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Gahr M. [Metabolic adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic drugs]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 39313203 DOI: 10.1055/a-2405-5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic adverse drug reactions (mADR) related to psychotropic drugs have significant health-related effects including weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia as well as economic relevance. Nearly all antipsychotics (AP) and many antidepressants (AD) and mood stabilisers may induce weight gain. Weight development in the first weeks or months after the beginning of the therapy is the strongest predictor for weight gain related to AP and AD. The most important risk factors for mADR are antagonistic effects at H1-, 5-HT2C- und M3-receptors and antidopaminergic effects. However, several other systems are also relevant. Systematic monitoring of metabolic parameters is recommended in all patients treated with substances that are associated with an increased risk of mADR. Lifestyle modification, dietary measures, exercise therapy, dose reduction, change and discontinuation of the substance, and additional treatment with metformin and topiramate are evidence-based treatment options for AP-associated weight gain. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide are also promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Gahr
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Schloss Werneck, Werneck, Germany
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2
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Sudharsan R, Kwok J, Swider M, Sumaroka A, Aguirre GD, Cideciyan AV, Beltran WA. Retinal prolactin isoform PRLΔE1 sustains rod disease in inherited retinal degenerations. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:682. [PMID: 39294136 PMCID: PMC11410941 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
PRLΔE1, a retina-specific isoform of prolactin, is expressed in multiple and diverse forms of canine inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). We find that while PRLΔE1 expression in rods is not associated with the initial phase of disease characterized by acute photoreceptor cell death, it is associated with the protracted phase of slow cell loss. Restoration of photoreceptors to a healthy state by gene-specific replacement therapy of individual IRDs successfully suppresses PRLΔE1 expression. Moreover, short-term PRLΔE1 silencing using shRNA results in preservation of outer nuclear layer thickness, suggesting PRLΔE1 drives retinal disease. However, longer-term observations reveal off-target toxic effects of the PRLΔE1 shRNA, precluding determination of its full therapeutic potential. Future research efforts aimed at enhancing the safety and specificity of PRLΔE1-targeting strategies may identify a potential universal intervention strategy for sustaining photoreceptors during the prolonged phase of multiple IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavi Sudharsan
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Kwok
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malgorzata Swider
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Sumaroka
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William A Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Mele C, Pigni S, Caputo M, Birtolo MF, Ciamparini C, Mazziotti G, Lania AGA, Marzullo P, Prodam F, Aimaretti G. Could low prolactin levels after radiotherapy predict the onset of hypopituitarism? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09900-1. [PMID: 39172174 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Both local and external cranial radiotherapy (RT) can induce neurotoxicity and vascular damage of the hypothalamic-pituitary area, which can promote neuroendocrine alterations. While anterior pituitary insufficiency after RT has been extensively characterized, data on the effect of RT on prolactin (PRL) secretion are limited and heterogeneous, with different patterns of PRL behavior described in the literature. A progressive decline in PRL levels, reflecting a time-dependent, slowly evolving radiation-induced damage to the pituitary lactotroph cells has been reported. To date, the association between hypopituitarism and hypoprolactinemia in patients undergoing RT has not yet been fully investigated. The few available data suggest that lower PRL levels can predict an extent damage of the pituitary tissue and a higher degree of hypothalamic dysfunction. However, most studies on the effect of RT on pituitary function do not properly assess PRL secretion, as PRL deficiency is usually detected as part of hypopituitarism and not systematically investigated as an isolated disorder, which may lead to an underestimation of hypoprolactinemia after RT. In addition, the often-inadequate follow-up over a long period of time may contribute to the non-recognition of PRL deficiency after RT. Considering that hypoprolactinemia is associated with various metabolic complications, there is a need to define appropriate diagnostic and management criteria. Therefore, hypoprolactinemia should enter in the clinical investigation of patients at risk for hypopituitarism, mainly in those patients who underwent RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Birtolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Carola Ciamparini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Antonio Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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Yogeeta F, Rauf SA, Devi M, Imran K, Ahmed R, Aruwani PK, Saad M, Tooba F, Hashmani FZ, Ibrahim M, Kumar N, Shah HH, Hussain T, Haque MA. Prolactinoma: Navigating the Dual Challenge of Side Effects and Treatment Strategies - A Comprehensive Review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4613-4623. [PMID: 39118737 PMCID: PMC11305738 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review provides a succinct exploration of prolactinoma, the most common pituitary adenoma, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic interventions. Beginning with an overview of its prevalence and aetiology, the review delves into the gender distribution and familial associations of prolactinoma. Clinical presentations, including endocrine disruptions, reproductive health issues, and metabolic disturbances, are examined, emphasizing their impact on hormonal regulation and cardiovascular health. The narrative then navigates through pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, and radiation therapy, highlighting their efficacy, side effects, and long-term management challenges. Strategies to mitigate side effects and optimize treatment outcomes are discussed, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in prolactinoma management. This review is a concise yet comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals and researchers, providing insights into prolactinoma's clinical complexities and therapeutic nuances to guide optimal patient care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Yogeeta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | | | - Muskan Devi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | - Komal Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | - Rubayyi Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | | | - Muhammad Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | - Fnu Tooba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | | | - Mufliha Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College
| | - Hussain Haider Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Public Health, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology
- Voice of Doctors Research School, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Scairati R, Auriemma RS, Del Vecchio G, Di Meglio S, Pivonello R, Colao A. Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14190. [PMID: 38470045 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well-known effects, novel tissue-specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging. AIMS To dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole-body gluco-insulinemic sensitivity. METHODS PubMed-based search with the following terms 'prolactin', 'glucose metabolism', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'gestational diabetes mellitus' was performed. DISCUSSION The identification of the PRL-glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone. RESULTS This review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β-cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes. CONCLUSION A careful evaluation and context-driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas, drug-related hyper- and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Scairati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Guendalina Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Di Meglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hofbauer S, Horka L, Seidenberg S, Da Mutten R, Regli L, Serra C, Beuschlein F, Erlic Z. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters in relation to baseline characterization and treatment outcome in patients with prolactinoma: insights from a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary center. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1363939. [PMID: 38645431 PMCID: PMC11026551 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1363939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prolactinomas (PRLs) are prevalent pituitary adenomas associated with metabolic changes and increased cardiovascular morbidity. This study examined clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles in PRL patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic markers. Methods The study comprised data from 59 PRL patients gathered in a registry at the University Hospital of Zurich. Diagnostic criteria included MRI findings and elevated serum prolactin levels. We assessed baseline and follow-up clinical demographics, metabolic markers, serum inflammation-based scores, and endocrine parameters. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on prolactin normalization, tumor shrinkage, and cabergoline dosage. Results The PRL cohort exhibited a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, prediabetes/diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia compared to the general population. Significant correlations were found between PRL characteristics and BMI, HbA1c, and fT4 levels. Follow-up data indicated decreases in tumor size, tumor volume, prolactin levels, and LDL-cholesterol, alongside increases in fT4 and sex hormones levels. No significant associations were observed between baseline parameters and tumor shrinkage at follow-up. A positive association was noted between PRL size/volume and the time to achieve prolactin normalization, and a negative association with baseline fT4 levels. Conclusion This study underscores the metabolic significance of PRL, with notable correlations between PRL parameters and metabolic indices. However, inflammatory markers were not significantly correlated with patient stratification or outcome prediction. These findings highlight the necessity for standardized follow-up protocols and further research into the metabolic pathogenesis in PRL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Hofbauer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Horka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Seidenberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Da Mutten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Regli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Serra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zoran Erlic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Eroğlu İ, Iremli BG, Erkoc A, Idilman IS, Yuce D, Kutukcu EC, Akata D, Erbas T. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Bone and Muscle Quality in Prolactinoma: A Pilot Study. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101479. [PMID: 38447349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperprolactinemia has negative impacts on metabolism and musculoskeletal health. In this study, individuals with active prolactinoma were evaluated for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and musculoskeletal health, which are underemphasized in the literature. METHODS Twelve active prolactinoma patients and twelve healthy controls matched by age, gender, and BMI were included. Magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to evaluate liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Abdominal muscle mass, and vertebral MRI-PDFF was also evaluated with MRI. Body compositions were evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The skeletal muscle quality (SMQ) was classified as normal, low and weak by using "handgrip strength/appendicular skeletal muscle mass (HGS/ASM)" ratio based on the cut-off values previously stated in the literature. RESULTS Prolactin, HbA1c and CRP levels were higher in prolactinoma patients (p<0.001, p=0.033 and p=0.035, respectively). The median MRI-PDFF and MRE-LSM were 3.0% (2.01-15.20) and 2.22 kPa (2.0-2.5) in the prolactinoma group and 2.5% (1.65-10.00) and 2.19 kPa (1.92-2.54) in the control group, respectively and similiar between groups. In prolactinoma patients, liver MRI-PDFF showed a positive and strong correlation with the duration of disease and traditional risk factors for NAFLD. Total, vertebral and pelvic bone mineral density was similar between groups, while vertebral MRI-PDFF tended to be higher in prolactinoma patients (p=0.075). Muscle mass and strength parameters were similar between groups, but HGS/ASM tended to be higher in prolactinoma patients (p=0.057). Muscle mass was low in 33.3% of prolactinoma patients and 66.6 of controls. According to SMQ, all prolactinoma patients had normal SMQ, whereas 66.6% of the controls had normal SMQ. CONCLUSION Prolactinoma patients demonstrated similar liver MRI-PDFF and MRE-LSM to controls despite their impaired metabolic profile and lower gonadal hormone levels. Hyperprolactinemia may improve muscle quality in prolactinoma patients despite hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- İmdat Eroğlu
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.
