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Grytting VS, Skuland T, Ballangby J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J, Mariussen E. The effects of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786) on three different 3D lung models exposed at the air-liquid interface - A comparative study. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105841. [PMID: 38729454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
3D cell culture models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) represent a potential alternative to animal experiments for hazard and risk assessment of inhaled compounds. This study compares cocultures composed of either Calu-3, A549 or HBEC3-KT lung epithelial cells, cultured together with THP-1-derived macrophages and EA.hy926 endothelial cells, in terms of barrier capacity and responses to a standard reference sample of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786). High-content imaging analysis revealed a similar cellular composition between the different cell models. The 3D cell cultures with Calu-3 cells showed the greatest barrier capacity, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability to Na-fluorescein. Mucus production was detected in 3D cell cultures based on Calu-3 and A549 cells. Exposure to SRM 2786 at ALI increased cytokine release and expression of genes associated with inflammation and xenobiotic metabolism. Moreover, the presence of THP-1-derived macrophages was central to the cytokine responses in all cell models. While the different 3D cell culture models produced qualitatively similar responses, more pronounced pro-inflammatory responses were observed in the basolateral compartment of the A549 and HBEC3-KT models compared to the Calu-3 model, likely due to their reduced barrier capacity and lower retention of secreted mediators in the apical compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
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Zhang X, Qi A, Wang P, Huang Q, Zhao T, Yang L, Wang W. Influence of oil extraction on concentration distributions, migration, secondary formation and carcinogenic risk of NPAHs and OPAHs in air and soil in an oilfield development area in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170736. [PMID: 38325475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Oil extraction leads to environmental pollution from the oilfields and dweller activities, however, knowledge of the concentration distributions, migration, secondary formation and toxicity of nitrated/oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N/OPAHs) in oilfield regions is limited. In this research, atmospheric and soil samples in 7 different location types in an important oil industrial base in China were gathered. The ΣNPAHs and ΣOPAHs in the air ranged from 0.05 to 2.47 ng/m3 and 0.14-22.72 ng/m3, respectively, and in soil ranged from 0.22 to 17.81 ng/g and 9.69-66.86 ng/g, respectively. Both NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere exhibited higher concentrations during winter. The atmospheric NPAH concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from urban area especially in the summer, revealing the impact of vehicles on the air in the Yellow River Delta area. High NPAH and OPAH concentrations were found only in soil near oil extraction facilities, indicating that the impact of oil extraction is limited to the soil near the extraction facilities. The air-soil exchanges of N/OPAHs were assessed through fugacity fraction analysis, and NPAHs were in the equilibrium-deposition state and OPAHs were in the net-deposition state in the winter. Higher incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) occurred at the urban, industrial, and oilfield sites in the atmospheric samples, and the soil samples had the largest ILCR values in the oilfield sites. However, ILCR values for both air and soil did not exceed the threshold of 10-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Anan Qi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Acikbas Y, Erdogan M, Capan R, Ozkaya Erdogan C, Baygu Y, Kabay N, Gök Y, Kucukyildiz G. Preparation and characterization of the phthalocyanine–zinc(II) complex-based nanothin films: optical and gas-sensing properties. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Song X, Liu B, Zhao G, Pu X, Liu B, Ding M, Xue Y. Streptococcus pneumoniae promotes migration and invasion of A549 cells in vitro by activating mTORC2/AKT through up-regulation of DDIT4 expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1046226. [PMID: 36601406 PMCID: PMC9806147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1046226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysbiosis of the lower airway flora is associated with lung cancer, of which the relationship between Streptococcus, especially pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), and the progression of lung cancer are unclear. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were prospectively collected from patients with pulmonary nodules during diagnostic bronchoscopy, and finally included 70 patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer and 20 patients with benign pulmonary nodules as the disease control group. The differential flora was screened by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. An in vitro infection model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells exposed to S.pneumoniae was established to observe its effects on cell migration and invasion ability. Exploring the molecular mechanisms downstream of DDIT4 through its loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Results 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the abundance of Streptococcus in the lower airway flora of lung cancer patients was significantly increased. After exposure to S. pneumoniae, A549 and H1299 cells significantly enhanced their cell migration and invasion ability. The results of DDIT4 loss- and gain-of-function experiments in A549 cells suggest that up-regulation of DDIT4 activates the mTORC2/Akt signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the migration and invasion of A549 cells while not affecting mTORC1. Immunofluorescence (IF) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that S. pneumoniae was enriched in LUAD tissues, and DDIT4 expression was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in non-cancerous tissues. The increased expression of DDIT4 was also related to the poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Discussion The data provided by this study show that S. pneumoniae enriched in the lower airway of patients with lung cancer can up-regulate DDIT4 expression and subsequently activate the mTORC2/AKT signal pathway, thereby increasing the migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells. Our study provides a potential new mechanism for targeted therapy of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Medical Laboratory Center and Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxin Pu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiling Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwen Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yuwen Xue,
