1
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Stefani O, Schöllhorn I, Münch M. Towards an evidence-based integrative lighting score: a proposed multi-level approach. Ann Med 2024; 56:2381220. [PMID: 39049780 PMCID: PMC11275531 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2381220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Human circadian clocks are synchronized daily with the external light-dark cycle and entrained to the 24-hour day. There is increasing evidence that a lack of synchronization and circadian entrainment can lead to adverse health effects. Beyond vision, light plays a critical role in modulating many so-called non-visual functions, including sleep-wake cycles, alertness, mood and endocrine functions. To assess (and potentially optimize) the impact of light on non-visual functions, it is necessary to know the exact 'dose' (i.e. spectral irradiance and exposure duration at eye level) of 24-hour light exposures, but also to include metadata about the lighting environment, individual needs and resources. Problem statement: To address this problem, a new assessment tool is needed that uses existing metrics to provide metadata and information about light quality and quantity from all sources. In this commentary, we discuss the need to develop an evidence-based integrative lighting score that is tailored to specific audiences and lighting environments. We will summarize the most compelling evidence from the literature and outline a future plan for developing such a lighting score using internationally accepted metrics, stakeholder and user feedback. Conclusion: We propose a weighting system that combines light qualities with physiological and behavioral effects, and the use of mathematical modelling for an output score. Such a scoring system will facilitate a holistic assessment of a lighting environment, integrating all available light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stefani
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Li Y, Fang W, Qiu H, Yu H, Dong W, Sun Z. Diurnal biological effects of correlated colour temperature and its exposure timing on alertness, cognition, and mood in an enclosed environment. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 119:104304. [PMID: 38718532 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Artificial lighting, which profits from the non-visual effects of light, is a potentially promising solution to support residents' psychophysiological health and performance at specific times of the day in enclosed environments. However, few studies have investigated the non-visual effects of daytime correlated colour temperature (CCT) and its exposure timing on human alertness, cognition, and mood. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown. The current study evaluated the effects of daytime CCT and its exposure timing on markers of subjective experience, cognitive performance, and cerebral activity in a simulated enclosed environment. Forty-two participants participated a single-blind laboratory study with a 4 within (CCT: 4000 K vs. 6500 K vs. 8500 K vs. 12,000 K) × 2 between (exposure timing: morning vs. afternoon) mixed design. The results showed time of the day dependent benefits of the daytime CCT on subjective experience, vigilant attention, response inhibition, working memory, emotional perception, and risk decisions. The results of the electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed that lower-frequency EEG bands, including theta, alpha, and alpha-theta, were quite sensitive to daytime CCT intervention, which provides a valuable reference for trying to establish the underlying mechanisms that support the performance-enhancement effects of exposure to CCT in the daytime. However, the results revealed no consistent intervention pattern across these measurements. Therefore, future studies should consider personalised optimisation of daytime CCT for different cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanJie Li
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - WeiNing Fang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - HanZhao Qiu
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China.
| | - WenLi Dong
- School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
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3
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Lalande P, Hébert M, Lalonde JF, Espinoza-Sanhueza C, Demers CMH. Imagery dataset of interior and exterior northern architectural spaces for photobiological lighting analyses. Data Brief 2024; 55:110658. [PMID: 39049970 PMCID: PMC11268111 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper details an imagery dataset of interior and exterior ambiances to assess and represent photobiological outcomes of the built environment in northern territories. The images were obtained using a Raspberry Pi Camera Module (RPiCM) mounted in a holder that fixes the camera in place. This holder allows to rotate the camera by 30° and take 12 high dynamic range (HDR) images which are then combined to create a panoramic image. The HDR images enable the calculation of photobiological effects concerning photopic light intensity for vision, and the spectral dominance regarding vision and circadian stimulation. This dataset includes 13 captures in 7 interior and 6 exterior settings, each divided into 4 subfolders containing the photographic data: the sequence of low-dynamic range images (LDR), the tone-mapped images obtained from the HDR calculation, the analysis of photopic luminance and false color, and 360° panoramic images (tone-mapped HDR, false color luminance, and spectral dominance). Each space is also supplemented with photometric data presented as a .csv file containing lux and EML units obtained via a radiometer. This dataset is valuable for architects, designers, and neuroscientists to identify opportunities for enhancing human-centric lighting in existing architecture and landscape, as well as to propose solutions that promote vision and circadian stimulation in northern territories. This research was partially used in previous studies from [10]. The dataset is published and shared through a Mendeley repository [9].
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lalande
- GRAP Groupe de Recherche en Ambiances Physiques, School of Architecture, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Hébert
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lalonde
- Computer Vision and Systems Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina Espinoza-Sanhueza
- GRAP Groupe de Recherche en Ambiances Physiques, School of Architecture, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude MH Demers
- GRAP Groupe de Recherche en Ambiances Physiques, School of Architecture, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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4
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Lucas RJ, Peirson SN. Practical Advice on Measuring and Applying Light for Laboratory Mammals. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:323-330. [PMID: 39086225 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241259514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Light is recognized as an important component of the environment for laboratory animals. It supports vision, sets the phase of circadian clocks, and drives wide-ranging adjustments in physiological and behavioral state. Manipulating light is meanwhile a key experimental approach in the fields of vision science and chronobiology. Nevertheless, until recently, there has been no consensus on methods for quantifying light as experienced by laboratory animals. Widely adopted practices employ metrics such as illuminance (units = lux) that are designed to quantify light as experienced by human observers. These weight energy across the spectrum according to a spectral sensitivity profile for human vision that is not widely replicated for non-human species. Recently, a Consensus View was published that proposes methods of light measurement and standardization that take account of these species-specific differences in wavelength sensitivity. Here, we draw upon the contents of that consensus to provide simplified advice on light measurement in laboratory mammal experimentation and husbandry and quantitative guidance on what constitutes appropriate lighting for both visual and circadian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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He M, Chen H, Li S, Ru T, Chen Q, Zhou G. Evening prolonged relatively low melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance light exposure increases arousal before and during sleep without altering sleep structure. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14113. [PMID: 38097530 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Light can influence many psychophysiological functions beyond vision, including alertness, circadian rhythm, and sleep, namely the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light. Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI) is currently recommended as the predictor of the NIF effects of light. Although light dose is also critical for entraining and regulating circadian cycle, it is still unknown whether relatively low mel-EDI light exposure for prolonged duration in the evening would affect pre-sleep arousal and subsequent sleep. In all, 18 healthy college students (10 females, mean [standard deviation] age 21.67 [2.03] years) underwent 2 experimental nights with a 1 week interval in a simulated bedroom environment. During experimental nights, participants were either exposed to high or low mel-EDI light (73 versus 38 lx mel-EDI, 90 versus 87 photopic lx at eye level, 150 photopic lx at table level) for 3.5 h before regular bedtime, and their sleep was monitored by polysomnography. Subjective sleepiness, mood, and resting-state electroencephalography during light exposure were also investigated. Results showed no significant differences in sleep structure and sleep quality between the two light conditions, whereas 3.5 h of exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light induced marginally higher physiological arousal in terms of a lower delta but higher beta power density before sleep, as well as a lower delta power density during sleep. Moreover, participants felt happier before sleep under exposure to high versus low mel-EDI light. These findings together with the current literature suggest that evening prolonged relatively low mel-EDI light exposure may mildly increase arousal before and during sleep but affected sleep structure less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng He
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Lab of Lighting and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Beckers E, Campbell I, Sharifpour R, Paparella I, Berger A, Aizpurua JFB, Koshmanova E, Mortazavi N, Talwar P, Sherif S, Jacobs HIL, Vandewalle G. Impact of repeated short light exposures on sustained pupil responses in an fMRI environment. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14085. [PMID: 37904313 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Light triggers numerous non-image-forming, or non-visual, biological effects. The brain correlates of these non-image-forming effects have been investigated, notably using magnetic resonance imaging and short light exposures varying in irradiance and spectral quality. However, it is not clear whether non-image-forming responses estimation may be biased by having light in sequential blocks, for example, through a potential carryover effect of one light onto the next. We reasoned that pupil light reflex was an easy readout of one of the non-image-forming effects of light that could be used to address this issue. We characterised the sustained pupil light reflex in 13-16 healthy young individuals under short light exposures during three distinct cognitive processes (executive, emotional and attentional). Light conditions pseudo-randomly alternated between monochromatic orange light (0.16 melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance lux) and polychromatic blue-enriched white light of three different levels (37, 92, 190 melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance lux). As expected, higher melanopic irradiance was associated with larger sustained pupil light reflex in each cognitive domain. This result was stable over the light sequence under higher melanopic irradiance levels compared with lower ones. Exploratory frequency-domain analyses further revealed that sustained pupil light reflex was more variable under lower melanopic irradiance levels. Importantly, sustained pupil light reflex varied across tasks independently of the light condition, pointing to a potential impact of light history and/or cognitive context on sustained pupil light reflex. Together, our results emphasise that the distinct contribution and adaptation of the different retinal photoreceptors influence the non-image-forming effects of light and therefore potentially their brain correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Beckers
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Islay Campbell
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roya Sharifpour
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ilenia Paparella
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Berger
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasrin Mortazavi
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Puneet Talwar