| | - Burcin Gonul Iremli
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
| | - Aysegul Erkoc
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
| | - Ilkay S Idilman
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik Kutukcu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
| | - Deniz Akata
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism
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Cortés-Contreras AP, Salazar-Pigeon A, González-Almazán JA, Flores-Rabasa R, Navarro-Olvera JL, Méndez-García LA, Carrillo-Ruiz JD. Improvement of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients who underwent transsphenoidal resection for pituitary adenoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:86. [PMID: 38363400 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenomas (PA) are neoplasms of pituitary adenohypophyseal cell lineage, which are the third most common cause of brain tumors among adults. Due to hormone secretion, PAs are closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the relationship between these two entities has been scarcely studied to date. PURPOSE This paper aims to evaluate changes in the metabolic status of patients with PA before and after surgical treatment and to look for differences in metabolic outcomes among patients according to the adenoma type and the surgery success rate. METHODS We assessed patients with PA who went through transsphenoidal surgery for its treatment, documenting metabolic parameters before and after surgery, analyzed whole sample changes, and then stratified them according to adenoma type (nonfunctioning, somatotroph, lactotroph, and corticotroph), and surgery success (total resection, near-total resection, partial resection, subtotal resection). RESULTS A total of 214 patients were enrolled for this study. The prevalence of MetS with AACE criteria went from 51.52% before surgery to 28.99% after surgery (P < 0.001). Hyperglycemia (HG) was the most beneficial component; it went from 56% pre-surgery to 40.51% post-surgery (P = 0.03). The total resection group had the best improvement, with a significant decrease of prevalence in MetS from 83 to 16% (P < 0.001), and every component, except hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA): obesity went from 96 to 67% (P < 0.001), arterial hypertension (AH) 59 to 24% (P < 0.001), HG 74 to 23% (P < 0.001), and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) from 81 to 54% (P < 0.001). According to MetS prevalence, there was no difference in the improvement according to PA type. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment in patients with PA is associated with MetS improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Cortés-Contreras
- Functional & Stereotactic Neurosurgery Unit, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
- Scholarship Holder of the General Direction of Quality and Education in Health, Health Secretary, CDMX, Mexico
| | - A Salazar-Pigeon
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - J A González-Almazán
- Functional & Stereotactic Neurosurgery Unit, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
| | - R Flores-Rabasa
- Functional & Stereotactic Neurosurgery Unit, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
- Coordination of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Mexico Anahuac University, CDMX, Mexico
| | - J L Navarro-Olvera
- Functional & Stereotactic Neurosurgery Unit, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
| | - L A Méndez-García
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico
| | - J D Carrillo-Ruiz
- Functional & Stereotactic Neurosurgery Unit, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico.
- Immunometabolism Laboratory. Research Direction, Mexico General Hospital, CDMX, Mexico.
- Coordination of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Mexico Anahuac University, CDMX, Mexico.
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Valente EEL, Klotz JL, Markmann RC, Trotta RJ, Edwards JL, May JB, Harmon DL. Levodopa attenuates the feed intake reduction caused by ergot alkaloids in cattle. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae078. [PMID: 38502533 PMCID: PMC11003531 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue results in losses to the livestock industry in many countries and a means to mitigate these losses is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-abomasal infusion of the dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), on dopamine metabolism, feed intake, and serum metabolites of steers exposed to ergot alkaloids. Twelve Holstein steers (344.9 ± 9.48 kg) fitted with ruminal cannula were housed with a cycle of heat challenge during the daytime (32 °C) and thermoneutral at night (25 °C). The steers received a basal diet of alfalfa cubes containing equal amounts of tall fescue seed composed of a mixture of endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds (E+) equivalent to 15 µg ergovaline/kg body weight (BW) for 9 d followed by intra-abomasal infusion of water (L-DOPA-) or levodopa (L-DOPA+; 2 mg/kg BW) for an additional 9 d. Afterward, the steers were pair-fed for 5 d to conduct a glucose tolerance test. The E+ treatment decreased (P = 0.005) prolactin by approximately 50%. However, prolactin increased (P = 0.050) with L-DOPA+. Steers receiving E+ decreased (P < 0.001) dry matter intake (DMI); however, when supplemented with L-DOPA+ the decrease in DMI was less severe (L-DOPA × E, P = 0.003). Also, L-DOPA+ infusion increased eating duration (L-DOPA × E, P = 0.012) when steers were receiving E+. The number of meals, meal duration, and intake rate were not affected (P > 0.05) by E+ or L-DOPA+. The L-DOPA+ infusion increased (P < 0.05) free L-DOPA, free dopamine, total L-DOPA, and total dopamine. Conversely, free epinephrine and free norepinephrine decreased (P < 0.05) with L-DOPA+. Total epinephrine and total norepinephrine were not affected (P > 0.05) by L-DOPA+. Ergot alkaloids did not affect (P > 0.05) circulating free or total L-DOPA, dopamine, or epinephrine. However, free and total norepinephrine decreased (P = 0.046) with E+. Glucose clearance rates at 15 to 30 min after glucose infusion increased with L-DOPA+ (P < 0.001), but not with E+ (P = 0.280). Administration of L-DOPA as an agonist therapy to treat fescue toxicosis provided a moderate increase in DMI and eating time and increased plasma glucose clearance for cattle dosed with E+ seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriton E L Valente
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryana C Markmann
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Parana, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - John B May
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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10
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Fonseca M, Carmo F, Martel F. Metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics: Molecular targets. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13347. [PMID: 37866818 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are commonly prescribed drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental diseases with psychotic traits. Although the use of AAPs is associated with beneficial effects in these patients, they are also associated with undesired metabolic side effects, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). MeS is defined by the presence of metabolic abnormalities such as large waist circumference, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, which predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. In this review, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these undesired metabolic abnormalities induced by AAPs are described. These mechanisms are complex as AAPs have multiple cellular targets which significantly affect the activities of several hormones and neuromodulators. Additionally, AAPs affect all the relevant metabolic organs, namely the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and intestine, and the central and peripheral nervous system as well. A better understanding of the molecular targets linking AAPs with MetS and of the mechanisms responsible for clinically different side effects of distinct AAPs is needed. This knowledge will help in the development of novel AAPs with less adverse effects as well as of adjuvant therapies to patients receiving AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Carmo
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S -Institute of Research and innovation in Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Mastnak L, Herman R, Ferjan S, Janež A, Jensterle M. Prolactin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Metabolic Effects and Therapeutic Prospects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2124. [PMID: 38004264 PMCID: PMC10672473 DOI: 10.3390/life13112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Patients frequently present comorbidities, including obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. The diverse clinical presentation may mimic various endocrine disorders, making the diagnosis challenging in some clinical circumstances. Prolactin (PRL) is a recommended biomarker in the initial diagnostic workup to rule out hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). The traditional role of PRL is linked to lactation and the reproductive system. Recent research highlights PRL's emerging role in metabolic homeostasis. PRL influences metabolism directly by interacting with the pancreas, liver, hypothalamus, and adipose tissue. Its influence on an individual's metabolism is intricately tied to its serum concentration. While deficient and very high levels of PRL can negatively affect metabolism, intermediate-normal to moderately high levels may promote metabolic health. In women with PCOS, PRL levels may be altered. Research results on different aspects of the relationship between PCOS and the impact of various levels of PRL on metabolic homeostasis are limited and inconsistent. In this narrative literature review, we comprehensively examined data on serum PRL levels in PCOS patients. We investigated the correlation between a favorable metabolic profile and serum PRL levels in this population. Furthermore, we explored the concept of beneficial PRL effects on metabolism and discussed the potential therapeutic application of dopamine agonists in PCOS treatment. Lastly, we emphasized several promising avenues for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Mastnak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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de Oliveira JM, Dualib PM, Ferraro AA, Carvalho CRDS, Mattar R, Dib SA, de Almeida-Pititto B. Prolactin does not seem to mediate the improvement on insulin resistance markers and blood glucose levels related to breastfeeding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1219119. [PMID: 37711904 PMCID: PMC10499379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. Strategies to decrease this risk should be strongly encouraged. Lactation has been associated, for the mother, with reduction in future T2DM risk in several studies. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon, however, are poorly understood. The aims of this study were, first, to compare blood glucose levels and markers of insulin resistance (MIR) in early postpartum women with overweight/obesity according to their breastfeeding status and, second, to evaluate whether prolactin (PRL) levels could mediate improvements in these parameters. Methods The prospective study followed 95 women older than 18 years from early pregnancy for up to 60 to 180 days postpartum. All participants had a BMI > 25 kg/m2 and a singleton pregnancy. At each visit, questionnaires and clinical and biochemical evaluations were performed. Participants were divided into two groups according to the breastfeeding status as "yes" for exclusive or predominant breastfeeding, and "no" for not breastfeeding. Results Breastfeeding women (n = 44) had significantly higher PRL levels [47.8 (29.6-88.2) vs. 20.0 (12.0-33.8), p< 0.001]. They also had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels [89.0 (8.0) vs. 93.9 (12.6) mg/dl, p = 0.04], triglycerides (TG) [92.2 (37.9) vs. 122.4 (64.4) mg/dl, p = 0.01], TG/HDL ratio [1.8 (0.8) vs. 2.4 (1.6) mg/dl, p = 0.02], TyG index [8.24 (0.4) vs. 8.52 (0.53), p = 0.005], fasting serum insulin [8.9 (6.3-11.6) vs. 11.4 (7.7-17.0), p = 0.048], and HOMA-IR [2.0 (1.3-2.7) vs. 2.6 (1.6-3.9), p = 0.025] in the postpartum period compared to the non-breastfeeding group. Groups were homogeneous in relation to prevalence of GDM, pre-gestational BMI, as well as daily caloric intake, physical activity, and weight loss at postpartum. Linear regression analysis with adjustments for confounders showed a statistically significant association of breastfeeding with fasting blood glucose [-6.37 (-10.91 to -1.83), p = 0.006], HOMA-IR [-0.27 (-0.51 to -0.04), p = 0.024], TyG index [-0.04 (-0.06 to -0.02), p = 0.001], and TG/HDL ratio [-0.25 (-0.48 to -0.01), p = 0.038]. Mediation analysis showed that PRL did not mediate these effects. Sensitivity analyses considering different cutoffs for PRL levels also did not show modification effect in the mediation analyses. Conclusion Breastfeeding was associated with improvement in glucose metabolism and MIR 60 to 180 days after birth in overweight and obese women, even when adjusted for confounders. PRL levels were not found to mediate the association between breastfeeding and improvement in MIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martins de Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Endocrinology and Metabology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Medici Dualib
