fertility remains contradictory in population studies. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the effects of PFAS on female fertility based on population evidence. METHODS Electronic searches of the Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were conducted (from inception to March 2022) to collect observational studies related to PFAS and female fertility. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted information and evaluated the risk of bias for the included studies, meta-analysis was performed using R software. RESULTS A total of 5468 records were searched and 13 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure was negatively associated with the female fecundability odds ratio (FOR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (Cl) [0.78; 0.98]) and positively associated with the odds ratio for infertility (OR = 1.33, 95%Cl [1.03; 1.73]). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure was negatively associated with the fecundability odds ratio (FOR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.90; 0.98]). Pooled effect values for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) exposure did not find sufficient evidence for an association with female fertility. CONCLUSION Based on the evidence provided by the current study, increased levels of PFAS exposure are associated with reduced fertility in women, this was characterized by a reduction in fecundability odds ratio and an increase in odds ratio for infertility. This finding could partially explain the decline in female fertility and provide insight into risk assessment when manufacturing products containing PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Janssen AWF, Louisse J, Rijkers D, Pinckaers NET, Hoekstra SA, Hoogenboom RLAP, Peijnenburg AACM, Beekmann K. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) decrease the expression of recombination-activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) in human B lymphoma Namalwa cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 97:10.1007/s00204-022-03405-z. [PMID: 36326898 PMCID: PMC9859925 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent and have been shown to induce a wide range of adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity. So far, little information is available about the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PFASs, including those related to their immunotoxicity. Reported immunotoxic effects of PFASs include decreased antibody responses in experimental animals and humans, indicating that PFASs may, among others, affect B cell function. In the present study, we first assessed the effects of PFOA on the transcriptome of the human Namalwa B cell line using RNA seq analysis. Gene expression changes, analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, pointed to various cellular processes affected by PFOA, including 'B cell development' and 'Primary immunodeficiency signaling'. Interestingly, PFOA decreased the expression of RAG1 and RAG2, genes involved in immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V(D)J recombination. As a next step, time- and concentration-dependent changes in the expression of RAG1 and RAG2 upon exposure to PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS were studied through RT-qPCR analysis. Analysis with the concentration-response modeling software PROAST resulted in the following potency ranking: PFNA > PFOA > PFOS > PFHxS. Altogether, the present in vitro study provides insights into the effects of selected PFASs on B cells, identifying RAG1 and RAG2 expression as possible relevant targets that may play a role in the immunotoxicity of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke W F Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole E T Pinckaers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerdtje A Hoekstra
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron L A P Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Masi M, Maddalon A, Iulini M, Linciano P, Galbiati V, Marinovich M, Racchi M, Corsini E, Buoso E. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the expression of RACK1 and LPS-induced THP-1 cell activation. Toxicology 2022; 480:153321. [PMID: 36113621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a complex hormonal balance among glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens involved in the regulation of Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) expression and its related immune cells activation, highlights the possibility to employ this protein as screening tool for the evaluation of the immunotoxic profile of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), hormone-active substances capable of interfering with the physiologic hormonal signaling. Hence, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the exposure of EDCS 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on RACK1 expression and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of the human monocytic cell line THP-1, a validated model for this investigation. In line with our previous results with estrogen-active compounds, EE treatment significantly induced RACK1 promoter transcriptional activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels, which paralleled an increase in LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α production and CD86 expression, previously demonstrated to be dependent on RACK1/PKCβ activation. EE mediates its effect on RACK1 expression through G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and androgen receptor (AR) ligand-independent cascade, as also suggested by in silico molecular docking simulation. Conversely, DEP and PFOS induced a dose-dependent downregulation of RACK1 promoter transcriptional activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels, which was mirrored by a reduction of IL-8, TNF-α production and CD86 expression. Mifepristone pre-treatments abolish DEP and PFOS effects, confirming their GR agonist profile, also corroborated by molecular docking. Altogether, our data confirm that RACK1 represents an interesting target of steroid active compounds, which expression offers the opportunity to screen the immunotoxic potential of different hormone-active substances of concerns due to their human exposure and environmental persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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25