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Zhang W, Xue M, Fan J, Qiu L, Zheng W, Liu Y, Meng Z. Flory-Huggins VOC Photonics Sensor Made of Cellulose Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10701-10711. [PMID: 35167261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a widespread air pollutant, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to the human body's skin, nervous system, and respiratory system. Low-cost, extensive, and continuous detection of VOCs is of great significance to human health. We infiltrated and coated cellulose acetate on the inverse opal photonic crystal skeleton of methylcellulose-polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide to construct a degradable, high-toughness cellulose VOC sensor. Cellulose acetate enhances the response to VOCs and achieves a highly selective response to acetone vapor due to the smaller Flory-Huggins parameter with acetone. This work proposes a general, simple, easy-to-use, and highly selective photonic crystal VOC sensor development strategy. Calculated from the Flory-Huggins solution theory, a suitable polymer was selected to modify the inverse opal photonic crystal framework and achieve high selectivity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenxiang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
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Cerimi K, Jäckel U, Meyer V, Daher U, Reinert J, Klar S. In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35050015 PMCID: PMC8780961 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kustrim Cerimi
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Udo Jäckel
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ugarit Daher
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jessica Reinert
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanie Klar
- Unit 4.7 Biological Agents, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40–42, 10317 Berlin, Germany; (U.J.); (J.R.); (S.K.)
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7
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Bedford R, Perkins E, Clements J, Hollings M. Recent advancements and application of in vitro models for predicting inhalation toxicity in humans. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105299. [PMID: 34920082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Animals have been indispensable in testing chemicals that can pose a risk to human health, including those delivered by inhalation. In recent years, the combination of societal debate on the use of animals in research and testing, the drive to continually enhance testing methodologies, and technology advancements have prompted a range of initiatives to develop non-animal alternative approaches for toxicity testing. In this review, we discuss emerging in vitro techniques being developed for the testing of inhaled compounds. Advanced tissue models that are able to recreate the human response to toxic exposures alongside examples of their ability to complement in vivo techniques are described. Furthermore, technology being developed that can provide multi-organ toxicity assessments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - E Perkins
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - J Clements
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
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Krzyszczak A, Czech B. Occurrence and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives in environmental matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147738. [PMID: 34023603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, there is great attention paid to the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different environmental matrices. Extensive reviews on PAHs presence and toxicity were published recently. However, PAHs formation and transformation in the environment lead to the production of PAHs derivatives containing oxygen (O-PAHs), nitrogen (N-PAHs and aazarenes AZA) or sulfur (PASHs) in the aromatic ring. The development of new analytical methods enabled the determination of these novel contaminants. The presence of oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur in PAHs aromatic rings increased their toxicity. The most common primary sources of PAHs derivatives are biological processes such as microbial activity (in soil, water, and wastewater treatment plants (O-PAHs)) and all processes involving combustion of fuel, coal, and biomass (O-PAHs, N-PAHs, AZA, PASHs). The secondary resources involved i) photochemical (UV light), ii) radical-mediated (OH, NO3), and iii) reactions with oxidants (O3, NOx) (O-PAHs, N-PAHs, AZA). Furthermore, N-PAHs were able to transform to their corresponding O-PAHs, while other derivatives were not. It indicated that N-PAHs are more vulnerable to photooxidation in the environment. 85% of O- and N-PAHs were detected with particle matter below 2.5 μm suggesting their easier bioaccessibility. More than 90% of compounds with four and more aromatic cycles were present in the particle phase in the air. Although the concentrations of N-PAHs or O-PAHs may be similar to PAHs concentration or even 1000 times lower than parent PAHs, PAHs derivatives accounted for a significant portion of the total mutagenicity. The present review is describing the results of the studies on the determination of PAHs derivatives in different environmental matrices including airborne particles, sediments, soil, and organisms. The mechanisms of their formation and toxicity were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyszczak
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Nossa R, Costa J, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Breathing in vitro: Designs and applications of engineered lung models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008696. [PMID: 33996022 PMCID: PMC8107677 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a systematic design guideline to users, particularly engineers interested in developing and deploying lung models, and biologists seeking to identify a suitable platform for conducting in vitro experiments involving pulmonary cells or tissues. We first discuss the state of the art on lung in vitro models, describing the most simplistic and traditional ones. Then, we analyze in further detail the more complex dynamic engineered systems that either provide mechanical cues, or allow for more predictive exposure studies, or in some cases even both. This is followed by a dedicated section on microchips of the lung. Lastly, we present a critical discussion of the different characteristics of each type of system and the criteria which may help researchers select the most appropriate technology according to their specific requirements. Readers are encouraged to refer to the tables accompanying the different sections where comprehensive and quantitative information on the operating parameters and performance of the different systems reported in the literature is provided.