- Post-Graduation Program in Endocrinology and Metabology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Atala Dib
- Post-Graduation Program in Endocrinology and Metabology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
- Post-Graduation Program in Endocrinology and Metabology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Sheoran A, Agarwal N, Mahto SK, Gupta PK, Gupta K, Sharma N. Study of Association of Serum Prolactin Levels with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:351-356. [PMID: 37867980 PMCID: PMC10586557 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_440_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prolactin (PRL) regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The study aimed to evaluate the role of PRL in glucose homeostasis and its association with insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and Materials This cross-sectional, observational study included 100 patients (25-60 years) with T2DM. Primary information including demographics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measures (complete blood count, glucose parameters, liver and kidney function test, lipid profile, thyroid function test, serum fasting insulin levels, serum PRL levels) was collected. Results A total of 100 patients, 50 men and 50 women (25 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal), were enrolled in this study. The correlation between serum cholesterol and PRL was found to be statistically non-significant (P = 0.129) in men and significant (P = 0.041) in women. There was an inverse relationship between fasting plasma glucose and serum PRL levels in both men (r = -0.88; P < 0.0001) and women patients (r = -0.768; P < 0.0001). Negative correlation between postprandial plasma glucose and PRL was found to be statistically significant (r = -0.398; P = 0.048) in postmenopausal women. The comparison in both men and women indicated an inverse correlation between serum PRL and glycated haemoglobin levels. There was a significant negative correlation between homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and PRL levels in both men (r = -0.362; P = 0.039) and women patients (r = -0.362; P = 0.003). Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β), which directly correlates with residual pancreatic beta cell function, was positively correlated with prolactin levels, irrespective of gender and menopausal status of female subjects. Conclusion Serum PRL levels correlate with improved glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sheoran
- Medicine Department, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagina Agarwal
- Medicine Department, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Kritika Gupta
- Medicine Department, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Biochemistry Department, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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14
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Abstract
This study investigates whether serum prolactin (PRL) is a key factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. A total of 691 obese childred participated in this study and were divided into a NAFLD group (n=366) and simple obesity (SOB) group (n=325) according to the hepatic ultrasound results. The two groups were matched for gender, age, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI). All patients underwent an OGTT test, and fasting blood samples were collected to measure prolactin. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of NAFLD. Serum prolactin levels were significantly lower in NAFLD subjects than in the SOB subjects [82.4 (56.36, 118.70) vs. 99.78 (63.89, 153.82), p<0.001] (mIU/l). NAFLD was strongly associated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and prolactin, with lower levels of prolactin increasing the risk of NAFLD (adjusted ORs=1.741; 95% CI: 1.059-2.860) across the prolactin concentration tertiles after adjustment for confounders. Low serum prolactin levels are associated with the presence of NAFLD; thus, increased circulating prolactin might be a compensatory response for obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- Paediatric Department, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital,
Shaoxing, China
- Correspondence Dr. Jianwei
Zhang Shaoxing Women and Children’s HospitalPaediatric Department, Zhejiang
ShaoxingShaoxing 312000,
China
| | - Jieqiong Guan
- Paediatric Department, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital,
Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Paediatric Department, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital,
Shaoxing, China
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Paediatric Department, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital,
Shaoxing, China
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15
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Chien HY, Chen SM, Li WC. Dopamine receptor agonists mechanism of actions on glucose lowering and their connections with prolactin actions. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:935872. [PMID: 36993818 PMCID: PMC10012161 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.935872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Robust experiment evidence suggests that prolactin can enhance beta-cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion and sensitivity. Apart from acting as an endocrine hormone, it also function as an adipokine and act on adipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Several cross-sectional epidemiologic studies consistently showed that circulating prolactin levels positive correlated with increased insulin sensitivity, lower glucose and lipid levels, and lower prevalence of T2D and metabolic syndrome. Bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinoma, is approved by Food and Drug Administration for treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2009. Prolactin lowering suppress insulin secretion and decrease insulin sensitivity, therefore dopamine receptor agonists which act at the pituitary to lower serum prolactin levels are expected to impair glucose tolerance. Making it more complicating, studies exploring the glucose-lowering mechanism of bromocriptine and cabergoline have resulted in contradictory results; while some demonstrated actions independently on prolactin status, others showed glucose lowering partly explained by prolactin level. Previous studies showed that a moderate increase in central intraventricular prolactin levels stimulates hypothalamic dopamine with a decreased serum prolactin level and improved glucose metabolism. Additionally, sharp wave-ripples from the hippocampus modulates peripheral glucose level within 10 minutes, providing evidence for a mechanistic link between hypothalamus and blood glucose control. Central insulin in the mesolimbic system have been shown to suppress dopamine levels thus comprising a feedback control loop. Central dopamine and prolactin levels plays a key role in the glucose homeostasis control, and their dysregulation could lead to the pathognomonic central insulin resistance depicted in the “ominous octet”. This review aims to provide an in-depth discussion on the glucose-lowering mechanism of dopamine receptor agonists and on the diverse prolactin and dopamine actions on metabolism targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Mei Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wan-Chun Li,
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16
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Ye D, Huang J, Wu J, Xie K, Gao X, Yan K, Zhang P, Tao Y, Li Y, Zang S, Rong X, Li J, Guo J. Integrative metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal gut microbiota-derived multiple hits connected to development of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2154552. [PMID: 36550785 PMCID: PMC9794004 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2154552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, associated with considerable risks to both the mother and developing fetus. Although emerging evidence suggests an association between the altered gut microbiota and GDM, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms that link the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota to the development of GDM. In this study, a metagenome-wide association study and serum metabolomics profiling were performed in a cohort of pregnant women with GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We identified gut microbial alterations associated with GDM and linked to the changes in circulating metabolites. Blood metabolite profiles revealed that GDM patients exhibited a marked increase in 2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid, but a decrease in methionine sulfoxide, allantoin, and dopamine and dopaminergic synapse, when compared with those in NGT controls. Short-chain fatty acid-producing genera, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Streptococcus, and species Bacteroides coprophilus, Eubacterium siraeum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, and Prevotella stercorea, were significantly reduced in GDM patients relative to those in NGT controls. Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory bacteria were over-represented as the core species in GDM patients. These microbial and metabolic signatures are closely associated with clinical parameters of glucose metabolism in GDM patients and NGT controls. In conclusion, we identified circulating dopamine insufficiency, imbalanced production of SCFAs, and excessive metabolic inflammation as gut microbiota-driven multiple parallel hits linked to GDM development. This work might explain in part the mechanistic link between altered gut microbiota and GDM pathogenesis, and suggest that gut microbiota may serve as a promising target to intervene in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Huang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufei Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China,Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,CONTACT Jiao Guo Science and Technology Building, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, 280 Waihuan East Road, Room 403, 4th Floor, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Zhao H, Zong Y, Li W, Wang Y, Zhao W, Meng X, Yang F, Kong J, Zhao X, Wang J. Damp-heat constitution influences gut microbiota and urine metabolism of Chinese infants. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12424. [PMID: 36755610 PMCID: PMC9900481 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an increasingly popular complementary and alternative approach for early detection and treatment of disease, traditional Chinese medicine constitution (TCMC) divides human beings into those with balanced constitution (BC) and unbalanced constitution, where damp-heat constitution (DHC) is one of the most unbalanced constitutions. Many studies have been carried out on the microscopic mechanism of constitution classification; however, most of these studies were conducted in adults and rarely in infants. Many diseases are closely related to intestinal microbiota, and metabolites produced by the interaction between microbiota and the body may impact constitution classification. Herein, we investigated the overall constitution distribution in Chinese infants, and analyzed the profiles of gut microbiota and urine metabolites of DHC to further promote the understanding of infants constitution classification. Methods General information was collected and TCMC was evaluated by Constitutional Medicine Questionnaires. 1315 questionnaires were received in a cross-sectional study to investigate the constitution composition in Chinese infants. A total of 56 infants, including 30 DHC and 26 BC, were randomly selected to analyze gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing and urine metabolites by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method. Results BC was the most common constitution in Chinese infants, DHC was the second common constitution. The gut microbiota and urine metabolites in the DHC group showed different composition compared to the BC group. Four differential genera and twenty differential metabolites were identified. In addition, the combined marker composed of four metabolites may have the high potential to discriminate DHC from BC with an AUC of 0.765. Conclusions The study revealed the systematic differences in the gut microbiota and urine metabolites between infants with DHC and BC. Moreover, the differential microbiota and metabolites may offer objective evidences for constitution classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhao
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenle Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weibo Zhao
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Disease, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,Corresponding author.