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Longcore T, Villanueva SAMB, Nguyen-Ngo K, Ghiani CA, Harrison B, Colwell CS. Relative importance of intensity and spectrum of artificial light at night in disrupting behavior of a nocturnal rodent. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247235. [PMID: 38873751 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The influence of light spectral properties on circadian rhythms is of substantial interest to laboratory-based investigation of the circadian system and to field-based understanding of the effects of artificial light at night. The trade-offs between intensity and spectrum regarding masking behaviors are largely unknown, even for well-studied organisms. We used a custom LED illumination system to document the response of wild-type house mice (Mus musculus) to 1-h nocturnal exposure of all combinations of four intensity levels (0.01, 0.5, 5 and 50 lx) and three correlated color temperatures (CCT; 1750, 1950 and 3000 K). Higher intensities of light (50 lx) suppressed cage activity substantially, and consistently more for the higher CCT light (91% for 3000 K, 53% for 1750 K). At the lowest intensity (0.01 lx), mean activity was increased, with the greatest increases for the lowest CCT (12.3% increase at 1750 K, 3% increase at 3000 K). Multiple linear regression confirmed the influence of both CCT and intensity on changes in activity, with the scaled effect size of intensity 3.6 times greater than that of CCT. Activity suppression was significantly lower for male than for female mice. Assessment of light-evoked cFos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus at 50 lx showed no significant difference between high and low CCT exposure. The significant differences by spectral composition illustrate a need to account for light spectrum in circadian studies of behavior, and confirm that spectral controls can mitigate some, but certainly not all, of the effects of light pollution on species in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Longcore
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
| | - Sophia Anne Marie B Villanueva
- UCLA Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, 612 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 957246, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyle Nguyen-Ngo
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Benjamin Harrison
- Korrus, Inc., 837 North Spring Street, Suite 103, Los Angeles, CA 90012, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Lai F, Luo Z, Zhang J, Xia W, Tian L. Bright light therapy has a positive effect on sleep quality in patients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101925. [PMID: 38537515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients frequently encounter difficulties associated with suboptimal sleep quality. Bright Light Therapy (BLT), an innovative treatment approach, has shown promise in enhancing sleep quality. However, several literature reviews showed conflicting results, and more analysis should be conducted regarding detailed BLT settings on sleep. This meta-analysis was undertaken to comprehensively assess the impact of BLT on sleep quality among cancer patients. Twelve studies with 679 patients were included. Compared with the control group, BLT overall resulted in significant improvements in terms of sleep quality [g = -0.34], total sleep time [g = 0.24], wake after sleep onset [g = -0.80], and fatigue [g = -0.54]. However, it did not yield a statistically significant effect on sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and insomnia severity. Regarding light settings, interventions featuring light intensities >5000lux, intervention duration ≥4 weeks, spectral emission peak at 464∼465 nm, and using a lightbox demonstrated heightened efficacy in improving sleep. BLT may be considered a supplementary therapeutic option to improve sleep quality among cancer patients. However, more extensive and rigorous studies are necessary to determine the optimal timing of BLT delivery and its applicability to cancer patients across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiyin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wangjie Xia
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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9
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Lazar R, Degen J, Fiechter AS, Monticelli A, Spitschan M. Regulation of pupil size in natural vision across the human lifespan. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:191613. [PMID: 39100191 PMCID: PMC11295891 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Vision is mediated by light passing through the pupil, which changes in diameter from approximately 2 to 8 mm between bright and dark illumination. With age, mean pupil size declines. In laboratory experiments, factors affecting pupil size can be experimentally controlled. How the pupil reflects the change in retinal input from the visual environment under natural viewing conditions is unclear. We address this question in a field experiment (N = 83, 43 female, 18-87 years) using a custom-made wearable video-based eye tracker with a spectroradiometer measuring near-corneal spectral irradiance. Participants moved in and between indoor and outdoor environments varying in spectrum and engaged in a range of everyday tasks. Our data confirm that light-adapted pupil size is determined by light level, with a better model fit of melanopic over photopic units, and that it decreased with increasing age, yielding steeper slopes at lower light levels. We found no indication that sex, iris colour or reported caffeine consumption affects pupil size. Our exploratory results point to a role of photoreceptor integration in controlling steady-state pupil size. The data provide evidence for considering age in personalized lighting solutions and against the use of photopic illuminance alone to assess the impact of real-world lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lazar
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Degen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Sophie Fiechter
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Monticelli
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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10
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Zhu M, Liu Y, Fang D, Li M, Fu T, Yao K, Wang P, Sun X, Xiang Y. Safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for children with myopia. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104198. [PMID: 38729232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUD To investigate the safety of repetitive low-level red-light therapy (RLRLT) in children with myopia. METHODS Children with myopia were assigned to the RLRL and control groups. Axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were followed up at 3-, 6-, and 12-month. To evaluate the safety of RLRLT, at 6 and 12 months in the RLRL group, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and contrast sensitivity were recorded. Furthermore, optical coherence tomography was used to measure the relative reflectance of the ellipsoid zone (rEZR), photoreceptor outer segment (rPOSR), and retinal pigment epithelium (rRPER). RESULTS A total of 108 children completed the trial (55 in the RLRL group and 53 in the control group). After 3, 6, and 12 months, AL was shorter and SER less myopic in the RLRL group than in the control group. Regarding the safety of the RLRLT, the response density and amplitude of the P1 wave of the first ring of the mfERG increased significantly at 6 months (P = 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). At 6 and 12 months, contrast sensitivity at the high spatial frequency increased. Moreover, the rEZR increased significantly at 6 months (P = 0.029), the rPOSR increased significantly at 6 and 12 months (both P < 0.001), and the increase in rPOSR was greater with greater AL regression. CONCLUSIONS Based on retinal function and structure follow-up, RLRLT was safe within 12 months. However, rEZR and rPOSR increased, the effects of this phenomenon requires further observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dengqin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - KeJun Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xufang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Gagné V, Turgeon R, Jomphe V, Demers CMH, Hébert M. Evaluation of the effects of blue-enriched white light on cognitive performance, arousal, and overall appreciation of lighting. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1390614. [PMID: 38813427 PMCID: PMC11133540 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Light's non-visual effects on the biological clock, cognitive performance, alertness, and mental health are getting more recognized. These are primarily driven by blue light, which triggers specific retinal cells containing melanopsin. Traditionally, research on light has relied on correlated color temperature (CCT) as a metric of its biological influence, given that bluer light corresponds to higher Kelvin values. However, CCT proves to be an inadequate proxy of light's biological effects. A more precise metric is melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (mel-EDI), which aligns with melanopsin spectrum. Studies have reported positive cognitive impacts of blue-enriched white light. It's unclear if the mixed results are due to different mel-EDI levels since this factor wasn't assessed. Method Given recent recommendations from experts to aim for at least 250 mel-EDI exposure daily for cognitive benefits, our aim was to assess if a 50-minute exposure to LED light with 250 mel-EDI could enhance concentration and alertness, without affecting visual performance or comfort compared to conventional lighting producing around 150 mel-EDI. To ensure mel-EDI's impact, photopic lux levels were kept constant across conditions. Conditions were counterbalanced, parameters included subjective sleepiness (KSS; Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), concentration (d2-R test), visual performance (FrACT; Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test), general appreciation (VAS; Visual Analogous Scale), preferences and comfort (modified OLS; Office Lighting Survey). Results The experimental light significantly reduced sleepiness (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.42) and also decreased contrast sensitivity (p = 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.50). The conventional light was found to be more comfortable (p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.62), cheerful (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.46) and pleasant (p = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.55) while the experimental light was perceived as brighter (p = 0.004, Cohen's d = 0.58) and tended to be more stimulating (p = 0.10). Notably, there was a preference for conventional lighting (p = 0.004, Cohen's d=0.56) and concentration was equally improved in both conditions. Discussion Despite the lack of further improvement in concentration from exposure to blue-enriched light, given the observed benefits in terms of vigilance, further research over an extended period would be justified. These findings could subsequently motivate cognitive optimization through lighting for workers that would benefit from artificial lighting such as in northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagné
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Rose Turgeon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Jomphe
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude M. H. Demers
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
- École d’Architecture, Faculté d’aménagement, d’architecture, d’art et de design, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Hébert
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et Otorhinolaryngologie – Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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12
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Mohammadian N, Didikoglu A, Beach C, Wright P, Mouland JW, Martial FP, Johnson S, van Tongeren M, Brown TM, Lucas RJ, Casson AJ. A Wrist-Worn Internet of Things Sensor Node for Wearable Equivalent Daylight Illuminance Monitoring. IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2024; 11:16148-16157. [PMID: 38765485 PMCID: PMC11100858 DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2024.3355330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Light exposure is a vital regulator of physiology and behavior in humans. However, monitoring of light exposure is not included in current wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and only recently have international standards defined [Formula: see text] -optic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) measures for how the eye responds to light. This article reports a wearable light sensor node that can be incorporated into the IoT to provide monitoring of EDI exposure in real-world settings. We present the system design, electronic performance testing, and accuracy of EDI measurements when compared to a calibrated spectral source. This includes consideration of the directional response of the sensor, and a comparison of performance when placed on different parts of the body, and a demonstration of practical use over 7 days. Our device operates for 3.5 days between charges, with a sampling period of 30 s. It has 10 channels of measurement, over the range 415-910 nm, balancing accuracy and cost considerations. Measured [Formula: see text]-opic EDI results for 13 devices show a mean absolute error of less than 0.07 log lx, and a minimum between device correlation of 0.99. These findings demonstrate that accurate light sensing is feasible, including at wrist worn locations. We provide an experimental platform for use in future investigations in real-world light exposure monitoring and IoT-based lighting control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammadian
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Christopher Beach
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Paul Wright
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Joshua W. Mouland
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Franck P. Martial
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Sheena Johnson
- People, Management and Organisation Division, Alliance Manchester Business SchoolThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Timothy M. Brown
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Robert J. Lucas
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and the Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterM13 9PLManchesterU.K.