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10
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Ran Z, Liu J, Wang F, Xin C, Xiong B, Song Z. Pulmonary Micro-Ecological Changes and Potential Microbial Markers in Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 10:576855. [PMID: 33537234 PMCID: PMC7848173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the microbiome and disease has been investigated for many years. As a highly malignant tumor, biomarkers for lung cancer are diverse. However, precision of these biomarkers has not yet been achieved. It has been confirmed that lung microecology changes in lung cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, the abundance of some bacterial species shows obvious changes, suggesting their potential use as a microbial marker for the detection of lung cancer. In addition, recent studies have confirmed that inflammation, immune response, virulence factors, and metabolism may be potential mechanisms linking the microbiome with carcinogenesis. In this review, microbiome studies of lung cancer, potential mechanisms, potential microbial markers, and the influence of the microbiome on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are summarized, providing theoretical strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Ran
- The Second Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiexing Liu
- The Second Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Caiyan Xin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- The Second Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Cervena T, Vojtisek-Lom M, Vrbova K, Ambroz A, Novakova Z, Elzeinova F, Sima M, Beranek V, Pechout M, Macoun D, Klema J, Rossnerova A, Ciganek M, Topinka J, Rossner P. Ordinary Gasoline Emissions Induce a Toxic Response in Bronchial Cells Grown at Air-Liquid Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E79. [PMID: 33374749 PMCID: PMC7801947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasoline engine emissions have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and represent a significant health risk. In this study, we used MucilAir™, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human airway, and BEAS-2B, cells originating from the human bronchial epithelium, grown at the air-liquid interface to assess the toxicity of ordinary gasoline exhaust produced by a direct injection spark ignition engine. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), production of mucin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenylate kinase (AK) activities were analyzed after one day and five days of exposure. The induction of double-stranded DNA breaks was measured by the detection of histone H2AX phosphorylation. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the modulation of expression of the relevant 370 genes. The exposure to gasoline emissions affected the integrity, as well as LDH and AK leakage in the 3D model, particularly after longer exposure periods. Mucin production was mostly decreased with the exception of longer BEAS-2B treatment, for which a significant increase was detected. DNA damage was detected after five days of exposure in the 3D model, but not in BEAS-2B cells. The expression of CYP1A1 and GSTA3 was modulated in MucilAir™ tissues after 5 days of treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, the expression of 39 mRNAs was affected after short exposure, most of them were upregulated. The five days of exposure modulated the expression of 11 genes in this cell line. In conclusion, the ordinary gasoline emissions induced a toxic response in MucilAir™. In BEAS-2B cells, the biological response was less pronounced, mostly limited to gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cervena
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vojtisek-Lom
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonin Ambroz
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Zuzana Novakova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Vit Beranek
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Martin Pechout
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - David Macoun
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Jiri Klema
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, 121 35 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
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Ma Y, Bellini N, Scholten RH, Andersen MHG, Vogel U, Saber AT, Loft S, Møller P, Roursgaard M. Effect of combustion-derived particles on genotoxicity and telomere length: A study on human cells and exposed populations. Toxicol Lett 2020; 322:20-31. [PMID: 31923465 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) from combustion processes has been associated with oxidative stress to DNA, whereas effects related to telomere dysfunction are less investigated. We collected air-borne PM from a passenger cabin of a diesel-propelled train and at a training facility for smoke diving exercises. Effects on oxidative stress biomarkers, genotoxicity measured by the comet assay and telomere length in PM-exposed A549 cells were compared with the genotoxicity and telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human volunteers exposed to the same aerosol source. Although elevated levels of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA in terms of Fpg-sensitive sites were observed in PBMCs from exposed humans, the PM collected at same locations did not cause genotoxicity in the comet assay in A549 cells. Nevertheless, A549 cells displayed telomere length shortening after four weeks exposure to PM. This is in line with slightly shorter telomere length in PBMCs from exposed humans, although it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the results indicate that genotoxic potency measured by the comet assay of PM in A549 cells may not predict genotoxicity in exposed humans, whereas telomere length measurements may be a novel indicator of genotoxic stress in cell cultures and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Ma
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nicoletta Bellini
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Maria Helena Guerra Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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13