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TRH Regulates the Synthesis and Secretion of Prolactin in Rats with Adenohypophysis through the Differential Expression of miR-126a-5p. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415914. [PMID: 36555554 PMCID: PMC9781503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is an important hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and plays an important role in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a common prolactin-releasing factor that regulates the synthesis and secretion of prolactin. In recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play a key role in the regulation of pituitary hormones. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the regulatory role that TRH plays on the pituitary transcriptome, and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of PRL synthesis and secretion by TRH lacks experimental evidence. In this study, we first investigated the changes in PRL synthesis and secretion in the rat pituitary gland after TRH administration. The results of transcriptomic analysis after TRH treatment showed that 102 genes, including those that encode Nppc, Fgf1, PRL, Cd63, Npw, and Il23a, were upregulated, and 488 genes, including those that encode Lats1, Cacna2d1, Top2a, and Tfap2a, were downregulated. These genes are all involved in the regulation of prolactin expression. The gene expression of miR-126a-5p, which regulates the level of PRL in the pituitary gland, was screened by analysis prediction software and by a dual luciferase reporter system. The data presented in this study demonstrate that TRH can regulate prolactin synthesis and secretion through miR-126a-5p, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRH-mediated PRL secretion and providing a theoretical basis for the role of miRNAs in regulating the secretion of pituitary hormones.
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19
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Niknam A, Mahboobifard F, Rahmati M, Firouzi F, Rojhani E, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 36471299 PMCID: PMC9721030 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data is inconsistent and, for the most part, not sufficient to demonstrate the association between serum Prolactin (PRL) concentration within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among men. Moreover, since both PRL and type 2 DM are associated with reproductive hormones, investigating these hormones might improve our understanding of how PRL might impose its effect on the incidence rate of type 2 DM. METHODS For the present study, 652 eligible men aged 29-70 with a normal baseline PRL concentration were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Participants were sub-classified into three groups (tertiles) according to the serum concentration of PRL and were followed for 15.8 years. The incidence of type 2 DM and PRL, LH, FSH, testosterone, and AMH concentrations were measured. The effect of hormonal variables on the incidence of type 2 DM was estimated using the log-binomial model, adjusted for major confounding factors. The correlations between PRL and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and other hormonal variables were also explored. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, PRL was not significantly associated with the incidence rate of type 2 DM (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94 - 1.03). After adjusting for potential confounders, the inverse effect of AMH on the incidence rate of type 2 DM was the only significant association. The analyses also indicated a significant positive association between PRL and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.1, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION No significant association was found between serum PRL concentrations within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men. Men with higher concentrations of PRL within the physiologic range tended to show higher levels of LH and LH/FSH. AMH was the only variable significantly linked to the incidence rate of type 2 DM in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrin Niknam
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahboobifard
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firouzi
- Pathology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rojhani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Gaziano I, Corneliussen S, Biglari N, Neuhaus R, Shen L, Sotelo-Hitschfeld T, Klemm P, Steuernagel L, De Solis AJ, Chen W, Wunderlich FT, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Dopamine-inhibited POMCDrd2+ neurons in the ARC acutely regulate feeding and body temperature. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162753. [PMID: 36345942 PMCID: PMC9675440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine acts on neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, which controls homeostatic feeding responses. Here we demonstrate a differential enrichment of dopamine receptor 1 (Drd1) expression in food intake-promoting agouti related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons and a large proportion of Drd2-expressing anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Owing to the nature of these receptors, this translates into a predominant activation of AgRP/NPY neurons upon dopamine stimulation and a larger proportion of dopamine-inhibited POMC neurons. Employing intersectional targeting of Drd2-expressing POMC neurons, we reveal that dopamine-mediated POMC neuron inhibition is Drd2 dependent and that POMCDrd2+ neurons exhibit differential expression of neuropeptide signaling mediators compared with the global POMC neuron population, which manifests in enhanced somatostatin responsiveness of POMCDrd2+ neurons. Selective chemogenetic activation of POMCDrd2+ neurons uncovered their ability to acutely suppress feeding and to preserve body temperature in fasted mice. Collectively, the present study provides the molecular and functional characterization of POMCDrd2+ neurons and aids our understanding of dopamine-dependent control of homeostatic energy-regulatory neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Gaziano
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Svenja Corneliussen
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Institute for Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasim Biglari
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - René Neuhaus
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Linyan Shen
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Paul Klemm
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Alain J. De Solis
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and
| | - F. Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Obesity and Cancer group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,Institute for Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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21
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Zhang Y, Liu H. Cross-sectional association between prolactin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis of patients from a single hospital in China. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062252. [PMID: 36192106 PMCID: PMC9535252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to retrospectively assess the association between prolactin (PRL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a single hospital in Anhui, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 406 patients with T2DM (230 men and 176 women) was included. OUTCOME MEASURES P values for the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, the Spearman correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association between PRL and NAFLD in patients with T2DM. RESULTS The results indicated that in both men and women, the levels of PRL were significantly lower in the T2DM with NAFLD group than in the T2DM without NAFLD group (men: 9.56 ng/mL vs 10.36 ng/mL, women: 10.38 ng/mL vs 12.97 ng/mL). In male patients, the levels of PRL were negatively correlated with hip circumference (r=-0.141, p=0.032), homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (C-peptide) (r=-0.141, p=0.032) and triglyceride (TG) (r=-0.252, p=0.000) values and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein (r=0.147, p=0.025) levels. In female patients, PRL levels were negatively related to body mass index (r=-0.192, p=0.011), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.220, p=0.003), waist circumference (r=-0.152, p=0.044), hip circumference (r=-0.157, p=0.037) and TG (r=-0.258, p=0.001) values. Logistic regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between PRL and NAFLD (men: OR 0.891, 95% CI 0.803 to 0.989, p=0.031; women: OR 0.874, 95% CI 0.797 to 0.957, p=0.004). As PRL levels increased, NAFLD prevalence decreased in both sexes (men: p=0.012, women: p=0.013). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low levels of PRL in the physiological range were markers of NAFLD in patients with T2DM and that PRL within the biologically high range may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaizhen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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22
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Xuan R, Zhao X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Du S, Duan Q, Guo Y, Ji Z, Chao T, Wang J. Characterization of long noncoding RNA in nonlactating goat mammary glands reveals their regulatory role in mammary cell involution and remodeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2158-2175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Garza-Rodríguez ML, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP, González-Álvarez R, Luna M, Burciaga-Flores CH, Alcorta-Nuñez F, Solis-Coronado O, Bautista de Lucio VM, Ramírez-Correa GA, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Pérez-Ibave DC. Prolactin Expression in the Baboon ( Papio hamadryas) Eye. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2288. [PMID: 36078009 PMCID: PMC9455022 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone expressed in lactotrophs cells of the pituitary gland in primates. Extra pituitary expression of PRL has been reported, including the eye; however, expression in the developing eye of primates is limited. The aim of the study was determining the expression of PRL and PRL receptor (PRLR) (mRNAs and proteins) in adult and fetal baboon (Papio hamadryas) ocular tissues. METHODS We analyzed PRL and PRLR in baboon eyes tissues by immunofluorescence. The mRNAs of PRL and PRLR were detected by RT-PCR, cDNA was cloned, and sequenced. Furthermore, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to identify the evolutionary forces that underlie the divergence of PRL and PRLR primate genes. RESULTS We observed the expression of PRL and PRLR (mRNAs and proteins) in all retinal cell lineages of fetal and adult baboon. PRL and PRLR fit the hypothesis of evolutionary purifying gene selection. CONCLUSIONS mRNA and protein of PRL and PRLR are expressed in fetal and adult baboon retinal tissue. PRL may trigger autocrine and paracrine-specific actions in retinal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodríguez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | | | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Horacio Burciaga-Flores
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alcorta-Nuñez
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
| | - Orlando Solis-Coronado
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
- División de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Bautista de Lucio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Proteómica Ocular, Instituto de Oftalmología “Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana”, Ciudad de México 06800, Mexico
| | - Genaro A. Ramírez-Correa
- Department of Molecular Science, University of Texas Health Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78550, USA
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
| | - Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64440, Mexico
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24
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Vorobeľová L, Falbová D, Candráková Čerňanová V. Contribution of environmental factors and female reproductive history to hypertension and obesity incidence in later life. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:236-247. [PMID: 35867530 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) and obesity, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, are complex traits determined by multiple biological and behavioural factors. However, the role of female reproductive history in evaluating HT and obesity is still unclear. AIM To investigate the long-term effects of reproductive factors on the probability of obesity and HT in later life after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 503 women (39 - 65 years) were recruited from different localities in Slovakia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations. RESULTS Early menarche age of 11 years and under was associated with twice higher probability of obesity at midlife, independent of environmental confounders (OR = 2.27, CI = 1.35 - 3.81, p = 0.002). Breastfeeding (Bf) women had a lower likelihood of obesity in later life than non-Bf parous women, independent of environmental confounders (OR = 0.35, CI = 0.17 - 0.72, p = 0.004). Finally, age at menarche was associated with obesity-associated HT. CONCLUSION Reproductive factors are significantly associated with obesity and obesity-associated HT in later life. The age at menarche and Bf can be risk factors for early identification of women with increased likelihood of adult cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vorobeľová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Darina Falbová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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25