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13
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Choi K, Kim H, Nam SY, Heo CY. Enhancement of skin rejuvenation and hair growth through novel near-infrared light emitting diode (nNIR) lighting: in vitro and in vivo study. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:104. [PMID: 38630175 PMCID: PMC11024053 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact of a novel near-infrared LED (nNIR) with an extended spectrum on skin enhancement and hair growth. Various LED sources, including White and nNIRs, were compared across multiple parameters: cytotoxicity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, skin thickness, collagen synthesis, collagenase expression, and hair follicle growth. Experiments were conducted on human skin cells and animal models. Cytotoxicity, ATP synthesis, and ROS reduction were evaluated in human skin cells exposed to nNIRs and Whites. LED irradiation effects were also studied on a UV-induced photoaging mouse model, analyzing skin thickness, collagen synthesis, and collagenase expression. Hair growth promotion was examined as well. Results revealed both White and nNIR were non-cytotoxic to human skin cells. nNIR enhanced ATP and collagen synthesis while reducing ROS levels, outperforming the commonly used 2chip LEDs. In the UV-induced photoaging mouse model, nNIR irradiation led to reduced skin thickness, increased collagen synthesis, and lowered collagenase expression. Additionally, nNIR irradiation stimulated hair growth, augmented skin thickness, and increased hair follicle count. In conclusion, the study highlighted positive effects of White and nNIR irradiation on skin and hair growth. However, nNIR exhibited superior outcomes compared to White. Its advancements in ATP content, collagen synthesis, collagenase inhibition, and hair growth promotion imply increased ATP synthesis activity. These findings underscore nNIR therapy's potential as an innovative and effective approach for enhancing skin and promoting hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbin Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Koç Ş, Koç AE. Iris color and day-night changes in the sympathovagal ratio. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:191-198. [PMID: 38524167 PMCID: PMC10959899 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Iris melanocytes are innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve endings. Light affects autonomic nervous system activity via the retino-hypothalamic pathway. The hypothesis that the day-to-night variations in the sympatovagal ratio (LF/HF) may differ among individuals with different brown iris patterns was tested. A total of 621 healthy adults, aged between 16 and 50, with brown eyes and not diagnosed with a disease that might affect the autonomous nerve system were included in the study. A digital camera was used to acquire iris photos. Subjects were grouped into iris color groups (2-0 bg, 1-0 bg, 1-1 db, 1-1 lb, 2-0 b, and 1-0 b). Iris photos were analyzed with Picture Color Analyzer RBG software. The Central/Peripheral (R/RGB) ratio was used for objective distinction between the groups. Using 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, the change in the sympathovagal ratio from day (between 07:00 and 23:00 h) to night (between 23:00 and 07:00 h) was determined with the formula [(Day-Night) LF/HF)/Day LF/HF]. The frequency of subjects with a decrease in the LF/HF ratio from day to night was the highest in the 1-1 db group (65.7%), followed by the 1-1 lb group (56.4%). The highest increase was in the 2-0 bg group (76.5%), followed by the 1-0 B group (68.9%) (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of this study, iris color may be a predictive factor in diseases in which the circadian change of autonomic nervous system activity is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahbender Koç
- Ankara Ataturk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslı Enzel Koç
- Ankara Ataturk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Psychiatry, Trabzon Fatih State Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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15
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Barrionuevo PA, Sandoval Salinas ML, Fanchini JM. Are ipRGCs involved in human color vision? Hints from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics. Vision Res 2024; 217:108378. [PMID: 38458004 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Human photoreceptors consist of cones, rods, and melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). First studied in circadian regulation and pupillary control, ipRGCs project to a variety of brain centers suggesting a broader involvement beyond non-visual functions. IpRGC responses are stable, long-lasting, and with a particular codification of photoreceptor signals. In comparison with the transient and adaptive nature of cone and rod signals, ipRGCs' signaling might provide an ecological advantage to different attributes of color vision. Previous studies have indicated melanopsin's influence on visual responses yet its contribution to color perception in humans remains debated. We summarized evidence and hypotheses (from physiology, psychophysics, and natural image statistics) about direct and indirect involvement of ipRGCs in human color vision, by first briefly assessing the current knowledge about the role of melanopsin and ipRGCs in vision and codification of spectral signals. We then approached the question about melanopsin activation eliciting a color percept, discussing studies using the silent substitution method. Finally, we explore various avenues through which ipRGCs might impact color perception indirectly, such as through involvement in peripheral color matching, post-receptoral pathways, color constancy, long-term chromatic adaptation, and chromatic induction. While there is consensus about the role of ipRGCs in brightness perception, confirming its direct contribution to human color perception requires further investigation. We proposed potential approaches for future research, emphasizing the need for empirical validation and methodological thoroughness to elucidate the exact role of ipRGCs in human color vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Barrionuevo
- Allgemeine Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Germany; Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María L Sandoval Salinas
- Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - José M Fanchini
- Instituto de Investigación en Luz, Ambiente y Visión (ILAV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Visión, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina
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16
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Miller S, Cajochen C, Green A, Hanifin J, Huss A, Karipidis K, Loughran S, Oftedal G, O'Hagan J, Sliney DH, Croft R, van Rongen E, Cridland N, d'Inzeo G, Hirata A, Marino C, Röösli M, Watanabe S. ICNIRP Statement on Short Wavelength Light Exposure from Indoor Artificial Sources and Human Health. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:241-248. [PMID: 38381972 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Concerns have been raised about the possibility of effects from exposure to short wavelength light (SWL), defined here as 380-550 nm, on human health. The spectral sensitivity of the human circadian timing system peaks at around 480 nm, much shorter than the peak sensitivity of daytime vision (i.e., 555 nm). Some experimental studies have demonstrated effects on the circadian timing system and on sleep from SWL exposure, especially when SWL exposure occurs in the evening or at night. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has identified a lack of consensus among public health officials regarding whether SWL from artificial sources disrupts circadian rhythm, and if so, whether SWL-disrupted circadian rhythm is associated with adverse health outcomes. Systematic reviews of studies designed to examine the effects of SWL on sleep and human health have shown conflicting results. There are many variables that can affect the outcome of these experimental studies. One of the main problems in earlier studies was the use of photometric quantities as a surrogate for SWL exposure. Additionally, the measurement of ambient light may not be an accurate measure of the amount of light impinging on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which are now known to play a major role in the human circadian timing system. Furthermore, epidemiological studies of long-term effects of chronic SWL exposure per se on human health are lacking. ICNIRP recommends that an analysis of data gaps be performed to delineate the types of studies needed, the parameters that should be addressed, and the methodology that should be applied in future studies so that a decision about the need for exposure guidelines can be made. In the meantime, ICNIRP supports some recommendations for how the quality of future studies might be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cajochen
- ICNIRP SEG and Centre for Chronobiology at the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adele Green
- ICNIRP SEG and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Anke Huss
- ICNIRP and Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS) at Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Karipidis
- ICNIRP and Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Authority (ARPANSA)
| | - Sarah Loughran
- ICNIRP SEG and Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Authority (ARPANSA)
| | - Gunnhild Oftedal
- ICNIRP and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
| | - John O'Hagan
- ICNIRP SEG and Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodney Croft
- ICNIRP and Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmela Marino
- ICNIRP and formerly Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Italy
| | - Martin Röösli
- ICNIRP and Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland
| | - Soichi Watanabe
- ICNIRP and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan
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17
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Mahoney HL, Schmidt TM. The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:159-175. [PMID: 38279030 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ever-present in our environments, light entrains circadian rhythms over long timescales, influencing daily activity patterns, health and performance. Increasing evidence indicates that light also acts independently of the circadian system to directly impact physiology and behaviour, including cognition. Exposure to light stimulates brain areas involved in cognition and appears to improve a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the extent of these effects and their mechanisms are unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as the primary conduit through which light impacts non-image-forming behaviours and are a prime candidate for mediating the direct effects of light on cognition. Here, we review the current state of understanding of these effects in humans and mice, and the tools available to uncover circuit-level and photoreceptor-specific mechanisms. We also address current barriers to progress in this area. Current and future efforts to unravel the circuits through which light influences cognitive functions may inform the tailoring of lighting landscapes to optimize health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Mahoney
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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18
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Dauchy RT, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC, Blask DE. Light: An Extrinsic Factor Influencing Animal-based Research. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2024; 63:116-147. [PMID: 38211974 PMCID: PMC11022951 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors-rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
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Key Words
- blad, blue-enriched led light at daytime
- clock, circadian locomotor output kaput
- cct, correlated color temperature
- cwf, cool white fluorescent
- ign, intergeniculate nucleus
- iprgc, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
- hiomt, hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase
- k, kelvin temperature
- lan, light at night
- led, light-emitting diode
- lgn, lateral geniculate nucleus
- plr, pupillary light reflex
- pot, primary optic tract
- rht, retinohypothalamic tract
- scn, suprachiasmatic nuclei
- spd, spectral power distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;,
| | - John P Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Chrono-Neuroendocrine Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Lucas RJ, Allen AE, Brainard GC, Brown TM, Dauchy RT, Didikoglu A, Do MTH, Gaskill BN, Hattar S, Hawkins P, Hut RA, McDowell RJ, Nelson RJ, Prins JB, Schmidt TM, Takahashi JS, Verma V, Voikar V, Wells S, Peirson SN. Recommendations for measuring and standardizing light for laboratory mammals to improve welfare and reproducibility in animal research. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002535. [PMID: 38470868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Light enables vision and exerts widespread effects on physiology and behavior, including regulating circadian rhythms, sleep, hormone synthesis, affective state, and cognitive processes. Appropriate lighting in animal facilities may support welfare and ensure that animals enter experiments in an appropriate physiological and behavioral state. Furthermore, proper consideration of light during experimentation is important both when it is explicitly employed as an independent variable and as a general feature of the environment. This Consensus View discusses metrics to use for the quantification of light appropriate for nonhuman mammals and their application to improve animal welfare and the quality of animal research. It provides methods for measuring these metrics, practical guidance for their implementation in husbandry and experimentation, and quantitative guidance on appropriate light exposure for laboratory mammals. The guidance provided has the potential to improve data quality and contribute to reduction and refinement, helping to ensure more ethical animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annette E Allen
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - George C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy M Brown
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Altug Didikoglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Michael Tri H Do
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brianna N Gaskill
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samer Hattar
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, John Edward Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J McDowell
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jan-Bas Prins
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vandana Verma
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Vootele Voikar
- Laboratory Animal Center and Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Reyes N, Huang JJ, Choudhury A, Pondelis N, Locatelli EVT, Hollinger R, Felix ER, Pattany PM, Galor A, Moulton EA. FL-41 Tint Reduces Activation of Neural Pathways of Photophobia in Patients with Chronic Ocular Pain. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 259:172-184. [PMID: 38101593 PMCID: PMC10939838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the therapeutic effect of tinted lenses (FL-41) on photophobia and light-evoked brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals with chronic ocular surface pain. DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS 25 subjects from the Miami veterans affairs (VA) eye clinic were recruited based on the presence of chronic ocular pain, dry eye symptoms, and photophobia. Using a 3T MRI scanner, subjects underwent 2 fMRI scans using an event-related design based on light stimuli: one scan while wearing FL-41 lenses and one without. Unpleasantness ratings evoked by the light stimuli were collected after each scan. RESULTS With FL-41 lenses, subjects reported decreased (n = 19), maintained (n = 2), or increased (n = 4) light-evoked unpleasantness ratings. Group analysis at baseline (no lens) revealed significant light evoked responses in bilateral primary somatosensory (S1), bilateral secondary somatosensory (S2), bilateral insula, bilateral frontal pole, visual, precuneus, paracingulate, and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) as well as cerebellar vermis, bilateral cerebellar hemispheric lobule VI, and bilateral cerebellar crus I and II. With FL-41 lenses, light-evoked responses were significantly decreased in bilateral S1, bilateral S2, bilateral insular, right temporal pole, precuneus, ACC, and paracingulate cortices as well as bilateral cerebellar hemispheric lobule VI. CONCLUSION FL-41 lenses modulated photophobia symptoms in some individuals with chronic ocular pain. In conjunction, FL-41 lenses decreased activation in cortical areas involved in processing affective and sensory-discriminative dimensions of pain. Further research into these relationships will advance the ability to provide precision therapy for individuals with ocular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Reyes
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jaxon J Huang
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anjalee Choudhury
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Pondelis
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesia (N.P., E.A.M.), Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elyana V T Locatelli
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ruby Hollinger
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Felix
- Research Service, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (E.R.F.), Miami, Florida, USA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.R.F.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pradip M Pattany
- Department of Radiology (P.M.P.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., R.H., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami (N.R., J.J.H., A.C., E.V.T.L., A.G.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesia (N.P., E.A.M.), Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology (E.A.M.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA.
