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Song MW, Cui W, Lee CG, Cui R, Son YH, Kim YH, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Choi SE, Kang Y, Kim TH, Jeon JY, Lee KW. Protective effect of empagliflozin against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity through AMPK in H9c2 cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1228646. [PMID: 38116084 PMCID: PMC10728651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1228646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently emerged as novel cardioprotective agents. However, their direct impact on cardiomyocyte injury is yet to be studied. In this work, we investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, in mitigating palmitate (PA)-induced cardiomyocyte injury in H9c2 cells. We found that EMPA significantly attenuated PA-induced impairments in insulin sensitivity, ER stress, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, EMPA elevated AMP levels, activated the AMPK pathway, and increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 (CPT1) gene expression, which collectively enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced stress signals. This study reveals a novel mechanism of EMPA's protective effects against PA-induced cardiomyocyte injury, providing new therapeutic insights into EMPA as a cardioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenhao Cui
- Department of Hematology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chang-Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rihua Cui
- Department of Hematology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Young Ho Son
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ha Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E. Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Giannini C, Mastromauro C, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Effects of COVID-19 time on the development of pre-impaired glucose tolerance state in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1050-1056. [PMID: 37500925 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on 2 h plasma glucose (2 h PG) values after an OGTT postulating a correlation between 2 h PG spectrum and the decline of β-cell function. Particularly, we tried to evaluate the effects on the risk of showing 2 h plasma glucose values in the highest range of normal values in children and adolescent with obesity during COVID-19 Pandemic compared to those evaluated during the 13 years before. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data from 532 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight (before COVID-19 Pandemic, 209M/262F, 2008-2019; during COVID-19 Pandemic, 40M/21F, 2020-2021) who had undergone a complete evaluation and had performed an OGTT were analyzed. The two groups were further divided into three sub-groups based on the 2 h PG, group 1 (2 h PG < 5.55 mmol/L), group 2 (5.56 < 2 h PG < 6.60 mmol/L), group 3 (6.61 < 2h PG < 7.72 mmol/L), respectively. The prevalence of 2 h PG values distribution in children was evaluated between before and during COVID-19 Pandemic period and the main differences between the two groups 3 of each period were analyzed. RESULTS A significant difference (P = 0.01) in terms of distribution of the prevalence of 2h PG values was documented between the group before COVID-19 (35.6%, 45.9% and 18.5%) and the group during COVID-19 Pandemic (31.1%, 31.1% and 37.8%). A roughly doble higher prevalence of subjects with pre-IGT was documented in the COVID-19 group. In addition, group 3 of COVID-19 time showed significantly higher values for waist circumference (WC), Waist/Height ratio (WtHR), fasting glucose and HOMA-IR compared to the group 3 of the period before COVID-19 Pandemic (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During COVID-19 time a higher percentage of children are in the highest range of normal 2 h PG values which is known to be associated with a significant impairment of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and have higher risk of developing IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Osqueei MR, Mahmoudabadi AZ, Bahari Z, Meftahi GH, Movahedi M, Taghipour R, Mousavi N, Huseini HF, Jangravi Z. Eryngium billardieri extract affects cardiac gene expression of master regulators of cardiomyaopathy in rats with high fatdiet-induced insulin resistance. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:59-66. [PMID: 37344084 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years, numerous studies have focused on identifying approaches to increase insulin sensitivity by modifying the signaling factors. In the present study, we examined the effects of Eryngium billardieri extract, as an anti-diabetic herbal medication, on the heart mRNA level of Akt serine/threonine kinase (Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and Forkhead box o1 (Foxo1) in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR). We also assessed the anti-diabetic effects of E. billardieri extract in rats with insulin resistance. METHODS Twenty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Nine rats were fed a normal diet (control group), and 18 rats were fed an HFD for 13 weeks (HFD group). To confirm the induction of insulin resistance, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Then rats with IR were randomly divided into the following groups: the HFD group, which continued an HFD, and the group treated with E. billardieri extract, which received the extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg for 30 days. On the 30th day, the animals were sacrificed and serum samples were collected for biochemistry analyses. Furthermore, the expression of Akt, mTOR, PPARγ, and Foxo1 was measured in heart tissue using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS Real-time PCR analyses revealed that an HFD can significantly decrease the expression level of Akt, mTOR, and PPARγ in the heart tissue. However, an HFD significantly increased the expression level of Foxo1 in the HFD group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, our data showed that the administration of E. billardieri extract significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of Akt, PPARγ, and mTOR in the heart tissue compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05), while it significantly decreased the Foxo1 mRNA levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Given that Akt, mTOR, PPARγ, and Foxo1 are critical factors in insulin resistance, the present study suggests that E. billardieri could probably be used as an alternative treatment for IR as a major feature of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Rashedi Osqueei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zaree Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Mousavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Fallah Huseini
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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She Y, Ge R, Gu X, Fang P, Zhang Z. Cardioprotective effects of neuropeptide galanin: Focusing on its roles against diabetic heart. Peptides 2023; 159:170918. [PMID: 36435275 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following an unprecedented rise in the number of the aged, the incidence of age-related diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is consequently increasing in the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The diabetic heart is characterized by increased cardiomyocyte stiffness and fibrotic changes. Despite many factors resulting in cardiomyocyte injury and dysfunction in diabetes, insulin resistance is still a critical etiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed an intriguing role for galanin in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetic heart disease. A significant change in plasma galanin levels occurred in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes or cardiomyocyte injury. In turn, galanin may also distinctly mitigate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes as well as increase glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac muscle. Here, we critically review current data about the multivariate relationship among galanin, insulin resistance, and cardiac muscle to comprehensively evaluate the protective role of galanin and its receptors for the diabetic heart and to determine whether galanin receptor 2 agonists potentially represent a feasible way to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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5
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Giannini C, Polidori N, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. The bad rainbow of COVID-19 time: effects on glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1694-1702. [PMID: 35778481 PMCID: PMC9263072 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 restriction measurements have enhanced the obesity status in the pediatric population which might further contribute to obesity-related glucose-insulin metabolism alterations. Therefore, we retrospectively compared anthropometric and OGTT data on children with obesity during the 13 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects/methods Data from 741 children with obesity and overweight were retrieved and clustered into seven groups starting from year 2008–2009 until 2020–2021. Differences in anthropometric measurements and glucose/insulin metabolism were evaluated between the different groups. Results Children with overweight and obesity in the COVID-19 restriction group did not present increased values of SDSBody Mass Index (BMI). Significantly higher values for Waist Circumference (WC), SDS-WC, Waist/Height ratio (WHtR), and body mass fat were detected in these children (all P < 0.01). Fasting glycaemia, glucose, and insulin excursions were significantly higher compared to pre pandemic children (all P < 0.01). Insulin resistance was higher while insulin secretion was lower (all P < 0.01) determining a significantly higher percentage of impaired glucose tolerance in the COVID-19 restriction group (P < 0.002). Furthermore, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and SDS for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly higher (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions COVID-19 restriction measurements determined profound alterations in glucose and insulin metabolism in children with obesity and overweight. Urgent strategies are needed in order to reverse COVID-19 restriction measures’ effects on glucose and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Clinical Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Exogenous