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) modify in vitro mitogen- and antigen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:715-737. [PMID: 35611390 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2075816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are present in human serum at the highest concentration among all per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Serum concentrations as high as 500 ng and 3000 ng PFOA/ml have been detected in individuals living near contamination sites and those occupationally exposed, respectively. Animal and human studies indicated that PFOA and PFOS at these serum concentrations perturb the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to 1, 10, or 100 µM PFOA or PFOS in a medium with serum (RPMI-1640 + 5% human AB serum) on the measurement of proliferation, T cell activation, generation of memory T cells, and cytokine production/secretion. In addition, these immune system parameters were assessed for PBMC in a serum-free medium (OpSFM), which was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (2.5 µg/ml) or influenza vaccine antigen (0.625 µg/ml Flu Ag). PFOS decreased proliferation stimulated by PHA or Flu Ag. With Flu Ag stimulation, PFOA and PFOS inhibited the generation of memory T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In OpSFM, PFOA and PFOS produced no marked change in proliferation and no inhibition of T cell activation. Cytokines measured in the media with Luminex methodology indicated decreased PBMC secretion of IFN-γ by PFOA and PFOS in medium with serum, but no alteration in OpSFM. The results indicated that changes in immune parameters due to PFOA or PFOS following Flu Ag stimulation are medium (±serum) dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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26
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Zhang X, Xue L, Deji Z, Wang X, Liu P, Lu J, Zhou R, Huang Z. Effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on vaccine antibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119442. [PMID: 35568291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are essential for children to defend against infection. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants with the characteristics of persistence and bioaccumulation. PFAS exposure can affect the function of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system of animals and humans. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological studies investigating potential relationships between PFAS exposure and vaccine antibody levels, and assessed whether PFAS would affect vaccine response in healthy children. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to February 2022. We chose studies that measured serum vaccines antibodies and PFAS concentrations of the participants. Essential information, including mean difference of percentage change, regression coefficient, odds ratio, Spearman correlation coefficient, and 95% confidence intervals, were extracted from the selected studies to conduct descriptive analysis and meta-analysis where appropriate. The qualities of these studies were evaluated as well. Finally, nine epidemiological studies about children met our inclusion criteria. A high degree of heterogeneity is observed in terms of breastfeeding time, confounder control, and detection method. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid is negatively associated with tetanus antibody level in children without heterogeneity by Cochran's Q test (p = 0.26; p = 0.55), and exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate is negatively associated with tetanus antibody level but with heterogeneity (p = 0.04). This comprehensive review suggests that PFAS can have adverse health effects on children by hindering the production of vaccine antibodies. There are some consistent and negative associations between children exposure to certain PFAS and tetanus antibody level. The association of the other four vaccines (measles, rubella, mumps, and influenza) with PFAS remains uncertain, because very few studies are available. Further studies are needed to validate the possible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhuoma Deji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Ruke Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
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28
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Lee HY, You DJ, Taylor-Just AJ, Linder KE, Atkins HM, Ralph LM, De la Cruz G, Bonner JC. Pulmonary exposure of mice to ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX) suppresses the innate immune response to carbon black nanoparticles and stimulates lung cell proliferation. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:244-259. [PMID: 35704474 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2086651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with respiratory diseases in humans, yet the mechanisms through which PFAS cause susceptibility to inhaled agents is unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), an emerging PFAS, on the pulmonary immune response of mice to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP). We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to GenX would increase susceptibility to CBNP through suppression of innate immunity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to vehicle, 4 mg/kg CBNP, 10 mg/kg GenX, or CBNP and GenX by oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 1 and 14 days postexposure for cytokines and total protein. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology, immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3), western blotting (p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB), and qRT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs. RESULTS CBNP increased CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF at both time points evaluated. However, GenX/CBNP co-exposure reduced CBNP-induced CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF. Moreover, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IL-1β mRNAs were increased by CBNP in lung tissue but reduced by GenX. Western blotting showed that CBNP induced p-NF-κB in lung tissue, while the GenX/CBNP co-exposed group displayed decreased p-NF-κB. Furthermore, mice exposed to GenX or GenX/CBNP displayed increased numbers of BALF macrophages undergoing mitosis and increased Ki67 immunostaining. This was correlated with increased p-STAT3 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from mice co-exposed to GenX/CBNP. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure to GenX suppressed CBNP-induced innate immune response in the lungs of mice yet promoted the proliferation of macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Ralph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Impact of Firefighting Aqueous Film-Forming Foams on Human Cell Proliferation and Cellular Mortality. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e340-e344. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Translatability and transferability of in silico models: context of use switching to predict the effects of environmental chemicals on the immune system. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1764-1777. [PMID: 35495116 PMCID: PMC9035946 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxicity hazard identification of chemicals aims to evaluate the potential for unintended effects of chemical exposure on the immune system. Perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFAS), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are persistent, globally disseminated environmental contaminants known to be immunotoxic. Elevated PFAS exposure is associated with lower antibody responses to vaccinations in children and in adults. In addition, some studies have reported a correlation between PFAS levels in the body and lower resistance to disease, in other words an increased risk of infections or cancers. In this context, modelling and simulation platforms could be used to simulate the human immune system with the aim to evaluate the adverse effects that immunotoxicants may have. Here, we show the conditions under which a mathematical model developed for one purpose and application (e.g., in the pharmaceutical domain) can be successfully translated and transferred to another (e.g., in the chemicals domain) without undergoing significant adaptation. In particular, we demonstrate that the Universal Immune System Simulator was able to simulate the effects of PFAS on the immune system, introducing entities and new interactions that are biologically involved in the phenomenon. This also revealed a potentially exploitable pathway for assessing immunotoxicity through a computational model.
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31
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Membrane polarization in non-neuronal cells as a potential mechanism of metabolic disruption by depolarizing insecticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 160:112804. [PMID: 34990786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A significant rise in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has occurred worldwide in the last two decades. Concurrently, a growing body of evidence suggests a connection between exposure to environmental pollutants, particularly insecticides, and the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes key evidence of (1) the presence of different types of neuronal receptors - target sites for neurotoxic insecticides - in non-neuronal cells, (2) the activation of these receptors in non-neuronal cells by membrane-depolarizing insecticides, and (3) changes in metabolic functions, including lipid and glucose accumulation, associated with changes in membrane potential. Based on these findings, we propose that changes in membrane potential (Vmem) by certain insecticides serve as a novel regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in non-excitable cells associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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32
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Shi H, Chiang SYD, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liang S, Zhou J, Fontanez R, Gao S, Huang Q. An electrocoagulation and electrooxidation treatment train to remove and degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147723. [PMID: 34034184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of a novel treatment train that combines electrocoagulation (EC) with electrooxidation (EO) treatment to remove and degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water. Electrocoagulation with a zinc anode could effectively remove PFASs from water, and long-chain PFASs (C7-C10) tended to have a higher removal rate. Foam was generated when a relatively high current density (>1 mA cm-2) was applied to a relatively high PFAS concentration (each PFAS > 0.1 μM) during EC, which promoted the separation of PFASs from the bulk solution, especially for long-chain PFASs. Isotherm-like adsorption results indicated that competitive adsorption on floc occurred between PFASs when no foam was produced in a solution containing 10 different PFASs. Acid dissolution methods could recover and concentrate 10 PFASs in controlled volumes from both the floc and the foam, and it was also successfully applied in groundwater collected from a contaminated site. The concentrated PFASs in the acid solutions were efficiently destructed using EO treatment with a Ti4O7 anode at 10 mA cm-2, and no supplement of electrolyte was needed for the floc dissolved solution. This electrochemical-based process can economically separate, concentrate and destroy PFASs in groundwater and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | | | - Yaye Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Shangtao Liang
- AECOM Technical Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30309, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- AECOM Technical Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30309, United States
| | - Raymond Fontanez
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States.