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21
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Della Monica C, Ravindran KKG, Atzori G, Lambert DJ, Rodriguez T, Mahvash-Mohammadi S, Bartsch U, Skeldon AC, Wells K, Hampshire A, Nilforooshan R, Hassanin H, The Uk Dementia Research Institute Care Research Amp Technology Research Group, Revell VL, Dijk DJ. A Protocol for Evaluating Digital Technology for Monitoring Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Older People and People Living with Dementia in the Community. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:129-155. [PMID: 38534798 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance are predictors of poor physical and mental health, including dementia. Long-term digital technology-enabled monitoring of sleep and circadian rhythms in the community has great potential for early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Before novel digital technology-based monitoring can be implemented at scale, its performance and acceptability need to be evaluated and compared to gold-standard methodology in relevant populations. Here, we describe our protocol for the evaluation of novel sleep and circadian technology which we have applied in cognitively intact older adults and are currently using in people living with dementia (PLWD). In this protocol, we test a range of technologies simultaneously at home (7-14 days) and subsequently in a clinical research facility in which gold standard methodology for assessing sleep and circadian physiology is implemented. We emphasize the importance of assessing both nocturnal and diurnal sleep (naps), valid markers of circadian physiology, and that evaluation of technology is best achieved in protocols in which sleep is mildly disturbed and in populations that are relevant to the intended use-case. We provide details on the design, implementation, challenges, and advantages of this protocol, along with examples of datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Della Monica
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kiran K G Ravindran
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Atzori
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Damion J Lambert
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thalia Rodriguez
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sara Mahvash-Mohammadi
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne C Skeldon
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kevin Wells
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ramin Nilforooshan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust Surrey, Chertsey KT16 9AU, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
- Surrey Clinical Research Facility, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- NIHR Royal Surrey CRF, Royal Surrey Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | | | - Victoria L Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre (CR&T), Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London W12 0NN, UK
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22
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Chen R, Yan Y, Cheng X. Circadian light therapy and light dose for depressed young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1257093. [PMID: 38259764 PMCID: PMC10800803 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Empirical evidence has shown that light therapy (LT) can reduce depression symptoms by stimulating circadian rhythms. However, there is skepticism and inconclusive results, along with confusion regarding dosing. The purpose of this study is to quantify light as a stimulus for the circadian system and create a dose-response relationship that can help reduce maladies among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This will provide a reference for light exposure and neural response, which are crucial in the neuropsychological mechanism of light intervention. The study also aims to provide guidance for clinical application. Methods The latest quantitative model of CLA (circadian light) and CSt,f (circadian stimulus) was adopted to quantify light dose for circadian phototransduction in youth depression-related light therapy. Articles published up to 2023 through Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline (OVID), CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Embase, and Scholars were retrieved. A meta-analysis of 31 articles (1,031 subjects) was performed using Stata17.0, CMA3.0 (comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0) software, and Python 3.9 platform for light therapy efficacy comparison and dose-response quantification. Results Under various circadian stimulus conditions (0.1 < CSt,f < 0.7) of light therapy (LT), malady reductions among AYAs were observed (pooled SMD = -1.59, 95%CI = -1.86 to -1.32; z = -11.654, p = 0.000; I2 = 92.8%), with temporal pattern (p = 0.044) and co-medication (p = 0.000) suggested as main heterogeneity sources. For the efficacy advantage of LT with a higher circadian stimulus that is assumed to be influenced by visualization, co-medication, disease severity, and time pattern, sets of meta-analysis among random-controlled trials (RCTs) found evidence for significant efficacy of circadian-active bright light therapy (BLT) over circadian-inactive dim red light (SMD = -0.65, 95% CI = -0.96 to -0.34; z = -4.101, p = 0.000; I2 = 84.9%) or circadian-active dimmer white light (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.68 to -0.06; z = -2.318, p = 0.02; I2 = 33.8%), whereas green-blue, circadian-active BLT showed no significant superiority over circadian-inactive red/amber light controls (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.45 to 0.04; z = -2.318, p = 0.099; I2 = 0%). Overall, circadian-active BLT showed a greater likelihood of clinical response than dim light controls, with increased superiority observed with co-medication. For pre-to-post-treatment amelioration and corresponding dose-response relationship, cumulative duration was found more influential than other categorical (co-medication, severity, study design) or continuous (CSt,f) variables. Dose-response fitting indicated that the therapeutic effect would reach saturation among co-medicated patients at 32-42 days (900-1,000 min) and 58-59 days (1,100-1,500 min) among non-medicated AYAs. When exerting high circadian stimulus of light therapy (0.6 < CSt,f < 0.7), there was a significantly greater effect size in 1,000-1,500 min of accumulative duration than <1,000 or >1,500 min of duration, indicating a threshold for practical guidance. Limitations The results have been based on limited samples and influenced by a small sample effect. The placebo effect could not be ignored. Conclusions Although the superiority of LT with higher circadian stimulus over dimmer light controls remains unproven, greater response potentials of circadian-active BLT have been noticed among AYAs, taking co-medication, disease severity, time pattern, and visual characteristics into consideration. The dose-response relationship with quantified circadian stimulus and temporal pattern had been elaborated under various conditions to support clinical depression treatment and LT device application in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranpeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Yu C, Van Zuijlen MJP, Spoiala C, Pont SC, Wijntjes MWA, Hurlbert A. Time-of-day perception in paintings. J Vis 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38165679 PMCID: PMC10768702 DOI: 10.1167/jov.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The spectral shape, irradiance, direction, and diffuseness of daylight vary regularly throughout the day. The variations in illumination and their effect on the light reflected from objects may in turn provide visual information as to the time of day. We suggest that artists' color choices for paintings of outdoor scenes might convey this information and that therefore the time of day might be decoded from the colors of paintings. Here we investigate whether human viewers' estimates of the depicted time of day in paintings correlate with their image statistics, specifically chromaticity and luminance variations. We tested time-of-day perception in 17th- to 20th-century Western European paintings via two online rating experiments. In Experiment 1, viewers' ratings from seven time choices varied significantly and largely consistently across paintings but with some ambiguity between morning and evening depictions. Analysis of the relationship between image statistics and ratings revealed correlations with the perceived time of day: higher "morningness" ratings associated with higher brightness, contrast, and saturation and darker yellow/brighter blue hues; "eveningness" with lower brightness, contrast, and saturation and darker blue/brighter yellow hues. Multiple linear regressions of extracted principal components yielded a predictive model that explained 76% of the variance in time-of-day perception. In Experiment 2, viewers rated paintings as morning or evening only; rating distributions differed significantly across paintings, and image statistics predicted people's perceptions. These results suggest that artists used different color palettes and patterns to depict different times of day, and the human visual system holds consistent assumptions about the variation of natural light depicted in paintings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cehao Yu
- Perceptual Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell J P Van Zuijlen
- Cognitive Informatics Lab, Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Cristina Spoiala
- Perceptual Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia C Pont
- Perceptual Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W A Wijntjes
- Perceptual Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anya Hurlbert
- Neuroscience, Institute of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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24
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Flynn-Evans EE, Rueger M, Liu AM, Galvan-Garza RC, Natapoff A, Oman CM, Lockley SW. Effectiveness of caffeine and blue-enriched light on cognitive performance and electroencephalography correlates of alertness in a spaceflight robotics simulation. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:93. [PMID: 38114500 PMCID: PMC10730879 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cognitive impairment associated with sleep loss, circadian misalignment and work overload is a major concern in any high stress occupation but has potentially catastrophic consequences during spaceflight human robotic interactions. Two safe, wake-promoting countermeasures, caffeine and blue-enriched white light have been studied on Earth and are available on the International Space Station. We therefore conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial examining the impact of regularly timed low-dose caffeine (0.3 mg per kg per h) and moderate illuminance blue-enriched white light (~90 lux, ~88 melEDI lux, 6300 K) as countermeasures, separately and combined, in a multi-night simulation of sleep-wake shifts experienced during spaceflight among 16 participants (7 F, ages 26-55). We find that chronic administration of low-dose caffeine improves subjective and objective correlates of alertness and performance during an overnight work schedule involving chronic sleep loss and circadian misalignment, although we also find that caffeine disrupts subsequent sleep. We further find that 90 lux of blue-enriched light moderately reduces electroencephalogram (EEG) power in the theta and delta regions, which are associated with sleepiness. These findings support the use of low-dose caffeine and potentially blue-enriched white light to enhance alertness and performance among astronauts and shiftworking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Melanie Rueger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Liu
- Human Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raquel C Galvan-Garza
- Human Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan Natapoff
- Human Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Charles M Oman
- Human Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Zeng X, Soreze TSC, Ballegaard M, Petersen PM. Integrative Lighting Aimed at Patients with Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:806-830. [PMID: 38131751 PMCID: PMC10742818 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of circadian lighting-induced melatonin suppression on patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders in hospital wards by using an ad-hoc metrology framework and the subsequent metrics formalized by the CIE in 2018. A measurement scheme was conducted in hospital ward rooms in the Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, at Roskilde in Denmark, to evaluate the photometric and colorimetric characteristics of the lighting system, as well as its influence on the circadian rhythm of the occupants. The measurement scheme included point measurements and data logging, using a spectrophotometer mounted on a tripod with adjustable height to assess the newly installed circadian lighting system. The measured spectra were uploaded to the Luox platform to calculate illuminance, CCT, MEDI, etc., in accordance with the CIE S026 standard. Furthermore, the MLIT based on MEDI data logging results was calculated. In addition to CIE S026, we have investigated the usefulness of melatonin suppression models for the assessment of circadian performance regarding measured light. From the results, the lighting conditions in the patient room for both minimal and abundant daylight access were evaluated and compared; we found that access to daylight is essential for both illumination and circadian entrainment. It can be concluded that the measurement scheme, together with the use of the Luox platform and Canva template, is suitable for the accurate and satisfactory measurement of integrative lighting that aligns with CIE requirements and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Thierry Silvio Claude Soreze
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Martin Ballegaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Michael Petersen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (X.Z.); (P.M.P.)