Galanin Reduces Hyperglycemia and Myocardial Metabolic Disorders Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Studneva IM, Veselova OM, Dobrokhotov IV, Serebryakova LI, Palkeeva ME, Molokoedov AS, Azmuko AA, Ovchinnikov MV, Sidorova MV, Pisarenko OI. Chimeric Agonist of Galanin Receptor GALR2 Reduces Heart Damage in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:346-355. [PMID: 35527373 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide galanin and its N-terminal fragments reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species and normalize metabolic and antioxidant states of myocardium in experimental cardiomyopathy and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of WTLNSAGYLLGPβAH-OH (peptide G), a pharmacological agonist of the galanin receptor GalR2, on the cardiac injury induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Peptide G was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc strategy and purified by preparative HPLC; its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Experimental animals were randomly distributed into five groups: C, control; S, STZ-treated; SG10, STZ + peptide G (10 nmol/kg/day); SG50, STZ + peptide G (50 nmol/kg/day); G, peptide G (50 nmol/kg/day). Administration of peptide G prevented hyperglycemia in SG50 rats. By the end of the experiment, the ATP content, total pool of adenine nucleotides, phosphocreatine (PCr) content, and PCr/ATP ratio in the myocardium of animals of the SG50 group were significantly higher than in rats of the S group. In the SG50 and SG10 groups, the content of lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the myocardium were reduced, while the glucose content was increased vs. the S group. Both doses of peptide G reduced the activation of creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive products in the blood plasma of STZ-treated rats to the control values. Taken together, these results suggest that peptide G has cardioprotective properties in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Possible mechanisms of peptide G action in the STZ-induced diabetes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M Studneva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Oksana M Veselova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | | | | | - Marina E Palkeeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Azmuko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | | | - Maria V Sidorova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Oleg I Pisarenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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KLF15 negatively regulates cardiac fibrosis by which SDF-1β attenuates cardiac fibrosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115654. [PMID: 34310909 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious diabetic complication that lacks effective preventive or therapeutic approaches. Wild-type and Klf15 knockout (Klf15-KO) mice were fed with either high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal from fat) for 3 months and then injected with streptozotocin or vehicle, to induce type 2 diabetes (T2D). All T2D and age-matched control mice were treated with or without SDF-1β at 5 mg/kg body-weight twice a week and also continually received HFD or ND for 3 months. At the end of 6-month study, after cardiac functions were measured, mice were euthanized to collect heart tissue. For in vitro mechanistic study, H9c2 cells were exposed to palmitate to mimic in vivo condition of T2D. SDF-1β prevented T2D-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis and T2D-down-regulated KLF15 expression in wild-type diabetic heart tissue. However, the preventive effects of SDF-1β on both KLF15 expression and fibrosis was abolished, with partial cardiac protection in Klf15-KO/T2D mice. These results demonstrate partial KLF15-dependence for SDF-1β's cardiac fibrotic protection from T2D, but not on SDF-1β's protective effects on T2D-induced cardiac dysfunction. Further study showed that SDF-1β inhibited palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis through its receptor CXCR7-mediated activation of p38β MAPK signaling pathway.
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Mollace V. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072476. [PMID: 34371986 PMCID: PMC8308586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8006
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10
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Govindsamy A, Ghoor S, Cerf ME. Programming With Varying Dietary Fat Content Alters Cardiac Insulin Receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Rats, Whereas High Fat Programming Alters Cebpa Gene Expression in Neonatal Female Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772095. [PMID: 35069436 PMCID: PMC8766637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming refers to an intrauterine stimulus or insult that shapes growth, development and health outcomes. Dependent on the quality and quantity, dietary fats can be beneficial or detrimental for the growth of the fetus and can alter insulin signaling by regulating the expression of key factors. The effects of varying dietary fat content on the expression profiles of factors in the neonatal female and male rat heart were investigated and analyzed in control (10% fat), 20F (20% fat), 30F (30% fat) and 40F (40% fat which was a high fat diet used to induce high fat programming) neonatal rats. The whole neonatal heart was immunostained for insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1), followed by image analysis. The expression of 84 genes, commonly associated with the insulin signaling pathway, were then examined in 40F female and 40F male offspring. Maintenance on diets, varying in fat content during fetal life, altered the expression of cardiac factors, with changes induced from 20% fat in female neonates, but from 30% fat in male neonates. Further, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa) was upregulated in 40F female neonates. There was, however, differential expression of several insulin signaling genes in 40F (high fat programmed) offspring, with some tending to significance but most differences were in fold changes (≥1.5 fold). The increased immunoreactivity for insulin receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 in 20F female and 30F male neonatal rats may reflect a compensatory response to programming to maintain cardiac physiology. Cebpa was upregulated in female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes viz. Aebp1, Cfd (adipsin), Adra1d, Prkcg, Igfbp, Retn (resistin) and Ucp1. In female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, increased Cebpa gene expression (concomitant with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes) may reflect cardiac stress and an adaptative response to cardiac inflammation, stress and/or injury, after high fat programming. Diet and the sex are determinants of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, reflecting divergent mechanisms that are sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelene Govindsamy
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlon E. Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Marlon E. Cerf,
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11
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Ramon P, Sparks J, Omoruyi F. Effect of Combined K. pinnata and Metformin Preparation on Inflammatory Cytokines in Normal and Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Med Food 2020; 24:732-740. [PMID: 33179996 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which may play a central role in the development of diabetic complications. In this study, combined preparations of Kalanchoe pinnata and metformin were investigated to determine the effects on inflammatory activity in human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) and human diabetic skeletal muscle myoblasts (DHSMMs). Results showed that combinatorial preparations sustained cell viability for 3 days in both HSMM and DHSMM cells. However, a significant decrease in cellular viability occurred for both cell lines on day 5. Results also indicate that combinatorial preparations of K. pinnata may modulate immune responses by significantly upregulating proinflammatory markers, interleukin (IL) 2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and upregulating the anti-inflammatory marker, IL-10, in HSMM and DHSMM cells. The combined preparations significantly downregulated the anti-inflammatory glycoprotein IL-6 in both diabetic and nondiabetic human skeletal muscle cells. The findings suggest that combined preparations of K. pinnata and metformin might be a potential immune-modulating agent that may promote inflammation and adversely affect the outcome of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ramon
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Jean Sparks
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
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12
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Nirengi S, Peres Valgas da Silva C, Stanford KI. Disruption of energy utilization in diabetic cardiomyopathy; a mini review. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:82-90. [PMID: 32980777 PMCID: PMC7770009 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) substantially elevates the risk for heart failure, a major cause of death. In advanced T2D, energy metabolism in the heart is disrupted; glucose metabolism is decreased, fatty acid (FA) metabolism is enhanced to maintain ATP production, and cardiac function is impaired. This condition is termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The exact cause of DCM is still unknown although altered metabolism is an important component. While type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, the traditional antidiabetic agents that improve insulin stimulation or sensitivity only partially improve DCM-induced cardiac dysfunction. Recently, sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been identified as potential pharmacological agents to treat DCM. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac energy metabolism in DCM, and the potential effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Bertrand L, Auquier J, Renguet E, Angé M, Cumps J, Horman S, Beauloye C. Glucose transporters in cardiovascular system in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1385-1399. [PMID: 32809061 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporters are essential for the heart to sustain its function. Due to its nature as a high energy-consuming organ, the heart needs to catabolize a huge quantity of metabolic substrates. For optimized energy production, the healthy heart constantly switches between various metabolites in accordance with substrate availability and hormonal status. This metabolic flexibility is essential for the maintenance of cardiac function. Glucose is part of the main substrates catabolized by the heart and its use is fine-tuned via complex molecular mechanisms that include the regulation of the glucose transporters GLUTs, mainly GLUT4 and GLUT1. Besides GLUTs, glucose can also be transported by cotransporters of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) (SLC5 gene) family, in which SGLT1 and SMIT1 were shown to be expressed in the heart. This SGLT-mediated uptake does not seem to be directly linked to energy production but is rather associated with intracellular signalling triggering important processes such as the production of reactive oxygen species. Glucose transport is markedly affected in cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These alterations are not only fingerprints of these diseases but are involved in their onset and progression. The present review will depict the importance of glucose transport in healthy and diseased heart, as well as proposed therapies targeting glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bertrand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Julien Auquier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine Angé