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33
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Margolis R, Sant KE. Associations between Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, or Insulin Resistance: A Scoping Review. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:115-129. [PMID: 34564296 PMCID: PMC8482218 DOI: 10.3390/jox11030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental pollutants that are commonly found in the human body due to exposures via drinking water, surfactants used in consumer materials, and aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). PFAS exposure has been linked to adverse health effects such as low infant birth weights, cancer, and endocrine disruption, though increasingly studies have demonstrated that they may perturb metabolic processes and contribute to dysfunction. This scoping review summarizes the chemistry of PFAS exposure and the epidemiologic evidence for associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the development of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and/or insulin resistance. We identified 11 studies on gestational diabetes mellitus, 3 studies on type 1 diabetes, 7 studies on type 2 diabetes, 6 studies on prediabetes or unspecified diabetes, and 15 studies on insulin resistance or glucose tolerance using the SCOPUS and PubMed databases. Approximately 24 reported positive associations, 9 negative associations, 2 non-linear associations, and 2 inverse associations, and 8 reported no associations found between PFAS and all diabetes search terms. Cumulatively, these data indicate the need for further studies to better assess these associations between PFAS exposure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karilyn E. Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
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34
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Wang M, Li Q, Hou M, Chan LLY, Liu M, Ter SK, Dong T, Xia Y, Chotirmall SH, Fang M. Inactivation of common airborne antigens by perfluoroalkyl chemicals modulates early life allergic asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011957118. [PMID: 34099560 PMCID: PMC8214667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011957118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma, driven by T helper 2 cell-mediated immune responses to common environmental antigens, remains the most common respiratory disease in children. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are environmental contaminants of great concern, because of their wide application, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulation. PFCs associate with immunological disorders including asthma and attenuate immune responses to vaccines. The influence of PFCs on the immunological response to allergens during childhood is unknown. We report here that a major PFC, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), inactivates house dust mite (HDM) to dampen 5-wk-old, early weaned mice from developing HDM-induced allergic asthma. PFOS further attenuates the asthma protective effect of the microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrate that PFOS prevents desensitization of lung epithelia by LPS, thus abolishing the latter's protective effect. A close mechanistic study reveals that PFOS specifically binds the major HDM allergen Der p1 with high affinity as well as the lipid A moiety of LPS, leading to the inactivation of both antigens. Moreover, PFOS at physiological human (nanomolar) concentrations inactivates Der p1 from HDM and LPS in vitro, although higher doses did not cause further inactivation because of possible formation of PFOS aggregates. This PFOS-induced neutralization of LPS has been further validated in primary human cell models and extended to an in vivo bacterial infection mouse model. This study demonstrates that early life exposure of mice to a PFC blunts airway antigen bioactivity to modulate pulmonary inflammatory responses, which may adversely affect early pulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418 Shanghai, China
| | - Louisa L Y Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Kai Ter
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore;
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35
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Guo H, Zhang H, Sheng N, Wang J, Chen J, Dai J. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure induces splenic atrophy via overactivation of macrophages in male mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124862. [PMID: 33360190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a synthetic and widely used chemical, has aroused wide public concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. To investigate splenic atrophy induced by PFOA, male mice were exposed to 0, 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg/d PFOA for 28 d. Results demonstrated that spleen weight and relative spleen weight (RSW) decreased in the 2 and 10 mg/kg/d PFOA exposure groups. Iron levels in the spleen and serum were also reduced in all PFOA exposure groups. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 7 043 genes highlighted enrichment in cell cycle, autoimmunity, and anemia in the spleen. In addition, changes in the levels of hemoglobin, platelets, bilirubin, and heme oxygenase-1 were consistent with anemia. The ratio of total macrophages to M1 macrophages in the spleen, phagocytic ability of macrophages, and levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 all increased, thus suggesting the occurrence of autoimmune disorder. Therefore, we concluded that overactivation of macrophages may be an important reason for splenic atrophy induced by PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiamiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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36
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Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), Its Occurrence, Fate, Transport and Removal in Various Environmental Media: A Review. CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING AND WASTEWATER SOURCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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37