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26
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Sletten TL. Melanopic metrics: Advancing the characterization of everyday light patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316004120. [PMID: 37991937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316004120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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27
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Ghaeili Ardabili N, Wang J, Wang N. A systematic literature review: building window's influence on indoor circadian health. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2023; 188:113796. [PMID: 37927424 PMCID: PMC10621328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Light has been shown to have a non-visual impact on the biological aspects of human health, particularly on circadian rhythms. Building windows are a potential means of regulating daylight conditions for circadian health and well-being. As a result of advancements in window and glazing technologies and variations in outdoor solar/sky conditions, understanding daylight's spectral characteristics, which pass through building window systems, is complex. Therefore, a systematic review and summary of the knowledge and evidence available regarding windows' impact on human circadian health is necessary. This study provides an overview of research in this domain, compares approaches and evaluation metrics, and underscores the importance of window parameters' influence on circadian health. Published studies available on various online databases since 2012 were evaluated. The findings of this study define a holistic approach to the melanopic performance of windows and provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the effect of windows on circadian health. Additionally, this work identifies future research directions based on the studies reviewed. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of windows on circadian health, which has implications for the design and construction of buildings in ways that support indoor human health and well-being from the circadian light adequacy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ghaeili Ardabili
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
| | - N. Wang
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College (USA)
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28
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Spitschan M, Kervezee L, Lok R, McGlashan E, Najjar RP. ENLIGHT: A consensus checklist for reporting laboratory-based studies on the non-visual effects of light in humans. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104889. [PMID: 38043137 PMCID: PMC10704221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on reporting light characteristics in studies investigating non-visual responses to light. This project aimed to develop a reporting checklist for laboratory-based investigations on the impact of light on non-visual physiology. METHODS A four-step modified Delphi process (three questionnaire-based feedback rounds and one face-to-face group discussion) involving international experts was conducted to reach consensus on the items to be included in the checklist. Following the consensus process, the resulting checklist was tested in a pilot phase with independent experts. FINDINGS An initial list of 61 items related to reporting light-based interventions was condensed to a final checklist containing 25 items, based upon consensus among experts (final n = 60). Nine items were deemed necessary to report regardless of research question or context. A description of each item is provided in the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document. The independent pilot testing phase led to minor textual clarifications in the checklist and E&E document. INTERPRETATION The ENLIGHT Checklist is the first consensus-based checklist for documenting and reporting ocular light-based interventions for human studies. The implementation of the checklist will enhance the impact of light-based research by ensuring comprehensive documentation, enhancing reproducibility, and enabling data aggregation across studies. FUNDING Network of European Institutes for Advanced Study (NETIAS) Constructive Advanced Thinking (CAT) programme; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 204686/Z/16/Z); Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development VENI fellowship (2020-09150161910128); U.S. Department of Defense Grant (W81XWH-16-1-0223); National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2022/038/Startup/08); and National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2022-THE004-0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany; TUMCREATE, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Elise McGlashan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Science and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raymond P Najjar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Center for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Chambe J, Reynaud E, Maruani J, Fraih E, Geoffroy PA, Bourgin P. Light therapy in insomnia disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13895. [PMID: 37002704 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In the management of insomnia, physicians and patients are seeking alternative therapeutics to sleeping pills, in addition to sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioural therapy. Bright light therapy (LT) has proven its efficacy in circadian and mood disorders. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis according to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines and using the databases Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science, with a special focus on light therapy and insomnia. Twenty-two studies with a total of 685 participants were included, five of which with a high level of proof. Meta-analysis was performed with 13 of them: light therapy for insomnia compared with control conditions significantly improved wake after sleep onset (WASO: SMD = -0.61 [-1.11, -0.11]; p = 0.017; weighted difference of 11.2 min ±11.5 based on actigraphy, and SMD = -1.09 [-1.43, -0.74] (p < 0.001) weighted difference of -36.4 min ±15.05) based on sleep diary, but no other sleep measures such as sleep latency, total sleep time (TST), or sleep efficiency. Qualitative analysis of the review showed some improvement mainly in subjective measures. Morning light exposure advanced sleep-wake rhythms and evening exposure led to a delay. No worsening was observed in objective nor subjective measures, except for TST in one study with evening exposure. A light dose-response may exist but the studies' heterogeneity and publication bias limit the interpretation. To conclude, light therapy shows some effectiveness for sleep maintenance in insomnia disorders, but further research is needed to refine the light parameters to be chosen according to the type of insomnia, in the hope of developing personalised therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Chambe
- General Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eve Reynaud
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julia Maruani
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
- GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
| | - Elise Fraih
- General Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France
- GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Center - CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital of Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Kahan A, Mahe K, Dutta S, Kassraian P, Wang A, Gradinaru V. Immediate responses to ambient light in vivo reveal distinct subpopulations of suprachiasmatic VIP neurons. iScience 2023; 26:107865. [PMID: 37766975 PMCID: PMC10520357 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), mediates light entrainment via vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons (SCNVIP). Yet, how these neurons uniquely respond and connect to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) expressing melanopsin (Opn4) has not been determined functionally in freely behaving animals. To address this, we first used monosynaptic tracing from SCNVIP neurons in mice and identified two SCNVIP subpopulations. Second, we recorded calcium changes in response to ambient light, at both bulk and single-cell levels, and found two unique activity patterns in response to high- and low-intensity blue light. The activity patterns of both subpopulations could be manipulated by application of an Opn4 antagonist. These results suggest that the two SCNVIP subpopulations connect to two types of Opn4-expressing ipRGCs, likely M1 and M2, but only one is responsive to red light. These findings have important implications for our basic understanding of non-image-forming circadian light processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Kahan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Karan Mahe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pegah Kassraian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexander Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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31
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Didikoglu A, Mohammadian N, Johnson S, van Tongeren M, Wright P, Casson AJ, Brown TM, Lucas RJ. Associations between light exposure and sleep timing and sleepiness while awake in a sample of UK adults in everyday life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301608120. [PMID: 37812713 PMCID: PMC10589638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301608120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and interventional studies show that light can regulate sleep timing and sleepiness while awake by setting the phase of circadian rhythms and supporting alertness. The extent to which differences in light exposure explain variations in sleep and sleepiness within and between individuals in everyday life remains less clear. Here, we establish a method to address this deficit, incorporating an open-source wearable wrist-worn light logger (SpectraWear) and smartphone-based online data collection. We use it to simultaneously record longitudinal light exposure (in melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance), sleep timing, and subjective alertness over seven days in a convenience sample of 59 UK adults without externally imposed circadian challenge (e.g., shift work or jetlag). Participants reliably had strong daily rhythms in light exposure but frequently were exposed to less light during the daytime and more light in pre-bedtime and sleep episodes than recommended [T. M. Brown et al., PLoS Biol. 20, e3001571 (2022)]. Prior light exposure over several hours was associated with lower subjective sleepiness with, in particular, brighter light in the late sleep episode and after wake linked to reduced early morning sleepiness (sleep inertia). Higher pre-bedtime light exposure was associated with longer sleep onset latency. Early sleep timing was correlated with more reproducible and robust daily patterns of light exposure and higher daytime/lower night-time light exposure. Our study establishes a method for collecting longitudinal sleep and health/performance data in everyday life and provides evidence of associations between light exposure and important determinants of sleep health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Izmir35430, Turkey
| | - Navid Mohammadian
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Johnson
- Thomas Ashton Institute, People, Management and Organisation Division, Alliance Manchester Business School, Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Thomas Ashton Institute, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wright
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Brown
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Lucas
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
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32
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Wichert K, Hoppe R, Ickstadt K, Behrens T, Winter S, Herold R, Terschüren C, Lo WY, Guénel P, Truong T, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Lush M, Andrulis IL, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Eriksson M, Figueroa JD, García-Closas M, Goldberg MS, Hamann U, He W, Holleczek B, Hopper JL, Jakubowska A, Ko YD, Lubiński J, Mulligan AM, Obi N, Rhenius V, Shah M, Shu XO, Simard J, Southey MC, Zheng W, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Hall P, Easton DF, Brüning T, Brauch H, Harth V, Rabstein S. Polymorphisms in genes of melatonin biosynthesis and signaling support the light-at-night hypothesis for breast cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1053-1068. [PMID: 37789226 PMCID: PMC10570222 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-at-night triggers the decline of pineal gland melatonin biosynthesis and secretion and is an IARC-classified probable breast-cancer risk factor. We applied a large-scale molecular epidemiology approach to shed light on the putative role of melatonin in breast cancer. We investigated associations between breast-cancer risk and polymorphisms at genes of melatonin biosynthesis/signaling using a study population of 44,405 women from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (22,992 cases, 21,413 population-based controls). Genotype data of 97 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 18 defined gene regions were investigated for breast-cancer risk effects. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by logistic regression for the main-effect analysis as well as stratified analyses by estrogen- and progesterone-receptor (ER, PR) status. SNP-SNP interactions were analyzed via a two-step procedure based on logic regression. The Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP) was used for all analyses to account for multiple testing. Noteworthy associations (BFDP < 0.8) included 10 linked SNPs in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) (e.g. rs1386492: OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12), and a SNP in the mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) (rs10857561: OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.18). The SNP-SNP interaction analysis revealed noteworthy interaction terms with TPH2- and MAPK-related SNPs (e.g. rs1386483R ∧ rs1473473D ∧ rs3729931D: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32). In line with the light-at-night hypothesis that links shift work with elevated breast-cancer risks our results point to SNPs in TPH2 and MAPK-genes that may impact the intricate network of circadian regulation.