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Cumps
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Yang H, Yang H, Wang L, Shi H, Liu B, Lin X, Chang Q, Chen JDZ, Duan Z. Transcutaneous Neuromodulation improved inflammation and sympathovagal ratio in patients with primary biliary ssscholangitis and inadequate response to Ursodeoxycholic acid: a pilot study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:242. [PMID: 32738911 PMCID: PMC7395375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is internationally recognized as a therapeutic drug in clinic. However, about 40% Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) patients are poor responders to UDCA. It has been demonstrated that Transcutaneous Neuromodulation (TN) can be involved in gut motility, metabolism of bile acids, immune inflammation, and autonomic nerve. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of TN combined with UDCA on PBC and related mechanisms. Methods According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 healthy volunteers and 15 PBC patients were recruited to control group and TN group, respectively. PBC patients were alternately but blindly assigned to group A (TN combined with UDCA) and group B (sham-TN combined with UDCA), and a crossover design was used. The TN treatment was performed via the posterior tibial nerve and acupoint ST36 (Zusanli) 1 h twice/day for 2 weeks. T test and nonparametric test were used to analyze the data. Results 1. TN combined with UDCA improved the liver function of PBC patients shown by a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) (P < 0.05). 2. The treatment also decreased serum IL-6 levels (P < 0.05), but not the level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL-1β or IL-10. 3. TN combined with UDCA regulated autonomic function, enhanced vagal activity, and decreased the sympathovagal ratio assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability (P < 0.05). 4. There was no change in 13 bile acids in serum or stool after TN or sham-TN. Conclusions TN cssombined with UDCA can significantly improve the liver function of PBC patients. It is possibly via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. TN might be a new non-drug therapy for PBC. Further studies are required. Trial registration The study protocol was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (number ChiCTR1800014633) on 25 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Honggang Shi
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Bojia Liu
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Lin
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingyong Chang
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Zhijun Duan
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Shi M, Ma L, Fu P. Role of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) in Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3657-3664. [PMID: 30306857 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008154622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicated that obesity and metabolic syndrome were independent risk factors for the development and progression of kidney diseases. Apart from inflammation, lipotoxicity, and hemodynamic factors, adipokines have been proposed to play crucial roles in the relationship between kidney diseases and metabolic disorders. As one of the key adipokines, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), which is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, has recently been shown to be associated with renal dysfunction and kidney damage. Both clinical and experimental studies have proposed circulating FABP4 as a novel predictor for renal injuries, and it might also be a predictor for cardiovascular events in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). FABP4 has also been detected in the glomerular cells and epithelial tubular cells in mouse and human kidneys, and the expression of FABP4 in these cells has been involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In addition, experimental studies suggested that inhibition of FABP4 had protective effects on renal damage. Here, we reviewed current knowledge regarding the role of FABP4 in pathophysiological insights as well as its potential function as a predictor and therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Landa-Galvan HV, Rios-Castro E, Romero-Garcia T, Rueda A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228115. [PMID: 31995605 PMCID: PMC6988918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results. Here we report in cardiomyocytes of MetS rats, diminished insulin-induced glucose uptake and Akt activation, evaluated by its impaired mobilization towards the plasma membrane and phosphorylation, and reflected in a re-distribution of its interacting proteins, assessed by label-free mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013260). We report 45 proteins with diminished abundance in Akt complex of MetS cardiomyocytes, mainly represented by energy metabolism-related proteins, and also, 31 Akt-interacting proteins with increased abundance, which were mainly related to contraction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Akt negative regulation. These results emphasize the relevance of Akt in the regulation of energy metabolism in the heart and highlight Akt-interacting proteins that could be involved in the detrimental effects of MetS in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Rios-Castro
- Unidad de Genomica, Proteomica y Metabolomica (UGPM), LaNSE-Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angelica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Li Y, Dong J, Shang Y, Zhao Q, Li P, Wu B. Anti-inflammatory effects of hederagenin on diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB and Smads signaling pathways in a type-2 diabetic mice model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26238-26247. [PMID: 35531007 PMCID: PMC9070383 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants. It has a wide range of antitumor cytotoxic effects and significant anti-inflammation effects. However, at present, it is unclear whether HED can inhibit cardiac remodelling caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HED on pathological abnormalities in cardiac structures and cardiac insufficiency caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy and focused on the inflammatory signalling pathways of the diabetic heart. Treatment with HED reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, the heart and body mass of diabetic db/db mice but had no effect on fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Moreover, after HED treatment, the cardiac dysfunction of diabetic mice was relieved, and myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis decreased. Furthermore, HED inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Smads and decreased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and Smads. Additionally, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen I, which are target downstream molecules of the NF-κB and Smads signalling pathways, were also decreased in diabetic hearts. Taken together, our findings suggest that the cardioprotective effect of HED may be achieved by reducing the activation of inflammation-associated NF-κB and Smads signalling. We suggest that the protective effect of HED on the diabetic heart, as revealed in this study, should be further explored in-depth to elucidate its cell biology and molecular mechanisms. Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Junli Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China.,Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital Xining China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
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19
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Contribution of Impaired Insulin Signaling to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112833. [PMID: 31212580 PMCID: PMC6600234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has emerged as a relevant cause of heart failure among the diabetic population. Defined as a cardiac dysfunction that develops in diabetic patients independently of other major cardiovascular risks factors, such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, the underlying cause of DCMremains to be unveiled. Several pathogenic factors, including glucose and lipid toxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, sustained activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or altered calcium homeostasis, have been shown to contribute to the structural and functional alterations that characterize diabetic hearts. However, all these pathogenic mechanisms appear to stem from the metabolic inflexibility imposed by insulin resistance or lack of insulin signaling. This results in absolute reliance on fatty acids for the synthesis of ATP and impairment of glucose oxidation. Glucose is then rerouted to other metabolic pathways, with harmful effects on cardiomyocyte function. Here, we discuss the role that impaired cardiac insulin signaling in diabetic or insulin-resistant individuals plays in the onset and progression of DCM.