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Lv J, Cheng Y. Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5435-5467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, protein delivery, drug delivery, 19F MRI, PDT, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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38
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Pham A, Zhang J, Feng L. Exposure to perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid disrupts the production of angiogenesis factors and stress responses in human placental syncytiotrophoblast. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:269-277. [PMID: 33144174 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and ubiquitous nature. We and others have reported that maternal exposure to PFAS is associated with adverse birth outcomes due to altered placental functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of two major PFAS compounds, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), on the regulation of the production of angiogenic factors and stress response in placental multinucleated syncytial BeWo cells using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Using this in vitro model, we showed that 1) PFOS or PFBS treatment did not seem to interrupt BeWo cell fusion through syncytins; 2) Exposure to PFOS at 10 μM decreased a potent angiogenic factor PlGF gene expression, which is implicated in preeclampsia; 3) Exposure to either PFOS or PFBS significantly decreased the production of CGB7 and hCG except hCG secretion in PFOS (10 nM) and PFBS (100 nM) treatment groups; 4) Exposure to PFOS (10 μM) increased the gene expression of the stress response molecules CRH while neither PFOS nor PFBS treatment affected a stress mitigation factor 11β-HSD2 expression. Our results demonstrate that exposure to PFOS or PFBS impacts several key pathways involved in placental cell functions. PFOS seems more potent than PFBS. These novel findings provide a potential explanation for the adverse reproductive complications associated with prenatal exposure to PFOS or PFBS, including preeclampsia and contribute to our knowledge of the reproductive toxicity of PFAS, specifically PFOS and PFBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Marinello WP, Mohseni ZS, Cunningham SJ, Crute C, Huang R, Zhang JJ, Feng L. Perfluorobutane sulfonate exposure disrupted human placental cytotrophoblast cell proliferation and invasion involving in dysregulating preeclampsia related genes. FASEB J 2020; 34:14182-14199. [PMID: 32901980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000716rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We reported that maternal PFBS, an emerging pollutant, exposure is positively associated with preeclampsia which can result from aberrant trophoblasts invasion and subsequent placental ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of PFBS on trophoblasts proliferation/invasion and signaling pathways. We exposed a human trophoblast line, HTR8/SVneo, to PFBS. Cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle were evaluated by the MTS assay, Ki-67 staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. We assessed cell migration and invasion with live-cell imaging-based migration assay and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Signaling pathways were examined by Western blot, RNA-seq, and qPCR. PFBS exposure interrupted cell proliferation and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. PFBS (100 μM) did not cause cell death but instead significant cell proliferation without cell cycle disruption. PFBS (10 and 100 μM) decreased cell migration and invasion, while PFBS (0.1 μM) significantly increased cell invasion but not migration. Further, RNA-seq analysis identified dysregulated HIF-1α target genes that are relevant to cell proliferation/invasion and preeclampsia, while Western Blot data showed the activation of HIF-1α, but not Notch, ERK1/2, (PI3K)AKT, and P38 pathways. PBFS exposure altered trophoblast cell proliferation/invasion which might be mediated by preeclampsia-related genes, suggesting a possible association between prenatal PFBS exposure and adverse placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zahra S Mohseni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah J Cunningham
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Crute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun J Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Timmermann CAG, Jensen KJ, Nielsen F, Budtz-Jørgensen E, van der Klis F, Benn CS, Grandjean P, Fisker AB. Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Vaccine Responses, and Morbidity in a Cohort of Guinea-Bissau Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:87002. [PMID: 32772733 PMCID: PMC7416537 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of widely used persistent chemicals with suspected immunotoxic effects. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to examine the association between infant PFAS exposure and antibody responses to measles vaccination as well as morbidity in a low-income country. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, children from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, were followed from inclusion (4-7 months of age) through 2 years of age. Half the children received two measles vaccinations (at inclusion and at 9 months of age), and the other half received only one (at 9 months of age). In a subset of 237 children, six PFAS were quantified in serum at inclusion, and measles antibody concentrations were assessed at inclusion and at approximately 9 months and 2 years of age. At inclusion and at the 9-month visit, mothers were interviewed about infant morbidity. RESULTS All but one child had detectable serum concentrations of all six PFAS, although levels were lower than seen elsewhere. A doubling in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were associated with 21% (95% CI: 2, 37%) and 25% (95% CI: 1, 43%), respectively, lower measles antibody concentrations at the 9-month visit among the children who had received a measles vaccine at inclusion. Elevated serum PFAS concentrations were also associated with reduced prevaccination measles antibody concentrations and increased morbidity. DISCUSSION The present study documents that PFAS exposure has reached West Africa and that infants show PFAS-associated increases in morbidity and decreases in measles-specific antibody concentrations before and after vaccination. These findings support the evidence on PFAS immunotoxicity at comparatively low serum concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6517.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Research Unit of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Fiona van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Research Unit of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ane Bærent Fisker