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Ambient fine particulate matter induce toxicity in lung epithelial-endothelial co-culture models. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Zarcone MC, Duistermaat E, Alblas MJ, van Schadewijk A, Ninaber DK, Clarijs V, Moerman MM, Vaessen D, Hiemstra PS, Kooter IM. Effect of diesel exhaust generated by a city bus engine on stress responses and innate immunity in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:221-231. [PMID: 29408669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Harmful effects of diesel emissions can be investigated via exposures of human epithelial cells, but most of previous studies have largely focused on the use of diesel particles or emission sources that are poorly representative of engines used in current traffic. We studied the cellular response of primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to the exposure to whole diesel exhaust (DE) generated by a Euro V bus engine, followed by treatment with UV-inactivated non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) bacteria to mimic microbial exposure. The effect of prolonged exposures was investigated, as well as the difference in the responses of cells from COPD and control donors and the effect of emissions generated during a cold start. HMOX1 and NQO1 expression was transiently induced after DE exposure. DE inhibited the NTHi-induced expression of human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB4A) and of the chaperone HSPA5/BiP. In contrast, expression of the stress-induced PPP1R15A/GADD34 and the chemokine CXCL8 was increased in cells exposed to DE and NTHi. HMOX1 induction was significant in both COPD and controls, while inhibition of DEFB4A expression by DE was significant only in COPD cells. No significant differences were observed when comparing cellular responses to cold engine start and prewarmed engine emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Zarcone
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - M J Alblas
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - A van Schadewijk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - D K Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - V Clarijs
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M M Moerman
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - D Vaessen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - I M Kooter
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Grilli A, Bengalli R, Longhin E, Capasso L, Proverbio MC, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Gualtieri M, Battaglia C, Camatini M. Transcriptional profiling of human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS-2B exposed to diesel and biomass ultrafine particles. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:302. [PMID: 29703138 PMCID: PMC5923024 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emissions from diesel vehicles and biomass burning are the principal sources of primary ultrafine particles (UFP). The exposure to UFP has been associated to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. Although many aspects of the toxicology of ambient particulate matter (PM) have been unraveled, the molecular mechanisms activated in human cells by the exposure to UFP are still poorly understood. Here, we present an RNA-seq time-course experiment (five time point after single dose exposure) used to investigate the differential and temporal changes induced in the gene expression of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by the exposure to UFP generated from diesel and biomass combustion. A combination of different bioinformatics tools (EdgeR, next-maSigPro and reactome FI app-Cytoscape and prioritization strategies) facilitated the analyses the temporal transcriptional pattern, functional gene set enrichment and gene networks related to cellular response to UFP particles. RESULTS The bioinformatics analysis of transcriptional data reveals that the two different UFP induce, since the earliest time points, different transcriptional dynamics resulting in the activation of specific genes. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes indicates that the exposure to diesel UFP induces the activation of genes involved in TNFα signaling via NF-kB and inflammatory response, and hypoxia. Conversely, the exposure to ultrafine particles from biomass determines less distinct modifications of the gene expression profiles. Diesel UFP exposure induces the secretion of biomarkers associated to inflammation (CCXL2, EPGN, GREM1, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL24, EREG, VEGF) and transcription factors (as NFE2L2, MAFF, HES1, FOSL1, TGIF1) relevant for cardiovascular and lung disease. By means of network reconstruction, four genes (STAT3, HIF1a, NFKB1, KRAS) have emerged as major regulators of transcriptional response of bronchial epithelial cells exposed to diesel exhaust. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work highlights modifications of the transcriptional landscape in human bronchial cells exposed to UFP and sheds new lights on possible mechanisms by means of which UFP acts as a carcinogen and harmful factor for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grilli
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.,PhD Program of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Rossella Bengalli
- Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Longhin
- Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Capasso
- Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Proverbio
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interaction with Life (UCEIV, EA 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, F-59140, Dunkerque, France.,Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development - ENEA SSPT-MET-INAT, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy. .,Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
| | - Marina Camatini
- Polaris Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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16
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Barraud C, Corbière C, Pottier I, Estace E, Blanchard K, Logie C, Lagadu S, Kéravec V, Pottier D, Dionnet F, Morin J, Préterre D, André V, Monteil C, Sichel F. Impact of after-treatment devices and biofuels on diesel exhausts genotoxicity in A549 cells exposed at air-liquid interface. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Human lung epithelial cell cultures for analysis of inhaled toxicants: Lessons learned and future directions. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:137-146. [PMID: 29155131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium that covers the conducting airways and alveoli is a primary target for inhaled toxic substances, and therefore a focus in inhalation toxicology. The increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of inhaled toxicants. However, the validity of the current in vitro models and their acceptance by regulatory authorities as an alternative to animal models is a reason for concern, and requires a critical review. In this review, focused on human lung epithelial cell cultures as a model for inhalation toxicology, we discuss the choice of cells for these models, the cell culture system used, the method of exposure as well as the various read-outs to assess the cellular response. We argue that rapid developments in the 3D culture of primary epithelial cells, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for generation of lung epithelial cells and the development of organ-on-a-chip technology are among the important developments that will allow significant advances in this field. Furthermore, we discuss the various routes of application of inhaled toxicants by air-liquid interface models as well as the vast array of read-outs that may provide essential information. We conclude that close collaboration between researchers from various disciplines is essential for development of valid methods that are suitable for replacement of animal studies for inhalation toxicology.