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Selig JI, Ouwens DM, Raschke S, Thoresen GH, Fischer JW, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P, Barth M. Impact of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on valvular interstitial cells - A link between aortic heart valve degeneration and type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2526-2537. [PMID: 31152868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is associated with an increased risk to develop aortic heart valve degeneration. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of valve degeneration in the context of diabetes are still not clear. Hence, we hypothesized that classical key factors of type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, may affect signaling, metabolism and degenerative processes of valvular interstitial cells (VIC), the main cell type of heart valves. Therefore, VIC were derived from sheep and were treated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and the combination of both. The presence of insulin receptors was shown and insulin led to increased proliferation of the cells, whereas hyperglycemia alone showed no effect. Disturbed insulin response was shown by impaired insulin signaling, i.e. by decreased phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3α/β pathway. Analysis of glucose transporter expression revealed absence of glucose transporter 4 with glucose transporter 1 being the predominantly expressed transporter. Glucose uptake was not impaired by disturbed insulin response, but was increased by hyperinsulinemia and was decreased by hyperglycemia. Analyses of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration revealed that VIC react with increased activity to hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia, but not to the combination of both. VIC do not show morphological changes and do not acquire an osteogenic phenotype by hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia. However, the treatment leads to increased collagen type 1 and decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression. This work implicates a possible role of diabetes in early phases of the degeneration of aortic heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Selig
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Silja Raschke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Kim JH, Lee M, Kim SH, Kim SR, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Cho JW, Lee YH. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors regulate ketone body metabolism via inter-organ crosstalk. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:801-811. [PMID: 30407726 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)-induced changes in ketogenic enzymes and transporters in normal and diabetic mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle or SGLT2i (25 mg/kg/d by oral gavage) for 7 days. Diabetic mice were treated with vehicle, insulin (4.5 units/kg/d by subcutaneous injection) or SGLT2i (25 mg/kg/d by intra-peritoneal injection) for 5 weeks. Serum and tissues of ketogenic organs were analysed. RESULTS In both normal and diabetic mice, SGLT2i increased beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) content in liver, kidney and colon tissue, as well as in serum and urine. In these organs, SGLT2i upregulated mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase. Similar patterns were observed in the kidney, ileum and colon for mRNA and protein expression of sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs), which mediate the cellular uptake of BHB and butyrate, an important substrate for intestinal ketogenesis. In diabetic mice under euglycaemic conditions, SGLT2i increased major ketogenic enzymes and SMCTs, while insulin suppressed ketogenesis. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i increased systemic and tissue BHB levels by upregulating ketogenic enzymes and transporters in the liver, kidney and intestine, suggesting the integrated physiological consequences for ketone body metabolism of SGLT2i administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Granéli C, Hicks R, Brolén G, Synnergren J, Sartipy P. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Modelling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes: Recent Advances and Emerging Models. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:13-22. [PMID: 30343468 PMCID: PMC6513824 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes has drastically increased over the past decades and in 2017 approximately 4 million deaths were caused by diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes with early manifestations of diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent progression to systolic dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. An in vitro model accurately recapitulating key processes of diabetic cardiomyopathy would provide a useful tool for investigations of underlying disease mechanisms to further our understanding of the disease and thereby potentially advance treatment strategies for patients. With their proliferative capacity and differentiation potential, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an appealing cell source for such a model system and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to establish other cardiovascular related disease models. Here we review recently made advances and discuss challenges still to be overcome with regard to diabetic cardiomyopathy models, with a special focus on iPSC-based systems. Recent publications as well as preliminary data presented here demonstrate the feasibility of generating cardiomyocytes with a diabetic phenotype, displaying insulin resistance, impaired calcium handling and hypertrophy. However, capturing the full metabolic- and functional phenotype of the diabetic cardiomyocyte remains to be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Granéli
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 50, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 50, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Brolén
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 50, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden
- Global Medicines Development, CVRM, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 50, Mölndal, Sweden
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Oliveira LDC, de Morais GP, da Rocha AL, Teixeira GR, Pinto AP, de Vicente LG, Pauli JR, de Moura LP, Mekary RA, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, da Silva ASR. Excessive treadmill training enhances the insulin signaling pathway and glycogen deposition in mice hearts. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1304-1317. [PMID: 30324688 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustive and chronic physical exercise leads to peripheral inflammation, which is one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the impairment of the insulin signaling pathway in the heart. Recently, 3 different running overtraining models performed downhill (OTR/down), uphill (OTR/up), and without inclination (OTR) increased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This proinflammatory status induced insulin signaling impairment in the skeletal muscle; however, the response of this signaling pathway in the cardiac muscle of overtrained mice was still unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of OTR/down, OTR/up, and OTR protocols on the protein levels of phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (pIRβ) (Tyr), phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAkt) (Ser473), plasma membrane glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and GLUT4, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (pIRS-1) (Ser307), phosphorylation of IκB kinase α/β) (pIKKα/β (Ser180/181), phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) (Thr180/Tyr182), phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases-Jun amino-terminal kinases (pSAPK-JNK) (Thr183/Tyr185), and glycogen content in mice hearts. The rodents were divided into naïve (N, sedentary mice), control (CT, sedentary mice submitted to performance evaluations), trained (TR, performed the training protocol), OTR/down, OTR/up, and OTR groups. After the grip force test, the cardiac muscles (ie, left ventricle) were removed and used for immunoblotting and histology. Although the OTR/up and OTR groups exhibited higher cardiac levels of pIRβ (Tyr), only the OTR group exhibited higher cardiac levels of pAkt (Ser473) and plasma membrane GLUT4. On the contrary, the OTR/down group exhibited higher cardiac levels of pIRS-1 (Ser307). The OTR model enhanced the cardiac insulin signaling pathway. All overtraining models increased the left ventricle glycogen content, with this probably acting as a compensatory organ in response to skeletal muscle insulin signaling impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana da C Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P de Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa G de Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Cerf ME. Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050070. [PMID: 30344301 PMCID: PMC6262512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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25
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ye J. IL-6: A Potential Role in Cardiac Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092474. [PMID: 30134607 PMCID: PMC6164544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in multiple biological functions including immunity, neural development, and haematopoiesis. Recently, mounting evidence indicates that IL-6 plays a key role in metabolism, especially lipid metabolic homeostasis. A working heart requires a high and constant energy input which is largely generated by fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation. Under pathological conditions, the precise balance between cardiac FA uptake and metabolism is perturbed so that excessive FA is accumulated, thereby predisposing to myocardial dysfunction (cardiac lipotoxicity). In this review, we summarize the current evidence that suggests the involvement of IL-6 in lipid metabolism. Cardiac metabolic features and consequences of myocardial lipotoxicity are also briefly analyzed. Finally, the roles of IL-6 in cardiac FA uptake (i.e., serum lipid profile and myocardial FA transporters) and FA metabolism (namely, β-oxidation, mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and FA de novo synthesis) are discussed. Overall, understanding how IL-6 transmits signals to affect lipid metabolism in the heart might allow for development of better clinical therapies for obesity-associated cardiac lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Xu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK.