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
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van der Veen I, Hanning AC, Stare A, Leonards PEG, de Boer J, Weiss JM. The effect of weathering on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from durable water repellent (DWR) clothing. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126100. [PMID: 32062207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of weathering on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from durable water repellent (DWR) clothing, thirteen commercial textile samples were exposed to elevated ultra violet (UV) radiation, humidity, and temperature in an aging device for 300 h, which mimics the lifespan of outdoor clothing. Before and after aging, the textile samples were extracted and analysed for the ionic PFASs (perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA)) and volatile PFASs (fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), acrylates (FTACs) and methacrylates (FTMACs)). Results showed that weathering can have an effect on PFASs used in DWR of outdoor clothing, both on the PFAS profile and on the measured concentrations. In most weathered samples the PFAA concentrations increased by 5- to more than 100-fold, while PFAAs not detected in the original textiles were detected in the weathered samples. DWR chemistries are based on side-chain fluorinated polymers. A possible explanation for the increase in concentration of the PFAAs is hydrolysis of the fluorotelomer based polymers (FTPs), or degradation of the FTOHs, which are used in the manufacturing of the FTPs. The concentrations of volatile PFASs also increased, by a factor up to 20. Suggested explanations are the degradation of the DWR polymers, making non-extractable fluorines extractable, or the transformation or degradation of unknown precursors. Further research is needed to unravel the details of these processes and to determine the transformation routes. This study shows that setting maximum tolerance limits only for a few individual PFASs is not sufficient to control these harmful substances in outdoor clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike van der Veen
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Ann Stare
- RISE IVF AB, Argongatan 30, SE-431 53, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusv. 8, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden
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Predieri B, Bruzzi P, Bigi E, Ciancia S, Madeo SF, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082937. [PMID: 32331412 PMCID: PMC7215452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. The etiology of T1D is not fully understood but it seems multifactorial. The genetic background determines the predisposition to develop T1D, while the autoimmune process against β-cells seems to be also determined by environmental triggers, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Environmental EDCs may act throughout different temporal windows as single chemical agent or as chemical mixtures. They could affect the development and the function of the immune system or of the β-cells function, promoting autoimmunity and increasing the susceptibility to autoimmune attack. Human studies evaluating the potential role of exposure to EDCs on the pathogenesis of T1D are few and demonstrated contradictory results. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize experimental and epidemiological studies on the potential role of exposure to EDCs in the development of T1D. We highlight what we know by animals about EDCs’ effects on mechanisms leading to T1D development and progression. Studies evaluating the EDC levels in patients with T1D were also reported. Moreover, we discussed why further studies are needed and how they should be designed to better understand the causal mechanisms and the next prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-5217
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Elena Bigi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Simona F. Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
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Chang S, Parker GA, Kleinschmidt SE, Olsen GW, Ley CA, Taiwo OA. A Pathology Review of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in Relation to Ulcerative Colitis in Rats and Cynomolgus Macaques Treated With Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:593-602. [PMID: 32186254 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Among many short-term, subchronic, and chronic toxicology studies with ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), the gastrointestinal tract has not been identified as a target organ for PFOA-related toxicity in laboratory animals where the corresponding serum PFOA concentrations typically approach several orders of magnitude higher than the general human population. These lack of gastrointestinal tract-related findings were in direct contrast to an epidemiological observation where a positive trend was observed for ulcerative colitis, an idiopathic chronic inflammatory condition of the gut, in a Mid-Ohio River community whose drinking water contained higher levels of PFOA. This study was conducted to perform a histological reevaluation of large intestine sections in laboratory animals from 2 long-term toxicological studies: one was with Sprague Dawley rats that received ammonium PFOA in their diet for 2 years and the other one was with cynomolgus macaques that received daily capsules of ammonium PFOA for 6 months. In both studies, there was a lack of histological evidence of treatment-related inflammatory lesions that was suggestive of the occurrence of ulcerative colitis in these laboratory animals even under the most rigorous treatment schedules. These findings do not offer support for the biological plausibility of the epidemiological associations reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A Parker
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, NC, USA