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Lalli E, Figueiredo BC. Prolactin as an adrenocorticotropic hormone: Prolactin signalling is a conserved key regulator of sexually dimorphic adrenal gland function in health and disease. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200109. [PMID: 36000778 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large number of previous reports described an effect of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) on steroid hormone production by the adrenal cortex. However, those studies remained anecdotal and were never converted into a conceptual and mechanistic framework, let alone being translated into clinical care. In the light of our recently published landmark study where we described PRL signalling as a pivotal regulator of the sexually dimorphic adrenal phenotype in mouse and of adrenal androgen production in humans, we present here the overarching hypothesis that PRL signalling increases the activity of Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1/NR5A1), a transcription factor that has an essential role in adrenal gland development and function, to regulate adrenal cortex growth and hormonal production in physiological and pathological conditions. PRL can then be considered as a bona fide adrenocorticotropic hormone synergizing with ACTH in the endocrine control of adrenal cortex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- EXPOGEN-CANCER CNRS International Research Project, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France.,Inserm, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.,Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bonald C Figueiredo
- EXPOGEN-CANCER CNRS International Research Project, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France.,Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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26
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Zhang Z, Piro AL, Allalou A, Alexeeff SE, Dai FF, Gunderson EP, Wheeler MB. Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2652-2665. [PMID: 35666146 PMCID: PMC9387721 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prolactin is a multifaceted hormone known to regulate lactation. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history, intensive lactation has been associated with lower relative risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of prolactin in T2D development and maternal metabolism in women with a recent GDM pregnancy has not been ascertained. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationships among prolactin, future T2D risk, and key clinical and metabolic parameters. METHODS We utilized a prospective GDM research cohort (the SWIFT study) and followed T2D onset by performing 2-hour 75-g research oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at study baseline (6-9 weeks postpartum) and again annually for 2 years, and also by retrieving clinical diagnoses of T2D from 2 years through 10 years of follow up from electronic medical records. Targeted metabolomics and lipidomics were applied on fasting plasma samples collected at study baseline from 2-hour 75-g research OGTTs in a nested case-control study (100 future incident T2D cases vs 100 no T2D controls). RESULTS Decreasing prolactin quartiles were associated with increased future T2D risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.48; 95% CI, 0.81-7.58; P = 0.05). In women who maintained normoglycemia during the 10-year follow-up period, higher prolactin at baseline was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (P = 0.038) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01), but lower BMI (P = 0.001) and leptin (P = 0.002). Remarkably, among women who developed future T2D, prolactin was not correlated with a favorable metabolic status (all P > 0.05). Metabolomics and lipidomics showed that lower circulating prolactin strongly correlated with a T2D-high risk lipid profile, with elevated circulating neutral lipids and lower concentrations of specific phospholipids/sphingolipids. CONCLUSION In women with recent GDM pregnancy, low circulating prolactin is associated with specific clinical and metabolic parameters and lipid metabolites linked to a high risk of developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Anthony L Piro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amina Allalou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Feihan F Dai
- Correspondence: Feihan F. Dai, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada.
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Correspondence: Erica P. Gunderson, PhD, MS, MPH, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Correspondence: Michael B. Wheeler, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada.
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Kabir MT, Ferdous Mitu J, Akter R, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Rahman MS, Damiri F, Berrada M, Rahman MH. Therapeutic potential of dopamine agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46385-46404. [PMID: 35486279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health concern that has affected almost 415 million people globally. Bromocriptine is a dopamine D2 agonist, which is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, it is considered that a novel treatment therapy is required which can be used in the treatment of diabetes with or without other antidiabetic agents. Dopamine agonists are usually used in neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), restless leg syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia. However, dopamine agonists including bromocriptine and cabergoline are also effective in reducing the glycemic level in T2DM patients. Bromocriptine was formerly used for the treatment of PD, hyperprolactinemia, and restless leg syndrome, but now it is used for improving glycemic levels as well as reducing free fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition, cabergoline has been found to be effective in glycemic control, but this drug is yet to be approved by the FDA due to its limitations and lack of study. Findings of the clinical trials of bromocriptine have suggested that it reduces almost 0.4-0.8% glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular risk by 40% in insulin-resistant patients. Moreover, the safe use of bromocriptine in obese T2DM patients makes it a more attractive option as it causes weight loss. Indeed, bromocriptine is a novel therapy for T2DM patients, as its mechanism of action is unique in T2DM patients with minimal adverse effects. This review summarizes the potential of dopamine agonists in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Raushanara Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Md Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal, 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426, Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Loos CMM, Urschel KL, Vanzant ES, Oberhaus EL, Bohannan AD, Klotz JL, McLeod KR. Effects of Bromocriptine on Glucose and Insulin Dynamics in Normal and Insulin Dysregulated Horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889888. [PMID: 35711802 PMCID: PMC9194999 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to study the effects of the synthetic ergot alkaloid (EA), bromocriptine, on glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated (ID, n = 7) and non-ID (n = 8) mares. Horses were individually housed and fed timothy grass hay and two daily concentrate meals so that the total diet provided 120% of daily DE requirements for maintenance. All horses were given intramuscular bromocriptine injections (0.1 mg/kg BW) every 3 days for 14 days. Before and after 14 days of treatment horses underwent a combined glucose-insulin tolerance test (CGIT) to assess insulin sensitivity and a feed challenge (1 g starch/kg BW from whole oats) to evaluate postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. ID horses had higher basal plasma concentrations of insulin (P = 0.01) and triglycerides (P = 0.02), and lower concentrations of adiponectin (P = 0.05) compared with non-ID horses. The CGIT response curve showed that ID horses had slower glucose clearance rates (P = 0.02) resulting in a longer time in positive phase (P = 0.03) and had higher insulin concentrations at 75 min (P = 0.0002) compared with non-ID horses. Glucose (P = 0.02) and insulin (P = 0.04) responses to the feeding challenge were lower in non-ID compared to ID horses. Regardless of insulin status, bromocriptine administration increased hay intake (P = 0.03) and decreased grain (P < 0.0001) and total DE (P = 0.0002) intake. Bromocriptine treatment decreased plasma prolactin (P = 0.0002) and cholesterol (P = 0.10) and increased (P = 0.02) adiponectin concentrations in all horses. Moreover, in both groups of horses, bromocriptine decreased glucose clearance rates (P = 0.02), increased time in positive phase (P = 0.04) of the CGIT and increased insulin concentrations at 75 min (P = 0.001). The postprandial glycemic (P = 0.01) and insulinemic (P = 0.001) response following the oats meal was lower after bromocriptine treatment in all horses. In conclusion, in contrast to data in humans and rodents, bromocriptine treatment reduced insulin sensitivity in all horses, regardless of their insulin status. These results indicate that the physiological effects of EA might be different in horses compared to other species. Moreover, because bromocriptine shares a high degree of homology with natural EA, further investigation is warranted in horses grazing endophyte-infected grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M M Loos
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kristine L Urschel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eric S Vanzant
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Erin L Oberhaus
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Adam D Bohannan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kyle R McLeod
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Rana M, Jain S, Choubey P. Prolactin and its significance in the placenta. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:209-219. [PMID: 35545690 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that was discovered about 80 years ago and is primarily known for its functions in mammary gland development and lactation, is now known to participate in numerous functions across different phylogenetic groups. Fundamentally known for its secretion from lactotroph cells in adenohypophysis region of pituitary gland, newer studies have demonstrated a number of extrapituitary sites which secrete prolactin, where it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner to regulate essential physiological and biochemical processes. These sites include lymphocytes, epithelial cells of lactating mammary glands, breast cancer cells of epithelial origin, and the placenta. The placenta is one of the most important organs secreting prolactin; however, its role in placental biology has not to date been reviewed comprehensively. This review elaborates upon the various facets of prolactin hormone, including prolactin production and its post-translational modifications and signaling. Major emphasis is placed on placental prolactin and its potential roles, ranging from the role of prolactin in angiogenesis, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, and anti-apoptosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pooja Choubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Feleus S, van Schaijk M, Roos RAC, de Bot ST. The Many Faces of Huntington’s Chorea Treatment: The Impact of Sudden Withdrawal of Tiapride after 40 Years of Use and a Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040589. [PMID: 35455705 PMCID: PMC9025785 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. Despite wide clinical use since the mid-1980s, tiapride was recently withdrawn from the Dutch market without rationale. Although alternatives are available, many patients experienced dysregulation after this unwanted change. We provide insight into the impact of sudden tiapride withdrawal by reviewing medical records of HD patients who were using tiapride at the time of withdrawal. In addition, we performed a systematic search in five databases on tiapride efficacy and its safety profile in HD. Original research and expert opinions were included. In our patient group on tiapride, 50% required tiapride import from abroad. Regarding the review, 12 articles on original datasets and three expert opinions were included. The majority of studies showed an improvement in chorea while patients were on tiapride. Due to limited sample sizes, not all studies performed statistical tests on their results. Fifty percent of clinical experts prefer tiapride as initial chorea monotherapy, especially when comorbid behavioral symptoms are present. Side effects are often rare and mild. No safety concerns were reported. In conclusion, tiapride is almost irreplaceable for some patients and is an effective and safe chorea treatment in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Feleus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Malu van Schaijk
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Advisium, ‘s Heeren Loo, P.O. Box 647, 3800 AP Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Raymund A. C. Roos
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne T. de Bot
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Luo Z, Huang Y, Ma L, Jiang J, Luo Q, Yang Z, Yong K, Shen L, Yu S, Yao X, Tao J, Cao S. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Stress Alleviation by Prepartum Exercise in Transition Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040309. [PMID: 35448496 PMCID: PMC9028530 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepartum exercise (PA) has been proposed as a strategy for the peripartum management of dairy cows; however, the mechanism by which PA affects metabolism has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the metabolic changes in transition dairy cows with PA. Holstein transition multiparous dairy cows were assigned to an exercise (n = 12) or a control (n = 12) group; the cows in the exercise group walked for a targeted 45 min at 3.25 km/h, two times a day. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, and triglyceride levels were measured, and metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry. Compared with those in the control group, the concentrations of NEFA at −7 d, glucose at 0 d, and BHBA at +7 d relative to calving were considerably decreased in the exercise group. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed differences in the levels of key metabolites, including kynurenine, tryptophan, homovanillic acid, dopamine, cis-9-palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid, between the exercise and control group cows. This study suggests that PA may decrease homovanillic acid and cis-9-palmitoleic acid levels and increase tryptophan levels to alleviate the metabolic stress in dairy cows during calving, thereby improving postpartum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404100, China;
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jinzhong Tao
- Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (L.M.); (J.J.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.C.)