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, expending independent adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This relationship is complex due to several associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors/markers such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance/dysglycemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity induces a variety of cardiovascular system structural adaptations, from subclinical myocardial dysfunction to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure. Abnormalities in cardiac metabolism and subsequent cardiac energy, have been proposed as major contributors to obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Ectopic fat depots play an important role in several of the hypotheses postulated to explain the association between obesity, cardiac metabolism and cardiac dysfunction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we addressed with contemporary studies how obesity-associated metabolic conditions and ectopic cardiac fat accumulation, translate into cardiac energy metabolism disturbances that may lead to adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. EXPERT COMMENTARY Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation has long been related to metabolic diseases and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent imaging advances have just started to address the complex interplays between obesity, ectopic fat depots, cardiac metabolism and the risk of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A better comprehension of these obesity-associated metabolic disturbances will lead to earlier detection of patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and to the development of novel therapeutic metabolic targets to treat a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Piché
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- b Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
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27
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Hamza AA, Fikry EM, Abdallah W, Amin A. Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9827. [PMID: 29959408 PMCID: PMC6026169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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28
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Nguyen TD, Schwarzer M, Schrepper A, Amorim PA, Blum D, Hain C, Faerber G, Haendeler J, Altschmied J, Doenst T. Increased Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Activity and Cardiac Insulin Resistance Precede Mitochondrial and Contractile Dysfunction in Pressure-Overloaded Hearts. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008865. [PMID: 29929988 PMCID: PMC6064925 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Defects at the level of mitochondria are also characteristic of heart failure. We assessed changes in cardiac insulin response and mitochondrial function in a model of pressure overload-induced heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats underwent aortic banding to induce pressure overload. At 10 weeks, rats showed cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion, but left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction were only evident after 20 weeks. This contractile impairment was accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction as shown by markedly reduced state 3 respiration of isolated mitochondria. Aortic banding did not affect systemic insulin response. However, insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose uptake and glucose oxidation were significantly diminished at 10 and 20 weeks, which indicates cardiac insulin resistance starting before the onset of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction. The impaired cardiac insulin action was related to a decrease in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β. Consistently, we found elevated activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) at 10 and 20 weeks, which may blunt insulin action by dephosphorylating insulin receptor β. PTP1B activity was also significantly increased in left ventricular samples of patients with systolic dysfunction undergoing aortic valve replacement because of aortic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Pressure overload causes cardiac insulin resistance that precedes and accompanies mitochondrial and systolic dysfunction. Activation of PTP1B in the heart is associated with heart failure in both rats and humans and may account for cardiac insulin resistance. PTP1B may be a potential target to modulate insulin sensitivity and contractile function in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dung Nguyen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Paulo A Amorim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Blum
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Hain
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Burgenlandkreis, Zeitz, Germany
| | - Gloria Faerber
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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29
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Anupama N, Sindhu G, Raghu KG. Significance of mitochondria on cardiometabolic syndromes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:346-356. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nair Anupama
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division; CSIR -National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST); Industrial estate P.O., Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
| | - Ganapathy Sindhu
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division; CSIR -National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST); Industrial estate P.O., Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division; CSIR -National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST); Industrial estate P.O., Pappanamcode Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala India
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30
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Cardiac Development and Transcription Factors: Insulin Signalling, Insulin Resistance, and Intrauterine Nutritional Programming of Cardiovascular Disease. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8547976. [PMID: 29484207 PMCID: PMC5816854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programming with an insult or stimulus during critical developmental life stages shapes metabolic disease through divergent mechanisms. Cardiovascular disease increasingly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, and the heart as an insulin-sensitive organ may become insulin resistant, which manifests as micro- and/or macrovascular complications due to diabetic complications. Cardiogenesis is a sequential process during which the heart develops into a mature organ and is regulated by several cardiac-specific transcription factors. Disrupted cardiac insulin signalling contributes to cardiac insulin resistance. Intrauterine under- or overnutrition alters offspring cardiac structure and function, notably cardiac hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and hypertension that precede the onset of cardiovascular disease. Optimal intrauterine nutrition and oxygen saturation are required for normal cardiac development in offspring and the maintenance of their cardiovascular physiology.