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Temkin AM, Hocevar BA, Andrews DQ, Naidenko OV, Kamendulis LM. Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1668. [PMID: 32143379 PMCID: PMC7084585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immortalization or alter DNA repair. While more research is needed to address data gaps, evidence exists that several PFAS exhibit one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Temkin
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Barbara A. Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
| | - David Q. Andrews
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Olga V. Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Lisa M. Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) modify lung surfactant function and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Beck IH, Timmermann CAG, Nielsen F, Schoeters G, Jøhnk C, Kyhl HB, Høst A, Jensen TK. Association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and asthma in 5-year-old children in the Odense Child Cohort. Environ Health 2019; 18:97. [PMID: 31730470 PMCID: PMC6858758 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common non-communicable disease in children. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of persistent environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting abilities, has been associated with immunomodulation and may contribute to the aetiology of asthma. We investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to five PFASs and asthma in 5-year-old children. METHODS We studied 981 mother-child pairs within the Odense Child Cohort (OCC), Denmark. We measured perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in maternal serum donated in early pregnancy. A standardized questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used to assess wheeze, self-reported asthma and doctor-diagnosed asthma among children at age 5 years. Associations were examined using logistic regression analyses adjusting for parity, maternal educational level, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, asthma predisposition and child sex. RESULTS Among the 5-year-old children 18.6% reported wheeze and 7.1% reported asthma. We found no association between prenatal exposure to PFAS and doctor-diagnosed asthma or wheeze. Prenatal PFAS exposure was associated with self-reported asthma, although only significant for PFNA (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.03,3.23). CONCLUSION Our findings support the suggested immunomodulatory effects of PFASs, however, additional studies are warranted. In order to verify our findings, it is important to re-examine the children with postnatal measurements of serum PFAS concentrations and additional clinical diagnostic testing at an older age where an asthma diagnosis is more valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Have Beck
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camilla Jøhnk
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arne Høst
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark.
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Zhao Y, Hao C, Zhai R, Bao L, Wang D, Li Y, Yu X, Huang R, Yao W. Effects of cyclophosphamide on the phenotypes and functions of THP-1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103201. [PMID: 31202006 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early and accurate evaluation of immunotoxicity is crucial. However, there are few in vitro models for immunosuppressive evaluation. THP-1 cells has long been used for in vitro sensitivity evaluation. Whether it can be used for immunosuppressive evaluation remains unclear. In this study, effects of immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CY) on THP-1 cells were observed while 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used as a control. The phenotypes of THP-1 cells, the ability to activate naïve T cells, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, gene markers, phagocytic ability and cell apoptosis were detected after THP-1 cells being exposed to different concentrations of CY and DNCB. Both CY and DNCB were able to activate THP-1 cells, but there were a lot of differences in their effects on THP-1 cells, such as the changes in phenotypes, in the ability to activate naïve T cells, in ROS production and in marker gene expression. Firstly, CY down-regulated the expression of CD86 on THP-1 cells while DNCB up-regulated its expression. Secondly, the ability of THP-1 cells to activate naïve T cells was enhanced by CY and suppressed by DNCB. Thirdly, CY raised rapid and transient elevation of ROS level in THP-1 cells, while the effects of DNCB were slower and longer-lasting. Finally, only CY could lead to an increase in heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) expression. Taken all these results into account, we suggested that THP-1 cell line possesses the potency to be an in vitro model of immunosuppressive evaluation. And the surface molecule CD86, the ability to activate naïve T cells, the ROS production and the gene marker HMOX1 of THP-1 cells are promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ruonan Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xinghao Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ruoxuan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Jaspers VLB, Waugh CA. PFOS mediates immunomodulation in an avian cell line that can be mitigated via a virus infection. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:214. [PMID: 31238913 PMCID: PMC6593586 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. Immunomodulation is among the most concerning of toxic effects linked with PFAS exposure in mammalian models. However, no studies had yet shown this to be true in birds. Thus, we designed and conducted the first study to determine if PFASs could cause immunomodulation in birds. Secondly, we wanted to determine the effects on an avian host when exposed not only to immunomodulating chemicals, but also to a viral challenge. The aim, to determine if PFAS mediated immunmodulation functionally affects a pathogen challenge for a host. As innate immune system signalling pathways initiate crucial responses against a pathogen challenge, and are lesser studied than their adaptive counterparts, we focused on these pathways. To provide the first information on this, an in vitro experiment was designed and performed using chicken embryo fibroblasts exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (22 ppm) and immune markers characterised before and after being infected with gallid herpesvirus-2 (GaHV-2). RESULTS The expression of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) were investigated in various scenarios. These results showed that exposure to PFOS decreased immune gene expression in chicken fibroblasts from 36 h post-exposure. Next, it was shown that this decrease could be mitigated by infection with gallid herpesvirus-2, which increased gene expression back to the baseline/control levels. CONCLUSIONS Not only is this the first study to provide the expected evidence that PFOS has immunomodulatory potential in birds, it also provides unexpected data that virus infections can mitigate this negative effect. Thereby, further research, including in vivo and in situ studies, on the impact of PFOS on host-virus interactions is now warranted, as it has been overlooked and might contribute to our understanding of recent disease outbreaks in wildlife. The mechanisms by which gallid herpesvirus mitigates immunomodulation were beyond the scope of this study, but are now of interest for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Castaño-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Present address: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Veerle L. B. Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Courtney A. Waugh
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Gaylord A, Berger KI, Naidu M, Attina TM, Gilbert J, Koshy TT, Han X, Marmor M, Shao Y, Giusti R, Goldring RM, Kannan K, Trasande L. Serum perfluoroalkyl substances and lung function in adolescents exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:266-272. [PMID: 30822559 PMCID: PMC8336627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of childhood exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on lung function remain mostly unknown. Previous research indicates that children living or going to school near the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster were exposed to high levels of PFASs, among other toxic chemicals. To explore the effects of PFAS exposure on lung function, we measured serum PFASs in a cohort of children from the WTC Health Registry and a matched control group. Perfluorooctanesulfonate had the highest median concentrations in both groups (WTCHR = 3.72 ng/mL, Comparison = 2.75 ng/mL), while the lowest median concentrations were seen for perfluoroundecanoic acid (WTCHR = 0.12 ng/mL, Comparison = 0.01 ng/mL). Lung function outcomes were measured by spirometry, plethysmography, and oscillometry. Asthma diagnosis and serum eosinophil count were also recorded. We examined the relationships of each PFAS with lung function parameters and eosinophil count using linear regressions. Odds ratios for asthma were obtained for each PFAS using logistic regression. The effect of total PFASs on these outcomes was also assessed. All regression models were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, body mass index (BMI) and tobacco smoke exposure. We found that serum PFASs were not statistically associated with the measured lung function parameters, asthma diagnosis, or eosinophil count in this cohort (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for more longitudinal studies to explore the long-term effects of childhood PFAS exposure on lung function past adolescence and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Gaylord
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth I Berger
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa M Attina
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Gilbert
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tony T Koshy
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Public Health Sciences Department, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Marmor
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Giusti
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta M Goldring
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Kurtz AE, Reiner JL, West KL, Jensen BA. Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in Hawaiian Cetaceans and Potential Biomarkers of Effect: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha and Cytochrome P450 4A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2830-2839. [PMID: 30681325 PMCID: PMC7240808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent in marine biota and are toxic to many species, including marine mammals. We measured the concentrations of 15 PFAAs in liver and kidney samples of 16 species of stranded cetaceans from Hawai'i and other tropical North Pacific regions utilizing high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Eleven PFAAs in liver and nine PFAAs in kidney were detected, including substantial perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). Regression models indicated that phylogenetic family and age class significantly influenced concentrations of certain PFAAs. PFAAs can activate transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which induces transcription of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A). Relative expression of PPARα and CYP4A mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR (qPCR) and CYP4A protein expression, using Western blot and then compared to PFAA concentrations in liver and kidney. Concentrations of four PFAA congeners, summation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (ΣPFCAs), and ΣPFAAs correlated significantly with PPARα mRNA expression and CYP4A protein expression in kidney, suggesting either may be biomarkers of PFAA exposure in cetaceans. This is the first study to quantify PFAAs in marine mammals from this region and the first observation of a direct relationship between PFAA exposure and PPARα and CYP4A expression in cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Kurtz
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai‘i Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, United States
| | - Jessica L. Reiner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kristi L. West
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai‘i Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, United States
| | - Brenda A. Jensen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai‘i Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, United States
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