1
|
Schäfer TE, Knol LI, Haas FV, Hartley A, Pernickel SCS, Jády A, Finkbeiner MSC, Achberger J, Arelaki S, Modic Ž, Schröer K, Zhang W, Schmidt B, Schuster P, Haferkamp S, Doerner J, Gebauer F, Ackermann M, Kvasnicka HM, Kulkarni A, Bots STF, Kemp V, Hawinkels LJAC, Poetsch AR, Hoeben RC, Ehrhardt A, Marchini A, Ungerechts G, Ball CR, Engeland CE. Biomarker screen for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in patient-derived pancreatic cancer cultures. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105219. [PMID: 38941955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumour entity with unmet medical need. To assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) against PDAC, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently investigated in clinical trials. However, systematic comparisons of these different OVs in terms of efficacy against PDAC and biomarkers predicting therapeutic response are lacking. METHODS We screened fourteen patient-derived PDAC cultures which reflect the intra- and intertumoural heterogeneity of PDAC for their sensitivity to five clinically relevant OVs, namely serotype 5 adenovirus Ad5-hTERT, herpes virus T-VEC, measles vaccine strain MV-NIS, reovirus jin-3, and protoparvovirus H-1PV. Live cell analysis, quantification of viral genome/gene expression, cell viability as well as cytotoxicity assays and titration of viral progeny were conducted. Transcriptome profiling was employed to identify potential predictive biomarkers for response to OV treatment. FINDINGS Patient-derived PDAC cultures showed individual response patterns to OV treatment. Twelve of fourteen cultures were responsive to at least one OV, with no single OV proving superior or inferior across all cultures. Known host factors for distinct viruses were retrieved as potential biomarkers. Compared to the classical molecular subtype, the quasi-mesenchymal or basal-like subtype of PDAC was found to be more sensitive to H-1PV, jin-3, and T-VEC. Generally, expression of viral entry receptors did not correlate with sensitivity to OV treatment, with one exception: Expression of Galectin-1 (LGALS1), a factor involved in H-1PV entry, positively correlated with H-1PV induced cell killing. Rather, cellular pathways controlling immunological, metabolic and proliferative signaling appeared to determine outcome. For instance, high baseline expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) correlated with relative resistance to oncolytic measles virus, whereas low cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) expression was associated with exceptional response. Combination treatment of MV-NIS with a cGAS inhibitor improved tumour cell killing in several PDAC cultures and cells overexpressing cGAS were found to be less sensitive to MV oncolysis. INTERPRETATION Considering the heterogeneity of PDAC and the complexity of biological therapies such as OVs, no single biomarker can explain the spectrum of response patterns. For selection of a particular OV, PDAC molecular subtype, ISG expression as well as activation of distinct signaling and metabolic pathways should be considered. Combination therapies can overcome resistance in specific constellations. Overall, oncolytic virotherapy is a viable treatment option for PDAC, which warrants further development. This study highlights the need for personalised treatment in OVT. By providing all primary data, this study provides a rich source and guidance for ongoing developments. FUNDING German National Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe), German National Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes), Survival with Pancreatic Cancer Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Schäfer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisanne I Knol
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ferdinand V Haas
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Hartley
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; DNA Vector Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie C S Pernickel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Jády
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximiliane S C Finkbeiner
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Achberger
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stella Arelaki
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, Germany
| | - Živa Modic
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröer
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuster
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Doerner
- Department of Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Clinics University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Kvasnicka
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Selas T F Bots
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Kemp
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna R Poetsch
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Biology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Experimental Hematology and Immunotherapy, Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Cellular Therapy and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Leipzig University Hospital, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Do HT, Ono M, Wang Z, Kitagawa W, Dang AT, Yonezawa T, Kuboki T, Oohashi T, Kubota S. Inverse genetics tracing the differentiation pathway of human chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01262-7. [PMID: 38925474 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mammalian somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via the forced expression of Yamanaka reprogramming factors. However, only a limited population of the cells that pass through a particular pathway can metamorphose into iPSCs, while the others do not. This study aimed to clarify the pathways that chondrocytes follow during the reprogramming process. DESIGN The fate of human articular chondrocytes under reprogramming was investigated through a time-coursed single-cell transcriptomic analysis, which we termed an inverse genetic approach. The iPS interference technique was also employed to verify that chondrocytes inversely return to pluripotency following the proper differentiation pathway. RESULTS We confirmed that human chondrocytes could be converted into cells with an iPSC phenotype. Moreover, it was clarified that a limited population that underwent the silencing of SOX9, a master gene for chondrogenesis, at a specific point during the proper transcriptome transition pathway, could eventually become iPSCs. Interestingly, the other cells, which failed to be reprogrammed, followed a distinct pathway toward cells with a surface zone chondrocyte phenotype. The critical involvement of cellular communication network factors (CCNs) in this process was indicated. The idea that chondrocytes, when reprogrammed into iPSCs, follow the differentiation pathway backward was supported by the successful iPS interference using SOX9. CONCLUSIONS This inverse genetic strategy may be useful for seeking candidates for the master genes for the differentiation of various somatic cells. The utility of CCNs in articular cartilage regeneration is also supported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H T Do
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - M Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Implantology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - W Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - A T Dang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - T Yonezawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - T Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Implantology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - T Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - S Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwab LSU, Do THT, Pilapitiya D, Koutsakos M. Dissemination of influenza B virus to the lower respiratory tract of mice is restricted by the interferon response. J Virol 2024; 98:e0160423. [PMID: 38780249 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01604-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The global burden of disease caused by influenza B virus (IBV) is substantial; however, IBVs remain overlooked. Understanding host-pathogen interactions and establishing physiologically relevant models of infection are important for the development and assessment of therapeutics and vaccines against IBV. In this study, we assessed an upper respiratory tract (URT)-restricted model of mouse IBV infection, comparing it to the conventional administration of the virus to the total respiratory tract (TRT). We found that URT infections caused by different strains of IBV disseminate to the trachea but resulted in limited dissemination of IBV to the lungs. Infection of the URT did not result in weight loss or systemic inflammation even at high inoculum doses and despite robust viral replication in the nose. Dissemination of IBV to the lungs was enhanced in mice lacking functional type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2), but not IFNγ. Conversely, in mice expressing the IFN-inducible gene Mx1, we found reduced IBV replication in the lungs and reduced dissemination of IBV from the URT to the lungs. Inoculation of IBV in both the URT and TRT resulted in seroconversion against IBV. However, priming at the TRT conferred superior protection from a heterologous lethal IBV challenge compared to URT priming, as determined by improved survival rates and reduced viral replication throughout the respiratory tract. Overall, our study establishes a URT-restricted IBV infection model, highlights the critical role of IFNs in limiting dissemination of IBV to the lungs, and also demonstrates that the lack of viral replication in the lungs may impact protection from subsequent infections. IMPORTANCE Our study investigated how influenza B virus (IBV) spreads from the nose to the lungs of mice and the impact this has on disease and protection from re-infection. We found that when applied to the nose only, IBV does not spread very efficiently to the lungs in a process controlled by the interferon response. Priming immunity at the nose only resulted in less protection from re-infection than priming immunity at both the nose and lungs. These insights can guide the development of potential therapies targeting the interferon response as well as of intranasal vaccines against IBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H T Do
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devaki Pilapitiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrukee R, Schwab LSU, Barnes JB, Brooks AG, Londrigan SL, Hartmann G, Zillinger T, Reading PC. Induction and antiviral activity of ferret myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein 1 against influenza A viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13524. [PMID: 38866913 PMCID: PMC11169552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are products of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and Mx proteins of different species have been reported to mediate antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including influenza A viruses (IAV). Ferrets are widely considered to represent the 'gold standard' small animal model for studying pathogenesis and immunity to human IAV infections, however little is known regarding the antiviral activity of ferret Mx proteins. Herein, we report induction of ferret (f)Mx1/2 in a ferret lung cell line and in airway tissues from IAV-infected ferrets, noting that fMx1 was induced to higher levels that fMx2 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression confirmed cytoplasmic expression of fMx1 as well as its ability to inhibit infection and replication of IAV, noting that this antiviral effect of fMx1was modest when compared to cells overexpressing either human MxA or mouse Mx1. Together, these studies provide the first insights regarding the role of fMx1 in cell innate antiviral immunity to influenza viruses. Understanding similarities and differences in the antiviral activities of human and ferret ISGs provides critical context for evaluating results when studying human IAV infections in the ferret model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - James B Barnes
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ni Q, Fan Y, Xiao S, Lu L. Effect of Heat Shock Treatment on the Virulence of Grass Carp Reovirus in Rare Minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Viruses 2024; 16:921. [PMID: 38932213 PMCID: PMC11209515 DOI: 10.3390/v16060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The mode and outcome of fish-virus interactions are influenced by many abiotic factors, among which water temperature is especially important in poikilothermic fish. Rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus is a eurythermal small cyprinid fish that is sensitive to infection with genotype II grass carp reovirus (GCRV). HSP70, a conservative and key player in heat shock response, is previously identified as an induced pro-viral factor during GCRV infection in vitro. Here, rare minnow was subjected to heat shock treatment (HST), 1 h treatment at 32 °C followed by reverting to a normal temperature of 24 °C, and subsequently challenged with GCRV-II at a dosage of 1 × LD50. The effect of HST on GCRV virulence in vivo was evaluated by calculating virus-associated mortality and viral load in both dead and survival fish. The results revealed that HST enhanced the mortality of rare minnow infected with GCRV; the fact that viral loads in the tissue samples of HST-treated fish were significantly higher than those in samples of the control group at 6, 8 d p.i. reflected a faster infection process due to HST. Quantitative gene expression analysis was further employed to show that the expression levels of Hsp70 in intestine and liver tissues from the HST group declined faster than muscle tissue after HST. HST W/O GCRV challenge upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as MyD88 and Nf-κB, which was in consistence with the inflammation observed in histopathological analysis. This study shed light on the complexity of the interaction between fish abiotic and biotic stress response, which suggested that HST, an abiotic stress, could enhance the virulence of GCRV in Gobiocypris rarus that involved modulating the gene expression of host heat shock, as well as a pro-inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Ni
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.N.); (Y.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Yanchang Fan
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.N.); (Y.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Simin Xiao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.N.); (Y.F.); (S.X.)
| | - Liqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Department of Aquatic Medicine, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi D, An N, Li Q, Liu Q, Shao H, Zhou R, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ma L, Guo F, Li X, Liu Z, Cen S. Interferon-induced MXB protein restricts vimentin-dependent viral infection. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2520-2536. [PMID: 38828143 PMCID: PMC11143536 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) inhibits a wide spectrum of viruses through stimulating the expression of antiviral proteins. As an IFN-induced protein, myxovirus resistance B (MXB) protein was reported to inhibit multiple highly pathogenic human viruses. It remains to be determined whether MXB employs a common mechanism to restrict different viruses. Here, we find that IFN alters the subcellular localization of hundreds of host proteins, and this IFN effect is partially lost upon MXB depletion. The results of our mechanistic study reveal that MXB recognizes vimentin (VIM) and recruits protein kinase B (AKT) to phosphorylate VIM at amino acid S38, which leads to reorganization of the VIM network and impairment of intracellular trafficking of virus protein complexes, hence causing a restriction of virus infection. These results highlight a new function of MXB in modulating VIM-mediated trafficking, which may lead towards a novel broad-spectrum antiviral strategy to control a large group of viruses that depend on VIM for successful replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ni An
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huihan Shao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gautam D, Sindhu A, Vats A, Rajput S, Roshan M, Pal H, De S. Characterization and expression profiling of buffalo IFN-lambda family. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110770. [PMID: 38735115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) is an important type III interferon triggered mainly by viral infection. IFN-λ binds to their heterodimeric receptors and signals through JAK-STAT pathways similar to type I IFN. In this study, we deduced the buffalo IFN-λ sequences through the polymerase chain reaction, and then studied IFN-λ's expression patterns in different tissues, and post induction with poly I:C and live MRSA using RT-qPCR. The full-length sequences of buffalo IFN-λ3, IFN-λ receptors, and a transcript variant of IFN-λ4 were determined. IFN-λ1 is identified as a pseudogene. Virus response elements and a recombination hotspot factor was observed in the regulatory region of IFN-λ. The IFN-λ3 expressed highest in lungs and monocytes but IFN-λ4 did not. The expression of Interferon Lambda Receptor 1 was tissue specific, while Interleukin 10 Receptor subunit beta was ubiquitous. Following poly I:C induction, IFN-λ3 expression was primarily observed in epithelial cells as opposed to fibroblasts, displaying cell type-dependent expression. The cytosolic RNA sensors were expressed highest in endometrial epithelial cells, whereas the endosomal receptor was higher in fibroblasts. 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase expressed higher in fibroblasts, myxoma resistance protein 1 and IFN-stimulated gene 56 in epithelial cells, displaying cell-specific antiviral response of the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). The endometrial epithelial cells expressed IFN-λ3 after live S. aureus infection indicating its importance in bacterial infection. The induction of IFN-λ3 was S. aureus isolate specific at the same multiplicity of infection (MOI). This study elucidates the IFN-λ sequences, diverse expression patterns revealing tissue specificity, and specificity in response to poly I:C and bacterial stimuli, emphasising its crucial role in innate immune response modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devika Gautam
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India; Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, HR 139031, India
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, HR 139031, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Shiveeli Rajput
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Mayank Roshan
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Hanshika Pal
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdel-Haq H. Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:583. [PMID: 38932312 PMCID: PMC11209158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based tests are used for the control of vaccine quality. However, because highly purified and safe vaccines are now available, alternative approaches that can replace or reduce animal use for the assessment of vaccine outcomes must be established. In vitro tests for vaccine quality control exist and have already been implemented. However, these tests are specifically designed for some next-generation vaccines, and this makes them not readily available for testing other vaccines. Therefore, universal non-animal tests are still needed. Specific signatures of the innate immune response could represent a promising approach to predict the outcome of vaccines by non-animal methods. Type I interferons (IFNs) have multiple immunomodulatory activities, which are exerted through effectors called interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and are one of the most important immune signatures that might provide potential candidate molecular biomarkers for this purpose. This paper will mainly examine if this idea might be feasible by analyzing all relevant published studies that have provided type I IFN-related biomarkers for evaluating the safety and efficacy profiles of vaccines using an advanced transcriptomic approach as an alternative to the animal methods. Results revealed that such an approach could potentially provide biomarkers predictive of vaccine outcomes after addressing some limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sinha P, Thio CL, Balagopal A. Intracellular Host Restriction of Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38793645 PMCID: PMC11125714 DOI: 10.3390/v16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes and hijacks host cellular mechanisms for its replication. Host proteins can be frontline effectors of the cell's defense and restrict viral replication by impeding multiple steps during its intracellular lifecycle. This review summarizes many of the well-described restriction factors, their mechanisms of restriction, and counteractive measures of HBV, with a special focus on viral transcription. We discuss some of the limitations and knowledge gaps about the restriction factors, highlighting how these factors may be harnessed to facilitate therapeutic strategies against HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M. Innate immune response against vector-borne bunyavirus infection and viral countermeasures. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1365221. [PMID: 38711929 PMCID: PMC11070517 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1365221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses are a large group of important viral pathogens that cause significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Bunyaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts. Upon entry into host cells, the components of viruses are recognized by host innate immune system, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades to induce interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory cytokines. IFNs bind to their receptors and upregulate the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Many ISGs have antiviral activities and confer an antiviral state to host cells. For efficient replication and spread, viruses have evolved different strategies to antagonize IFN-mediated restriction. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between bunyaviruses and host innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Apoorva, Singh SK. A tale of endurance: bats, viruses and immune dynamics. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38648093 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of highly zoonotic viral infections has propelled bat research forward. The viral outbreaks including Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Rabies virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV and the latest SARS-CoV-2 have been epidemiologically linked to various bat species. Bats possess unique immunological characteristics that allow them to serve as a potential viral reservoir. Bats are also known to protect themselves against viruses and maintain their immunity. Therefore, there is a need for in-depth understanding into bat-virus biology to unravel the major factors contributing to the coexistence and spread of viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Twentyman J, Emerman M, Ohainle M. Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions. J Virol 2024; 98:e0030824. [PMID: 38497663 PMCID: PMC11019884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00308-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Host antiviral proteins inhibit primate lentiviruses and other retroviruses by targeting many features of the viral life cycle. The lentiviral capsid protein and the assembled viral core are known to be inhibited through multiple, directly acting antiviral proteins. Several phenotypes, including those known as Lv1 through Lv5, have been described as cell type-specific blocks to infection against some but not all primate lentiviruses. Here we review important features of known capsid-targeting blocks to infection together with several blocks to infection for which the genes responsible for the inhibition still remain to be identified. We outline the features of these blocks as well as how current methodologies are now well suited to find these antiviral genes and solve these long-standing mysteries in the HIV and retrovirology fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Twentyman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Molly Ohainle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim DH, Kim JH, Lim KB, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Lee SW, Lee DH, Choi IS. Antiviral activity of adenoviral vector expressing human interferon lambda-4 against influenza virus. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29605. [PMID: 38634474 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFNλ), classified as a type III IFN, is a representative cytokine that plays an important role in innate immunity along with type I IFN. IFNλ can elicit antiviral states by inducing peculiar sets of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, an adenoviral vector expression system with a tetracycline operator system was used to express human IFNλ4 in cells and mice. The formation of recombinant adenovirus (rAd-huIFNλ4) was confirmed using immunohistochemistry assays and transmission electron microscopy. Its purity was verified by quantifying host cell DNA and host cell proteins, as well as by confirming the absence of the replication-competent adenovirus. The transduction of rAd-huIFNλ4 induced ISGs and inhibited four subtypes of the influenza virus in both mouse-derived (LA-4) and human-derived cells (A549). The antiviral state was confirmed in BALB/c mice following intranasal inoculation with 109 PFU of rAd-huIFNλ4, which led to the inhibition of four subtypes of the influenza virus in mouse lungs, with reduced inflammatory lesions. These results imply that human IFNλ4 could induce antiviral status by modulating ISG expression in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwi Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Beom Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Konkuk University Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Munir M, Embry A, Doench JG, Heaton NS, Wilen CB, Orchard RC. Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies JADE3 as an antiviral activator of NF-kB-dependent IFITM3 expression. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107153. [PMID: 38462163 PMCID: PMC11001640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system features a web of interacting pathways that require exquisite regulation. To identify novel nodes in this immune landscape, we conducted a gain-of-function, genome-wide CRISPR activation screen with influenza A virus. We identified both appreciated and novel antiviral genes, including Jade family PHD zinc finger 3 (JADE3) a protein involved in directing the histone acetyltransferase histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1 complex to modify chromatin and regulate transcription. JADE3 is both necessary and sufficient to restrict influenza A virus infection. Our results suggest a distinct function for JADE3 as expression of the closely related paralogs JADE1 and JADE2 does not confer resistance to influenza A virus infection. JADE3 is required for both constitutive and inducible expression of the well-characterized antiviral gene interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3). Furthermore, we find JADE3 activates the NF-kB signaling pathway, which is required for the promotion of IFITM3 expression by JADE3. Therefore, we propose JADE3 activates an antiviral genetic program involving NF-kB-dependent IFITM3 expression to restrict influenza A virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moiz Munir