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Ducheix S, Magré J, Cariou B, Prieur X. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Bitterness of Glucose. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:642. [PMID: 30420836 PMCID: PMC6215811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Epidemiological data suggest that hyperglycaemia contributes to the development of DC. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the deleterious effects of high glucose concentrations in the heart: oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), and chronic hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) activation. In the present review, we focus on the effect of chronic activation of the HBP on diabetic heart function. The HBP supplies N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) that is O-linked by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to proteins on serine or threonine residues. This post-translational protein modification modulates the activity of the targeted proteins. In the heart, acute activation of the HBP in response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury appears to be protective. Conversely, chronic activation of the HBP in the diabetic heart affects Ca2+ handling, contractile properties, and mitochondrial function and promotes stress signaling, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Many studies have shown that O-GlcNAc impairs the function of key protein targets involved in these pathways, such as phospholamban, calmodulin kinase II, troponin I, and FOXO1. The data show that excessive O-GlcNAcylation is a major trigger of the glucotoxic events that affect heart function under chronic hyperglycaemia. Supporting this finding, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the HBP in the diabetic heart improves heart function. In addition, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, a glucose lowering agent, has recently been shown to lower cardiac HBP in a lipodystophic T2D mice model and to concomitantly improve the diastolic dysfunction of these mice. Therefore, targeting cardiac-excessive O-GlcNAcylation or specific target proteins represents a potential therapeutic option to treat glucotoxicity in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur
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Roth CL, Elfers C, Hampe CS. Assessment of disturbed glucose metabolism and surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity in obese children and adolescents. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:301. [PMID: 29242622 PMCID: PMC5865547 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese children, it is becoming imperative to detect disturbed glucose metabolism as early as possible in order to prevent T2D development. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional study of 92 obese children (median age 11.7 years, 51% female) and 7 lean children (median age 11.4 years, 57% female) who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a tertiary pediatric care center. Glucose tolerance was assessed and different indices for β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were calculated. RESULTS Nineteen obese children were identified with prediabetes (PD, 12 impaired glucose tolerance, 4 increased fasting glucose and 3 combined). Compared with the 73 obese children with normal glucose tolerance (nGT), subjects with PD had higher insulin resistance, but lower insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, although their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were comparable. The Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index (WBISI) and β-cell function by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) strongly correlated with the OGTT glucose area under the curve 0-120 min (r = 0.392, p < 0.0002; r = 0.547, p < 0.0001, respectively). When testing the relation between early insulin response during OGTT by insulinogenic index and insulin sensitivity assessed by WBISI, a hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity was found. The calculated disposition index was lower in subjects with PD vs. nGT (median 459 vs. 792, p = 0.004). We identified the OGTT 30-min/120-min insulin ratio as a simple marker, which is significantly lower in obese children with vs. without PD (median 0.87 vs. 1.29, p = 0.021) and which has a better sensitivity and specificity for detecting PD than HbA1c among obese children. CONCLUSIONS Children with identified PD had changes of several markers for β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and resistance before changes in HbA1c occurred. The lower disposition index indicates that these children have already inadequate β-cell compensation for the degree of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Endocrine Division, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Clinton Elfers
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Endocrine Division, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Christiane S Hampe
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Azilsartan ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in young db/db mice through the modulation of ACE-2/ANG 1-7/Mas receptor cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:90-99. [PMID: 28789938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia up-regulates intracellular angiotensin II (ANG-II) production in cardiac myocytes. This study investigated the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of azilsartan (AZL) treatment in a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy and whether the cardioprotective effects of AZL are mediated by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2/ANG 1-7/Mas receptor (R) cascade. Control db/+ and db/db mice (n=5 per group) were treated with vehicle or AZL (1 or 3mg/kg/d oral gavage) from the age of 8 to 16weeks. Echocardiography was then performed and myocardial protein levels of ACE-2, Mas R, AT1R, AT2R, osteopontin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitrotyrosine were measured by Western blotting. Oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory markers were assessed by immunofluorescence of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Compared with db/+ mice, the vehicle-treated db/db mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and diastolic dysfunction along with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. AZL treatment lowered blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and reduced peak plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test. AZL-3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, AZL-3 treatment significantly abrogated the downregulation of ACE-2 and Mas R protein levels in db/db mice. Furthermore, AZL treatment significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and their marker molecules (osteopontin, CTGF, TGF-β1 and ANP). Short-term treatment with AZL-3 reversed abnormal cardiac structural remodeling and partially improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice by modulating the ACE-2/ANG 1-7/Mas R pathway.
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Brown DI, Parry TL, Willis MS. Ubiquitin Ligases and Posttranslational Regulation of Energy in the Heart: The Hand that Feeds. Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640445 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a costly and deadly syndrome characterized by the reduced capacity of the heart to adequately provide systemic blood flow. Mounting evidence implicates pathological changes in cardiac energy metabolism as a contributing factor in the development of HF. While the main source of fuel in the healthy heart is the oxidation of fatty acids, in the failing heart the less energy efficient glucose and glycogen metabolism are upregulated. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a key role in regulating metabolism via protein-degradation/regulation of autophagy and regulating metabolism-related transcription and cell signaling processes. In this review, we discuss recent research that describes the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in regulating metabolism in the context of HF. We focus on ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the component of the UPS that confers substrate specificity, and detail the current understanding of how these E3s contribute to cardiac pathology and metabolism. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:841-862, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Creus A, Benmelej A, Villafañe N, Lombardo YB. Dietary Salba (Salvia hispanica L) improves the altered metabolic fate of glucose and reduces increased collagen deposition in the heart of insulin-resistant rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 121:30-39. [PMID: 28651695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of dietary Salba (chia) seeds on the mechanisms underlying impaired glucose metabolism in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant rats fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Wistar rats were fed a SRD for 3 months. Afterwards, half the animals continued with the SRD; in the other half's diet chia seeds replaced corn oil (CO) for three months (SRD+chia). In the control group, corn starch replaced sucrose. The replacement of CO by chia seeds in the SRD restored the activities of key enzymes involved in heart glucose metabolism decreasing fatty acid oxidation. Chia seeds normalized insulin stimulated GLUT-4 transporter, the abundance of IRS-1 and pAMPK, changed the profile of fatty acid phospholipids, reduced left-ventricle collagen deposition and normalized hypertension and dyslipidemia. New evidence is provided concerning the effects of dietary chia seeds in improving the altered metabolic fate of glucose in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adriana Benmelej