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Macotela Y, Ruiz-Herrera X, Vázquez-Carrillo DI, Ramírez-Hernandez G, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. The beneficial metabolic actions of prolactin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001703. [PMID: 36213259 PMCID: PMC9539817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prolactin (PRL) favoring metabolic homeostasis is supported by multiple preclinical and clinical studies. PRL levels are key to explaining the direction of its actions. In contrast with the negative outcomes associated with very high (>100 μg/L) and very low (<7 μg/L) PRL levels, moderately high PRL levels, both within but also above the classically considered physiological range are beneficial for metabolism and have been defined as HomeoFIT-PRL. In animal models, HomeoFIT-PRL levels counteract insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, adipose tissue hypertrophy and fatty liver; and in humans associate with reduced prevalence of insulin resistance, fatty liver, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, and protection from type 2 diabetes development. The beneficial actions of PRL can be explained by its positive effects on main metabolic organs including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus. Here, we briefly review work supporting PRL as a promoter of metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, the PRL levels associated with metabolic protection, and the proposed mechanisms involved. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using drugs elevating PRL for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Lopez-Vicchi F, De Winne C, Ornstein AM, Sorianello E, Toneatto J, Becu-Villalobos D. Severe Hyperprolactinemia Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening and Aggravates High Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Imbalance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883092. [PMID: 35757410 PMCID: PMC9226672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of high serum prolactin and increased body weight is positive but controversial, therefore we hypothesized that additional factors such as diets and the impact of prolactin on brown adipose tissue may condition its metabolic effects. METHODS We used LacDrd2KO females with lifelong severe hyperprolactinemia due dopamine-D2 receptor deletion from lactotropes, and slow onset of metabolic disturbances, and compared them to their respective controls (Drd2 loxP/loxP ). Food intake, and binge eating was evaluated. We then challenged mice with a High Fat (HFD) or a Control Diet (CD) for 8 weeks, beginning at 3 months of age, when no differences in body weight are found between genotypes. At the end of the protocol brown and white adipose tissues were weighed, and thermogenic and lipogenic markers studied, using real time PCR (Ucp1, Cidea, Pgc1a, Lpl, adiponectin, Prlr) or immunohistochemistry (UCP1). Histochemical analysis of brown adipose tissue, and glucose tolerance tests were performed. RESULTS Hyperprolactinemic mice had increased food intake and binge eating behavior. Metabolic effects induced by a HFD were exacerbated in lacDrd2KO mice. Hyperprolactinemia aggravated HFD-induced body weight gain and glucose intolerance. In brown adipose tissue pronounced cellular whitening as well as decreased expression of the thermogenic markers Ucp1 and Pgc1a were observed in response to high prolactin levels, regardless of the diet, and furthermore, hyperprolactinemia potentiated the decrease in Cidea mRNA expression induced by HFD. In subcutaneous white adipose tissue hyperprolactinemia synergistically increased tissue weight, while decreasing Prlr, Adiponectin and Lpl mRNA levels regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS Pathological hyperprolactinemia has a strong impact in brown adipose tissue, lowering thermogenic markers and evoking tissue whitening. Furthermore, it modifies lipogenic markers in subcutaneous white adipose, and aggravates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and Cidea decrease. Therefore, severe high prolactin levels may target BAT function, and furthermore represent an adjuvant player in the development of obesity induced by high fat diets.
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Rassie K, Giri R, Joham AE, Mousa A, Teede H. Prolactin in relation to gestational diabetes and metabolic risk in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069625. [PMID: 36619539 PMCID: PMC9813437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Pre-clinical evidence suggests that prolactin has important metabolic functions in pregnancy and postpartum, in addition to lactogenic actions. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between prolactin and maternal metabolic outcomes in human pregnancy and postpartum, particularly in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL plus, Embase. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months postpartum, reporting at least one maternal serum prolactin level in relation to key metabolic outcomes including GDM, glycaemic parameters, obesity, and gestational weight gain. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-six articles were included. Meta-analysis showed no relationship between maternal prolactin levels and GDM status, with a weighted mean difference of -2.14 ng/mL (95% CI -12.54 to 8.27 ng/mL, p=0.7) between GDM and controls in early pregnancy (n=3 studies) and -3.89 ng/mL (95% CI, -15.20 to 7.41 ng/mL, p=0.5) in late pregnancy (n=11 studies). In narrative synthesis of other outcomes (due to study heterogeneity and/or lack of data), prolactin levels were not associated with maternal glycaemic or weight-related parameters during pregnancy, but in the postpartum period (particularly with lactation) a high-prolactin environment was associated with low circulating insulin and beta-cell function, and increased insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence from human studies does not clearly support a relationship between prolactin and metabolic parameters during pregnancy, including with GDM status. Elevated prolactin was associated with lower insulin and beta-cell function and higher insulin sensitivity in the post-partum period, but the direction of causality remains unclear. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42021262771].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Rassie
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rinky Giri
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anju E. Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Helena Teede,
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Pirchio R, Graziadio C, Colao A, Pivonello R, Auriemma RS. Metabolic effects of prolactin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015520. [PMID: 36237192 PMCID: PMC9552666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, the metabolic role of PRL has emerged. PRL excess is known to promote weight gain, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and impairment in gluco-insulinemic and lipid profiles, likely due to the suppression of physiologic dopaminergic tone. Prolactin receptors and dopamine receptors type 2 have been demonstrated to be expressed on both human pancreatic β- cell and adipocytes, supporting a key role of prolactin and dopamine in peripheral metabolic regulation. Medical treatment with the dopamine agonists bromocriptine and cabergoline has been demonstrated to decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity, and significantly improve gluco-insulinemic and lipid profiles. In hyperprolactinemic men with concomitant hypogonadism, correction of hyperprolactinaemia and testosterone replacement has been proven to restore metabolic impairment. In turn, low prolactin levels have also been demonstrated to exert a detrimental effect on weight gain, glucose and lipid metabolism, thus leading to an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, PRL values ranging from 25 to 100 mg/L, in absence of other recognizable pathological causes, have been proposed to represent a physiological response to the request for an increase in metabolic activity, and nowadays classify the so-called HomeoFIT- PRL as a promoter of metabolic homeostasis. The current review focuses mainly on the effects of hyperprolactinemia and its control by medical treatment with DAs on the modulation of food intake, body weight, gluco-insulinemic and lipid profile. Furthermore, it provides the latest knowledge about the metabolic impact of hypoprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pirchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata S. Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Renata S. Auriemma,
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Glezer A, Santana MR, Bronstein MD, Donato J, Jallad RS. The interplay between prolactin and cardiovascular disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1018090. [PMID: 36704037 PMCID: PMC9871591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1018090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several conditions and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are understood in more detail. Nevertheless, in recent decades, other metabolic effects have been studied and data pointed to a potential increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A recent study showed a decrease in total and LDL- cholesterol only in men with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists (DA) supporting the previous results of a population study with increased CVD risk in men harboring prolactinoma. However, other population studies did not find a correlation between prolactin (PRL) levels and CVD risk or mortality. There is also data pointing to an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, and decreases in triglycerides, carotid-intima-media thickness, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels in patients with prolactinoma on DA treatment. PRL was also implicated in endothelial dysfunction in pre and postmenopausal women. Withdrawal of DA resulted in negative changes in vascular parameters and an increase in plasma fibrinogen. It has been shown that PRL levels were positively correlated with blood pressure and inversely correlated with dilatation of the brachial artery and insulin sensitivity, increased homocysteine levels, and elevated D-dimer levels. Regarding possible mechanisms for the association between hyperprolactinemia and CVD risk, they include a possible direct effect of PRL, hypogonadism, and even effects of DA treatment, independently of changes in PRL levels. In conclusion, hyperprolactinemia seems to be associated with impaired endothelial function and DA treatment could improve CVD risk. More studies evaluating CVD risk in hyperprolactinemic patients are important to define a potential indication of treatment beyond hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Glezer
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Andrea Glezer,
| | - Mariana Ramos Santana
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcello D. Bronstein
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Soares Jallad
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kirsch P, Kunadia J, Shah S, Agrawal N. Metabolic effects of prolactin and the role of dopamine agonists: A review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1002320. [PMID: 36246929 PMCID: PMC9562454 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1002320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is well known for its role in reproductive physiology. Recent studies highlight its role in neurohormonal appetite regulation and metabolism. Elevated prolactin levels are widely associated with worsening metabolic disease, but it appears that low prolactin levels could also be metabolically unfavorable. This review discusses the pathophysiology of prolactin related metabolic changes, and the less commonly recognized effects of prolactin on adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and small bowel. Furthermore, the effect of dopamine agonists on the metabolic profiles of patients with hyperprolactinemia are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Kirsch
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Kunadia
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shruti Shah
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nidhi Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Nidhi Agrawal,
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Preksha Dhyāna meditation induces alterations at the transcriptome level in novice and healthy college students. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:2299-2305. [PMID: 35531197 PMCID: PMC9072888 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human transcriptome across a variety of cell types and tissues are affected by stress and other psychological factors. Preksha Dhyana meditation (PM) is effective at improving cognitive skills in novice healthy college student meditators after 8 weeks of intervention, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in these improvements are still largely unknown. Methods In order to decipher potential mechanisms at the cellular level, transcriptomic profiling analyses, from peripheral blood, were performed at baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention in 18-paired participants (RNASeq). Results At the transcriptomic level, 494 genes were nominally differentially expressed (p-value ≤ 0.05) between baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention. Our data showed that 136 genes were upregulated, while 358 genes were downregulated. These genes were enriched in several cellular pathways including innate and adaptive immunity, cell signaling, and other metabolic processes. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that PM meditation affects gene expression patterns from whole blood in novice healthy college students. Improvements at the cognitive skills were also mirrored with changes at RNA expression profiling.