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Grants
- C12292/A11174 Cancer Research UK
- C5047/A15007 Cancer Research UK
- UM1 CA164920 NCI NIH HHS
- R01CA100374 NIH HHS
- C1281/A12014 Cancer Research UK
- C5047/A10692 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA100374 NCI NIH HHS
- C490/A16561 Cancer Research UK
- C8197/A16565 Cancer Research UK
- C490/A10124 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA128978 NCI NIH HHS
- C1287/A10118 Cancer Research UK
- P30 CA068485 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA164920 NCI NIH HHS
- CA128978 NIH HHS
- U19 CA148112 NCI NIH HHS
- C1287/A10710 Cancer Research UK
- C5047/A8384 Cancer Research UK
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
- Genome Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Ministère de l’Économie et de l'Innovation du Québec
- Government of Canada
- Génome Québec
- Fondation du cancer du sein du Québec
- Confluence project by National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institutes of Health
- Post-Cancer GWAS initiative
- Department of Defence
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer
- Susan G. Komen for the Cure
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation
- Ovarian Cancer Research Fund
- National Cancer Institute (USA)
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Cancer Council NSW
- Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia)
- Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Fondation de France
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
- Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Robert Bosch Stiftung
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter GmbH Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Märit and Hans Rausings Initiative Against Breast Cancer
- Hamburger Krebsgesellschaft
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program
- Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade
- NIH
- Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource
- USA National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health
- Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore
- US National Institute of Health
- Susan G. Komen
- Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre
- Breast Cancer Now Tissue Bank
- UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge
- NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve
- Minister of Science and Higher Education, Regional Initiative of Excellence, project number 002/RID/2018/19
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum (1007)
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wichert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Ickstadt
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Herold
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Terschüren
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team "Exposome and Heredity", CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Team "Exposome and Heredity", CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter GmbH Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Rabstein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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33
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Cheshmeh Noor M, Revell V, Mehdizadeh Saradj F, Yazdanfar SA. The impact of wavelength on acute non-visual responses to light: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Res 2023; 1816:148470. [PMID: 37364848 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Light is detected in the eye by three classes of photoreceptors (rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)) that are each optimized for a specific function and express a particular light-detecting photopigment. The significant role of short-wavelength light and ipRGCs in improving alertness has been well-established; however, few reviews have been undertaken to assess the other wavelengths' effects regarding timing and intensity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different narrowband light wavelengths on subjective and objective alertness among the 36 studies included in this systematic review, 17 of which were meta-analyzed. Short-wavelength light (∼460-480 nm) significantly improves subjective alertness, cognitive function, and neurological brain activities at night, even for a sustained period (∼6h) (for λmax: 470/475 nm, 0.4 < |Hedges's g| < 0.6, p < 0.05), but except early morning, it almost does not show this effect during the day when melatonin level is lowest. Long-wavelength light (∼600-640 nm) has little effect at night, but significantly increases several measures of alertness at lower irradiance during the daytime (∼1h), particularly when there is homeostatic sleep drive (for λmax: ∼630 nm, 0.5 < |Hedges's g| < 0.8, p < 0.05). The results further suggest that melanopic illuminance may not always be sufficient to measure the alerting effect of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Cheshmeh Noor
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
| | - Victoria Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XP, United Kingdom.
| | - Fatemeh Mehdizadeh Saradj
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
| | - Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar
- School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran Iran.
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34
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Spitschan M, Joyce DS. Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:237-246. [PMID: 38919981 PMCID: PMC7615961 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Beyond visual function, specialized light-sensitive retinal circuits involving the photopigment melanopsin drive critical aspects of human physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake rhythms, hormone production, mood, and cognition. Fundamental discoveries of visual neurobiology dating back to the 1990s have given rise to strong interest from the lighting industry in optimizing lighting to benefit health. Consequently, evidence-based recommendations, regulations, and policies need to translate current knowledge of neurobiology into practice. Here, reviewing recent advances in understanding of NIF circuits in humans leads to proposed strategies to optimize electric lighting. Highlighted knowledge gaps must be addressed urgently, as well as the challenge of developing personalized, adaptive NIF lighting interventions accounting for complex individual differences in physiology, behavior, and environment. Finally, lighting equity issues appear in the context of marginalized groups, who have traditionally been underserved in research on both fundamental visual processes and applied lighting. Biologically optimal light is a fundamental environmental right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spitschan
- TUM School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Joyce
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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35
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Stowe SR, LeBourgeois MK, Behn CD. Modeling the Effects of Napping and Non-napping Patterns of Light Exposure on the Human Circadian Oscillator. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:492-509. [PMID: 37427666 PMCID: PMC10524998 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231180953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In early childhood, consolidation of sleep from a biphasic to a monophasic sleep-wake pattern, that is, the transition from sleeping during an afternoon nap and at night to sleeping only during the night, represents a major developmental milestone. Reduced napping behavior is associated with an advance in the timing of the circadian system; however, it is unknown if this advance represents a standard response of the circadian clock to altered patterns of light exposure or if it additionally reflects features of the developing circadian system. Using a mathematical model of the human circadian pacemaker, we investigated the impact of napping and non-napping patterns of light exposure on entrained circadian phases. Simulated light schedules were based on published data from 20 children (34.2 ± 2.0 months) with habitual napping or non-napping sleep patterns (15 nappers). We found the model predicted different circadian phases for napping and non-napping light patterns: both the decrease in afternoon light during the nap and the increase in evening light associated with napping toddlers' later bedtimes contributed to the observed circadian phase difference produced between napping and non-napping light schedules. We systematically quantified the effects on phase shifting of nap duration, timing, and light intensity, finding larger phase delays occurred for longer and earlier naps. In addition, we simulated phase response curves to a 1-h light pulse and 1-h dark pulse to predict phase and intensity dependence of these changes in light exposure. We found the light pulse produced larger shifts compared with the dark pulse, and we analyzed the model dynamics to identify the features contributing to this asymmetry. These findings suggest that napping status affects circadian timing due to altered patterns of light exposure, with the dynamics of the circadian clock and light processing mediating the effects of the dark pulse associated with a daytime nap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby R. Stowe
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | | | - Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Khanh TQ, Bodrogi P, Zandi B, Vinh TQ. Brightness perception under photopic conditions: experiments and modeling with contributions of S-cone and ipRGC. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14542. [PMID: 37666893 PMCID: PMC10477289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1924, the CIE published and standardized the photopic luminous efficiency function. Based on the standardized curve, luminous flux in lumens, luminance in cd/m[Formula: see text], and illuminance in lux are determined by an integral of the curve and the incident light spectra in photometers and are considered physical brightness. However, human brightness perception is not only weighted by this simple determination, but is a more complicated combination of all L-cones, M-cones, S-cones, rods and later ipRGCs, which was partly described by the equivalent brightness of Fotios et al. with the correction factor [Formula: see text]. Recently, new research has demonstrated the role of ipRGCs in human light perception. However, it is still unclear how these signal components of the human visual system are involved in the overall human brightness perception. In this work, human brightness perception under photopic conditions was investigated by visual experiments with 28 subjects under 25 different light spectra. In this way, the contributions of the signal components can be investigated. An optimization process was then performed on the resulting database. The results show that not only the [Formula: see text] component, but also the S-cones and ipRGC play a role, although it is smaller. Thus, the visually scaled brightness model based on the database optimization was constructed using not only illuminance but also S-cones and ipRGC with [Formula: see text] of 0.9554 and RMSE of 4.7802. These results are much better than the brightness model after Fotios et al. using only S-cones ([Formula: see text] = 0.8161, RMSE = 9.7123) and the traditional model without S-cones and ipRGC ([Formula: see text] = 0.8121, RMSE = 9.8171).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quoc Khanh
- Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Babak Zandi
- Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Trinh Quang Vinh
- Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Berry MH, Leffler J, Allen CN, Sivyer B. Functional subtypes of rodent melanopsin ganglion cells switch roles between night and day illumination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.26.554902. [PMID: 38168436 PMCID: PMC10760181 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.26.554902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), contain the photopigment melanopsin, and influence both image and non-image forming behaviors. Despite being categorized into multiple types (M1-M6), physiological variability within these types suggests our current understanding of ipRGCs is incomplete. We used multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings and unbiased cluster analysis under synaptic blockade to identify 8 functional clusters of ipRGCs, each with distinct photosensitivity and response timing. We used Cre mice to drive the expression of channelrhodopsin in SON-ipRGCs, enabling the localization of distinct ipRGCs in the dorsal retina. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective unbiased cluster analysis of ipRGC photoresponses to light stimuli across scotopic, mesopic, and photopic intensities, aimed at activating both rod and cone inputs to ipRGCs. Our results revealed shared and distinct synaptic inputs to the identified functional clusters, demonstrating that ipRGCs encode visual information with high fidelity at low light intensities, but poorly at photopic light intensities, when melanopsin activation is highest. Collectively, our findings support a framework with at least 8 functional subtypes of ipRGCs, each encoding luminance with distinct spike outputs, highlighting the inherent functional diversity and complexity of ipRGCs and suggesting a reevaluation of their contributions to retinal function and visual perception under varying light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
- Medical Scientist Training program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Joseph Leffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Charles N. Allen