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Embry
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan S, Wu H, Wang R, Chen Q, Zhang X. Congenital disorders of glycosylation with multiorgan disruption and immune dysregulation caused by compound heterozygous variants in MAN2B2. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2422. [PMID: 38622837 PMCID: PMC11019143 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a type of inborn error of metabolism (IEM) resulting from defects in glycan synthesis or failed attachment of glycans to proteins or lipids. One rare type of CDG is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in mannosidase alpha class 2B member 2 (MAN2B2). To date, only two cases of MAN2B2-CDG have been reported worldwide. METHODS Trio whole-exome sequencing (Trio-WES) was conducted to screen for candidate variants. N-glycan profiles were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MAN2B2 expression was evaluated by western blotting. MX dynamin like GTPase 1 (MX1) function was estimated via Thogoto virus (THOV) minireplicon assay. RESULTS Trio-WES identified compound heterozygous MAN2B2 (hg19, NM_015274.1) variants (c.384G>T; c.926T>A) in a CDG patient. This patient exhibited metabolic abnormalities, symptoms of digestive tract dysfunction, infection, dehydration, and seizures. Novel immune dysregulation characterized by abnormal lymphocytes and immunoglobulin was observed. The MAN2B2 protein level was not affected, while LC-MS/MS showed obvious disruption of N-glycans and N-linked glycoproteins. CONCLUSION We described a CDG patient with novel phenotypes and disruptive N-glycan profiling caused by compound heterozygous MAN2B2 variants (c.384G>T; c.926T>A). Our findings broadened both the genetic and clinical spectra of CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Fan
- McKusick‐Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick‐Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick‐Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sehgal PB, Yuan H, Centone A, DiSenso-Browne SV. Oral Antiviral Defense: Saliva- and Beverage-like Hypotonicity Dynamically Regulate Formation of Membraneless Biomolecular Condensates of Antiviral Human MxA in Oral Epithelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:590. [PMID: 38607029 PMCID: PMC11011872 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa represents a defensive barrier between the external environment and the rest of the body. Oral mucosal cells are constantly bathed in hypotonic saliva (normally one-third tonicity compared to plasma) and are repeatedly exposed to environmental stresses of tonicity, temperature, and pH by the drinks we imbibe (e.g., hypotonic: water, tea, and coffee; hypertonic: assorted fruit juices, and red wines). In the mouth, the broad-spectrum antiviral mediator MxA (a dynamin-family large GTPase) is constitutively expressed in healthy periodontal tissues and induced by Type III interferons (e.g., IFN-λ1/IL-29). Endogenously induced human MxA and exogenously expressed human GFP-MxA formed membraneless biomolecular condensates in the cytoplasm of oral carcinoma cells (OECM1 cell line). These condensates likely represent storage granules in equilibrium with antivirally active dispersed MxA. Remarkably, cytoplasmic MxA condensates were exquisitely sensitive sensors of hypotonicity-the condensates in oral epithelium disassembled within 1-2 min of exposure of cells to saliva-like one-third hypotonicity, and spontaneously reassembled in the next 4-7 min. Water, tea, and coffee enhanced this disassembly. Fluorescence changes in OECM1 cells preloaded with calcein-AM (a reporter of cytosolic "macromolecular crowding") confirmed that this process involved macromolecular uncrowding and subsequent recrowding secondary to changes in cell volume. However, hypertonicity had little effect on MxA condensates. The spontaneous reassembly of GFP-MxA condensates in oral epithelial cells, even under continuous saliva-like hypotonicity, was slowed by the protein-phosphatase-inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) and by the K-channel-blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA); this is suggestive of the involvement of the volume-sensitive WNK kinase-protein phosphatase (PTP)-K-Cl cotransporter (KCC) pathway in the regulated volume decrease (RVD) during condensate reassembly in oral cells. The present study identifies a novel subcellular consequence of hypotonic stress in oral epithelial cells, in terms of the rapid and dynamic changes in the structure of one class of phase-separated biomolecular condensates in the cytoplasm-the antiviral MxA condensates. More generally, the data raise the possibility that hypotonicity-driven stresses likely affect other intracellular functions involving liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells of the oral mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin B. Sehgal
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Anthony Centone
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang F, Zhou P, Wang L, Liao X, Liu X, Ke C, Wen S, Shu Y. Polymorphisms of IFN signaling genes and FOXP4 influence the severity of COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:270. [PMID: 38429664 PMCID: PMC10905836 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe, and critical disease. Host genetic variants were recognized to affect the disease severity. However, the genetic landscape differs among various populations. Therefore, we explored the variants associated with COVID-19 severity in the Guangdong population. METHODS A total of 314 subjects were selected, of which the severe and critical COVID-19 patients were defined as "cases", and the mild and moderate patients were defined as "control". Twenty-two variants in interferon-related genes and FOXP4 were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. RESULTS IFN signaling gene MX1 rs17000900 CA + AA genotype was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 in males (P = 0.001, OR = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.008-0.316). The AT haplotype comprised of MX1 rs17000900 and rs2071430 was more likely to protect against COVID-19 severity (P = 6.3E-03). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 3.747, 95%CI = 1.746-8.043) and rs2894439 GA + AA genotype (P = 0.001, OR = 5.703, 95% CI = 2.045-15.903) were correlated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Haplotype CA comprised of rs1886814 and rs2894439 was found to be correlated with adverse outcomes (P = 7.0E-04). FOXP4 rs1886814 CC (P = 0.0004) and rs2894439 GA + AA carriers had higher neutralizing antibody titers (P = 0.0018). The CA + AA genotype of MX1 rs17000900 tended to be correlated with lower neutralizing antibody titers than CC genotype (P = 0.0663), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study found a possible association between MX1 and FOXP4 polymorphisms and the severity of COVID-19. Distinguishing high-risk patients who develop severe COVID-19 will provide clues for early intervention and individual treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Simin Wen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102629, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Layish B, Goli R, Flick H, Huang SW, Zhang RZ, Kvaratskhelia M, Kane M. Virus specificity and nucleoporin requirements for MX2 activity are affected by GTPase function and capsid-CypA interactions. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011830. [PMID: 38512975 PMCID: PMC10986937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MXB) is an interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection by preventing nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex. The HIV-1 capsid (CA) is the major viral determinant for sensitivity to MX2, and complex interactions between MX2, CA, nucleoporins (Nups), cyclophilin A (CypA), and other cellular proteins influence the outcome of viral infection. To explore the interactions between MX2, the viral CA, and CypA, we utilized a CRISPR-Cas9/AAV approach to generate CypA knock-out cell lines as well as cells that express CypA from its endogenous locus, but with specific point mutations that would abrogate CA binding but should not affect enzymatic activity or cellular function. We found that infection of CypA knock-out and point mutant cell lines with wild-type HIV-1 and CA mutants recapitulated the phenotypes observed upon cyclosporine A (CsA) addition, indicating that effects of CsA treatment are the direct result of blocking CA-CypA interactions and are therefore independent from potential interactions between CypA and MX2 or other cellular proteins. Notably, abrogation of GTP hydrolysis by MX2 conferred enhanced antiviral activity when CA-CypA interactions were abolished, and this effect was not mediated by the CA-binding residues in the GTPase domain, or by phosphorylation of MX2 at position T151. We additionally found that elimination of GTPase activity also altered the Nup requirements for MX2 activity. Our data demonstrate that the antiviral activity of MX2 is affected by CypA-CA interactions in a virus-specific and GTPase activity-dependent manner. These findings further highlight the importance of the GTPase domain of MX2 in regulation of substrate specificity and interaction with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Layish
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ram Goli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haley Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert Z. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melissa Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bergmann S, Brunotte L, Schughart K. Differential lung gene expression changes in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice carrying an identical functional Mx1 gene reveals crucial differences in the host response. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:19. [PMID: 38360537 PMCID: PMC10870463 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza virus infections represent a major global health problem. The dynamin-like GTPase MX1 is an interferon-dependent antiviral host protein that confers resistance to influenza virus infections. Infection models in mice are an important experimental system to understand the host response and susceptibility to developing severe disease following influenza infections. However, almost all laboratory mouse strains carry a non-functional Mx1 gene whereas humans have a functional MX1 gene. Most studies in mice have been performed with strains carrying a non-functional Mx1 gene. It is therefore very important to investigate the host response in mouse strains with a functional Mx1 gene. RESULTS Here, we analyzed the host response to influenza virus infections in two congenic mouse strains carrying the functional Mx1 gene from the A2G strain. B6.A2G-Mx1r/r(B6-Mx1r/r) mice are highly resistant to influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 infections. On the other hand, D2(B6).A2G-Mx1r/r(D2-Mx1r/r) mice, although carrying a functional Mx1 gene, were highly susceptible, exhibited rapid weight loss, and died. We performed gene expression analysis using RNAseq from infected lungs at days 3 and 5 post-infection (p.i.) of both mouse strains to identify genes and pathways that were differentially expressed between the two mouse strains. The susceptible D2-Mx1r/r mice showed a high viral replication already at day 3 p.i. and exhibited a much higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and many DEGs had elevated expression levels compared to B6-Mx1r/r mice. On the other hand, some DEGs were specifically up-regulated only in B6-Mx1r/r mice at day 3 p.i., many of which were related to host immune response functions. CONCLUSIONS From these results, we conclude that at early times of infection, D2-Mx1r/r mice showed a very high and rapid replication of the virus, which resulted in lung damage and a hyperinflammatory response leading to death. We hypothesize that the activation of certain immune response genes was missing and that others, especially Mx1, were expressed at a time in D2-Mx1r/r mice when the virus had already massively spread in the lung and were thus not able anymore to protect them from severe disease. Our study represents an important addition to previously published studies in mouse models and contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathways and genes that protect against severe influenza disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bergmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology Münster, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Institute of Virology Münster, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang MX, Liang JH, Luo S, Zhang SB, Zhou QJ, Lu JF, Chen J. Oral vaccination with recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus G protein elicits protective immunity in largemouth bass. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109364. [PMID: 38199264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is one of the main pathogens of largemouth bass, leading to serious economic losses. The G protein, as the only envelope protein present on the surface of MSRV virion, contains immune-related antigenic determinants, thereby becoming the primary target for the design of MSRV vaccines. Here, we displayed the G protein on the surface of yeast cells (named EBY100/pYD1-G) and conducted a preliminary assessment of the protective efficacy of the recombinant yeast vaccine. Upon oral vaccination, a robust immune response was observed in systemic and mucosal tissue. Remarkably, following the MSRV challenge, the relative percent survival of EBY100/pYD1-G treated largemouth bass significantly increased to 66.7 %. In addition, oral administration inhibited viral replication and alleviated the pathological symptoms of MSRV-infected largemouth bass. These results suggest that EBY100/pYD1-G could be used as a potential oral vaccine against MSRV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qian-Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai J, He X, Zhang R, Zhang L, Chen L, He F, Li L, Yang L, Ren T, Xiang B. Chicken Interferon-Alpha and -Lambda Exhibit Antiviral Effects against Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1681. [PMID: 38338959 PMCID: PMC10855402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is primarily caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), causing high mortality in chickens. Although vaccination strategies against FAdV-4 have been adopted, HHS still occurs sporadically. Furthermore, no effective drugs are available for controlling FAdV-4 infection. However, type I and III interferon (IFN) are crucial therapeutic agents against viral infection. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of chicken IFN against FadV-4. We expressed recombinant chicken type I IFN-α (ChIFN-α) and type III IFN-λ (ChIFN-λ) in Escherichia coli and systemically investigated their antiviral activity against FAdV-4 infection in Leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ dose dependently inhibited FAdV-4 replication in LMH cells. Compared with ChIFN-λ, ChIFN-α more significantly inhibited viral genome transcription but less significantly suppressed FAdV-4 release. ChIFN-α- and ChIFN-λ-induced IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, such as PKR, ZAP, IRF7, MX1, Viperin, IFIT5, OASL, and IFI6, in LMH cells; however, ChIFN-α induced a stronger expression level than ChIFN-λ. Thus, our data revealed that ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ might trigger different ISG expression levels, inhibiting FAdV-4 replication via different steps of the FAdV-4 lifecycle, which furthers the potential applications of IFN antiviral drugs in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (L.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang D, Geng T, Harrison AG, Cahoon JG, Xing J, Jiao B, Wang M, Cheng C, Hill RE, Wang H, Vella AT, Cheng G, Wang Y, Wang P. UBR5 promotes antiviral immunity by disengaging the transcriptional brake on RIG-I like receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:780. [PMID: 38278841 PMCID: PMC10817939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are more susceptible to lethal RNA virus infection than wild type littermates. Mechanistically, UBR5 mediates the Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28), an epigenetic repressor of RLRs. This modification prevents intramolecular SUMOylation of TRIM28, thus disengages the TRIM28-imposed brake on RLR transcription. In sum, UBR5 enables rapid upregulation of RLR expression to boost antiviral immune responses by ubiquitinating and de-SUMOylating TRIM28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason G Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mark Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Hill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang M, Min YQ, Xu Z, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Host factor MxA restricts Dabie bandavirus infection by targeting the viral NP protein to inhibit NP-RdRp interaction and ribonucleoprotein activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0156823. [PMID: 38054738 PMCID: PMC10805036 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high case mortality rates, which is caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV), a novel pathogen also termed as SFTS virus (SFTSV). Currently, no specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines are available for SFTS. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) has been shown to inhibit multiple viral pathogens; however, the role of MxA in DBV infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that DBV stimulates MxA expression which, in turn, restricts DBV infection. Mechanistic target analysis revealed that MxA specifically interacts with the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) in a manner independent of RNA. Minigenome reporter assay showed that in agreement with its targeting of NP, MxA inhibits DBV ribonucleoprotein (RNP) activity. In detail, MxA interacts with the NP N-terminal and disrupts the interaction of NP with the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) but not NP multimerization, the critical activities of NP for RNP formation and function. Furthermore, MxA N-terminal domain was identified as the functional domain inhibiting DBV infection, and, consistently, then was shown to interact with NP and obstruct the NP-RdRp interaction. Additionally, threonine 103 within the N-terminal domain is important for MxA inhibition to DBV, and its mutation (T103A) attenuates MxA binding to NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp interaction. This study uncovers MxA inhibition of DBV with a series of functional and mechanistical analyses, providing insights into the virus-host interactions and probably helping inform the development of antiviral agents in the future.IMPORTANCEDBV/SFTSV is an emerging high-pathogenic virus. Since its first identification in China in 2009, cases of DBV infection have been reported in many other countries, posing a significant threat to public health. Uncovering the mechanisms of DBV-host interactions is necessary to understand the viral pathogenesis and host response and may advance the development of antiviral therapeutics. Here, we found that host factor MxA whose expression is induced by DBV restricts the virus infection. Mechanistically, MxA specifically interacts with the viral NP and blocks the NP-RdRp interaction, inhibiting the viral RNP activity. Further studies identified the key domain and amino acid residue required for MxA inhibition to DBV. Consistently, they were then shown to be important for MxA targeting of NP and obstruction of the NP-RdRp association. These findings unravel the restrictive role of MxA in DBV infection and the underlying mechanism, expanding our knowledge of the virus-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han X, Xu H, Weng Y, Chen R, Xu J, Cao T, Sun R, Shan Y, He F, Fang W, Li X. N pro of classical swine fever virus enhances HMGB1 acetylation and its degradation by lysosomes to evade from HMGB1-mediated antiviral immunity. Virus Res 2024; 339:199280. [PMID: 37995963 PMCID: PMC10709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can dampen the host innate immunity by destabilizing IRF3 upon its binding with viral Npro. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone nuclear protein, has diverse functions, including inflammation, innate immunity, etc., which are closely related to its cellular localization. We investigated potential mutual interactions between CSFV and HMGB1 and their effects on virus replication. We found that HMGB1 at the protein level, but not at mRNA level, was markedly reduced in CSFV-infected or Npro-expressing IPEC-J2 cells. HMGB1 in the nuclear compartment is anti-CSFV by promoting IFN-mediated innate immune response, as evidenced by overexpression of nuclear or cytoplasmic dominant HMGB1 mutant in IPEC-J2 cells stimulated with poly(I:C). However, CSFV Npro upregulates HMGB1 acetylation, a modification that promotes HMGB1 translocation into the cytoplasmic compartment where it is degraded by lysosomes. Ethyl pyruvate could downregulate HMGB1 acetylation and prevent Npro-mediated HMGB1 reduction. Inhibition of deacetylase HDAC1 with MS275 or by RNA silencing could promote Npro-mediated HMGB1 degradation. Taken together, our study elucidates the mechanism with which HMGB1 in the nuclei initiates antiviral innate immune response to suppress CSFV replication and elaborates the pathway by which CSFV uses its Npro to evade from HMGB1-mediated antiviral immunity through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation with subsequent translocation into cytoplasm for lysosomal degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hankun Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yifan Weng
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Renjie Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention & Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fang He
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hoagland DA, Rodríguez-Morales P, Mann AO, Yu S, Lai A, Vazquez AB, Pope SD, Lim J, Li S, Zhang X, Li MO, Medzhitov R, Franklin RA. Macrophages control pathological interferon responses during viral respiratory infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.16.572019. [PMID: 38168230 PMCID: PMC10760173 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.572019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral immune mediators, including interferons and their downstream effectors, are critical for host defense yet can become detrimental when uncontrolled. Here, we identify a macrophage-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanism that limits type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Specifically, we found that cellular stress and pathogen recognition induce Oncostatin M (OSM) production by macrophages. OSM-deficient mice succumbed to challenge with influenza or a viral mimic due to heightened IFN-I activation. Macrophage-derived OSM restricted excessive IFN-I production by lung epithelial cells following viral stimulation. Furthermore, reconstitution of OSM in the respiratory tract was sufficient to protect mice lacking macrophage-derived OSM against morbidity, indicating the importance of local OSM production. This work reveals a host strategy to dampen inflammation in the lung through the negative regulation of IFN-I by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alicia Lai