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Li D, Liang Y, Lu J, Tan Y. An alternative splicing signature in human Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:420. [PMID: 34749666 PMCID: PMC8573860 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hundreds of risk loci for Crohn's disease (CD) have been identified, the underlying pathogenesis of CD remains unclear. Recently, evidence has shown that aberrant gene expression in colon tissues of CD patients is associated with the progression of CD. We reasoned that post-transcriptional regulation, especially alternative splicing (AS), may also play important roles in the pathogenesis of CD. METHODS We re-analyzed public mRNA-seq data from the NCBI GEO dataset (GSE66207) and identified approximately 3000 unique AS events in CD patients compared to healthy controls. RESULTS "Lysine degradation" and "Sphingolipid metabolism" were the two most enriched AS events in CD patients. In a validation study, we also sequenced eight subjects and demonstrated that key genes that were previously linked to CD, such as IRF1 and STAT3, also had significant AS events in CD. CONCLUSION Our study provided a landscape of AS events in CD, especially as the first study focused on a Chinese cohort. Our data suggest that dysregulation of AS may be a new mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei Li
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University and The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuanzi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University and The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University and The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Chang SC, Goh KK, Lu ML. Metabolic disturbances associated with antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:696-710. [PMID: 34733637 PMCID: PMC8546772 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances and obesity are major cardiovascular risk factors in patients with schizophrenia, resulting in a higher mortality rate and shorter life expectancy compared with those in the general population. Although schizophrenia and metabolic disturbances may share certain genetic or pathobiological risks, antipsychotics, particularly those of second generation, may further increase the risk of weight gain and metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. This review included articles on weight gain and metabolic disturbances related to antipsychotics and their mechanisms, monitoring guidelines, and interventions. Nearly all antipsychotics are associated with weight gain, but the degree of the weight gain varies considerably. Although certain neurotransmitter receptor-binding affinities and hormones are correlated with weight gain and specific metabolic abnormalities, the precise mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic disturbances remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates the role of genetic polymorphisms associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances. Although many guidelines for screening and monitoring antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances have been developed, they are not routinely implemented in clinical care. Numerous studies have also investigated strategies for managing antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances. Thus, patients and their caregivers must be educated and motivated to pursue a healthier life through smoking cessation and dietary and physical activity programs. If lifestyle intervention fails, switching to another antipsychotic drug with a lower metabolic risk or adding adjunctive medication to mitigate weight gain should be considered. Antipsychotic medications are essential for schizophrenia treatment, hence clinicians should monitor and manage the resulting weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Chieh Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Ruiz-Raya F, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Parenteau C, Chastel O, Soler M. Prolactin mediates behavioural rejection responses to avian brood parasitism. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272569. [PMID: 34605904 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.240101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptations resulting from co-evolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts have been extensively studied, yet the physiological mechanisms underlying antiparasitic host defences remain little known. Prolactin, one of the main hormones involved in the regulation of avian parental behaviour, might play a key role in the orchestration of the host responses to avian brood parasitism. Given the positive association between prolactin and parental behaviour during incubation, decreasing prolactin levels are expected to facilitate egg-rejection decisions. We tested this prediction by implanting Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) females with an inhibitor of prolactin secretion, bromocriptine mesylate, to experimentally decrease their plasma prolactin levels. Bromocriptine mesylate-implanted individuals ejected mimetic model eggs at higher rates, and showed shorter latency to egg ejection, than placebo-treated birds. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that behavioural host defences against avian brood parasitism are mediated by prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Manuel Soler
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Sevrin T, Sirvins C, David A, Aguesse A, Gandon A, Castellano B, Darmaun D, Boquien CY, Alexandre-Gouabau MC. Dietary Arginine Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation Increases Milk Yield and Mammary Lipogenesis in Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:2188-2198. [PMID: 34091672 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine, an essential amino acid during the reproductive period, has been shown to enhance lactation performances in livestock. Whether it could help mothers with breastfeeding difficulties is not known. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether dietary arginine supplementation would enhance milk production in rat dams nursing large 12-pup litters and, if so, what mechanisms are involved. METHODS In 3 series of experiments, differing in dam killing timing, 59 primiparous, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (mean ± SD weight: 254 ± 24.7 g) were randomly assigned to receive either 1) an AIN-93G diet supplemented with l-arginine at 2.0% (ARG diet), through lactation and gestation (AGL group); 2) a control AIN-93G diet including at 3.5% an isonitrogenous mix of amino acids that are not essential for lactation (MA diet), during gestation and lactation (MA group); or 3) the MA diet during gestation and the ARG diet during lactation (AL group). Milk flow was measured using deuterated water enrichment between days 11 and 18. Plasma hormones and mammary expression of genes involved in lactation were measured using ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively, at lactation days 12, 18, or 21 in the 3 experiments. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS Dam food intake, pup weight gain, milk flow normalized to dam weight, and milk fat concentration were 17%, 9%, 20%, and 20% greater in the AGL group than in the MA group, respectively (P < 0.05). Genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid regulation were overexpressed ≤2.76-fold in the mammary gland of AGL dams compared with MA dams (P < 0.05) and plasma leptin concentration was 39% higher (P = 0.008). Milk flow and composition and mammary gene expression of the AL group did not differ from those of the MA group, whereas milk fat concentration and flow were 26% and 37% lower than in the AGL group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation enhances milk flow and mammary lipogenesis in rats nursing large litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sevrin
- Laboratoire FRANCE Bébé Nutrition, Laval, France
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Charlène Sirvins
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès David
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Gandon
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Blandine Castellano
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
- University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Clair-Yves Boquien
- UMR 1280-Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations (PhAN), Nantes University, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
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Hathaway CA, Rice MS, Townsend MK, Hankinson SE, Arslan AA, Buring JE, Hallmans G, Idahl A, Kubzansky LD, Lee IM, Lundin EA, Sluss PM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Prolactin and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1652-1659. [PMID: 34244157 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin is synthesized in the ovaries and may play a role in ovarian cancer etiology. One prior prospective study observed a suggestive positive association between prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer. METHODS We conducted a pooled case-control study of 703 cases and 864 matched controls nested within five prospective cohorts. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk. We examined heterogeneity by menopausal status at blood collection, body mass index (BMI), age, and histotype. RESULTS Among women with known menopausal status, we observed a positive trend in the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (P trend = 0.045; OR, quartile 4 vs. 1 = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.97-1.85), but no significant association was observed for premenopausal or postmenopausal women individually (corresponding OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.74-2.58; P trend = 0.32 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.93-2.13; P trend = 0.08, respectively; P heterogeneity = 0.91). In stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between prolactin and risk for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but not BMI < 25 kg/m2 (corresponding OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.56-4.59; P trend < 0.01 and OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.58-1.40; P trend = 0.98, respectively; P heterogeneity < 0.01). Associations did not vary by age, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, histotype, or time between blood draw and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We found a trend between higher prolactin levels and increased ovarian cancer risk, especially among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. IMPACT This work supports a previous study linking higher prolactin with ovarian carcinogenesis in a high adiposity setting. Future work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva A Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Sluss
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,NYU Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ali M, Mirza L. Morbid Obesity Due to Prolactinoma and Significant Weight Loss After Dopamine Agonist Treatment. AACE Clin Case Rep 2021; 7:204-206. [PMID: 34095489 PMCID: PMC8165126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Morbid obesity may be related to a prolactinoma, although uncommon, and can lead to adverse effects like insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that hyperprolactinemia causes an abnormal lipid profile, weight gain, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, high prolactin levels lead to decreased testosterone production by disrupting 17-b-estradiol synthesis. Our objective was to present a case of prolactinoma with morbid obesity, hypogonadism, and then significant weight loss after dopamine agonist treatment. Methods The clinical course, in addition to serial laboratory and imaging results, are presented. These include prolactin levels, testosterone levels, thyroid function tests, blood sugar levels, and serial lipid profiles. Results In this report, we discuss a case of 30-year-old male with prolactin-secreting macroadenoma with clinical features of hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and morbid obesity. He showed marked improvement in obesity and hypogonadism with dopamine agonist therapy supplemented with clomiphene citrate. Conclusion Prolactinomas with morbid obesity can be successfully treated contingent upon proper medication and compliance with medications. Insulin resistance, hypogonadism, prolactin levels, body mass index, and tumor size all improved by regular follow-up and treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Mirza
- Department of Endocrinology, Norman Regional Hospital, Oklahoma