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18
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Yu T, Zhang X, Zhong L, Cui Q, Hu X, Li B, Wang Z, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Bin P. The use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter filter decreases cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells following air-liquid interface exposure to motorcycle exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:287-295. [PMID: 28477553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether the use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter (PM) filter reduced the cytotoxicity induced by motorcycle exhaust (ME), a mixture of gases and particles, in lung epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) inserts. The concentrations of PM, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbons (THC), total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides in both filtered ME (fME) by a 0.20 μm filter and non-filtered ME (non-fME) were measured. Lung epithelial cells were exposed to clean air, fME, or non-fME in the ALI chamber. Cell relative viabilities (CRV) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined. Our results revealed that PM2.5 was the main compound of PM in ME. After filtration, PM and THC levels were significantly reduced, as compared with non-fME. When compared with the clean air exposed group, the CRV in both fME and non-fME-exposed group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while their ROS generation were markedly increased (p < 0.001). When compared with non-fME-exposed group, the CRV and ROS generation were significantly improved following fME exposure (p < 0.05). As a result, of PM and THC concentrations were decreased approximately 90% and 22.71%, respectively, the CRV was improved from 40.4% (non-fME) to 55.7% (fME), and the increased ROS generation by non-fME was decreased about 51.6%. When BEAS-2B cells were exposed to fME, a time-dependent reduction in CRV was observed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ME-exposure in the ALI system induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. The addition of a 0.20 μm PM filter significantly modifies the particulate composition in PM and the concentration of THC, and shows protective effects by improving the survival of exposed lung epithelial cells and reducing the ROS generation. Therefore, emission factors such as different size of PM and THC from motorcycles may play a role in ME-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongxu Wang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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Frijns E, Verstraelen S, Stoehr LC, Van Laer J, Jacobs A, Peters J, Tirez K, Boyles MSP, Geppert M, Madl P, Nelissen I, Duschl A, Himly M. A Novel Exposure System Termed NAVETTA for In Vitro Laminar Flow Electrodeposition of Nanoaerosol and Evaluation of Immune Effects in Human Lung Reporter Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5259-5269. [PMID: 28339192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new prototype air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure system, a flatbed aerosol exposure chamber termed NAVETTA, was developed to investigate deposition of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) on cultured human lung A549 cells directly from the gas phase. This device mimics human lung cell exposure to NPs due to a low horizontal gas flow combined with cells exposed at the ALI. Electrostatic field assistance is applied to improve NP deposition efficiency. As proof-of-principle, cell viability and immune responses after short-term exposure to nanocopper oxide (CuO)-aerosol were determined. We found that, due to the laminar aerosol flow and a specific orientation of inverted transwells, much higher deposition rates were obtained compared to the normal ALI setup. Cellular responses were monitored with postexposure incubation in submerged conditions, revealing CuO dissolution in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity was the result of ionic and nonionic Cu fractions. Using the optimized inverted ALI/postincubation procedure, pro-inflammatory immune responses, in terms of interleukin (IL)-8 promoter and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity, were observed within short time, i.e. One hour exposure to ALI-deposited CuO-NPs and 2.5 h postincubation. NAVETTA is a novel option for mimicking human lung cell exposure to NPs, complementing existing ALI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Frijns
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verstraelen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Linda Corinna Stoehr
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jo Van Laer
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - An Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jan Peters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristof Tirez
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Matthew Samuel Powys Boyles
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Geppert
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pierre Madl
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV) , Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Albert Duschl
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Himly
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS) , Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Zarcone MC, van Schadewijk A, Duistermaat E, Hiemstra PS, Kooter IM. Diesel exhaust alters the response of cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Respir Res 2017; 18:27. [PMID: 28129777 PMCID: PMC5273858 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both bacterial infections, such as those with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and exposures to diesel engine emissions are known to contribute to exacerbations in COPD patients. However, the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) exposure on the epithelial response to microbial stimulation is incompletely understood, and possible differences in the response to DE of epithelial cells from COPD patients and controls have not been studied. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were obtained from age-matched COPD patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 5). PBEC were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to achieve mucociliary differentiation. ALI-PBECs were apically exposed for 1 h to a stream of freshly generated whole DE or air. Exposure was followed by 3 h incubation in presence or absence of UV-inactivated NTHi before analysis of epithelial gene expression. RESULTS DE alone induced an increase in markers of oxidative stress (HMOX1, 50-100-fold) and of the integrated stress response (CHOP, 1.5-2-fold and GADD34, 1.5-fold) in cells from both COPD patients and controls. Exposure of COPD cultures to DE followed by NTHi caused an additive increase in GADD34 expression (up to 3-fold). Importantly, DE caused an inhibition of the NTHi-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7, and of the chaperone protein HSP5A/BiP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that DE exposure of differentiated primary airway epithelial cells causes activation of the gene expression of HMOX1 and markers of integrated stress response to a similar extent in cells from COPD donors and controls. Furthermore, DE further increased the NTHi-induced expression of GADD34, indicating a possible enhancement of the integrated stress response. DE reduced the NTHi-induced expression of S100A7. These data suggest that DE exposure may cause adverse health effects in part by decreasing host defense against infection and by modulating stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Zarcone