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott D. Pope
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Current affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University; Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming O. Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth A. Franklin
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University; Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Layish B, Goli R, Flick H, Huang SW, Zhang RZ, Kvaratskhelia M, Kane M. Virus specificity and nucleoporin requirements for MX2 activity are affected by GTPase function and capsid-CypA interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.567336. [PMID: 38014352 PMCID: PMC10680775 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MXB) is an interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection by preventing nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex. The HIV-1 capsid (CA) is the major viral determinant for sensitivity to MX2, and complex interactions between MX2, CA, nucleoporins (Nups), cyclophilin A (CypA), and other cellular proteins influence the outcome of viral infection. To explore the interactions between MX2, the viral CA, and CypA, we utilized a CRISPR-Cas9/AAV approach to generate CypA knock-out cell lines as well as cells that express CypA from its endogenous locus, but with specific point mutations that would abrogate CA binding but should not affect enzymatic activity or cellular function. We found that infection of CypA knock-out and point mutant cell lines with wild-type HIV-1 and CA mutants recapitulated the phenotypes observed upon cyclosporine A (CsA) addition, indicating that effects of CsA treatment are the direct result of blocking CA-CypA interactions and are therefore independent from potential interactions between CypA and MX2 or other cellular proteins. Notably, abrogation of GTP hydrolysis by MX2 conferred enhanced antiviral activity when CA-CypA interactions were abolished, and this effect was not mediated by the CA-binding residues in the GTPase domain, or by phosphorylation of MX2 at position T151. We additionally found that elimination of GTPase activity also altered the Nup requirements for MX2 activity. Our data demonstrate that the antiviral activity of MX2 is affected by CypA-CA interactions in a virus-specific and GTPase activity-dependent manner. These findings further highlight the importance of the GTPase domain of MX2 in regulation of substrate specificity and interaction with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Layish
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Ram Goli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Haley Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert Z Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Melissa Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schoen A, Hölzer M, Müller MA, Wallerang KB, Drosten C, Marz M, Lamp B, Weber F. Functional comparisons of the virus sensor RIG-I from humans, the microbat Myotis daubentonii, and the megabat Rousettus aegyptiacus, and their response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0020523. [PMID: 37728614 PMCID: PMC10653997 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00205-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A common hypothesis holds that bats (order Chiroptera) are outstanding reservoirs for zoonotic viruses because of a special antiviral interferon (IFN) system. However, functional studies about key components of the bat IFN system are rare. RIG-I is a cellular sensor for viral RNA signatures that activates the antiviral signaling chain to induce IFN. We cloned and functionally characterized RIG-I genes from two species of the suborders Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera. The bat RIG-Is were conserved in their sequence and domain organization, and similar to human RIG-I in (i) mediating virus- and IFN-activated gene expression, (ii) antiviral signaling, (iii) temperature dependence, and (iv) recognition of RNA ligands. Moreover, RIG-I of Rousettus aegyptiacus (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) and of humans were found to recognize SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, members of both bat suborders encode RIG-Is that are comparable to their human counterpart. The ability of bats to harbor zoonotic viruses therefore seems due to other features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schoen
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Giessen and Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai B. Wallerang
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Giessen and Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lamp
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Giessen and Charité, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie G, Shan L, Yang C, Liu Y, Pang X, Teng S, Wu TC, Gu X. Recombinant immunotoxin induces tumor intrinsic STING signaling against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18476. [PMID: 37898690 PMCID: PMC10613212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is known to activate type I interferons (IFN-I) and participate in generating antitumor immunity. We previously produced hDT806, a recombinant diphtheria immunotoxin, and demonstrated its efficacy against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, it's unknown whether the tumor-intrinsic STING plays a role in the anti-HNSCC effects of hDT806. In this study, we investigated the innate immune modulation of hDT806 on HNSCC. hDT806 significantly upregulated the level of STING and the ratio of p-TBK1/TBK1 in the HNSCC cells. Moreover, intratumoral hDT806 treatment increased the expression of STING-IFN-I signaling proteins including IFNA1, IFNB, CXCL10 and MX1, a marker of IFN-I receptor activity, in the HNSCC xenografts. Overexpression of STING mimicked the hDT806-induced upregulation of the STING-IFN-I signaling and induced apoptosis in the HNSCC cells. In the mouse xenograft models of HNSCC with STING overexpression, we observed a significant suppression of tumor growth and reduced tumor weight with increased apoptosis compared to their control xenograft counterparts without STING overexpression. Collectively, our data revealed that hDT806 may act as a stimulator of tumor-intrinsic STING-IFN-I signaling to inhibit tumor growth in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Xie
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University, 600 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
- Cancer Center, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Liang Shan
- Cancer Center, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Cuicui Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University, 600 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
- Cancer Center, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Yuanyi Liu
- Angimmune LLC, Rockville, MD, 20855, USA
| | - Xiaowu Pang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University, 600 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Shaolei Teng
- Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College St. NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Pathology, Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xinbin Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University, 600 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
- Cancer Center, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. An Update in Knowledge of Pigs as the Source of Zoonotic Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3281. [PMID: 37894005 PMCID: PMC10603695 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The available data indicate that the human world population will constantly grow in the subsequent decades. This constant increase in the number of people on the Earth will lead to growth in food demand, especially in food of high nutritional value. Therefore, it is expected that the world livestock population will also increase. Such a phenomenon enhances the risk of transmitting pathogens to humans. As pig production is one of the most significant branches of the world's livestock production, zoonoses of porcine origins seem to be of particular importance. Therefore, in this review, we aim to introduce the latest data concerning, among other things, epidemiology and available preventive measures to control the most significant porcine zoonoses of viral, bacterial, and parasitic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qi R, Guan R, Cai S, Xu M, Yang WJ, Wang CC. Comprehensive molecular expression profiling of SARS-CoV-associated factors in the endometrium across the menstrual cycle and elevated susceptibility in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Front Genet 2023; 14:1246725. [PMID: 37854057 PMCID: PMC10579889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1246725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the dynamic expression profiling alterations of SARS-CoV-2-associated molecules within the fertile human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, to explore the inherent vulnerability of the endometrium to SARS-CoV-2 infection among women experiencing recurrent pregnancy failure, including both recurrent implantation failures (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL). Method: The present study employed multiple datasets to investigate the expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2-associated genes. Firstly, a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset comprising endometrial samples from 19 healthy women across the menstrual cycle was utilized. Additionally, two microarray datasets encompassing 24 women with RIF, and 24 women with RPL during the peri-implantation phase were included. To complement these analyses, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on endometrial samples collected from 30 women with RIF, 30 women with RPL, and 20 fertile controls recruited specifically during the implantation period. Results: The investigation revealed a moderate expression percentage of CTSL (22%), TMPRSS4 (15%), FURIN (16%) and MX1 (9%) in endometrium. Conversely, the expression percentages of ACE2 (1%) and TMPRSS2 (4%) were relatively low. Notably, the expression of BSG exhibited an increment towards the window of implantation, reaching its peak during the middle secretary phase. Furthermore, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in TMPRSS2 expression was observed in the RIF group compared to the control group. While the expression of BSG was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the RPL group, findings that were corroborated by the IHC staining results. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a noteworthy upregulation of BSG expression in the endometrium of women with RPL. These results suggest an augmented susceptibility of endometrium to SARS-CoV-2 infection, potentially contributing to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-jui Yang
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gilbertson B, Duncan M, Subbarao K. Role of the viral polymerase during adaptation of influenza A viruses to new hosts. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101363. [PMID: 37672875 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