- Department of Morphology, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Department of Morphology, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yolanda B Lombardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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Belloum Y, Rannou-Bekono F, Favier FB. Cancer-induced cardiac cachexia: Pathogenesis and impact of physical activity (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2543-2552. [PMID: 28393216 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting syndrome observed in many patients suffering from several chronic diseases including cancer. In addition to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, cancer cachexia results in cardiac function impairment. During the severe stage of the disease, patients as well as animals bearing cancer cells display cardiac atrophy. Cardiac energy metabolism is also impeded with disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and reduced oxidative capacity, although the available data remain equivocal. The release of inflammatory cytokines by tumor is a key mechanism in the initiation of heart failure. Oxidative stress, which results from the combination of chemotherapy, inadequate antioxidant consumption and chronic inflammation, will further foster heart failure. Protein catabolism is due to the concomitant activation of proteolytic systems and inhibition of protein synthesis, both processes being triggered by the deactivation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. The reduction in oxidative capacity involves AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α dysregulation. The nuclear factor-κB transcription factor plays a prominent role in the coordination of these alterations. Physical exercise appears as an interesting non-pharmaceutical way to counteract cancer cachexia-induced-heart failure. Indeed, aerobic training has anti-inflammatory effects, increases anti-oxidant defenses, prevents atrophy and promotes oxidative metabolism. The present review points out the importance of better understanding the concurrent structural and metabolic changes within the myocardium during cancer and the protective effects of exercise against cardiac cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Françoise Rannou-Bekono
- EA 1274, Laboratoire 'Mouvement, Sport, Santé', Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
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38
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Guo Y, Li S, Li J, Ren Z, Chen F, Wang X. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharides from calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Makino on alloxan-induced mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:249-257. [PMID: 28238911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides (PPSC) isolated from calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Makino in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Seven polysaccharide fractions were obtained through a DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 gel column and they were the main composes of PPSC. The PPSC treatment could prevent the loss of body weight in diabetic mice and result in a decrease of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated serum protein (GSP) and an increase of fasting serum insulin in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological examination of pancreas revealed the ability of PPSC to protect and reverse β-cells from necrosis due destruction of alloxan in diabetic mice. Furthermore, oral PPSC upregulated the expression of PI3K, Akt and GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. The results suggest that PPSC possess significant anti-diabetic activity, as evaluated using alloxanised diabetic mice model. Consequently, PPSC might be a promising candidate for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Jung YJ, Kim BO, Kwak JH, Pyo S. Inhibitory Effect of Methyl 2-(4'-Methoxy-4'-oxobutanamide) Benzoate from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) on the Inflammatory Paracrine Loop between Macrophages and Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9317-9325. [PMID: 27960291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between macrophages and adipocytes is known to aggravate inflammation of the adipose tissue, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity. Hence, attenuation of the inflammatory paracrine loop between macrophages and adipocytes is deemed essential to ameliorate insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. Methyl 2-(4'-methoxy-4'-oxobutanamide) benzoate (compound 1), a newly isolated compound from Jerusalem srtichoke (JA), has not been biologically characterized yet. Here, we investigated whether JA-derived compound 1 attenuates the inflammatory cycle between RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compound 1 suppressed the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to lipopolysaccharide through decreased secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and Rantes and MAPK pathway activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, incubated in macrophage-conditioned media, were inhibited. These findings suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of a newly extracted compound against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Joo Jung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Oh Kim
- School of Food Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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40
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Kowsari AA, Hosseinsabet A. Evaluation of the Right Ventricular Function in Prediabetes: A 2-D Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1321-1329. [PMID: 26996526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pre-diabetes is a common condition associated with cardiovascular changes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the right ventricular (RV) function as assessed by 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography in pre-diabetic patients. This study recruited 94 patients (33 normal patients, 31 pre-diabetic patients and 30 diabetic patients). The absolute amount of the global peak systolic strain, the systolic strain rate and the early diastolic strain rate of the RV free wall (RVFW) was higher in the control group than in the pre-diabetic and diabetic groups. These indices were not different between the pre-diabetic and diabetic groups. The global late diastolic strain rate of RVFW was the same between the three groups. Also, pre-diabetes and diabetes were the independent predictors of the RVFW global peak systolic strain, systolic strain rate and diastolic strain rate. Our study demonstrated that the RV systolic and diastolic functions were impaired in the pre-diabetic and diabetic patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. Also, pre-diabetes and diabetes were independent predictors of systolic and diastolic functions of the RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Asghar Kowsari
- Cardiology Department, Gerash Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinsabet
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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King GL, Park K, Li Q. Selective Insulin Resistance and the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetes: The 2015 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture. Diabetes 2016; 65:1462-71. [PMID: 27222390 PMCID: PMC4878431 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Edwin Bierman Award Lecture is presented in honor of the memory of Edwin L. Bierman, MD, an exemplary scientist, mentor, and leader in the field of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The award and lecture recognizes a leading scientist in the field of macrovascular complications and contributing risk factors in diabetes. George L. King, MD, of the Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, received the prestigious award at the American Diabetes Association's 75th Scientific Sessions, 5-9 June 2015, in Boston, MA. He presented the Edwin Bierman Award Lecture, "Selective Insulin Resistance and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes," on Sunday, 7 June 2015.This review is focused on the factors and potential mechanisms that are causing various cardiovascular pathologies. In diabetes, insulin's actions on the endothelium and other vascular cells have significant influence on systemic metabolisms and the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Our studies showed that insulin receptors on the endothelium are important for insulin transport across the endothelial barrier and mediate insulin's actions in muscle, heart, fat, and the brain. Insulin actions on the vascular cells are mediated by two pathways involving the actions of either IRS/PI3K/Akt or Grb/Shc/MAPK. Insulin's activation of IRS/PI3K/Akt results in mostly antiatherogenic actions, as this pathway induces activation of eNOS, the expressions of HO-1 and VEGF, and the reduction of VCAM-1. In contrast, insulin's activation of the Grb/Shc/MAPK pathway mediates the expressions of ET-1 and PAI-1 and migration and proliferation of contractile cells, which have proatherogenic actions. Elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids, and inflammatory cytokines due to diabetes and insulin resistance selectively inhibit insulin's antiatherogenic actions via the IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway. This review provides evidence to support the importance of insulin actions in preventing cardiovascular pathology that can be selectively inhibited via the IRS/PI3K/Akt cascade in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Is Critical to Cardiac Fibrosis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2198645. [PMID: 27293418 PMCID: PMC4880703 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2198645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which plays a central role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PPARγ agonists have potential to reduce inflammation, influence the balance of immune cells, suppress oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function, which are all involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. Thus, in this review we discuss the role of PPARγ in various cardiovascular conditions associated with cardiac fibrosis, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, atrial fibrillation, and several other cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions, and summarize the developmental status of PPARγ agonists for the clinical management of CVD.