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie van Schadewijk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Bisig C, Roth M, Müller L, Comte P, Heeb N, Mayer A, Czerwinski J, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Hazard identification of exhausts from gasoline-ethanol fuel blends using a multi-cellular human lung model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:789-796. [PMID: 27670152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol can be produced from biomass and as such is renewable, unlike petroleum-based fuel. Almost all gasoline cars can drive with fuel containing 10% ethanol (E10), flex-fuel cars can even use 85% ethanol (E85). Brazil and the USA already include 10-27% ethanol in their standard fuel by law. Most health effect studies on car emissions are however performed with diesel exhausts, and only few data exists for other fuels. In this work we investigated possible toxic effects of exhaust aerosols from ethanol-gasoline blends using a multi-cellular model of the human lung. A flex-fuel passenger car was driven on a chassis dynamometer and fueled with E10, E85, or pure gasoline (E0). Exhausts obtained from a steady state cycle were directly applied for 6h at a dilution of 1:10 onto a multi-cellular human lung model mimicking the bronchial compartment composed of human bronchial cells (16HBE14o-), supplemented with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, cultured at the air-liquid interface. Biological endpoints were assessed after 6h post incubation and included cytotoxicity, pro-inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Filtered air was applied to control cells in parallel to the different exhausts; for comparison an exposure to diesel exhaust was also included in the study. No differences were measured for the volatile compounds, i.e. CO, NOx, and T.HC for the different ethanol supplemented exhausts. Average particle number were 6×102 #/cm3 (E0), 1×105 #/cm3 (E10), 3×103 #/cm3 (E85), and 2.8×106 #/cm3 (diesel). In ethanol-gasoline exposure conditions no cytotoxicity and no morphological changes were observed in the lung cell cultures, in addition no oxidative stress - as analyzed with the glutathione assay - was measured. Gene expression analysis also shows no induction in any of the tested genes, including mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative stress and pro-inflammation, as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), transcription factor NFE2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1). Finally, no DNA damage was observed with the OxyDNA assay. On the other hand, cell death, oxidative stress, as well as an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed for cells exposed to diesel exhaust, confirming the results of other studies and the applicability of our exposure system. In conclusion, the tested exhausts from a flex-fuel gasoline vehicle using different ethanol-gasoline blends did not induce adverse cell responses in this acute exposure. So far ethanol-gasoline blends can promptly be used, though further studies, e.g. chronic and in vivo studies, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bisig
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Roth
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Loretta Müller
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Comte
- Bern University for Applied Sciences (UASB), Gwerdtstrasse 25, 2560 Nidau, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Heeb
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Technik Thermischer Maschinen (TTM), Fohrhölzlistrasse 14B, 5443 Niederrohrdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Czerwinski
- Bern University for Applied Sciences (UASB), Gwerdtstrasse 25, 2560 Nidau, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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22
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Zarcone MC, Duistermaat E, van Schadewijk A, Jedynska A, Hiemstra PS, Kooter IM. Cellular response of mucociliary differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells to diesel exhaust. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L111-23. [PMID: 27190060 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00064.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel emissions are the main source of air pollution in urban areas, and diesel exposure is linked with substantial adverse health effects. In vitro diesel exposure models are considered a suitable tool for understanding these effects. Here we aimed to use a controlled in vitro exposure system to whole diesel exhaust to study the effect of whole diesel exhaust concentration and exposure duration on mucociliary differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). PBEC cultured at the air-liquid interface were exposed for 60 to 375 min to three different dilutions of diesel exhaust (DE). The DE mixture was generated by an engine at 47% load, and characterized for particulate matter size and distribution and chemical and gas composition. Cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier function was assessed, as well as mRNA expression and protein release analysis. DE caused a significant dose-dependent increase in expression of oxidative stress markers (HMOX1 and NQO1; n = 4) at 6 h after 150 min exposure. Furthermore, DE significantly increased the expression of the markers of the integrated stress response CHOP and GADD34 and of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL8, as well as release of CXCL8 protein. Cytotoxic effects or effects on epithelial barrier function were observed only after prolonged exposures to the highest DE dose. These results demonstrate the suitability of our model and that exposure dose and duration and time of analysis postexposure are main determinants for the effects of DE on differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Zarcone
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Evert Duistermaat
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Aleksandra Jedynska
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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In vitro assays as a tool for determination of VOCs toxic effect on respiratory system: A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Kooter IM, Gröllers-Mulderij M, Steenhof M, Duistermaat E, van Acker FA, Staal YC, Tromp PC, Schoen E, Kuper CF, van Someren E. Cellular Effects in an In Vitro Human 3D Cellular Airway Model and A549/BEAS-2B In Vitro Cell Cultures Following Air Exposure to Cerium Oxide Particles at an Air–Liquid Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2015.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg M. Kooter