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
| | - Benjamin Sivyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239
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Grant LK, Crosthwaite PC, Mayer MD, Wang W, Stickgold R, St. Hilaire MA, Lockley SW, Rahman SA. Supplementation of ambient lighting with a task lamp improves daytime alertness and cognitive performance in sleep-restricted individuals. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad096. [PMID: 37026184 PMCID: PMC10424162 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined the impact of adding a single-high-melanopic-illuminance task lamp in an otherwise low-melanopic-illuminance environment on alertness, neurobehavioral performance, learning, and mood during an 8-h simulated workday. METHODS Sixteen healthy young adults [mean(±SD) age = 24.2 ± 2.9, 8F] participated in a 3-day inpatient study with two 8-h simulated workdays and were randomized to either ambient fluorescent room light (~30 melanopic EDI lux, 50 lux), or room light supplemented with a light emitting diode task lamp (~250 melanopic EDI lux, 210 lux) in a cross-over design. Alertness, mood, and cognitive performance were assessed throughout the light exposure and compared between conditions using linear mixed models. RESULTS The primary outcome measure of percentage correct responses on the addition task was significantly improved relative to baseline in the supplemented condition (3.15% ± 1.18%), compared to the ambient conditions (0.93% ± 1.1%; FDR-adj q = 0.005). Additionally, reaction time and attentional failures on the psychomotor vigilance tasks were significantly improved with exposure to supplemented compared to ambient lighting (all, FDR-adj q ≤ 0.030). Furthermore, subjective measures of sleepiness, alertness, happiness, health, mood, and motivation were also significantly better in the supplemented, compared to ambient conditions (all, FDR-adj q ≤ 0.036). There was no difference in mood disturbance, affect, declarative memory, or motor learning between the conditions (all, FDR-adj q ≥ 0.308). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that supplementing ambient lighting with a high-melanopic-illuminance task lamp can improve daytime alertness and cognition. Therefore, high-melanopic-illuminance task lighting may be effective when incorporated into existing suboptimal lighting environments. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT04745312. Effect of Lighting Supplementation on Daytime Cognition. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04745312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilah K Grant
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phoebe C Crosthwaite
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Mayer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kim AB, Beaver EM, Collins SG, Kriegsfeld LJ, Lockley SW, Wong KY, Yan L. S-Cone Photoreceptors Regulate Daily Rhythms and Light-Induced Arousal/Wakefulness in Diurnal Grass Rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus). J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:366-378. [PMID: 37222434 PMCID: PMC10364626 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231170068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Beyond visual perception, light has non-image-forming effects mediated by melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The present study first used multielectrode array recordings to show that in a diurnal rodent, Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus), ipRGCs generate rod/cone-driven and melanopsin-based photoresponses that stably encode irradiance. Subsequently, two ipRGC-mediated non-image-forming effects, namely entrainment of daily rhythms and light-induced arousal, were examined. Animals were first housed under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle (lights-on at 0600 h) with the light phase generated by a low-irradiance fluorescent light (F12), a daylight spectrum (D65) stimulating all photoreceptors, or a narrowband 480 nm spectrum (480) that maximized melanopsin stimulation and minimized S-cone stimulation (λmax 360 nm) compared to D65. Daily rhythms of locomotor activities showed onset and offset closer to lights-on and lights-off, respectively, in D65 and 480 than in F12, and higher day/night activity ratio under D65 versus 480 and F12, suggesting the importance of S-cone stimulation. To assess light-induced arousal, 3-h light exposures using 4 spectra that stimulated melanopsin equally but S-cones differentially were superimposed on F12 background lighting: D65, 480, 480 + 365 (narrowband 365 nm), and D65 - 365. Compared to the F12-only condition, all four pulses increased in-cage activity and promoted wakefulness, with 480 + 365 having the greatest and longest-lasting wakefulness-promoting effects, again indicating the importance of stimulating S-cones as well as melanopsin. These findings provide insights into the temporal dynamics of photoreceptor contributions to non-image-forming photoresponses in a diurnal rodent that may help guide future studies of lighting environments and phototherapy protocols that promote human health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony B. Kim
- Department of Architecture, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Emma M. Beaver
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Stephen G. Collins
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Steven W. Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders,
Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
| | - Kwoon Y. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Kellogg
Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular &
Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan
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40
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Clancy BM, Theriault BR, Turcios R, Langan GP, Luchins KR. The Effect of Noise, Vibration, and Light Disturbances from Daily Health Checks on Breeding Performance, Nest Building, and Corticosterone in Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:291-302. [PMID: 37339873 PMCID: PMC10434751 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
At our institution, the techniques that technicians use for health checks vary for mice housed in cages on individually ventilated caging (IVC) racks. If the mice cannot be adequately visualized, some technicians partially undock the cage whereas others use an LED flashlight. These actions undoubtedly alter the cage microenvironment, particularly with regard to noise, vibration, and light, which are known to affect multiple welfare and research-related parameters in mice. The central aim of this study was to assess the effects of partial cage undocking and LED flashlight use during daily health checks on fecundity, nest building scores, and hair corticosterone concentrations in C57BL/6J mice to determine the least disturbing method of performing these health checks. In addition, we used an accelerometer, a microphone, and a light meter to measure intracage noise, vibration, and light under each condition. Breeding pairs (n = 100 pairs) were randomly assigned to one of 3 health check groups: partial undocking, LED flashlight, or control (in which mice were observed without any cage manipulation). We hypothesized that mice exposed to a flashlight or cage undocking during daily health checks would have fewer pups, poorer nest building scores, and higher hair corticosterone levels than did the control mice. We found no statistically significant difference in fecundity, nest building scores, or hair corticosterone levels between either experimental group as compared with the control group. However, hair corticosterone levels were significantly affected by the cage height on the rack and the amount of time on study. These results indicate that a short duration, once-daily exposure to partial cage undocking or to an LED flashlight during daily healthy checks does not affect breeding performance or wellbeing, as measured by nest scores and hair corticosterone levels, in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Clancy
- Animal Resources Center and Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Betty R Theriault
- Animal Resources Center and Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Turcios
- Animal Resources Center and Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - George P Langan
- Animal Resources Center and Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kerith R Luchins
- Animal Resources Center and Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Martin JT, Boynton GM, Baker DH, Wade AR, Spitschan M. PySilSub: An open-source Python toolbox for implementing the method of silent substitution in vision and nonvisual photoreception research. J Vis 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 37450287 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.7.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal human retina contains several classes of photosensitive cell-rods for low-light vision, three cone classes for daylight vision, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) expressing melanopsin for non-image-forming functions, including pupil control, melatonin suppression, and circadian photoentrainment. The spectral sensitivities of the photoreceptors overlap significantly, which means that most lights will stimulate all photoreceptors to varying degrees. The method of silent substitution is a powerful tool for stimulating individual photoreceptor classes selectively and has found much use in research and clinical settings. The main hardware requirement for silent substitution is a spectrally calibrated light stimulation system with at least as many primaries as there are photoreceptors under consideration. Device settings that will produce lights to selectively stimulate the photoreceptor(s) of interest can be found using a variety of analytic and algorithmic approaches. Here we present PySilSub (https://github.com/PySilentSubstitution/pysilsub), a novel Python package for silent substitution featuring flexible support for individual colorimetric observer models (including human and mouse observers), multiprimary stimulation devices, and solving silent substitution problems with linear algebra and constrained numerical optimization. The toolbox is registered with the Python Package Index and includes example data sets from various multiprimary systems. We hope that PySilSub will facilitate the application of silent substitution in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Daniel H Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alex R Wade
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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42
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Weigel TK, Guo CL, Güler AD, Ferris HA. Altered circadian behavior and light sensing in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1218193. [PMID: 37409006 PMCID: PMC10318184 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1218193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian symptoms have long been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and often appear before cognitive symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying circadian alterations in AD are poorly understood. We studied circadian re-entrainment in AD model mice using a "jet lag" paradigm, observing their behavior on a running wheel after a 6 h advance in the light:dark cycle. Female 3xTg mice, which carry mutations producing progressive amyloid beta and tau pathology, re-entrained following jet lag more rapidly than age-matched wild type controls at both 8 and 13 months of age. This re-entrainment phenotype has not been previously reported in a murine AD model. Because microglia are activated in AD and in AD models, and inflammation can affect circadian rhythms, we hypothesized that microglia contribute to this re-entrainment phenotype. To test this, we used the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397, which rapidly depletes microglia from the brain. Microglia depletion did not alter re-entrainment in either wild type or 3xTg mice, demonstrating that microglia activation is not acutely responsible for the re-entrainment phenotype. To test whether mutant tau pathology is necessary for this behavioral phenotype, we repeated the jet lag behavioral test with the 5xFAD mouse model, which develops amyloid plaques, but not neurofibrillary tangles. As with 3xTg mice, 7-month-old female 5xFAD mice re-entrained more rapidly than controls, demonstrating that mutant tau is not necessary for the re-entrainment phenotype. Because AD pathology affects the retina, we tested whether differences in light sensing may contribute to altered entrainment behavior. 3xTg mice demonstrated heightened negative masking, a circadian behavior measuring responses to different levels of light, and re-entrained dramatically faster than WT mice in a jet lag experiment performed in dim light. 3xTg mice show a heightened sensitivity to light as a circadian cue that may contribute to accelerated photic re-entrainment. Together, these experiments demonstrate novel circadian behavioral phenotypes with heightened responses to photic cues in AD model mice which are not dependent on tauopathy or microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus K. Weigel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cherry L. Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Heather A. Ferris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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43