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Ao J, Ma Z, Li R, Zhang S, Gao X, Zhang M. Phospho-Tudor-SN coordinates with STAT5 to regulate prolactin-stimulated milk protein synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1161-1169. [PMID: 33849380 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1879824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) participates in milk synthesis and cell proliferation in response to prolactin (PRL) and plays a regulatory role on mTOR phosphorylation. However, the complicated molecular mechanism of Tudor-SN regulating milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation still remains to be illustrated. In present study, we observed that the proteins level of phosphorylated Tudor-SN and phosphorylated STAT5 were simultaneously enhanced upon PRL treatment in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Tudor-SN overexpression and knockdown experiment showed that Tudor-SN positively regulated the synthesis of milk protein, cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of STAT5, which was dependent on Tudor-SN phosphorylation. STAT5 knockdown experiment showed that Tudor-SN stimulated mTOR pathway through regulating STAT5 activation, which was required for PRL to activate the mTOR pathway. Thus, these results demonstrate the primary mechanism of Tudor-SN coordinating with STAT5 to regulate milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation under stimulation of PRL in BMECs, which may provide some new perspectives for increasing milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Ao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Przybylska-Piech AS, Wojciechowski MS, Jefimow M. Polymorphism of winter phenotype in Siberian hamster: consecutive litters do not differ in photoresponsiveness but prolonged acclimation to long photoperiod inhibits winter molt. Front Zool 2021; 18:11. [PMID: 33731152 PMCID: PMC7971963 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The theory of delayed life history effects assumes that phenotype of adult individual results from environmental conditions experienced at birth and as juvenile. In seasonal environments, being born late in the reproductive season affects timing of puberty, body condition, longevity, and fitness. We hypothesized that late-born individuals are more prone to respond to short photoperiod (SP) than early born ones. We used Siberian hamsters Phodopus sungorus, a model species characterized by high polymorphism of winter phenotype. We experimentally distinguished the effect of litter order (first or third) from the effect of exposure to long photoperiod (LP) before winter (3 months or 5 months) by manipulating the duration of LP acclimation in both litters. We predicted that, irrespective of the litter order, individuals exposed to long photoperiod for a short time have less time to gather energy resources and consequently are more prone to developing energy-conserving phenotypes. To assess effect of litter order, duration of acclimation to long days, and phenotype on basal cost of living we measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) of hamsters. RESULTS Individuals born in third litters had faster growth rates and were bigger than individuals from first litters, but these differences vanished before transfer to SP. Litter order or duration of LP acclimation had no effects on torpor use or seasonal body mass changes, but prolonged acclimation to LP inhibited winter molting both in first and third litters. Moreover, individuals that did not molt had significantly higher BMR in SP than those which molted to white fur. Although one phenotype usually predominated within a litter, littermates were often heterogeneous. We also found that over 10% of individuals presented late response to short photoperiod. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that duration of postnatal exposure to LP may define propensity to photoresponsiveness, regardless of the litter in which animal was born. Existence of littermates presenting different phenotypes suggests a prudent reproductive strategy of investing into offspring of varied phenotypes, that might be favored depending on environmental conditions. This strategy could have evolved in response to living in stochastic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Przybylska-Piech
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jefimow
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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LaPierre MP, Godbersen S, Torres Esteban M, Schad AN, Treier M, Ghoshdastider U, Stoffel M. MicroRNA-7a2 Regulates Prolactin in Developing Lactotrophs and Prolactinoma Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6009069. [PMID: 33248443 PMCID: PMC7774778 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin production is controlled by a complex and temporally dynamic network of factors. Despite this tightly coordinated system, pathological hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder that is often not understood, thereby highlighting the need to expand our molecular understanding of lactotroph cell regulation. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is the most highly expressed miRNA family in the pituitary gland and the loss of the miR-7 family member, miR-7a2, is sufficient to reduce prolactin gene expression in mice. Here, we used conditional loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models to characterize the function of miR-7a2 in lactotroph cells. We found that pituitary miR-7a2 expression undergoes developmental and sex hormone-dependent regulation. Unexpectedly, the loss of mir-7a2 induces a premature increase in prolactin expression and lactotroph abundance during embryonic development, followed by a gradual loss of prolactin into adulthood. On the other hand, lactotroph development is delayed in mice overexpressing miR-7a2. This regulation of lactotroph function by miR-7a2 involves complementary mechanisms in multiple cell populations. In mouse pituitary and rat prolactinoma cells, miR-7a2 represses its target Raf1, which promotes prolactin gene expression. These findings shed light on the complex regulation of prolactin production and may have implications for the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying hyperprolactinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P LaPierre
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Godbersen
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anaïs Nura Schad
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Treier
- Max Delbrück Zentrum für molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Markus Stoffel, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Science, HPL H36, Otto-Stern Weg 7, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Breastfeeding Duration and Development of Dysglycemia in Women Who Had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from the GUSTO Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020408. [PMID: 33525398 PMCID: PMC7912373 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Breastfeeding has been shown to support glucose homeostasis in women after a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is potentially effective at reducing long-term diabetes risk. (2) Methods: Data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study were analyzed to understand the influence of breastfeeding duration on long-term dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) risk in women who had GDM in the index pregnancy. GDM and dysglycemia four to seven years postpartum were determined by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A Poisson regression model with a robust error variance was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for dysglycemia four to seven years post-delivery according to groupings of the duration of any breastfeeding (<1, ≥1 to <6, and ≥6 months). (3) Results: Women who had GDM during the index pregnancy and complete breastfeeding information and OGTT four to seven years postpartum were included in this study (n = 116). Fifty-one women (44%) had postpartum dysglycemia. Unadjusted IRRs showed an inverse association between dysglycemia risk and ≥1 month to <6 months (IRR 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 1.43; p = 0.68) and ≥6 months (IRR 0.50; 95% CI 0.27, 0.91; p = 0.02) breastfeeding compared to <1 month of any breastfeeding. After adjusting for key confounders, the IRR for the ≥6 months group remained significant (IRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22, 0.80; p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that any breastfeeding of six months or longer may reduce long-term dysglycemia risk in women with a history of GDM in an Asian setting. Breastfeeding has benefits for mothers beyond weight loss, particularly for those with GDM.
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Krogh U, Farmer C, Huber LA, Theil PK, Trottier NL. Impact of arginine supplementation on serum prolactin and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporter genes in mammary tissue of lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5921793. [PMID: 33047125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplemental dietary Arg to late-pregnant and lactating sows increases serum prolactin concentrations and mRNA abundance of SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC6A14 in mammary parenchymal tissue. From day 108 of gestation and until day 21 of lactation, sows were fed a diet either supplemented with 0.10 g of l-Arg/kg body weight (BW) per day (n = 10, ARG) or 0.34 g of l-Glu/kg BW per day (n = 10, control). Litters were standardized to 10 piglets on day 1 of lactation and piglets were weighed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of lactation. Sow BW was recorded on day 108 of gestation and days 1, 10, and 21 of lactation. Lactation sow feed intake was recorded daily. Mammary parenchymal tissue was biopsied on day 5 of lactation to measure mRNA abundance SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC6A14. On days 4 and 18 of lactation, blood samples were collected from sows at 2, 4, and 6 hr postfeeding to measure serum prolactin concentrations. Milk samples were collected on days 4, 10, and 18 of lactation to measure fat, lactose, urea N, and true protein concentrations. Sow BW, backfat, and feed intake over all sampling days did not differ between treatments. Piglet BW on d 1 tended to be greater for the ARG treatment than the control treatment (P = 0.12). Sow milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose, and urea N) and mammary mRNA abundance of candidate genes did not differ between the ARG and the control group. Compared to controls, serum prolactin concentrations tended to be greater (P = 0.08) in ARG sows on day 4 of lactation, and did not differ on day 18. Current findings show a potential beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with Arg to late-pregnant multiparous sows on BW of their piglets on day 1. Dietary Arg supplementation at a rate of 0.10 g/kg BW during late pregnancy and lactation tended to increase serum prolactin concentrations with no increase in mammary transcript abundance of SLC7A1, SLC7A2, and SLC6A14 in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Krogh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Chantal Farmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peter K Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nathalie L Trottier
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Yang H, Lin J, Li H, Liu Z, Chen X, Chen Q. Prolactin Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:571229. [PMID: 33716958 PMCID: PMC7947819 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.571229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to investigate if serum prolactin (PRL) levels associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the reproductive medicine center of the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. From January 2007 to August 2018, a total of 792 PCOS and 700 non-PCOS infertile women were included. All patients' prolactin levels were in the normal range. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Criteria. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, serum prolactin levels, sex hormones, fasting lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and hepatic biological parameters were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Serum prolactin levels in PCOS women were significantly decreased compared with levels in non-PCOS women after adjusting for age and BMI (P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that prolactin levels were positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively associated with age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), estradiol (E2), FINS, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β (HOMA-β), triglyceride (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age and BMI, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that LH, LH/FSH, E2, FINS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β were negatively associated with serum PRL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low serum PRL levels within the normal range associates with a higher incidence of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in infertile women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Chen, ; Xia Chen,
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Chen, ; Xia Chen,
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