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike Steenhof
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter C. Tromp
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Schoen
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Frieke Kuper
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene van Someren
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Svensson CR, Ameer SS, Ludvigsson L, Ali N, Alhamdow A, Messing ME, Pagels J, Gudmundsson A, Bohgard M, Sanfins E, Kåredal M, Broberg K, Rissler J. Validation of an air-liquid interface toxicological set-up using Cu, Pd, and Ag well-characterized nanostructured aggregates and spheres. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 18:86. [PMID: 27069401 PMCID: PMC4805710 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Systems for studying the toxicity of metal aggregates on the airways are normally not suited for evaluating the effects of individual particle characteristics. This study validates a set-up for toxicological studies of metal aggregates using an air-liquid interface approach. The set-up used a spark discharge generator capable of generating aerosol metal aggregate particles and sintered near spheres. The set-up also contained an exposure chamber, The Nano Aerosol Chamber for In Vitro Toxicity (NACIVT). The system facilitates online characterization capabilities of mass mobility, mass concentration, and number size distribution to determine the exposure. By dilution, the desired exposure level was controlled. Primary and cancerous airway cells were exposed to copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag) aggregates, 50-150 nm in median diameter. The aggregates were composed of primary particles <10 nm in diameter. For Cu and Pd, an exposure of sintered aerosol particles was also produced. The doses of the particles were expressed as particle numbers, masses, and surface areas. For the Cu, Pd, and Ag aerosol particles, a range of mass surface concentrations on the air-liquid interface of 0.4-10.7, 0.9-46.6, and 0.1-1.4 µg/cm2, respectively, were achieved. Viability was measured by WST-1 assay, cytokines (Il-6, Il-8, TNF-a, MCP) by Luminex technology. Statistically significant effects and dose response on cytokine expression were observed for SAEC cells after exposure to Cu, Pd, or Ag particles. Also, a positive dose response was observed for SAEC viability after Cu exposure. For A549 cells, statistically significant effects on viability were observed after exposure to Cu and Pd particles. The set-up produced a stable flow of aerosol particles with an exposure and dose expressed in terms of number, mass, and surface area. Exposure-related effects on the airway cellular models could be asserted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Svensson
- />Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - S. S. Ameer
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Ludvigsson
- />Department of Physics, Solid State Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - N. Ali
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Alhamdow
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. E. Messing
- />Department of Physics, Solid State Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Pagels
- />Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Gudmundsson
- />Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Bohgard
- />Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - E. Sanfins
- />Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - M. Kåredal
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - K. Broberg
- />Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Rissler
- />Department of Design Sciences, Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- />Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Stoehr LC, Madl P, Boyles MSP, Zauner R, Wimmer M, Wiegand H, Andosch A, Kasper G, Pesch M, Lütz-Meindl U, Himly M, Duschl A. Enhanced Deposition by Electrostatic Field-Assistance Aggravating Diesel Exhaust Aerosol Toxicity for Human Lung Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8721-8730. [PMID: 26083946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, but conventional air quality monitoring gives no information about biological consequences. Exposing human lung cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to ambient aerosol could help identify acute biological responses. This study investigated electrode-assisted deposition of diesel exhaust aerosol (DEA) on human lung epithelial cells (A549) in a prototype exposure chamber. A549 cells were exposed to DEA at the ALI and under submerged conditions in different electrostatic fields (EFs) and were assessed for cell viability, membrane integrity, and IL-8 secretion. Qualitative differences of the DEA and its deposition under different EFs were characterized using scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Upon exposure to DEA only, cell viability decreased and membrane impairment increased for cells at the ALI; submerged cells were unaffected. These responses were enhanced upon application of an EF, as was DEA deposition. No adverse effects were observed for filtered DEA or air only, confirming particle-induced responses. The prototype exposure chamber proved suitable for testing DEA-induced biological responses of cells at the ALI using electrode-assisted deposition and may be useful for analysis of other air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Stoehr
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pierre Madl
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthew S P Boyles
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Zauner
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Wimmer
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Wiegand
- §Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- ∥University of Salzburg, Department of Cell Biology, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gerhard Kasper
- §Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- ∥University of Salzburg, Department of Cell Biology, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Himly
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert Duschl
- ‡University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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27