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Zielinska-Dabkowska KM, Schernhammer ES, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC. Reducing nighttime light exposure in the urban environment to benefit human health and society. Science 2023; 380:1130-1135. [PMID: 37319219 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal light pollution can have profound effects on humans and other organisms. Recent research indicates that nighttime outdoor lighting is increasing rapidly. Evidence from controlled laboratory studies demonstrates that nocturnal light exposure can strain the visual system, disrupt circadian physiology, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair sleep. There is a growing body of work pointing to adverse effects of outdoor lighting on human health, including the risk of chronic diseases, but this knowledge is in a more nascent stage. In this Review, we synthesize recent research on the context-specific factors and physiology relevant to nocturnal light exposure in relation to human health and society, identify critical areas for future research, and highlight recent policy steps and recommendations for mitigating light pollution in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Zielinska-Dabkowska
- GUT LightLab Department of Architecture, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J P Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - G C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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44
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Stampfli JR, Schrader B, di Battista C, Häfliger R, Schälli O, Wichmann G, Zumbühl C, Blattner P, Cajochen C, Lazar R, Spitschan M. The Light-Dosimeter: A new device to help advance research on the non-visual responses to light. LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND : 2001) 2023; 55:474-486. [PMID: 37469656 PMCID: PMC10353031 DOI: 10.1177/14771535221147140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a device to investigate the non-visual responses to light: The Light-Dosimeter (lido). Its multidisciplinary team followed a user-centred approach throughout the project, that is, their design decisions focused on researchers' and participants' needs. Together with custom-made mountings and the software Lido Studio, the lidos provide researchers with a holistic solution to record participants' light exposure in the near-corneal plane in laboratory settings and under real-world conditions. Validation measurements with commercial equipment were deemed satisfying, as was the combining with data from other devices. The handling of the lidos and mountings and the use of the software Lido Studio during the trial period by various researchers and participants were successful. Despite some limitations, the lidos can help advance research on the non-visual responses to light over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- JR Stampfli
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - B Schrader
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - C di Battista
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - R Häfliger
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - O Schälli
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - G Wichmann
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - C Zumbühl
- Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Horw, Switzerland
| | - P Blattner
- Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS), Bern-Wabern, Switzerland
| | - C Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Lazar
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Spitschan
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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45
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Ren H, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Zhou Q, Fang Y, Huang L, Li X. Characteristics of psychological time in patients with depression and potential intervention strategies. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1173535. [PMID: 37304430 PMCID: PMC10248015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1173535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological time reveals information about an individual's psychological state and psychopathological traits and, thus, has become a new perspective through which the occurrence and development of depression can be examined. Psychological time includes time perception, time perspective, circadian rhythms, and passage of time. Patients with depression are characterized by inaccurate time interval estimation, habitual negative thoughts about the past and future, evening-type circadian rhythms, and slow passage of time. Habitual negative thoughts about the past and future and evening-type circadian rhythms influence the formation of depression, and poor time interval estimation and slow passage of time may result from depression. Further study is needed accurately exploring psychological time and influencing factors in patients with depression, and prospective cohort studies could further clarify this complex relationship. In addition, the study of psychological time has important implications for developing effective interventions to reduce depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Ren
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition and Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Foreign Studies, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yanzhen Ren
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition and Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Weigel TK, Guo CL, Güler AD, Ferris HA. Altered circadian behavior and light sensing in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539086. [PMID: 37205532 PMCID: PMC10187209 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Circadian symptoms have long been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and often appear before cognitive symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying circadian alterations in AD are poorly understood. We studied circadian re-entrainment in AD model mice using a "jet lag" paradigm, observing their behavior on a running wheel after a six hour advance in the light:dark cycle. Female 3xTg mice, which carry mutations producing progressive amyloid beta and tau pathology, re-entrained following jet lag more rapidly than age-matched wild type controls at both 8 and 13 months of age. This re-entrainment phenotype has not been previously reported in a murine AD model. Because microglia are activated in AD and in AD models, and inflammation can affect circadian rhythms, we hypothesized that microglia contribute to this re-entrainment phenotype. To test this, we used the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397, which rapidly depletes microglia from the brain. Microglia depletion did not alter re-entrainment in either wild type or 3xTg mice, demonstrating that microglia activation is not acutely responsible for the re-entrainment phenotype. To test whether mutant tau pathology is necessary for this behavioral phenotype, we repeated the jet lag behavioral test with the 5xFAD mouse model, which develops amyloid plaques, but not neurofibrillary tangles. As with 3xTg mice, 7-month-old female 5xFAD mice re-entrained more rapidly than controls, demonstrating that mutant tau is not necessary for the re-entrainment phenotype. Because AD pathology affects the retina, we tested whether differences in light sensing may contribute to altered entrainment behavior. 3xTg mice demonstrated heightened negative masking, an SCN-independent circadian behavior measuring responses to different levels of light, and re-entrained dramatically faster than WT mice in a jet lag experiment performed in dim light. 3xTg mice show a heightened sensitivity to light as a circadian cue that may contribute to accelerated photic re-entrainment. Together, these experiments demonstrate novel circadian behavioral phenotypes with heightened responses to photic cues in AD model mice which are not dependent on tauopathy or microglia.
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Abstract
Melanopsin is a light-activated G protein coupled receptor that is expressed widely across phylogeny. In mammals, melanopsin is found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which are especially important for "non-image" visual functions that include the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep, and mood. Photochemical and electrophysiological experiments have provided evidence that melanopsin has at least two stable conformations and is thus multistable, unlike the monostable photopigments of the classic rod and cone photoreceptors. Estimates of melanopsin's properties vary, challenging efforts to understand how the molecule influences vision. This article seeks to reconcile disparate views of melanopsin and offer a practical guide to melanopsin's complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Emanuel
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Tri H. Do
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
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Zhu C, Gao J, Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Huang Q, Wu Z, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yu WW, Hu J, Bai X. Intelligent interior atmosphere lamp system based on quantum dot LEDs for safe driving assistance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13028-13039. [PMID: 37157449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A driver safety assisting system is essential to reduce the probability of traffic accidents. But most of the existing driver safety assisting systems are simple reminders that cannot improve the driver's driving status. This paper proposes a driver safety assisting system to reduce the driver's fatigue degree by the light with different wavelengths that affect people's moods. The system consists of a camera, an image processing chip, an algorithm processing chip, and an adjustment module based on quantum dot LEDs (QLEDs). Through this intelligent atmosphere lamp system, the experimental results show that blue light reduced the driver's fatigue degree when just turned on; but as time went on, the driver's fatigue degree rebounded rapidly. Meanwhile, red light prolonged the driver's awake time. Different from blue light alone, this effect can remain stable for a long time. Based on these observations, an algorith was designed to quantify the degree of fatigue and detect its rising trend. In the early stage, the red light is used to prolong the awake time and the blue light to suppress when the fatigue value increases, so as to maximize the awake driving time. The result showed that our device prolonged the awake driving time of the drivers by 1.95 times and reduced fatigue during driving: the quantitative value of fatigue degree generally decreased by about 0.2 times. In most experiments, the subjects were able to complete four hours of safe driving, which reached the maximum length of continuous driving at night allowed by China laws. In conclusion, our system changes the assisting system from a reminder to a helper, thus effectively reducing the driving risk.
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Campbell I, Sharifpour R, Vandewalle G. Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:116-140. [PMID: 36975552 PMCID: PMC10047820 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Light use is rising steeply, mainly because of the advent of light-emitting diode (LED) devices. LEDs are frequently blue-enriched light sources and may have different impacts on the non-image forming (NIF) system, which is maximally sensitive to blue-wavelength light. Most importantly, the timing of LED device use is widespread, leading to novel light exposure patterns on the NIF system. The goal of this narrative review is to discuss the multiple aspects that we think should be accounted for when attempting to predict how this situation will affect the NIF impact of light on brain functions. We first cover both the image-forming and NIF pathways of the brain. We then detail our current understanding of the impact of light on human cognition, sleep, alertness, and mood. Finally, we discuss questions concerning the adoption of LED lighting and screens, which offer new opportunities to improve well-being, but also raise concerns about increasing light exposure, which may be detrimental to health, particularly in the evening.
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Ishihara A, Courville AB, Chen KY. The Complex Effects of Light on Metabolism in Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061391. [PMID: 36986120 PMCID: PMC10056135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an essential part of many life forms. The natural light–dark cycle has been the dominant stimulus for circadian rhythms throughout human evolution. Artificial light has restructured human activity and provided opportunities to extend the day without reliance on natural day–night cycles. The increase in light exposure at unwanted times or a reduced dynamic range of light between the daytime and nighttime has introduced negative consequences for human health. Light exposure is closely linked to sleep–wake regulation, activity and eating patterns, body temperature, and energy metabolism. Disruptions to these areas due to light are linked to metabolic abnormalities such as an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Research has revealed that various properties of light influence metabolism. This review will highlight the complex role of light in human physiology, with a specific emphasis on metabolic regulation from the perspective of four main properties of light (intensity, duration, timing of exposure, and wavelength). We also discuss the potential influence of the key circadian hormone melatonin on sleep and metabolic physiology. We explore the relationship between light and metabolism through circadian physiology in various populations to understand the optimal use of light to mitigate short and long-term health consequences.
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