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Wang Y, Yang H, Nolan M, Negishi K, Burgess J, Marwick TH. Association of waist circumference with impaired six-minute walk in type 2 diabetes mellitus is independent of cardiac function. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:542-4. [PMID: 26785712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction has been associated with impaired exercise capacity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this community-based study of 274 asymptomatic T2DM patients (71±4 years, 55% men) with preserved ejection fraction, a comprehensive resting echocardiogram was performed to gather sensitive systolic and diastolic function parameters (including speckle tracking echocardiography), and a standard six-minute walk test was performed. Tertiles of increasing waist circumference were associated with worsening walk distance. In this community-based study, we found an association of waist circumference with impaired exercise capacity, independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, insulin and angiotensin blockade, LV mass, systolic and diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Hong Yang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mark Nolan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Hackfort BT, Mishra PK. Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide-microRNA crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H802-12. [PMID: 26801305 PMCID: PMC4867357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite an obnoxious smell and toxicity at a high dose, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as a cardioprotective gasotransmitter. H2S mitigates pathological cardiac remodeling by regulating several cellular processes including fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, and inflammation. These encouraging findings in rodents led to initiation of a clinical trial using a H2S donor in heart failure patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which H2S mitigates cardiac remodeling are not completely understood. Empirical evidence suggest that H2S may regulate signaling pathways either by directly influencing a gene in the cascade or interacting with nitric oxide (another cardioprotective gasotransmitter) or both. Recent studies revealed that H2S may ameliorate cardiac dysfunction by up- or downregulating specific microRNAs. MicroRNAs are noncoding, conserved, regulatory RNAs that modulate gene expression mostly by translational inhibition and are emerging as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few microRNAs also regulate H2S biosynthesis. The inter-regulation of microRNAs and H2S opens a new avenue for exploring the H2S-microRNA crosstalk in CVD. This review embodies regulatory mechanisms that maintain the physiological level of H2S, exogenous H2S donors used for increasing the tissue levels of H2S, H2S-mediated regulation of CVD, H2S-microRNAs crosstalk in relation to the pathophysiology of heart disease, clinical trials on H2S, and future perspectives for H2S as a therapeutic agent for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Hackfort
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Song YS, Lee DH, Yu JH, Oh DK, Hong JT, Yoon DY. Promotion of adipogenesis by 15-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 123:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1513-24. [PMID: 26924249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart balances uptake, metabolism and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) to maintain ATP production, membrane biosynthesis and lipid signaling. Under conditions where FA uptake outpaces FA oxidation and FA sequestration as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, toxic FA metabolites such as ceramides, diacylglycerols, long-chain acyl-CoAs, and acylcarnitines can accumulate in cardiomyocytes and cause cardiomyopathy. Moreover, studies using mutant mice have shown that dysregulation of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in the heart can lead to the excess deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely affect cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes our current understanding of lipid uptake, metabolism and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy under conditions including obesity, diabetes, aging, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Marchand A, Atassi F, Mougenot N, Clergue M, Codoni V, Berthuin J, Proust C, Trégouët DA, Hulot JS, Lompré AM. miR-322 regulates insulin signaling pathway and protects against metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:611-621. [PMID: 26775030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We identified murine miR-322, orthologous to human miR-424, as a new regulator of insulin receptor, IGF-1 receptor and sirtuin 4 mRNA in vitro and in vivo in the heart and found that miR-322/424 is highly expressed in the heart of mice. C57Bl/6N mice fed 10weeks of high fat diet (HFD) presented signs of cardiomyopathy and a stable miR-322 cardiac level while cardiac function was slightly affected in 11week-old ob/ob which overexpressed miR-322. We thus hypothesized that mmu-miR-322 could be protective against cardiac consequences of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. We overexpressed or knocked-down mmu-miR-322 using AAV9 and monitored cardiac function in wild-type C57Bl/6N mice fed a control diet (CD) or a HFD and in ob/ob mice. The fractional shortening progressively declined while the left ventricle systolic diameter increased in HFD mice infected with an AAVcontrol or with an AAVsponge (decreasing miR-322 bioavailability) but also in ob/ob mice infected with AAVsponge. Similar observations were also found in CD-fed mice infected with AAVsponge. On the contrary over-expressing miR-322 with AAVmiR-322 was efficient in protecting the heart from HFD effects in C57Bl/6N mice. This cardioprotection could be associated with the regulation of identified targets IGF1R, INSR and CD1, a decrease in insulin signaling pathway and an enrichment of genes involved in mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. Altogether, these results emphasize miR-322 as a new potential therapeutic target against cardiac consequences of metabolic syndrome, which represents an increasing burden in the western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marchand
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France
| | - Fabrice Atassi
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- PECMV Platform, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Michel Clergue
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Veronica Codoni
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jeremy Berthuin
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Carole Proust
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lompré
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France.
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AICAR Protects against High Palmitate/High Insulin-Induced Intramyocellular Lipid Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in HL-1 Cardiac Cells by Inducing PPAR-Target Gene Expression. PPAR Res 2015; 2015:785783. [PMID: 26649034 PMCID: PMC4663352 DOI: 10.1155/2015/785783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we studied the impact of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a well-known AMPK activator, on cardiac metabolic adaptation. AMPK activation by AICAR was confirmed by increased phospho-Thr(172)-AMPK and phospho-Ser(79)-ACC protein levels in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Then, cells were exposed to AICAR stimulation for 24 h in the presence or absence of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, and the mRNA levels of the three PPARs were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Treatment with AICAR induced gene expression of all three PPARs, but only the Ppara and Pparg regulation were dependent on AMPK. Next, we exposed HL-1 cells to high palmitate/high insulin (HP/HI) conditions either in presence or in absence of AICAR, and we evaluated the expression of selected PPAR-targets genes. HP/HI induced insulin resistance and lipid storage was accompanied by increased Cd36, Acot1, and Ucp3 mRNA levels. AICAR treatment induced the expression of Acadvl and Glut4, which correlated to prevention of the HP/HI-induced intramyocellular lipid build-up, and attenuation of the HP/HI-induced impairment of glucose uptake. These data support the hypothesis that AICAR contributes to cardiac metabolic adaptation via regulation of transcriptional mechanisms.
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Jackson EE, Rendina-Ruedy E, Smith BJ, Lacombe VA. Loss of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Function Partially Protects against Peripheral and Cardiac Glucose Metabolic Derangements During a Long-Term High-Fat Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142077. [PMID: 26539824 PMCID: PMC4634760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease that carries a high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the pathophysiological link between these disorders is not well known. We hypothesize that TLR4 signaling mediates high fat diet (HFD)-induced peripheral and cardiac glucose metabolic derangements. Mice with a loss-of-function mutation in TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) and age-matched control (C57BL/6) mice were fed either a high-fat diet or normal diet for 16 weeks. Glucose tolerance and plasma insulin were measured. Protein expression of glucose transporters (GLUT), AKT (phosphorylated and total), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and SOCS-3) were quantified in the heart using Western Blotting. Both groups fed a long-term HFD had increased body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as impaired glucose tolerance compared to mice fed a normal diet. TLR4-mutant mice were partially protected against long-term HFD-induced insulin resistance. In control mice, feeding a HFD decreased cardiac crude membrane GLUT4 protein content, which was partially rescued in TLR4-mutant mice. TLR4-mutant mice fed a HFD also had increased expression of GLUT8, a novel isoform, compared to mice fed a normal diet. GLUT8 content was positively correlated with SOCS-3 and IL-6 expression in the heart. No significant differences in cytokine expression were observed between groups, suggesting a lack of inflammation in the heart following a HFD. Loss of TLR4 function partially restored a healthy metabolic phenotype, suggesting that TLR4 signaling is a key mechanism in HFD-induced peripheral and cardiac insulin resistance. Our data further suggest that TLR4 exerts its detrimental metabolic effects in the myocardium through a cytokine-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Jackson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Veronique A. Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Fang P, Shi M, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Bo P. Central injection of GalR1 agonist M617 facilitates GLUT4 expression in cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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