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Oeder S, Kanashova T, Sippula O, Sapcariu SC, Streibel T, Arteaga-Salas JM, Passig J, Dilger M, Paur HR, Schlager C, Mülhopt S, Diabaté S, Weiss C, Stengel B, Rabe R, Harndorf H, Torvela T, Jokiniemi JK, Hirvonen MR, Schmidt-Weber C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, BéruBé KA, Wlodarczyk AJ, Prytherch Z, Michalke B, Krebs T, Prévôt ASH, Kelbg M, Tiggesbäumker J, Karg E, Jakobi G, Scholtes S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Lintelmann J, Matuschek G, Sklorz M, Klingbeil S, Orasche J, Richthammer P, Müller L, Elsasser M, Reda A, Gröger T, Weggler B, Schwemer T, Czech H, Rüger CP, Abbaszade G, Radischat C, Hiller K, Buters JTM, Dittmar G, Zimmermann R. Particulate matter from both heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel shipping emissions show strong biological effects on human lung cells at realistic and comparable in vitro exposure conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126536. [PMID: 26039251 PMCID: PMC4454644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in coastal regions worldwide. Known cellular responses to combustion particles include oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. OBJECTIVES To provide a molecular link between the chemical and physical characteristics of ship emission particles and the cellular responses they elicit and to identify potentially harmful fractions in shipping emission aerosols. METHODS Through an air-liquid interface exposure system, we exposed human lung cells under realistic in vitro conditions to exhaust fumes from a ship engine running on either common heavy fuel oil (HFO) or cleaner-burning diesel fuel (DF). Advanced chemical analyses of the exhaust aerosols were combined with transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic profiling including isotope labelling methods to characterise the lung cell responses. RESULTS The HFO emissions contained high concentrations of toxic compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and were higher in particle mass. These compounds were lower in DF emissions, which in turn had higher concentrations of elemental carbon ("soot"). Common cellular reactions included cellular stress responses and endocytosis. Reactions to HFO emissions were dominated by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whereas DF emissions induced generally a broader biological response than HFO emissions and affected essential cellular pathways such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and chromatin modification. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lower content of known toxic compounds, combustion particles from the clean shipping fuel DF influenced several essential pathways of lung cell metabolism more strongly than particles from the unrefined fuel HFO. This might be attributable to a higher soot content in DF. Thus the role of diesel soot, which is a known carcinogen in acute air pollution-induced health effects should be further investigated. For the use of HFO and DF we recommend a reduction of carbonaceous soot in the ship emissions by implementation of filtration devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Oeder
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sean C. Sapcariu
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Arteaga-Salas
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Dilger
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlager
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stengel
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rom Rabe
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Horst Harndorf
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tiina Torvela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma K. Jokiniemi
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of environmental medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly A. BéruBé
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anna J. Wlodarczyk
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Prytherch
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krebs
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Vitrocell GmbH, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - André S. H. Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kelbg
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Physics, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Physics, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sorana Scholtes
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Lintelmann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Matuschek
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie Klingbeil
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Richthammer
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laarnie Müller
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Elsasser
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Reda
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weggler
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theo Schwemer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Radischat
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Jeroen T. M. Buters
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Turner J, Hernandez M, Snawder JE, Handorean A, McCabe KM. A toxicology suite adapted for comparing parallel toxicity responses of model human lung cells to diesel exhaust particles and their extracts. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2015; 49:599-610. [PMID: 26412929 PMCID: PMC4583370 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2015.1053559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to airborne particulate matter can be an important risk factor for some common respiratory diseases. While many studies have shown that particulate matter exposures are associated with inflammatory reactions, the role of specific cellular responses in the manifestation of primary hypersensitivities, and the progression of respiratory diseases remains unclear. In order to better understand mechanisms by which particulate matter can exert adverse health effects, more robust approaches to support in vitro studies are warranted. In response to this need, a group of accepted toxicology assays were adapted to create an analytical suite for screening and evaluating the effects of important, ubiquitous atmospheric pollutants on two model human lung cell lines (epithelial and immature macrophage). To demonstrate the utility of this suite, responses to intact diesel exhaust particles, and mass-based equivalent doses of their organic extracts were examined. Results suggest that extracts have the potential to induce greater biological responses than those associated with their colloidal counterpart. Additionally, macrophage cells appear to be more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of both intact diesel exhaust particles and their organic extract, than epithelial cells tested in parallel. As designed, the suite provided a more robust basis for characterizing toxicity mechanisms than the analysis of any individual assay. Findings suggest that cellular responses to particulate matter are cell line dependent, and show that the collection and preparation of PM and/or their extracts have the potential to impact cellular responses relevant to screening fundamental elements of respiratory toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Turner
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark Hernandez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - John E. Snawder
- Biomonitoring Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alina Handorean
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin M. McCabe
- Biology Department, Columbia Gorge Community College, The Dalles, Oregon, USA
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