As a group, influenza-A viruses (IAV) infect a wide range of animal hosts, however, they are constrained to infecting selected host species by species-specific interactions between the host and virus, that are required for efficient replication of the viral RNA genome. When IAV cross the species barrier, they acquire mutations in the viral genome to enable interactions with the new host factors, or to compensate for their loss. The viral polymerase genes polymerase basic 1, polymerase basic 2, and polymerase-acidic are important sites of host adaptation. In this review, we discuss why the viral polymerase is so vital to the process of host adaptation, look at some of the known viral mutations, and host factors involved in adaptation, particularly of avian IAV to mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Duncan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Munir M, Embry A, Doench JG, Heaton NS, Wilen CB, Orchard RC. Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies JADE3 as an antiviral activator of NF-kB. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560128. [PMID: 37808733 PMCID: PMC10557722 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system features a web of interacting pathways that require exquisite regulation. To identify novel nodes in this immune landscape we conducted a gain of function, genome-wide CRISPR activation screen with influenza A virus. We identified both appreciated and novel antiviral genes, including JADE3 a protein involved in directing the histone acetyltransferase HBO1 complex to modify chromatin and regulate transcription. JADE3 is both necessary and sufficient to restrict influenza A virus infection. Interestingly, expression of the closely related paralogues JADE1 and JADE2 are unable to restrict influenza A virus infection, suggesting a distinct function of JADE3. We identify both shared and unique transcriptional signatures between uninfected cells expressing JADE3 and JADE2. These data provide a framework for understanding the overlapping and distinct functions of the JADE family of paralogues. Specifically, we find that JADE3 expression activates the NF-kB signaling pathway, consistent with an antiviral function. Therefore, we propose JADE3, but not JADE1 or JADE2, activates an antiviral genetic program involving the NF-kB pathway to restrict influenza A virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moiz Munir
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Embry
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John G. Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert C. Orchard
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Panahipour L, Botta S, Abbasabadi AO, Afradi Z, Gruber R. Enamel Matrix Derivative Suppresses Chemokine Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13991. [PMID: 37762294 PMCID: PMC10530986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells in periodontitis patients increasingly express chemokines, suggesting their active involvement in the inflammatory process. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an extract of porcine fetal tooth germs clinically applied to support the regrowth of periodontal tissues. Periodontal regeneration might benefit from the potential anti-inflammatory activity of EMD for epithelial cells. Our aim was, therefore, to set up a bioassay where chemokine expression is initiated in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cell line and then test EMD for its capacity to lower the inflammatory response. To establish the bioassay, HSC2 cells being exposed to TNFα and LPS from E. coli (Escherichia coli) or P. gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were subjected to RNAseq. Here, TNFα but not LPS caused a robust increase of chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL5, and CCL20 in HSC2 cells. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of the respective chemokines in cells exposed to TNFα and IL-1β. Under these conditions, EMD reduced the expression of all chemokines at the transcriptional level and CXCL8 by immunoassay. The TGF-β receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542 reversed the anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, EMD-activated TGF-β-canonical signaling was visualized by phosphorylation of smad3 and nuclear translocation of smad2/3 in HSC2 cells and blocked by SB431542. This observation was confirmed with primary oral epithelial cells where EMD significantly lowered the SB431542-dependent expression of CXCL8. In summary, our findings suggest that TGF-β signaling mediates the effects of EMD to lower the forced expression of chemokines in oral epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Sara Botta
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zohreh Afradi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.B.); (A.O.A.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang L, Xue Z, Wang J, Jian Y, Lu H, Ma H, Wang S, Zeng W, Zhang T. Targeted knockout of Mx in the DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line impairs immune response against Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102855. [PMID: 37390546 PMCID: PMC10331481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an RNA virus taking poultry as the host, and the Newcastle disease (ND) caused by NDV is one of the diseases with serious damage to the health of poultry. Mx encoding by myxovirus resistance gene, induced by type I interferon (IFN), has a wide range of antiviral and GTPase activities in human, mice, and other species via inhibition virus replication. However, the antiviral ability of chicken Mx is still a controversial issue. To explore the effect of chicken Mx post-NDV infection, Mx-knockout DF-1 cells were constructed via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The number of copies of NDV was detected by RT-qPCR, and the mRNA expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, TNF-α, p21, p27, and Bak in DF-1 cells were analyzed after NDV infection. Compared with control cells, virus titers were much higher in Mx-knockout DF-1 cells post-NDV infection. The deficiency of Mx aggravated the cell pathological features post-NDV infection, and promoted the expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in host cells. In addition, cells with Mx deficiency could alleviate the harm from virus by enhancing the expression of p21, p27, and Bak, which related to cell proliferation apoptosis. In conclusion, Mx played an important role in antivirus invasion. In the absence of Mx, cells could alleviate the harm from virus infection via retarding cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yuwen Jian
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ciminski K, Chase G, Schwemmle M, Beer M. Advocating a watch-and-prepare approach with avian influenza. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1603-1605. [PMID: 37644326 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Geoffrey Chase
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Röttgen V, Tümmler LM, Koczan D, Rebl A, Kuhla B, Vanselow J, Baufeld A. Early milk-feeding regimes in calves exert long-term effects on the development of ovarian granulosa cells. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:485. [PMID: 37626314 PMCID: PMC10464335 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has not only an impact on the general wellbeing of an animal but can also affect reproductive processes. In cattle, feeding regimes can influence the age of puberty onset and alter gonadal development. We analyzed effects of different milk replacer (MR) feeding regimes during rearing on ovarian physiology with specific emphasis on the numbers as well as gene expression characteristics of granulosa cells (GCs) at the age of puberty onset. Two groups of calves received either 10% or 20% of bodyweight MR per day during their first 8 weeks. After weaning, both groups were fed the same mixed ration ad libitum until slaughter at 8 months. RESULTS Animals of the 20% feeding group had a significantly higher body weight, but the proportion of animals having a corpus luteum at the time of slaughter was not different between groups, suggesting a similar onset of puberty. Calves of the 10% group showed a constant GC count regardless of the number of follicles (r = 0.23) whereas in the 20% group increasing numbers of GCs were detected with a higher follicle count (r = 0.71). As a first effort to find a possible molecular explanation for this unexpected limitation of GC numbers in the 10% group, we comparatively analyzed GC transcriptomes in both diet groups. The mRNA microarray analysis revealed a total of 557 differentially expressed genes comparing both groups (fold change > |1.5| and p < 0.05). OAS1X, MX2 and OAS1Z were among the top downregulated genes in the 20% vs. the 10% group, whereas top upregulated genes comprised BOLA and XCL1. All of these genes are known to be regulated by interferon. Subsequent signaling pathway analysis revealed the involvement of several immune response mechanisms in accordance with a number of interferons as upstream regulators. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the plane of MR feeding in early life has an impact on the number and physiology of GCs later in life. This might influence the overall reproductive life initiated by the onset of puberty in cattle. In addition, the observed alterations in GCs of calves fed less MR might be a consequence of interferon regulated immunological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Röttgen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maria Tümmler
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute for Immunology, University of Rostock, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anja Baufeld
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
da Fonseca GC, Cavalcante LTF, Brustolini OJ, Luz PM, Pires DC, Jalil EM, Peixoto EM, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Nazer S, Costa CAM, Villela DAM, Goedert GT, Santos CVBD, Rodrigues NCP, do Couto Motta F, Siqueira MM, Coelho LE, Struchiner CJ, Vasconcelos ATR. Differential Type-I Interferon Response in Buffy Coat Transcriptome of Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Gamma and Delta Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13146. [PMID: 37685953 PMCID: PMC10487928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens such as the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The type I-interferon (IFN) response activation during the initial steps of infection is essential to prevent viral replication and tissue damage. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can inhibit this activation, and individuals with a dysregulated IFN-I response are more likely to develop severe disease. Several mutations in different variants of SARS-CoV-2 have shown the potential to interfere with the immune system. Here, we evaluated the buffy coat transcriptome of individuals infected with Gamma or Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The Delta transcriptome presents more genes enriched in the innate immune response and Gamma in the adaptive immune response. Interactome and enriched promoter analysis showed that Delta could activate the INF-I response more effectively than Gamma. Two mutations in the N protein and one in the nsp6 protein found exclusively in Gamma have already been described as inhibitors of the interferon response pathway. This indicates that the Gamma variant evolved to evade the IFN-I response. Accordingly, in this work, we showed one of the mechanisms that variants of SARS-CoV-2 can use to avoid or interfere with the host Immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C. da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25651-076, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (L.T.F.C.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Liliane T. F. Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25651-076, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (L.T.F.C.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Otávio J. Brustolini
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25651-076, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (L.T.F.C.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Paula M. Luz
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Debora C. Pires
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Emilia M. Jalil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Peixoto
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Valdilea G. Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Sandro Nazer
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Carlos A. M. Costa
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (C.A.M.C.); (N.C.P.R.)
| | - Daniel A. M. Villela
- Programa de Computação Científica (PROCC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme T. Goedert
- Escola de Matemática Aplicada (EMAp), Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro 22250-900, Brazil;
| | - Cleber V. B. D. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro (IMS), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Nadia C. P. Rodrigues
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil; (C.A.M.C.); (N.C.P.R.)
- Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro (IMS), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Lara E. Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (P.M.L.); (D.C.P.); (E.M.J.); (E.M.P.); (B.G.); (V.G.V.); (S.N.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Claudio J. Struchiner
- Escola de Matemática Aplicada (EMAp), Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro 22250-900, Brazil;
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.d.C.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25651-076, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (L.T.F.C.); (O.J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bendl E, Fuchs J, Kochs G. Bourbon virus, a newly discovered zoonotic thogotovirus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37643129 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of Bourbon virus (BRBV) put a new focus on the genus of thogotoviruses as zoonotic, tick-transmitted pathogens within the orthomyxovirus family. Since 2014, BRBV has been linked to several human cases in the Midwest United States with severe acute febrile illness and a history of tick bites. The detection of the virus in the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and a high sero-prevalence in wild animals suggest widespread circulation of BRBV. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral RNA genome classified BRBV into the subgroup of Dhori-like thogotoviruses. Strikingly, BRBV is apathogenic in mice, contrasting not only with the fatal disease in affected patients but also with the severe disease in mice caused by other members of the thogotovirus genus. To gain insights into this intriguing discrepancy, we will review the molecular biology and pathology of BRBV and its unique position within the thogotovirus genus. Lastly, we will discuss the zoonotic threat posed by this newly discovered pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Bendl
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Graf L, Staeheli P. A human protein that holds bird flu viruses at bay. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-01942-w. [PMID: 37380833 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
|
40
|
Yang S, Shen W, Hu J, Cai S, Zhang C, Jin S, Guan X, Wu J, Wu Y, Cui J. Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of liquid-liquid phase separation during antiviral immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162211. [PMID: 37251408 PMCID: PMC10210139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal separation of cellular components is vital to ensure biochemical processes. Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei play a major role in isolating intracellular components, while membraneless organelles (MLOs) are accumulatively uncovered via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to mediate cellular spatiotemporal organization. MLOs orchestrate various key cellular processes, including protein localization, supramolecular assembly, gene expression, and signal transduction. During viral infection, LLPS not only participates in viral replication but also contributes to host antiviral immune responses. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the roles of LLPS in virus infection may open up new avenues for treating viral infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on the antiviral defense mechanisms of LLPS in innate immunity and discuss the involvement of LLPS during viral replication and immune evasion escape, as well as the strategy of targeting LLPS to treat viral infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weishan Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Betancor G. You Shall Not Pass: MX2 Proteins Are Versatile Viral Inhibitors. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050930. [PMID: 37243034 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance (MX) proteins are pivotal players in the innate immune response to viral infections. Less than 10 years ago, three independent groups simultaneously showed that human MX2 is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) activity. Thenceforth, multiple research works have been published highlighting the ability of MX2 to inhibit RNA and DNA viruses. These growing bodies of evidence have identified some of the key determinants regulating its antiviral activity. Therefore, the importance of the protein amino-terminal domain, the oligomerization state, or the ability to interact with viral components is now well recognized. Nonetheless, there are still several unknown aspects of MX2 antiviral activity asking for further research, such as the role of cellular localization or the effect of post-translational modifications. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of our current knowledge on the molecular determinants governing the antiviral activity of this versatile ISG, using human MX2 and HIV-1 inhibition as a reference, but drawing parallelisms and noting divergent mechanisms with other proteins and viruses when necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Betancor
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guo J, Huang W, Zhao X, Ji N, Chen K, Shi Y, Feng J, Zou J, Wang J. The expanded ISG12 family in zebrafish: ISG12.1 suppresses virus replication via targeting viral phosphoprotein. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104672. [PMID: 36822549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) play important roles in restricting the replication of viruses. However, the functions of many ISGs have not been investigated in fish. In this study, eight isg12 homologs (termed isg12.1-8) were identified in zebrafish and all contain a typical ISG12 family domain rich of hydrophobic amino acid residues. Isg12.1-7 were significantly induced in the ZF4 cells by poly(I:C) and IFNφ1, and in the kidney and spleen after infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In the EPC cells, overexpression of isg12.1 inhibited SVCV replication. Further, it was found that zebrafish ISG12.1 interacted with SVCV phosphoprotein (SVCV-P) and promoted SVCV-P degradation which could be attenuated by 3-MA and CQ (autophagy inhibitors). Our results indicate that zebrafish ISG12.1 restricts viral replication by targeting viral phosphoprotein for degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Su HC, Jing H, Zhang Y, Casanova JL. Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:561-585. [PMID: 37126418 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons. They are also congruent with cellular studies and mouse models that found that type I interferons can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo, while their absence or diminution unleashes viral growth. Collectively, these findings point to insufficient type I interferon during the first days of infection as a general mechanism underlying critical COVID-19 pneumonia, with implications for treatment and directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Huie Jing
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Popescu RG, Marinescu GC, Rădulescu AL, Marin DE, Țăranu I, Dinischiotu A. Natural Antioxidant By-Product Mixture Counteracts the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A Exposure of Piglets after Weaning: A Proteomic Survey on Liver Microsomal Fraction. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040299. [PMID: 37104237 PMCID: PMC10143337 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by certain strains of fungi that can contaminate raw feed materials. Once ingested, even in small doses, they cause multiple health issues for animals and, downstream, for people consuming meat. It was proposed that inclusion of antioxidant-rich plant-derived feed might diminish the harmful effects of mycotoxins, maintaining the farm animals' health and meat quality for human consumption. This work investigates the large scale proteomic effects on piglets' liver of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A mycotoxins and the potential compensatory effects of grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal administration as dietary byproduct antioxidants against mycotoxins' damage. Forty cross-bred TOPIGS-40 hybrid piglets after weaning were assigned to three (n = 10) experimental groups (A, M, AM) and one control group (C) and fed with experimental diets for 30 days. After 4 weeks, liver samples were collected, and the microsomal fraction was isolated. Unbiased label-free, library-free, data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry SWATH methods were able to relatively quantify 1878 proteins from piglets' liver microsomes, confirming previously reported effects on metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, TCA cycle, glutathione synthesis and use, and oxidative phosphorylation. Pathways enrichment revealed that fatty acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, regulation of gene expression by spliceosomes, membrane trafficking, peroxisome, thermogenesis, retinol, pyruvate, and amino acids metabolism pathways are also affected by the mycotoxins. Antioxidants restored expression level of proteins PRDX3, AGL, PYGL, fatty acids biosynthesis, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, amino acid synthesis pathways, and, partially, OXPHOS mitochondrial subunits. However, excess of antioxidants might cause significant changes in CYP2C301, PPP4R4, COL18A1, UBASH3A, and other proteins expression levels. Future analysis of proteomics data corelated to animals growing performance and meat quality studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roua Gabriela Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Independent Research Association, Timisului No. 58, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Cătălin Marinescu
- Independent Research Association, Timisului No. 58, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
- Blue Screen SRL, Timisului No. 58, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Luminița Rădulescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015 Balotesti, Romania
| | - Ionelia Țăranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015 Balotesti, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang Q, Liang X, Ning Y, Liu S, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Cao J, Wang F, Lan L, Cheng G, Huang Y, Huang Y, Qin Q, Zhou S. Surface display of major capsid protein on Bacillus subtilis spores against largemouth bass virus (LMBV) for oral administration. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108627. [PMID: 36921880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) infections resulting in enormous loss are becoming an increasing problem in the largemouth bass industry. Oral vaccination is considered to be an effective and economical measure because of the advantages of non-invasion, no size limitation, lower cost and easily-operated. Based on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, this study successfully constructed the CotC-LMBV recombinant B. subtilis spores and its protective efficacy and immune responses were evaluated. After challenged, the survival rate of largemouth bass orally vaccinated with CotC-LMBV spores was 53.3% and the relative percent survival (RPS) was 45.0% compared to the PBS group. In addition, the specific IgM level in serum in the CotC-LMBV group was significantly higher than in the control groups. In the spleen, the immune-related genes expression detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) exhibited an increasing trend in different degrees in the CotC-LMBV group, suggesting that innate and adaptive immune responses were activated. This study indicated that oral administration of CotC-LMBV recombinant spores could stimulate an effective immune response and enhance fish immunity against LMBV infection. Therefore, oral vaccination could be an effective approach for the prevention of largemouth bass virus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunshang Ning
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zengjian Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zemiao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingjing Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinqiao Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fubao Wang
- Foshan Nanhai Jieda Feed Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Lingfeng Lan
- Foshan Nanhai Jieda Feed Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528200, China
| | | | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Huang
- ZhongShan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Morehouse BR. Phage defense origin of animal immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102295. [PMID: 37011504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. Many of the features of eukaryotic innate immunity have long been viewed as lineage-specific innovations, evolved to deal with the challenges and peculiarities of multicellular life. However, it has become increasingly apparent that in addition to evolving their own unique antiviral immune strategies, all lifeforms have some shared defense strategies in common. Indeed, critical fixtures of animal innate immunity bear striking resemblance in both structure and function to the multitude of diverse bacteriophage (phage) defense pathways discovered hidden in plain sight within the genomes of bacteria and archaea. This review will highlight many surprising examples of the recently revealed connections between prokaryotic and eukaryotic antiviral immune systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bierwagen J, Wiegand M, Laakmann K, Danov O, Limburg H, Herbel SM, Heimerl T, Dorna J, Jonigk D, Preußer C, Bertrams W, Braun A, Sewald K, Schulte LN, Bauer S, Pogge von Strandmann E, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Schmeck B, Jung AL. Bacterial vesicles block viral replication in macrophages via TLR4-TRIF-axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:65. [PMID: 36978183 PMCID: PMC10045439 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete nano-sized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are important mediators of communication and pathogenesis. OMV uptake by host cells activates TLR signalling via transported PAMPs. As important resident immune cells, alveolar macrophages are located at the air-tissue interface where they comprise the first line of defence against inhaled microorganisms and particles. To date, little is known about the interplay between alveolar macrophages and OMVs from pathogenic bacteria. The immune response to OMVs and underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we investigated the response of primary human macrophages to bacterial vesicles (Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and observed comparable NF-κB activation across all tested vesicles. In contrast, we describe differential type I IFN signalling with prolonged STAT1 phosphorylation and strong Mx1 induction, blocking influenza A virus replication only for Klebsiella, E.coli and Salmonella OMVs. OMV-induced antiviral effects were less pronounced for endotoxin-free Clear coli OMVs and Polymyxin-treated OMVs. LPS stimulation could not mimic this antiviral status, while TRIF knockout abrogated it. Importantly, supernatant from OMV-treated macrophages induced an antiviral response in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), suggesting OMV-induced intercellular communication. Finally, results were validated in an ex vivo infection model with primary human lung tissue. In conclusion, Klebsiella, E.coli and Salmonella OMVs induce antiviral immunity in macrophages via TLR4-TRIF-signaling to reduce viral replication in macrophages, AECs and lung tissue. These gram-negative bacteria induce antiviral immunity in the lung through OMVs, with a potential decisive and tremendous impact on bacterial and viral coinfection outcome. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Bierwagen
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Wiegand
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Laakmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olga Danov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannah Limburg
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Muriel Herbel
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Dorna
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Preußer
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Antiviral Activity of Equine Mx1 against Thogoto Virus Is Determined by the Molecular Structure of Its Viral Specificity Region. J Virol 2023; 97:e0193822. [PMID: 36749070 PMCID: PMC9972912 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01938-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are interferon-induced, large dynamin-like GTPases with a broad antiviral spectrum. Here, we analyzed the antiviral activity of selected mammalian Mx1 proteins against Thogoto virus (THOV). Of those, equine Mx1 (eqMx1) showed antiviral activity comparable to that of the human MX1 gene product, designated huMxA, whereas most Mx1 proteins were antivirally inactive. We previously demonstrated that the flexible loop L4 protruding from the stalk domain of huMxA, and especially the phenylalanine at position 561 (F561), determines its antiviral specificity against THOV (P. S. Mitchell, C. Patzina, M. Emerman, O. Haller, et al., Cell Host Microbe 12:598-604, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.005). However, despite the similar antiviral activity against THOV, the loop L4 sequence of eqMx1 substantially differs from the one of huMxA. Mutational analysis of eqMx1 L4 identified a tryptophan (W562) and the adjacent glycine (G563) as critical antiviral determinants against THOV, whereas the neighboring residues could be exchanged for nonpolar alanines without affecting the antiviral activity. Further mutational analyses revealed that a single bulky residue at position 562 and the adjacent tiny residue G563 were sufficient for antiviral activity. Moreover, this minimal set of L4 amino acids transferred anti-THOV activity to the otherwise inactive bovine Mx1 (boMx1) protein. Taken together, our data suggest a fairly simple architecture of the antiviral loop L4 that could serve as a mutational hot spot in an evolutionary arms race between Mx-escaping viral variants and their hosts. IMPORTANCE Most mammals encode two paralogs of the interferon-induced Mx proteins: Mx1, with antiviral activity largely against RNA viruses, like orthomyxoviruses and bunyaviruses; and Mx2, which is antivirally active against HIV-1 and herpesviruses. The human Mx1 protein, also called huMxA, is the best-characterized example of mammalian Mx1 proteins and was recently shown to prevent zoonotic virus transmissions. To evaluate the antiviral activity of other mammalian Mx1 proteins, we used Thogoto virus, a tick-transmitted orthomyxovirus, which is efficiently blocked by huMxA. Interestingly, we detected antiviral activity only with equine Mx1 (eqMx1) but not with other nonprimate Mx1 proteins. Detailed functional analysis of eqMx1 identified amino acid residues in the unstructured loop L4 of the stalk domain critical for antiviral activity. The structural insights of the present study explain the unique position of eqMx1 antiviral activity within the collection of nonhuman mammalian Mx1 proteins.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen J, Hu JH, Sun RC, Li XH, Zhou J, Zhou B. Porcine Mx proteins inhibit pseudorabies virus replication through interfering with early gene synthesis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109706. [PMID: 36871523 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an enveloped, linear double-stranded DNA herpesvirus that resulted in huge financial losses to the swine industry. In addition to vaccination, the development of antiviral molecules is also a beneficial supplement to the control of Pseudorabies (PR). Although our previous studies have shown that porcine Mx protein (poMx1/2) significantly inhibited the proliferation of RNA virus, it was unknown whether poMx1/2 could inhibit porcine DNA virus, such as PRV. In this study, it was investigated the inhibitory effect of porcine Mx1/2 protein on PRV multiplication. The results showed that both poMx1 and poMx2 had anti-PRV activities, which required GTPase ability and stable oligomerization. Interestingly, the two GTPase deficient mutants (G52Q and T148A) of poMx2 also had the antiviral ability against PRV, which was consistent with previous reports, indicating that these mutants recognized and blocked the viral targets. Mechanistically, the antiviral restriction of poMx1/2 came from their inhibition of the early gene synthesis of PRV. Our results for the first time shed light on the antiviral activities of two poMx proteins against DNA virus. The data from this study provide further insights to develop new strategies for preventing and controlling the diseases caused by PRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Huan Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Cong Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang H, Zhang D, Zhang S, Liu H, Wang H, Wang C, Zou D, Hu B, Lian S, Lu S, Bai X. Isolation and characterization of the mink interferon-epsilon gene and its antiviral activity. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:972433. [PMID: 36776547 PMCID: PMC9915148 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and thus plays a central role in the regulation of the immune response. IFN-epsilon (IFN-ε) is a newly discovered type I IFN that does not require viral induction, unlike other type I IFNs. IFN-ε is constitutively expressed in epithelial cells and plays an important role in mucosal immunity. In this study, we evaluated the biological activity of the mink-IFN (MiIFN)-ε gene in prokaryotic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate IFN-ε expression in different mink tissues. MiIFN-ε was highly expressed in brain, lung, tracheal, kidney, intestinal, bladder, ovarian, and testis tissues. There was no significant difference in MiIFN-ε expression between female and male minks, except in the reproductive system. Expression of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO3)-MiIFN-ε fusion gene was induced by isopropylβ-d-thiogalactoside, and MiIFN-ε was collected after SUMO-specific protease digestion. We tested the antiviral activity of MiIFN-ε against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in epithelial cells of feline kidney 81 (F81). We used qRT-PCR to analyze the expression of several IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including ISG15, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS1), and myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1). Recombinant IFN-ε induced high ISG expression in F81 cells. Compared with those in the cell control group, expressions of ISG15, Mx1, and 2'-5' OAS1 in the VSV-GFP control, IFN-ε, and MiIFN-ε-inhibited VSV-GFP groups were significantly increased. Compared with those in the VSV-GFP control group, expressions of ISG15 and 2'-5' OAS1 in the IFN-ε and MiIFN-ε-inhibited VSV-GFP groups were significantly increased, and the differences were highly significant (p < 0.0001). IFN-ε played an indirect antiviral role. These findings lay the foundation for detailed investigation of IFN-ε in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Deying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xue Bai
| |
Collapse
|